HIV Prevention

Workshop
Ryan J. Maganini
Department of Health Sciences, California State
University, Long Beach

Photo by Mika Baumeister on Unsplash

Introductions

1. Name

2. Academic Major

3. Fun Fact About Yourself

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Learning Objectives
1. Correctly explain what the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is.

2. Summarize how HIV is transmitted between sexual partners during

sexual intercourse.

3. Summarize all available HIV prevention methods that can be used

during or prior to engaging in sexual intercourse.

4. Summarize how to obtain all available HIV prevention methods that can
be used during or prior to engaging in sexual intercourse.

5. Understand the correct use of all available HIV prevention methods that
can be used during or prior to engaging in sexual intercourse.

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 What is HIV?

● HIV stands for “human immunodeficiency virus.”

● The virus is an organism that cannot replicate on its

own; therefore, humans are the host.

● The virus is transmitted between humans.

● HIV damages an individual’s immune system, specially

“helper T cells,” or CD4 cells, that fight infections.

Photo by CDC on Unsplash 4

HIV Stages of Infection

There are three stages of HIV infection:

1) Acute Infection
a) Develops several weeks after infection and is
marked by flu-like symptoms as the virus
begins to attack the immune system.
2) Chronic Infection
a) The virus continues replicating in the body
and over time, fewer CD4 cells remain to fight
off infection.
3) AIDS (Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome)
a) The virus has significantly damaged the
immune system and has great difficulty
fighting off infections.

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 HIV Stages of Infection

Photo by NIH’s Office of AIDS Research. 6

HIV Stages of Infection

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How is HIV transmitted?
● HIV is transmitted from person to person through bodily
fluids (e.g., blood, semen, breast milk, etc.)

● Transmission occurs when bodily fluids from an

individual with a detectable viral load enter the
bloodstream of an individual who is HIV negative.

● Transmission most commonly occurs (in the United

States) through:
a. sexual intercourse (anal or vaginal) without using
HIV prevention methods
b. sharing infected needles while using drugs

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 HIV Transmission and Viral Load
● Thanks to advances in HIV treatment, individuals who are
infected with HIV can take medication (known as
antiretroviral therapy (ART)) to reduce their viral load, making
the virus undetectable and untransmittable to sexual
partners.

Photo by Minnesota
Department of
Health 9
HIV Incidence and Prevalence Among
Young MSM
● In 2021:
○ 30,635 new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
diagnoses in the US
○ 1,072,051 individuals living with HIV in the US

● 72% of new HIV diagnoses were transmitted through sexual

contact between men

● 20% of new HIV diagnoses were among individuals under

the age of 24

● Young MSM are overrepresented among those newly

diagnosed with HIV

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HIV Prevention Methods: Condoms
● Condoms are thin latex barriers that prevent the
passage of semen or other bodily fluids between
persons
○ External condoms (when having anal sex) cover the
penis
○ Internal condoms (when having vaginal sex) are
inserted into the vagina

● Condoms can help prevent HIV infections as well as

reduce the risk of contracting other STIs, like viral
hepatitis.

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Photo by the Centers for
Disease Control 12
 Accessing Condoms

● You can purchase condoms at your

local drug store
● The following locations distribute
condoms for free:
○ CSULB Student Health Services
Center
○ CSULB LGBTQ Resource
Center
○ Planned Parenthood- Long
Beach Health Center
○ The LGBTQ Center Long Beach
● You can also search throughout LA
County at LAcondom.com:
https://lacondom.com/our-partners/

Photo by Daily 49er and the LGBTQ Center Long Beach.

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HIV Prevention Methods: PrEP
● PrEP stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis and is a medicine
that prevents HIV infection (not STIs) prior to exposure.

● PrEP can be either taken every day orally in pill form

(Truvada and Descovy) or through a shot (Apretude).

● PrEP is prescribed by a doctor and requires regular visits

with a healthcare provider to monitor effectiveness and any
possible side effects.

● You can not start PrEP until you have taken an HIV test to
confirm you are HIV negative.

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 Accessing PrEP
● Locate a healthcare provider in your area that you can
see for in person visits and who can prescribe PrEP.
○ Call your health insurance provider and request a
doctor that can prescribe PrEP
○ Refer to Emory University’s PrEP provider directory
(https://preplocator.org/)
● Use telehealth services, like MISTR
(https://heymistr.com/), to meet with healthcare providers
virtually and have PrEP delivered to you.

Photo by Michał Parzuchowski

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on Unsplash
HIV Prevention Methods: PEP
● PEP stands for post-exposure prophylaxis and is a
medicine used to prevent HIV infection (not STIs) after
known or potential exposure.

● PEP needs to be taken within 72 hours of exposure to

HIV in order to be effective.

● PEP, like PrEP, must be prescribed by a doctor.

● PEP is intended for emergency uses only and is not

intended to substitute regular or daily HIV prevention
methods (condoms and PrEP).

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Accessing PEP

● Confirm with your primary care provider if they

prescribe PEP.

● Locate a healthcare agency, urgent care or emergency

room in your area that prescribes PEP in the event you
need to access PEP.

● Some agencies that prescribe PEP in Los Angeles

County include:
○ St. Mary Medical Center CARE Program (Long Beach)
○ Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, (Los Angeles)
○ APLA Health Center, CDU/MLK Medical Campus (Los
Angeles)

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 Questions?

Photo by Simone Secci on Unsplash 18

Discussion
1. Which HIV prevention method, if any, would
you be open to using to reduce your risk of
HIV infection?

a. How will you obtain your preferred HIV

prevention method?

b. What actions can you take today after this

workshop to ensure that you are
regularly using one or more HIV
prevention methods?

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References
Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2019). Condom Effectiveness. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/index.html

Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2020a, November 3). About PEP | PEP | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC. Www.cdc.gov.

https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/pep/about-pep.html

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2020b, November 3). About PrEP | PrEP | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC.

Www.cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep/about-prep.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020c, November 3). Starting and Stopping PrEP | PrEP | HIV Basics |

HIV/AIDS | CDC. Www.cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep/starting-stopping-prep.html

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2021, June 1). About HIV/AIDS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CDC.

https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022a, June 21). HIV: Basic Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/statistics.html

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References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b, May 23). National Profile | Volume 33 | HIV Surveillance Reports. Center for Disease

Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance/vol-33/content/national-profile.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022c). The Right Way To Use A Male* Condom [Online image]. In

https://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/index.html. https://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/docs/male-condom-use-508.pdf

Graham, B. (2019). Virus. National Human Genome Research Institute. https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Virus

HIV.gov. (2022, June 16). How are HIV and AIDS Transmitted? HIV.gov.

https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/how-is-hiv-transmitted/

Minnesota Department of Health. (2022, November 8). Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) - MN Dept. of Health.

www.health.state.mn.us. https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/hiv/prevention/uu/index.html

National Institute of Health (NIH). (2021, August 20). The Stages of HIV Infection | HIVINFO. Hivinfo.nih.gov.

https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/stages-hiv-infection

YouTube. (2022, June 21). What is HIV / AIDS and how does it affect your body? | Stanford Center for Health Education.

Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmk_ZrKDwJs&ab_channel=StanfordCenterforHealthEducation

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