II Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1. Paul……………… be at home; he always works until 9 p.m.
a) can’t b) mustn’t c) can
2. My sister …………… come back from London tonight, but I’m not sure.
a) may b) ought to c) must
3. Carl …………… speak a word of English before travelling to Britain.
a) can’t b) wasn’t able to c) wasn’t allowed to
4. Mary ………… have forgotten our appointment. Why isn’t she here?
a) can b) must c) may
5. …………… I use your phone, please?
a) Must b) Should c) May
6. You ………… have told us about Sue’s divorce. We made such insensitive comments on her husband!
a) shouldn’t b) should c) mustn’t
7. My son has always been a clever boy; he ……… read when he was three.
a) could b) might c) may
8. I’m afraid I ……………… go out tonight, I ……… work late.
a) can’t/ can b) can’t/ have to c) can’t/ should
9. You often have headaches. I think you ………… visit a neurologist.
a) may b) can c) should
10. There are some black clouds in the sky. It …………… rain this evening.
a) must b) may c) ought to
11. The children ………… have finished their homework by the time we get home, but I’m not sure.
a) aren’t able to b) have to c) might
12. Most children ………… wear school uniforms in private schools.
a) might b) must c) can
13. Why didn’t you phone Paul? He ………… have given a lift to the airport yesterday.
a) can b) ought to c) could
14. A. “Isn’t that John over there?” B. “It ……… be John, he’s at work now.”
a) mustn’t b) can’t c) shouldn’t
III For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more tan
three words. Contractions count as one word.
1. I’m sure you dropped your wallet at the bus stop.
You must have dropped your wallet at the bus stop.
2. Maybe Joanna missed the last bus.
Joanna MAY HAVE LOST the last bus.
3. Peter knew how to skate when he was twelve.
Peter COULD skate when he was twelve.
4. Emma was wrong not to tell you the answer.
Emma SHOULD HAVE TOLD you the answer.
5. It wasn’t necessary for us to pay to get in.
We NEEDN´T pay to get in.
6. I’m sure that Diana didn’t take your books.
Diana CAN’T HAVE TAKEN your books.
7. Perhaps David didn’t notice you.
David COULDN’T HAVE noticed you.
8. Terry arrived early, but it wasn’t necessary.
Terry NEEDN´T HAVE arrived early.
9. It wasn’t necessary for me to buy any food yesterday.
I didn’t NEED TO BUY any food yesterday.
10. It was a bad idea for us to be rude to the policeman!
We SHOULDN’T HAVE been rude to the policeman!
IV Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold.
1. I’m completely soaked! We should have taken an umbrella.
should / umbrella
2. I’ve lost my bag. I think I MUST HAVE LEFT IT ON THE BUS.
must /bus
3. I tried to phone Sam, but I COULDN’T GET THROUGH IT.
couldn’t /get through
4. I forgot Kate’s birthday. I SHOULD HAVE BOUGHT HER A PRESENT.
should /present
5. The cat doesn’t like fruit! It CAN´T STAND/EAT ORANGE.
can’t / orange
6. Jo isn’t here yet. I suppose she MIGHT HAVE LOST THE ADDRESS.
might /address
7. I did badly in the test. I OUGHT TO HAVE STUDIED HARDER.
ought /harder
8. It’s a shame we didn’t go on holiday. We COULD HAVE HAD FUN.
could/ fun
V Rewrite each sentence beginning with the phrases given. Do not change the meaning.
1. You were wrong to study so late! You shouldn’t HAVE STUDIED SO LATE.
2. Did you manage to stop him? Were YOU ABLE TO STOP HIM?
3. It wasn’t necessary to work hard. I didn’t NEED TO WORK HARD.
4. Perhaps Tim has lost his way. Tim might BE LOST.
5. It was possible for you to hurt yourself. You could HAVE HURT YOURSELF.
6. It would have been a good idea to tell me. You should HAVE TOLD ME.
7. I’m sure the class enjoyed it. The class must HAVE ENJOYED IT.
8. I helped her but it wasn’t necessary. I needn’t HAVE HELPED HER.
9. It was a mistake to leave. You should HAVE STAYED.
10. I’m sure the boy didn’t do it. The boy can’t HAVE DONE IT.
