Department of BES-II
Digital Design and Computer Architecture
23EC1202
Topic:
PLD’S, PROM
Session No: 07
AIM OF THE SESSION
To familiarize students with the basic concept of PLD’s and PROM.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
This Session is designed to:
1. Gain the insights into the classification of PLD’s and its importance in digital design.
2. Understand the concept of PROM as a type of memory that can be programmed once and read many times.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this session, you should be able to:
1. Design and implement flexible digital logic circuits using PLDs, allowing for customizable solutions to various
digital design challenges.
2. Understand how to utilize PROM for storing fixed data and configuration information in digital systems.
Session Introduction: Purpose of PLD’s
Problems by Using Basic Gates
Many components on PCB: As no. of components rise, nodes interconnection complexity grow
exponentially.
Growth in interconnection will cause increase in interference, PCB size, PCB design cost, and
manufacturing time.
Purpose of PLD’s:
The purpose of a PLD device is to permit elaborate digital logic designs to be implemented by the
user in a single device.
Can be erased electrically and reprogrammed with a new design, making them very well suited for
academic and prototyping.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES (PLD)
A Programmable Logic Device (PLD) is a type of digital integrated circuit that can be programmed or
configured by the user to implement various digital logic functions.
Key characteristics of PLDs include:
• Programmability
• Reprogrammability
• Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs)
• Interconnectivity
Classification of PLD’s
PROM
Simple PLD
PLA
Programmable Complex
PAL
Logic Device PLD
FPGA
SIMPLE PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES (SPLD)
Simple Programmable Logic Devices (SPLDs) are the integrated circuits which contains an array of
AND gates & another array of OR gates.
Three kinds of SPLD’s are PROM, PAL and PLA.
PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY (PROM)
If the ROM has programmable feature, then it is called as Programmable ROM (PROM).
PROM is a programmable logic device that has fixed AND array & Programmable OR array.
PROM is a type of non-volatile memory that can be programmed by the user to store fixed data
or program code.
PROM can be programmed once, and the programmed data cannot be changed afterward.
There are other types of programmable memory like EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-
Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), which allow
for reprogramming under certain conditions.
Block diagram of PROM
Implementation using PROM
Example: Implement the following Boolean functions using PROM.
A (X,Y,Z) = ∑m (5,6,7) B (X,Y,Z) = ∑m (3,5,6,7)
We require a 3 to 8 decoder (as we have 3 inputs) and two programmable OR gates for
producing A & B functions.
Implementation using PROM
Example: Implement the full adder using PROM.
Full adder output logic function:
0
Sum = 𝑚 (1,2,4,7) 1
Carry = 𝑚 (3,5,6,7) A
2
3×8 Decoder
B 3
4
C
5
6
7
Sum Carry
Applications of PROM
• Look-Up Tables (LUTs)
• Custom Logic Functions
• Multiplexers and Decoders
• Digital Calibration
• Security Key Storage
• Data and Configuration Storage
• Bootloader Programs
• Table-Based Algorithms
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is a type of PLD?
(a) CPU
(b) FPGA
(c) RAM
(d) ROM
2. What is the main advantage of using PLDs in digital circuit design?
(a) Lower cost
(b) Faster development time
(c) Higher power efficiency
(d) All of the above
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
3. How is the programming of a PROM different from that of a ROM (Read-Only Memory)?
(a) PROMs are read-only and cannot be programmed.
(b) ROMs are programmable multiple times, while PROMs are programmed only once.
(c) PROMs are programmed once, and the data is permanent.
(d) ROMs require a special programming voltage, unlike PROMs.
4.Which component is typically used for implementing combinational logic functions in a PLD?
(a) Flip-flop
(b) AND gate
(c) OR gate
(d) Inverter
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
Short answer questions:
1. Draw the classification diagram of Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs).
2. List the applications of PROM in digital circuit design, considering factors such as flexibility and reprogrammability.
Long answer questions:
1. Design the following Boolean functions using PROM. i) A (X,Y,Z) = ∑m (2,5,6) ii) B (X,Y,Z) = ∑m (0,2,4,7)
2. Design the following Boolean functions using PROM. A (X,Y,Z) = ∑m (2,4,6) & B (X,Y,Z) = ∑m (4,5,6,7)
3. Design the following Boolean functions using PROM.
A (X,Y,Z) = ∑m (5,6,7) B (X,Y,Z) = ∑m (3,5,6,7)
4. How can the outputs of a full adder be designed using a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) along with the appropriate
decoder?
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE SESSION
Reference Books:
1. Computer System Architecture by M. Moris Mano
2. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog HDL by Stephen Brown and ZvonkoVranesic
Sites and Web links:
1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/digital_circuits/digital_circuits_programmable_logic_devices.htm
2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/programming-array-logic/
3. https://www.electrically4u.com/programmable-array-logic/
THANK YOU
Team – DIGITAL DESIGN & COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
