Wave optics

Huygens 's Principle

Young 's Double slit Expt .

Diffraction
Power
Resolving
validity of Ray optics
1 Polarisation

2- 2 Qts
 Huygens 's Principle
continuous
wavefront : locus of all those
-

which vibrate in same

points phase .

Spherical cylindrical Plane

7
rn

•
point
r
s
Direction
}
source
of
u v
souffle light
propagation infinity rays

Amplitude Lte Amplitude at Amplitude =

Tr constant

Intensity at Intensity Ig Intensity

= =

constant

HUY GEN 'S PRINCIPLE : -

Rays are straight lines normal to wavefront

's

only in
homogenous isotopic material
(material with the insame properties
all
regions and in all directions)
YOUNG 's Double Sue Exits .

• For Maxima (Dark fringe) Dae -

- nd

y
= n
(n -
-
1,2 - -

• for minima (
bright fringe) Da -
-
In 1) -

Iz
(
y
=

2njYdxD_ ( n 1,2 )
-
- - -

At o : n -
- o =
Central Maxima

Iman =
420

At point P I = Uso
castle
where ol =
LI Dae
 Important formulas .

Fringe width
p XI
-

• -

Distance between consecutive maxims =

Distance between consecutive minimas .

•
Of YDSE arrangement is kept in a
medium of refractive index µ .

'

B =
Be
µ

when white
light is used : -

central is white
fringe
-

All other will coloured

fringes be
-

-
first maxima
after central Maxima -
Violet

•
Sf Two wavelengths have maxima at same

position
-

n ,x , =
nzX2

'
displaced upwards
'
•
Sf source s
from
central marina
centre
, shifts DOWNWARDS .
Interference
Phenomenon redistribution of
of energy on
account
of superposition of waves .

Intensity
•
Intensity
2
(Amplitude)2

Maximum
•
Intensity
cos 10=0 Dn -

-
na ( path difference)
§ = 2nA

Imax -

-
CT JET +

minimum
•

Intensity cos of En DA Da kn DIZ

-

-
-
-
-
-

'
JI )
3-min -

CT -

main
j
Fringe visibility =Imax-Im
Imax + Imin
 DIFFRACTION

•
flaring of light as it
emerges from a

narrow slit .

Dr Sino
az
=

when
azsino =

Az ( Destructive )
Interference

a sino = a ( 1st minima at P)

If a sino -
- na (minima formed)

Position
(Ia )
'

Angular O
-

-
-
sin
 Central Maxima
•
width
of
=

2¥
width other
of fringes
=
•

Io : I, i Iz =
1 : O .

045 : O 016
-

Resolving Power .

• Two
objects can be resolved optica
bymaximum
an

instrument when the central

of diffraction pattern of one source is
centred on
first minima of diffraction
pattern of other .

Resolving power of R P - .
=

¥ =

to
a telescope ,

Resolving power of R P
.
.
= 2148in
122A
a
microscope
 POLARISATION

• A plane polarised electromagnetic wave

electric
has
direction.
field vector
only in one

Brewster's law
•
Reflected light is partially polarised .

• when i -
-
ip ( polarising angle)
Ip Brewster 's
i

angle
-
-

when
reflected light is completely
polarised , reflected and refracted light
are
perpendicular to each other .

ip t r =
900

y -
-
tan Ep

previous YEARS Impe .