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Sanskrit Verb Usage Guide

The document discusses the Sanskrit word 'Tavyat' which means 'should be done' or 'worth doing'. It describes how Tavyat is used when something should be done by someone, and how it takes different forms depending on whether the verb is transitive or intransitive, and whether Tavyat is used as a verb or adjective. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of Tavyat.

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Ram Doyal
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66 views2 pages

Sanskrit Verb Usage Guide

The document discusses the Sanskrit word 'Tavyat' which means 'should be done' or 'worth doing'. It describes how Tavyat is used when something should be done by someone, and how it takes different forms depending on whether the verb is transitive or intransitive, and whether Tavyat is used as a verb or adjective. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of Tavyat.

Uploaded by

Ram Doyal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tavyat, Anīya and (Yat, Ṇyat and kyap) of which only Ya remains

Tavyat is used in the sense of should be done, should do or worth doing. The subject is always in tṛtiya (i.e. used
always in PASSIVE voice) when used as a verb.
Tvayā gantavyam The act of going should be done by you

Anīya

Yat - ya

When used as a verb and if the verb intransitive (I.E. NO OBJECT), tavya ALWAYS remains in the NEUTER gender and
SINGULAR.
E.g. You all should go for learning quickly. Yuṣmabhiḥ (subject) paṭhanāya śighraṁ gantavyam.

When used as a transitive verb, SUBJECT is in Tṛtiya and OBJECT is in Prathamā, tavya takes the gender and number
according to the OBJECT
E.g. I should not be eating these fruits. Mayā (subject) etāni phalāni na khāditavyāni (Tavya accords with OBJECT).

When used as an adjective (which means ‘worth doing’), tavya accords in terms of gender, case and number according
to SUBJECT.
E.g. Having gone there, read the lesson worth learning. Paṭhitavyaṁ pāṭhaṁ tatra gatvā paṭha.
Tavyat, Anīya and (Yat, Ṇyat and kyap) of which only Ya remains

E.g.

ms md mp fs fd f ns nd np
p
1 dātavyaḥ dātavyā dātavyam
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

English Sanskrit
1. All of you should go to the village. Yuṣmabhiḥ gramaḥ gantavyaḥ/gamanīyaḥ.
2. You should read these books. Tvayā etāni pustakāni paṭhitavyāni/pathanīyāni.
3. Sir, you should write a letter. Bhavata, ekam patramlikhitayam/likhinīyam/likhyam
4. You should know his story. Tvayā tasya kathā jñatavyā.
5. You should do doable things. Tvayā kartavyāni kāryani kartavyāni./Tvayā karanīyāṇi kāryāni karanīyāni/
Tvayā kāryāni kāryāni kāryāni.
6. Others people wealth should not be stolen. Pardravyam na coritavyam/haranīyam/coranīyam/hāryam
7. We should sing songs. Asmabhiḥ gitāni gātavyāni/gānīyāni/geyāni
8. This young man is worth marrying. Esaḥ varanīyaḥ /vṛtyaḥ yuvakaḥ
9. You should not go to this forest. Tvayā vanām na gantavyam/gamanīyam/gamyam

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