Civil Work:

Rebar/Steel Works
Prepared by: Engr. Jasmine V. Nasara
 Steel Reinforcing Bars
Steel reinforcing bars (or REBARS) play a major role in
controlling the cracks on structural concrete that are caused
by tensile and shearing stresses.

● Improve the tensile properties of concrete

● Assist in the compression resistance
● Referred as plain or deformed
Steel Reinforcing Bars

DEFORMED

Prevents slippage and creates a

PLAIN
bond to ensure concrete and steel
reinforcement act as one unit.
Things to consider in estimating reinforcing bars:
1. Grade, commercial length, mass and diameter of rebars
2. Hooks and bends
3. Splicing
4. Tie Wires (in kilograms)
Identifying marks on Rebars
COMMON GRADES OF REBARS

Number in each grade

indicates the yield strength of
the rebars in kilo pounds per
square inch (ksi).

Weldable counterparts have

greater carbon composition.
COMMERCIAL LENGTHS
Rebar commercial lengths readily available:
● 6-meter
● 7.5-meter
● 9-meter
● 10.5-meter
● 12-meter

Commercial lengths of 13 meters and 15 meters are available

but made in special orders.
COMMERCIAL DIAMETERS

Density of steel = 7,850 kg/m³

Unit Mass Approximation
2
DDesired
Unit Mass Desired = x Unit Mass Base
DBase

Where

DDesired - Bar Diameter of Desired Bar Size, mm

DBase - Bar Diameter of the Base Bar Size, mm
Unit Mass - in kg/m
HOOKS AND BENDS
STIRRUPS
Shear reinforcement for beams

TIES
Transverse reinforcement for
columns evenly spread along the
full height of the column
HOOKS AND BENDS
HOOPS
A closed tie with 135-degree hooks
at the ends

CROSS TIES
A component that spans the width
of the diaphragm or column
HOOKS AND BENDS
HOOKS AND BENDS
HOOKS AND BENDS
HOOKS AND BENDS
SPLICING
Determination of the length of lap slices
is quite meticulous.
● Empirical Formula (NSCP 2015
Table 425.4.2.2)
● Nature of the concrete to be used
● Type of rebar coating
● Casting position
SPLICING
There are two classes of lap slices; Class A and Class B, where a Class B
splice is 1.3 times the length of a Class A splice.

DPWH Blue Book 2013:

Minimum Lap Splices GRADE 40 GRADE 60

TENSION 24db 36db
COMPRESSION 20db 24db
SPLICING (Grade 60)
SPLICING (Grade 40)
SPLICING ZONES
Lap splices must be staggered (See NSCP 2015: 418.6.3.3)
Staggered Lap Splice Spacing
Staggered Lap Splice Measurement
Staggered Lap Splice Measurement
Rebar Spacing
Ensures that concrete will not burst in a seismic
scenario and prevents shear cracks from
happening.
NSCP provides the maximum possible spacing for
stirrups, hoops and ties for structures built on
Seismic Zone 4 in the unlikely event that plans fail
to specify the bar spacing.
Stirrup Spacing
For Intermediate Moment Resisting Frames
From NSCP 2015 Section 418.4.2.4, the minimum among:
(a) d/4
(b) 8x the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar
(c) 24x the diameter of the stirrups, or
(d) 300mm
Stirrup spacing must not also exceed d/2 for the entire span (NSCP
2015:418.2.4.5).
Stirrup Spacing
For Special Moment Resisting Frames
From NSCP 2015 Section 418.6.4.4, the first shall be located not more
than 50mm from the face of the supporting column. For succeeding
transverse reinforcements, spacing shall not exceed the minimum among:
(a) d/4
(b) 6x the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar, or
(c) 150mm
For the midspan and on lap splicing regions, spacing shall not exceed the
smaller of the two: (NSCP 2015:418.6.3.3)
(a) d/2, or
(b) 100mm
Stirrup Spacing
Tie Spacing
For column hoops and cross ties, two
confinement zones must be considered:
(1) Special confinement zone - near the
support and beam-column joint
(2) Mid-height zone
The length of the special confinement zone (lo)
is given the greatest among:
(1) 1/6 of the column clear height (NSCP
2015:418.4.3.3)
(2) Maximum cross-sectional dimension of
the column (NSCP 2015:418.4.3.3), or
(3) 450mm (NSCP 2015:418.7.5.1)
Tie Spacing
For Intermediate Moment Resisting Frames
From NSCP 2015 Section 418.4.3.3, the minimum tie spacing among:
(a) 1/2 of the least column dimension,
(b) 8x the diameter of the smallest main longitudinal bar,
(c) 24x the diameter of the hoop, or
(d) 300mm
Tie Spacing
For Special Moment Resisting Frames
From NSCP 2015 Section 418.7.5.3, the minimum tie spacing among:
(a) 1/4 of the least column dimension,
(b) 6x the diameter of the smallest main longitudinal bar, or
(c) Calculated by So = 100 + [(350-hx)] /3, where So must not be less
than 100mm or greater than 150mm.
Out of these conditions, (a) is most likely to prevail.
Tie Spacing
For Special Moment Resisting Frames
For the remaining height of the column, in the
midspan, the tie spacing is calculated as the
least of the following: (NSCP 2015:418.7.5.5)
(a) 6x the diameter of the smallest
longitudinal bar; or
(b) 150mm
Tie Spacing
For Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames
From NSCP 2015 Section 425.7.2.1, the tie spacing shall not exceed the
smallest of the following:
(a) 16x the diameter of the longitudinal bar,
(b) 48x the diameter of the confinement bars, or
(c) Least dimension of the column.
Rebar Cutting List
● An effective way of computing for the most economical amount
of rebars to be used in a construction project by determining the
length of the rebars with the least wastage.
● Use to order pre-bent and pre-cut rebars from steel suppliers.
Estimating for Tie Wires
In practice, #16 G.I. Wires are used to tie rebars and hold them to
position. Two methods for quantifying the amount of tie wire:
● Direct Counting Method (most accurate way)
○ No. of rebar intersections multiplied by 0.3 (corresponds to
the length of tie wire)
○ Convert the length to kilograms (1 kg = 59 meters)
● Percentage Method (efficient way)
○ Computed as 3% of the total mass of reinforcing bars to be used
Example 1. (Masonry Wall)
Determine the number of 10mm vertical reinforcing bars spaced at 80cm
on center and 10mm horizontal bars at every after three layers.
Example 1. (Masonry Wall)
Solution:
(1) Vertical reinforcement at 80cm o.c.
= 4.00 ÷ 0.80
= 5 pcs of 3 meters
Determine the most economical length (Use 10mmØ x 6m)
No. of cuts/length = 6 ÷ 3
= 2 cuts/length
Required no. of length = 5 pcs ÷ 2 cuts/length
= 2.5 lengths say 3 lengths - 10mmØ x 6m
Example 1. (Masonry Wall)
Solution:
(2) Horizontal reinforcement at every 3 layers
= 3.00 ÷ 0.20 (height of CHB)
= 15 layers ÷ 3
= 5 pcs of 4 meters
Determine the most economical length (Use 10mmØ x 12m)
No. of cuts/length = 12 ÷ 4
= 3 cuts/length
Required no. of length = 5 pcs ÷ 3 cuts/length
= 1.67 lengths say 2 lengths - 10mmØ x 12m
Example 1. (Masonry Wall)
SUMMARY ORDER:
3 lengths - 10mmØ x 6m steel bars
2 lengths - 10mmØ x 12m steel bars

Convert to kilograms:
Mass = 0.617 kg/m x [ (3 x 6m) + (2 x 12m) ]
= 25.914 kg

Tie Wire Required = 25.914 kg x 0.03 = 0.777 kg

Example 2. (Isolated Footing)
Determine the number of 12mm steel bars spaced required if there are 6
footing with general dimension of 1.50 x 1.50 meters.
Example 2. (Isolated Footing)
Solution: Using Direct Counting Method
(1) Net length of bar (cutting)
= 1.50 - (0.075+0.075)
= 1.35 meters
(2) Required no. of bars = (No. of bars/footing) x (No. of units)
= (13 bars x 2) x (6 units)
= 156 pcs of 12mmØ x 1.35m
(3) Determine the most economical length (Use 12mmØ x 6m)
No. of cuts/length = 6 ÷ 1.35
= 4.44 or 4 cuts/length
Required no. of length = 156 pcs ÷ 4 cuts/length
= 39 lengths - 12mmØ x 6m
Example 2. (Isolated Footing)
SUMMARY ORDER:
39 lengths - 12mmØ x 6m steel bars

Convert to kilograms:
Mass = 0.888 kg/m x (39 x 6m)
= 207.792 kg

Tie Wire Required = 25.914 kg x 0.03 = 6.234 kg

Example 3. (Lateral Ties)
A building has a series of 26 square column having a cross sectional
dimension of 30 x 30 cm with 8 pieces 20 mm vertical reinforcing bars for
each column. Make an order of 10 mm steel bars required for making the
lateral ties.
Use column height of 7m.
Length of lateral ties
= 1.2 m
Example 3. (Lateral Ties)
Solution:
(1) Determine the spacing of the lateral ties
16 x 20 mm = 320 mm or 32 cm
48 x 10 mm = 480 mm or 48 cm
Shortest dimension of column = 30 cm (Adopt this spacing)
(2) Determine the number of lateral ties in one column
7m ÷ 0.30 = 23.3 + 1 (always add one)
= 24.3 say 24 pcs of lateral ties
(3) Total ties of the 26 columns
26 x 24 = 624 pcs of lateral ties
Example 3. (Lateral Ties)
Solution:
(4) Determine the most economical length (Use 10mmØ x 6m)
No. of cuts/length = 6 ÷ 1.2 (length of lateral ties)
= 5 cuts/length
Required no. of length = 624 pcs ÷ 5 cuts/length
= 124.8 say 125 lengths - 10mmØ x 6m

SUMMARY ORDER:
125 lengths - 10mmØ x 6m steel bars
Example 4. (Lateral Ties)
Prepare an order of 10 mm steel bars for making lateral ties including the
tie wire required.
Given:
No. of columns = 16 pcs
Size = 25 x 40 cm
Clear Height = 4.60 m
L.T. Spacing = 25 cm

Outer ties = 120 cm

Inner ties = 85 cm
Straight ties = 50 cm