Lesson No.
2: Rectilinear Translation Motion:
Sample Problem (Exercises) :
I. Prove the Equation using Differentiation and Integration.
A. When Acceleration is zero or constant velocity ( a = 0, V = c)
Equation: S = vt
II. Problem Solving:
A. Two cars A and B have a velocity of 25 m/s in the same direction to right. Car A is 70 m behind
car B when the brakes are applied to car B, causing it to decelerate at a constant rate of 3
m/s2.
a. In what time car A overtake car B?
b. How far car A traveled?
c. How far car B traveled?
B. Cars A and B approached each other on a straight road from points 460m apart. A has an
initial speed of 70 km/hr. and is decelerating at the rate of 0.40 m/sec2. B has an initial speed
of 20 km/hr. and is accelerating at the rate of 0.30 m/sec2.
a. When will the cars meet?
b. How far car A traveled?
c. How far car B traveled?
d. What is the relative velocity (VAB) of the two cars?
Lesson No. 2 – Rectilinear Translation Motion
Solution to Sample Problem (Exercises) :
I. Proof:
A. When Acceleration is zero or constant velocity ( a = 0, V = c)
Equation: S = vt
Using the differential equation of velocity,
ds then, cross multiply
V=
dt
ds = Vdt
By Integrating and Evaluating the limits, or Integration between proper limits, yields
s
ʃ ʃ ʃ
t t
ds = Vdt = V dt
0 0 0
s t
s] =v[t]
0 0
s – 0 = v (t – 0)
Therefore: Simplify,
s = vt Answer
II. Problem Solving:
A. Two cars A and B have a velocity of 25 m/s in the same direction to right. Car A is 70 m behind car
B when the brakes are applied to car B, causing it to decelerate at a constant rate of 3 m/s2.
Figure: Car A Car B Pass each other or
VA = 25 m/s VB = 25 m/s overtake each other
aa = 0 aB = - 3 m/s2
70 m sB tB
tA
sA = 70 m + sB
Required:
a. The time elapsed car A overtakes car B.
b. The distance car A has traveled.
c. The distance car B has traveled.
Solutions:
a. Solving the time elapsed car A overtakes car B, using the distance (s) formula.
Equation:
S = V0 t + ½ at2
1. For Car A, 0
SA = VA tA + ½ aa tA2
SA = 25 t → Eq. 1
2. For Car B,
SB = VB tB + ½ ab tB2 M
iiii
SB = VB tB + ½ (-3) t2 nn
2
SB = 25 t – 1.5 t → Eq.nn
2
Solving for the time t,
Since:
SA = 70 + SB
Then, subst. Equation 1 ( SA ) and Equation 2 ( SB ),
0 0
25t = 70 + 25 t – 1.5 t2
1.5 t2 = 70
t=± √ 70
1.5 Note:
t = ± 6.83 s 1. Disregard the negative sign of
M M the time t, take the positive sign.
Therefore: t = tA = tB = 6.83 s Answer
iiii iiii
nn nn
b. Solving thenndistance car
nn
A has traveled, from Eq. 1
SA = 25 t = 25 (6.83)
Miiiin
170.75 mMii Answer
SA =nnn
iin
c. Solving theMiiiinnnn
distancennn
car B has traveled,
Miiiinnnn
Since: M Miiiinnnn Miiiinnnn
SA = 70 + SB or , using Equation 2,
iii
SB = SA – 70 = 170.75m – 70m SB = 25 t – 1.5 t2
S = 100.75 m Answer
B SB = 100.75 m Answer
Miiiinnnn
in Miiiinn
nn
nn
B. Cars A and B approached each other on a straight road from points 460m apart. Car A has an initial
speed of 70 km/hr. and is decelerating at the rate of 0.40 m/sec2. Car B has an initial speed of 20
km/hr. and is accelerating at the rate of 0.30 m/sec2.
Figure: Meeting point
V0A = 70 kph VAB = ? V0B = 20 kph
Decelerating Accelerating
Car A aB = + 0.30 m/s2
Car B
aA = - 0.40 m/s2
sA sB
tA = tB = t
460 m
Required:
a. In what time will the cars meet?
b. The distance car A has traveled.
c. The distance car B has traveled.
d. What is the relative velocity (VAB) of the two cars?
Solutions:
Since: Convert the given initial speed from FPS to SI Units,
V0A = 70 km x 1000 m x 1 hr_ = 19.44 m/s
hr 1 km 3,600 s
V0B = 20 km x 1000 m x 1 hr_ = 5.56 m/s
hr 1 km 3,600 s
a. Solving the time elapsed that Car A meets Car B,
Equation: Using the distance formula,
S = V0 t + ½ at2
1. For Car A,
SA = V0A tA + ½ aA tA2
SA = 19.44 t + ½ ( – 0.40 ) t2
SA = 19.44 t – 0.20 t2 → Eq. 1
2. For Car B,
SB = V0B tB + ½ aB tB2
SB = 5.56 t + ½ ( + 0.30 ) t2
SB = 5.56 t + 0.15 t2 → Eq. 2
Solving for the time t,
Since: SA + SB = 460 m
Then, substitute Equation 1 ( SA ) and Equation 2 ( SB ) from the given equation,
SA + SB = 460 m
19.44 t – 0.20 t2 + 5.56 t + 0.15 t2 = 460
0.05 t2 – 25 t + 460 = 0 → Quadratic Equation
And, solving for the time t, using Quadratic Equation Formula.
– b ± √ b2 – 4ac
t=
2a
– (– 25) ± √ (– 25)2 – 4 (0.05) (460)
t= Note:
2 (0.05)
1. Disregard the negative sign of
25 ± √ 625 – 92 25 ± 23.09 the time t, take the positive sign.
t= =
0.1 0.1 2. If there are two answers for the
25 + 23.09 time t, take the lesser number.
t= = 480.90 seconds
0.1
25 – 23.09
Use, t = = 19.10 seconds
0.1
Therefore: t = tA = tB = 19.10 seconds Answer
b. Solving the distance Car A has traveled, from Eq. 1,
Therefore: SA = 19.44 t – 0.20 t2 = 19.44 tA – 0.20 tA2
Substitute the value of tA,
SA = 19.44 (19.10) – 0.20 (19.10)2
SA = 371.304 – 72.962
SA = 298.34 m Answer
c. Solving the distance Car B has traveled,
Since: SA + SB = 460 m
SB = 460 m – SA
Therefore: substitute the value of SA, or , using Equation 2,
SB = 460 m – 298.34 m SB = 5.56 t + 0.15 t2
SB = 161.66 m Miiiinnn
Answer SB = 161.66 m Answer
Miiiinnnn n
d. Solving the relative velocity (VAB) of the two cars, using the equation formula.
VAB = VA + VB → opposite direction
Then, solving for VA and VB, using the Kinematic Equations Formula,
1. For VA, since: tA = tB = t = 19.10 s
Miiiinnn Miiiinnn
V =Miiiinnnn
V0 + at n Miiiinnnn n
VA = V0A + aA tA
VA = 19.44 m/s + - 0.40 m/s2 (19.10 s)
VA = 11.80 m/s
2. For VB,
V2 = V02 + 2 as
VB2 = V0B2 + 2 aB SB
VB = √ (5.56)2 m2/s2 + 2 (0.30 m/s2) (161.66m)
VB = √ 127.9096 m2/s2
VB = 11.31 m/s
Therefore: Solving the relative velocity of the two cars, substitute and simplify, from
the equation formula,
VAB = VA + VB
VAB = 11.80 m/s + 11.31 m/s
VAB = 23.11 m/s Answer
