Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon

Department of Mechanical Engineering

TITLE: - Experiment Write-Up (EW)

Doc No: - THERMO/ (202043)/SOP/EW/02
Experiment No: - 02
Aim: To determine coefficient of performance (COP) of ice plant/ Refrigerator
APPARATUS:-
Vapor compression test rig, stop watch, beaker.

SPECIFICATIONS OF TEST RIG:

1. Compressor: Kirloskar made, hermetically sealed compressor, 1/3 Hp. Rated voltage
and current: 220, 50 Hz, single phase, 3.1 Amp current.
Refrigerant:-R-134a (CH2FCF3).
Suction pressure: 0.32bar.
Discharge pressure: 12.6 bar.
Number of cylinders: one.
Displacement: 18.27 cc.
2. Condenser: Air cooled with fins.
3. Throttling device: thermostatic expansion valve, capillary tubes.
4. Evaporator: DX type freezer section and cooler section.
5. Heater energy meter: with constant 6400 pulses/kwh
6. compressor motor energy meter: with constant 6400 pulses/kwh

THEORY:-

REFRIGERATION:
It is defined as the process of removing heat from a body or enclosed space so that its
temperature is first lowered and then maintained at a temperature lower than the temperature
of surrounding.
The equipment used to maintain the required temperature is called refrigerating equipment.
The working substance used to produce refrigeration is called refrigerant i.e. R-12, R-22, R-
134a etc.

METHODS OF REFRIGERATION:
Various systems of refrigeration are as follows:-
1) Non cyclic refrigeration systems:
a) Refrigeration using ice.
b) Refrigeration by evaporation.
c) Refrigeration by dry ice.
2) Cyclic refrigeration systems:
a) Air refrigeration cycle.
b) Vapor refrigeration cycle.
c) Vapor absorption cycle.
3) other refrigeration system
a) Thermoelectric refrigeration system.
b) Steam jet refrigeration system.
c) Vortex tube refrigeration system.
d) Magnetic demagnetization.
e) Pulse tube refrigeration system
f) Thermoacastic refrigeration system.

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 Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Department of Mechanical Engineering
APPLICATIONS OF REFRIGERATION:
1) Manufacture of ice, Household Refrigerator, Preservation of perishable articles like
food and vegetables, medicine and serums.

VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM:

Vapor refrigeration system is commonly used for refrigeration. The working substance
is called as refrigerant. It uses ammonia, carbon dioxide (CO2), Freon (R-12) etc.
The schematic diagram of vapor refrigeration system is shown in figure. It
consists of four parts viz. compressor, condenser, throttle valve or capillary tube, and
evaporator.
The vapor from evaporator is sucked by the compressor, where it is compressed to a
high pressure and temperature with the expense of work supplied by the electric motor.
Compressed refrigerant at high pressure and temp.is passed to the condenser where it
rejects the latent heat to the cooling medium i.e. air or water at constant pressure. During this
process the refrigerant converted into liquid and discharged to receiver.
The liquid refrigerant at higher pressure from receiver is throttled to lower pressure in a
throttle valve. Some part of refrigerant evaporates in the throttle vale. Then this mixture is
supplied to the evaporator where it absorbs the latent heat of the substance and transform to
the Vapour.
Vapour from the evaporator is supplied to compressor, thus completing the cycle. The
schematic diagram of simple Vapour compression cycle is shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1 Schematics Diagram of Simple Vapour Compression Cycle

UNIT OF REFRIGERATION:
The rating of a refrigerating machine is given by a standard unit of refrigeration called as
tonne of refrigeration (TR).
A tonne of refrigeration is defined as the amount of refrigeration effect produced by the
uniform melting of one tonne (1000 kg) of ice from and at o˚ c in 24 hours.
Since the latent heat of ice is 335 kJ/kg, therefore one tonne of refrigeration,
1TR=1000 × 335 kJ in 24 hours
= ( 1000 × 335 )/( 24 × 60 )
= 232.6 kJ/min
In actual practice, one tonne of refrigeration is taken as equivalent to 210 kJ/min or 3.5 kW
( i.e. 3.5 kJ/s).

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 Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Department of Mechanical Engineering

COEFICENT OF PERFORMANCE OF REFRIGERATOR:

(COP) =Refrigerating effect/Net work done

COP= Q/W
= h1-h4/h2-h1

PRECAUTIONS:-
1. Before starting the equipment ensure that all the switches on control panel are in
‘off’position.
2. Check whether the refrigerant is charged sufficiently or not.see that there is no
leakage.
3. See that known quantity of water is filled in the cooler section as well as in freezer
section.

PROCEDURE:
1. Start the Vapour compression refrigeration test rig.
2. Note down the quantity of water in evaporator and its temp.
3. Note down the time taken for 5 revolutions of energy meter disk for compressor and
fan.
4. keep the apparatus as it is for an hour.
5. Note the pressure and temperature at various points after each 15 min.
Also note down the temp of water in freezer and cooler at each set of reading.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. Temperature (°C ) Pressure (Psi)

No. T1 T2 T3 T4 Comp. (P2) Evap. (P1)

Calculations:-

RESULT:
1. (COP)th = ……….

CONCLUSION:

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 Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Theoretical COP of a simple vapour compression cycle (VCC) =

References:
1. P.K.Nag , Engineering Thermodynamics, TMH Publication
2. R.K.Rajput, Thermal Engineering, Laxmi Publication

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Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Department of Mechanical Engineering