unit 1 : Present continuous ( i am doing ) or with contraction ( i'm doing )

study this example situation :

sarah is in her car , she is on her way to work

she is driving to work . ( = She is driving to work )

this means : she is driving now , at the time of speaking . *the action is not
finished*

form :

am/is/are + ing is the present continuous :

i am ---) i'm ---) driving / you are ---) you're ---) driving

he/she/it is ---) he's/she's/it's ---) working

we are /you are /they are ---) we're/you're/they're ---) doing

rule :

i am doing something = i started doing it and i have not finished , i'm in the
middle of doing it .

for example :

1 -Please don't make so much noise , i'm trying to work (not try)

2 - where is Mark ? he is having a shower

3 - let's go out now . it isn't raining any more ( not doesn't rain )

4 - how's your new job? are you enjoying it ?

5 - what's all that noise ? what's going on ? or what's happening ?

*Sometimes the action is not happening at the time of speaking* , for example:

Steve is talking to a friend on the phone , he says:

i'm reading a really good book at the moment it's about a man who ......

Steve says ,i'm reading .... but he is not reading the book at the time of speaking
.

he means that he has started reading the book , but has not finished it yet , he is
in the middle of reading it

Some more example :

kate wants to work in italy , so she is learning italian

Some friends of mine are building their own house , they hope to finish it next
summer .

You can use the present continuous with *Today*/this week/this year etc . (periods
around now ) :
A : you are working hard today / ( not you work hard today )

b : yes , i have a lot to do

C : the campany i work for isn't doing so well this year .

*We use the present continuous when we talk about a change that has started to
happen . we often use

these verbs in this way .

Getting , Becoming Changing , Improving

Starting , beginning Increasing , Rising , Falling , Growing

is your English getting better ? ( not does your English get better )

the population of the world is increasing very fast ( not increases )

at first i didn't like my job , but i'm starting to enjoy it now ( not i start )

Exercices

1-1 What's happening in the pictures ? choose from these verbs:

1 - .......... a picture . 4 - ............ his head .

2 - He.......... a shoelace . 5 - ............ behind a tree .

3 - ............. the road . 6 - ............ to somebody .

1-2 The sentences on the right follow those on the left , which sentence goes with
which ?

1 - Please don't make so much noise . a - i'm getting

hungry .

2 - We need to leave soon . b - They're

lying .

3 - i don't have anywhere to live right now . c - it's

starting to rain .

4 - i need to eat something soon . d - They're

trying to sell it .

5 - they don't need their car any more . e - it's getting

late .

6 - things are not so good at work . f - i'm trying

to work .

7 - it is not true what they say . g - i'm staying

with friends .

8 - we're going to get wet . h - the company

is losing money .

1-3 Write questions . Use the present continuous .

1- What's all that noise .......................(what/happen?)

2- what's the matter ?.......................... (why/you/cry)

3- where's your mother ?.........................(she/work/today?)

4- i haven't seen you for ages...................(what/you/do/these days?)

5- amy is a student ............................ (What/she/study?)

6- Who are those people ? ...................... (what/they/do?)

7- i heard you started a new job ............... (you/enjoy/it?)

8- we're not in a hurry ........................ (why/you/walk/sofast?)

1-4 put the verb into the correct from , positive (i'm doing etc..) or negative
(i'm not doing etc.).

1-Please don't make so make much noise, ......... (i/try) to work .

2- let's go out now , ........ (it/rain) any more.

3- you can turn off the radio , ............. (i/listen) to it .

4- kate phoned last night she's on holiday with friends , ......... ( she/have) a
great time and doesn't want to come back

5- Andrew started evening classes recently , ........ (he/learn) Japanese.

6- Paul and sarah have had an argument and now , ........... (they/speak) to one
another

7- the situation is already very bad and now .......... ( it/get) worse

8- Tim ...................... (work) today.he is taken the day off .

9- .......................... (i/look) for Sophie. Do you know where she is ?

10-The washing machine has been repaired ............... (it/work) now .

11- .......... (they/build) a new hospital.it will be finished next year .

12-Ben is a student , but he is not very happy. ................ (he/enjoy) his

course.

13-.................................... ( the weather/change). Look at those clouds

, i think it's going to rain .

14-dan has been in the same job for a long time . ........... ( he/start) to get
bored with it .

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unit 2

*Present simple* ( *I do* )

Study this example situation:

Alex is a bus driver,but now he is in bed asleep.

He is not driving a bus . ( he is asleep )

but he drives a bus . He is a bus driver .

drive(s),work(s),do(es)etc.is the present simple:

I/We/You/They Drive/Work/Do etc

He/She/It drives/Works/Does etc

we use the present simple to talk about things in general . we use it to say that
something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in
general :

Nurses Look after patients in hospitals.

I Usually go away at weekends.

the earth goes round the sun.

the cafe opens at 7.30 in the morning.

we say :

I work but he works you go but it goes

they teach but my sister teaches I have but he has

We use Do/Does to make questions and negatives sentences :

Do I / we / you / they work ? -----) I / We / You / They Don't work

Does he / she / it drive ? -----) He / She / It Doesn't drive

I come from canada , where do you come from ?

I Don't go away very often

What does this word mean ? ( not What means this word?)

Rice doesn't grow in cold climates.

in the following example,do is also the main verb (do you do / doesn't do etc)

'What do you do?' 'I work in a shop'

He's always so lazy . He doesn't do anything to help .

 We use the present simple to say how often we do things :

I get up at 8 o'clock every morning .

how often do you go to the dentist ?

Julie doesn't drink tea very often .

Robert usually goes away two or three times a year.

I Promise / I apologise etc.

sometimes we do things by saying something , For example , when you promise to do

something .

you can say I promise ... ; when you suggest something , you can say ' I
suggest ...;

I promise i won't be late , ( not i'm promising )

what do you suggest i do ? ' I suggest that you ...;

in the same way we say : i apologise ... / I advise ... / I insist / I agree ... /
I refuse ... etc .

I - Exercises

A - Complete the sentences using the following verbs :

Cause(s) - Close(s) - Connect(s) - go(es) - live(s) - live(s) - speak (s)

- take (s)

1 - Tanya ( ) German very Well

2 - Ben and Jack ( ) to the same school.

3 - Bad driving ( ) many accidents

4 - The museum ( ) at 4 o'clock on Sundays.

5 - My parents ( ) in a very small flat.

6 - The olympic games ( ) place every four years .

7 - The panama canal ( ) the Atlantic and pacific oceans ‫المحيطين األطلسي والهادئ‬

II - Exercises

B - Put the verb into the correct form .

1 - Julia ( not/drink ) tea very often .

2 - What time ( the banks/close ) it much

3 - I have a car , but i ( not/use ) not/use it much.

4 - where ( Maria/come ) from ? is she spanish ?

4 - what ( You/do ) ? 'i'm an electrician' .

5 - Look at this sentence . What ( this word/mean ) ?

6 - David isn't fit . He ( not/do ) any sport .

7 - ...............( it/ take ) you ?

III - Exercises

C - complete the sentences using these verbs . Sometimes you need the negative.

*Believe* *Eat* *Flow* *Go* *~Grow~* *Make* *Rise*

*Tell* *Translate*

A) The earth ( ) round the sun

B) Rice ( does not grow ) in clod climates.

C) The sun ( ) in the east .

D) Bees ( ) Honey .

E) Vegetarians ( ) meat .

F) An atheist ( ) in God .

IIII - Exercises .

You ask Lisa questions about herself and her family . Write the questions.

A) You Know That lisa plays tennis . You want to know how often . Ask her.
How often (do you play tennis) ?

B) Perhaps lisa's sister plays tennis too. you want to know. Ask Lisa
-------------- Your sister------------------------ ?

C) You know that Lisa goes to the cinema a lot . you want to know how often.Ask
her.
------------------------------------------------------------------------?

D) You know that Lisa's brother works. You want to know what he does.Ask Lisa.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------?

E) You are not sure whether Lisa speaks Spanish. You want to know . Ask her
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?

F) You don't know where Lisa's grandparents live. You want to know . Ask Lisa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------?

2-5 complete using following:

I agree I apologise I insist I promise I recommend I
suggest

A) Mr Evans is not in the office today ( ) you try calling him tomorrow

B) I won't tell anybody what you said ( ) .

C) ( in a restaurant ) You must let me pay for the meal ( )

D) ( ) for what i said . i shouldn't have said it .

E) The new restaurant in baker street is very good ( ) it .

F) i think you are absolutely right ( ) with you.

Unit 3 Past simple ( i did )

A-Study this example :

Wolfgang Amadeus Mazart was an Austrian

Musician and composer . He lived from 1756 to 1791 . He Started composing at the
age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music

He was only 35 years old when he died .

Lived / started / Wrote / Was / Died are all past simple.

B- Very often the past simple ends in *-ed* ( regular verbs )

i work in a travel agency now . Before that i worked in a department store.

They invited us to their party , but we decided not to go

The police Stopped me on my way home last night.

Laura passed her exam because she studied very hard.

but many verbs are irregular . The past simple does not end in -ed For example :

Write ----) Wrote Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music .

See ----) Saw We saw Alice in town a few days ago .

Go ----) went i Went to the cinema three times last week

shut ----) shut It was cold , so i shut the window

in question and negative sentences we use did/didn't + infinitive ( enjoy/see/go

etc.)

I enjoyed did you enjoy ? i didn't enjoy

she saw did she see ? she didn't see

they went did they go ? they didn't go

I enjoyed the party a lot . Did you enjoy it ?

How many people did they invite to the wedding ?

I didn't buy anything because i didn't have any money

Did you go out ? No , i didn't .

Sometimes do is the main verb in the sentence ( did you do ? , i didn't do )

What did you do at the weekend ? ( not What did you at the weekend?)

i didn't do anything ( not i didn't anything )

The past of be ( am/is/are ) is was/were

i/he/she/it was/wasn't was I/he/she/it ?

We/you/they were/weren't were we/you/they ?

I was annoyed because they were late

Was the weather good when you were on holiday ?

I wasn't hungry , so i didn't eat anything.

They weren't able to come because they were so busy.

did you go out last night or were you too tired ?

Exercises

1 - Read What laura says about a typical working day :

I usually get up at 7 o'clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work , Which
takes me about half an hour . i start work at 8.45 .
i never have lunch . i finish work at 5 o'clock . i'm always when i get home. i
usually cook a meal in the evening i don't usually go out.
i go to bed at about 11 o'clock, and i always sleep well.

Yesterday was a typical working day for laura. Write what she did or didn't do
yesterday .

1 - she got up at 7 o'clock.

2 - she ( ) a big breakfast

3 - she ( ) .

3 - it ( ) to get to work .

5 - ( ) at 8.45.

6 - ( ) lunch.

7 - ( ) at 5 o'clock.

8 - ( ) tired when ( ) home

9 - ( ) a meal yesterday evening

10 - ( ) out yesterday evening .

11 - ( ) at 11 o'clock.

12 - ( ) well last night

Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form :

1 - Mozart ( ) more than 600 Pieces of music .

2 - how did you learn to drive ? My father ( ) me

3 - We couldn't afford to keep our car , so we ( ) it

3 - Dave ( ) down the stairs this morning and ( ) his leg

5 - Joe ( ) the ball to sue , who ( ) it

6 - kate ( ) a lot of money yesterday . she ( ) a dress which (

) 100$

You ask james about his holiday in the Us . Write your questions.

You : Where ( ) ?
James : To the Us. We went on a trip from San francisco to Denver.

You : How ( ) ? By car ?

James : Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco.

You : It's a long way to drive , How long ( ) ?

James : Two weeks. We stopped at a lot of places along the way.

You : Where ( ) ? in Hotels ?

James : Yes, small Hotels or motels.

You : ( ) good ?
James : Yes , but it was very hot - sometimes too hot

You : ( ) the Grand Canyon ?

James : of course . It was wonderful.
Complete the sentences . Put the verb into to the correct form , positive or
negative.

1 - it was warm , So i ( ) off my coat ( take )

2 - The film wasn't very good. i ( ) it much ( enjoy )

3 - i knew Sarah was busy, So i ( ) her . (disturb)

3 - We were very tired , so we ( ) the party early. (leave)

5 - it Was hard carrying the bags . They ( ) really heavy ( be )

6 - The bed was very uncomfortable. I ( ) well (sleep )

7 - This watch wasn't expensive . it ( ) much. (cost)

8 - The window was open and a bird ( ) into the room. (fly)

9 - I was in a hurry , so i ( ) time to call you ( have )

10 - i didn't like the hotel . The room ( ) very clean. (be)