Latihan Soal Exercises 4

Nama : Fitri Nur Faiqotul Ajizah

NIM : 4101422123
Mata Kuliah : Pengantar Statistika Matematika

1. For the discrete random variables defined in Exercise 1 of Chapter 3, tabulate:

(a) the joint pdf of 𝑌 and 𝑍.
(b) the joint pdf of 𝑍 and 𝑊.
Penyelesaian :
Pada Exercise 1 pada Chapter 4,
diperolehPDF Y :
𝑌(𝑒) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
𝑃[𝑌(𝑒)]
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
PDF Z :
𝑍(𝑒) −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
𝑃[𝑍(𝑒)]
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
PDF W :
𝑊(𝑒) 0 1 4 9
4 6 4 2
𝑃[𝑊(𝑒)]
16 16 16 16

(a) Joint PDF Y dan Z :

Y\Z -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Jumlah
2 1/256 1/128 3/256 1/64 3/256 1/128 1/256 1/16
3 1/128 1/64 3/128 1/32 3/128 1/64 1/128 1/8
4 3/256 3/128 9/256 3/64 9/256 3/128 3/256 3/16
5 1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16 3/64 1/32 1/64 1/4
6 3/256 3/128 9/256 3/64 9/256 3/128 3/256 3/16
7 1/128 1/64 3/128 1/32 3/128 1/64 1/128 1/8
8 1/256 1/128 3/256 1/64 3/256 1/128 1/256 1/16
Jumlah 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/16 1

(b) Joint PDF Z dan W :

W\Z -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Jumlah
0 1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16 3/64 1/32 1/64 1/4
1 3/128 3/64 9/128 3/32 9/128 3/64 3/128 3/8
4 1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16 3/64 1/32 1/64 1/4
9 1/128 1/64 3/128 1/32 3/128 1/64 1/128 1/8
Jumlah 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/16 1
2. In Exercise 2 of Chapter 3, a game consisted of rolling a die and tossing a coin. If 𝑋
denotesthe number of spots showing on the die plus the number of heads showing
on the coin, and if 𝑌 denotes just the number of spots showing on the die, tabulate
the joint pdf of 𝑋 and 𝑌
Penyelesaian :
PDF X :
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑓(𝑥) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 6 6 6 6 6 12

PDF Y :
𝑦 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝑓(𝑦) 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6

Joint PDF X dan Y :

X\Y 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/12
2 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
3 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
4 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
5 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
6 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
7 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/12
1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1
3. Five cards are drawn without replacement from a regular deck of 52 cards. Let X
represent the number of aces, Y the number of kings, and Z the number of queens
obtained. Give the probability of each of the following events :
a. 𝐴 = [𝑋 = 2]
b. 𝐵 = [𝑌 = 2]
c. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
d. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
e. 𝐴 given 𝐵
f. [𝑋 = 𝑥]
g. [𝑋 < 2]
h. [𝑋 ≥ 2]
i. [𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1]
j. Write an expression for the joint pdf of 𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍.

Penyelesaian:
𝑆 = 52.
𝑛 = 5.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu AS yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑋 = {1,2,3,4}.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu KING yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑌 = {1,2,3,4}.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu QUEEN yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑍 = {1,2,3,4}.

𝑛(𝑆) = (52
5
) = 2.598.960

a. 𝐴 = [𝑋 = 2]
𝑛(terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS) = (42) = 6.
𝑛(terpilih 3 dari 48 selain kartu AS) = (48
3
) = 17.296.
𝑛(𝐴) = 6 × 17.296 = 103.776.
𝑛(𝐴) 103.776
Jadi 𝑃(𝐴) = = 2.598.960 ≈ 0,0398 = 3,98%.
𝑛(𝑆)
b. 𝐵 = [𝑌 = 2]
𝑛(terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu KING) = (42) = 6.
𝑛(terpilih 3 dari 48 selain kartu KING) = (48
3
) = 17.296.
𝑛(𝐴) = 6 × 17.296 = 103.776.
𝑛(𝐵) 103.776
Jadi 𝑃(𝐵) = = 2.598.960 ≈ 0,0398 = 3,98%.
𝑛(𝑆)
c. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
𝑛(terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS) = 6.
𝑛(terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu KING) = 6.
𝑛(terpilih 1 dari 44 selain kartu AS dan KING) = (44
1
) = 44.
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 6 × 6 × 44 = 1.584.
𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 1.584
Jadi 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = = 2.598.960 ≈ 0,0006 = 0,06%.
𝑛(𝑆)
d. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0,0398 + 0,0398 − 0,0006 = 0,079 = 7,9%.
e. 𝐴 given 𝐵
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0,0006
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = = 0,0398 = 0,0015 = 0,15%.
𝑃(𝐴)
f. [𝑋 = 𝑥]
(𝑘 𝑁−𝑘
𝑥)( 𝑛−𝑥 )
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) =
(𝑁
𝑛)
𝑁 = banyak semua kartu = 52.
𝑘 = banyak semua kartu AS = 4.
𝑛 = jumlah kartu yang diambil tanpa pengembalian = 5.
𝑥 = jumlah kartu AS yang terambil.
Diperoleh,
(𝑘 𝑁−𝑘
𝑥)( 𝑛−𝑥 )
4
(𝑥 48
)(5−𝑥 )
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = = (52
; 𝑥 = 0,1,2,3,4.
(𝑁
𝑛) 5)
g. [𝑋 < 2]
(40)(48
5) (41)(48
4)
𝑃(𝑋 < 2) = 𝑃[𝑋 = 0] + 𝑃[𝑋 = 1] = (52
+ (52
≈ 0,658842.
5) 5)
h. [𝑋 ≥ 2]
(42)(48
3) (43)(48
2) (44)(48
1)
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) = 𝑃[𝑋 = 2] + 𝑃[𝑋 = 3] + 𝑃[𝑋 = 4] = (52
+ (52
+ (52
.
5) 5) 5)
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) ≈ 0,04162.
 i. [𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1]
𝑛(terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS) = 6.
𝑛(terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu KING) = 6.
𝑛(terpilih 1 dari 4 kartu QUEEN) = (41) = 4.
𝑛(𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1) = 6 × 6 × 4 = 144.
Jadi
𝑛(𝑋=2,𝑌=2,𝑍=1) 144
𝑃(𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1) = = 2.598.960 ≈ 0,000055 = 0,0055%.
𝑛(𝑆)

j. Write an expression for the joint pdf of 𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍.

𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥, 𝑌 = 𝑦, 𝑍 = 𝑧)
4 4 4 52−4−4−4 4 4 4 40
(𝑥 )(𝑦)(𝑧)( 5−𝑥−𝑦−𝑧 ) (𝑥 )(𝑦)(𝑧)(5−𝑥−𝑦−𝑧 )
𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍) = (52
= (52
5) 5)

4. In reference to Example 4.2.1, find the probability for each of the following events.
a. Exactly five red and two white.
b. Exactly five red and two pink.

Penyelesaian :
Berdasarkan Example 4.2.1 diperoleh

(400
𝑥
) (400
𝑥
200
) (10−𝑥 −𝑥
)
1 2 1 2
𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) =
(1000
10
)

Formula tersebut dapat diperumum menjadi :

(400
𝑥
) (400
𝑥
) (200
𝑥
)
1 2 3
𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ) =
(1000
10
)

𝑋1 = banyak bibit bunga merah yang terambil.

𝑋2 = banyak bibit bunga putih yang terambil.
𝑋3 = banyak bibit bunga pink yang terambil.
𝑛 = 10.
a. [𝑋1 = 5, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3]
(400 400 200
5 )( 2 )( 3 )
𝑓(5,2,3) = (1000
≈ 0,0331123 = 3,31%.
10 )
Jadi, peluang terambilnya tepat 5 bibit bunga merah dan 2 bibit bunga putih yang
diambil secara acak tanpa pengembalian adalah sekitar 3,31%.
b. [𝑋1 = 5, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 2]
(400 400 200
5 )( 3 )( 2 )
𝑓(5,3,2) = (1000
≈ 0,066559 = 6,66%.
10 )
Jadi, peluang terambilnya tepat 5 bibit bunga merah dan 2 bibit bunga pink yang
diambil secara acak tanpa pengembalian adalah sekitar 6,66%.
5. Rework Exercise 3, assuming that the cards were drawn with replacement.
Penyelesaian :
𝑆 = 52.
𝑛 = 5.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu AS yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑋 = {1,2,3,4}.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu KING yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑌 = {1,2,3,4}.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu QUEEN yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑍 = {1,2,3,4}.
𝑛(𝑆) = (52
5
) = 2.598.960
a. 𝐴 = [𝑋 = 2]
4 1
Peluang terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS = 𝑝 = 52 = 13.
1 2 1 5−2 1 2 12 3
𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = (𝑝)𝑥 (1 − 𝑝)𝑛−𝑥 = (13) (1 − 13) = (13) (13) .
𝑃(𝑋 = 2) ≈ 0,465401 ≈ 46,54%.
b. 𝐵 = [𝑌 = 2]
4 1
Peluang terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu KING = 𝑝 = 52 = 13.
1 2 1 5−2 1 2 12 3
𝑃(𝑌 = 2) = (𝑝)𝑥 (1 − 𝑝)𝑛−𝑥 = (13) (1 − 13) = (13) (13) .
𝑃(𝑌 = 2) ≈ 0,465401 ≈ 46,54%.
c. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) ≈ 0,465401 × 0,465401 ≈ 0,21660 ≈ 21%.
d. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) ≈ 0,465401 + 0,465401 = 0,930802 ≈ 93%.
e. 𝐴 given 𝐵
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0,21660
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = ≈ 0,930802 ≈ 0,46540 ≈ 46,54%.
𝑃(𝐴)
f. [𝑋 = 𝑥]
1 𝑥 12 5−𝑥
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = (13) (13) ; 𝑥 = 0,1,2,3,4.
g. [𝑋 < 2]
1 0 12 5 1 1 12 4
𝑃(𝑋 < 2) = 𝑃[𝑋 = 0] + 𝑃[𝑋 = 1] = (13) (13) + (13) (13) .
12 5 1 1 12 4
𝑃(𝑋 < 2) = (13) + (13) (13) ≈ 0,781873 ≈ 78%.
h. [𝑋 ≥ 2]
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 < 2) ≈ 1 − 0,781873 = 0,218127.
i. [𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1]
1 2 1 2 1 1 1 5
𝑃[𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1] = (13) (13) (13) = (13) .
j. Write an expression for the joint pdf of 𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍.
1 𝑥 1 𝑦 1 𝑧
𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥, 𝑌 = 𝑦, 𝑍 = 𝑧) = (13) (13) (13) .
6. An ordinary six-sided die is rolled 12 times. If 𝑋1 the number of I’s, 𝑋2 is the number
of 2’s, and so on, give the probability for each of the following events:
a. [𝑋1 = 2, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 1, 𝑋4 = 0, 𝑋5 = 4, 𝑋6 = 2]
b. [𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 𝑋3 = 𝑋4 = 𝑋5 = 𝑋6 ]
c. [𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4]
d. Write an expression for the joint pdf of 𝑋1 , 𝑋3 , 𝑋5
Penyelesaian :
From the given information an ordinary die is rolled 12 times
Let 𝑛 = 12 represent the number of times die is rolled.
Let 𝑥1 represent the number of 1’s.
Let 𝑥2 represent the number of 1’s.
Let 𝑥3 represent the number of 1’s.
Let 𝑥4 represent the number of 1’s.
Let 𝑥5 represent the number of 1’s.
Let 𝑥6 represent the number of 1’s.
a. Consider 𝑃(𝑋1 = 2, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 1, 𝑋4 = 0, 𝑋5 = 4, 𝑋6 = 2)
This is a Multinomial Distributon Probability of getting the number “i” in one
1
roll= 6
𝑃(𝑋1 = 2, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 1, 𝑋4 = 0, 𝑋5 = 4, 𝑋6 = 2) =
12! 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 4 1 2
( ) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) = 0,000382
2!×2!×2!×2!×2!×2! 6
b. Consider 𝑃(𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 𝑋3 = 𝑋4 = 𝑋5 = 𝑋6 )
This is a Multinomial Distributon Probability of getting the number “i” in one
1
roll= 6. Hence 𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 𝑋3 = 𝑋4 = 𝑋5 = 𝑋6 implies all 𝑥𝑖 = 2
𝑃(𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 𝑋3 = 𝑋4 = 𝑋5 = 𝑋6 ) =
12! 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
( ) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) = 0,0003438
2!×2!×2!×2!×2!×2! 6
c. Consider 𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4)
This is a Multinomial Distributon Probability of getting the number “i” in one
1
roll= 6. The above probability implies that number of 5’s + number of 6’s=2
(since in all there are 12 throws). That is,
(𝑋5 , 𝑋6 ) = (0,2) or (1,1) or (2,0)
𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4) =
𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4, 𝑋5 = 0, 𝑋6 = 2) + 𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3
= 3, 𝑋4 = 4, 𝑋5 = 1, 𝑋6 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4
= 4, 𝑋5 = 2, 𝑋6 = 0)
This expression can be written as,
 12!
1!×2!×3!×4!×0!×2!
1 12 12!
= (16) 1!×2!×3!×4!×1!×1!
12!
(1!×2!×3!×4!×2!×1!)
= 0,00153
d. Consider expression for joint probability distribution function of 𝑋1 , 𝑋3and 𝑋5
This is a Multinomial Distribution
Let ‘n’ be the total number of throws of the die.
We assume 𝑥1 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥5 = 𝑛 that is the throws will result only in 1,3, or 5
Let 𝑥1 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥5 be the number of 1s,3s, and 5s
Then the joint probability distribution function of 𝑋1 , 𝑋3and 𝑋5 is given by,
𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥5 )
𝑛! 1 𝑥1 +𝑥3+𝑥5 3 12−𝑥1−𝑥3−𝑥5
= ( ) ( )
𝑥1 ! × 𝑥3 ! × 𝑥5 ! × (12 − 𝑥1 ! − 𝑥3 ! − 𝑥5 !) 6 6

For 𝑥1 ≥ 0, 𝑥3 ≥ 0, 𝑥5 ≥ 0 and 𝑥1 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥5 ≤ 𝑛

7. Misalkan 𝑋1 dan 𝑋2 adalah variable acak diskrit dengan bentuk pdf bersama
𝑓( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = 𝑐( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) 𝑥1 = 0,1,2; 𝑥2 = 0,1,2 dan nol lainnya. Cari konstanta
c.
Penyelesaian:
Untuk mencari konstanta c, kita perlu menggunakan fakta bahwa fungsi kerapatan
probabilitas bersama (pdf) dari dua variabel acak diskrit harus memenuhi kondisi
berikut:
∑ 𝑓( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = 1
di mana jumlahnya diambil dari semua nilai yang mungkin dari 𝑥1 dan 𝑥2 . Oleh
karena itu, kita memiliki:
∑ 𝑐( 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ) 𝑥1 = 0,1,2; 𝑥2 = 0,1,2 = 1
Untuk menghitung jumlah ini, pertama-tama kita dapat memperbaiki nilai dan
menjumlahkan semua kemungkinan nilai :
∑ 𝑥1 = 02 𝑐( 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ) = 𝑐( 0 + 𝑥2 ) + 𝑐( 1 + 𝑥2 ) + 𝑐( 2 + 𝑥2 )
Sekarang kita dapat menjumlahkan semua kemungkinan nilai 𝑥2 :
∑ 𝑥2 = 02 ∑ 𝑥1 = 02 𝑐( 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ) = 02 [𝑐( 0 + 𝑥2 ) + 𝑐( 1 + 𝑥2 ) + 𝑐( 2 + 𝑥2 )]

= 𝑐( 0 + 0) + 𝑐( 1 + 0) + 𝑐( 2 + 0) + 𝑐( 0 + 1) + 𝑐 + 𝑐( 2 + 1)
+𝑐( 0 + 2) + 𝑐( 1 + 2) + 𝑐( 2 + 2)
= 0 + 𝑐 + 2𝑐 + 𝑐 + 2𝑐 + 3𝑐 + 2𝑐 + 3𝑐 + 4𝑐 = 18𝑐
Karena jumlah ini harus sama dengan 1, kita memiliki:
18𝑐 = 1
1
𝑐=
18
 1
Oleh karena itu, konstanta c adalah , dan gabungan pdf dari 𝑋1dan 𝑋2 adalah:
18
𝑥1 +𝑥2
𝑓( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = for 𝑥1 = 0,1,2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥2 = 0,1,2 dan nol lainnya.
18

8. If 𝑋 and 𝑌 are diacrete random variables with join pdf.

2𝑥+𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐 𝑥 = 0,1,2, … ; 𝑦 = 0,1,2, … And zero otherwise.
𝑥!𝑦!
a. Find the constant 𝑐.
b. Find the marginal pdf’s of 𝑋 and 𝑌.
c. Are 𝑋 and 𝑌 independent? Why or why not?

Penyelesaian :
a. Find the constant 𝑐.
Perhatikan tabel di bawah ini.

Berdasarkan teorema 4.2.1

A function 𝑓( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … 𝑥𝑘 )is the joint pdf for some vector-valued random variable
𝑋=
(𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … 𝑋𝑘 ) if and only if the following properties are satisfied:
𝑓( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … 𝑥𝑘 ) ≥ 0 for all possible values ( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … 𝑥𝑘 )
And
∑ 𝑥1 … . ∑ 𝑥𝑘 𝑓( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … 𝑥𝑘 ) = 1
Maka
2𝑥+𝑦
∑𝑥 ∑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐 =1
𝑥!𝑦!
⟺ ∑𝑥 ∑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 1
⟺ 25𝑐 = 1
1
⟺ 𝑐 = 25
1
Jadi, nilai konstanta c adalah 25
b. Find the marginal pdf’s of 𝑋 and 𝑌.
𝑓𝑥 (𝑥) = ∑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) dengan 𝑦 = 0,1,2
1 2𝑥+𝑦
⟺ 𝑓𝑥 (𝑥) = ∑𝑦 25 × 𝑥!𝑦!
5 10 10
⟺ 𝑓𝑥 (𝑥) = 25 + 25 + 25
⟺ 𝑓𝑥 (𝑥) = 1
 𝑓𝑦 (𝑦) = ∑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) dengan 𝑥 = 0,1,2
1 2𝑥+𝑦
⟺ 𝑓𝑦 (𝑦) = ∑𝑥 25 × 𝑥!𝑦!
5 10 10
⟺ 𝑓𝑦 (𝑦) = 25 + 25 + 25
⟺ 𝑓𝑦 (𝑦) = 1
c. Are 𝑋 and 𝑌 independent? Why or why not?
Yes, 𝑋 dan 𝑌 independent. Karena syarat independent adalah 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦)
Dan
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓𝑥 (𝑥)𝑓𝑦 (𝑦)
25
⟺ = (1)(1)
25
⟺1=1

9. Let 𝑋1and 𝑋2 be discrete random variables with joint pdf 𝑓( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) given by the
following table:

a. Find the marginal pdf’s of 𝑋1and 𝑋2

b. Are 𝑋1and 𝑋2 independent? Why or why not?
c. Find 𝑃[𝑋1 ≤ 2]
d. Find 𝑃[𝑋1 ≤ 𝑋2 ]
e. Tabulate the conditional pdf’s, 𝑓( 𝑥2 | 𝑥1 ) and 𝑓( 𝑥1 | 𝑥2 )
Penyelesaian:
a. Marginal pdf’s of 𝑋1and 𝑋2 is

1
b. 𝑋1dan 𝑋2 tidak independent karena ada 𝑓(1,1) = 12 ≠ 𝑓(1)𝑓(1)
1 14 101
c. 𝑃[𝑋1 ≤ 2] = 4 + 45 = 180
 25 25
d. 𝑃[𝑋1 ≤ 𝑋2 ] = 𝑃[𝑋1 = 𝑋2 ] + 𝑃[𝑋1 < 𝑋2 ] = 0 + =
36 36
𝑓(𝑥1, 𝑥2 )
e. Conditional pdf’s, 𝑓( 𝑥2 | 𝑥1 ) = , 𝑥1 = 1,2,3
𝑓1 (𝑥1 )
1. If 𝑥1 = 1, then
1
𝑓(1,1) 1
• 𝑓( 1| 1) = = 12
1 =3
𝑓1 (1)
4
𝑓(2,1) 0
• 𝑓( 1| 2) = = 14 =0
𝑓1 (2)
15
1
𝑓(3,1) 180
• 𝑓( 1| 3) = = 18
79 = 1501
𝑓1 (3)
180
2. If 𝑥2 = 2, then
1
𝑓(1,2) 1
• 𝑓( 2| 1) = = 6
1 =3
𝑓1 (1)
4
1
𝑓(2,2) 15
• 𝑓( 2| 2) = = 9
14 = 126
𝑓1 (2)
15
1
𝑓(3,2) 45
• 𝑓( 2| 3) = = 4
79 = 79
𝑓1 (3)
180
3. If 𝑥2 = 3, then
𝑓(1,3) 0
• 𝑓( 3| 1) = = 1 =0
𝑓1 (1)
4
1
𝑓(2,3) 3
• 𝑓( 3| 2) = = 5
14 = 14
𝑓1 (2)
15
2
𝑓(3,3) 12
• 𝑓( 3| 3) = = 15
79 = 79
𝑓1 (3)
180

𝑓(𝑥1 ,𝑥2 )
Conditional pdf’s, 𝑓( 𝑥1 | 𝑥2 ) = , 𝑥2 = 1,2,3
𝑓2 (𝑥2 )

1. If 𝑥1 = 1, then
1
𝑓(1,1) 4
• 𝑓( 1| 1) = = 12
5 = 45
𝑓2 (1)
16
1
𝑓(1,2) 6
• 𝑓( 1| 2) = = 6
19 = 19
𝑓2 (2)
36
𝑓(1,3) 0
• 𝑓( 1| 3) = = 1 =0
𝑓2 (3)
3
2. If 𝑥2 = 2, then
𝑓(2,1) 0
• 𝑓( 2| 1) = = 5 =0
𝑓2 (1)
16
1
𝑓(2,2) 4
• 𝑓( 2| 2) = = 9
19 =
𝑓2 (2) 19
36
1
𝑓(2,3) 3
• 𝑓( 2| 3) = = 5
1 =5
𝑓2 (3)
3
3. If 𝑥2 = 3, then
1
𝑓(3,1) 8
• 𝑓( 3| 1) = = 18
5 = 45
𝑓2 (1)
16
 1
𝑓(3,2) 9
• 𝑓( 3| 2) = = 4
19 = 19
𝑓2 (2)
36
2
𝑓(3,3) 2
• 𝑓( 3| 3) = = 15
1 =5
𝑓2 (3)
3

10. Two cards are drawn at random without replacement from an ordinary deck. Let 𝑋 be
the number of hearts and 𝑌 the number of black cards obtained.
a. Write an expression of the joint pdf, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
b. Tabulate the joint CDF, 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
c. Find the marginal pdf’s, 𝑓1 (𝑥) and 𝑓2 (𝑦)
d. Are 𝑋 and 𝑌 independent?
e. Find 𝑃[𝑌 = 1|𝑋 = 1]
f. Find 𝑃[𝑌 = 𝑦|𝑋 = 1]
g. Find 𝑃[𝑌 = 1|𝑋 = 𝑥]
h. Tabulate find 𝑃[𝑋 + 𝑌 ≤ 𝑧];𝑧 = 0,1,2

Penyelesaian:
a. Write an expression of the joint pdf, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑥 = kartu hati
𝑦 = kartu hitam
Jumlah kartu = 52
Jumlah kartu hati = 13
Jumlah kartu hitam = 26
Probabilitas untuk mendapatkan 𝑋 kartu hati dan 𝑌 kartu hitam di 2
kartu
13
𝐶𝑥13 ×𝐶𝑦26 ×𝐶2−𝑥−𝑦
= dimana 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 dan 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 2
𝐶252
Jadi, joint PDF untuk 𝑥, 𝑦 adalah
13
𝐶𝑥13 ×𝐶𝑦26 ×𝐶2−𝑥−𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = dimana 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 dan 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 2
𝐶252
b. Tabulate the joint CDF untuk 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
Tabulate the joint PDF untuk 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)

Tabulate the joint CDF untuk 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)

c. Find the marginal pdf’s, 𝑓1 (𝑥) and 𝑓2 (𝑦)
39
𝐶𝑥13 ×𝐶2−𝑥
𝑓1 (𝑥) = 𝐶252
26
𝐶𝑦 ×𝐶2−𝑦26
𝑓2 (𝑦) = 52
𝐶2

d. Are 𝑋 and 𝑌 independent?

Tabel 𝑓1 (𝑥) × 𝑓2 (𝑦)

Seperti yang dapat dilihat, tidak ada nilai dalam tabel diatas yang sama
dengan nilai PDF (tabel di b). Maka 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓(𝑦). Jadi, 𝑋 dan 𝑌
tidak independent.
e. Find 𝑃[𝑌 = 1|𝑋 = 1]
𝑃[𝑌=1∩𝑋=1] 0,254902
𝑃[𝑌 = 1|𝑋 = 1] = = 0,382353 = 0,66667
𝑃[𝑋=1]
f. Find 𝑃[𝑌 = 𝑦|𝑋 = 1]
𝑃[𝑌=𝑦∩𝑋=1]
𝑃[𝑌 = 𝑦|𝑋 = 1] = 𝑃[𝑋=1]
𝑃[𝑌=0∩𝑋=1] 0,127451
1. 𝑃[𝑌 = 0|𝑋 = 1] = = 0,382353 = 0,3333
𝑃[𝑋=1]
𝑃[𝑌=1∩𝑋=1] 0,254902
2. 𝑃[𝑌 = 1|𝑋 = 1] = = 0,382353 = 0,66667
𝑃[𝑋=1]
𝑃[𝑌=2∩𝑋=1] 0
3. 𝑃[𝑌 = 2|𝑋 = 1] = = 0,382353 = 0
𝑃[𝑋=1]
g. Find 𝑃[𝑌 = 1|𝑋 = 𝑥]
𝑃[𝑌=𝑦∩𝑋=1]
𝑃[𝑌 = 𝑦|𝑋 = 1] = 𝑃[𝑋=1]
39
𝐶𝑥13 ×𝐶2−𝑥
𝑓1 (𝑥) = 𝐶252
𝑓(𝑥,𝑦)
𝑃[𝑌 = 𝑦|𝑋 = 1] = 𝑓1 (𝑥)
𝐶13 26 13
𝑥 ×𝐶𝑦 ×𝐶2−𝑥−𝑦
𝐶52
2
= 𝐶𝑥 ×𝐶39
13
2−𝑥
𝐶52
2
13
𝐶𝑦26 ×𝐶2−𝑥−𝑦
= 39 0≤𝑦 ≤2−𝑥
𝐶2−𝑥
h. Tabulate find 𝑃[𝑋 + 𝑌 ≤ 𝑧];𝑧 = 0,1,2

𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 ≤ 1) = 𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = 1)

= 0,05884 + (0,254902 + 0,127451)
= 0,441177
𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 ≤ 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = 1)+ 𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = 2)

= 0,05884 + 0,441177 + (0,254902 + 0,0588 + 0,245098)

= 0,999977