Science, Technology, and Society ground-breaking intellectual revolution

Notes: that turns the world into 360 degrees. It is

like strongly believing into something and
CHAPTER 1 someone destroyed what you are believing
GENERAL CONCEPTS AND for.
HISTORICAL EVENTS IN SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Scientific Revolution
Scientific revolution was the period of
LESSON 1: enlightenment when the developments in
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT different fields of science has transformed
DEFINED SOCIETY the views of the society about nature.
It is also defined as the golden age of
HOW CAN SCIENCE BE DEFINED? scholarly life in science field but some
rulers of religion did not accept many works
● SCIENCE AS AN IDEA of early scientists.
It includes ideas, theories, and all available
systematic explanations, and observations
about the natural and physical world. Historical Antecedents of Science and
Technology
● SCIENCE AS AN INTELLECTUAL
ACTIVITY HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND
It comprises the systematic and practical TECHNOLOGY
study of the natural and physical It is a field of study history which examines
world. The process of study involves humanity's understanding of natural world
systematic observation and (science) and the ability to manipulate it
experimentation. (technology) have changed over the
centuries. This academic discipline also
● SCIENCE AS A BODY OF studies the cultural, economic, and political
KNOWLEDGE impacts of scientific innovations.
Deals with the process of learning about the
natural and physical world. How do Science and the development of
Technology affect Society?
● SCIENCE AS A PERSONAL AND
SOCIAL ACTIVITY SOME INTELLECTUALS AND THEIR
Science is both knowledge and activities REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
done by humans, means to improve lifestyle
and survival. NICOLAUS
COPERNICUS
Revolution ● Renaissance man,
-The word Revolution in science refers to especially in the field of
the spinning of a matter around itself or science.
around the other matter. ● Appointed as a canon
at Frombork Cathedral
But in this topic, we will be dealing with the in Poland.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

● He was influenced by the book Epitome of the motions of stars and planets for over
(1492, Johaness Mueller). than a thousand years.
● His idea and model of the universe was
completed in 1510, and published his
manuscript Little Commentaries.
● The publication of On the Revolutions of
the Heavenly Spheres is often cited as
the start of Scientific Revolutions.
● The Catholic church banned in the 16th
century and was ignored by the Rome for
the rest of the century.

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
The story of the scientific revolution
begins with Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish Claudius Ptolemy's geocentric model of
astronomer and clergyman of the Roman the universe
Catholic Church. He is famous for
challenging geocentrism, the ancient idea
(made popular by Greek philosopher
Aristotle) that the earth is at rest in the
center of the cosmos.

Copernicus’s heliocentric model was

controversial among both Catholic and
Protestant Christians. Nonetheless, some
Christians were attracted to the theory, and
encouraged Copernicus to publish his work
when he was hesitant to do so. Among
these was Nikolaus von Schönberg, a Nicolaus Copernicus's heliocentric
retired Cardinal of the Roman Catholic model
Church.
Copernican Model
Claudius Ptolemy 2 Planetary Motion
Claudius Ptolemy was • The orbits of Venus and Mercury lay
a 2nd-century Greek inside the earth’s orbit
mathematician, •The orbits of Mars,
astronomer, and Saturn, and Jupiter
geographer famous lay outside the
for his controversial earth’s orbit
geocentric theory of
the universe, which CHARLES DARWIN
would form the basis ● Known for his
of our understanding theory of evolution.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

● He came from a line of intellectually ● They are known for their works in Early
gifted and wealthy families. Astronomy.
● He developed his interest in natural ● They are also known for measuring time
history during his time as a student at using calendar system.
Shrewsbury School. ● They also built hydraulics system to
● The 5-year voyage on Island of supply water to different communities.
Galapagos, Survival of the fittest, and Contributions:
Natural Selection 1. CHICHEN ITZA PYRAMID
● Published his book The Origin of Religious temples and structures are built
Species in 1589. for astronomical observations
● The book Descent of Man was so
impressive yet very controversial. 2. MAYAN CALENDARS
Use to predict ellipses, astronomical
SIGMUND FREUD cycles, and harvesting.
● Famous in the field
of psychology. 3. HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
● He studied the They built sophisticated waterways to
human's inner life is supply water to different communities
a scientific way to
study the human 4. MICA
mind and neurotic Mayans built looms for weaving cloth and
illness. devised a rainbow of glittery paints of made
● His method of from a mineral called mica.
psychoanalysis was
proven to be effective in understanding 5. FIRST RUBBER PRODUCTS
some neurological conditions that were not They were also the first people to produce
understood by medicine at his time. rubber products 3000 years before
Goodyear received its patent in 1844.
CRADLES IN EARLY SCIENCE
6. MAYAN HIEROGLYPHICS
Development of Science 1st a world civilization to use a writing
1. Mesoamerica system. They also developed the concept of
2. Asia zero and positive value.
3. Africa
II. INCA CIVILIZATION
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ● Roads paved with stones
MESOAMERICA ● Stone buildings that surmounted
➢ Maya civilization earthquakes
➢ Incan civilization ● Irrigation systems
➢ Aztec civilization ● Calendar with 12 months

I. MAYA CIVILIZATION
● One of the most famous civilizations that
lasted for approximately 2,000 years.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

Contributions: 6. INVENTION OF THE CANOES
1. FIRST SUSPENSION BRIDGE A light narrow boat used for traveling water
latest Incan suspension bridge systems.
located in Peru. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA
● The biggest continent in the world and
2. QUIPU home of many ancient civilization.
A system of knotted ropes to keep records ● Host of many cultural, economic, scientific
that only experts can interpret. and political activities of all ages.
○ India
3. INCA TEXTILE ○ China
Inca textile, since cloth, was one of the ○ Middle East Countries
specially priced artistic achievements.
I. ANCIENT INDIAN CIVILIZATION
III. AZTEC CIVILIZATION
Mandatory Education Metal works
The Aztecs value education so much. Their They are known for manufacturing iron and
children are mandated to get education in metallurgical works considered to be the
regardless of their social class, gender, or best and held with high regard in the whole
age. It is an early form of universal or Roman empire.
inclusive education.
Medicine
Contributions: ● Ayurveda- a system of traditional
1. CHOCOLATE medicine that originated in ancient India
Mexican Aztecs developed chocolate during before 2500 BC and is still practiced as a
their time, They used it as a currency. form of alternative
● Susruta Samhita - describes different
2. ANTISPASMODIC MEDICATIONS surgical and other medical procedures
They used this medication to prevent famous in Ancient India.
muscle spasms and relax muscles, which
could help during surgery. Astronomy
They developed theories on the
3. CHINAMPA configuration of the universe, the
It is a form of Aztec technology for spherical self-supporting Earth, and the year
agricultural farming. The land is divided into with 12 equal parts of 30 days each.
rectangular areas and surrounded by
canals. Mathematics
● Introduced a number of trigonometry
4. MANDATED EDUCATION functions, tables, and techniques as well as
Aztecs value their education so much. algorithms of algebra.
● Gravity was a force of attraction.
5. AZTEC CALENDARS ● Sangamagrama is considered as a
This enabled them to plan their activities, founder of mathematical analysis.
rituals, and planting seasons.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

II.EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATION Mathematics
● Mathematician, Muhammad Ibn Musa
Medicine al-khwarizmi gave his name to the concept
● The Chinese are known for their of algorithm.
traditional medicines such as the practice of ● Algebra- derived from the word al-jabr.
acupuncture. ● Arabic Numeral Systems originally came
from India.
Metal Works
● In terms of technology, their discoveries DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA
and inventions were compass, ● Africa is blessed with natural and mineral
papermaking, gunpowder, and printing resources, Europeans colonized it.
tools. ● The ancient Egyptian civilization has
● Invented tools like iron plough and contributed immensely and made significant
wheelbarrow. advances in the fields of astronomy,
● They developed the design of different mathematics, and medicine.
models of bridges. ● Egypt was known to be the center of
● They invented the first seismological alchemy.
detector.
Contributions:
Astronomy 1. 3 TYPES OF CALENDAR
● Made records on supernovas, lunar and Ancient Africans used 3 types of calendar,
solar eclipses, and comets. Lunar, Solar, and Stellar, or combination of
● They observed the heavenly bodies to the three.
understand weather changes and seasons.
● Used lunar calendars. 2. METALLURGY
● Known in seismology. The invented metal tools used in their
homes, in agriculture, and in building their
III. MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES magnificent architecture.
CIVILIZATION
3. THE LEBOMBO BONE
Medicine A bone tool used for mathematical
● Muslim scientists placed greater value on calculations.
scientific experiments.
● Muslim scientist, Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham Conclusion
is regarded as the father of modern optics ● The Scientific Revolution
(theory of light). significantly changed how people
● JABIR IBN HAYYAN: Father of Chemistry study science and do scientific
● IBN SINA: Pioneered the science of activities.
experimental medicine and the first
physician to conduct clinical trials. ● Many intellectuals made essential
● THE CANON OF MEDICINE: Standard contributions during the period of the
medicine textbook, contagious nature of scientific revolution
infectious disease and the introduction of
clinical pharmacology.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

● Science also developed in different
parts of the world, they invented
tools to help them in everyday life,
discovered medicine, and observed
heavenly bodies.

● Science also enabled human beings

to develop various technologies that
helped them in their everyday tasks
and chores.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

Chapter 1; Lesson 2 Archeological studies, shows that modern
SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY, AND man from Mainland Asia first come over
NATION-BUILDING crossing the narrow channels to live in
Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 BC.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES They found settlements in Sulu Islands,
At the end of the discussion, the students Davao, Zamboanga peninsula, Mainland
should be able to; Samar, and other provinces of the Philippine
discuss the role of the science and Archipelago.
technology in the Philippine nation-building;
evaluate government policies pertaining to INVENTIONS
science and technology in terms of their They made simple tools and weapons for
contributions to nation-building; and planting, hunting, cooking, and fishing.
identify actual science and technology They start producing adzes ornaments and
policies of the government and appraise accessories using seashells a s well a s
their impact on the development of the pottery, until Chinese started trading
Filipino nation porcelains.
Natives also learned to use technology to
TOPIC OUTLINE build houses, irrigations, and other tools for
MEANING OF NATION BUILDING their everyday life.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IRON AGE
BRIEF HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND They learn to weave cloth, make glass
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES ornaments, cultivate lowland rice and dike
FAMOUS FILIPINO SCIENTISTS fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water
in mountain regions.
INTRODUCTION They also learned to build boats for trading
The role of Science and Technology in purposes.
Nation-building In 10th Century AD, Early Filipinos started
The role that Science and Technology has trading with China, Indonesia, Japan,
played in improving the life of people across Malaysia and other nearby countries that
the globe are vital and has made life a lot have also influenced their lives by means of
easier and a lot better with the cultural and technological exchange.
advancement in medicine, remarkable
development in education,communication,
agriculture, business, and industry.
S & T holds the key to progress and
development of any nation. PRE-COLONIAL ERA
Without proper implementation of S & T, no Herbal Medicines Writing, numerical,
nation could grow. measurement and calendar systems.
Brief Historical Background of Science and Livelihood skills developed.
Technology in the Philippines BANAUE RICE TERRACES

STONE AGE SOCIAL CLASSES IN THE ANCIENT

PHILIPPINES

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

Nobles - composed of Rulers, their families, Manila, Miguel de Benavides, together with
occupied the highest class. Adressed as Fr. Domingo de Nieva and Fr. Bernardo de
Gat, Lakan, Raja, or Datu. Santa Catalina.
Freemen- working class.
Slaves- classified into 2; SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL
> Aliping Namamahay- Only served nobles The San Lazaro Hospital was established in
during planting and harvesting seasons. 1577 during the Spanish colonial period as
> Aliping Sagigilid- stay to their masters a dispensary clinic in Intramuros by Fr. Juan
dwelling, Commonly used as payment for Clemente, a Spanish priest. In 1578, it
debt. became a hospital which catered from
patients afflicted with leprosy and other
EDUCATION IN THE PRE-SPANISH ERA diseases. Thus, it is considered the oldest
There was no formal or systematic hospital in the Philippines.
education before the Spaniards
colonization.
Children were taught to read and write and SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNDER
count by their parents. SPANISH ERA
The purpose of their education is purely for The Philippines
survival. Father for hunting, fishing, and The study of medicine in the Philippines
farming, while mother was for household was given priority in the Spanish era,
management. especially in the later years. The Spanish
also contributed to the field of engineering in
The Philippines under Spanish Colonization the islands by constructing government
Spaniards influence to the Native Filipinos buildings, churches, roads, bridges and
forts. Biology is given focus. Trade in the
THE BEGINNING OF SCIENCE AND Philippines centered around the “Manila
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES galleons,” which sailed from Acapulco o n
the west coast of Mexico (New Spain) with
The establishments of schools for boys and shipments of silver bullion and minted coin
girls, introduced the concepts of subjects that were exchanged for return cargoes of
and discipline. Chinese goods, mainly silk textiles and
porcelain.
Where the learnings of human body, plants,
animals, and heavenly bodies began to
understood deeper.
Establishments constructed under Spanish
Rule
American Era and Commonwealth Era
UNIVERSITY OF STO TOMAS Science and Technology in the American
The University of Santo Tomas is one of the Colonization Era in the Philippines
oldest existing universities and holds the
oldest extant university charter in the PHILIPPINE CULTURE
Philippines and in Asia. It was founded on Government Democracy was the greatest
April 28, 1611, by the third Archbishop of legacy the Americans gave us.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

The government has three branches; Served as Military Reservation of US Army
Executive - President in the Philippine American war.
Legislative- Senate and Congress
Judiciary- Department of Justice
OTHER CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES UNDER AMERICAN ERA
Americans established modern
infrastructures, research institutions, and ENTERTAINMENT
constructed more public hospitals. Music and Dance

MINING INDUSTRY SPORTS

The mineral reserved of the Philippines Watch and Play
were also explored and exploited during
American times. The mining industry in the FASHION
country began in 1920, until the great Mode of dresses
depression in the United States arrived.
FOODS
CHANGES IN THE PHILIPPINE CULTURE Fast Food introduced
DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD
Transportation and Communication was INFRASTRUCTURE
improved. Streets, Boulevards, Bridges, Ports,
Americans built roads, streets, and bridges Airports, Expressways, Railroads
for efficient movement of products and
services. LIVELIHOOD
Examples; Improving agriculture, yields, thus
Burnham Park, Kennon Road, Camp John improving economy
Hay etc.
ATTITUDE
i ked More expressive on thoughts, rights,
epala and freedom
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE JOHN HAY
AIR BASE NORMS AND TRADITIONS
Baguio City in American era Pagmamano, Po and Opo
ya
kto The English Language was widely taught all
aling over the country. Soon, some English words
dua as became part of our vocabulary. Filipinos
Burnham Park, Baguio City adopted American names like Charlie,
Constructed in 1925 in Benguet, Baguio Anna, Francis, and Cherry
City
Kennon Road
construction commenced in 1903 Always Remember
Camp John Hay If you don't know history, then you don't
know anything.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

Michael Crichton

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE

PHILIPPINES AND IN THE I. SSHEIPG
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES,
EDUCATION, INTERNATIONAL POLICIES
POSITIVE IMPACTS AND GOVERNANCE
• Mechanization of farming for food
production Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic
• Water Pumps and sprinklers Education without adding to the curriculum.
• Genetically modified crops
• Fertilizers MOTHER TONGUE
• transportation and communication Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
• Internet
• Ways of learning LMS in gadgets FACILITIES
Developing school infrastructures and
NEGATIVE IMPACTS providing ICT broadband
•Depletion of Natural
•Resources Unmanageable and excessive FOOD SECURITY
wastes Local food security objectives
•Too much dependence on technology
Environmental II. MCPS
•damages MEDICAL, CHEMICAL, AND
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Government Policies Science and Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing

Technology firms with ASEANharmonized standards by
NCRP- 2015 full implementation of the Food and Drug
Administration
THE DOST ASKED FOR NCRP
ASSISTANCE IN RESPONSE TO THE EDUCATION COUNCIL
ASEAN 2015 AGENDA Creating an education council dedicated to
standardization of pharmaceutical services
The NCRP has consulted to various and care.
sections in the society to study how the
Philippines meeting the ASEAN 2015 RESEARCH
Goals. These cluster of policies aimed to Empowering food and drug agencies to
improve the competitiveness of the conduct evidence-based research as a pool
Philippines in the ASEAN Region. of information, allocating 2% of GDP to
research.

HGP

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Legislating a law supporting human genome
projects.
III. PEIRESSM
PHYSICS, ENGINEERING, AND
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, EARTH AND Why is the country looking forward to
SPACE SCIENCES, AND MATHEMATICS embark various research and projects?

Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and Review the following:

employment opportunities Use of alternative and safe energy
harnessing mineral resources finding
PEER MONITORING cure for various diseases and illnesses
Outright grants of peer monitoring. Climate change and global warming
Increasing food production
R.A. 9184 Preservation of natural resources
Review of the R.A. 9184 Coping with natural disasters and calamities
Infrastructural development
SCIENCE AND TECH
addressing Science and Technology as an FUN FACT:
Independent mover of development Did you know that you can’t sink in the
Dead Sea? It has 8 to 9 times more salt
than all the other oceans and seas, creating
a buoyancy that causes you to float.
IV. BSAF
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, AGRICULTURE,
AND FORESTRY

Protection and conservation of biodiversity

by full implementation of existing laws.

BIOSAFETY
The use of biosafety and standard model by
ASEAN Countries.

INDIGENOUS GROUP
Promoting indigenous knowledge systems
and indigenous people's conservation.

SAFETY STANDARDS
formulation of common food and safety
standards.
Famous Filipinos in the field of Science

Dr. Ramon C. Barba

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

Recognized for his significant contributions Recognized for his significant contributions
to Philippine Agriculture through in the field of pediatrics, specifically in
horticulture. He developed a process that neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal drug
caused the flowering and fruiting of mango addiction and his pioneering work on the
trees three times a year, instead of once a detection of fetal exposure to drugs,
year, so dramatically improving yields. tobacco smoke, alcohol and environmental
toxicants by analysis of meconium.
Dr. Josephino C. Comiso Meconium drug testing.
For his works on observation of
characteristics of Antartica using satellite Dr. Lilian F. Patena
images. A Filipino scientist who discovered a breed
of calamansi and seedless pomelo and
Dr. Jose B. Cruz, Jr. discovered micropropagation which
Recognized for pioneering and established established the banana industry in the
theories, principles, analysis tools, and Philippines.
design methodologies in complex systems
with dynamic feedback mechanisms. His Dr. Marijo P. Ruiz
work focuses on sensitivity analysis and on Professor Emeritus, Ateneo de Manila
multi agent based modeling for University. For being an outstanding
decentralization and control in large educator and graph theorist
systems or networks
Dr. Gregory L. Tangonan
Dr. Lourdes J. Cruz For his research in the field of
A Filipino biochemist whose research has communication technology, Fibre optics.
contributed to the understanding of the
biochemistry of toxic peptides from the
venom of fish-hunting Conus marine snails.
Throughout the Philippines, she is known as
the SEA SNAIL VENOM SPECIALIST.

Dr. Fabian M. Dayrit

For his research on Herbal Medicines

Dr. Rafael D. Guerrero III

Recognized for his pioneering work on the
development of sex reversal and hatchery
techniques on tilapia, making him known as
the FATHER OF TILAPIA SEX-REVERSAL.
His research finds applications in fisheries,
aquaculture, vermiculture, and water
resources management.

Dr. Enrique M. Ostrea, Jr.

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9