GUIDELINES FOR

BBS (4TH YEAR) PROJECT REPORT WRITING

Introduction and Learning Outcomes
Writing a project work report is an essential academic requirement for the fourth year BBS students. This
is a study-enterprise for independent leaning from field-based activities. It gives students an opportunity
to enquire into real business practices and relate it with the theory they have learnt so far. In this process,
the student will, first of all, choose a business unit for the study; and may confine in one of its functional
departments. Then they will collect data, organize and present them in a logical order, analyze and draw
conclusion from the analysis. Thus, they are expected to gain firsthand experience with the business
environment and the way a business unit operates its business. Finally, they will prepare a formal report
in a prescribed format reflecting their knowledge and experience of the project work and submit it to the
Research Department of the concerned campus/ college for evaluation.
After completing the project work, the student is expected to:
1. be familiar with the environment of the business unit/ events/ place, etc with which s/he
wasinvolved/ associated with,
2. understand the functioning the business unit,
3. identify an issue or problem for investigation,
4. identify relevant literature and appropriately review, cite and list them in bibliography,
5. collect relevant data on the problem or issues for analysis,
6. present data in a systematic and meaningful order,
7. apply correct tools and techniques of data analysis,
8. analyze the data and draw conclusions,
9. prepare a report in a clear, concise and logical manner, and
10. prepare a formal academic report by following format provided by the Faculty of Management.

Responsibilities of Students
Students are fully and solely responsible for writing and editing the project work report of acceptable
quality by meeting all requirements of the Faculty of Management.

Specifically, the students shall have the following responsibilities for the project work report writing.
1. To prepare a project work proposal within one month of the beginning of the session in consultation
with major/concentration subject teacher, and get formal approval from the campus/college level
research committee after needful revisions suggested by the committee.
2. To work closely with the concerned supervisor, campus/college level research committee chair and
other members as needed, keeping the supervisor regularly informed of progress.
1 approved project work, students shall have to obtain
3. In case students desire to change the scope of the
a formal approval from supervisor and the research committee prior to making any change in the
scope of the project work.
 4. To comply with all procedures, format requirements and the University rules and regulations
regarding the project work.
5. To ensure that the project work has sufficient evidence of originality, appropriate organization and
format, and thorough documentation.
6. To use correct formatting and accuracy of quotations and literature citations.
7. To make corrections and revisions as many times as suggested by the concerned supervisor and the
research committee.
8. To proofread the whole document, including acknowledgements, references, and appendices.
9. To ensure that project work report has met the format requirements as provided by the Faculty of
Management, Tribhuvan University.
10. To get recommendation from the supervisor and submit the final report (three copies) to the
research committee.
11. To take primary responsibility to stay informed about notifications and deadlines issued by the
research committee, the campus/college and Office of the Controller of Examinations, TU. (No
exceptions shall be made for missed deadlines or late submission of project work report).

Guidelines for Preparing a Project Work Report

The following guidelines have been provided for the preparation of a project work report.
Paper
Use only white, 8 -by-11 inch paper of good quality.
Fonts
Project work reports are typed in Times New Roman using 12-point characters. However, the students may
reduce the font size within tables or figures to fit within margins.

Spacing and Justification

Text must be 1.5 spaced, except for quoted passages that may be indented and single-spaced for emphasis
and within the Table of Contents or List of Figures/Tables when a heading or caption title wraps to a second
line. Text must be justified (align text to both the left and right margins).

Margins
Leave uniform margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) at the top, bottom, left, and right of every page. Combined
with a uniform typeface and font size, uniform margins enhance readability and provide a consistent gauge
for estimating report length.

Page Numbers
The preliminary pages (preceding the first main section) must have lower case Roman numerals starting
with the declaration page that is numbered “ii”. The title page is unnumbered, but the implied number is
“i”. The lowercase Roman numerals are placed within2 the footer (bottom center).

The first page of text (Introduction) uses the Arabic number “1” and pages thereafter carry consecutive
Arabic numbers, including the pages in the Appendices and References. Arabic numbers are positioned in
the upper right-hand corner, one inch from the top and one inch in from the right edge of the paper.

Headings and Sub-headings

The following is a general heading level outline to be used. Each new primary heading must start on anew
page.
1. Heading Level One
The primary heading or heading level one is center justified, and all upper case. Triple space to text.
2. Heading Level Two
Heading level two is left aligned; the first letter of each major word is capitalized, and has spacing
setat 12 point before and 18 points after.
3. Heading level three
Heading level three is left aligned; the font is underlined and in sentence case. There is a double
spaceto the following text.
 Heading level four (paragraph heading). This heading is indented with the paragraph. The
fontis underlined and in sentence case. The heading ends with a period.

Layout of Preliminary Pages

The project report includes preliminary pages in the following order – the declaration, supervisor's
recommendation, endorsement, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of tables, list of figures and
abbreviations.

Title Page: the title page is assumed to be page “i” but is not numbered. The title is typed in all upper
case. All text on the title page is center justified. (See Appendix A: Title page)

Declaration: students’ declaration about the originality of work. (See Appendix B: Declaration)
Supervisor’s Recommendation: a recommendation letter from the supervisor for approval of the
project work report. (See Appendix C: Supervisor’s Recommendation)

Endorsement: an endorsement letter from the research committee chair to the TU Office of the
Controller of Examinations, Kathmandu. (See Appendix D: Endorsement)

Acknowledgements: acknowledge them who have really helped you to prepare the project work
report.

Table of Contents: Double space down from heading. Insert table of contents. All headings and
subheadings are capitalized and punctuated exactly as they are in the text. The table of contents is double-
spaced except when a heading or caption wraps to a second line. (See Appendix E: Table of Content)

List of Tables: Triple space down from heading.

List of Figures: Triple space down from heading. 3
Abbreviations: List of abbreviations and acronyms in alphabetical order.
Appendices (if applicable): Triple space down from heading.
Format of the Main Body of Project Work
Report A project work report shall have the following three
chapters.
Chapter 1 - Introduction: background; profile of the organization, events, activities, etc; objectives of
the study; rational; method of the study; review of literature; limitations of the study.
Chapter 2 - Results and Analysis: presentation of results and findings of project work.
Chapter 3 – Summary and Conclusion – a brief summary of the report, and conclusion based
on the findings of the report.

Bibliography: includes all sources used in the study, using APA format for citation. (Visit Website:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/08/)
Appendices: Include material too detailed or lengthy for inclusion in the body of the study (e.g.,
questionnaires, maps, photos, and letters of permission). Each appendix shall have to be labeled
alphabetically.

Length of the Project Report: The length of the Project Report will be around 8,000 to 10,000 words
(approximately 30 – 35 pages). The length is exclusive of the materials included in the preliminary section
and appendixes.

Tables
Data can be presented in tables. APA format should be followed to present a table as shown
below:Table 1
Error Rates of Older and Younger Groups

Level of Mean error rate Standard deviation Sample size

Difficulty Younger Older Younger Older Younger Older

Low .05 .14 .08 .15 12 18

Moderate .05 .17 .07 .15 15 12

High .11 .26 .10 .21 16 14

Note. From “Generations,” by L.G. Elias and C.C. Bent, 2002, Journal of Geriatric Care, 5, p. 22.

Number tables consecutively with Arabic numerals in the order referenced in the text (Table1, Table 2,
etc.). Place the number and caption above the table.

Insert each table after the paragraph where it is first referenced. Tables may be placed on a page with text
or on a separate page. Tables may be placed horizontally or vertically within the page margins. If placed
4
horizontally, the caption should also be horizontal. Keep tables from breaking across pages unless the table
is too large for a single page.
Figures
Data may also be presented in the diagram, charts, graphs, photographs and drawings (Figures). According
to APA format, a diagram is presented as follows:

Figure 1. Youth unemployment rate vs. total unemployment rate: 2006-2011.Youth unemployment rate
refers to the unemployed population aged 15-24 years old.

Number figures consecutively with Arabic numerals (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.) in the order they are
referenced in the text. Place the number and caption below the figure. Insert each figure after the paragraph
where it is first referenced. Figures may be placed on a page with text or on a separate page. Figures may
be placed horizontally or vertically within the page margins. If placed horizontally, the caption should also
be horizontal.

Quotations
Longer quotations should be block indented 0.5” left and right. Such quotations should be presented as
follows:
Perhaps it would be well, if some institutions were devised, and supported at the expense
of the State, which would be so organized as would tend most effectually to produce a
due degree of emulation among Farmers, by rewards and honorary distinctions conferred
by those who, by their successful experimental efforts and improvements, should render
themselves duly entitled to them (Nicholson, 1920, p. 92).

Numbers and Abbreviations

The general rule governing the use of numbers in manuscript writing is to use words to express numbers
less than 10. Numbers at the beginning of a sentence5must be spelled.

An abbreviation or acronym should only be used if the full expression is excessively long or if the
abbreviation is well known to students in their subjects. Define an abbreviation the first time it is used
Note: The report will have to be prepared by following the specifications mentioned in this guideline. For
specifications not mentioned in this guidelines please refer to Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (APA) (6th edition).

Bibliography
A list of bibliography will have to be presented as an appendix to the report. The students will have
tofollow APA style for presenting the bibliography. Selected samples have been presented below for
reference.

Type of entry Example

Pradhan, R. S. (2006). Research in Nepalese finance (2nd ed). Kathmandu:
Books with single
Buddha Academic Publisher and Distributors.
author
Note: do not give edition if it is the first edition.

Paudel, R. B., Baral, K. J., Gautam, R. R., & Rana, S. B. (2012).

Books with 3-7 authors
Fundamentals of financial management (4th ed.). Kathmadu: Asmita Books
Publishers and Distributors.
Note: If there are more than seven authors, give the name of first six
authors, mark with … and give the name of last author.

Edited book Bhattachan, K. B., & Mishra, C. (Eds.). (2000). Development practices in
Nepal. Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Sociology
and Anthropology.

Note: Drop 's' from Eds in case of single editor.

6
Institutional author Finance Association of Nepal. (2015). Nepalese financial system:
Prospects & challenges. Kathmandu: Academic Publishers.

Author and publisher is American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Manual of the
same American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington DC: Author.

Journal article with Shrestha, H. P. (2009). Mountain tourism in Nepal. PYC Nepal Journal of
volume and issue Management, 2(1), 12-28.
number

Article in a journal Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal

with continuous page articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-
896.

Article in edited book Sharma, S. P. (2000). Market-led development strategy in Nepal. In K. B.

Bhattachan & C. Mishra, (Eds.) Development practices in Nepal (pp. 53-
68). Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Sociology
and Anthropology.

Note: The editor’s name appears in normal order, i. e. first and middle
names followed by surname (K. B. Bhattachan, not Bhattachan, K. B.).

Article in a magazine Henry, W. A. (1990, January 9). Making the grade in today's
schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Article in a newspaper Lal, C. K. (2012, November 2). The notion of Nepaliness, Republica, p. 12.

Note: p or pp is given only in newspaper, not in journal or magazine.

Master's dissertation Chaudhary, C. N. (2015). Capital adequacy of commercial banks in Nepal

(Unpublished master's dissertation). Public Youth Campus, Faculty of
Management, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Ph. D. thesis Paudel, R. B. (1994). Industrial finance in Nepal (Unpublished doctoral

thesis). Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

7
Journal article written Harden, K. P., Lynch, S. K., Turkheimer, E., Waldron, B. M., Martin, N. G.,
by more than seven Emery, R. E., . . . D'Onofrio, B. M. (2007). A behavior genetic investigation
authors and available of adolescent motherhood and offspring mental health problems. Journal of
in electronic version Abnormal Psychology, 116, 667-683. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.116.4. 667
with doi (digital object
Note: always give doi instead of retrieval address if doi is available.
identifier)

Journal article in Sillick, T. J., & Schutte,, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem
electronic version mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal
without doi of Applied Psychology, 22(2), 38-48. Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap

note: do not give date of retrieval unless it is essential.

Dissertation in Barua, S. (2010). Drought assessment and forecasting using a nonlinear

electronic version aggregated drought index (Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University,
Melbourne, Australia). Retrieved from http://vuir.vu.edu.au/1598

Independent writing Anderson, C. A., Gentile, D. A., & Buckley, K. E. (2007). Violent video game
(not book or article in effects on children and adolescents: Theory, research, and public policy.
journal/ magazine, etc.) doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309836.001.0001
available in electronic
version with doi

Independent writing Engelschall, R. S. (1997). Module mod_rewrite: URL rewriting engine.

(not book or article in In Apache HTTP server version 1.3 documentation (Apache modules).
journal/ magazine, etc.) Retrieved from http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/mod/mod_rewrite.html
available in electronic
version without doi

Ordering the Entries in Bibliography

Follow the following common rules while ordering the reference list.
1. Alphabetize letter by letter as the head words are ordered in the dictionary. Remember the rule
“nothing precedes something” (Example 1). Brown, J. R., precedes Browning, A. R., even though
i precedes j in the alphabet.
2. One author entries by the same author are arranged by year of publication, the earliest first
(Example 2).
3. One author entries precede multi-author entries beginning with the same surname (Example 3).

8
 4. References by the same author (or by the same two or more authors in the same order) with the
same publication date are arranged alphabetically by the title (excluding A or The) that follows the
date (Example 4).
5. Works by different authors with the same surname are arranged alphabetically by the first initial
(Example 5).

Examples
1. Brown, J. R.
Browning, A. R.
2. Shrestha, L. S. (1996).
Shrestha, L. S. (1999).
3. Aryal, R. L. (2001).
Aryal, R. L., & Pandey, A. J. (1999).
4. Karki, H. B. (2010). An experiment with the god.
Karki, H. B. (2010). The passion for drink.
5. Manandhar, A. L., & Shakya, J. (1999).
Manandhar, S. E., & Thapa, R. J. (1998).

• Finally, although the above examples are not indented, APA style requires that all entries must be in
the hanging indent format with the first line flush to the left margin and all other lines indented as
shown below.
Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consultancy
Psychological Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.

Plagiarism
Each project work report shall have to be an original piece of work. Plagiarizing all or part of a project
work shall make the entire document unacceptable.
If a project work report is found plagiarized even after its approval and award of the degree to students, the
project work may be disapproved by the University any time, and as a consequence students’ degree may
also be quashed, if the court of law orders the University to do so upon someone’s complaint with sufficient
proof.

9
TITLE OF PROJECT WORK REPORT

A Project Work Report

By

Name of Student (First Name/Middle Name/Surname)

T.U. Registered Number
Name of Campus/College

Submitted to

The Faculty of Management

Tribhuvan University
Kathmandu

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS STUDIES (BBS)

Name of the Place of Submission

Month and Year

10
 Declaration

I hereby declare that the project work entitled TITLE OF PROJECT WORK REPORT submitted to the
Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu is an original piece of work under the
supervision of Prof./Dr./Mr./Ms. … … … (name of the supervisor), faculty member, … … … (name of the
campus/ college), … … … (name of place), and is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS). This project work report has not been submitted to any
other university or institution for the award of any degree or diploma.

Signature:
Name of Student:
Date:

11
 Supervisor’s Recommendation

(In a Campus/College Letter Head)

The project work report entitled TITLE OF PROJECT WORK REPORT submitted by … … … (name of
student) of … … … (name of campus/college), … … …(name of place), is prepared under my supervision
as per the procedure and format requirements laid by the Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University,
as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Studies(BBS). I,
therefore, recommend the project work report for evaluation.

Signature:

Name of Supervisor:

Date:

12
 Endorsement

(In a Campus/College Letter Head)

We hereby endorse the project work report entitled TITLE OF PROJECT WROK submitted by … … …
(name of student) of … … … (name of campus/college), … … … (name of place), in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of the Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS) for external evaluation.

Signature: Signature:

Name of Chair: Name of Chief/Principal:

Chairman, Research Committee Campus Chief/ Principal

Date: Date:

13
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ..................................................................................................................................................... i

Declaration ................................................................................................................................................. ii
Supervisor’s Recommendation .................................................................................................................... iii
Endorsement ............................................................................................................................................... iv
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ .............................. v
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... .............................. vi
List of Tables ................................................................................................................ .............................vii
List of Figures ................................................................................................................. .........................viii
Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ ............................ i x

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. .............................1
1.2 Profile of org./ place/ events, etc ............................................................................... .............................3
1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................. .............................5
1.4 Rationale.................................................................................................................................................6
1.5 Review...................................................................................................................... .............................7
1.6 Methods ........................................................................................................................ .........................8
1.7 Limitations..................................................................................................................... ......................10
CHAPTER II: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
2.1 Data Presentation ............................................................................................................. ....................12
2.2 Analysis of Results....................................................................................................... ........................20
2.3 Findings ................................................................................................................................ .............. 25
CHPTER III: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
3.1 Summary .................................................................................................................... .........................27
3.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. .........................28
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................. .............. 29
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................ .............. 30

14
a. Organization Selection
b. Title of the project
c. Format of the project proposal
d. Format of the project work report
e. Other instructions for report writing

15