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Curve Transformations and Coordinates

The document contains math problems involving calculus concepts like derivatives, curves, and transformations of curves. It asks the reader to find specific values and determine equation properties based on given curve definitions and point values.

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sheraz

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

1K views14 pages

Curve Transformations and Coordinates

Uploaded by

sheraz

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9
Question 10
Question 11

3

2
1 Find the exact value of y3 x2
dx . [3]

....................................................................................................................................................................

Page 1 of 14
2
y

O x

The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y = k sin 12 x , where k is a positive constant and x is
measured in radians. The curve has a minimum point A.

(a) State the coordinates of A. [1]

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) A sequence of transformations is applied to the curve in the following order.

Translation of 2 units in the negative y-direction

Reflection in the x-axis

Find the equation of the new curve and determine the coordinates of the point on the new curve
corresponding to A. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 2 of 14
dy 1
3 A curve is such that = 3 (4x + 5) 2 . It is given that the points (1, 9) and (5, a) lie on the curve.
dx
Find the value of a. [5]

....................................................................................................................................................................

Page 3 of 14
(sin i + cos i) 2 - 1
4 (a) Prove that / 2 tan i . [3]
cos 2 i
............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

(sin i + cos i) 2 - 1
(b) Hence solve the equation 2 = 5 tan 3 i for - 90c 1 i 1 90c. [3]
cos i
............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 4 of 14
3
5 A curve has the equation y = . 2
2x - 5
Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point (2, 1), giving your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0 , where a, b and c are integers. [6]

....................................................................................................................................................................

Page 5 of 14
6 It is given that the coefficient of x 3 in the expansion of

(2 + ax) 4 (5 - ax)

is 432.

Find the value of the constant a. [5]

....................................................................................................................................................................

Page 6 of 14
7 The straight line y = x + 5 meets the curve 2x 2 + 3y 2 = k at a single point P.

(a) Find the value of the constant k. [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the coordinates of P. [2]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 7 of 14
8 (a) An arithmetic progression is such that its first term is 6 and its tenth term is 19.5 .

Find the sum of the first 100 terms of this arithmetic progression. [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) A geometric progression a1 , a2 , a3 , ... is such that a1 = 24 and the common ratio is 12 .

The sum to infinity of this geometric progression is denoted by S . The sum to infinity of the
even-numbered terms (i.e. a2 , a4 , a6 , ...) is denoted by S E .

Find the values of S and S E . [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 8 of 14
9 The functions f and g are defined for all real values of x by

f (x) = (3x - 2) 2 + k and g (x) = 5x - 1,

where k is a constant.

(a) Given that the range of the function g f is gf (x) H 39 , find the value of k. [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) For this value of k, determine the range of the function f g. [2]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 9 of 14
............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

Find an expression for g -1 (x) and hence, or otherwise, find an expression for h (x) . [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 10 of 14
10
y

C i rad

O x

The diagram shows the circle with centre C (– 4, 5) and radius 20 units. The circle intersects the y-axis
at the points A and B. The size of angle ACB is i radians.

(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (–6, 9). [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the equation of the circle in the form x 2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0 . [2]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 11 of 14
(c) Find the value of i correct to 4 significant figures. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

(d) Find the perimeter and area of the segment shaded in the diagram. [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 12 of 14
11
y

A B
O x
M

2 1
The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 2x - 3 - 3x - 3 + 1 for x 2 0 . The curve crosses the
x-axis at points A and B and has a minimum point M.

(a) Find the exact coordinates of M. [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 13 of 14
(b) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve and the line segment AB. [7]

............................................................................................................................................................

Page 14 of 14

Common questions

To find the intersection, substitute \( y = x + 5 \) into the circle equation \( x^2 + (x + 5)^2 = k \). This simplifies to \( 2x^2 + 10x + 25 = k \). For the line to intersect the circle at a single point (tangency), the quadratic equation must have a single solution, meaning the discriminant \( b^2 - 4ac \) must be zero. Thus, calculate \(10^2 - 4 \times 2 \times (25 - k) = 0\). Solving for \( k \), you find \( k \) ensures tangency. Hence, \( k = 40.25 \) makes the circle tangent to the line.

To find the coordinates of the minimum point A, we need to analyze the function \( \sin(y) = k(x^2 - 1) \). This curve has a minimum point at \( x = 1 \) since \( x^2 - 1 \) yields a minimum value of 0 there. Thus, \( \sin(y) = 0 \) which means \( y = n\pi \) for some integer \( n \). Assuming \( n = 0 \), the coordinates of A are \( (1, 0) \)

To find the value of \( a \), integrate the differential \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^4 + 5x^2 - 1 \) to find \( y(x) \). The integral gives \( y(x) = \frac{3}{5}x^5 + \frac{5}{3}x^3 - x + C \). Using the point (1, 9) to find C, substitute to get \( 9 = \frac{3}{5}(1)^5 + \frac{5}{3}(1)^3 - 1 + C \). Solve for C and then use point (5, a) to find \( a = y(5) = \frac{3}{5}(5)^5 + \frac{5}{3}(5)^3 - 5 + C \). The calculated value of \( a \) is consistent with the known points and fits the curve defined by the original equation.

First, find the roots of \( x^3 - 3x^2 + 2x - 1 = 0 \) to determine the limits of integration. Solving, you find roots \( x = 1 \) and \( x = 1 \), hence effectively only meeting one x-axis point. To find the area, integrate the function from \( x = 0 \) to \( x = 3 \), where the function should be adjusted for area calculation using intersections of polynomial and horizontal intercept. Using definite integral, the bounded area simplifies from these limits, ensuring negative components are taken as absolute values for accurate bounded region area calculations within context.

First, determine the derivative \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 2x - 5\) to find the slope of the tangent line at x = 2. Substituting, \( \frac{dy}{dx}(2) = -1 \) gives the slope of the tangent. The slope of the normal line is the negative reciprocal, \( m = 1 \). Hence, using the point-slope form, the equation of the normal line is \( y - 1 = 1(x - 2) \). Simplify and convert to the form \( ax + by + c = 0 \): \( x - y - 1 = 0 \)

To find the minimum point M, compute the derivative \( y' = 2x - 3 + \frac{4}{3}x^{-2/3} \) and set \( y' = 0 \) to solve for x. Solving \( 2x - 3 + \frac{4}{3}x^{-2/3} = 0 \), we note that achieving an explicit form poses assumptions on function behavior, using calculus checks to determine zero points involving rational exponents and solving these to define a unique minimum x **point** with subsequent y relationship. Evaluate the second derivative for test confirmation. Coordinates confirm where these arrangements satisfy derivative zeroes with distinct measurements confirming true minimum points. Exact values follow numerical or algebraic feasibility.

The transformation sequence includes a downwards translation of 2 units, followed by a reflection in the x-axis. After the translation, \( y' = y - 2 \). Reflecting in the x-axis, \( y'' = -y' = 2 - y \). Thus, the transformed equation becomes \( \sin(2 - y) = k(x^2 - 1) \). Given the minimum point A initially as (1,0), its new position after the transformations will be (1,2)

The sum to infinity \( S \) of a geometric progression with \( a_1 = 24 \) and common ratio \( r = \frac{1}{2} \) is \( S = \frac{a_1}{1 - r} = \frac{24}{0.5} = 48 \). For even-numbered terms \( S_E \), the series starts from the second term: \( a_2 = 12 \), \( r = \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{4} \). Summing even terms: \( S_E = \frac{a_2}{1-r'} = \frac{12}{1-\frac{1}{4}} = 16 \). Thus, \( S_E = \frac{a_1}{1-r} \cdot r = a \cdot r' \times \frac{1}{1-r'} \)

Start by assuming the identity \( \sin(\theta) + \cos(\theta) = \frac{1}{\tan(\theta) + \tan^2(\theta)} \). Transform the right-hand side using trigonometric identities: \( \tan(\theta) = \frac{\sin(\theta)}{\cos(\theta)} \), \( \tan^2(\theta) = \frac{\sin^2(\theta)}{\cos^2(\theta)} \). Rearrange and simplify the equation, separating terms to check correctness. Then, solving \( \tan(\theta) + \tan^2(\theta) = 1 \) similarly follows algebraic manipulations based on complex trigonometric relationships leading to \( \theta = 45^\circ \) or other equivalent terms depending on quadratic components from the rearranged equation.

Using the binomial theorem, the coefficient of \( x^3 \) in \( (ax + 2)^5 \) is given by \( \binom{5}{3}(ax)^3(2)^{5-3} \). Simplifying, it becomes \( 10 (ax)^3 4 \). Setting this equal to 432 and solving for \( a \), we get \( 40a^3 x^3 = 432 \). Therefore, \( a^3 = \frac{432}{40} \), giving \( a = \sqrt[3]{rac{432}{40}} \). Solving, \( a = \sqrt[3]{10.8} \), but ensure proper simplification based on the context derived from prior steps.

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Curve Transformations and Coordinates

Uploaded by

Curve Transformations and Coordinates

Uploaded by

3

(a) State the coordinates of A. [1]

(b) A sequence of transformations is applied to the curve in the following order.

Translation of 2 units in the negative y-direction

Reflection in the x-axis

Find the value of the constant a. [5]

(a) Find the value of the constant k. [4]

(b) Find the coordinates of P. [2]

Find the values of S and S E . [4]

f (x) = (3x - 2) 2 + k and g (x) = 5x - 1,

(b) Find the equation of the circle in the form x 2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0 . [2]

(a) Find the exact coordinates of M. [4]

Common questions

How do you find the intersection point between the line \( y = x + 5 \) and the circle defined by \( x^2 + y^2 = k \) such that they meet at exactly one point?

How can the coordinates of the point A, which is the minimum point on the curve defined by the equation \( \sin(y) = k(x^2 - 1) \), be determined?

Given the differential equation \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^4 + 5x^2 - 1 \) and the points (1, 9) and (5, a) on the curve, what is the value of \( a \)?

Determine the area bounded by the curve \( y = x^3 - 3x^2 + 2x - 1 \) and its chord joining the roots where it crosses the x-axis.

Calculate the normal line to a curve given by \( y = x^2 - 5x + 3 \) at the point (2,1) and express this line in standard linear form.

What are the coordinates of point M, the minimum point of the function \( y = x^2 - 3x + 4x^{1/3} \), and how are they derived?

What is the transformed equation and coordinates for point A after a translation of 2 units downwards and a reflection in the x-axis is applied to the given curve \( \sin(y) = k(x^2 - 1) \)?

In the context of geometric progressions, derive the relationship between the sum of all terms and the sum of even-numbered terms if the first term is 24 and the common ratio is 1/2.

Prove the identity \( \sin(\theta) + \cos(\theta) = \frac{1}{\tan(\theta) + \tan^2(\theta)} \) and solve this equation for \( \theta \) in the interval \( [-90^\circ, 90^\circ] \).

If the coefficient of \( x^3 \) in the expansion of \( (ax + 2)^5 \) is 432, what is the value of \( a \)?

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