ENGR-UH 2211

Solid Mechanics
Spring 2024

Homework #3
Due: Friday February 16, 2024 at 5:00 pm

Problems number: 3.11, 3.17, 3.21, 3.35, 3.37, 3.42, 3.53, 3.71 (Beer et al. Textbook 8E)

PROBLEM 3.11

The torques shown are exerted on pulleys A and B. Knowing that both
shafts are solid, determine the maximum shearing stress in (a) in shaft
AB, (b) in shaft BC.

SOLUTION

(a) Shaft AB: TAB = 300 N ⋅ m, d = 0.030 m, c = 0.015 m

Tc 2T (2)(300)
τ max
= = = 3
J πc π (0.015)3
= 56.588 × 106 Pa τ max = 56.6 MPa 

(b) Shaft BC: TBC = 300 + 400 = 700 N ⋅ m

=d 0.046
= m, c 0.023 m
Tc 2T (2)(700)
τ max
= = = 3
J πc π (0.023)3
= 36.626 × 106 Pa τ max = 36.6 MPa 
 PROBLEM 3.17

The solid shaft shown is formed of a brass for which the

allowable shearing stress is 55 MPa. Neglecting the effect of
stress concentrations, determine the smallest diameters dAB and
dBC for which the allowable shearing stress is not exceeded.

SOLUTION

τ max = 55 × 106 Pa
= 55 MPa
Tc 2T 2T
τ max
= = c
= 3
J π c3 πτ max

Shaft AB: TAB = 1200 − 400 = 800 N ⋅ m

(2)(800)
c =3 6
=21.00 × 10−3 m =21.0 m
π (55 × 10 )
minimum d AB
= 2=
c 42.0 mm 
Shaft BC: TBC 400 N ⋅ m
=
(2)(400)
c= 3 = 16.667 × 10−3 m = 16.67 mm
π (55 × 106 )
minimum d BC
= 2=
c 33.3 mm 
 PROBLEM 3.21

Two solid steel shafts are connected by the gears

shown. A torque of magnitude T = 900 N · m is
applied to shaft AB. Knowing that the allowable
shearing stress is 50 MPa and considering only
stresses due to twisting, determine the required
diameter of (a) shaft AB, (b) shaft CD.

SOLUTION

TAB 900 N ⋅ m
=
rC 240
TCD
= = TAB (1000) 2700 N ⋅ m
=
rB 80

(a) Shaft AB: τ all= 50 × 106 Pa

Tc 2T 2T (2)(900)
τ
= = c
= 3 = 3 = 22.545 × 10−3 m3
J π c3 πτ π (50 × 106 )

= c 45.090 × 10−3 m
d 2= 45.1 mm 

(b) Shaft CD: τ all= 50 × 106 Pa

Tc 2T 2T (2)(2700)
τ
= = c
= 3 = 3 = 32.516 × 10−3 m3
J π c3 πτ 6
π (50 × 10 )

= c 65.032 × 10−3 m
d 2= 65.0 mm 
 PROBLEM 3.35

The electric motor exerts a 500-N ⋅ m torque on the

aluminum shaft ABCD when it is rotating at a
constant speed. Knowing that G = 27 GPa and that
the torques exerted on pulleys B and C are as shown,
determine the angle of twist between (a) B and C,
(b) B and D.

SOLUTION

(a) Angle of twist between B and C.

TBC =200 N ⋅ m, LBC =1.2 m
1
c
= = = 27 × 109 Pa
d 0.022 m, G
2
π
J BC
= = c 4 367.97 × 10−9 m
2
TL (200)(1.2)
φ=
B/C = = 24.157 × 10−3 rad φ=
B /C 1.384° 
GJ (27 × 109 )(367.97 × 109 )
(b) Angle of twist between B and D.
1
500 N ⋅ m, LCD =
TCD = 0.9 m, c = 27 × 109 Pa
0.024 m, G =
d =
2
π π
J CD
= = c4 (0.024)
= 4
521.153 × 10−9 m 4
2 2
(500)(0.9)
φC /D
= = 31.980 × 10−3 rad
(27 × 109 )(521.153 × 109 )
φB /D = ϕ B /C + ϕC /D = 24.157 × 10−3 + 31.980 × 10−3 = 56.137 × 10−3 rad φB=
/D 3.22° 
 PROBLEM 3.37

The aluminum rod BC (G = 26 GPa) is bonded to the brass rod AB

(G = 39 GPa). Knowing that each rod is solid and has a diameter of 12 mm,
determine the angle of twist (a) at B, (b) at C.

SOLUTION

Both portions:
1
c
= = d 6 mm = 6 × 10−3 m
2
π π
J = c 4 = (6 × 10−3 ) 4 =2.03575 × 10−9 m 4
2 2
=T 100 N ⋅ m

Rod AB: 39 × 109 Pa, LAB =

GAB = 0.200 m

TLAB (100)(0.200)
(a) φB φ=
= AB = = 0.25191 rad φB 14.43° 
=
GAB J (39 × 109 )(2.03575 × 10−9 )

Rod BC: 26 × 109 Pa, LBC =

GBC = 0.300 m
TLBC (100)(0.300)
φBC
= = = 0.56679 rad
GBC J (26 × 109 )(2.03575 × 10−9 )

(b) φC =φB + φBC =0.25191 + 0.56679 =0.81870 rad φC 46.9° 

=
 PROBLEM 3.42

The angle of rotation of end A of the gear-and-shaft system

shown must not exceed 4°. Knowing that the shafts are made
of a steel for which τall = 65 MPa and G = 77.2 GPa,
determine the largest torque T that can be safely applied at
end A.

SOLUTION
Calculation of torques.
TAB T
Circumferential contact force between gears B and D: F
= = DE
rB rD
rD 90
TDE
= TAB
= = T 1.5T
rB 60
Since larger torque occurs in shaft, we find the torque limit based on stress in shaft DE.
TDE c TDE c 2 (1.5T )
=τ = =
J π 4  π c3
 c 
2 

Solving for Torque: =T

π c3τ
=
3
(
π ( 0.015 ) 65 × 106 )
= 229.73 N ⋅ m
3 3
π π
Twist in shaft DE. J DE
= = c4 (0.015)
= 4
79.522 × 10−9 m 4
2 2
TDE LDE 1.5T (0.5)
φDE
= = = 122.168 × 10−6 T
GJ DE (77.2 × 109 )(79.522 × 10−9 )

Rotation at D. φD φ=
= DE 122.168 × 10−6 T

Circumferential displacement at gear circles: =δ r=

DφD rBφB

rD 90
Rotation at B. φB = φD = (122.168 × 10−6 )T =183.252T
rB 60

Twist in shaft AB. LAB = 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.2 = 0.9 m, J AB = 79.522 × 10−9 m 4
TAB LAB T (0.9)
φ AB
= = = 146.601 × 10−6T
GJ AB (77.2 × 109 )(79.522 × 10−9 )
Rotation at A. φ=
A φB + φ AB
= 183.252 × 10−6T + 146.601 × 10−6T = 329.85 × 10−6T

Rotation limit: 4o =
φA = 69.813 × 10−3 rad =
329.85 × 10−6 T 211.65 N ⋅ m
T=
Limiting torque is the smaller value. =T 212 N ⋅ m 
 PROBLEM 3.53

A torque T = 40 kip · in. is applied at end A of the composite shaft

shown. Knowing that the modulus of rigidity is 11.2 × 106 psi for
steel and 4 × 106 psi for aluminum, determine (a) the maximum
shearing stress in the steel core, (b) the maximum stress in the
aluminum shell, (c) the angle of twist at A.

SOLUTION

π π
Aluminum jacket: J1=
2
(c 4
2 )
− c14 =
2
(1.54 − 1.1254 )= 5.4360 in 4

T1L1
φ1 =
G1J1

π π
Steel core: J2
= = c4 in.) 4 2.5161 in 4
(1.125 =
2 2
T2 L2
φ2 =
G2 J 2

φ1 = φ2
T1L1 T2 L2
=
G1J1 G2 J 2
T1 (100 in.) T2 (100 in.)
=
( 4 × 10 6
)(
psi 5.4360 in 4 ) (11.2 × 10 6
)(
psi 2.5161 in 4 )
T1 = 0.77160T2

Total torque: T =T1 + T2 = 40 kip ⋅ in.

0.77160T2 + T=
2 40 kip ⋅ in.

T2 =22.578 kip ⋅ in. T1 =17.4212 kip ⋅ in

(a) Maximum shearing stress in steel core.

Tc 22.578 kip ⋅ in. (1.125 in.)
τ
= = τ = 10.10 ksi 
J 2.5161 in 4
(b) Maximum shearing stress in aluminum shell.
Tc 17.4212 kip ⋅ in. (1.5 in.)
τ
= = τ = 4.81 ksi 
J 5.4360 in 4
(c)Angle of twist.

=φ
T1L1
=
(17.4212 × 10 lb ⋅ in.) (100 =
3
in.)
0.08012 φ 4.59° 
=
G1J1 ( 4 × 10 psi )(5.4360 in )
6 4

Note: The same result may be obtained by using the steel core.
 PROBLEM 3.71

The hollow steel shaft= shown (G 77.2 = GPa, τ all 50 MPa)

rotates at 240 rpm. Determine (a) the maximum power that can be
transmitted, (b) the corresponding angle of twist of the shaft.

SOLUTION

1
c2
= = d 2 30 mm
2
1
c1
= = d1 12.5 mm
2
π π
J=
2
(c 4
2 )
− c14 =
2
[(30) 4 − (12.5) 4 ]
6 4
1.234 × 10−6 m 4
1.234 × 10 mm =
=
τ=
m 50 × 106 Pa
Tc τ mJ (50 × 106 )(1.234 × 10−6 )
τm
= T
= = = 2056.7 N ⋅ m
J c 30 × 10−3

Angular speed: =f 240

= rpm 4=
rev/sec 4 Hz

(a) Power being transmitted. P 2π=

= = 51.7 × 103 W
f T 2π (4)(2056.7)
P = 51.7 kW 
TL (2056.7)(5)
(b) Angle of twist. φ
= = = 0.1078 rad
GJ (77.2 × 109 )(1.234 × 10−6 )
φ 6.17° 
=