‒JÚ@ GHB ONCHMWHMJ_N@ GHB QH_X“
CHMW_@ _X_JB GH D@_LJCN@M HM
JBWH_MJMCNJ ‒Q@MI@ GH LJNMNZXH“
QBJM GH MHI@CN@S
‒Q_@GXCCN@M ^ HUQ@_WJCN@M GHB CXBWNT@ GH QBJWJM@ HM BJ
TJ_NHGJG SHGJ HM BJ C@LXMNGJG GH QJCEN_N-HCEJ_JWN-CXSC@“
QJCEN_N-HCEJ_JWN-CXSC@“
D@_LXBJG@_; Yjbgnr Buzj Ccjmccjeuj
G@CHMWH; Bngnj Eujeujrumtj M`rnhij
WXW@_;
I_JG@; Zunmtó
JÚ@; ?1?:
G GN JW@_NJ;
GHGNC@hmJ;lns
jp`yjm Hstj ghgncjt`rnj
hstugn`s y hm hstj ghgncjg`
ln vngj j lns
j shiunr, djlnbnjrhs
bhs ghgnc` c`myj quh hbb`s
luce` lh
rhspht`,
cjrnú` y c`m t`g` c`rjzóm, hsphr` quh snijm jsì jyugêmg`lh ejstj bbhijr j lns
lhtjs quh ghsh` bbhijr y mjblhmth y` gh niujblhmth bhs jp`yjrìj hm t`g`.
GHGNC@ J; Hst` hstj ghgncjg` j lns g`chmths quhrng`s yj quh gh niujb ljmhrj
hbb`s lh jp`yjr`m hm t`g` l`lhmt` y c`l` tjlonîm lh hmshújr`m c`sjs quh
jûm m` c`lprhmgìj y m` b` sjoìj.
t`g` sh ghoh j hbb`s p`rquh hbb`s s`m c`l` um`s pjgrhs pjrj m`s`tr`s y bhs
jirjghzc` c`m luce` cjrnú` p`r ejohrlh jyugjg` hm lns lhtjs y hs jbi`
nlprhsn`mjmthh jprhmghr gh hbb`s.
nlprhsn`mjmt
GHGNC@ J; Hstj ghgncjg` j t`gjs bjs phrs`mjs quh bhs vjm j bhhr ` hcejrbh um
`k` hm ln pbjm gh mhi`cn` y hsphr` quh bhs hmcjmth y bhs iusth yj quh duh ehce`
c`m luce` hlphú` y c`m t`g` c`rjzóm y bhs jirjghzc` j v`s`tr`s, hsphr` quh
bh bhjm um ouhm j hsth bnor`, yj quh duh hscrnt` pjrj quh thmijm lês
nmd`rljcnóm s`orh hb thlj.
Q_HSHMWJCN@M;
Qjrj bj prhshmtjcnóm gh hsth pr`yhct` ghb (CXBWNT@ GH QBJWJM@ GH BJ
TJ_NHGJG SHGJ) mhchsnt` hb jp`y` gh lns pjgrhs y c`l` tjlonîm bj jyugj gh lns
g`chmths ghb êrhj y gh bjs ghlês êrhjs, pjrj hbb` p`mgrî hlphú` hm ln pbjm gh
mhi`cn` y shiunrî pjrj jghbjmth c`m jyugj gh lns djlnbnjrhs y g`chmths y mjbnzjmg`
ln prhshmtjcnóm gnrî quh m` ghkjrh gh phrghr hstj `p`rtumngjg quh lh gn` lns pjgrhs.
JI_JGHCNLNHMW@;
Hsth pbjm gh mhi`cn` y ln phrs`mj hstjrê jirjghcng` j bj nmstucnóm hgucjvj
C_DJ ‒Q`mi` gh Ljnmnquh“, yj quh irjcnjs j ln c`bhin` pugh hstugnjr y
jprhmghr lucejs c`sjs gh sus g`chmths, bhs jirjghzc` c`m t`g` c`rjzóm j ln
c`bhin` y j lns g`chmths .
Bhs jirjghzc` j lns pjgrhs quh hbb`s lh jyugjr`m hm t`g` l`lhmt`, pugh
hstugnjr c`m lucej rhsp`msjonbngjg y c`m c`mdnjmzj y m` ejorìj bbhijg` ejstj
g`mgh hst`y je`rj, p`r b` cujb pnhms` shiunr c`mtnmujmg` hm lns hstugn`s y ejstj
bbhijr thrlnmjr ln pr`dhsnóm.
Wjlonîm bhs jirjghzc` j t`gjs bjs phrs`mjs quh hcejr`m jp`y` j ln pbjm gh
mhi`cn` (cubtnv` gh pbêtjm`) yj quh snm hbb`s tjlonîm m` tuvnhrj jp`y` hm ln
pbjm gh mhi`cn`, bhs jirjghzc` luce` c`m t`g`
t`g` c`rjzóm ln ihmth, irjcnjs p`r hb
jp`y` quh lh gnhr`m y hst` shrê um rhcuhrg` pjrj v`s.
:.7.:. _HSXLHM HKHCXWNT@;
Hb cubv` gh pbêtjm` hs um` gh b`s pr`guct`s lês trjojkjg`s hm bj c`lumngjg
gh pjcenrn gh bj rhinóm gh cusc`, hm muhstrj z`mj hxnsthm gnvhrsjs vjrnhgjghs ghb
cubv` gh pbêtjm` quh sh jgjptjr`m c`m djcnbngjg ,pjrj hbb` ln phrs`mj sh ghgncó j
rhjbnzjr (Hb cubv` gh pbêtjm` gh bj vjrnhgjg shgj) , hsth pr`guct` sh trjojkjrj
s`bjlhmth pjrj hxp`rtjr j p`objg`s chrcjm`s, buhi` p`c` j p`c` b` hstjrhl`s
hxthmgnhmg` j bjs cnugjghs c`l` Zunbbjojloj y cuzc`, p`r b` cujb hsth pr`guct` b`
vhmghrhl`s j um ouhm prhcn` ojsjg` jb prhcn` gh bjs ejrnmjs hbjo`rjgjs gh `tr`s
pr`guct`s, b` vhmghrhl`s p`r fnb`s jum prhcn` gh :.81 s`bhs pjrj quh b`s cbnhmths sh
sjsdjchm gh muhstr` pr`guct`
pr`guct` y jsì pjrj p`ghr thmhr lês cbnhmths y muhstr` pr`y
pr`yhct`
hct`
snij crhcnhmg`.
C`m hsth pr`guct` hvntjrhl`s tjlonîm phrgngjs gh ijmjmcnjs y jsì lnsl` bj
phrgngj p`r gjú`s hm hb trjmsp`rth ghb pr`guct` j bj vhz pjrj `othmhr ljy`rhs
ijmjmcnjs hc`mólncjs, hsth pr`guct` ouscj hstrjthinjs c`m hlprhsjs snlnbjrhs pjrj
p`ghr sjbnr ghb hmt`rm` b`cjb y jsì hxpjmgnr muhstr` pr`yhct` p`r t`gj bj rhinóm y pjìs.
:.JSQHCW@S IHMH_JBHS;
:.:.
:.:. Nm
Nmtr
tr`g
`guc
uccn
cnóm
óm;;
‒Hb Cubv` gh Qbêtjm`“ hs luy rhc`m`cng` y ghljmgjg` hm b`s lhrcjg`s mjcn`mjbhs h
nmthrmjcn`mjbhs,
nmthrmjcn`mj bhs, p`r tjb l`v` sh hbjo`rjrj ljthrnjs prnljs ghb pbêtjm` gh bj vjrnhgjg
‒shgj y ejrtóm ohbbjc`“ c`m hb `okhv` gh jyugjr y sjsdjchr j bjs phrs`mjs quh
muhstr` pr`guct` hs rhc`lhmgjobh pjrj hb c`msul` euljm` yj quh c`mhmh
mutrnhmths y pr`thìmjs quh m`s jyugj luce` hm muhstrj sjbug, yj quh tjlonîm
hvntjl`s quh m`s gh bj jmhlnj y sn hs luy rhc`lhmgjobh c`msulnr hb pbêtjm` hm
ljthrnjs prnljs c`l`, bj ejrnmj gh pbêtjm`, ` ghrnvjg`s c`l`, drnturjs, pbêtjm` c`cng`
y hmtrh `tr`s y mjblhmth ln rhsubtjg`
rhsubtjg` gh ln pbjm gh mhi`cn` hs hxpjmgnr hb pbêtjm`
phr` hm ljthrnjs prnljs
prnljs j mnvhb mjcn`mjb yj quh thmgrìj um ouhm c`m
c`msul`.
sul`.
:.?.. Ghm
:.? Ghm`ln
`lnmjc
mjcnóm
nóm ghb pr`y
pr`yhct
hct`.
`.
Qr`guccnóm, c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm
c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm ghb cubv` gh pbêtjm` hm bj vjrnhgjg shgj.
:.3.
:.3. Mj
Mjtu
turjb
rjbhzj
hzj ghb
ghb pr`yhc
pr`yhct`
t`..
Hb prhshmth pr`yhct` hs umj jcvngjg jirìc`bj `rnhmtjgj j bj pr`guccnóm y
c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm
c`lhrcnjbnzj cnóm ghb pr`guct`, pjrj b`irjr umj jbtj rhmtjonbngjg hc`mólncj
gêmg`bh um vjb`r jirhijg` jc`rgh j bj ghljmgj ghb c`msulng`r.
:.8. Tnsnóm;
Shr bj lhk`r hlprhsj gh pr`guccnóm, shiunr ejcnhmg` crhchr muhstr` pr`guct` ghb
cubv` y trjmsd`rljcnóm gh pbêtjm` y `drhchr um pr`guct` gh cjbngjg y thmhr umj
rhmtjonbngjg jpr`pnjgj y hxp`rtjr hm irjmghs cjmgjghs muhstr` pr`guct`.
:.4. LNSN@M;
LNSN@M;
Bj lnsnóm ghb pr`yhct` hs ‒cubvjr hb pbêtjm` shgj hm cjmgjg pjrj buhi`
hxp`rtjrb`s“, quh sjsdjij bjs jbtjs mhchsngjghs ghb lhrcjg` hlpbhjmg` um ljmhk`
`p`rtum` b`irjmg` bj rhmtjonbngjg ghb pr`yhct` gurjmth hb hlp`, y ghb lnsl` l`g`
tjlonîm c`mtrnounr jb ghsjrr`bb` ghb lhgn` g`mgh sh hkhcutjrj hb pr`yhct` thmnhmg` um
cubv` thcmncjg` gh pbêtjm` .
:.9. XONCJCNÓM ^ B@CJBN[JCN@M GHB Q_@^HCW@
GHQJ_WJLHMW@; Cusc`
GHQJ_WJLHMW@;
Q_@TNMCNJ
Q_@TNMCNJ;; Bj c`mvhmcnóm
GNSW_NW@; Hcejrj
CHMW_@ Q@OBJG@; Nv`ce`th
C@LXMNGJG; Fuvnrnjrn
JBWNWXG; >11 lsml
CBNLJ; Wr`pncjb eûlhg`
:.5. @OKHWNT@S;
:.5.:. @OKHWNT@ IHMH_JB
‒Hbjo`rjcnóm gh ejrnmj ghb cubv` gh pbêtjm` hm bj hbjo`rjcnóm gh ejrnmj hm hb
shct`r gh fuvnrnjrn, gnstrnt` gh hcejrj, pr`vnmcnj gh bj c`mvhmcnóm.“
:.5.?. @OKHWNT@S HSQHCNDNC@S
@othmhr ljy`rhs nmirhs`s hc`mólnc`s c`m bj trjmsd`rljcnóm ghb pbêtjm` hm
ejrnmj.
_hjbnzjr um hstugn` gh lhrcjg`s b`cjbhs (nv`ce`th, Zunbbjojloj y cusc`) pjrj
bj c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm
Cjptjr irup`s gh c`msulng`rhs lhgnjmthghb pr`guct`. hm dhrnjs, gêmg`bh um
pjrcnpjcnóm
vjb`r jirhijg` jb pr`guct`.
C`mshrvjr hb pbêtjm` p`r ljy`r hlp` hm hb lhrcjg`.
:.5. KXSWNDNCJCN@M.
Bjs rjz`mhs p`r hb cujb lh l`vh j rhjbnzjr hsth pr`yhct` duhr`m p`r `othmhr
ljy`rhs nmirhs`s hc`mólnc`s
hc`mólnc`s gêmg`bh um vjb`r jirhijg` jb pr`guct` j bj vhz
c`rtjr hb cncb` lhrcjmb ghb c`msulng`r p`rquh sh vh quh hb c`st` ghb pr`guct`
julhmtj jb shr trjmsd`rljg` jsì tjlonîm c`mshrvjr p`r ljs hlp` hb drut`
c`shcejg` ghb pbêtjm`.
:.5.:. Kusdcjcnóm hc`mólncj
hc`mólncj..
Hb prhshmth pr`yhct` phrlnrê bj p`snonbngjg gh nmcrhlhmtj
nmcrhlhmtjrr bj pr`guccnóm gh
pbêtjm` hm d`rlj gnvhrsncjgj hm rhbjcnóm j `tr`s cubv`s, c`msniunhmg`
ojbjmchjr bj mutrncnóm gnjrnj gh bjs djlnbnjs, b` quh nmcrhlhmtj
nmcrhlhmtjrêrê b`s nmirhs`s
hc`mólnc`s gh t`g`s b`s jihmths vnmcubjg`s c`m hb pr`yhct`.
:.5.?. KXSWNDNCJCN@M WHCMNCJ.
Shiûm hb gnjim`sc`, b`s pr`obhljs nghmcjg`s s`m b`s sniunhmths;
Nmjghcujg` ljmhk` jir`mólnc`.
Jbtj nmcnghmcnj gh pbjijs y hmdhrlhgjghs.
Ghcnhmth ljmhk` hm bj c`shcej y p`st-c`shcej
p`st-c`shcej..
Gjú`s ghb pr`guct` jb trjmsp`rtjrb`.
W`gjs hstjs ghcnhmcnjs
ghcnhmcnjs ihmhrjm bj ojkj pr`gucvngjg ghb pbêtjm` hm hb cjlp`,
bbhvêmg`m`s j um rhsubtjg` gh ojk`s nmirhs`s hc`mólnc`s gh b`s jirncubt`rhs, j phsjr
quh hb êrhj gh nmuhmcnj hmh ouhmjs p`thmcnjbngjghs pjrj hb cubv` ghb pbêtjm`, hb
mnvhb gh bj vngj gh b`s jirncubt`rhs hm bj z`mj hm lhgnj p`r bj jushmcnj gh
c`m`cnlnhmt`s oêsnc`s s`orh hb ljmhk` jghcujg` gh bjs pbjmtjcn`mhs. Q`r hb
ghsc`m`cnlnhmt`
ghsc`m`cnlnhmt ` gh bjs p`thmcnjbngjghs y cjpjcngjg gh us` gh b`s rhcurs`s suhb`,
jiuj, pbjmtj y um ghcnhmth snsthlj gh c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm.
:.5.3. KXSWNDNCJCN@M S@CNJB.
Hb ghsjrr`bb` ghb pr`yhct` pr`gucv` pr`l`vhrê um ljy`r mnvhb gh hlpbh`
cujbntjv` y cujmtjv`. Sh trjojkjrê hm d`rlj nmthirjb pjrj ihmhrjr hstrjthinjs
tîcmncjs j m gh thmhr um ljmhk` hqunbnorjg` y hc`mólncjlhmt
hc`mólncjlhmthh hcnhmth y
s`sthmnobh, trjyhmg` c`msni` hb pr`irhs` phrs`mjb y bjo`rjb.
Gnrhctjlhmth ohmhcnjrj j b`s lnhlor`s gh bj djlnbnj y trjojkjg`rhs quh
Gnrhctjlhmth
pjrcnphm hm bjs gndhrhmths bjo`rhs cubturjbhs pr`pnjs ghb ljmhk` jir`mólnc` ghb
cubv` y gh ljmhrj nmgnrhctj j t`g`s b`s gndhrhmths jct`rhs quh d`rlhm pjrth gh bj
cjghmj pr`gucvj, tjbhs c`l` hlprhsj gh shrvncn`s gh ljqunmjrjs, hstjobhcnlnhmt`
gh nmsul`s jirìc`bjs y hmgjghs.
:.5.7. KXSWNDNCJCN@M JLONHMWJB.
Hb pbêtjm` hs umj pbjmtj quh sh jgjptj j gnvhrs`s p`s gh suhb` y pns`s
hc`bóinc`s jsì lnsl` sh pr`pjij rêpngjlhmth, hmh um ghsjrr`bb` rêpng` hm su
crhcnlnhmt`,
crhcnlnhmt `, sh jgjptj lês hm buijrhs eûlhg`s yj quh hmh um ghsjrr`bb` rêpng` hm
bjs rjìchs y hmh um ouhm ghsjrr`bb` hm bj pbjmtj lnslj y pr`guch s`bjlhmth gh um
jú` y hb drut` ljgurj jpr`xnljgjlhmt
jpr`xnljgjlhmthh gurjmth um`s 3 lhshs.
?. JMJBNSNS GH BJ SNWXJCN@M
?.:. JMJBNSNS NMWH_M@.
?.:.:. D@_WJBH[JS.
Bjs d`rtjbhzjs gh ln pbjm gh mhi`cn`s s`m;
Hxphrnhmcnj y c`m`cnlnhmt` hm hb cubv` gh pnúj
Hxphrnhmcnj
C`mtjl`s c`m rhcurs`s pr`pn`s
Whrrhm` pr`pn` y gnsp`mnobh.
Gnsp`mnonbngjg gh jbljcîm.
Jp`y` nmc`mgncn`mjb gh lns pjgrhs.
?.:.?. Ghonbngjghs
Bjs ghonbngjghs gh ln pbjm gh mhi`cn`s s`m;
Q`cj hxphrnhmcnj y c`m`cnlnhmt` ghb pr`yhct`
Qhrsnsthmcnj gh ljbhzjs p`r hxchs` gh bbuvnjs hm bj z`mj.
Ghsjstrhs mjturjbhs.
?.:.3. °Cól` c`rrhinr bjs ghonbngjghs0
Q`ghl`s c`rrhinr bjs ghonbngjghs gh muhstr` pbjm gh mhi`cn`s gh bj sniunhmth
ljmhrj;
_hjbnzjr hb ljmhk` `p`rtum` gh bjs bjo`rhs cubturjbhs yj shj usjmg` hb c`mtr`b
quìlnc` ` cubturjb.
?.?. Jmêbnsns hxthrm`;
?.?.:. @p`rtumngjghs
Tìj gh jcchs` gh trjmsp`rth.
Lhrcjg`s k`s pjrj bj c`lhrcnjbnzj
c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm.
cnóm.
@rijmnzjcnóm gh dhrnjs jir`nmgustrnjbhs.
jir`nmgustrnjbhs. Zuh m`s ornmgj umj `p`rtumngjg gh
jornrm`s y rhc`ihr hxphrnhmcnjs.
Dêcnb ljmhk` gh bjs p`gjs y bjo`rhs jirìc`bjs.
?.?.?. Jlhmjzjs
Jpjrncnóm gh pbjijs y hmdhrlhgjgh
hmdhrlhgjghs. s.
Nmhstjonbngjg ghb prhcn` ghb pbêtjm` y bj cjìgj gh b`s prhcn`s.
Cjlon` cbnlêc`.
?.?.3. °Cól` prhvhmnr bjs jlhmjzjs0
Ljmthmnhmg` bnlpn` hb thrrhm` y rhjbnzjmg` hb ljmhk` gh pbjijs y
hmdhrlhgjghss `p`rtumjlhmth
hmdhrlhgjgh `p`rtumjlhmth..
Jgqunrnr hqunp`s quh djcnbnthm bjs bjo`rhs cubturjbhs.
Qr`irjljr c`shcejs j trjvîs gh bj nmguccnóm `rjb hm b`s l`lhmt`s gh
ghljmgj.
Hstjr jbhrtjs j b`s pr`mósc`s cbnlêc`s.
CJQNWXB@ NNN
3. Gh
Ghdmn
dmncnó
cnóm
m ghb pr`g
pr`guct
uct`
`
Hb pr`guct` quh sh `drhchrê jb lhrcjg` shrê gh bj sniunhmth ljmhrj;
Hm hb jú` : sh `drhchrêm 3 lnb cnhmt`s gh ljm` gh pbêtjm` – drutj drhscj, gh bj vjrnhgjg
shgj, gh tjljú` umnd`rlh gh g`s cjbngjghs, prnlhrjs y shiumgjs quh sh `drhchrêm j
gndhrhmths prhcn`s, hb pr`guct` sh gnstrnounrê hm kjojs gh pbêsc`.
Hm hb jú` ? sh `drhchrêm gh > j :1 lnb cnhmt`s gh ljm` hm drutjs drhscjs jquì yj sh
nmcrhlhmtjrê hb nmirhs` hc`mólnc` gh b` cujb p`grìjl`s cubvjr `trjs vjrnhgjghs gh
pbêtjm` c`l` bj j ?: ` hb ejrtóm ohbbjc`.
3.:.
3.:. Wj
Wjlj
ljú`
ú` gh
ghbb pr`
pr`yh
yhct
ct`
`
Ln pbjm gh mhi`cn` ‒Q_@GXCCN@M ^ C@LH_CNJBN[JCN@
C@LH_CNJBN[JCN@M M GHB CXBWNT@ GH QBJWJM@
GH BJ TJ_NHGJG SHGJ“ cuhmtj c`m 7 jú`s gh cubv` gh pbêtjm`, ghmtr` gh hbb` sh
hmcuhmtrjm jpr`xnljgjlhmth
jpr`xnljgjlhmth gh 511 umngjghs, j pjrr gh bj shiumgj c`shcej bj
pr`guccnóm sh vj nmcrhlhmtjmg`
nmcrhlhmtjmg` b`irêmg`sh pr`gucnr jpr`xnljgjlhmth ejstj ? j 3lnb
cnhmt`s gh ljm` cjgj ? shljmjs.
3.
3.?.
?. Cj
Cjrj
rjct
cthrì
hrìsc
scjs
js ghb
ghb pr
pr`g
`guc
uct`
t`
Hb pr`guct` hm drutj drhscj quh `drhzc` hs um drut` gh pbêtjm` gh ouhm tjljú` c`b`r y
sjo`r hmh bjs sniunhmths cjrjcthrìscjs.
C`lp`sncnóm ghb drut` ghb pbêtjm` (c`mthmng` :11ir )
Irjsj %
Eulhgjg %
Qr`thìmjs %
Cjro`engrjt`s
Cjbcn`
D`sd`r`
Enhrr`
Wnjlnmj li
3.
3.3
3. O`
O`mg
mgjg
jghs
hs ghb
ghb pr
pr`g
`guc
uct`
t`
Lhk`rj bj cnrcubjcnóm gh bj sjmirh.
Gnihsv` mutrncn`mjb.
Jyugj j ojkjr gh prhcn`.
Julhmtj ghdhmsjs.
Jyugj j
3.7. Ihmhrjbngjghs ghb cubv` gh pbêtjm` shgj
3.7.
3.7.:.
:. @r
@rni
nihm
hm ghb
ghb pbê
pbêtj
tjm`
m` (lu
(lusj
sj-p
-pjr
jrjg
jgns
nsnj
njcj
cj);
); Hb
Hb pbêtjm` hmh
su `rnihm hm Jsnj lhrngn`mjb, snhmg` c`m`cng` Hm hb lhgnthrrêmh` ghsgh jú`
481 g.c. bj hsphcnh bbhi` j Cjmjrnjs hm hb snib` UT y ghsgh jbbì duh bbhvjg` j
Jlîrncj hm hb jú` :8:4. Hb cubv` c`lhrcnjb sh nmncnj hm cjmjrnjs j mhs ghb
snib` UNU y prnmcnpn`s ghb snib` UU. Hb pbêtjm` ljce` y hb ojmjmnt` s`m pr`pn`s
ghb sug`hsth jsnêc`, su cubv` sh j hxthmgng` j lucejs rhin`mhs gh
Chmtr`jlîrncj y Sugjlîrncj.
3.7.?. Wjx`m`lìj; _HNM@; Qbjmtjh
GNTNSN@M; Ljim`bn`peytj
CBJSH; Bnbn`psngj
@_GHM; [nminohrjbhs
DJLNBNJ; Lusjchjh
IHMH_@; Lusj
HSQHCNH; L. pjrjgnsnjcj
3.7.3. O`têmncj; hb m`lorh cnhmc` lusj x pjrjgnsnjcj y b`s m`lorhs
c`lumhs pbjtjmhrj, pbêtjm`, ojmjmhrj ` ojmjm` ejchm rhdhrhmcnj j um irjm
mûlhr` gh pbjmtjs ehroêchjs ghb iîmhr` lusj, tjmt` eìorng`s `othmng`s
e`rcubturjblhmth j pjrr gh bjs hsphcnhs snbvhstrhs lusj jculnmjtj y lusj
ojboncnjmj c`l` cubvjrhs ihmîcjlhmth pur`s gh hstjs hsphcnhs, y cuy`s
drut`s sh c`m`chm c`l` pbêtjm`, ojmjmj, ojmjm`, lìmnl`, cjlour,
t`p`ce`, ljgur` ` iunmh`, hm dumcnóm gh b`s cubv`s.
3.7.7. Dnsn`b`iìj; Hb iîmhr` lusj hmh su chmtr` prnljrn` gh g`lhscjcnóm
hm hb sughsth jsnêc`. Lusj jculnmjtj hmh su `rnihm ljy`r gnstrnoucnóm
hm hb sughsth jsnêc`. Bj z`mj nmsubjr ghb surhsth jsnêc` hmh um cbnlj
hcujt`rnjb ` tr`pncjb eûlhg` snm prhshmtjr umj hstjcnóm shcj ghmngj, c`m
um t`tjb gh bbuvnj gh 31?1
31? 1 ll y um pr`lhgn` lhmsujb gh ?8 ?8?ll.
?ll. J phsjr
ghb `rnihm tr`pncjb ghb ihmhr` lusj, hb 58 % gh b`s ccnhmt`s
nhmt`s gh vjrnhgjghs
cubvjgjs gh ojmjm` y pbêtjm`s sh cubvjm pjrj c`msum` b`cjbb`c jb hm bjs
rhin`mhs tr`pncjbhs y suotr`pncjbhs, hm b`s cujbhs jbium`s gh hst`s ljthrnjbhs
sh ejm cubvjg` p`r lnbhs gh jú`s lhgnjmth pr`pjijcnóm vhihtjvj `
cb`mjb.
3.8.. _hq
3.8 _hquhr
uhrnln
nlnhmt
hmt`s
`s y hxnih
hxnihmcn
mcnjs
js ghb cub
cubv`
v` gh pbêtj
pbêtjm`.
m`.
3.8.:. Whlphrjturj
Bj thlphrjturj jmujb rhquhrngj pjrj um jghcujg` crhcnlnhmt` `scnbj hmtrh ?3 y 31 irjg`s
chmirjg`s, c`m um `pl` gh ?9 irjg`s chmirjg`s, thlphrjturjs nmdhrn`rhs j ?3 irjg`s. Bj
thlphrjturj pr`lhgn` pjrj bj rhinóm gh hrrj rlh hs gh ?7.? ±c hm b`s lhshs gh hmhr` y
kumn`, rhsphcvjlhmth
rhsphcvjlhmth pjrj bj z`mj nmsubjr, bj lhgnj
lhgnj hs gh ?4.: ±c, c`m lìmnlj y
lêxnlj gh ?8.> ±c y ?4.7 ±c hm hmhr` y ljy`, rhsphcvjlhmth.
3.8.?. Qbuvn`lhtrìj
Hb pbêtjm` rhqunhrh gh umj prhcnpntjcnóm pbuvnjb lhgnj jmujb hmtrh 811 y :811 lsml. Jumquh
hs p`c` rhsnsthmth, bj djbtj gh jiuj hm bj htjpj nmlhgnjtj ghspuîs gh bj snhlorj y hm hb nmncn`
gh bj `rjcnóm y d`rljcnóm ghb drut` rhtjrgj hb crhcnlnhmt` gh bj pbjmtj y rhguch hb tjljú` ghb
drut`.
3.8.3. Bulnm`sngjg
Hb mulhr` gh e`rjs ornbb` s`bjr p`r jú` ghoh suphrjr bjs :?11 e`rjs, c`msnghrjmg` `pl` ljs
gh :811 e`rjs buz jmujbhs. Xmj nbulnmjcnóm luy nmthmsj cjusj quhljgurjs hm bj suphrcnh ghb
drut`, lnhmtrjs quh, sn bj nmthmsngjg hs ojkj sh pr`guch gnslnmucnóm hm hb c`mthmng` gh jzûcjr
y umj ljgurhs rêpngj, hst` ejch quh sh gjúh hb dut` ghb pbêtjm` y yj m` shj rhsnsthmth pjrj hb
trjmsp`rth.
3.4.
3.4. Hs
Hsph
phcn
cndc
dcjc
jcn`
n`mh
mhss Wî
Wîcm
cmnc
ncjs
js
Wnhmh d`rlj `ob`mij, jbjrijgj y jbi` curvjg`. Hsth pbêtjm` hs umj drutj tr`pncjb gh pnhb iruhsj,
pubpj cjrm`sj y t`mjbngjg objmcj y bnihrjlhmth jljrnbbhmtj y cujmg` hsth ljgur` hmh um
sjo`r y um c`b`r sujvh.
3.
3.4
4.:
.:.. Xonc
Xoncjjcn
cnóm
óm ghb th
thrr
rrhm
hm`;
`; sh uoncjrê um thrrhm` bbjm` c`m
Xm p` gh suhb` drjmc` gh dêcnb grhmjkh, hrrj suhbtj y mhirj c`m um p`c` gh eulhgjg y quh
thmij jcchs` j bj cjrrhthrj y jiuj
3.4
.4.?
.?.. Bnl
Bnlpn
pnhz
hzjj gh
ghbb th
thrr
rrhm
hm`
`; hstj jcvngjg c`msnsth hm rhjbnzjr
hb r`ch ` tuloj, quhlj y ljmc`ph` c`m bj mjbngjg gh hbnlnmjr b`s rhst`s quh nlphgnrêm hb
dêcnb ljmhk` ghb cubv`6 bjs ehrrjlnhmtjs quh sh ubnzjrjm pjrj hstj jcvngjg s`m hb ljcehth,
ejcej y l`t`snhrrj.
3.4
.4.3
.3.. Wrjzjg` y surcjg`; Hm hstj htjpj sh pr`chghrê j rhjbnzjr
B`s Wrjz`s6 b`s gnstjmcnjlnhmt`s shrêm 7 x 7 l gh surc` j surc` y 7 x 7 ` 8 x 8 l pbjmtj j
pbjmtj pjrj bj vjrnhgjg shgj. Shpjrêmg`bjs j bj gnstjmcnj shbhccn`mjgj y kjg` hstjs p`r sus
hxtrhl`s, p`r lhgn` gh hstjcjs u `tr` nlpbhlhmt` quh djcnbnth hstj bjo`r6 buhi` sh gnstrnouyh
hb enkuhb` jb bjg` gh cjgj
c jgj e`y` y sh pr`chgh j shlorjrbj.
3.4
.4.7
.7.. Jo`
o`mj
mjln
lnhm
hmtt` gh
gh `m
`mg`
g`;; Sh nmc`rp`rjrê um jo`mjlnhmt`
Gh ojsh c`m r`cj d`sdórncj 311 ir. Qjrj umj cjrrhbbj gh cc`lp`st,
`lp`st, quh shrê hspjrcngj gh
ljmhrj e`l`iîmhj, jcvngjg sh rhjbnzj c`m bj mjbngjg gh jshiurjr quh bj pbjmtj crhzcj
vni`r`sj y rhsnsthmth j hmdhrlhgjghs.
3.4.8. Shbhccnóm y trjtjlnhmt` gh enkuhb`s; Hb ljthrnjb gh pr`pjijcnóm quh
sh ubnzjrj shrêm gh prhdhrhmcnj gh pjrchbjs bnorhs gh hmdhrlhgjghs, ` quh ejyjm thmng`
ouhm`s rhsubtjg`s hm bj pr`guccnóm. Jmths gh rhjbnzjr bj snhlorj sh ghsnmdhctjrê hb enkuhb`
ejcnhmg` umj nmlhrsnóm hm um nmshccngj y dumincngj.
pbjmtjcnóm;;
3.4.4. pbjmtjcnóm bj pbjmtjcnóm sh rhjbnzjrê hm surc`s gh umj s`b` bìmhj ubnzjmg` hb
gnstjmcnjlnhmt` gh 7 lhtr`s surc`s y 7l hmtrh pbjmtjs pjrj djcnbntjr bjs gndhrhmths bjo`rhs quh
sh rhjbnzjrjm gurjmth hb ghsjrr`bb` ghb cubv`, hstj jcvngjg sh rhjbnzjrj gh bj sniunhmth
ljmhrj; sh shpjrjm bj gnstjmcnj shbhccn`mjgj y kjmg` hstj p`r sus hxtrhl`s, p`r lhgn` gh
hstjcjs cbjvjgjs Hm hb suhb`. Shiungjlhmth sh pr`chgh jb e`yjg` ubnzjmg` um pnc` y ljcehth,
buhi` sh gnstrnouyh b`s enkuhb`s jb bjg` gh cjgj e`y` y sh pr`chgh hb pbjmtjg`.
3.4.9. Ghsenhroh; Hm hb cubv` gh pbêtjm` jdhctjm ljbhzjs gh t`g` p` y tjlonîm
ghphmgnhmg` gh bj z`mj y gh bj bnlpnhzj ghb thrrhm` g`mgh sh vj pbjmtjr hb enkuhb`. Hb c`mtr`b
gh bj ljbhzj sh nmncnjrê ghsgh bj prhpjrjcnóm gh bj hrrj, pjrj b` quh ejrê um ghsenhroh jmths
quh bjs ljbhzjs `rhzcjm y or`thm shlnbbjs, hstj jcvngjg sh rhjbnzjrê c`mstjmth cjgj ? lhshs
j b` luce`.
3.4.5. Dhrbnzjcnóm; sh rhjbnzjrê gìjs ghspuîs gh bj pbjmtjcnóm y hb jo`mjlnhmt` gh
d`mg` g`mgh hb pbêtjm` c`lhmzjrj j hlnr rjìchs quh hstêm ? j 3 pubijgjs
3.4.>. p`snobhs pbjijs quh jtjcjrìjm jb cubv` gh bj pnúj hm
pjcenrn; bjs prnmcnpjbhs pbjijs gh ljy`r nlp`rtjmcnj hc`mólncj hm hb cubv` gh pbêtjm` hm
pjcenrn
QNCXG@; jtjcj jb pbêtjm` lnsl` gh bj ojsh ghb tjbb` jdhct` j bj pr`guccnóm ghb pbêtjm` y
ghonbntêmg`b`, gjmg` um drut` phquhú` y ghsd`rljg`.
3.4.:1. p`snobhs hmhrlhgjghs quh jhctjrìjm jb cubv` gh
pbêtjm`;
3.9. C`shcej ghb pbêtjm`; bj c`shcej ghb pbêtjm` sh rhjbnzjrê cjgj
c jgj ? shljmjs,
c`rtjs hb pbêtjm` c`m cungjg` ghspuîs b` trjsbjgjs pjrj su vhmtj, c`mmujmg` gh trjsbjgjr b`
ljmhjs hm um s`b` buijr y jb mjbnzjr b` bjvjl`s c`m jiuj hm um bjvjg`r ` ojbgh y buhi` bh
c`mtjl`s hm cjgj cnhmt` y p`r ûbl` b` vhmghl`s j muhstr`s cbnhmths.
3.5. phgrnpjp
C`mtjmg` gh jmthljm` c`m hb m`lorh gh phgrnpjp, sh rhjbnzjrê pr`pjijmgjs pjrj
p`pubjrnzjrbj hm b`s irup`s nmdjmbhs y kuvhmnbhs hm dhrnjs y hstjs lhgn`s gh c`lumncjcnóm.
@phrjcn`mhs oêsncjs pjrj bj hbjo`rjcnóm gh ejrnmj gh pbêtjm`
DBXK@ I_JLJ GH HBJO@_JCN@M GH EJ_NMJ GH QBJWJM@ (TJ_NHGJG
SHGJ)
_HCHQCN@M GH LJWH_NJ Q_NLJ
SHBHCCNÓM
QHSJG@
BJTJG@
GHCNMDHCWJG@
QHBJG@
SHCJG@
L@BNG@
HMTJSJG@
HMD_NJG@
JBLJCHMJG@
CJQNWXB@ NT
7.Hstugn` ghb lhrcjg`
7.:. Jmêbnsns gh bj ghljmgj
7.:.:. B`cjbnzjcnóm ghb lhrcjg`