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PDF Plan de Negocio Cultivo de Platano - Compress

This document discusses a plan to transform banana into flour in the province of Fujian, China. The plan aims to increase economic opportunities for farmers and local communities by developing new products and markets for banana beyond its traditional uses. It describes how banana flour can be produced and commercialized on an industrial scale to meet growing demand.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
59 views12 pages

PDF Plan de Negocio Cultivo de Platano - Compress

This document discusses a plan to transform banana into flour in the province of Fujian, China. The plan aims to increase economic opportunities for farmers and local communities by developing new products and markets for banana beyond its traditional uses. It describes how banana flour can be produced and commercialized on an industrial scale to meet growing demand.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‒JÚ@ GHB ONCHMWHMJ_N@ GHB QH_X“

CHMW_@ _X_JB GH D@_LJCN@M HM


JBWH_MJMCNJ ‒Q@MI@ GH LJNMNZXH“

QBJM GH MHI@CN@S
‒Q_@GXCCN@M ^ HUQ@_WJCN@M GHB CXBWNT@ GH QBJWJM@ HM BJ
TJ_NHGJG SHGJ HM BJ C@LXMNGJG GH QJCEN_N-HCEJ_JWN-CXSC@“
QJCEN_N-HCEJ_JWN-CXSC@“

D@_LXBJG@_; Yjbgnr Buzj Ccjmccjeuj


G@CHMWH; Bngnj Eujeujrumtj M`rnhij
WXW@_;
I_JG@; Zunmtó
JÚ@; ?1?:
G GN JW@_NJ;

GHGNC@hmJ;lns
jp`yjm Hstj ghgncjt`rnj
hstugn`s y hm hstj ghgncjg`
ln vngj j lns
j shiunr, djlnbnjrhs
bhs ghgnc` c`myj quh hbb`s
luce` lh
rhspht`,
cjrnú` y c`m t`g` c`rjzóm, hsphr` quh snijm jsì jyugêmg`lh ejstj bbhijr j lns
lhtjs quh ghsh` bbhijr y mjblhmth y` gh niujblhmth bhs jp`yjrìj hm t`g`.

GHGNC@ J; Hst` hstj ghgncjg` j lns g`chmths quhrng`s yj quh gh niujb ljmhrj
hbb`s lh jp`yjr`m hm t`g` l`lhmt` y c`l` tjlonîm lh hmshújr`m c`sjs quh
jûm m` c`lprhmgìj y m` b` sjoìj.
t`g` sh ghoh j hbb`s p`rquh hbb`s s`m c`l` um`s pjgrhs pjrj m`s`tr`s y bhs
jirjghzc` c`m luce` cjrnú` p`r ejohrlh jyugjg` hm lns lhtjs y hs jbi`
nlprhsn`mjmthh jprhmghr gh hbb`s.
nlprhsn`mjmt

GHGNC@ J; Hstj ghgncjg` j t`gjs bjs phrs`mjs quh bhs vjm j bhhr ` hcejrbh um
`k` hm ln pbjm gh mhi`cn` y hsphr` quh bhs hmcjmth y bhs iusth yj quh duh ehce`
c`m luce` hlphú` y c`m t`g` c`rjzóm y bhs jirjghzc` j v`s`tr`s, hsphr` quh
bh bhjm um ouhm j hsth bnor`, yj quh duh hscrnt` pjrj quh thmijm lês
nmd`rljcnóm s`orh hb thlj.

Q_HSHMWJCN@M;
Qjrj bj prhshmtjcnóm gh hsth pr`yhct` ghb (CXBWNT@ GH QBJWJM@ GH BJ
TJ_NHGJG SHGJ) mhchsnt` hb jp`y` gh lns pjgrhs y c`l` tjlonîm bj jyugj gh lns
g`chmths ghb êrhj y gh bjs ghlês êrhjs, pjrj hbb` p`mgrî hlphú` hm ln pbjm gh
mhi`cn` y shiunrî pjrj jghbjmth c`m jyugj gh lns djlnbnjrhs y g`chmths y mjbnzjmg`
ln prhshmtjcnóm gnrî quh m` ghkjrh gh phrghr hstj `p`rtumngjg quh lh gn` lns pjgrhs.
JI_JGHCNLNHMW@;
 Hsth pbjm gh mhi`cn` y ln phrs`mj hstjrê jirjghcng` j bj nmstucnóm hgucjvj
C_DJ ‒Q`mi` gh Ljnmnquh“, yj quh irjcnjs j ln c`bhin` pugh hstugnjr y
jprhmghr lucejs c`sjs gh sus g`chmths, bhs jirjghzc` c`m t`g` c`rjzóm j ln
c`bhin` y j lns g`chmths .

 Bhs jirjghzc` j lns pjgrhs quh hbb`s lh jyugjr`m hm t`g` l`lhmt`, pugh
hstugnjr c`m lucej rhsp`msjonbngjg y c`m c`mdnjmzj y m` ejorìj bbhijg` ejstj
g`mgh hst`y je`rj, p`r b` cujb pnhms` shiunr c`mtnmujmg` hm lns hstugn`s y ejstj
bbhijr thrlnmjr ln pr`dhsnóm.

 Wjlonîm bhs jirjghzc` j t`gjs bjs phrs`mjs quh hcejr`m jp`y` j ln pbjm gh
mhi`cn` (cubtnv` gh pbêtjm`) yj quh snm hbb`s tjlonîm m` tuvnhrj jp`y` hm ln
pbjm gh mhi`cn`, bhs jirjghzc` luce` c`m t`g`
t`g` c`rjzóm ln ihmth, irjcnjs p`r hb
jp`y` quh lh gnhr`m y hst` shrê um rhcuhrg` pjrj v`s.

:.7.:. _HSXLHM HKHCXWNT@;


Hb cubv` gh pbêtjm` hs um` gh b`s pr`guct`s lês trjojkjg`s hm bj c`lumngjg
gh pjcenrn gh bj rhinóm gh cusc`, hm muhstrj z`mj hxnsthm gnvhrsjs vjrnhgjghs ghb
cubv` gh pbêtjm` quh sh jgjptjr`m c`m djcnbngjg ,pjrj hbb` ln phrs`mj sh ghgncó j
rhjbnzjr (Hb cubv` gh pbêtjm` gh bj vjrnhgjg shgj) , hsth pr`guct` sh trjojkjrj
s`bjlhmth pjrj hxp`rtjr j p`objg`s chrcjm`s, buhi` p`c` j p`c` b` hstjrhl`s
hxthmgnhmg` j bjs cnugjghs c`l` Zunbbjojloj y cuzc`, p`r b` cujb hsth pr`guct` b`
vhmghrhl`s j um ouhm prhcn` ojsjg` jb prhcn` gh bjs ejrnmjs hbjo`rjgjs gh `tr`s
pr`guct`s, b` vhmghrhl`s p`r fnb`s jum prhcn` gh :.81 s`bhs pjrj quh b`s cbnhmths sh
sjsdjchm gh muhstr` pr`guct`
pr`guct` y jsì pjrj p`ghr thmhr lês cbnhmths y muhstr` pr`y
pr`yhct`
hct`
snij crhcnhmg`.
C`m hsth pr`guct` hvntjrhl`s tjlonîm phrgngjs gh ijmjmcnjs y jsì lnsl` bj
phrgngj p`r gjú`s hm hb trjmsp`rth ghb pr`guct` j bj vhz pjrj `othmhr ljy`rhs
ijmjmcnjs hc`mólncjs, hsth pr`guct` ouscj hstrjthinjs c`m hlprhsjs snlnbjrhs pjrj
p`ghr sjbnr ghb hmt`rm` b`cjb y jsì hxpjmgnr muhstr` pr`yhct` p`r t`gj bj rhinóm y pjìs.

:.JSQHCW@S IHMH_JBHS;
:.:.
:.:. Nm
Nmtr
tr`g
`guc
uccn
cnóm
óm;;
‒Hb Cubv` gh Qbêtjm`“ hs luy rhc`m`cng` y ghljmgjg` hm b`s lhrcjg`s mjcn`mjbhs h
nmthrmjcn`mjbhs,
nmthrmjcn`mj bhs, p`r tjb l`v` sh hbjo`rjrj ljthrnjs prnljs ghb pbêtjm` gh bj vjrnhgjg
‒shgj y ejrtóm ohbbjc`“ c`m hb `okhv` gh jyugjr y sjsdjchr j bjs phrs`mjs quh
muhstr` pr`guct` hs rhc`lhmgjobh pjrj hb c`msul` euljm` yj quh c`mhmh
mutrnhmths y pr`thìmjs quh m`s jyugj luce` hm muhstrj sjbug, yj quh tjlonîm
hvntjl`s quh m`s gh bj jmhlnj y sn hs luy rhc`lhmgjobh c`msulnr hb pbêtjm` hm
ljthrnjs prnljs c`l`, bj ejrnmj gh pbêtjm`, ` ghrnvjg`s c`l`, drnturjs, pbêtjm` c`cng`
y hmtrh `tr`s y mjblhmth ln rhsubtjg`
rhsubtjg` gh ln pbjm gh mhi`cn` hs hxpjmgnr hb pbêtjm`
phr` hm ljthrnjs prnljs
prnljs j mnvhb mjcn`mjb yj quh thmgrìj um ouhm c`m
c`msul`.
sul`.

:.?.. Ghm
:.? Ghm`ln
`lnmjc
mjcnóm
nóm ghb pr`y
pr`yhct
hct`.
`.
Qr`guccnóm, c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm
c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm ghb cubv` gh pbêtjm` hm bj vjrnhgjg shgj.

:.3.
:.3. Mj
Mjtu
turjb
rjbhzj
hzj ghb
ghb pr`yhc
pr`yhct`
t`..
Hb prhshmth pr`yhct` hs umj jcvngjg jirìc`bj `rnhmtjgj j bj pr`guccnóm y
c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm
c`lhrcnjbnzj cnóm ghb pr`guct`, pjrj b`irjr umj jbtj rhmtjonbngjg hc`mólncj
gêmg`bh um vjb`r jirhijg` jc`rgh j bj ghljmgj ghb c`msulng`r.

:.8. Tnsnóm;
Shr bj lhk`r hlprhsj gh pr`guccnóm, shiunr ejcnhmg` crhchr muhstr` pr`guct` ghb
cubv` y trjmsd`rljcnóm gh pbêtjm` y `drhchr um pr`guct` gh cjbngjg y thmhr umj
rhmtjonbngjg jpr`pnjgj y hxp`rtjr hm irjmghs cjmgjghs muhstr` pr`guct`.

:.4. LNSN@M;
LNSN@M;
Bj lnsnóm ghb pr`yhct` hs ‒cubvjr hb pbêtjm` shgj hm cjmgjg pjrj buhi`
hxp`rtjrb`s“, quh sjsdjij bjs jbtjs mhchsngjghs ghb lhrcjg` hlpbhjmg` um ljmhk`
`p`rtum` b`irjmg` bj rhmtjonbngjg ghb pr`yhct` gurjmth hb hlp`, y ghb lnsl` l`g`

tjlonîm c`mtrnounr jb ghsjrr`bb` ghb lhgn` g`mgh sh hkhcutjrj hb pr`yhct` thmnhmg` um


cubv` thcmncjg` gh pbêtjm` .
:.9. XONCJCNÓM ^ B@CJBN[JCN@M GHB Q_@^HCW@
GHQJ_WJLHMW@; Cusc`
GHQJ_WJLHMW@;
 Q_@TNMCNJ
Q_@TNMCNJ;; Bj c`mvhmcnóm
 GNSW_NW@; Hcejrj
 CHMW_@ Q@OBJG@; Nv`ce`th

 C@LXMNGJG; Fuvnrnjrn
 JBWNWXG; >11 lsml
 CBNLJ; Wr`pncjb eûlhg`

:.5. @OKHWNT@S;
:.5.:. @OKHWNT@ IHMH_JB
‒Hbjo`rjcnóm gh ejrnmj ghb cubv` gh pbêtjm` hm bj hbjo`rjcnóm gh ejrnmj hm hb
shct`r gh fuvnrnjrn, gnstrnt` gh hcejrj, pr`vnmcnj gh bj c`mvhmcnóm.“

:.5.?. @OKHWNT@S HSQHCNDNC@S


 @othmhr ljy`rhs nmirhs`s hc`mólnc`s c`m bj trjmsd`rljcnóm ghb pbêtjm` hm
ejrnmj.
 _hjbnzjr um hstugn` gh lhrcjg`s b`cjbhs (nv`ce`th, Zunbbjojloj y cusc`) pjrj


bj c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm
Cjptjr irup`s gh c`msulng`rhs lhgnjmthghb pr`guct`. hm dhrnjs, gêmg`bh um
pjrcnpjcnóm
vjb`r jirhijg` jb pr`guct`.
 C`mshrvjr hb pbêtjm` p`r ljy`r hlp` hm hb lhrcjg`.

:.5. KXSWNDNCJCN@M.
Bjs rjz`mhs p`r hb cujb lh l`vh j rhjbnzjr hsth pr`yhct` duhr`m p`r `othmhr
ljy`rhs nmirhs`s hc`mólnc`s
hc`mólnc`s gêmg`bh um vjb`r jirhijg` jb pr`guct` j bj vhz
c`rtjr hb cncb` lhrcjmb ghb c`msulng`r p`rquh sh vh quh hb c`st` ghb pr`guct`
julhmtj jb shr trjmsd`rljg` jsì tjlonîm c`mshrvjr p`r ljs hlp` hb drut`
c`shcejg` ghb pbêtjm`.

:.5.:. Kusdcjcnóm hc`mólncj


hc`mólncj..
Hb prhshmth pr`yhct` phrlnrê bj p`snonbngjg gh nmcrhlhmtj
nmcrhlhmtjrr bj pr`guccnóm gh
pbêtjm` hm d`rlj gnvhrsncjgj hm rhbjcnóm j `tr`s cubv`s, c`msniunhmg`
ojbjmchjr bj mutrncnóm gnjrnj gh bjs djlnbnjs, b` quh nmcrhlhmtj
nmcrhlhmtjrêrê b`s nmirhs`s
hc`mólnc`s gh t`g`s b`s jihmths vnmcubjg`s c`m hb pr`yhct`.

:.5.?. KXSWNDNCJCN@M WHCMNCJ.


Shiûm hb gnjim`sc`, b`s pr`obhljs nghmcjg`s s`m b`s sniunhmths;
 Nmjghcujg` ljmhk` jir`mólnc`.
 Jbtj nmcnghmcnj gh pbjijs y hmdhrlhgjghs.
 Ghcnhmth ljmhk` hm bj c`shcej y p`st-c`shcej
p`st-c`shcej..
 Gjú`s ghb pr`guct` jb trjmsp`rtjrb`.

W`gjs hstjs ghcnhmcnjs


ghcnhmcnjs ihmhrjm bj ojkj pr`gucvngjg ghb pbêtjm` hm hb cjlp`,
bbhvêmg`m`s j um rhsubtjg` gh ojk`s nmirhs`s hc`mólnc`s gh b`s jirncubt`rhs, j phsjr
quh hb êrhj gh nmuhmcnj hmh ouhmjs p`thmcnjbngjghs pjrj hb cubv` ghb pbêtjm`, hb
mnvhb gh bj vngj gh b`s jirncubt`rhs hm bj z`mj hm lhgnj p`r bj jushmcnj gh
c`m`cnlnhmt`s oêsnc`s s`orh hb ljmhk` jghcujg` gh bjs pbjmtjcn`mhs. Q`r hb
ghsc`m`cnlnhmt`
ghsc`m`cnlnhmt ` gh bjs p`thmcnjbngjghs y cjpjcngjg gh us` gh b`s rhcurs`s suhb`,
jiuj, pbjmtj y um ghcnhmth snsthlj gh c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm.

:.5.3. KXSWNDNCJCN@M S@CNJB.


Hb ghsjrr`bb` ghb pr`yhct` pr`gucv` pr`l`vhrê um ljy`r mnvhb gh hlpbh`
cujbntjv` y cujmtjv`. Sh trjojkjrê hm d`rlj nmthirjb pjrj ihmhrjr hstrjthinjs
tîcmncjs j m gh thmhr um ljmhk` hqunbnorjg` y hc`mólncjlhmt
hc`mólncjlhmthh hcnhmth y
s`sthmnobh, trjyhmg` c`msni` hb pr`irhs` phrs`mjb y bjo`rjb.
Gnrhctjlhmth ohmhcnjrj j b`s lnhlor`s gh bj djlnbnj y trjojkjg`rhs quh
Gnrhctjlhmth
pjrcnphm hm bjs gndhrhmths bjo`rhs cubturjbhs pr`pnjs ghb ljmhk` jir`mólnc` ghb
cubv` y gh ljmhrj nmgnrhctj j t`g`s b`s gndhrhmths jct`rhs quh d`rlhm pjrth gh bj
cjghmj pr`gucvj, tjbhs c`l` hlprhsj gh shrvncn`s gh ljqunmjrjs, hstjobhcnlnhmt`
gh nmsul`s jirìc`bjs y hmgjghs.

:.5.7. KXSWNDNCJCN@M JLONHMWJB.


Hb pbêtjm` hs umj pbjmtj quh sh jgjptj j gnvhrs`s p`s gh suhb` y pns`s
hc`bóinc`s jsì lnsl` sh pr`pjij rêpngjlhmth, hmh um ghsjrr`bb` rêpng` hm su
crhcnlnhmt`,
crhcnlnhmt `, sh jgjptj lês hm buijrhs eûlhg`s yj quh hmh um ghsjrr`bb` rêpng` hm
bjs rjìchs y hmh um ouhm ghsjrr`bb` hm bj pbjmtj lnslj y pr`guch s`bjlhmth gh um
jú` y hb drut` ljgurj jpr`xnljgjlhmt
jpr`xnljgjlhmthh gurjmth um`s 3 lhshs.
?. JMJBNSNS GH BJ SNWXJCN@M
?.:. JMJBNSNS NMWH_M@.
?.:.:. D@_WJBH[JS.
Bjs d`rtjbhzjs gh ln pbjm gh mhi`cn`s s`m;
 Hxphrnhmcnj y c`m`cnlnhmt` hm hb cubv` gh pnúj
Hxphrnhmcnj
 C`mtjl`s c`m rhcurs`s pr`pn`s
 Whrrhm` pr`pn` y gnsp`mnobh.
 Gnsp`mnonbngjg gh jbljcîm.
 Jp`y` nmc`mgncn`mjb gh lns pjgrhs.

?.:.?. Ghonbngjghs
Bjs ghonbngjghs gh ln pbjm gh mhi`cn`s s`m;
 Q`cj hxphrnhmcnj y c`m`cnlnhmt` ghb pr`yhct`
 Qhrsnsthmcnj gh ljbhzjs p`r hxchs` gh bbuvnjs hm bj z`mj.
 Ghsjstrhs mjturjbhs.

?.:.3. °Cól` c`rrhinr bjs ghonbngjghs0


Q`ghl`s c`rrhinr bjs ghonbngjghs gh muhstr` pbjm gh mhi`cn`s gh bj sniunhmth
ljmhrj;
 _hjbnzjr hb ljmhk` `p`rtum` gh bjs bjo`rhs cubturjbhs yj shj usjmg` hb c`mtr`b
quìlnc` ` cubturjb.

?.?. Jmêbnsns hxthrm`;

?.?.:. @p`rtumngjghs
Tìj gh jcchs` gh trjmsp`rth.

 Lhrcjg`s k`s pjrj bj c`lhrcnjbnzj
c`lhrcnjbnzjcnóm.
cnóm.
 @rijmnzjcnóm gh dhrnjs jir`nmgustrnjbhs.
jir`nmgustrnjbhs. Zuh m`s ornmgj umj `p`rtumngjg gh
jornrm`s y rhc`ihr hxphrnhmcnjs.
 Dêcnb ljmhk` gh bjs p`gjs y bjo`rhs jirìc`bjs.

?.?.?. Jlhmjzjs
 Jpjrncnóm gh pbjijs y hmdhrlhgjgh
hmdhrlhgjghs. s.
 Nmhstjonbngjg ghb prhcn` ghb pbêtjm` y bj cjìgj gh b`s prhcn`s.

Cjlon` cbnlêc`.
?.?.3. °Cól` prhvhmnr bjs jlhmjzjs0
 Ljmthmnhmg` bnlpn` hb thrrhm` y rhjbnzjmg` hb ljmhk` gh pbjijs y
hmdhrlhgjghss `p`rtumjlhmth
hmdhrlhgjgh `p`rtumjlhmth..
 Jgqunrnr hqunp`s quh djcnbnthm bjs bjo`rhs cubturjbhs.
 Qr`irjljr c`shcejs j trjvîs gh bj nmguccnóm `rjb hm b`s l`lhmt`s gh
ghljmgj.
 Hstjr jbhrtjs j b`s pr`mósc`s cbnlêc`s.

CJQNWXB@ NNN
3. Gh
Ghdmn
dmncnó
cnóm
m ghb pr`g
pr`guct
uct`
`
Hb pr`guct` quh sh `drhchrê jb lhrcjg` shrê gh bj sniunhmth ljmhrj;
Hm hb jú` : sh `drhchrêm 3 lnb cnhmt`s gh ljm` gh pbêtjm` – drutj drhscj, gh bj vjrnhgjg
shgj, gh tjljú` umnd`rlh gh g`s cjbngjghs, prnlhrjs y shiumgjs quh sh `drhchrêm j
gndhrhmths prhcn`s, hb pr`guct` sh gnstrnounrê hm kjojs gh pbêsc`.

Hm hb jú` ? sh `drhchrêm gh > j :1 lnb cnhmt`s gh ljm` hm drutjs drhscjs jquì yj sh


nmcrhlhmtjrê hb nmirhs` hc`mólnc` gh b` cujb p`grìjl`s cubvjr `trjs vjrnhgjghs gh
pbêtjm` c`l` bj j ?: ` hb ejrtóm ohbbjc`.

3.:.
3.:. Wj
Wjlj
ljú`
ú` gh
ghbb pr`
pr`yh
yhct
ct`
`
Ln pbjm gh mhi`cn` ‒Q_@GXCCN@M ^ C@LH_CNJBN[JCN@
C@LH_CNJBN[JCN@M M GHB CXBWNT@ GH QBJWJM@
GH BJ TJ_NHGJG SHGJ“ cuhmtj c`m 7 jú`s gh cubv` gh pbêtjm`, ghmtr` gh hbb` sh
hmcuhmtrjm jpr`xnljgjlhmth
jpr`xnljgjlhmth gh 511 umngjghs, j pjrr gh bj shiumgj c`shcej bj
pr`guccnóm sh vj nmcrhlhmtjmg`
nmcrhlhmtjmg` b`irêmg`sh pr`gucnr jpr`xnljgjlhmth ejstj ? j 3lnb
cnhmt`s gh ljm` cjgj ? shljmjs.

3.
3.?.
?. Cj
Cjrj
rjct
cthrì
hrìsc
scjs
js ghb
ghb pr
pr`g
`guc
uct`
t`
Hb pr`guct` hm drutj drhscj quh `drhzc` hs um drut` gh pbêtjm` gh ouhm tjljú` c`b`r y
sjo`r hmh bjs sniunhmths cjrjcthrìscjs.
C`lp`sncnóm ghb drut` ghb pbêtjm` (c`mthmng` :11ir )
Irjsj %
Eulhgjg %
Qr`thìmjs %
Cjro`engrjt`s
Cjbcn`
D`sd`r`
Enhrr`

Wnjlnmj li
3.
3.3
3. O`
O`mg
mgjg
jghs
hs ghb
ghb pr
pr`g
`guc
uct`
t`
 Lhk`rj bj cnrcubjcnóm gh bj sjmirh.
Gnihsv` mutrncn`mjb.
 Jyugj j ojkjr gh prhcn`.
 Julhmtj ghdhmsjs.

Jyugj j

3.7. Ihmhrjbngjghs ghb cubv` gh pbêtjm` shgj


3.7.
3.7.:.
:. @r
@rni
nihm
hm ghb
ghb pbê
pbêtj
tjm`
m` (lu
(lusj
sj-p
-pjr
jrjg
jgns
nsnj
njcj
cj);
); Hb
Hb pbêtjm` hmh
su `rnihm hm Jsnj lhrngn`mjb, snhmg` c`m`cng` Hm hb lhgnthrrêmh` ghsgh jú`
481 g.c. bj hsphcnh bbhi` j Cjmjrnjs hm hb snib` UT y ghsgh jbbì duh bbhvjg` j
Jlîrncj hm hb jú` :8:4. Hb cubv` c`lhrcnjb sh nmncnj hm cjmjrnjs j mhs ghb
snib` UNU y prnmcnpn`s ghb snib` UU. Hb pbêtjm` ljce` y hb ojmjmnt` s`m pr`pn`s
ghb sug`hsth jsnêc`, su cubv` sh j hxthmgng` j lucejs rhin`mhs gh
Chmtr`jlîrncj y Sugjlîrncj.
3.7.?. Wjx`m`lìj; _HNM@; Qbjmtjh

GNTNSN@M; Ljim`bn`peytj
CBJSH; Bnbn`psngj

@_GHM; [nminohrjbhs

DJLNBNJ; Lusjchjh

IHMH_@; Lusj

HSQHCNH; L. pjrjgnsnjcj

3.7.3. O`têmncj; hb m`lorh cnhmc` lusj x pjrjgnsnjcj y b`s m`lorhs


c`lumhs pbjtjmhrj, pbêtjm`, ojmjmhrj ` ojmjm` ejchm rhdhrhmcnj j um irjm
mûlhr` gh pbjmtjs ehroêchjs ghb iîmhr` lusj, tjmt` eìorng`s `othmng`s
e`rcubturjblhmth j pjrr gh bjs hsphcnhs snbvhstrhs lusj jculnmjtj y lusj
ojboncnjmj c`l` cubvjrhs ihmîcjlhmth pur`s gh hstjs hsphcnhs, y cuy`s
drut`s sh c`m`chm c`l` pbêtjm`, ojmjmj, ojmjm`, lìmnl`, cjlour,
t`p`ce`, ljgur` ` iunmh`, hm dumcnóm gh b`s cubv`s.
3.7.7. Dnsn`b`iìj; Hb iîmhr` lusj hmh su chmtr` prnljrn` gh g`lhscjcnóm
hm hb sughsth jsnêc`. Lusj jculnmjtj hmh su `rnihm ljy`r gnstrnoucnóm
hm hb sughsth jsnêc`. Bj z`mj nmsubjr ghb surhsth jsnêc` hmh um cbnlj
hcujt`rnjb ` tr`pncjb eûlhg` snm prhshmtjr umj hstjcnóm shcj ghmngj, c`m
um t`tjb gh bbuvnj gh 31?1
31? 1 ll y um pr`lhgn` lhmsujb gh ?8 ?8?ll.
?ll. J phsjr
ghb `rnihm tr`pncjb ghb ihmhr` lusj, hb 58 % gh b`s ccnhmt`s
nhmt`s gh vjrnhgjghs
cubvjgjs gh ojmjm` y pbêtjm`s sh cubvjm pjrj c`msum` b`cjbb`c jb hm bjs
rhin`mhs tr`pncjbhs y suotr`pncjbhs, hm b`s cujbhs jbium`s gh hst`s ljthrnjbhs
sh ejm cubvjg` p`r lnbhs gh jú`s lhgnjmth pr`pjijcnóm vhihtjvj `
cb`mjb.
3.8.. _hq
3.8 _hquhr
uhrnln
nlnhmt
hmt`s
`s y hxnih
hxnihmcn
mcnjs
js ghb cub
cubv`
v` gh pbêtj
pbêtjm`.
m`.
3.8.:. Whlphrjturj
Bj thlphrjturj jmujb rhquhrngj pjrj um jghcujg` crhcnlnhmt` `scnbj hmtrh ?3 y 31 irjg`s
chmirjg`s, c`m um `pl` gh ?9 irjg`s chmirjg`s, thlphrjturjs nmdhrn`rhs j ?3 irjg`s. Bj
thlphrjturj pr`lhgn` pjrj bj rhinóm gh hrrj rlh hs gh ?7.? ±c hm b`s lhshs gh hmhr` y
kumn`, rhsphcvjlhmth
rhsphcvjlhmth pjrj bj z`mj nmsubjr, bj lhgnj
lhgnj hs gh ?4.: ±c, c`m lìmnlj y
lêxnlj gh ?8.> ±c y ?4.7 ±c hm hmhr` y ljy`, rhsphcvjlhmth.

3.8.?. Qbuvn`lhtrìj
Hb pbêtjm` rhqunhrh gh umj prhcnpntjcnóm pbuvnjb lhgnj jmujb hmtrh 811 y :811 lsml. Jumquh
hs p`c` rhsnsthmth, bj djbtj gh jiuj hm bj htjpj nmlhgnjtj ghspuîs gh bj snhlorj y hm hb nmncn`
gh bj `rjcnóm y d`rljcnóm ghb drut` rhtjrgj hb crhcnlnhmt` gh bj pbjmtj y rhguch hb tjljú` ghb
drut`.

3.8.3. Bulnm`sngjg
Hb mulhr` gh e`rjs ornbb` s`bjr p`r jú` ghoh suphrjr bjs :?11 e`rjs, c`msnghrjmg` `pl` ljs
gh :811 e`rjs buz jmujbhs. Xmj nbulnmjcnóm luy nmthmsj cjusj quhljgurjs hm bj suphrcnh ghb
drut`, lnhmtrjs quh, sn bj nmthmsngjg hs ojkj sh pr`guch gnslnmucnóm hm hb c`mthmng` gh jzûcjr
y umj ljgurhs rêpngj, hst` ejch quh sh gjúh hb dut` ghb pbêtjm` y yj m` shj rhsnsthmth pjrj hb
trjmsp`rth.

3.4.
3.4. Hs
Hsph
phcn
cndc
dcjc
jcn`
n`mh
mhss Wî
Wîcm
cmnc
ncjs
js
Wnhmh d`rlj `ob`mij, jbjrijgj y jbi` curvjg`. Hsth pbêtjm` hs umj drutj tr`pncjb gh pnhb iruhsj,
pubpj cjrm`sj y t`mjbngjg objmcj y bnihrjlhmth jljrnbbhmtj y cujmg` hsth ljgur` hmh um
sjo`r y um c`b`r sujvh.

3.
3.4
4.:
.:.. Xonc
Xoncjjcn
cnóm
óm ghb th
thrr
rrhm
hm`;
`; sh uoncjrê um thrrhm` bbjm` c`m
Xm p` gh suhb` drjmc` gh dêcnb grhmjkh, hrrj suhbtj y mhirj c`m um p`c` gh eulhgjg y quh
thmij jcchs` j bj cjrrhthrj y jiuj

3.4
.4.?
.?.. Bnl
Bnlpn
pnhz
hzjj gh
ghbb th
thrr
rrhm
hm`
`; hstj jcvngjg c`msnsth hm rhjbnzjr
hb r`ch ` tuloj, quhlj y ljmc`ph` c`m bj mjbngjg gh hbnlnmjr b`s rhst`s quh nlphgnrêm hb
dêcnb ljmhk` ghb cubv`6 bjs ehrrjlnhmtjs quh sh ubnzjrjm pjrj hstj jcvngjg s`m hb ljcehth,
ejcej y l`t`snhrrj.

3.4
.4.3
.3.. Wrjzjg` y surcjg`; Hm hstj htjpj sh pr`chghrê j rhjbnzjr
B`s Wrjz`s6 b`s gnstjmcnjlnhmt`s shrêm 7 x 7 l gh surc` j surc` y 7 x 7 ` 8 x 8 l pbjmtj j
pbjmtj pjrj bj vjrnhgjg shgj. Shpjrêmg`bjs j bj gnstjmcnj shbhccn`mjgj y kjg` hstjs p`r sus
hxtrhl`s, p`r lhgn` gh hstjcjs u `tr` nlpbhlhmt` quh djcnbnth hstj bjo`r6 buhi` sh gnstrnouyh
hb enkuhb` jb bjg` gh cjgj
c jgj e`y` y sh pr`chgh j shlorjrbj.

3.4
.4.7
.7.. Jo`
o`mj
mjln
lnhm
hmtt` gh
gh `m
`mg`
g`;; Sh nmc`rp`rjrê um jo`mjlnhmt`
Gh ojsh c`m r`cj d`sdórncj 311 ir. Qjrj umj cjrrhbbj gh cc`lp`st,
`lp`st, quh shrê hspjrcngj gh
ljmhrj e`l`iîmhj, jcvngjg sh rhjbnzj c`m bj mjbngjg gh jshiurjr quh bj pbjmtj crhzcj
vni`r`sj y rhsnsthmth j hmdhrlhgjghs.

3.4.8. Shbhccnóm y trjtjlnhmt` gh enkuhb`s; Hb ljthrnjb gh pr`pjijcnóm quh


sh ubnzjrj shrêm gh prhdhrhmcnj gh pjrchbjs bnorhs gh hmdhrlhgjghs, ` quh ejyjm thmng`
ouhm`s rhsubtjg`s hm bj pr`guccnóm. Jmths gh rhjbnzjr bj snhlorj sh ghsnmdhctjrê hb enkuhb`

ejcnhmg` umj nmlhrsnóm hm um nmshccngj y dumincngj.


pbjmtjcnóm;;
3.4.4. pbjmtjcnóm bj pbjmtjcnóm sh rhjbnzjrê hm surc`s gh umj s`b` bìmhj ubnzjmg` hb
gnstjmcnjlnhmt` gh 7 lhtr`s surc`s y 7l hmtrh pbjmtjs pjrj djcnbntjr bjs gndhrhmths bjo`rhs quh
sh rhjbnzjrjm gurjmth hb ghsjrr`bb` ghb cubv`, hstj jcvngjg sh rhjbnzjrj gh bj sniunhmth
ljmhrj; sh shpjrjm bj gnstjmcnj shbhccn`mjgj y kjmg` hstj p`r sus hxtrhl`s, p`r lhgn` gh
hstjcjs cbjvjgjs Hm hb suhb`. Shiungjlhmth sh pr`chgh jb e`yjg` ubnzjmg` um pnc` y ljcehth,
buhi` sh gnstrnouyh b`s enkuhb`s jb bjg` gh cjgj e`y` y sh pr`chgh hb pbjmtjg`.

3.4.9. Ghsenhroh; Hm hb cubv` gh pbêtjm` jdhctjm ljbhzjs gh t`g` p` y tjlonîm


ghphmgnhmg` gh bj z`mj y gh bj bnlpnhzj ghb thrrhm` g`mgh sh vj pbjmtjr hb enkuhb`. Hb c`mtr`b
gh bj ljbhzj sh nmncnjrê ghsgh bj prhpjrjcnóm gh bj hrrj, pjrj b` quh ejrê um ghsenhroh jmths
quh bjs ljbhzjs `rhzcjm y or`thm shlnbbjs, hstj jcvngjg sh rhjbnzjrê c`mstjmth cjgj ? lhshs

j b` luce`.
3.4.5. Dhrbnzjcnóm; sh rhjbnzjrê gìjs ghspuîs gh bj pbjmtjcnóm y hb jo`mjlnhmt` gh
d`mg` g`mgh hb pbêtjm` c`lhmzjrj j hlnr rjìchs quh hstêm ? j 3 pubijgjs

3.4.>. p`snobhs pbjijs quh jtjcjrìjm jb cubv` gh bj pnúj hm


pjcenrn; bjs prnmcnpjbhs pbjijs gh ljy`r nlp`rtjmcnj hc`mólncj hm hb cubv` gh pbêtjm` hm
pjcenrn

QNCXG@; jtjcj jb pbêtjm` lnsl` gh bj ojsh ghb tjbb` jdhct` j bj pr`guccnóm ghb pbêtjm` y
ghonbntêmg`b`, gjmg` um drut` phquhú` y ghsd`rljg`.

3.4.:1. p`snobhs hmhrlhgjghs quh jhctjrìjm jb cubv` gh


pbêtjm`;

3.9. C`shcej ghb pbêtjm`; bj c`shcej ghb pbêtjm` sh rhjbnzjrê cjgj


c jgj ? shljmjs,
c`rtjs hb pbêtjm` c`m cungjg` ghspuîs b` trjsbjgjs pjrj su vhmtj, c`mmujmg` gh trjsbjgjr b`
ljmhjs hm um s`b` buijr y jb mjbnzjr b` bjvjl`s c`m jiuj hm um bjvjg`r ` ojbgh y buhi` bh
c`mtjl`s hm cjgj cnhmt` y p`r ûbl` b` vhmghl`s j muhstr`s cbnhmths.

3.5. phgrnpjp
C`mtjmg` gh jmthljm` c`m hb m`lorh gh phgrnpjp, sh rhjbnzjrê pr`pjijmgjs pjrj
p`pubjrnzjrbj hm b`s irup`s nmdjmbhs y kuvhmnbhs hm dhrnjs y hstjs lhgn`s gh c`lumncjcnóm.
@phrjcn`mhs oêsncjs pjrj bj hbjo`rjcnóm gh ejrnmj gh pbêtjm`

DBXK@ I_JLJ GH HBJO@_JCN@M GH EJ_NMJ GH QBJWJM@ (TJ_NHGJG


SHGJ)
_HCHQCN@M GH LJWH_NJ Q_NLJ

SHBHCCNÓM

QHSJG@

BJTJG@

GHCNMDHCWJG@

QHBJG@

SHCJG@

L@BNG@

HMTJSJG@

HMD_NJG@

JBLJCHMJG@

CJQNWXB@ NT
7.Hstugn` ghb lhrcjg`
7.:. Jmêbnsns gh bj ghljmgj

7.:.:. B`cjbnzjcnóm ghb lhrcjg`

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