A Dissertation Entitled

“TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE COPPER

NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM
MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES
EXTRACRT”
Submitted to Savitribai Phule Pune University

As a part of Curriculum of Bachelor of Pharmacy Course

(Academic Year: 2023 -- 24)
Submitted By:
DUDHBHATE SWATI DATTATRAY
(Final Year B. Pharm)
Guided By:
Dr .JAYSHREE MAHORE

Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s

Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Vadgaon (Bk.), Pune- 411 041
2021 - 2022
 A Dissertation Entitled

“TO FORMULATE AND EVALUATE

COPPER NANOPARTICLES
SYNTHESIZED FROM MORINGA
OLEIFERA LEAVES EXTRACT ”
Submitted to Savitribai Phule Pune University

As a part of Curriculum of Bachelor of Pharmacy Course

(Academic Year: 2021 -- 22)
Submitted By:
Dudhbhate Swati Dattatray
(Final Year B. Pharm)
Guided By:
Dr.Jayshree Mahore

Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s

Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Vadgaon (Bk.), Pune- 411 041
2023 - 2024
“TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE COPPER NANOPARTICLES
SYNTHESIZED FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES
EXTRACT ”

Dudhbhate Swati Dattatray

(Final Year B. Pharm)
A
PROJECT
Submitted to
Savitribai Phule Pune University, in partial fulfillment of
the
Requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

Under the guidance of

Dr. Jayshree Mahore
(M. Pharm/PhD)
Associate Professor ,
Department of Pharmaceutics ,
SINHGAD COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
S.NO.44/1, OFF SINHGAD ROAD
VADGAON (BK) PUNE.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work presented in the
dissertation entitled To Prepare and Evaluate
Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized From Moringa
Oleifera Leaves Extract ” has been carried out by
Dudhbhate Swati Dattatray , of STES’s Sinhgad
College of Pharmacy, Pune, under the guidance of
Dr.Jayshree Mahore Asst. Professor Pharmaceutics
STES’s Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune.

Research Guide
Date: / /2024
Dr.Jayshree Mahore
Place: Pune M. Pharm.
Asst Professor
Department of
Pharmaceutics
Sinhgad
college of Pharmacy,
Vadgaon
(Bk.), Pune-411 041.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work presented in the
dissertation entitled “ To Prepare And Evaluate
Copper Nanopartcles Synthesized From Moringa
Oleifera Leaves Extract” has been carried out by
Dudhbhate Swati Dattatray, of STES’s Sinhgad
College of Pharmacy, Pune, under the guidance ,Dr.
Jayshree Mahore Asso.Professor,Dept. of
Pharmaceutics , STES’s Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Pune.

Date: / /2024 Dr.

Rajesh B.Patil
M. Pharm., Ph. D.
Place: Pune Principal and
professor,
Sinhgad College of
Pharmacy,
Vadgaon (Bk.),
Pune -411 041.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is not the result of an individual effort but is the product
of collective wisdom and experience of all those who have stood by me in all
my efforts for successfully completing my project.
I would like to commence this acknowledgement memorandum on
a pious note by thanking the Almighty (Ganesha) for making this entire
mission a triumphant experience. I am also deeply gratified to my Parents,
whose blessings, ideals and values have been a guiding light on every step
of this competitive journey. My parents have always stood by my decisions
and provided me all the resources even in difficult times to help me achieve
my goals and realize my dreams. I am fortunate to have very understanding
and caring parents and brother.
I would like to give heartfelt thanks to Dr. Rajesh B. Patil , Principal,
STES’s Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (Bk), Pune, who in big way
and small have contributed for this effort. I would like to thank him for
providing the necessary infrastructure and all the facilities required to carry
out my research work.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to my
guide, Dr.Jayshree Mahore Dept.of Pharmaceutics , Sinhgad College of
Pharmacy, Pune, for his blessings, constructive criticism, boundless
enthusiasm. Apart from the subject of my research, I have learnt a lot from
him, which I am sure, will be useful in different stages of my life.
I am very fortunate to be a student of Sinhgad Technical Education
Society and thankful to our respected Founder President Prof. M. N.
Navale Sir and Dr. (Mrs.) S. M. Navale Madam for providing all the
facilities and good environment for the studies and project work. I would
 I would also like to acknowledge my M. pharm seniors who have not
only given valuable inputs for this project but also have been great friends.
M.Pharm Mr.Sinay And Mr.Rutuparna Thank you very much.

Friends are the most important ingredient in the recipe of life and
considered myself lucky to have my life flavored with my closest and dearest
best friend. Radhika ,Shreya who has been very encouraging during my
thesis times. I am really fortunate to have you as a part of my life, whose
constant support and encouragement has always kept me motivated and has
got the best out of me. I cannot express my gratitude to you in any amount of
words. Thank you for always being there for me.

I express my heartful thanx to my friends Siddharth ,Abhishek for

their constant joyous company, encouragement and most importantly, their
friendship, has made me a better person through the journey of these two
years. I would like to thank them for their co-operation, support during each
and every moment. I will always cherish their memories in my heart. Beside
this, several people have knowingly and unknowingly helped me in the
successful completion of this project. Thanks to them.

I am sincerely thankful to librarian of our college Mrs.Sunita Linge

and all the library staff for their co-operation and help during referencing for
research work. I am also eternally grateful to Ganesh Gore Sir for providing
and fulfilling our demands of chemicals, without any delays and interruptions
in this project work. I am happy to utilize this opportunity to thank our peons
Hanmant Sir for their support during our work in the laboratory.

My Journey has just begun and I hope it continues to be a source of inspiration

to achieve every success in my life.

Dudhbhate
Swati Dattatray
 PROJECT SUBMISSION
Project Work submitted by Final Year B. Pharm Student to Savitribai Phule Pune University, as
a part of curriculum

Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s

01 Name of the institute
Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon
(Bk.), Pune 411 041

Dudhbhate Swati Dattatray

Name & Address of the
02 Indrayani Hostel ,Vadgaon Campus ,Pune
Candidate
411041

Dr.Jayshree Mahore
Asst. Professor/Asso. Professor
Name , Address & Designation
03 Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s
of Guide Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon
(Bk.),
Pune 411 041.

To Formulate And Evaluate Herbal Gel

04 Title of the Project
Used For Arthritis

05 Date & Place May-2024, Pune

Dudhbhate Swati Dattatray Dr. Jayshree Mahore

Name & Signature of Name & Signature of Name & Signature of

Candidate Guide Principal
(Full name of the student) (Full name of the Guide) (Dr. Rajesh B. Patil )
 Index
Sr. No. Title Page No

List of abbreviations I.

List of tables II.

List of Figures III.

1. Introduction 1

2. Review of Literature 6

3. Aim and Objective 11

4. Plan of work 12

5. Material and Method 13

6. Results 17

7. Discussion 19

8. Conclusions 21

9. References 22
 List of Abbreviations

Symbol Abbreviations

Np Nanoparticle

CUNP Copper Nanoparticles

M.oleifera Moringa Oleifera

gm gram

RPM Rotation per minute

UV Ultra violet

FTIR Fourier transform Infrared rays

SEM Scanning electron Microscopy

XRD x-ray diffraction

ml Mili litre
 List of Tables

TABLE TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
1 Plant Profile 3

2 Preliminary Phytochemical Test 8

3 FTIR Ranges of Moringa Oleifera 20

4 FTIR Ranges of Copper Sulphate 23

5 Ingredient to form 1mM Copper Sulphate 24

6 Preliminary Test Observation 28

7 Zone of Inhibition 29
 List of Figures

FIG. TITLE PAG

NO. E
NO.
1 Moringa Oleifera Linn 3
2 Leaves Of Moringa Oleifera Linn 4
3 Powder of Moringa Oleifera Linn 5
Leaves
4 Authentication Certificate 5
5 Maceration 6
6 Centrifuge Machine 17
7 Magnetic Stirrer 17
8 Probe sonication 18
9 Sample for drying 18
10 Synthesized Copper nanoparticles 27
sample Method 2
11 Preliminary test Observation n 28
12 UV Spectra of Moringa Oleifera Lam 28
Spectra of Copper Sulphate
13 FTIR of Moringa oleifera ,Copper
Sulphate ,Copper Nanoparticles
14 Particle size analysis Method 1
15 Particle size analysis Method2
16 Colour before
17 Colour After
18 PH Before
19 PH After
20 Antimicrobial study
 ABSTRACT

Moringa Oleifera Lam is commonly known as Saijna,Drumstick, Shevga is one of the plant belonging to the
family Moringaceae. Amongst 14 species of Moringaceae M.oleifera is most commonly found. The crude
drug powder extracts of the leaves of the plant were taken for the study. The Copper nanoparticles activity
was formulated by M oleifera leaf extract and Copper sulphate viz., .
Moringa Oleifera Leaves are an appreciable source of different phytochemical such as alkaloids, flavonoids,
carbohydrates, phenolic, Carotenoid ,Saponins compound, which serve great
antimicrobial,antioxidant ,antinflammatory effect. Most of the antibiotics were originally derived from
micro-organisms while the chemotherapeutic agents are from plants. Screening of phytochemical of M
oleifera for the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates, alkaloids,
proteins, using standard methods. Phenolic compounds, tannins, Saponins ,Flavonoids , carbohydrates, ,
proteins and alkaloids were present in Moringa Oleifera leaves. They present more quantity of these
compounds as compared to fruits,vegetables,and other food plants . Herbal medicine refers to the use of any
plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Along with other dosage forms,
herbal drugs are also formulated in the form of Copper Nanoparticles . The Nanoparticles is a particle of
matter 1 to 100nm in diameter and the properties of Nanoparticles often differ markedly from those larger
particle . Copper plays a variety of role in humans CUNP s are made by different methods . The objective
of the study was to formulate Ecofriendly copper nanoparticles from M.oleifera and Copper sulphate .
evaluate the Copper herbal salve from the local medicinal plants. The chloroform extract of the selected
plant was taken in different ratio randomly and the antimicrobial tests of the were carried out. After the
completion of the formulation, formed copper nanoparticles size determined by Particle size analyzer.The
particle size was assessed in terms of Mean average particle size , Polydispersity Index, Zeta potential..
Formulation and evaluation of Copper nanoparticles using traditional herbs which are safe and effective
for use. herbs like M.Oleifera leaves, copper sulphate are used in the preparation. Copper sulphate
present in preparation act precursor salt . The formulated Copper nanoparticles was evaluated for various
parameters such as UV-visible Spectroscopy ,FTIR,SEM ,XRD etc. Two optimized batches were prepared
and based on evaluation of the formulation f1, f2 it was concluded that formulation f2 has shown the better
results when compared with F1 formulation. Hence the formulated Copper nanoparticles from M oleifera
and copper sulphate was safe and effective for use .This method has several advantages over other

methods ,including low cost,scalability,and reduction of hazardous waste.

INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
 NANOPARTICLES

The international Organization for Standardization defines Nanoparticles as nano-objects with all external
dimensions in the nanoscale ,where thr lengths of the longest and the shortest axes of the nano-object do not
differ significantly .Simple definition of Nanoparticles are tiny particles typically ranging from 1to 100
nanometers in size,which thousands of times smaller than the width of a human hair.They are incredibly
diverse can be made from various materials,like metal ,ceramics,or polymers.Due to their unique property
they are used in wide array of applications,including medicine,electronics,and environmental remediation.
Types of Nanoparticles :
Nanoparticles can be classified according to their size,morphology ,physical,and chemical properties.
1.Carbon –Grounded Nanomaterials :Generally they are resolved into copper nanotubes and fullerenes.
2.Ceramic Nanoparticles : These types of NPare inorganic solids composed of oxides ,carbides.
3.Polymerica Nanoparticles:Polymeric Nanoparticles are organic grounded NP .Depending upon the
medication system ,these nanoparticles have structures like nanospheres or nanocapsules.
4.Lipid Nanoparticles :
Lipid nanoparticles are generally globular .Their Structure consists of solid core made of lipids and matrix
contains surfactants ,emulsifiers .
COPPER NANOPARTICLES :
Copper nanoparticles are tiny particles of copper with dimensions typically less than 100 nanometers. They
exhibit unique properties due to their size, such as high surface area-to-volume ratio, which makes them
attractive for various applications in fields like catalysis, electronics, and medicine.

Several methods exist for synthesizing copper nanoparticles. One common approach involves chemical
reduction, where copper ions are reduced to form nanoparticles in the presence of a reducing agent and a
stabilizing agent. Another method is the physical vapor deposition technique, where copper atoms are
evaporated and then condensed to form nanoparticles. Additionally, biological methods using
microorganisms or plant extracts have gained attention for their eco-friendly approach to nanoparticle
synthesis. Each synthesis method offers distinct advantages and can be tailored to produce nanoparticles
with specific sizes, shapes, and surface properties. The choice of method depends on factors such as desired
nanoparticle characteristics, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental considerations.

Copper nanoparticles offer several benefits in various applications, including healthcare. In the body, they
can have antimicrobial properties, meaning they can help fight off harmful bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE COPPER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM

MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES EXTRACT 2
 INTRODUCTION
The nanoparticles can enhance wound healing by promoting cell growth and tissue regeneration. They can
also act as antioxidants, helping to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Moreover, copper
is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in many biological processes, including the formation of
red blood cells and the function of the immune system.

When copper nanoparticles are introduced into the body, they can be broken down into ions, which are then
utilized by various enzymes and proteins for important physiological functions. However, it's essential to
use them responsibly and under proper supervision, as excessive exposure to copper nanoparticles can
potentially lead to toxicity. Therefore, while they offer promising benefits, their usage should be carefully
regulated and monitored to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Characterizing copper nanoparticles involves understanding their physical, chemical, and
properties to ensure their effectiveness and safety in various applications. Researchers use advanced
techniques to analyze these nanoparticles comprehensively.
Physical characterization :
Examines the size, shape, and surface properties of copper nanoparticles. Techniques like electron
microscopy and dynamic light scattering help determine their size distribution and morphology. Surface
analysis methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal information about the composition and
chemical state of the nanoparticles' surface.
Biological characterization :
Evaluates the interactions between copper nanoparticles and living organisms. This includes assessing their
toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. Cell culture experiments and animal studies help determine the
nanoparticles' impact on cellular functions, such as cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses.
By combining these characterization techniques, researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of copper
nanoparticles' properties, which informs their application in areas like medicine, catalysis, and electronics.
Additionally, this knowledge aids in the development of safe and effective nanoparticle-based technologies
for various industries..

 What Copper Nanoparticles Made out of ?

Copper nanoparticles are tiny specks of copper ,made by changing copper atoms into really small
particles.
 Why Should We Preferred Green Synthesis For Formation Of CUNP ?
Using green synthesis for forming copper nanoparticles is preferred for several reasons
cost effective ,easy to perform .

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 INTRODUCTION

 ADVANTAGES

 Cost-effectiveness:

Green synthesis methods typically use readily available and inexpensive raw materials,
making the production of copper nanoparticles more cost-effective for medical
applications.

 Biodegradability
Green-synthesized copper nanoparticles are often biodegradable, reducing the risk of
long-term accumulation in the body and minimizing potential adverse effects
 Wound healing :
Copper nanoparticles synthesized using green methods have been shown to accelerate
wound healing processes by promoting cell proliferation and tissue regeneration.
Enhanced antimicrobial activity :
Green-synthesized copper nanoparticles exhibit strong antimicrobial properties, effective
against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making them valuable for combating infections in
medical settingssalves can act as a protecting barrier to your skin
 Targeted drug delivery
This Green-synthesized copper nanoparticles can be functionalized to encapsulate and
deliver drugs to specific sites in the body, improving therapeutic efficacy while
minimizing side effects
USES:.

 Drug Delivery Systems .

 Antioxidant Therapy
 Bioimaging another use
 It is used in Tissue Engineering
 Used To Treat Bug Bites
 Used for Antimicrobial Coatings
 Wound Healing
 Cancer Treatment Therapy
 Antiviral Treatments

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 INTRODUCTION
 DRUG PROFILE:
Plant

Fig 1: Moringa Oleifera Plant

Synonym Drumstick tree ,Miracle tree
Common Name Moringa ,Shevga
Scientific • Kingdom: Plantae
Classification • Division: Magnoliophyta
• Class: Magnoliopsida
• Order: Brassicales
• Family: Moringaaceae
• Genus: Moringa
• Species: Moringa Oleifera
• Botanical name: Moringa Oleifera Lam.
Biological Source M.oleifera is native to Indian subcontinent. Our sample consists
of dried crushed leaves of plant M.oleifera.
Chemical Constituents • Ascorbic acid, Beta carotene ,Tocopherols
mainly present in leaves.
• Oleic acid,Palmitic acid present mainly seeds
• Quercetin, Rutin ,Isoquercetin ,Flavonoids mainly flowers.
Organoleptic and uses Color: Deep green or light green.
Properties Odour: Earthy, Grassy ,
Taste: Bitter and Peppery
Surface-Texture: Typically Smooth
Antioxidant,Antimicrobial Activity

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MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM LEAVES EXTRACT 4
 INTRODUCTION

 Chemistry of Plant Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis:

Leaves of Nyctanthes Arbor -tristis contains the following chemical active constituents. Flavanol glycosides, D-
mannitol, β-sitosterol, Astragaline, Nicotiflorin, Oleanolic acid, Nyctanthic acid, Ascorbic acid and Tannic acid
etc.
The flowers are very beneficial as it contains essential oils and glycosides. The seeds contain palmitic, oleic and
myristic acids.
The bark of this plant is useful due to its alkaloids and glycosides content. The extracts of this flower possess
antifungal and antiviral properties. Apart from this antileishmanial, hepatoprotective and immunostimulant
properties are also present in it.

 TRADITIONAL USES:

Fig 2 :Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Leaves :

Nutritional supplement: Moringa leaves, seeds, and pods are consumed as a rich source of vitamins, minerals,
and proteins.

Medicinal purposes: Various parts of the Moringa plant are used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation,
anemia, and digestive issues.

Water purification: Moringa seeds contain proteins that help clarify and purify water by binding to impurities

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PREPARE AND EVALUATE COPPER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM
 INTRODUCTION
and bacteria.

Cosmetic ingredient: Moringa oil, extracted from the seeds, is used in skincare products for its moisturizing and
antioxidant properties.

Agricultural purposes: Moringa leaves and seed cake are used as organic fertilizers and animal feed
supplements.

Antioxidant: Moringa exhibits antioxidant activity due to its high content of bioactive compounds, helping to
neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.

Anti-inflammatory: Compounds found in Moringa have anti-inflammatory properties, potentially reducing

inflammation and related symptoms.

Antimicrobial: Extracts from Moringa oleifera have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against various
pathogens, making it useful for combating infections.

Traditionally, Moringa leaves have been used for various purposes, including: The leaves are bitter and pungent
in taste. It is used to treat fever, fungal skin, infection also used as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and
anthelmintic. Bitter leaves extract is given to children for the expulsion of roundworms and threadworms. Leaf
juice is used in sciatica, rheumatism and fever, as an antidote for reptile venoms and snake bite.

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MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES EXTRACT 5
PREPARE AND EVALUATE COPPER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM
 INTRODUCTION

 PHYTOCHEMISTRY:

Leaves: vitamins: Rich in vitamins A, B (including B1, B2, B3), C, and E.

Minerals: Abundant in essential minerals like calcium, potassium, magnesium, and iron .

Proteins: High-quality proteins containing all essential amino acids.

Flavonoids: Antioxidant compounds such as quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin.Beta-carotene: Precursor to

vitamin A, important for vision and immune function.Chlorogenic acid: A polyphenol with antioxidant
properties.

Seeds :Fats and Oils: The seeds contain a significant amount of oil, rich in monounsaturated fats (oleic acid)
and polyunsaturated fats (linoleic acid).Proteins: High protein content with a balanced amino acid profile.

Phytosterols: Plant compounds that may help lower cholesterol levels.D-mannitol, β-sitosterole, Flavanol
glycosides, Astragaline, Oleanolic acid, Nyctanthic acid, Tannic acid, Ascorbic acid, Methyl salicylate,
Lupeol, Mannitol, Glucose, Fructose, Benzoic acid.

Steam: β-sitosterol, Glycosides: Compounds that may have medicinal properties, such as cardiac
glycosides.
Flowers: Quercetin: A flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Kaempferol: Another flavonoid known for its antioxidant and anti-cancer effects. diterpenoid
nyctanthin, flavonoids, anthocyanins and an essential oil which is related to that of jasmine.
Flowers have modified essential oil, Nyctanthin, d-mannitol, Tannin,
These phytoconstituents contribute to the various health benefits associated with Moringa oleifera,
including its potential to boost immunity, improve nutritional status, and act as an antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory agent.

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PREPARE AND EVALUATE COPPER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM
LITERATURE SURVEY
 LITERATURE SURVEY

 LITERATURE SURVEY

 Prince Edwin Das et al. (2020)

The objective of the study was to formulate metal nanoparticles by using M oleifera.The medicinal valueof
Moring Oleifera leaves and the antimicrobial activity of metallic copper were combined in this article
study .In this article author mention that they use hydroalcholic extract of M.oleifera leaves .They also
mention method of production of harmless chemicals and reduces waste. A author also mention that A
color change from brown to black indicates the formation of copper nanoparticles .The researchers
characterized the synthesized copper nanoparticles .The characterization of CUNP was performed by using
UV –Vis ,FTIR,SEM. The researchers conducted experiments and in this article they mention that the
synthesized copper nanoparticles exert considerable anti-bacterial activity against E-coli,S.aureus. This
study also reveals that green synthesis of copper nanoparticles can be potentially employed in the treatment
of various microbial infections due to their reported antioxidant ,anti-bacterial,anti-fungal,antioxidant
activity

 Lebogang Katata-Seruet al. (2013)

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect The importance of fabricating nanoparticles using
plant extracts is being emphasized globally, as an alternative to traditional method because they are cost–
effective, nontoxic, biocompatible and eco-friendly. In this study, green synthesis of iron nanoparticles
(CuNPs) using leaf and seed extracts of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) were prepared by mixing different
ratios of plant extracts with iron chloride solution. They were characterized using techniques such as
dynamic light scattering, UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The UV–Vis spectrum of M.
oleifera leaf (MOL) and seed (MOS) based on CuNPs showed absorption at 210 and 240 nm, respectively.
In addition, the green application of synthesized nanoparticles for the removal of nitrate ion (NO3−) from
surface and ground water was also investigated. The batch adsorption results showed an enhanced removal
of NO3− by 85 % and 26 % MOS-CuNPs and MOL-CuNP respectively as compared to M. oleifera extracts.
Furthermore, the antibacterial activity illustrated that the maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia
coli was observed by MOS CuNPs (6 mm), followed by MOL-CuNP (5 mm). CuNP were successfully
fabricated using M. oleifera extracts.

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MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES EXTRACT 13
 LITERATURE SURVEY

 Ramchander Merugu a et.al

This study involve the information that the drumstick tree, scientifically known as Moringa oleifera, is
indigenous to India and is also referred to as the miracle tree or horseradish tree. It has long been a staple in
the Indian diet, with its leaves and fruits utilized in traditional medicine and cooking. Recent research
focused on synthesizing bimetallic silver and copper nanoparticles using extracts from Moringa oleifera fruit
pulp. Characterization techniques such as UV-Visible spectra, FTIR spectra, electron microscopy, and
Raman spectroscopy were employed. These nanoparticles, with an average size of 9 nanometers, exhibited
significant antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria, surpassing the effectiveness of Ampicillin.
Notably, the synthesis method using fruit extracts proved to be an effective approach in producing
nanoparticles with potent antimicrobial activity these are the finding of this studies.

 Mahmood Mohammed Ali Saleh et.al (

The objective of the study was to study ,that how to synthesize the copper oxide nanoparticles .Moringa
oleifera leaves extract Yemeni was used for green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO). The
obtained copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS),
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive
X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The aqueous suspension of (CuO NPs) showed a UV-
Vis. absorption maxima peaks at 236 and 240 nanometers respectivel primarily in its formation. The FTIR
analysis to be confirmed functional groups of biosynthesized CuO NPs the absorption band at 608cm-1. The
XRD analysis revealed that the biosynthesized NPs appear to be more than crystalline of the copper oxide
nanoparticles. The characteristic peaks obtained by EDX analysis icon firmed the presence of the element
copper (89.8), and the element oxygen (10.2). SEM images show that the particles are round, granular, and
nanosized and the nanoparticle has more aggregation ,and conglomeration. Extraction of moringa leaves
serves as a promising agent for the balance of particle size.

 Oluwole Solomon Oladeji et al. (2020) The objective of the study was to formulate metal nanoparticles by
using M oleifera.and Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial analysis of Moringa oleifera leaf . This article
review The secondary metabolites in M. oleifera leaf were extracted by maceration using chloroform, ethyl acetate
and ethanol. Some important bioactive compounds or metabolites in the leaf extracts, such as steroids, saponins,
tannins, flavonoids, terpernoids and phlobatannins were analyzed.They also mention that The ethanolic leaf extract
was observed to show the highest antimicrobial activity when compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts.
The extract also compared favourably to nystatin, streptomycin and gentamicin (standard antibiotics). The study
affirmed the therapeutic potency of the plant, which could be due its high antimicrobial effects on some pathogens
like Klebsiella sp, P. aeruginosa, Trichoderma sp, Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus cereus, S. pneumoniae, Candida. sp,
and E. coli.

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MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES EXTRACT 13
 LITERATURE SURVEY

The medicinal valueof Moring Oleifera leaves and the antimicrobial activity and reduces waste. A author also mention
that A color change from brown to black indicates the formation of copper nanoparticles .The researchers characterized
the synthesized copper nanoparticles .The characterization of CUNP was performed by using UV –Vis ,FTIR,SEM.
The researchers conducted experiments and in this article they mention that the synthesized copper nanoparticles exert
considerable anti-bacterial activity against E-coli,S.aureus. This study also reveals that green synthesis of copper
nanoparticles can be potentially employed in the treatment of various microbial infections due to their reported
antioxidant ,anti-bacterial,anti-fungal,antioxidant activity

 B Moyo et al.

The article aims to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Moringa Oleifera leaves .this Plants have been
reported to contain important preventative and curative compounds. Studies were conducted to determine
the antimicrobial activities of Moringa oleifera extracts using in vitro antimicrobial screening methods. The
author mentioned that acetone extract of M. oleifera leaves at a concentration of 5 mg/ml showed
antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloace, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus
aureus and Micrococcus kristinae. M. kristinae was the most susceptible as its growth was inhibited at 0.5
mg/ml. On the other hand,this article also reviewed that the M. oleifera acetone extract did not exhibit any
inhibition on Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus pumilus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The acetone extract was bactericidal on E. coli and M. kristinae. It was also
bacteriostatic on S. aureus, E. cloace and P. vulgaris. However, the water extract showed no activity at the
highest concentration (5 mg/ml) tested. Furthermore, both the acetone and aqueous extracts did not exhibit
any antifungal activity against the fungal species of Candida albicans, Pennicillium notatum, Aspergillus
flavus and Aspergillus niger even at the highest concentration of 10 mg/ml these are the observation of this
study . The ability of acetone extract to inhibit the growth of some strains of bacteria is an indication of its
antibacterial potential which may be employed in the management of microbial infections is the result of
this article study .

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

 Muhammad Imran Din et al.

This article contains the Information about Copper nanoparticles with different structural properties and
effective biological effects may be fabricated using new green protocols. The control over particle size and
in turn size-dependent properties of copper nanoparticles is expected to provide additional applications.
Various methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles have been reported including chemical methods,
physical methods, biological methods, and green synthesis.This study also include that Biological methods
involve the use of plant extracts, bacteria, and fungi. Commendable work has been done regarding the
synthesis and stability of copper nanoparticles. Author also include that there is a need to summarize the
behavior of copper nanoparticles in different media under various conditions. He give , a complete list of the
literature on the synthesis of copper nanoparticles, their properties, stabilizing agents, factors affecting the
morphology, and their applications. The importance of copper nanoparticles compared to other metal
nanoparticles are due to high conductivity and Methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles, including
green protocols using plants and micro-organisms compared chemical methods, have also been reviewed.
.

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AIM AND OBJECTIVE
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

 AIM AND OBJECTIVE:

 AIM: To prepare and evaluate C o p p e r N a n o p a r t i c l e s using Moringa Oleifera Lam

leaves Extract and copper sulphate .

 OBJECTIVE:

1. To Study the Extraction of Moringa Oleifera Lam leaves.

2. To Evaluate the Prepared Extract by Phytochemical Test
3. To prepare copper nanoparticles Herbal Extract
4. Cost effective ,Safe Copper nanoparticles.
5. Evaluation Copper Nanoparticles,Which more cost effective, Less Side effect, with more potency.
6. To Study Optimization of Copper Nanoparticle.

Need To Study:

The green synthesis of copper nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera is an intriguing process that
harnesses the natural properties of this plant for sustainable nanotechnology .M Oleifera commonly
known as drumstick tree ,famous for its medicinal and nutritional value ,because of ecofriendly
attributes in recent years peoples attention for moringa plant is increased .The green synthesis
method utilizing aqueous extracts from various parts of the M.oleifera plant ,such as leaves,seeds,or
bark,as reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of CUNP . These extracts contain bioactive
compounds like polyphenols,proteins ,flavonoids,thses all play a vital role in the reduction of copper
nanoparticles resulting stabilization of copper nanoparticles .
The synthesis process typically starts with the preparation of the moringa oleifera extract ,which is
obtained from Maceration of powder with water .After this extract is then added to a copper sulphate
solution under the controlled temperature and PH .The reduction of copper ions by the phenols
present in extract leads to the formation of copper nanoparticles .The formed copper nanoparticles
characterized by techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy ,XRD.
One of the key advantage of green synthesis using Moringa Oleifera is its environmental friendliness.
Other conventional chemical methods that often involve toxic chemicals ,green synthesis is
natural ,biocompatible,and minimizing generation of hazardous waste and reducing environmental

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LEAVES EXTRACT.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE
impact

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LEAVES EXTRACT.
PLAN OF WORK
 PLAN OF WORK

 PLAN OF WORK:

Literature survey

Collection &Authentication Of Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Extraction & Evaluation Of Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Phytochemical Test Of Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Formulation Of Copper Nanopartcles

Sepration Of Copper Nanopartcles

Evaluation Of Copper Nanoparticles

Result & Discussion

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LEAVES EXTRACT.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

 MATERIAL AND METHODS

 COLLECTION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA POWDER

The leaves powder of plant Moringa Oleifera Linns was collected from Manakarnika Aushadhalaya ,Pune
which is Herb shop of Ayurvedic medicines located in Sadashiv Peth , Pune.

Fig 3 Moringa Oleifera Powder.

Moringa Oleifera Powder Aunthentified By Science College of Sinhgad Vadgaon Campus

Fig 4 : Authentication Certificate

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

 EXTRACTION OF Moringa Oleifera Lam LEAVES POWDER

There are several Extraction Methods For extraction of herbal extract .Maceration is one of those methods
10 grams of air-dried powder was taken in 100 ml of Water in a conical flask, And The Conical Flask was
kept aside for 3 days by covering the conical flask with Aluminium Foil. The sample was Stirred
Intermediately . After 3 Days ,Centrifugation of herbal extract were performed at 5000 rpm for 20 minutes
for each 10 ml sample at room temperature 25degree . The Supernantant was Collected and Bottom Herabl
Part was Discarded. The extraction was done at least three times for each plant. The preliminary qualitative
phytochemical analysis was carried out by using Fresh herbal Extract .

Fig 5 : Maceration Fig 6:Centrifuge Machine

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

 PREFORFULATIONS STUDIES

A] PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES
Phytochemical testing are preliminary tests conducted to detect the presence of both primary and secondary
metabolites in an extract. Standard tests were conducted to evaluate Different phytochemicals present in M
oleifera .Several Qualitative test described below have been used to detect the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids,
tannins, saponins, flavones, sterols, terpenes, Amino Acids, protein, carbohydrates,fats,oils .

Test Procedure Observation

1.0ml of plant extract was
taken and then add 1.0 ml of
Alkaloids Reddish Brown colour appears
Wagner reagent was added.

2 ml of extract was taken and

Appearance of Gray or Blackish
Phenols add 2 ml of Folin’s reagent.
coloured PPT.

Chlroform add in 2 ml Brown colour appears

Steroids extract and filtered,mixed
with conH2SO4
3 ml extract taken in 3 ml Foam formation
water and continuously
Saponins
shaken

5ml extract taken addition of

1%gelatin containing few
drops of Nacl . White coloration occurs
Tannins
About 2 ml of the extract was
treated withConc HNO3 10 Yellow colour ppt
Proteins and Amino Acids
2. 2 ml Extract treated with blue-coloured ppt
0.25 %Ninhydrin reagent and
boiled

Table No. 3. Preliminary Phytochemical Test

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

B] CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS BY UV SPECTROSCOPY:

 This method is suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of compounds present
in the plant’s extract. Various secondary metabolites such as phenols, anthocyanins,
tannins, and polymer dyes could be detected at certain frequencies. Total phenolic
content and other secondary metabolites can be established using this technique.
Specific frequencies were used to identify flavonoids (320nm), phenolic compounds
(280nm), anthocyanins (520nm), and phenolic acids (360)
 Accurately weigh quantity of 10mg of Morinnga Oleifera and was dissolved in 100 ml
of water.After Extraction the extract was centrifuged and supernatant part of sample
were taken.After that 1 ml sample were taken and diluted it up to 10 ml by using
suitable solvent which is water. Appropriate dilutions were made to make conc. of
10µg/ml. Take water as reference by using UV visible spectrophometer at range of
200- 600mm (JASCO, V530) determine the λ max.
 For the analysis of Copper sulphate( Pentahydrate ),1 mM solution is prepared and
from that 1ml sample is withdrawn and diluted to 1o ml which gives 10µg/ml which is
evaluated by UV- Visible spectra.

C] FOURIER INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY:

The FTIR spectra of Moringa Oleifera extract And Copper sulphate(Pentahydrate ) were
obtained on (BRUKER, ALPHA T)tthe range of 700-4000cm-1.

Frequency Type of vibrations Functional group

(cm-)
3200 -3600 O-H stretch Alcohol
2800 -3000 Aliphatic stretching S Aliphatic group
1700-1750 C=O stretch Fatty acid and esters
1700 -1725 COOH stretch Acid
3000-3100 Aromatic CH Stretch Phenol

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

 The FTIR spectra of Copper sulphate (pentahydrate )

Frequency Type of vibrations Functional group

(cm-)
1000-1100 Symmetric stretch Sulphate Group
600 -700 Asymmetric stretching Sulphate
3200-3600 OH stretching Water
400 -700 Cuo Metal oxygen bond

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES

METHOD OF PREPARATION: 1

1. A total 10 gm of M Oleifera powder was taken and soaked in 100 ml water –ethanol ratio (1:1)
solution .The Mixture was Macerated for 1 hr and the M.oleifera extract was filtered with whatman filter
paper.

Synthesis of CUNP :

Copper sulphate pentahydrate 1 gm was dissolved in 20 ml demineralized water and added to 80 ml M

Oleifera leaves extract .The reaction Mixture was stirred for 3 hr at 60 oc .The Synthesized CUNP were
collected by centrifugation repeatedly and washed with de-mineralized water .

METHOD OF PREPARATION: 2
In this method the Extraction procedure is same .
Synthesis of CUNP :
1 gm copper sulphate added in 100 ml water .After that the extract was added to copper sulphate
Dropwise and stirred to a magnetic stirrer at 300 rpm at 80 oc for 2 hr and further for 12 hr at room temp .

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

METHOD OF PREPARATION: OPTIMIZED BATCHES

Synthesis of M.Oleifera Extract :
10 gm of M.oleifera leaves powder in 1oo ml distilled water macerated for 4 day .
Synthesis of CUNP:
The extract was taken and centrifugation was done at 5000rpm for 20 min.The supernatant was used as
the the reducing agent .
Preparation of 1mM Copper sulphate pentahydrate solution

Ingredient Quantity Taken

Copper sulphate 0.249 gm

Pentahydrate
Water 1000 ml

1M =1000mM Hence 1Mm = 1\1000 =0.001M

1M =Given wt \mol.wt *1L
Molar = wt \249.685g/mol *1
=.0.001 *249.685 *1 L
1mM = 0.249 gm in 1000 ml
1. Synthesis of CUNP : Optimized method 1
The mixture of the precursor and the reducing agent in 1:1 ratio was heated at 80 oc for 20 minute
With continuous stirring on magnetic stirrer .The change from colour pale yellow to dark brown
Indicated the formulation of colloidal CUNP .

Fig 7: Magnetic stirring of sample

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

 After that the particle size is reduced by using probe sonicator for 15 min

Fig 8 : Probe sonication of sample

 The NP solution particle size checked by the particle size analyzer
 The prepared NPs solution was poured into petriplate and kept in incubator for drying
 The dried sample was scraped and crushed to the fine powder . of colloidal CUNP .

Fig 9 : Sample kept for drying

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

METHOD OF PREPARATION:Optimized Method 2

 Maceration of Moringa Oleifera Leaves :
The 10 g of moringa powder dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water for 4 days .Intermediate stirring was
given to sample by every 8 hr ..

 Synthesis of CUNP :
1.The 1 mM concn sample of Copper sulphate pentahydrate prepared by following previous method
procedure that 0.246 gm of copper sulphate pentahydrate in 1000 ml water
2.Leaf extract and precursor solution in 1:10 ratio was kept on continuous magnetic stirring for 24 hrs
The change in colour observed .The change in coloue occurs due to reaction of cu
3.After that the PH of sample measured by using PH meter .
4.The sample of copper nanoparticle analyzed for particle size
5.The prepared sample was filtered and subsequently dried

Fig 10 : CUNP synthesized by using Method 2

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

 EVALUATION PARAMETERS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES :

The formulation was inspected visually for their colour change.PH change is the indication of synthesis of
copper nanoparticles
i. UV-Visible Spectroscopy:
UV-Vis spectroscopy measures the absorption of light by a substance. In the case of copper nanoparticles, it
helps determine their size, shape, and concentration. The absorption spectra can reveal the surface plasmon
resonance (SPR) of copper nanoparticles, providing information about their optical properties.
ii. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy :
FTIR is used to analyze chemical bonds in a sample by measuring the absorption of infrared light. For
copper nanoparticles, FTIR can identify functional groups on their surface, such as ligands or capping
agents, providing insights into their stability and potential applications.

iii. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) :

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is a useful tool for studying copper nanoparticles. It works by
scanning a sample with a focused beam of electrons, which creates a high-resolution image of its surface.
For copper nanoparticles, SEM helps researchers see details like shape, size, and how they are arranged.
This information is crucial for understanding their properties and how they might behave in different
applications, such as electronics or medicine.SEM also allows scientists to investigate the surface
morphology of copper nanoparticles. This means they can see if the particles have a smooth surface or if
there are any irregularities or features present.

iv. Particle Size Analysis :

Particle size analyzer is indispensable tools for characterizing copper nanoparticles due to their ability to provide
precise information about particle size distribution. For copper nanoparticles, which is often utilized in various
applications such as catalysis, electronics, and biomedical fields, understanding their size distribution is crucial for
optimizing their performance and properties. By employing techniques like laser diffraction, dynamic light scattering,
or image analysis, particle size analyzers can accurately determine the size range of copper nanoparticles, ensuring.

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Antimicrobial activity was conducted using the disc well method. The Whatman no.1 filter paper was cut
into 5mm in diameter. Different concentration of Moringa Oleifera extract were prepared. Disc of filter
paper dipped into different concentration of Moringa Oleifera leave extract. The test microorganism was
transferred using the cotton swabs on surface of sterile nutrient agar plates. Already prepared disc was
impregnated on seeded culture plate using sterile forceps with appropriate labelling. Plate was kept in
laminar air flow for 30 minutes for pre diffusion of extract to occurred and incubated at 37o c for bacteria
and 27o c for fungus for 24 hrs. Resulting zone of inhibition was measured.

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 RESULT AND DISSCUSSION

 PHYTOCHEMICAL TEST RESULT:

Fig 11. Preliminary Test Observations

Test Observation Inter
feren
ce
Alkaloids Reddish Brown colour appears Present

Phenol Appearance of Gray or Blackish Present

coloured PPT
Proteins and About 2 ml of the extract was
Amino Acids treated withConc HNO3 .
2ml Extract treated with 0.25 Blue colour
%Ninhydrin reagent and boiled Yellow colour

Steroids Chlroform add in 2 ml extract

and filtered,mixed with Present
conH2SO4
Saponins Foam Formation
Positive

Tannins White coloration occurs Present

Table No.6 Preliminary Test Observations

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 STUDY OF SPECTRA AND SELECTION OF ANALYTICAL WAVELENGTH



Fig 12 UV Spectra of Moringa Oleifera extract and copper sulphate

 FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (FT-IR)

The FT-IR absorption spectrum of the Moringa oleifera and the copper sulphate (pentahydrate) sample
was recorded by an FT-IR spectrometer as shown in Fig 9. The observed frequency of Moringa oleifera and
the copper sulphate was compared with standard functional group frequencies of Moringa oleifera and
the copper sulphate represents the functional group frequencies of Copper sulphate and Moringa
Oleifera and the reported range which indicates the purity and different functional groups of both .

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig 13 :IR Spectra of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS BY PARTICLE SIZE ANALYZER

The Copper Nanopartcle Synthesis by using first 2 method is unscuessful .After optimizing the first 2 method
successfully we formulate CUNP .
Particle size Copper nanoparticles was determined by the particle size analyzer.There were synthesis copper
nanoparticles by 4 method .The F3 batch shows better result than the F4 batch ,that’s why The Method 4 is
more effective for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles from the moringa oleifera lam . The particle size
analyzer measured the mean particle size and also also measured the PI Index .

Fig 14 : Particle Size Analysis of Method 1

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES BY PARTICLE SIZE

ANALYZER

Fig 15 : Particle Size Analysis of Method 2

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig 16 : Colour of sample Before the synthesis Fig 17: Colour of Sample After Synthesis

 PH of Sample before and after the synthesis of copper nanoparticles

Fig 18 : PH Before synthesis of CUNP Fig 19 : PH of sample after synthesis of CUNP

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 Antimicrobial Activity

Invitro antimicrobial activity will perform on Escheria Coli. The comparison of Moringa Oleifera extract
were done the results are shown in the fig 15 and values of zone of inhibition were given in table.

Fig 20 : Zone Of Inhibition

Sr. Microorganism Concentrati Zone of

No. on inhibition
(mm)

1 Staphylococcus 20µg/ml 4.3

aures

2 Staphylococcus 40µg/ml 5.4

aures

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 DISCUSSION:
There are several methods for synthesis of copper nanoparticles.Chemical and physical
methods have been successful in producing well defined NP bur there are certain
limitations. In this study Formulation and evaluation of Copper Nanoparticles by using
Moringa Oleifera leaves extract was successful. Herb like Moringa Oleifera and 1mM
solution of copper sulphate were used in the preparation. Alkaloids, flavonoids,
terpenoids, phenol are the phytoconstituents present in Moringa oleifera extract which
shows antimicrobial,antinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Copper sulphate present
in preparation act as precursor for synthesis copper nanoparticles . The formation of
copper nanoparticles and the role of biomolecules in the synthesis were confirmed by Uv
Vis absorption and particle size analyzer .The formed copper nanoparticles evaluated for
various parameters such as SEM,XRD, PH etc. The formulation is light yellow before
formation copper nanoparticles and , the PH is 3.2,after the formulation colour was
changed to dark brown colour and PH is increased to 5.4 it shows formation of copper
nanoparticles .My study reveals that the M.oleifera leaves extract and the synthesized
copper nanoparticles exert considerable Antinflammatory activity. it was concluded the
formulation f2 has shown the better result when compare to other formulation hence the
formulated Copper nanoparticles using Drumstick leaves extract and copper sulphate was
safe and effective for use.These findings suggest that the synthesized CUNP can be a
promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Arthritis ,Because it shows
Antinflammatory activity.
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

 CONCLUSION:
Formulation and evaluation of Copper Nanoparticles by using Moringa Oleifera leaves
extract was successful. herb like Moringa Oleifera and 1mM solution of copper sulphate
were used in the preparation. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol are the
phytoconstituents present in Moringa oleifera extract which shows
antimicrobial,antinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Copper sulphate present in
preparation act as precursor for synthesis copper nanoparticles . The formation of copper
nanoparticles and the role of biomolecules in the synthesis were confirmed by Uv Vis
absorption and particle size analyzer .The formed copper nanoparticles evaluated for
various parameters such as SEM,XRD, PH etc. The formulation is light yellow before
formation copper nanoparticles and , the PH is 3.2,after the formulation colour was
changed to dark brown colour and PH is increased to 5.4 it shows formation of copper
nanoparticles .My study reveals that the M.oleifera leaves extract and the synthesized
copper nanoparticles exert considerable Antinflammatory activity. it was concluded the
formulation f2 has shown the better result when compare to other formulation hence the
formulated Copper nanoparticles using Drumstick leaves extract and copper sulphate was
safe and effective for use.These findings suggest that the synthesized CUNP can be a
promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Arthritis ,Because it shows
Antinflammatory activity.The synthesized nanoparticles has several adavantages.

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 CONCLUSION
37
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18. Bukar, A., Uba, A. and Oyeyi, T., 2010. Antimicrobial profile of Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts
against some food–borne microorganisms. Bayero journal of pure and applied sciences, 3(1).
 REFERENCES
TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE COPPER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA
LAM LEAVES EXTRACT

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