A WORLD OF IDEALS: THE ANIMISM
Worship of non-human beings
GLOBALIZATION OF Animals, plants, the natural world
Indegenous nature worship
RELIGION Example: Shintoism
WHAT IS RELIGION
From British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
TYPES OF RELIGIOUS
Religion can be explained as a set of beliefs ORAGNIZATIONS
concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of CULTS
the universe, especially when considered as the Categorized as new religious groups
creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, “New Religious Movement”
usually involving devotional and ritual These groups are often regarded as
observances, and often containing a moral code secretive, controlling of member’s lives,
governing the conduct of human affairs. and dominated by a single, charismatic
leader
FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION (A Controversies:
Polygamy
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE) Physical and Sexual abuses
FUNCTIONALISM THEORY DENOMINATION
Religion gives meaning and purpose in life A large, mainstream religious organization,
Religion reinforces social unity and stability but it does not claim to be official or
Religion is an agent of social control state-sponsored
Religion promotes psychological and Examples:
physical well-being Baptists
Religion helps people to work for positive African Methodist Episcopal
social change Catholic
CONFLICT THEORY Seventh-day Adventist
“Opiate of the Masses” SECTS
Stereotypes about women and reinforcing Small and relatively new group
traditional views A breakaway group from a larger group,
Social conflict: People are willing to go to that may be in tension with the larger
war, to kill, to persecute society
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Challenges in doctrine and return to
Focus on ways in which people interpret “fundamental” teachings
their religious experiences Established sects: dissolve without growing
Beliefs and practices are not sacred unless into denominations
people attach meanings to it ECCLESIA
Deep feelings and another emotional and Congregation
psychological state Religious group that almost all members of
Examples: a society belong to.
When they see objects attached to Considered a nationally recognized, or
their religion official, religion that holds a religious
When people practice their faith in monopoly and is closely allied with the
the form of worship, rituals, and state and secular power
ceremonies. Examples:
Islamic laws and Judeo-Christian
TYPES OF RELIGION beliefs
MONOTHEISM
The belief in one God RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD
Worship of one God 1. Christianity
Denying the existence of other Gods 2. Islam
POLYTHEISM 3. Judaism
The belief in many Gods 4. Hinduism
Assembled in temples dedicated ti Gods 5. Buddhism
Example: Hinduism
Shiva (the destroyer)
CHRISTIANITY
Based on the teachings of Jesus the FOUR CYCLES OF LIFE (SAMARA)
Nazareth, who is believed to be the 1. Birth
physical son of God through the 2. Life
impregnation of the Virgin Mary by the 3. Death
Holy Spirit 4. Rebirth
Jesus is the promised Messiah of the
Hebrew Scriptures, and his life, death, Atman- a piece of Brahman (a spirit or a
and resurrection are salvific for the soul)
world. Moksha- liberation or freedom from
Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit samsara
Separates God and Human: Sin Good karma- Dharma (duties)
Inherent Good: God
Old and New Testament Religion or philosophy inspired by
ISLAM Siddhartha Gautama (Gautama Buddha)
Dominant religion in the Middle East, Do not worship deities
Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, The focus is on spiritual life and spiritual
Brunei), and Northern Africa development (Enlightenment-Nirvana)
Belief in only one God- “Allah” and that The Four Noble Truths
Muhammad is their prophet 1. Suffering (Dukkha)
Five Pillars of Islam: old age, sickness, death
Testimony of Faith (shahada) 2. Origin of Suffering (Samudaya)
Daily Prayer (salah) Desire
Giving alms (zakah) 3. Cessation of Suffering (Nirodha)
Fasting (sawm) detachment, liberation
Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) 4. Path to cessation of Suffering
Scripture: Qur’an or Koran
Divided between two schools: EIGHTFOLD PATH
Sunni 1. Right Understanding
Shia 2. Right Intention
JUDAISM 3. Right Speech
Judaism is the native faith of the Jewish 4. Right Action
people. 5. Right livelihood
The belief is based on the covenant of 6. Right Effort
responsibility between God and 7. Right Mindfulness
Abraham 8. Right Concentration
God- “Yahweh”
Promised Land for the chosen people:
Canaan- Israel, Ancient Palestine
Torah/Pentateuch (scripture- The first 5
books of the Hebrew Bible)
A messiah will come and rule over the
Kingdom of Israel and unite the people
HINDUISM
Originated from the Vedic civilization of
India
Hinduism is diverse and there is no single
founder or religious authority because
the faith is based on the belief in many
gods Inferior - identities connect with globalism
Scriptures: Vedas, Upanishads, and the (citizenship, language, race)
Bhagavad-Gita Superior identity - membership in religious
Hindu Triumvirate: group, organization, or cult which ties
Brahma (the creator of the universe) individuals to the divine.
Vishnu (the preserver and the
protector of the world)
Being a Christian, a Muslim, or a Buddhist places Some religions (Christianity and Islam),
one in a higher plane than just being a Filipino, a regard globalization as an opportunity to
Spanish speaker, or an Anglo Saxon. expand their presence over the globe
rather than as a threat.
The disagreements between religion and
globalism explains why people “flee” Religion as a “pro-active” force
their communities and establish Globalization liberated communities from
sanctuaries free from state interference. national-state limitations, on the other
The disagreements between religion and hand, it has threatened to destroy the
globalism explains why people “flee” cultural framework that binds them
their communities and establish together.
sanctuaries free from state interference. Religion offers to feel the void left by these
Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama shattered “traditional links”.
Religion can give groups “moral standard”
PETER BERGER that address personal issues.
“The contemporary world is… furiously Religious people use globalization to
religious. In most of the world, there are further spread their ideals and cause.
veritable explosions of religious fervor,
occurring in one form or another in all Religion as opposed to Globalization
the major religious traditions- Some religions are threatened by
Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, globalization because globalization have
Buddhism, and even Confucianism (if agents (people) who actively promote
one wants to call it a religion)- and in Western principles, such as secularism,
many places in imaginative syntheses of liberalism, and even communism.
one or more world religions with The threat lies on how far can these agents
indigenous faiths.” influence other religious members and
promote these(liberal principles) on
REALITIES OF RELIGION (GOVERNMENT their territories, and eventually replace
SYSTEM) a particular religion.
Religions are the foundations of modern
republics.
Malaysian government places religion at
SUMMARY: RELIGION AND GLOBALIZATION
the center of its political system. POSITIVE INSIGHTS
Iranian leader, Ayatollah Khomeini 1. Religion was the result of changes in
emphasized the superiority of Islamic state policy.
rule over its secular counterparts. 2. Globalization helps people to accept
Religious movements use secular themes
and understand other cultures and
and activities. religions.
Islamic schools such as Nahdlatul Ulama in
3. Religious practices become part of
Indonesia educates the pupils not only public life.
about Islam but also about modern 4. Media and technology help spread
science, social sciences, banking, civic ideas and religions.
education, women’s rights, pluralism
and democracy. NEGATIVE INSIGHTS
Religion is the center of conflict and social
1. Impacts of globalization may break and
reforms and movements. weaken some traditional beliefs and practices of
King Henry VII broke away from Roman
the people
Catholicism and established his own 2. Spread of Terrorism
Church to bolster his own power. 3. “Othering” between people of different
In the United States, religion and the law
religion and beliefs
were fused together to help build this 4. Globalization of religion may result in conflict
“modern secular society”. and/or peace
RELIGION FOR AND AGAINST GLOBALIZATION RELIGION AND GLOBAL CONFLICT
Religious movements utilize religion to
September 11 attacks
resist “profane globalization”. Rise of ISIS
Israel- Palestine Conflict
