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SMART ENGLISH

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10th Std

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Based on the New Syllabus and
New Textbook for the year 2019-20

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 Tamil Translation for all Units
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Salient Features
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 Answer for all questions in Textbook.

 Key points and Summary for all the units of Prose, Poem and Supplementary.
Linewise explanation for all the Poems.
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 Exhaustive Additional Questions & Answers for all sections of Prose, Poem and
Supplementary.
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 Each section for Vocabulary, Grammar, Writing Skills, Language Functions,

Communicative Skills and Expansion of Ideas with examples and exercises.
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2019-20 Edition
All rights reserved © SURA Publications.
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, digitally, electronically, mechanically, photocopying, recorded or otherwise, without the

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written permission of the publishers. Strict action will be taken.

ISBN : 978-81-8449-511-9

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Code No : SG 45

Authors : PREFACE
 Mr. D. Ram Naren, M.A., M.Ed. Chennai
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.

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 Mr. M. David, M.A., B.Ed. Chennai.
But I have promises to keep, and
 Ms. V. Revathi Narayanan. , M.A., M.Ed. Trichy.
miles to go before I sleep
- Robert Frost

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Respected Principals, Correspondents, Head Masters/
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sincerely thank you for the support and patronage that you

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Dr. D. Murali Manohar M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil., P.h.D. It is in our sincerest effort we take the pride
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CONTENTS
UNIT Page
Prose His First Flight - Liam O’Flaherty 1 - 14
1

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Poem* Life - Henry Van Dyke 19 - 24
Supplementary The Tempest - An Extract from Charles Lamb’s Tales From Shakespeare 25 - 34

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Prose The Night the Ghost Got in - James Grover Thurber 35 - 48
2 Poem The Grumble Family - Lucy Maud Montgomery 49 - 54
Supplementary Zigzag - Asha Nehemiah 55 - 66

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Prose Empowered Women Navigating The World 67 - 82
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Poem* I am Every Woman - Rakhi Nariani Shirke 83 - 88
Supplementary The Story of Mulan 89 - 96

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Prose The Attic - Satyajit Ray 97 - 114
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Poem The Ant and the Cricket - Adapted from Aesop’s fables 115 - 122
Supplementary The Aged Mother - Matsuo Basho 123 - 132

Prose Tech Bloomers 133 - 148

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5 Poem* The Secret of the Machines - Rudyard Kipling 149 - 154

Supplementary A day in 2889 of an American Journalist - Jules Verne 155 - 162
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Prose The Last Lesson - Alphonse Daudet 163 - 179

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Poem* No Men Are Foreign - James Falconer Kirkup 180 - 186

Supplementary The Little Hero of Holland 187 - 196
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Prose The Dying Detective - Arthur Conan Doyle 197 - 210

7 Poem The House on Elm Street - Nadia Bush 211 - 216
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Supplementary A Dilemma - Silas Weir Mitchell 217 - 226

Poetic Devices - A Glance 15 - 17
* Memoriter Poems 18

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Vocabulary & Grammar Section

Vocabulary

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Q. NO. PAGE
1 Synonyms 227 - 233

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2 Antonyms 234 - 240
3 Parts of Speech 240 - 242
4 Singular & Plural Forms 243 - 246
5 Idioms 246 - 250

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6 Phrase & Clauses 250 - 255
7 Compound Words 255 - 260
8 Affixes (Prefix & Suffix) 260 - 263

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9 Expanded form of Abbreviation, Acronyms & Contractions 264 - 270
10 Homophones & Confusables 271 - 272
11 Constructing Sentences using different Parts of Speech 273 - 276

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Grammar
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1 Modals 276 - 279

2 Active & Passive Voice 280 - 281
3 Articles and Determiners 282 - 283
4 Prepositional Phrases 283 - 285
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5 Tenses 285 - 289

6 Conjunctions 289 - 291
7 Nominalisation 291 - 293
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8 Finite, Non-finite Verbs 294 - 295

9 Pronouns 295 - 297
10 Reported Speech 297 - 301
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11 Subject-Verb Agreement 302 - 304

12 Transformation of Sentences 304 - 310
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13 If Sentences-Conditions 310 - 312

14 Sentence Recognition 313 - 314
15 Punctuation 315 - 316
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16 Sentence Pattern 316 - 321

17 Question Tags 321 - 324
18 Degrees of Comparison 324 - 330

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Writing Skills, Language Functions,

Communicative Skills & Expansion of Ideas
1 General Comprehension 330 - 334

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2 Spot the Error 334 - 343
3 Picture Comprehension 344 - 345

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4 Advertisement Making 346 - 347
5 Report Writing 348 - 349
6 Writing Speech 349 - 352

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7 Slogan Writing 352 - 355
8 Letter Writing 355 - 359
9 Notice Writing 360 - 362

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10 Article Writing 363 - 364
11 E-mail Wiring 365 - 366
12 Message Writing 367 - 369

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13 Poster Making 369 - 371
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14 Pamphlet Creation 371 - 372

15 Dialogue Writing / Fill in 372 - 376
16 Road Map Instructions 377 - 379
17 Review(Book, Film, Event,...) 379 - 380
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18 Views on the given picture 380 - 382

19 Poem Paraphrase 383 - 385
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20 Non-Verbal Interpretation 385 - 388

21 Developing Hints 388 - 391
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22 Expanding Headlines 391 - 393

23 Translation 393 - 394
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PROSE
Unit
His First Flight
1 - Liam O’Flaherty

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L iam O’Flaherty (1896 - 1984) is an Irish novelist and short-story

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writer. He is a major figure of the Irish Renaissance. He was a
founding member of the Communist Party of Ireland. Some of his best
short stories were written in Irish. His autobiography, Shame the Devil,
was published in 1934. His novel The Informer was made into a film. His

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First Flight and The Sniper are regarded as some of his best short stories.
Collections of his short stories and letters were republished after his death.
He is regarded as a strong voice for Irish nature and its culture.

KEY POINTS ok
Padasalai
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“His first flight” is an interesting story of a young seagull who was afraid of flying.
He did not have confidence. He was full of pessimism.
His parents, brothers and sister encouraged, scolded, tempted and taunted him to make his first flight.
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But he did not have enough courage to fly.

He was left alone for twenty four hours, and he ate nothing.
He was extremely hungry. He begged his mother for food.
She picked up a piece of fish and flew across him. The sight of food maddened him. He dived.
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He cried and screamed. His wings opened up automatically. He flapped his wings.
His family joined him in his first flight and praised him for his efforts.
They offered him scraps of dogfish.
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Summary
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‘His first flight’ by Liam O’ Flaherty is a true parable about overcoming fears in life. Every journey of
a thousand miles begins with a single step. But that single step is the most difficult one to make. When we
conquer the fear and venture forth, we will realize that we are born with wings.
A young seagull looked desperately at the vast expanse of water that stretched before him. His parents,
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brothers and little sister had flown away. They left him along on the rock. There was no food and he was hungry.
He could not fly. Many times, he had tried to run forward to the brink of the ledge and flap his wings. But he
was afraid that his wings would not support him. His parents made countless efforts to make him fly. Yet they
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could not persuade him, to make an attempt to fly. He was starving and felt that he would die, if he did not get
any food. He saw his mother tearing a piece of fish with her beak. When he cried out to her, she just screamed
back. Then he saw his mother approaching him with food and was very happy. But she stopped at a distance.
He was very hungry. So he dived at the fish. His mother flew upward and he started falling. He was terrified for
a moment, but then he realized that he was flying. In this way, he made his ‘first flight’. His parents and sister
praised him. He was offered scraps of dogfish.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

GLOSSARY
beckoning (v) - making a gesture with the hand or head to encourage someone to approach
or follow

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cackle (n) - a sharp, broken noise or cry of a hen, goose or seagull
devour (v) - to eat something eagerly and in large amounts, so that nothing is left
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gnaw (v) - to bite or chew something repeatedly

herring (n) - a long silver fish that swims in large groups in the sea

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ledge (n) - a narrow shelf that juts out from a vertical surface
mackerel (n) - a sea fish with a strong taste, often used as food
plaintively (adv.) - sadly, calling in a sad way
precipice (n) - a very steep side of a cliff or a mountain

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preening (v) - cleaning feathers with beak
shrilly (adv.) - producing a high-pitched and piercing voice or sound
soared (v) - rose quickly to a high level

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swoop (v) - to move very quickly and easily through the air
trot (v) - to run at a moderate pace with short steps
whet (v) - to sharpen
* Words given in bold in this Glossary are taken from Textbook Glossary.

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Words Synonyms Antonyms
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abreast beside far away

amusedly delightfully sadly
ascending rising descending
beneath below above
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blazing glowing cooling

brink edge centre
cackle cluck --
commenced started ended
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cowardice fear, timidity courage

daintily casually, moderately clumsily, awkwardly
desperate hopeless hopeful
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devour eat quickly nibble

dizzy giddy stable
dozing snoozing, napping awake
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eagerly anxiously unwillingly

exhausted tired refreshed
floating drifting sinking
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gnawed chewed --
gradually slowly suddenly
headlong rashly, recklessly cautiously
maddened enraged pleased
mockingly jeeringly respectfully

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Sura’s ➠ Prose - His First Flight

Words Synonyms Antonyms
monstrous horrible, dreadful beautiful, humane
muster gather disperse
plaintively sadly, mournfully cheerfully
plunge dive (quickly) rise

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precipice steep cliff

UNIT - 1
preening grooming, cleaning dirtying
pretended falsified genuine

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raising lifting lowering
swooped dived soared
thrust push pull
trotted jogged stood

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uttered expressed suppressed
whet sharpen blunt

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In
-te
xt

In-text Questions
a. Why did the seagull fail to fly?
Ans The seagull failed to fly because he did not have confidence on his wings and he had fear to fly.

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b. What did the parents do, when the young seagull failed to fly?
Ans His parents tried to make him fly by scolding him and threatening him to starve on his ledge.
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c. What was the first catch of the young seagull’s older brother?
Ans The first catch of the young sea gull’s older brother was a herring.
d. What did the young seagull manage to find in his search for food on the ledge?
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Ans The young seagull managed to find dried pieces of eggshell in his search for food on the ledge.
e. What did the young bird do to seek the attention of his parents?
Ans He stood on one leg with the other leg hidden under his wing. He closed one eye, then the other
and pretended to be falling asleep. This was done by the bird to seek the attention of his parents.
.s

f. What made the young seagull go mad?

Ans His mother was standing on a little high hump on the plateau. She was tearing a piece of fish that
lay at her feet. She scraped each side of her beak on the rock. The sight of the food maddened him.
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g. Why did the young bird utter a joyful scream?

Ans The young bird saw his mother picking up a piece of fish and flying across to him. Seeing this, the
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bird uttered a joyful scream.

h. Did the mother bird offer any food to the young bird?
Ans No, the mother bird did not offer any food to the young bird.
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i. How did the bird feel when it started flying for the first time?
Ans He felt his wings spread outwards. The wind rushed against his breast feathers, stomach and wings.
He could feel the tips of his wings cutting through the air.
j. What did the young bird’s family do when he started flying?
Ans They were flying around him, praising, soaring and diving together with him.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
1. How was the young seagull’s first attempt to fly?

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Ans The young seagull tried to fly. But he was scared to do so. His parents, brothers and sister
persuaded him to fly. They also motivated him. But the young seagull felt that his wings would
PROSE

not support him.

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2. How did the parents support and encourage the young seagull’s brothers and sister?
Ans His parents were flying about with his brothers and sister. They were perfecting them in the
art of flight. They also taught them how to skim the waves and how to dive for fish.
3. Give an instance that shows the pathetic condition of the young bird.

s.
Ans The young seagull had not eaten since the previous nightfall. There was not a single scrap of
food left. He searched for food every inch of the straw nest. He even chewed at the dried pieces
of eggshell.

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4. How did the bird try to reach its parents without having to fly?
Ans The young seagull ran back and forth from one end of the ledge to the other end. His long grey
legs stepped daintily, trying to find some means of reaching his parents without flying.

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5. Do you think that the young seagull’s parents were harsh to him? Why?
Ans Yes, they were harsh towards the seagull because they wanted him to learn the art of flying
without any one’s help.
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6. What prompted the young seagull to fly finally?

Ans His mother picked up a piece of fish and flew across to him with it. But then she halted, just
opposite to him. She was almost within reach of his beak. Maddened by hunger, the young
seagull dived at the fish. This act of his mother prompted the young seagull to fly finally.
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7. What happened to the young seagull when it landed on the green sea?
Ans When the young seagull landed on the green sea, his legs sank into it. He screamed with fright
and attempted to rise again. He was exhausted. His feet sank into the sea. His belly touched it.
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He sank no further. He was floating on it.

SHORT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS - ADDITIONAL

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1. How many brothers and sisters did the young seagull have? When did they fly away from the ledge?
Ans The young seagull had two brothers and one sister. They flew away the previous day from the
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ledge.
2. Where did the seagull run back, when he was frightened to fly? Why was he afraid?
Ans The young seagull ran back to the little hole under the ledge, where he slept at night. He was
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afraid to see the vast expanse of the sea beneath him.

3. What appeared so desperate to the seagull?
Ans The seagull failed to gather the courage to take a plunge into the sea. This appeared so desperate
to him.

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Sura’s ➠ Prose - His First Flight

4. How long was the seagull alone without anyone near him? Why did he feel the heat?
Ans He was alone for twenty four hours without anyone near him. He felt the heat because he had
not eaten since the previous nightfall.
5. Where did he search for food?
Ans He searched every inch, rooting among the rough, dirt-caked straw nest, where he and his

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brothers and sister had been hatched.

UNIT - 1
B. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph of about 100-150 words.

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1. Describe the struggles underwent by the young seagull to overcome its fear of flying.
Ans The young seagull was afraid of flying. His parents strove their level best to teach the young
seagull to fly but in vain. The parents, brothers and sister thought a plan to teach him to fly.
They flew away to another rock and left him alone. They did not give him anything to eat.

s.
He stood there on one leg and closed his eyes. He was very hungry. He searched for food
everywhere. He even chewed the dried pieces of the eggshells. He saw his mother tearing a
piece of fish. He begged his mother to give him food. So the mother flew with the piece of fish
to the young seagull. When she reached over him, she became motionless in the air. She did

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not get down on the rock. She wanted to give the young seagull an incentive to fly. The seagull
bent forward and jumped at the fish. He was much frightened. But he began to flap his wings
to save himself.
2. Your parents sometimes behave like the young bird’s parents. They may seem cruel and unrelenting.

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Does it mean that they do not care for you? Explain your views about it with reference from the
story.
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Ans Parents really care for about their children. They may be seen as cruel, but they are not so.
The mother seagull turned to be cruel but her intention was kind. She wanted to give the
young seagull an incentive to fly. Likewise, our parents may be sometimes harsh and strict.
We would feel that they don’t understand our feelings and are cruel to us. But we realize
later that they are like this, only to give us encouragement and to avoid our fear and doubts.
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They guide us to overcome our fears in life. We have to conquer our fear and venture forth.
Only then we will realize that we are born with wings.
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PARAGRAPH QUESTION & ANSWER - ADDITIONAL

1. What is the message of the lesson ‘His first flight’?
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Ans ‘His first flight’ is a parable. The seagulls convey the message of self-confidence, motivation
and self-reliance. The mother seagull motivates the young one enough to get him to learn
flying. The young seagull realises the importance of belief and faith. He flaps his wings to learn
flying and gain the confidence to be independent. The story conveys “Give a man a fish and
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you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime”. The parable also
stresses the importance of family ties and devoted support. It tells about the painful process of
learning an important lesson in life.
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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

Vocabulary
C. Change the parts of speech of the given words in the chart.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

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exhaustion exhaust exhaustible exhaustively
wideness widen wide widely
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madness madden mad madly

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perfection perfect perfect perfectly

D. Read the following sentences and change the form of the underlined words as directed.
1. His family was screaming and offering him food. (to adjective)

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Ans His screaming family was offering him food.

2. The young seagull gave out a loud call. (to adverb)

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Ans The young seagull gave out a call loudly.

3. The bird cackled amusedly while flying. (to noun)

Ans The bird cackled in amusement while flying.

4. The depth of the sea from the ledge scared the seagull. (to adjective)

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Ans The deep sea scared the seagull.

5. The successful flight of the bird was a proud moment for the seagull’s family. (to verb)
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Ans The bird successfully flighted and it was a proud moment for the seagull’s family.

E. Use the following words to construct meaningful sentences on your own.

1. coward - They called him a coward.
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2. gradual - We noticed a gradual increase in temperature.

3. praise - She received a lot of praise.
4. courageous - She is a very courageous girl.
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5. starvation - Many children die of starvation in Somalia.

Listening
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F. *Here is a travelogue by the students of Government Girls Higher Secondary School,

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Pattukkottai after their trip to Darjeeling. Listen to the travelogue and answer the following
questions.
i) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
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1. The students visited _________ city. [Ans: Darjeeling ]

2. _________ is the third highest mountain in the world. [Ans: Kanchenjunga]
3. _________ hill is 13 km away from Darjeeling. [Ans: Tiger ]
4. The drinking water is supplied by _________ lake to the city. [Ans: Senchal ]
5. After Senchal lake, they visited _________. [Ans: Batasia Loop, a spiral railway near Ghum ]

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Sura’s ➠ Prose - His First Flight

ii) Do you think they had a memorable and enjoyable school trip?
Ans Yes. They had a memorable and enjoyable school trip.

iii) Name a few places that you wish to visit with your classmates as a school trip.
Ans Ooty, Kodaikanal, Thanjavur, Hogenakkal, Kanyakumari.

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iv) State whether the following statements are True or False.

UNIT - 1
1. As the sky was cloudy, they could get the glimpse of the Mount Everest.
Ans False. (The sky was not cloudy.)

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2. The toy train covers 14 km in three hours.
Ans True
3. Tiger hill has earned international fame for the best sunset view.
Ans False (Best sunrise view.)

s.
Speaking
Dialogue
G.

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Here is a dialogue between a father and his daughter. Continue the dialogue with at least
five utterances and use all the clues given above.
Father : Hi Mary, it has been a very long time since we went on a trip. Let’s plan one.

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Mary : Yes, dad. I am also longing to go. Why don’t we plan one for this weekend?
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Father : Sure. Tell me, where shall we go?

Mary : Some place nearby but for at least two days.
Father : Hmm… I think we should go to the reserved forest nearby.
Mary : Yeah. I’ve never been to a forest. I have seen a forest only on the TV and movies.
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The forest is a good choice!

Father : OK. If we are going to the forest, we must list out what we should carry with us for two
days.
.s

Mary : I think we should carry suitable clothes like long-sleeved shirts and jean pants.
Father : What about the food? Do you have any idea, Mary?
Yeah. For food, I suggest taking bread, jam and biscuit packets.
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Mary :
Father : Anyway, we will stay in the Government guest house inside the jungle.
Mary : Will they provide breakfast or lunch?
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Father : I think they will. I will inquire about food while booking accommodation.
Mary : Will the forest animals hurt the inmates of the guest house?
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Father : No. Our stay will be safe.

Mary : Is it possible to see all the places in the forest just by walking?
Father :  o. Nature watch and wildlife viewing are possible in an open four wheeler Jeep or
N
on elephant back.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

Reading
H. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Questions

m
1. What is Bungee Jumping?
PROSE

Ans Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a
long elastic cord.

co
2. Can Bungee be performed from a movable object? How?
Ans Yes. Bungee can be performed from a movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter,
that can hover above the ground.

s.
3. When do you think Bungee becomes thrilling?
Ans The thrill comes from the free-falling and the rebound.

4. What is the experience when one falls off the platform?

ok
Ans When the person jumps, the cord stretches and the jumper flies upwards again as the cord
recoils and continues to oscillate up and down until all the kinetic energy is dissipated. It is an
experience of breathtaking quality.

Padasalai
5. Where is the Bungee jumping point located in India?
o
Ans The Bungee jumping point is located in Mohan Chatti village, in Rishikesh.
ab

6. What is the minimum age to Bungee jump?

Ans The minimum age to Bungee jump is 12 years.

Writing
ur

I. Prepare attractive advertisements using the hints given below.

1. Home appliances – Aadi Sale – 20-50% - Special Combo Offers – Muthusamy & Co., Raja Street,
.s

Gingee.
Ans
w

BEST HOME APPLIANCES

Special Combo Offers
w

 Mixie with egg boiler and Juice maker Aadi Sale!

 Micro-oven with sandwich 20 - 50 %
Toaster and Induction Stove
w

Hurry ! Limited offers !

Muthusamy & Co. Contact : 9840927735
Raja Street, Gingee 9640910024

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Sura’s ➠ Prose - His First Flight

2. Mobile Galaxy – Smart phones – accessories – SIM cards – Recharge – Free Power banks on Mobile
purchase – No.1, Toll gate, Trichy
Ans

MOBILE GALAXY

m
Smart Phones
r
Offe

UNIT - 1
 Accessories nt
Discou
 Sim Cards 30%

co
 Recharge
Free Power Banks on Mobile Purchase
 Mobile : 9780072351

s.
Contact : No. 1, Toll Gate, Trichy 9785062452

Report Writing
J.
ok
Write a report of the following events in about 100-120 words.
1. ‘Educational Development Day’ was organized in your school on 15th July. The District Collector

Padasalai
was the Chief Guest of the event. As part of the event, many competitions were held and the prizes
o
were distributed to the winners and participants. It was a grand and successful event. Now, as the
member of the organizing committee, write a report on the event in about 120 words.
ab

Ans Educational Development Day

by Ravi Tej
Ratna Matriculation Higher Secondary organized the Educational Development Day on
15th July 2018. The event was to inculcate the skills of writing, reading, listening and speaking
ur

in the students. Approximately 500 students participated in this Programme. The programme
began with a prayer song sung by the school choir. After this, the Headmaster delivered
the welcome speech. This programme was inaugurated by the Chief Guest Mrs. Malini
Ramesh, the District Collector. Many competitions were held for the students in three levels
.s

– Sub. Junior, Junior and Senior levels. In each level, there were various competitions like
recitation, elocution, slogan reading and some listening activities. Many students took part
in all these competitions with enthusiasm and a winning spirit. At the end of the programme,
w

prizes were distributed to the winners and participants. They were given valuable books and
certificates. The Chief Guest praised all the winners and participants for their wonderful
performance. The event ended with the National Anthem. It was a grand and successful event.
w

2. You are the School Pupil Leader. You have been asked to write a report on the Inaugural Ceremony
of English Literary Association of your school which was held recently. Write a report on the same
in not more than 120 words.
w

Ans Inaugural Ceremony of English Literary Association

by Karen Raj (School Pupil Leader)
Christ Matriculation School organized the inaugural ceremony of English Literary Association
on 22nd February 2019. The event was to create a better learning atmosphere in our school and
to make the students overcome their fear, when they perform in front of the audience. The
Chief Guest was our Headmaster Mr. Rahul Pandey. The programme began with an invocation

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

(prayer) by our school choir. Our English teacher, Mrs. Premalatha welcomed the gathering.
Our Headmaster addressed the gathering with an inspirational speech and guidance. After
his speech, he inaugurated the English Literary Association. A skit was enacted by the
students of X Std and elocution on the, Importance of Education, was given by R. Ranjini
of X Std ‘A’. The programme ended with the vote of thanks by the Asst. School Pupil Leader,
R. Bharath, of XII Std.

m
3. You are the Coordinator of the Science Forum of your school. An event had been organized on
PROSE

account of National Science Day for the members of the forum. Now, write a report based on your
observation of “National Science Day” at your school.

co
Ans National Science Day
by Suhasini (Coordinator of Science Forum)
St. John’s School of Pallavaram organized a Science Exhibition in the event of National Science
Day for the members of the forum on 28th February 2019. The purpose of this event was to

s.
commemorate and honour Sir C. V. Raman for his legacy. He had discovered Raman Effect on
the 28th February 1928. All the members of this forum and the students from nearby schools
were invited to have a glance at the science exhibition. The Chief Guest for this event was

ok
Mr. Natesan, Professor of S.G. Arts & Science College, Vellore. He gave some motivational tips
and guidelines to promote our Forum and Science department. The event came to an end with
the National Anthem.

Padasalai
o
ab

A. Complete these sentences using appropriate modals. The clues in the brackets will help
you.
1. When I was a child, I _______ climb trees easily but now I can’t. (ability in the past) [Ans: could ]
2. I _________ win this singing contest. (determination) [Ans: can ]
ur

3. You _________ buy this book. It is worth buying. (advice or suggestion) [Ans: should ]
4. Poongothai _________ speak several languages. (ability in the present) [Ans: can ]
5. I swear I _________ tell lies again. (promise) [Ans: shall not ]
6. My father _________ play badminton in the evenings when he was at college. (past habit)
.s

 [Ans: used to ]
7. You _________ do as I say! (command) [Ans: should ]
8. _________ I have another glass of water? (request) [Ans: May ]
w

9. Sibi has not practised hard but he _________ win the race. (possibility) [Ans: can ]
10. We _________ preserve our natural resources. (duty) [Ans: ought to ]
w

B. Rewrite the following sentences by rectifying the errors in the use of modals.
1. Would I have your autograph?
Ans May I have your autograph?
w

2. I can be fifteen next April.

Ans I shall be fifteen next April.

3. Take an umbrella. It should rain later.

Ans Take an umbrella. It may rain later.

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Sura’s ➠ Prose - His First Flight

4. The magistrate ordered that he might pay the fine.
Ans The magistrate ordered that he must pay the fine.

5. Make me a cup of tea, shall you?

Ans Make me a cup of tea, will you?

m
6. You may speak politely to the elders.

UNIT - 1
Ans You must / ought to speak politely to the elders.

7. You will get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.

co
Ans You should get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.

8. We could grow vegetables in our kitchen garden but we don’t do it now.

Ans We used to grow vegetables in our kitchen garden but we don’t do it now.

s.
9. Must I get your jacket? The weather is cold.
Ans Shall I get your jacket? The weather is cold.

10. Could the train be on time?

ok
Ans Will the train be on time?

C. Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks with suitable modals.
Dad : Shall we go out for dinner tonight?

Padasalai
o
Charan : Yes, Dad. We shall go to a restaurant where I can have some ice cream.
Dad : OK. Then, I shall be home by 7 p.m. Mom and you must be ready by then.
ab

Charan : Sure. We shall. My friend told me that there is a magic show nearby. Will you please take
us there?
Dad : We may not have time to go for the magic show, I suppose. If we have enough time left, we
shall plan.
Charan : By the way, must we inform our gate keeper about our outing?
ur

Dad : Yes, we must so that he will be aware we aren’t at home.

Charan : Shall I call up Mom and tell her about our plan today?
Dad : You have to. Otherwise, we might be in trouble when she returns home.
.s

Charan : Hmm… by the time you come home in the evening, we will be waiting for you. Hope you
won’t be late. Bye.

D. Read the following dialogues and supply appropriate modals.

w

Student : Can we leave our bags in the class during the break?
Teacher : Yes, you may but arrange them neatly.
w

Passenger : My child is 6 years old. Do I have to buy him a ticket?

Conductor : Yes, you must. It costs half of the price of an adult ticket.
w

Vani : Can we go for coffee after the meeting?

Yoga : No, I shan’t. I have to go home.

Salesman : When will I receive my order?

Customer : I shall assure you sir, the order will be delivered tomorrow.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

Neela : Do you think I should write about my education background
in the resume?
Preethi : Yes, you must. You may get a better job.

E. Here are a few sentences already done for you. The clues given would be helpful to \

m
make more sentences on your own.
1. I would suggest that you take the Uzhavan Express to Thanjavur from Chennai.
PROSE

2. You will be more comfortable if you could book 3 tier A/C.

co
3. You could enjoy the trip.
4. You should visit the temples.
5. You mustn’t miss visiting the Big Temple.
6. You can buy many artistic things.

s.
7. You must see the Saraswathi Mahal and its library.
8. A big palace can be seen in Thanjavur.
9. We shall buy Dancing Dolls.

ok
10. Thiruvaiyaru, Kallanai Dam and Poondi Church can be visited from Thanjavur.

Active and Passive

F. Change the following sentences to the other voice.

Padasalai
o
1. The manager appointed many office assistants.
Ans Many office assistants were appointed by the manager.
ab

2. You are making a cake now.

Ans A cake is being made by you.

3. That portrait was painted by my grandmother.

ur

Ans My grandmother painted that portrait.

4. Malini had bought a colourful hat for her daughter.

Ans A colourful hat had been bought by Malini for her daughter.
.s

5. They have asked me to pay the fine.

Ans I was asked to pay the fine by them.

6. The militants were being taken to prison by the police.

w

Ans The police were taking the militants to prison.

7. His behaviour vexes me.

w

Ans I am vexed by his behaviour.

8. Rosy will solve the problem.

Ans The problem will be solved by Rosy.
w

9. Our army has defeated the enemy.

Ans The enemy has been defeated by our army.

10. The salesman answered all the questions patiently.

Ans All the questions were answered patiently by the salesman.

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Sura’s ➠ Prose - His First Flight

G. Change the following into Passive voice.
1. Please call him at once.
Ans You are requested to call him at once.
2. How did you cross the river?

m
Ans How was the river crossed by you?
3. No one is borrowing the novels from the library.

UNIT - 1
Ans The novels are not being borrowed from the library.

co
4. Will you help me?
Ans Will I be helped by you?
5. Go for a jog early in the morning.
Ans You are advised to go for a jog early in the morning.

s.
6. Why have you left your brother at home?
Ans Why has your brother been left at home by you?
7. Nobody should violate the rules.

ok
Ans The rules should not be violated.
8. Someone has to initiate it immediately.
Ans It has to be initiated immediately.
9. Have you invited Raman to the party?

Padasalai
o
Ans Has Raman been invited to the party by you?
10. Please do not walk on the grass.
ab

Ans You are requested not to walk on the grass.

11. Cross the busy roads carefully.
Ans You are advised to cross the busy roads carefully. / Let the busy roads be crossed carefully.
12. When will you book the tickets to Bengaluru?
ur

Ans When will the tickets be booked to Bengaluru by you?

H. In the following sentences the verbs have two objects namely Direct and Indirect objects.
Change each of the following sentences into two passives using direct object as the
.s

subject in one and indirect in the other.

1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.
Ans (a) Jill was given a bar of chocolate by John.
w

(b) A bar of chocolate was given to Jill by John.

2. Pragathi lent a pencil to Keerthana.
w

Ans (a) Keerthana was lent a pencil by Pragathi.

(b) A pencil was lent to Keerthana by Pragathi.
3. Sudha told the truth to her friend.
w

Ans (a) The truth was told to her friend by Sudha.

(b) Her friend was told the truth by Sudha.
4. They offered the job to Venkat.
Ans (a) Venkat was offered a job by them.
(b) A job was offered to Venkat by them.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

5. The boss showed the new computer to Kaviya.
Ans (a) Kaviya was shown the new computer by the boss.
(b) The new computer was shown to Kaviya by the boss.

I. Rewrite the following passage in Passive Voice.

A few days ago, someone stole Ambrose’s motorbike. Ambrose had left it outside his house. He reported

m
the theft to the police. The police told him that they would try to find his motorbike. This morning, they
found his motorbike. The police called Ambrose to the police station. The thieves had painted it and then
PROSE

sold it to someone else. The new owner had parked the motorbike outside a mall when the police found

co
it. After an enquiry, the police arrested the thieves.
Ans A few days ago, Ambrose’s motorbike was stolen by someone. It had been left outside his house by
Ambrose. The theft was reported to the police by him. He was told by the police that they would
try to find his motorbike. This morning, his motorbike was found by them. Ambrose was called to
the police station by the police. It had been painted and then sold to someone else by the thieves.

s.
The motorbike had been parked outside a mall by the new owner, when it was found by the police.
After an enquiry, the thieves were arrested by the police.

ok
J. Write a recipe of your favourite dish in passive voice. Remember to list out the ingredients
of the dish you have chosen and their quantity. Use Simple Present tense to write your
recipe.
Ans Recipe of my favourite dish :

Padasalai
o
Pulka Chapathi Roti
Ingredients
ab

1. 500 gms wheat flour

2. 1 teaspoon salt
3. 1 tablespoon vegetable oil
4. 400 ml water
ur

500 gm of wheat flour should be taken in a bowl. A teaspoon of salt should be added to it.
One tablespoon of vegetable oil should be added to it. Water should be poured little by little and
kneaded well. It should not be kneaded too hard. After kneading it, it should be covered with wet
cloth for twenty minutes. Little rolls should be taken to be rolled to a circle. Then it should be heated
.s

on a low flame on both sides in a tava. Then it can be eaten hot with potato kurma.

K. Write a report of an event held at your school using Passive voice. Use Simple Past Tense
w

to narrate the event.

Ans Report of an event :
Farewell Party
w

A farewell party was organized for our XII Std students on 28th February 2019. The students
of X were invited by the students of XII Std. Teachers handling XII and XI Std were present for
the party. Two or three events were arranged by the students of XI Std. Then the XII Std students
w

were given some snacks and a memento each as a token of remembrance by the students of XI. The
party was enjoyed by each and every student and it ended at 6.00 p.m with a farewell speech by an
XI Std student.



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POEM
Poetic devices - A Glance

m
1. Life 2. The Grumble Family
3. I am Every Woman 4. The Ant and the Cricket
5. The Secret of the Machines 6. No Men Are Foreign

co
7. The House on Elm Street

1. Simile : It is a comparison made between two objects of different kinds which have some resemblance/
similarities. It is introduced by a word of comparison, such as, ‘like’, ‘as’.

s.
(e.g.) “Remember they have eyes like ours that wake” (Poem 6)
“Beneath all uniforms, a single body breaths,
Like ours:…….” (Poem 6)

2. Metaphor

:
not literally applicable. (or)
ok
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is

It is a figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two

Padasalai
o
things that are unrelated, but which share some common characteristics.
(e.g.) “She’s a lioness; don’t mess with her”. (Poem 3)
ab

She is a lioness – metaphor. A woman is compared to a ferocious lioness.

“Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence” (Poem 6)
hells of fire – metaphor. Hells are compared to fire
ur

3. Alliteration : It is the repetition of the same consonant sound in successive or nearby words. Note that
in alliteration the sounds go together.
(e.g.) “And then, be our station high or humble,” (Poem 2)
In this line, “h” is repeated (“high, humble” are alliterated words.).
.s

“The summer of life she’s ready to see in spring.” (Poem 3)

In this line, “s” is repeated (summer - see- spring).
w

“We can print and plough and weave and heat and light” (Poem 5)
In this line, “p” is repeated (print - plough) and also “w” is repeated (we - weave).
w

4. Personification : Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing – an idea or an animal – is given human
attributes.
(e.g.) ‘We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive” (Poem 5)
w

5. Anaphora : An anaphora is a technique where several phrases (or verses in a poem) begin with the same
word or words.
(e.g.) “They growl at the rain and they growl at the sun; ” (Poem 2)

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6. Repetition : Poets often repeat single words or phrases, lines, and sometimes, even whole stanzas at
intervals to create a musical effect; to emphasize a point; to draw the readers’ attention or
to lend unity to a piece.
(e.g.) “Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange”
“Remember, no men are strange, no countries foreign”

m
The last line and the first line of Poem 6
The last line though reversed, is the same as the first line. This is to emphasize
the serious message, the poem has to convey.

co
The poet (James Kirkup) repeats the word ‘Remember’ five times in the poem.
This repetition emphasizes the core message of the oneness of mankind.
An epithet is an adjective or phrase expressing a quality or attribute regarded as characteristic
7. Epithet :
of the person or the thing mentioned.

s.
(e.g.) “They live, it is said, on Complaining Street” (Poem 2)
complaining street – epithet.
8. Transferred

ok
A transferred epithet is a figure of speech where an adjective or epithet describing a noun
Epithet :
is transferred from the noun it is meant to describe to another noun in the sentence.
(e.g.) “They, too, aware of sun and air and water,
Are fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long winter starv’d.” (Poem 6)

Padasalai
o
In this line, “sun, air and water” are fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long
winter starv’d. “starv’d” is an epithet which is placed beside the noun ‘winter’.
ab

However, it does not describe the ‘winter’ as being starved, but describes the
pronoun ‘they’. Historically many wars were fought during the winter, while the
harvest season was essentially peaceful. ‘They’ refers to the soldiers in uniform
who had to starve during winter while fighting for their land.
Winter starv’d – transferred epithet.
ur

9. Imagery : The descriptions create a picture in the reader’s mind.

(e.g.) We can see and hear and count and read and write! (Poem 5)
The example explains to us the many tasks that could be completed by the
.s

machine.

: A figure of speech using exaggeration.

10. Hyperbole
(e.g.) We are greater than the Peoples and the Kings.
w

‘We will serve you four and twenty hours a day?’ (Poem 5)
11. Assonance : Repetition of two or more vowel sounds
w

(e.g.) all we ask (Poem 5)

12. Connotation : Suggests beyond what it expresses.
(e.g.) Though our smoke may hide the Heavens from your eyes, (Poem 5)
w

A figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa.
13. Synecdoche :
(e.g.) “The Western wave was all a-flame.”
The “Western wave” is a synecdoche as it refers to the sea by the name of one
of its parts i.e. wave.
“Inside it has a ton of space” (Poem 7)

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A figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict itself.

14. Paradox :
(e.g.) To bring peace we must war.
Be cruel to be kind.
“It just sits there, never getting small or ever growing tall” (Poem 7)
getting small, growing tall :- contradict one another.

m
15. Onomatopoeia : A figure of speech wherein the word imitates the sound associated with the object it refers
to.

co
(e.g.) Pitter patter, pitter patter Raindrops on my pane.
“Lights flicker on and off ” (Poem 7)

16. Rhetorical
Questions : A figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked to make a point rather than to

s.
elicit an answer.
(e.g.) And what is so rare as a day in June?
“How could this be?” (Poem 7)

ok
“What happened inside that house?” (Poem 7)

17. Rhyming : It is making the last words in the lines produce the same sound.
(e.g.) So let the way wind up the hill or down,

Padasalai
o
O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy:
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,
ab

New friendship, high adventure, and a crown

The rhyming words are down - crown and joy - boy. (Poem 1)

18. Rhyme scheme : Rhyme scheme is a poet’s deliberate pattern of lines that rhyme with other lines in a poem or
ur

a stanza. The rhyme scheme, or pattern, can be identified by giving end words that rhyme.
(e.g.) Look at the four lines
So let the way wind up the hill or down, a
.s

O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy: b

Still seeking what I sought when but a boy, b
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown a
w

It has clear rhyming words with a,b,b,a.

So the rhyming scheme is a,b,b,a. (Poem 1)
w

19. Couplet : A couplet is a literary device that can be defined as having two successive rhyming lines in
a verse.
(e.g.) “With forward face and unreluctant soul;
w

Not hurrying to, not turning from the goal”. (Poem 1)

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MEMORITER POEMS
Life I am Every Woman
- Henry Van Dyke - Rakhi Nariani Shirke

m
Let me but live my life from year to year, A woman is beauty innate,
With forward face and unreluctant soul; A symbol of power and strength.
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal; She puts her life at stake,
Not mourning for the things that disappear She’s real, she’s not fake!

co
In the dim past, nor holding back in fear The summer of life she’s ready to see in spring.
From what the future veils; but with a whole She says, “Spring will come again, my dear.
And happy heart, that pays its toll Let me care for the ones who’re near.”
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer. She’s The Woman – she has no fear!

s.
So let the way wind up the hill or down, Strong is she in her faith and beliefs.
O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy: “Persistence is the key to everything,” says she.
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy, Despite the sighs and groans and moans,

ok
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown, She’s strong in her faith, firm in her belief!
My heart will keep the courage of the quest, She’s a lioness; don’t mess with her.
And hope the road’s last turn will be the best. She’ll not spare you if you’re a prankster.
Don’t ever try to saw her pride, her self-respect.

Padasalai
She knows how to thaw you, saw you – so beware!
o
She’s today’s woman. Today’s woman, dear. Love
her, respect her, keep her near...
ab

The Secret of the Machines No Men Are Foreign

- Rudyard Kipling - James Falconer Kirkup
We were taken from the ore-bed and the mine, Remember, no men are strange, no countries foreign
We were melted in the furnace and the pit Beneath all uniforms, a single body breathes
ur

We were cast and wrought and hammered to design, Like ours: the land our brothers walk upon
We were cut and filed and tooled and gauged to fit. Is earth like this, in which we all shall lie.
Some water, coal, and oil is all we ask, They, too, aware of sun and air and water,
And a thousandth of an inch to give us play: Are fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long winter
.s

And now, if you will set us to our task, starv’d.

We will serve you four and twenty hours a day! Their hands are ours, and in their lines we read
A labour not different from our own.
We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive,
w

We can print and plough and weave and heat and light, Remember they have eyes like ours that wake
We can run and race and swim and fly and dive, Or sleep, and strength that can be won
We can see and hear and count and read and write! By love. In every land is common life
That all can recognise and understand.
w

But remember, please, the Law by which we live, Let us remember, whenever we are told
We are not built to comprehend a lie,
To hate our brothers, it is ourselves
We can neither love nor pity nor forgive,
That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn.
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If you make a slip in handling us you die!

Remember, we who take arms against each other
Though our smoke may hide the Heavens from your eyes, It is the human earth that we defile.
It will vanish and the stars will shine again, Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
Because, for all our power and weight and size, Of air that is everywhere our own,
We are nothing more than children of your brain! Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries
strange.

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POEM
Unit
Life
1 - Henry Van Dyke

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H enry Van Dyke (1852 - 1933) was born in Pennsylvania, USA.

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A nature lover and avid reader, he earned degrees from Princeton,
then served as a Presbyterian minister for more than 20 years. (He was
considered one of the best preachers in New York City). He eventually
returned to Princeton, where he spent nearly 20 years as a professor of
English, with a bit of service as the U.S. Ambassador to Luxembourg and

s.
the Netherlands in between. A writer whose talent extended to many
different genres, Henry’s best-known works are probably the lyrics of
the hymn “Joyful, Joyful, We Adore Thee” and the two Christmas stories,

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“The Other Wise Man” and “The First Christmas Tree”.
Henry Van Dyke is a visionary American author. His poem “Life” describes
life taking on life in its truest form, an adventure. This poem is beautiful
and inspiring but also idealistic. One cannot help but be charmed by his

Padasalai
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childlike hope and absolute faith in the abilities of a warm heart and an
able mind.
ab

KEY POINTS
Life is an experience.
ur

To be lived with courage.

One should not worry about the uncertain future.
Happiness nourishes life with extra energy.
Imaginations to be fearless and pure.
.s

New friendships, new adventures, new explorations to enrich us.

To always hope for a joyous future with determination and faith.
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Summary
In this poem, life is described not as an entity, but as an experience. One should live with courage and
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dedication. Life should be lived without hurry and with a clear sense of purpose that drives the mind and soul.
The poet encourages us to let go of all that has been lost in the past as well as the uncertainty the future holds.
He tells us to embrace the present with the happiness which nourishes the young and the old. Happiness gives
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us nourishment on this journey with a smile on our face.

Whatever situation life throws at us, it is the journey that should be joyous, for it teaches us to grow
and live. Our imagination should have the innocence and fearlessness of childhood. We should seek out
new friendships, new adventures and new experiences which enrich us. He encourages us to have faith and
determination in our hearts, as we take on this beautiful journey. We should have eternal hope that our story
ends joyfully.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

EXPLANATION OF POETIC LINES
Line
Poem Lines Explanation
No.
The poet is giving advice to the readers from his own

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personal experiences. The poet wants to live his life
Let me but live my life from year to year,
1-2 happily as it comes with forward momentum and
POEM

With forward face and unreluctant soul;

optimism. He wants to live his life every year with a

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happy heart.
The poet does not like to hurry in any matters or
situations. He doesn’t want to turn away from his aims.
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
3-4 What he wanted to achieve, he will do it with confidence

s.
Not mourning for the things that disappear
and hope. He does not like to feel sad and keep on
worrying about the things that have passed away.

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He doesn’t want to think about his dull past and
hold back in fear about the uncertainty of his future.
In the dim past, nor holding back in fear
5-6 He wanted to look forward with a happy and cheerful
From what the future veils;
mind. He doesn’t want to worry too much about his

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future.
o
but with a whole
He thinks that he should live life to the fullest by
ab

And happy heart, that pays its toll

6-8 retaining the child-like innocence and pleasures of life.
To Youth and Age, and travels on with
He likes to travel his journey of life cheerfully.
cheer.
Though his way goes up in the path of a mountain or
So let the way wind up the hill or down, down the valley, he would enjoy his journey. No matter
ur

9-10
O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy: whatever happens if his path is difficult or easy, he will
make it a joyful journey.
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy, He is searching to find what he was searching for when
.s

11-12 New friendship, high adventure, and a he was a boy - his new adventures, his hopes, his new
crown, friendship and his new experiences which enrich him.
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Life is described not as an entity but as an experience.

My heart will keep the courage of the quest, One should live with courage, dedication and a clear
13-14 And hope the road’s last turn will be the sense of purpose that drives the mind and soul. The poet
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best. encourages us to have faith and determination in our

hearts, as we take on this beautiful journey.
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Sura’s ➠ Poem - Life

GLOSSARY
crown (n) - a prize or position offered for being the best
dim - dark

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goal - aim
mourning (v) - feeling or expressing great sadness

UNIT - 1
quest (n) - a long search for something that is difficult to find

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seeking - hunting
sought - desired
toll - payment
unreluctant* (adj.) - willing to do something (*This form is generally not used but the poet has

s.
coined it for emphasis)
veils (v) - to hide or cover something so that you cannot see it clearly or understand it
wind - curve

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* Words given in bold in this Glossary are taken from Textbook Glossary.

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

Padasalai
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A. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions that follows.
ab

1. Let me but live my life from year to year,

With forward face and unreluctant soul;
(a) Whom does the word ‘me’ refer to?
Ans ‘Me’ refers to the poet, Henry Van Dyke.
ur

(b) What kind of life does the poet want to lead?

Ans The poet wants to live a joyous life with plenty of positivity towards the future.
.s

2. Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;

Not mourning for the things that disappear
(a) Why do you think the poet is not in a hurry?
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Ans The poet wants to move towards his goal without hurrying or turning away from it.

(b) What should one not mourn for?

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Ans One must not mourn for the things lost in the past.

3. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear

From what the future veils; but with a whole
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And happy heart, that pays its toll

To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
(a) What does the poet mean by the phrase ‘in the dim past’?
Ans ‘In the dim past’ means the sad days of the past.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

(b) Is the poet afraid of future?
Ans No, the poet is not afraid of future.
(c) How can one travel on with cheer?
Ans One can travel on with cheer by retaining the pleasures of childhood.

4. So let the way wind up the hill or down,

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O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy:
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,
POEM

New friendship, high adventure, and a crown

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(a) How is the way of life?
Ans The way of life could go up the hill or down, rough or smooth.
(b) How should be the journey of life?
Ans The journey of life must be joyful.

s.
(c) What did the poet seek as a boy?
Ans The poet seeks new friends and high adventure.

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5. My heart will keep the courage of the quest,
And hope the road’s last turn will be the best.
(a) What kind of quest does the poet seek here?
Ans The quest is to seek a purposeful life with courage and determination.

Padasalai
o
(b) What is the poet’s hope?
Ans The poet hopes for a beautiful life with a clear sense of purpose.
ab

6. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear

From what the future veils; but with a whole
And happy heart, that pays its toll
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
(a) Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.
ur

Ans fear - cheer ; whole - toll.

7. Let me but live my life from year to year,

With forward face and unreluctant soul;
.s

Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;

Not mourning for the things that disappear
(a) Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
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Ans The rhyming scheme : a b b a.

POETIC COMPREHENSION - ADDITIONAL

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1. Let me but live my life from year to year,

With forward face and unreluctant soul;
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
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Not mourning for the things that disappear

(a) How does the poet want to live his life?
Ans He wants to live his life happily with forwarding momentum and positivity.
(b) What does he say about past events?
Ans He tells us not to worry about the past things that disappeared.

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Sura’s ➠ Poem - Life

POETIC DEVICES - ADDITIONAL

1. With forward face and unreluctant soul;
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
(a) What literary device is used here?

m
Ans Couplet is used in this poem. A couplet is two lines of verse that are joined by a rhyme.

UNIT - 1
(b) Pick out the alliterated words in these lines.
Ans The alliterated words : forward - face; (1st line)

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Not - nor; (2nd line)
2. “So let the way wind up the hill or down”
(a) What is the figure of speech used here?
Ans Personification. The way is personified as a human. It takes us up the hill or down.

s.
3. “My heart will keep the courage of the quest,
And hope the road’s last turn will be the best”.

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(a) What is the literary device used here?
Ans Couplet is the literary device used here.

B. Answer the following question in about 80 - 100 words.

Padasalai
1. Describe the journey of life as depicted in the poem by Henry Van Dyke.
o
Ans In this poem, life is described not as an entity, but as an experience. One should live with
courage and dedication. Life should be lived without hurry and with a clear sense of purpose
ab

that drives the mind and soul. The poet encourages us to let go of all that has been lost in
the past as well as the uncertainty the future holds. He tells us to embrace the present with
the happiness which nourishes the young and the old. Happiness gives us nourishment on
this journey with a smile on our face. Whatever situation life throws at us, it is the journey
ur

that should be joyous, for it teaches us to grow and live. Our imagination should have the
innocence and fearlessness of childhood. We should seek out new friendships, new adventures
and new experiences which enrich us. He encourages us to have faith and determination in
our hearts, as we take on this beautiful journey. We should have eternal hope that our story
.s

ends joyfully.

PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS & ANSWERS - ADDITIONAL

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1. What is the message of the poem “Life”?

Ans Henry Van Dyke was a visionary American author. His poem “Life” describes life taking on
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life in its truest form, an adventure. The poet wants to live his life looking ahead, willing to
do something. He neither wants to hurry nor move away from his goal. He does not want to
mourn the things he has lost, not hold back for fear of the future. He instead prefers to live his
life with a whole and happy heart which cheerfully travels from youth to old age. Therefore,
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it does not matter to him whether the path goes up or down the hill, rough or smooth, the
journey will be joyful. He will continue to seek what he wanted as a boy - new friendship,
high adventure and a crown (prize). His heart will remain courageous and pursue his desires.
He hopes that every turn in his life’s journey will be the best.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

2. What does the poet narrate to us in this poem?
Ans In this poem, the poet narrates to us about how he would want to look forward with a happy
and cheerful mind without worrying too much about the future. He thinks that he should live
life to the fullest by retaining the child-like innocence and pleasures of life. Finally, he hopes
that his life will be meaningful and that better things will happen to him in the future which

m
lies ahead of him.
3. What are the main concepts and ideas in the poem ‘Life’?
POEM

Ans The poet wants to live his life looking ahead, willing to do something. He neither wants to

co
hurry nor move away from his goal. He does not want to mourn the things he has lost, not
hold back for fear of the future. He instead prefers to live his life with a whole and happy heart
which cheerfully travels from youth to old age. Therefore, it does not matter to him whether
the path goes up or down the hill, rough or smooth, the journey will be joyful. He will continue
to seek what he wanted as a boy - new friendship, (vii) high adventure and a crown (prize).

s.
His heart will remain courageous and pursue his desires. He hopes that every turn in his life’s
journey will be the best.

C. Based on your understanding of the poem, complete the following passage by the using

ok
the phrases given in the box.
youth to old age up or down the hill to hurry nor move away
high adventure joyful mourn looking ahead

Padasalai
o
The poet wants to live his life (i) __________, willing to do something. He neither wants
(ii)__________ from his goal. He does not want to (iii) __________ the things he has lost, not hold back
ab

for fear of the future. He instead prefers to live his life with a whole and happy heart which cheerfully
travels from (iv) __________. Therefore, it does not matter to him whether the path goes (v) __________,
rough or smooth, the journey will be (vi) __________. He will continue to seek what he wanted as a boy
- new friendship, (vii) __________ and a crown (prize). His heart will remain courageous and pursue his
desires. He hopes that every turn in his life’s journey will be the best.
ur

Ans
(i) looking ahead (ii) to hurry nor move away (iii) mourn
(iv) youth to old age (v) up or down the hill (vi) joyful
.s

(vii) high adventure


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w
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SUPPLEMENTARY
Unit
The Tempest
1 - An Extract from Charles Lamb’s Tales From Shakespeare

m
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W illiam Shakespeare (1564 –1616) is an English poet, playwright
and actor. He is regarded as the greatest writer in the English
language and the world’s greatest dramatist of all time. He is often
called ‘England’s National Poet’ and ‘Bard of Avon’. His works consist of

s.
approximately 37 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems.

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Main Characters

Padasalai
o
Prospero An old man Ariel Chief of gentle spirits
Rightful Duke of Milan
ab

Caliban Ugly monster

Miranda’s father Son of Sycorax
Antonio’s brother
King of Naples Powerful prince
Miranda Beautiful young lady Prospero’s enemy
Prospero’s daughter
ur

Father of Ferdinand
Sycorax A witch Ferdinand Prince of Naples
Caliban’s mother Gonzalo Kind lord of Prospero’s court
.s

KEY POINTS
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Prospero and his daughter Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
A witch, Sycorax, imprisoned many good spirits in the bodies of large trees.
Prospero released these gentle spirits using his magical powers.
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Ariel was the chief of these gentle spirits.

Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
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Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.
Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen on the island, after her father.
Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
The King of Naples and Antonio, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.
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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

Summary
The play opens with a storm raised by Prospero. Earlier he was the rightful Duke of Milan. He had been
set adrift in a boat with his three-year-old daughter, Miranda, by his usurping brother, Antonio. Prospero

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was more interested in his books and his magic than in the pragmatics of ruling Milan. This caused him to be
overthrown by his brother. Arriving at an island, Prospero proceeded to make good use of his magic by freeing
SUPPLEMENTARY

the spirit Ariel from the torment of imprisonment by a witch called Sycorax. Prospero found no living person
on the island other than Sycorax’s son, an ugly monster, Caliban. Prospero employed Caliban, as a slave, to

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fetch wood and do the most laborious works. As the play begins, Prospero creates a tempest in order to dash a
fine large ship, in which the King of Naples, his son Ferdinand, and Prospero’s brother, Antonio were travelling.
He creates this tempest with the help of Ariel. He asks Ariel to bring Ferdinand to his cave. Before the arrival
of Ferdinand, he tells his daughter of the misdeeds of his brother Antonio and the King of Naples. He tells the
reason for creating the violent storm. He has no intentions of hurting them. But he wants them to realize their

s.
mistake and repent. When Ferdinand comes to his cave, he gets attracted to Miranda. They fall in love with
each other. Prospero tests Ferdinand’s constancy by making him to perform severe tasks. Finally, Ariel makes
Prospero’s enemies to realize their mistake. They repent for it. Prospero forgives them and restores his dukedom

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Milan.

GLOSSARY

Padasalai
o
afflict - trouble
altered - changed
apparel - dress; clothes on
ab

charge - duty
compelling - forcing
constancy - loyalty
deprive (v) - to take something important or necessary away from someone
ur

dreadful (adj.) - extremely bad or unpleasant

duke (n) - a man of very high social rank in some European countries; a king
enchanted - charmed
.s

famished (adj.) - extremely hungry

fatigue (n) - extreme tiredness
lamenting - shedding tears
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mast - a tall upright post on a ship or boat

perish - die
repent (v) - to be very sorry for something bad you have done.
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resistance (n) - The act of fighting against something

resolved - determined to do something
stupefied - stunned
w

tackle - try to solve

tormenting (v) - making someone suffer or worry a lot
vexation (n) - worry or anger
voracious (adj.) - very eager for something
withered - dried
* Words given in bold in this Glossary are taken from Textbook Glossary.

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Sura’s ➠ Supplementary - The Tempest

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
A. Choose the correct answer.
1. _________ was the chief of all spirits.

m
(a) Sycorax (b) Caliban (c) Ariel (d) Prospero [Ans: (c) Ariel ]
2. _________ raised a dreadful storm.
(a) Ariel (b) Prospero (c) Miranda (d) Sycorax [Ans: (b) Prospero ]

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UNIT - 1
3. Miranda was brought to the island _________ years ago.
(a) fourteen (b) ten (c) twelve (d) five [Ans: (c) twelve ]
4. Prospero ordered Ariel to bring _________ to his place.
(a) Gonzalo (b) Ferdinand (c) King of Naples (d) Antonio [Ans: (b) Ferdinand ]

s.
5. _________ had provided Prospero formerly with books and provisions.
(a) Antonio (b) Ferdinand (c) Gonzalo (d) Antonio [Ans: (c) Gonzalo ]
6. The second human being that Miranda saw on the island was _________.

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(a) Ariel (b) Prospero (c) Ferdinand (d) Gonzalo [Ans: (c) Ferdinand ]

MCQ - ADDITIONAL

Padasalai
o
i) They lived in a cave made out of _________.
(a) bricks (b) wood (c) cement (d) rock [Ans: (d) a rock ]
ab

ii) There he kept his books, which chiefly treated of _________.

(a) strength (b) power (c) magic (d) wisdom [Ans: (c) magic ]
iii) Caliban was employed like a slave to _________ and do the most laborious offices.
(a) guard the cave (b) fetch wood (c) fetch water (d) run errands[Ans: (b) fetch wood ]
ur

iv) With the help of these spirits, Prospero could _________.

(a) support the people (b) bring in commotion
(c) work on his study (d) command the winds [Ans: (d) command the winds ]
.s

v) By his orders, they raised _________.

(a) violent storm (b) a great commotion
(c) fearful fight (d) a building [Ans: (a) violent storm ]
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vi) Our food lasted till we landed on this _________.

(a) rural area (b) desert island (c) Peninsula (d) forest [Ans: (b) desert island ]
vii) She timidly answered, she was no _________.
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(a) fairy (b) princess (c) angel (d) goddess [Ans: (d) goddess ]
viii) This young man you see was in the _________.
(a) forest (b) ship (c) island (d) cave [Ans: (b) ship ]
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ix) Prospero had commanded _________ to pile up some heavy logs of wood.
(a) Gonzalo (b) Ariel (c) Ferdinand (d) Caliban [Ans: (c) Ferdinand ]
x) Ariel soon returned with the king, Antonio and _________.
(a) Old Gonzalo (b) Caliban (c) Young Ferdinand (d) wicked Sycorax
 [Ans: (a) Old Gonzalo ]

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

B. Identify the character or speaker
1. She imprisoned the spirits in the bodies of large trees. [Ans: Sycorax, the witch ]
2. He was the chief of all spirits. [Ans: Ariel ]
3. It seems to me like the recollection of a dream. [Ans: Miranda ]

m
4. I was Duke of Milan, and you were a princess. [Ans: Prospero ]
SUPPLEMENTARY

5. What a trouble must I have been to you then! [Ans: Miranda ]

6. Now pray tell me, sir, your reason for raising this sea-storm? [Ans: Miranda ]

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7. I will soon move you. [Ans: Ariel ]
8. I will tie your neck and feet together. [Ans: Prospero ]
9. I must finish my task before I take my rest. [Ans: Ferdinand ]
10. He repented and implored his brother’s forgiveness. [Ans: Antonio ]

s.
CHARACTER OR SPEAKER - ADDITIONAL

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1. ‘That was my delicate Ariel’ [Ans: Prospero ]
2. ‘I left them searching for Ferdinand’ [Ans: Ariel ]
3. ‘Heaven thank you my dear father’. [Ans: Miranda ]
4. ‘Wherefore, did they not that hour destroy us’ [Ans: Miranda]

Padasalai
o
5. ‘Be not so amazed daughter, Miranda’ [Ans: Prospero ]
6. Poor souls ‘they will all perish’. [Ans: Miranda ]
ab

7. I will resist this.’ [Ans: Ferdinand ]

8. Why are you so ungentle [Ans: Miranda ]
9. ‘Come on young man’ [Ans: Prospero ]
10. ‘O my dear lady I dare not’ [Ans: Ferdinand ]
ur

C. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

1. Who were the inhabitants of the island?
.s

Ans The inhabitants of the island were an old man named Prospero and his daughter Miranda.

2. What powers did Prospero possess?

Ans Prospero possessed magical powers.
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3. Who was Caliban? What was he employed for?

Ans Caliban was the son of a witch named Sycorax. He was employed like a slave to fetch wood and
do the most laborious work.
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4. Who were on the ship? How were they related to Prospero?

Ans Prospero’s brother Antonio, the King of Naples, the king’s son Ferdinand and an old lord
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Gonzalo were on the ship. Antonio, with the help of the King of Naples, deprived Prospero of
his dukedom.
5. Why had Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea?
Ans Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea to make his enemies repent for the injustice done to
him and his daughter.

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Sura’s ➠ Supplementary - The Tempest

6. How did Miranda feel when her father raised the storm to destroy the ship?
Ans Miranda felt extremely sad for the distress of the members in the ship. She wanted Prospero to
have pity on the poor souls.
7. What was Ariel ordered to do with the people on the ship?
Ans Prospero ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship by raising a violent storm. He also

m
instructed Ariel to bring Ferdinand, the Prince of Naples to his cave.
8. Give two reasons why Miranda was so concerned about Ferdinand.

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Ans Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father. She was attracted

UNIT - 1
by him and had more concern towards him.
9. Why did Prospero set Ferdinand a severe task to perform?
Ans Prospero set Ferdinand a severe task to perform to try his constancy. He resolved to throw

s.
some difficulties in his way.
10. How was Gonzalo helpful to Prospero when he left Milan?
Ans Gonzalo had privately placed water, provisions, clothes and some books, which Prospero loved

ok
the most in the boat.

D. Answer the questions in a paragraph of about 100 - 150 words.

1. Write a detailed character sketch of Prospero.

Padasalai
o
Ans Prospero was skilled magically and used his powers to create storms, provide entertainment,
manipulate others, exercise power and control over the lives of others. He enjoyed knowledge
and learning of spells. He became so entranced by his magic that he did not notice his brother
ab

trying to take his title and kill him. Prospero controlled all those who were around him.
In the beginning of the play, he got the help of Ariel, the chief of gentle spirits, to create a
violent and windy storm to punish his enemies who harmed him and his daughter. Ariel
worked for Prospero in exchange for his freedom from a witch, Sycorax. But Caliban was the
ur

son of Prospero’s old enemy Sycorax. So, Prospero employed Caliban like a slave, to fetch wood
and do the most laborious work.
2. Narrate how Prospero made his enemies repent to restore his dukedom.
Ans Prospero, the Duke of Milan, was more interested in reading books and in the art of magic.
.s

He trusted his brother Antonio and asked him to look after his affairs in his kingdom.
But Antonio overthrew Prospero out of the kingdom, with the help of the king of Naples.
Prospero reached an island with his daughter and stayed there for twelve years. He released
w

many good spirits from the clutches of the witch Sycorax. With the help of Ariel, he created a
violent storm in the sea. He made his enemies travelling in the ship, to suffer for their mistakes
done to him. He asked Ariel to bring Ferdinand to the cave. There, Miranda and Ferdinand
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were attracted to each other. But Prospero tested Ferdinand to try his constancy. At last, he
forgave all of them, as they realized their mistakes and repented. Everyone left the island and
Prospero restored his dukedom.
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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS & ANSWERS - ADDITIONAL
1. What role does the storm play in the development of the plot (Tempest)?
Ans In Shakespeare’s classic play the tempest, the storm is the plot’s inciting incident, which causes
the King of Naples and the royal party to be shipwrecked on Prospero’s island. There he can

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seek revenge and regain his position as Duke of Milan. With Ariel’s assistance, Prospero takes
SUPPLEMENTARY

revenge on his enemies. Once the royal party arrives on the island, Prospero uses his magic
to manipulate and confuse his captives, before attaining his revenge and being restored to his

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rightful position of authority. Overall, the storm serves as the catalyst for placing the royal
party on the island, which leads to Prospero’s restoration. The storm also brings Ferdinand and
Miranda together. After being separated from the king’s party, Ferdinand discovers Miranda
and the two fall in love.

s.
2. Why is Prospero overthrown?
Ans Prospero was so engrossed in his studies, in his books on magic, that he neglected his duties as
Duke of Milan. He was more than happy to leave the day to day administration of the Dukedom

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to his brother, Antonio. This turned out to be a foolish mistake. If someone in a position of
authority gives the impression that they are no longer interested in performing their duty, then
one can be certain that someone will gladly step into the breach and do it for them. And that is
precisely what happens in relation to Prospero. As Antonio was effectively left in charge of the

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government, he wondered why he couldn’t take over as Duke in form as well as substance. So
he made his move and Prospero was removed from office and subsequently banished along
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with Miranda to a remote island.

E. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

1. He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
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2. Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
3. Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
4. Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.
.s

5. He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
6. Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
7. Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
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8. The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
9. Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.
10. Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father.
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Ans 3, 7, 5, 1, 9, 10, 2, 6, 8, 4
3. Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
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7. Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
5. He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
1. He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
9. Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.

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Sura’s ➠ Supplementary - The Tempest

10. Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father.
2. Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
6. Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
8. The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to
Prospero.

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4. Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.

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ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

UNIT - 1
I. Fill in the blanks:
1. There was an (i) _________ in the sea, the only (ii) _________ of which were an old man named
Prospero and his daughter Miranda, a very (iii) _________ young lady. She came to this island so

s.
young, that she had no (iv) _________ of having seen any other human face than her (v) _________.
(a) beautiful (b) memory (c) island

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(d) father’s (e) inhabitants
Ans (i) (c) island (ii) (e) inhabitants (iii) (a) beautiful
(iv) (b) memory (v) (d) father’s

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2. By (i) _________ of his art, he had released many good spirits from a witch called (ii) _________
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who had them imprisoned in the bodies of large trees. These gentle (iii) _________ were ever after
(iv) _________ to the will of Prospero of these (v) _________ was the chief.
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(a) obedient (b) spirits (c) virtue

(d) Ariel (e) Sycorax
Ans (i) (c) virtue (ii) (e) Sycorax (iii) (b) spirits
(iv) (a) obedient (v) (d) Ariel
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3. Having so said, Prospero gently (i) _________ his daughter with his magic (ii) _________ and she
fell fast asleep; for the spirit Ariel just then (iii) _________ himself before his (iv) _________, to give
an account of the Tempest and how he had (v) _________ of the ship’s company.
.s

(a) presented (b) master (c) wand

(d) disposed (e) touched
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Ans (i) (e) touched (ii) (c) wand (iii) (a) presented
(iv) (b) master (v) (d) disposed
4. Ariel gave a (i) _________ description of the storm and of the terrors of the (ii) _________
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and how the king’s son Ferdinand, was the first who (iii) _________ into the sea; and his father
(iv) _________, he saw his dear son (v) _________ up by the waves and lost.
(a) thought (b) swallowed (c) lively
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(d) mariners (e) leaped

Ans (i) (c) lively (ii) (d) mariners (iii) (e) leaped
(iv) (a) thought (v) (b) swallowed

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

II. Match the following
(a) 1. Ariel - (a) A witch
2. Antonio - (b) Rightful Duke of Milan
3. Miranda - (c) Brother of Prospero

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4. Sycorax - (d) chief of gentle spirits
SUPPLEMENTARY

5. Prospero - (e) Prospero’s daughter

 [Ans: 1 - (d); 2 - (c); 3 - (e); 4 - (a); 5 - (b) ]

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(b) 1. Ferdinand - (a) Ugly monster
2. Caliban - (b) Prospero’s enemy
3. King of Naples - (c) Beautiful young lady
4. Gonzalo - (d) Son of Naples King

s.
5. Miranda - (e) Kind lord of court
 [Ans: 1 - (d); 2 - (a); 3 - (b); 4 - (e); 5 - (c) ]

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(c) 1. Prospero - (a) Caliban’s mother
2. Antonio - (b) Princess of Milan
3. Miranda - (c) employed like a slave

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4. Sycorax - (d) Duke of Milan
5. Caliban - (e) Prospero’s brother
ab

 [Ans: 1 - (d); 2 - (e); 3 - (b); 4 - (a); 5 - (c) ]

III. Read the passage:

1. They lived in a cave made out of a rock; it was divided into several apartments, one of which Prospero
called his study; there he kept his books, which chiefly treated of magic. By virtue of his art, he had
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released many good spirits from a witch called Sycorax who had them imprisoned in the bodies of
large trees. These gentle spirits were ever after obedient to the will of Prospero. Of these Ariel was the
chief.
.s

(a) Where did they live?

Ans They lived in a cave made out of a rock.

(b) How was it divided?

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Ans It was divided into several apartments.

(c) What did Prospero keep in one of his apartments?

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Ans He kept his books which chiefly treated of magic.

(d) How did he release many good spirits?

Ans He released many good spirits by virtue of his art.
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(e) Who was the chief of all the spirits?

Ans Ariel was the chief of all the spirits.

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Sura’s ➠ Supplementary - The Tempest

2. Ariel gave a lively description of the storm, and of the terrors of the mariners; and how the king’s son,
Ferdinand, was the first who leaped into the sea; and his father thought he saw his dear son swallowed
up by the waves and lost. “But he is safe,” said Ariel, “in a corner of the isle, sadly lamenting the loss
of the king, his father.
“That’s my delicate Ariel,” said Prospero. “Bring him here: my daughter must see this young prince.

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Where is the king, and my brother?”
“I left them,” answered Ariel, “searching for Ferdinand, whom they have little hopes of finding,
thinking they saw him perish. Of the ship’s crew not one is missing; though each one thinks himself
the only one saved: and the ship, though invisible to them, is safe in the harbour.

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UNIT - 1
(a) Who gave the lively description of the storm?
Ans Ariel gave the lively description of the storm.

(b) What did Ferdinand do?

s.
Ans Ferdinand was the first to leap into the sea.

(c) What did the king of Naples think?

Ans He thought that his dear son was swallowed up by the waves and lost.

(d) Was the King of Naples safe?

Ans Yes the King of Naples was safe.

(e) What happened to the ship?

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Ans The ship was safe in the harbour.

3. She timidly answered, she was no goddess, but a simple maid, and was going to give him an account
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of herself, when Prospero interrupted her. He was well pleased to find they admired each other, but
to try Ferdinand’s constancy, he resolved to throw some difficulties in their way: therefore advancing
forward, he addressed the prince with a stern air, telling him, he came to the island as a spy, to take
it from him who was the lord of it. “Follow me,” said he, “I will tie your neck and feet together. You
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shall drink sea-water; shell-fish, withered roots, and husks of acorns shall be your food.” “No,” said
Ferdinand, “I will resist this” and drew his sword; but Prospero, waving his magic wand, fixed him to
the spot where he stood, so that he had no power to move.
(a) Who answered timidly?
.s

Ans Miranda answered timidly that she was no goddess.

(b) Why was Prospero well pleased?

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Ans He was well pleased to find they admired each other.

(c) Why was Prospero harsh towards Ferdinand?

Ans Prospero was harsh towards Ferdinand because he wanted to try Ferdinand’s constancy.
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(d) What did he resolve to do?

Ans He resolved to throw some difficulties in their way.
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(e) What did Prospero do to Ferdinand by his magic wand?

Ans By waving his magic wand, Prospero fixed Ferdinand to the spot where he stood, so that
he had no power to move.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - English Unit 1

VI. Mind Map:
1. There was an island
in the sea

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The only (i) ________ She had no memory of
SUPPLEMENTARY

were an old man named having seen any other

Prospero and his daughter (ii) _________ than her

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Miranda father’s

They lived in a cave

One of the apartment was

s.
made out of a rock; it was
Prospero’s
divided into (iii) ______ (iv) _________
apartments.

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He kept his books of
(v) _________

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Ans (i) inhabitants (ii) human face (iii) several
(iv) study room (v) magic
ab

2.
The King of Naples was
almost as much
Who is this
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(i) _________ at the beau-

ty and excellent graces of (ii) _________? said he
Miranda
.s

She is the daughter to His renown I have heard

this Prospero who is the so much, but
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famous (iii) _________ (iv) _________ till now.

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I have received a new life.

He has made himself to me
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a (v) _________

Ans (i) astonished (ii) maid (iii) Duke of Milan

(iv) never saw him (v) second father


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Vocabulary & Grammar Section

Vocabulary

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1. Synonyms

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A word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase is called
synonym.
Synonym UNIT - 1 His First Flight

s.
Choose the most appropriate synonyms of the underlined words.
1. The young seagull was (i) alone on his (ii) ledge. He had been (iii) afraid to fly with them. Somehow,
when he had taken a little run forward to the brink of the ledge and attempted to flap his wings, he

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became afraid. The great (iv) expanse of sea stretched down (v) beneath, and it was such a long way
down – miles down.
i) (a) accompanied (b) unaccompanied (c) prevalent (d) together
 [Ans: (b) unaccompanied]

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ii) (a) trench (b) cavity (c) narrow shelf [Ans: (c) narrow shelf]
(d) dent 
iii) (a) bold (b) valiant (c) confident (d) frightened  [Ans: (d) frightened]
ab

iv) (a) limitation (b) area (c) height (d) extreme  [Ans: (b) area]
v) (a) lofty (b) above (c) below (d) higher  [Ans: (c) below]

Synonym UNIT - 2 The Night the Ghost Got in

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1. The (i) slamming of the doors had (ii) aroused mother: she (iii) peered out of her room. ‘What on
earth are you boys doing?’ she (iv) demanded. Herman ventured out of his room. ‘Nothing,’ he said,
(v) gruffly, but he was, in colour, a light green. ‘What was all that running around downstairs?’ said
.s

mother.
i) (a) opening (b) tapping (c) shutting noisily (d) flattering[Ans: (c) shutting
noisily]
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ii) (a) awakened (b) put out (c) dissuaded (d) stopped[Ans: (a) awakened]
iii) (a) disappeared (b) appeared (c) pursued (d) pulled[Ans: (b) appeared]
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iv) (a) directed (b) deputed (c) asked (d) replied[Ans: (c) asked]
v) (a) happily (b) kindly (c) softly (d) harshly[Ans: (d) harshly]
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Synonym UNIT - 3 Empowered Women Navigating The World

1. Women (i) occupy almost all the major positions in society. (ii) Currently, women’s (iii) accomplishments
are (iv) tremendous in many fields. One such achievement is the All-women Indian Navy crew who
(v) circumnavigated the world for 254 days all alone, in a sailboat called INSV Tarini.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English

VOCABULARY

i) (a) hold (b) provide (c) change (d) commute [Ans: (a) hold ]
ii) (a) once (b) historically (c) at present (d) beforehand [Ans: (c) at present ]
iii) (a) failures (b) attempts (c) defeats (d) achievements 
 [Ans: (d) achievements ]
iv) (a) enormous (b) awful (c) feeble (d) marginal [Ans: (a) enormous ]

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v) (a) elude around (b) travel around (c) chase around (d) immobilise[Ans: (b) travel around ]

UNIT - 4

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Synonym The Attic
VOCABULARY

1. We were driving along (i) National (ii) Highway 40. We had reached a point where the road
(iii) bifurcated. If we drove ten kilometres along the road that (iv) branched off to the right, we would
reach Bramhapur. I asked Aditya whether he was interested in (v) revisiting the place of his birth.

s.
(i) (a) rural (b) state (c) local (d) international [Ans: (b) state ]
(ii) (a) bypass (b) back road (c) alleyway (d) main road [Ans: (d) main road ]
(iii) (a) divided into two (b) linked

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(c) connected (d) joined  [Ans: (a) divided into two ]
(iv) (a) converged (b) out spread (c) united (d) decorated [Ans: (b) out spread ]
(v) (a) going over (b) leaving (c) abandoning (d) avoiding [Ans: (a) going over ]

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Synonym UNIT - 5 Tech Bloomers
ab

1. Anything which is below a (i) pre-defined limit or below certain (ii) threshold, can be self-ordered by the
(iii) appliance. Your refrigerator can directly link to the ecommerce site and order for milk if it is about
to be (iv) exhausted. Consumable products such as ink (v) cartridges may be capable of self-ordering
replacements.
ur

(i) (a) told already (b) defined in advance

(c) stated clearly (d) judged in advance  [Ans: (b) defined in advance]
(ii) (a) verandah (b) portico (c) approach (d) degree [Ans: (c) approach]
.s

(iii) (a) vehicle (b) package (c) computer (d) machine [Ans: (d) machine]
(iv) (a) very tired (b) very active (c) very vigorous (d) very strong [Ans: (a) very tired]
(v) (a) packets (b) containers (c) bottles (d) glasses [Ans: (b) containers]
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Synonym UNIT - 6 The Last Lesson

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1. Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go, the (i) blacksmith Wachter, who was there,with his (ii) apprentice
reading the (iii) bulletin. Usually, when school began, there was a great (iv) bustle the opening and
closing of desks, lessons repeated in (v) unison.
w

(i) (a) person who deals with iron (b) deals with gold
(c) deals with silver (d) deals with steel [Ans: (a) person who deals with iron ]
(ii) (a) employer (b) trainer (c) trainee (d) coach [Ans: (c) trainee ]
(iii) (a) train (b) board
(c) official statement (d) message [Ans: (c) official statement ]

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English

(iv) (a) slow (b) busy movement (c) lazy (d) free [Ans: (b) busy movement ]
(v) (a) together (b) combined (c) individual (d) separate  [Ans: (a) together ]

Synonym UNIT - 7 The Dying Detective

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1. In the dim light of a (i) foggy November day, the sick-room was a (ii) gloomy spot, but it was the
(iii) gaunt face staring form the bed that brought (iv) chill to my heart. His eyes had the brightness of
fever, his cheeks were (v) flushed.
(i) (a) bright (b) light (c) clear (d) musty  [Ans: (d) musty ]

VOCABULARY
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(ii) (a) happy (b) peace (c) noisy (d) sad  [Ans: (d) sad ]
(iii) (a) exhausted and thin (b) fresh
(c) flourishing (d) best  [Ans: (a) exhausted and thin ]
(iv) (a) cold (b) fear (c) boldness (d) happiness [Ans: (b) fear ]

s.
(v) (a) pale (b) clear (c) reddened (d bright  [Ans: (c) reddened ]



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2. Antonyms
Antonym is a word opposite in meaning to another word.

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Antonym UNIT - 1 His First Flight
ab

Chose the most appropriate antonym of the underlined words.

1. She screamed back (i) mockingly. But he kept calling (ii) plaintively, and after a minute or so, he
(iii) uttered a (iv) joyful scream. His mother had picked up a piece of fish and was flying across to him
with it. He leaned out (v) eagerly, tapping the rock with his feet.
ur

i) (a) respectfully (b) jeeringly (c) sarcastically (d) ridiculously [Ans: (a) respectfully]
ii) (a) cheerfully (b) mournfully (c) dismally (d) wistfully [Ans: (a) cheerfully]
iii) (a) released (b) suppressed (c) expressed (d) divulged  [Ans: (b) suppressed]
.s

iv) (a) genial (b) happy (c) mirthful (d) sorrowful [Ans: (d) sorrowful]
v) (a) anxiously (b) fervently (c) unwillingly (d) earnestly  [Ans: (c) unwillingly]
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Antonym UNIT - 2 The Night the Ghost Got in

1. Five or six cops sprang for the attic door before I could (i) intervene or explain. I realized that it would
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be (ii) bad if they burst in on grandfather unannounced, or even announced. He was going through a
(iii) phase in which he believed that General Meade’s men were beginning to (iv) retreat and even
(v) desert.
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i) (a) step in (b) interfere (c) disregard (d) mediate [Ans: (c) disregard]
ii) (a) dangerous (b) nice (c) detrimental (d) grim [Ans: (b) nice]
iii) (a) level (b) period (c) stage (d) whole [Ans: (d) whole]
iv) (a) withdraw (b) advance (c) escape (d) decamp [Ans: (b) advance]
v) (a) relinguish (b) support (c) leave (d) abandon [Ans: (b) support]

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English

VOCABULARY

Antonym UNIT - 3 Empowered Women Navigating The World

1. Navika Sagar Parikrama was a project undertaken in (i) consonance with the National policy to
(ii) empower women to (iii) attain their full potential. “The Project is considered essential towards
promoting ocean sailing activities in the Navy while (iv) depicting Government of India’s (v) thrust for

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Nari Shakti,” said Admiral Sunil Lanba in his welcome speech.
i) (a) agreement (b) disagreement (c) harmony (d) consistency[Ans: (b) disagreement ]
ii) (a) allow (b) entrust (c) deny (d) authorise [Ans: (c) deny ]

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VOCABULARY

iii) (a) achieve (b) lose (c) accomplish (d) gain  [Ans: (b) lose ]
iv) (a) distorting (b) portraying (c) copying (d) picturing  [Ans: (a) distorting ]
v) (a) boost (b) apathy (c) push (d) nudge  [Ans: (b) apathy ]

s.
Antonym UNIT - 4 The Attic

1. When I left our (i) ancestral house, twenty-nine years ago, the house was almost two hundred years

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(ii) recollected Aditya. ‘I doubt if even the school building, which may have (iii) undergone many
(iv) changes, will be (v) recognisable any more.
(i) (a) traditional (b) familial (c) non-inheritance (d) hereditary
 [Ans: (c) non-inheritance ]

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(ii) (a) recalled (b) retained (c) reminded (d) unremembered
 [Ans: (d) unremembered ]
ab

(iii) (a) encountered (b) supported (c) avoided (d) endured [Ans: (c) avoided ]
(iv) (a) corrections (b) advances (c) adjustments (d) similarities [Ans: (d) similarities ]
(v) (a) noticeable (b) unrecognizable (c) placeable (d) indentable 
 [Ans: (b) unrecognizable ]
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Antonym UNIT - 5 Tech Bloomers

1. Technology has not only made a (i) normal person’s life (ii) easier but it is also a (iii) boon to citizens with
.s

(iv) special needs. India is home to 2.7 crore people living with one or the other kind of (v) disability.
(i) (a) strange (b) odd (c) extraordinary (d) ordinary [Ans: (c) extraordinary]
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(ii) (a) stronger (b) simplier (c) harder (d) faster [Ans: (c) harder]
(iii) (a) curse (b) bare (c) gift (d) moments [Ans: (c) gift]
(iv) (a) unique (b) common (c) strange (d) ordinary [Ans: (d) ordinary]
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(v) (a) inability (b) infirmity (c) ability (d) incapacity [Ans: (c) ability]

UNIT - 6
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Antonym The Last Lesson

1. I did not know the first word about them. For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day
out of doors. It was so (i) warm, so (ii) bright. In the open field back of the saw mill the Prussian soldiers
were drilling. It was all much more (iii) tempting than the rule for participles, but I had the (iv) strength
to resist, and (v) hurried off to school.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English

(i) (a) cool (b) hot (c) light (d) heat [Ans: (a) cool ]
(ii) (a) shine (b) light (c) dull (d) glow [Ans: (c) dull]
(iii) (a) unattractive (b) trying (c) inviting (d) attractive [Ans: (a) unattractive ]
(iv) (a) power (b) strong (c) weakness (d) force [Ans: (c) weakness]

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(v) (a) slowed (b) rushed (c) accelerated (d) hastened [Ans: (a) slowed ]

Antonym UNIT - 7 The Dying Detective

VOCABULARY
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1. “There are (i) many problems of the disease in the East. I have learnt that much during my (ii) recent
researches. And during this course I caught this illness,” he said. “I will bring Dr. Ainstree then,” I said
going (iii) towards the door. (iv) Never have I had such a (v) shock when the dying man bolted the door.
(i) (a) a lot (b) numerous (c) huge (d) few  [Ans: (d) few ]

s.
(ii) (a) modern (b) old (c) fresh (d) new  [Ans: (b) old ]
(iii) (a) close to (b) nearly (c) facing (d) away  [Ans: (d) away ]

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(iv) (a) at no time (b) no way (c) always (d) not ever  [Ans: (c) always ]
(v) (a) surprise (b) expectation (c) scare (d) horrify  [Ans: (b) expectation ]



Padasalai
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3. Parts of Speech
ab

(Text Book Page No. : 6)

In this question the student has to rewrite the sentence changing the given noun into a verb or a verb into
a noun, or verb into adjective, etc.
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Hints : Noun Verb (Present Tense) Verb (Past Tense)

revision - revise - revised
careful - care - cared
.s

suspicious - suspect - suspected

smoothness - smooth - smoothed
advertisement - advertise - advertised
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removal - remove - removed

evaluation - evaluate - evaluated
Set 1
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1. The young seagull uttered a joyful scream. (adjective)

2. The young seagull screamed with joy. (noun)
3. The young seagull screamed joyfully. (adverb)
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Set 2
1. The young bird pretended to be falling asleep. (verb)
2. The young bird made a pretension of falling asleep. (noun)
3. The young bird made a pretentious posture of falling asleep. (adjective)

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VOCABULARY

Note that in the Set 1, the adjective ‘joyful’ is changed to its noun form ‘joy’ and to its adverb form ‘joyfully’.
In the Set 2, the verb ‘pretend’ has been transformed to its noun form ‘pretension’ and to its adjective form
‘pretentious’.
We can transform a sentence by interchanging parts of speech without changing its meaning.

m
Exercises
Reframe the sentence using the underlined word as instructed.
1. Reframe the sentence using the underlined word as a verb :

co
VOCABULARY

His behaviour was that of a gentleman.

Ans He behaves like a gentleman.
2. Reframe the sentence using the underlined word as noun :

s.
She is tolerant towards mischievous children.
Ans She tolerates the mischiefs of children.

ok
3. Reframe the sentence using the underlined word as noun :
I decided to join the Arts college.
Ans My decision is to join the Arts college.

Padasalai
4. Reframe the sentence using the underlined word as noun :
o
Eve-teasers should be severely punished.
ab

Ans Punishment should be given to Eve-teasers severely.

5. Reframe the sentence using the underlined word as noun :
He responded correctly to my question.
Ans His response was correct to my question.
ur


.s

4. Singular & Plural Forms

(Text Book Page No. : 35)
w

I. Simple rules for

Singular Plural Singular Plural
w

aircraft aircraft knife knives

analysis analyses leaf leaves
baby babies life lives
w

boat boats loaf loaves

box boxes man men
bus buses mouse mice
cactus cacti nucleus nuclei
cat cats oasis oases

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Singular Form

Exercises
What is the singular form of the word ......

m
1. What is the singular form of the word days?
(a) day (b) dae (c) doy [Ans: (a) day ]
2. What is the singular form of the word data?

VOCABULARY
co
(a) date (b) datum (c) datae [Ans: (b) datum ]
3. What is the singular form of the word taxis?
(a) taxie (b) taxies (c) taxi [Ans: (c) taxi ]

Plural Form

s.
Exercises

ok
What is the plural form of the word ......
1. What is the plural form of the word aquarium?
(a) aquariums (b) aquari (c) aquaria [Ans: (c) aquaria ]
2. What is the plural form of the word memorandum?

Padasalai
o
(a) memorundam (b) memoranda (c) memorandums [Ans: (b) memoranda ]
3. What is the plural form of the word stratum?
ab

(a) stratas (b) stratii (c) strata [Ans: (c) strata ]


ur

5. Idioms
(Text Book Page No. : 66-68, 167)
.s

Idioms are groups of words put together as a unit with a particular meaning. The meaning of the word is
not literal.
For example, if one says that the cat is out of the bag then it does not literally mean the cat is out of the
w

bag but it has a figurative meaning which means the secret is out.
That’s why the meaning of idioms cannot be assumed based on the individual meaning of the words but
by studying the words as a unit.
w

Examples : 1. Lalitha takes a late night walk in the beach once in a blue moon.
In the above sentence ‘once in a blue moon’ is an idiom which means an event that
happens rarely.
w

2. The women cricketers were on the ball in their last over of the match.
In the above sentence ‘on the ball’ is an idiom which means when someone understands
the situations well.

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VOCABULARY

Exercises
Choose the suitable meaning for the idiom found in the following sentence.
1. Orders for the new product are coming in thick and fast.
(a) large numbers (b) small volumes (c) limited quantity (d) appropriate level

m
 [Ans: (a) large numbers ]
2. How can anyone make ends meet with just Rs. 2000/- a month?
(a) join the two ends (b) arrange for a meeting

co
VOCABULARY

(c) manage with the money (d) account for the meeting[Ans: (c) manage with the money ]
3. My uncle is an armchair expert and often tells us how to play cricket.
(a) best cricket player
(b) best expert in making arm chairs

s.
(c) best adviser but without any practical knowledge
(d) best adviser with excellent practical knowledge
 [Ans: (c) best adviser but without any practical knowledge ]


ok
Padasalai
6. Phrase & Clauses
o
(Text Book Page No. : 108)
ab

A phrase is a related group of words. The words work together as a "unit," but they do not have a subject
and a verb.
A Phrase, on the other hand, is a small group of words put together as a conceptual unit. It does not take
a figurative meaning. The meaning of the word is literal. It can be long or short but it does not include the
ur

subject-verb pairing, necessary to make a clause.

Exercises
.s

In the following sentences, state whether the underlined part is a phrase or a clause.
1. In spite of the heavy rains, we reached on time.
In spite of the heavy rains – phrase
w

Ans

2. She passed her test because of her teacher.

Ans because of her teacher – phrase
w

3. She got low marks in her exams because she was sick.
Ans Sbecause she was sick - clause
w

Phrasal Verb
A Phrasal verb is an idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and another element, typically an adverb or a
preposition or both, the meaning of which is different from the meaning of its separate parts.

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Exercises

Replace the bold word in the sentence with one of the phrasal verbs given below to
convey the same meaning :
1. The champion yielded to the strength of his opponent.

m
(a) gave on (b) gave back (c) gave in (d) gave up  [Ans: (c) gave in ]
2. I will not yield to pressure, I shall face the challenge bravely.
(a) give away (b) give in (c) give out (d) give off [Ans: (b) give in ]

VOCABULARY
co
3. Our workers perform their jobs well.
(a) Carry off (b) Carry over (c) Carry out (d) Carry for [Ans: (c) Carry out ]



s.
7. Compound Words

ok
(Text Book Page No. : 99-100)
A compound word is a combination of two or more words that function is a single unit of meaning.
There are three types of compound :
1. Closed compound words are formed when two unique words are joined together. e.g. flowerpots.

Padasalai
2. Open compound words have a space between the words, but when they are read together, a new
o
meaning is formed. e.g: living room.
3. Hyphenated compound words are connected by a hyphen. e.g: brother-in-law.
ab

Exercises
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word :
1. Which of the words given below can be placed after safe to form a compound word?
ur

(a) chair (b) guard (c) shop (d) van [Ans: (b) guard ]
2. Which of the words given below can be placed after water to form a compound word?
(a) food (b) stick (c) fall (d) out [Ans: (c) fall ]
.s

3. Which of the words given below can be placed after blue to form a compound word?
(a) cane (b) print (c) see (d) land [Ans: (b) print ]
w



8. Affixes (Prefix & Suffix)

w

(Text Book Page No. : 101)

In the English language, new words can be formed by a process called affixation. Affixation means adding
w

affixes to the root word to form a new word. Affixes can be classified into prefix and suffix. If an affix is attached
to the beginning of a word, it is called a Prefix. If an affix is attached to the end of the word, it is called a Suffix.

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VOCABULARY

Exercises
1. Add a prefix to the word polite to complete the sentence.
The shopkeeper dismissed his assistant because he was _________ polite to his customers.
(a) un (b) dis (c) im (d) mis [Ans: (c) im ]

m
2. Add a suffix to the word associate to complete the sentence.
Sastha had close associate _________ with many learned persons.
(a) ly (b) ness (c) ion (d ) or [Ans: (c) ion ]

co
VOCABULARY

3. Add a prefix to the word placed to complete the sentence.

Geetha _________ placed the book that she borrowed.
(a) dis (b) un (c) mis (d) im [Ans: (c) mis ]



s.
9. Expanded form of Abbreviation, Acronyms & Contractions

ok
(Text Book Page No. : 131-133)
Abbreviations and acronyms are shortened forms of words or phrases. An abbreviation is typically a
shortened form of words used to represent the whole (such as Dr. or Prof.) while an acronym contains a set of
initial letters from a phrase that usually form another word (such as radar or scuba).

Padasalai
o
Abbreviations and acronyms are often interchanged, yet the two are quite distinct. The main point of
reference is that abbreviations are merely a series of letters while acronyms form new words.
ab

We use contractions (I’m, we’re) in everyday speech and informal writing. Contractions, which are
sometimes called ‘short forms’, commonly combine a pronoun or noun and a verb, or a verb and not, in a
shorter form.
ur

Exercises

Choose the expanded form of the abbreviation :

1. The common expansion of CCTV is :
.s

(a) Charged Channel Television (b) Closed Channel Television

(c) Closed-Circuit Television (d) Checked-Circuit Television
 [Ans: (c) Closed-Circuit Television ]
w

2. The common expansion of SSC is :

(a) State Subordinate Commission (b) Staff Selection Commission
(c) State School Certificate (d) School System Common
w

 [Ans: (b) Staff Selection Commission ]

3. The common expansion of TNPSC is :
w

(a) Tamil Nadu Police Service Commission

(b) Tamil Nadu Public Service Committee
(c) Tamil Nadu People Service Commission
(d) Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission [Ans: (d) Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission ]

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Exercises

Choose the expanded form of the abbreviation :

1. The common expansion of INSAT is :
(a) International Satellite (b) Integrated Space and Technology Work

m
(c) Indian National Satellite (d) Independent Satellite Track
 [Ans: (c) Indian National Satellite ]
2. The common expansion of AIR is :

VOCABULARY
co
(a) All India Railways (b) All India Rivers
(c) All India Radio (d) All Indian Religions [Ans: (c) All India Radio ]
3. The common expansion of RAM is :
(a) Read Only Memory (b) Read Access Memory

s.
(c) Rapid Accurate Memory (d) Random Access Memory
 [Ans: (d) Random Access Memory ]

ok
Contractions
Exercises
Choose the correct expansion of the following contractions.

Padasalai
1. Won't
o
(a) Will not (b) Would not (c) Woo not [Ans: (a) will not ]
2. Must've
ab

(a) Must give (b) Must have (c) Must live [Ans: (b) must have ]
3. I'd
(a) I would (b) I do (c) I did [Ans: (a) I would ]
ur



10. Homophones & Confusables

.s

(Text Book Page No. : 194, 195)

Homophones
w

Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. The text has many
homophones such as : see-sea, hear-here, knew-new.
w

Confusables
Commonly confused words
w

English has a lot of commonly confused words. They either look alike or look and sound alike, but have
completely different meanings and usage. Here are some examples from the text.
brought (v) - past participle of bring.
E.g. Anitha had brought a book from the library.

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VOCABULARY

Exercises

Fill in the blank with correct Homophone.

1. Be careful around the figurines because they _________ easily. (brake / break) [Ans: break ]
2. I can’t _________ this burden any longer. (bear / bare) [Ans: bear ]

m
3. The poor man only had one _________ to his name. (scent / cent) [Ans: cent ]



co
VOCABULARY

11. Constructing Sentences using different Parts of Speech

Words have different forms like noun, verb, adjective and adverb, etc. This exercise contains three forms

s.
of a word, in the options. The student is expected to use any one of the form in a sentence.

Exercises

ok
Construct a sentence using one of the following words given below.
1. (a) obedient (b) obediently (c) obedience
Ans (a) He is an obedient student.

Padasalai
o
(b) He obediently followed his teacher's instructions.
(c) Obedience is essential in any army.
ab

2. (a) renovate (b) renovation (c) renovative

Ans (a) I need money to renovate my house.
(b) The hotel is closed for renovation.
ur

(c) The civil contractor has a renovative talent.

3. (a) high (b) highly (c) height

Ans (a) The rent is very high.
.s

(b) She is highly intelligent.

(c) The height of Mount Everest is 8848 metres.
w


w
w

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Grammar
1. Modals
(Text Book Page No. : 12-14)

m
A modal verb is used to indicate modality (that expresses a speaker’s general intention) i.e. likelihood,
ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, advice etc.
We use modals to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible. Modals are, can, could,

co
may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to, need, used to & dare to.

Exercises : Type - 1
Complete the following sentence choosing the most appropriate Modal Verb.

s.
1. We ______ obey our teachers
(a) can (b) may (c) must (d) should [Ans: (c) must ]
2. She ______ pass this exam

ok
(a) ought to (b) used to (c) dare to (d) need [Ans: (a) ought to ]
3. He ______ not buy a car.
(a) need (b) dare (c) ought (d) used [Ans: (a) need ]

GRAMMAR
Padasalai
Exercises : Type - 2
o
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals:
ab

1. We ______ pay attention to our studies, (ought to, should) [Ans: should ]
2. You ______ not litter the classroom, (should, could) [Ans: should ]
3. I ______ talk to you immediately, (need to, ought to) [Ans: need to ]
ur

Exercises : Type - 3

Fill in with modals.

1. You ________ arrive any time, but you _______ want to be early to get a good seat. [Ans: can; may ]
.s

2. She __________ recite the entire poem from memory. [Ans: could ]
3. If she receives a scholarship, she __________ continue with her studies.  [Ans: will ]
w


w

2. Active & Passive Voice

(Text Book Page No. : 14-16)
w

The voice of a verb tells whether the subject of the sentence performs or receives the action. When a verb
represents a person or a thing as doing something, it is said to be in Active Voice.
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb. So,
when we express an idea giving importance to the doer, the sentence is written in the active form.

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GRAMMAR

Exercises

Change the sentences to passive voice.

1. Many people begin new projects in January.
Ans New projects are begun in January.

m
2. The mother is going to prepare the food.
Ans The food is going to be prepared by mother.
3. They make shoes in that factory.

co
Ans Shoes are made in that factory.


s.
3. Articles and Determiners
(Text Book Page No. : 40, 41)
Articles : (an, a, the)

ok
An article is a word that modifies or describes the Noun.
It is used before the noun to show whether it refers to something specific or not.
So, in a way, articles can also be described as a type of adjectives as they also tell us something about the
GRAMMAR

Padasalai
o
nouns, like adjectives.
These are of two kinds, namely, Indefinite Articles and Definite Articles.
ab

Exercises

Fill in the blanks with an appropriate article, a, an, or the, or leave the space blank
if no article is needed.
ur

1. I want _______ apple from that basket.

(a) a (b) an (c) the (d) no article [Ans: (b) an ]
2. _______ church which we go is newly constructed.
.s

(a) An (b) A (c) No article (d) The [Ans: (d) The ]

3. Miss Anne speaks _______ Chinese.
(a) the (b) no article (c) a (d) an [Ans: (b) no article ]
w


w

4. Prepositional Phrases
(Text Book Page No. : 42-44)
w

A prepositional phrase is a series of words made up of a Preposition and its object. The object may be a
Noun, Pronoun, Gerund or Clause. A prepositional phrase functions as an Adjective or an Adverb.
These prepositions are formed by two-word or a three-word combination such as according to, along
with, at the time of, because of, owing to, instead of etc. These kinds of prepositions are used frequently in our
day to day life.

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Exercises

Choose the appropriate prepositional phrase and complete the sentences

1. He succeeded __________ hard work.
(a) in case of (b) by dint of (c) in course of (d) on behalf of [Ans: (b) by dint of ]

m
2. __________ rain, take an umbrella.
(a) In case of (b) On behalf of (c) Due to (d) On account of [Ans: (a) In case of ]

co
3. __________ his illness, he retired from his job.
(a) In spite of (b) In case of (c) According to (d) Owing to  [Ans: (d) Owing to ]
 

s.
5. Tenses
(Text Book Page No. : 75-83)

ok
Tenses denote the time of action. They show when the work is done. They are :
(1) Present Tense (2) Past Tense (3) Future Tense

GRAMMAR
Padasalai
Exercises : Type - 1
o
Fill in with the simple present or present continuous form of the verb in brackets.
ab

1. Please be quiet. I _________ (try) to read my book. [Ans: am trying]

2. I _________ (not / use) the computer at the moment so you can use it. [Ans: am not using ]
3. Mary is ill so She _________ (go) to the hospital now. [Ans: is going ]
ur

Exercises : Type - 2

Fill in with the simple past or past continuous form of the verb in brackets
.s

1. I _________ (sleep) when she _________ (come).

Ans I was sleeping when she came.
2. They _________ (wait) for me when I _________ (arrive).
w

Ans They were waiting for me when I arrived.

Exercises : Type - 3
w

Complete the sentences using the present perfect continuous and add since or for.
1. Maria _________ (learn) English __________ two years.
w

Ans Maria has been learning English for two years.

2. I _________ (write) letters _________ 8:00.
Ans I have been writing letters since 8:00.
3. Janu and Ram _________ (travel) around the city _________ five weeks.
Ans Janu and Ram have been travelling around the city for five weeks.

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GRAMMAR

Exercises : Type - 4

Complete the sentences using present perfect.

1. They _________ (build) all the main walls recently. [Ans: have built ]
2. Viman is writing a novel. He _________ (complete) the first three chapters. [Ans: has completed ]

m
Exercises : Type - 5

Read the situations and write sentences in the past perfect using the words in

co
brackets.
1. I arrived at the party at 9 p.m, but Nimmy was already there. (she / arrive / before / me)
Ans She had arrived before me.
2. I invited Afsarto come for lunch but he wasn't hungry. (he / already / eat / lunch)

s.
Ans He had already eaten lunch.

Exercises : Type - 6

1.
ok
Complete the sentences using the past perfect or the past perfect continuous.
By the time I got home they _________ (eat) all the cake. [Ans: had eaten ]
GRAMMAR

Padasalai
2. Mangai retired at fifty-eight, but she _________ (work) hard all her life. [Ans: had been working ]
o
Exercises : Type - 7
ab

Choose the correct form of the verb.

1. What time _________ leave tomorrow? (does your train / will your train) [Ans: will your train ]
2. 'I'm very thirsty.' _________ you something to drink. Coke or tea?' (I'll get / I get) [Ans: 'I'll get ]
ur

5. _________ I carry that for you? (Shall / Will) [Ans: Shall ]

 
.s

6. Conjunctions
(Text Book Page No. : 102-105)
w

Conjunctions join words, phrases and clauses together.

w

Exercises : Type - 1
Fill in the blanks with sub-ordinating conjunctions.
w

1. We played the match _________ the drizzle.  [Ans: inspite of / despite ]

2. We went to the beach _________ the fine weather. [Ans: due to / on account of ]
3. We decided to go to the cinema _________ it was too hot outside. [Ans: because / as ]

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Exercises : Type - 2
Choose the correct option .
1. We ate a pizza _________ a kebab.  [Ans: (b) and ]
(a) But (b) and (c) so

m
2. We had some cake ________ we didn’t have any coffee.
(a) unless (b) until (c) but [Ans: (c) but ]
3. I had a headache ________ I didn’t go to the party.

co
(a) when (b) so (c) whereas [Ans: (b) so]

 

7. Nominalisation

s.
(Text Book Page No. : 105-107)

ok
Formal written English uses nouns more than verbs. For example, "judgement" rather than "judge",
"development" rather than "develop", "admiration" rather than "admire".

Exercises : Type - 1

GRAMMAR
Padasalai
Choose the correct nominalisation forms.
o
1. resolve
ab

(a) Solve (b) Solution (c) Resolves (d) Resolution  [Ans: (d) Resolution ]
2. imperil
(a) Peril (b) Pearl (c) Perish (d) Imperilment [Ans: (d) Imperilment ]
3. accustom
ur

(a) Customization (b) Customary (c) Accustomed (d) Custom [Ans: (d) Custom ]

Exercises : Type - 2
.s

Combine the following pairs of sentences nominalising the first verb.

1. The poor live unhygienically. They suffer from diseases.
(a) The poor's suffering from diseases because of their life's unhygienic.
w

(b) The poor suffer from diseases because of their unhygienic life.
(c) Because of their unhygienic living, the poor suffer from diseases.
(d) The poor lived suffering from diseases because of their unhygienic.
w

 [Ans: (b) The poor suffer from diseases because of their unhygienic life. ]
2. The daughter resembles her mother. The father often gets confused.
(a) Resemblance between the daughter and mother confuses the father.
w

(b) Resembled the daughter with the mother confuses the father.
(c) Resembling between the daughter and mother confuses the father.
(d) The daughter and mother confuses the father because they are resembling.
 [Ans: (a) Resemblance between the daughter and mother confuses the father. ]


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GRAMMAR

8. Finite, Non-finite Verbs

(Text Book Page No. : 107, 176-177)

Exercises

m
In the following sentences, state whether the underlined verb is finite or non-finite.
1. My little brother wants to be an actor.

co
Ans wants – finite; to be – non-finite
2. She worked hard to pass the test.
Ans worked – finite; to pass – non-finite

s.
3. I couldn’t solve the problem.
Ans couldn’t solve – finite

ok


9. Pronouns
GRAMMAR

Padasalai
(Text Book Page No. : 142-144)
o
A pronoun is a word or phrase that substitutes a noun or a noun phrase. There are ten types of pronouns
generally used.
ab

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or noun phrase. Using pronouns correctly eliminates unnecessary
noun repetition in your writing.
Exercises : Type - 1
ur

Fill in with relative pronouns.

1. I met a woman ___________ can speak six languages. [Ans: who ]
2. What’s the name of the man ___________ lives next door? [Ans: who ]
.s

3. What’s the name of the river ___________ goes through the city? [Ans: which ]
w

Exercises : Type - 2

Combine the following sentences using a relative pronoun.

w

1. A girl is now in hospital. She was injured in the accident.

Ans A girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.
2. A man told me you were away. He answered the phone.
w

Ans A man who answered the phone told me you were away.
3. A waitress was very impolite and impatient. She served us.
Ans A waitress who served us was very impolite and impatient.

 

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10. Reported Speech

(Text Book Page No. : 145-147)
Direct speech is speech inside quotation marks. It is used to repeat the exact words that somebody said:

m
My mother told me, "You have to work hard” (This is reported as)

Exercises : Type - 1

co
Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Change pronouns and time expressions
where necessary.
1. She said, "I am reading."
Ans She said that she was reading.

s.
2. They said, "We are busy."
Ans They said that they were busy.
3. He said, "I know a better restaurant."

ok
Ans He said that he knew a better restaurant.

Exercises : Type - 2

GRAMMAR
Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request,

Padasalai
o
a statement or a question and whether you have to change the tenses or not.
1. "I was very tired," she said.
ab

Ans She said that she had been very tired.

2. "Be careful, Ben," she said.
Ans She told Ben to be careful.
ur

3. "I will get myself a drink," she says.

Ans She says that she will get herself a drink.

.s

11. Subject-Verb Agreement

w

(Text Book Page No. : 174-175)

Subject verb agreement simply means the subject and verb must agree in number. This means both need
w

to be singular or both need to be plural.

Exercises : Type - 1
w

Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.
1. Anu and her brothers _________ at school. (is, are) [Ans: are ]
2. Either my mother or my father _________ coming to the meeting. (is, are) [Ans: is ]
3. The dog or the cats _________ outside. (is, are) [Ans: are ]

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GRAMMAR

Exercises : Type - 2

Fill in the blanks using “am, is, are, am not, isn't, aren't”.
1. India, Pakistan and SriLanka _________ cities. [Ans: are not ]
2. A lemon _________ sweet. It _________ sour.  [Ans: isn't, is ]

m
3. Copper _________ cheap. Diamonds _________ expensive.  [Ans: is, are ]


co
12. Transformation of Sentences
(Text Book Page No. : 200-201)

s.
Sentence clause structure commonly known as sentence composition is the classification of sentences
based on the number and kind of clauses.
A simple sentence consists of only one clause. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent
clauses. A complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause.

Exercises : Type - 1
Change the following complex sentences into simple sentences.ok
GRAMMAR

Padasalai
o
1. After he had learned his lessons, he went out to play.
Ans Having learned his lessons, he went out to play.
ab

2. While I was walking along the street, I saw a dead cobra.

Ans Walking along the street, I saw a dead cobra.

Exercises : Type - 2
ur

Rewrite the following Simple Sentences as Compound Sentences.

1. The old man being weak could not walk properly.
Ans The old man was weak therefore he could not walk properly.
.s

2. His father in spite of being poor is a contended man.

Ans His father is poor but he is a contended man.
w

3. She must work hard to be successful in the examination.

Ans She must work hard otherwise she will not be successful in the examination.
w

Exercises : Type - 3

Rewrite the following Simple Sentences as Complex Sentences.

w

1. Nobody could find out the place of their stay.

Ans Nobody could find out the place where they stayed.
2. The purpose of his visit to this place is not known.
Ans It is not known what is the purpose of his visit to this place.

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Exercises : Type - 4

Rewrite the following Complex Sentences as Compound Sentences.

1. I am confident that he is innocent in this matter.
Ans He is innocent in this matter and I am confident about it.

m
2. Unless he works hard, he cannot pass the examination.
Ans He must work hard otherwise he cannot pass the examination.
3. However hard work she may do she cannot pass the examination.

co
Ans She may do as hard work as she can but she cannot pass the examination.

Exercises : Type - 5

s.
Rewrite the following Compound Sentences as Complex Sentences.
1. Let me reach my office and then I shall talk to him.
I shall talk to him when I reach my office.

ok
Ans

2. Spare the rod and spoil the child.

Ans The child is spoilt when the rod is spared.

GRAMMAR
3. The thief saw the police man, so he ran away.

Padasalai
o
Ans The thief ran away when he saw the police man.
ab

Exercises : Type - 6
Change the following sentences as directed.
1. Tea is too hot to drink. (into complex)
Ans Tea is so hot that it cannot be drunk.
ur

2. Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed. (into compound)

Ans Work hard or you cannot succeed.
3. I was born in this place. (into complex)
.s

Ans This is the place where I was born.

Exercises : Type - 7
w

Combine the pairs of sentences below into simple, complex and compound.
1. She is very weak. She cannot walk.
w

Ans Simple : She is too weak to walk.

Complex : She is so weak that she cannot walk.
Compound : She is very weak and so she cannot walk.
w

2. The dancer was ill. She performed well.

Ans Simple : Inspite of being ill the dancer performed well.
Complex : Although the dancer was ill she performed well.


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GRAMMAR

13. If Sentences-Conditions

Condition If / Subordinate Clause Main Clause

I. Open condition If + Subject + Present Tense Subject + will + V

m
(E.g.)
1. If it rains (Present) the match will be cancelled.
S V

co
2. If I try (Present) I will get.
V
II. Imaginary If + Subject + Simple Past Tense Subject + would + V
condition (E.g.)

s.
1. If I were you (Past) I would accept the job.
2. If I had money (Past) I would help the poor.
Note : ‘had’ in the above sentence is in simple past tense.

ok
III. Unfulfilled If + Subject + Past Perfect Tense Subject + would + have + Past
condition (E.g.) participle (en, ed) forms
1. If I had known (Past Perfect) I would have visited you.
GRAMMAR

She would have been successful.

Padasalai
2. If she had worked hard
o
Note : When the main clause takes a negative verb use not after would ⇒ wouldn’t have +
past participle
ab

Exercises

Which of the options given below will suit the following sentences?
ur

1. If you study well, _________.

(a) you would pass the exam (b) you will pass the exam
(c) you would have passed the exam [Ans: (b) you will pass the exam ]
.s

2. If I were the Prime Minister, _________.

(a) I would implement special schemes (b) I will implement special schemes
(c) I would have implemented special scheme [Ans: (a) I would implement special schemes ]
w

3. If Raja had got enough water, _________.

(a) he will share it with his neighbour. (b) he would share it with his neighbour.
w

(c) he would have shared it with his neighbour. [Ans: (c) he would have shared it with his neighbour ]


w

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14. Sentence Recognition

This section tests the understanding of English sentence.
A simple idea can be conveyed both in a positive way and in a negative way.

m
Exercises

Choose the sentence which correctly conveys the meanings of the statements given

co
below :
1. Nothing is impossible in life.
(a) Everything is possible in life. (b) Something is impossible in life.
(c) Nothing is possible in life. [Ans: (a) Everything is possible in life. ]

s.
2. I can never forget how you saved me from the difficult situation.
(a) I remember very well how you saved me from the difficult situation.
(b) I can never remember how you saved me from the difficult situation.

ok
(c) I cannot remember how you saved me from the difficult situation. 
 [Ans: (a) I remember very well how you saved me from the difficult situation. ]
3. Never can a fish survive on land.

GRAMMAR
Padasalai
(a) A fish can survive both on land and water.
o
(b) A fish can survive on land.
(c) A fish cannot survive on land.[Ans: (c) A fish cannot survive on land. ]
ab


ur

15. Punctuation

Punctuations include, Capital letter, opening and closing double inverted commas, comma, fullstop,
question mark, exclamatory mark, etc.
.s

Exercises
w

Punctuate the following sentence appropriately :

1. what a pretty girl you are exclaimed Rashmi.
Ans “What a pretty girl, you are!” exclaimed Rashmi.
w

2. i am going to mumbai in may to attend my friends wedding.

Ans I am going to Mumbai in May to attend my friend’s wedding.
w

3. father said to his son study well.

Ans Father said to his son, “Study well.”



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GRAMMAR

16. Sentence Pattern

There are five components in a sentence.
1. Subject; 2. Verb; 3. Object; 4. Complement; 5. Adjunct

m
Exercises
Identify the pattern of the following sentence :

co
1. He was going to school.
(a) S V O (b) S V A (c) S V C A [Ans: (b) S V A ]
2. I met my friend at the market.
(a) S V IO DO (b) S V O C (c) S V O A [Ans: (c) S V O A ]

s.
3. Velu grew tired after the match.
(a) S V C A (b) S V IO DO (c) S V O C [Ans: (a) S V C A ]


ok
17. Question Tags
GRAMMAR

Padasalai
A Question Tag is the shortest form of a question using the verb plus pronoun.
o
(i) A positive statement uses a negative tag.
(ii) A negative statement uses a positive tag.
ab

Exercises

Choose the correct question tag for the following statement :

ur

1. Sheela danced well, ______?

(a) did she (b) didn’t she (c) doesn’t she [Ans: (b) didn’t she ]
2. You can study well, ______?
.s

(a) can you (b) can’t you (c) don’t you [Ans: (b) can’t you ]
3. Swarna cannot run fast, ______?
(a) can she (b) can’t she (c) can’t they [Ans: (a) can she ]
w


w

18. Degrees of Comparison

Positive Comparative Superlative

w

as big as bigger than the biggest

as pretty as prettier than the prettiest
as beautiful as more beautiful than the most beautiful
as kind as kinder than the kindest

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as good/well as better than the best
as bad/ill as worse than the worst
as much/many as more than the most
as little as less than the least

m
as near as nearer than the nearest/next
as great as greater than the greatest
as interior as inner than the innermost

co
Exercises
Complete the sentences :
1. Ravi is _________ than Ramesh.

s.
(a) as tall as (b) the tallest (c) taller [Ans: (c) taller ]
2. Gandhiji was one of _________ leaders.

ok
(a) greater than (b) as great as (c) the greatest [Ans: (c) the greatest ]
3. Kindness is the _________ of all virtues.
(a) as noble as (b) nobler (c) noblest [Ans: (c) noblest ]

Padasalai

o
Writing Skills
ab

1. General Comprehension
(Text Book Page No. : 8, 38, 111)
ur

Tips to write prose comprehension :

1. Read the questions first.

WRITING SKILLS
- it will help you to understand the passage better.
.s

2. Read the passage.

3. Identify the answers for each question.
4. Understand and write the answers in your own words in a sentence or two.
w

Exercises
w

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
1. Discipline is the most essential virtue you should acquire when you are young. It is a complex quality.
It shapes your mind to religious, social and economic patterns when you grow up to be an active citizen.
w

At a young age, we do not realize the value of discipline, As children, we merely long for unlimited freedom,
without understanding the meaning of discipline. An athlete disciplines himself and keeps himself fit.
He refrains from smoking, observes good food habits and keeps good health. Discipline increases the
human energy and implies control, resistance and adjustment. Our energy is saved and made vital for a
good output.

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WRITING
Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

QUESTIONS : Ans
(a) The word ‘essential’ means: (a) (i) necessary
(i) necessary   (ii) important (b) Discipline moulds a citizen to be religious, social
(iii) compulsory and economic and to be active.
(b) How does discipline aid a citizen? (c) Children neglect discipline for want of unlimited

m
(c) Why don’t children want discipline? freedom, without realizing its necessity.
(d) Mention some ways in which an athlete (d) An athlete maintains discipline by following certain
maintains discipline. good habits in food and health, by keeping fit and

co
(e) How is discipline beneficial to human refraining from smoking.
beings? (e) Through discipline, man learns to adjust, resist
temptations and control his impulse thus increasing
his energy. He learns to save it for a better output.

s.
2. Once upon a time there was a rich merchant. He was returning home from work. He brought alongwith
himself a large sum of money he had collected throughout the day. He was quite wealthy and valued
money the most. On the way he was trapped in heavy rainfall. He got totally drenched and alongwith
him his money also got wet. He started grumbling and cursed the rainfall due to which he had to suffer

ok
heavy loss. Sometime later a robber attacked him. He could make out that he was a wealthy man and was
carrying the money. He was about to fire, but the gun did not work because the gun powder had got damp
and was not working. Meantime the merchant got a chance to escape and saved himself from the loss of
his life as well as money. Then he realised that the rain, which he was cursing sometime ago, had actually

Padasalai
o
saved him and his money. He then understood that whatever happens, it always happens for the good.

QUESTIONS : Ans
ab

(a) What did the merchant carry? (a) The merchant carried a large sum of money.
(b) Why did he curse the rainfall? (b) He cursed the rainfall because he got totally
(c) Why could not the robber shoot the drenched alongwith his money.
merchant? (c) The gun did not work because the gun powder
ur

(d) State whether the following statement is had got damp and was not working. So, the robber
True or False. could not shoot the merchant.
The rain was actually a blessing in disguise. (d) True.
WRITING SKILLS

(e) What was the lesson learnt by the (e) The merchant understood that whatever happens,
.s

merchant? it always happens for the good.


w

2. Spot the Error

w

(Text Book Page No. : 178)

Exercises
w

Spot the errors in the following sentences.

1. (a) My uncle is richest man in the village.
(b) Many people behaves rudely now-a-days.
(c) A American lives near my house.

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(d) The dog fell along the river.
(e) Each of the cycles are damaged.
Ans (a) My uncle is the richest man in the village.
(b) Many people behave rudely now-a-days.

m
(c) An American lives near my house.
(d) The dog fell into the river.
(e) Each of the cycles is damaged.

co
2. (a) As the child fell down so it started crying.
(b) He is a honest man.
(c) Neither the secretary nor the manager were available
(d) The cat drink milk.

s.
(e) One of the chairs are broken.
Ans (a) As the child fell down it started crying. (OR) The child fell down, so it started crying.

ok
(b) He is an honest man.
(c) Neither the secretary nor the manager was available.
(d) The cat drinks milk.
(e) One of the chairs is broken.

Padasalai
o

ab

3. Picture Comprehension
ur

Exercises

WRITING SKILLS
Look at the picture given below carefully and answer the questions.
.s

1. 
w
w

Questions :
(a) What is the name of the folk dance?
(b) Where can you see this dance performance?
w

(c) What do the dancers have on their head?

(d) What is the significance of this dance?
(e) Mention any one of the folk dances other than this dance.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

Ans (a) Karakattam is the name of this folk dance.

(b) We can see this dance performance in village fetivals.
(c) The dancers have karagam on their head.
(d) It is a traditional dance, praising the Tamil Goddess.

m
(e) Silambattam/Thappattam/Oyilattam/Mayilattam/Poikkal Kuthirai attam.

2. 
Questions :

co
(a) What do you see in the picture?
(b) Does the scene portray an authorized parking lot?
(c) Is it advisable to use the roadside for parking vehicles?
Give reason for your answer.

s.
(d) Would you resort to such a measure when you park a
vehicle?
(e) What would be your advice to your friends in this

ok
regard?

Ans (a) Vehicles are parked in a ‘No parking’ space.

(b) It is an unauthorized parking lot which is the space under a overhead bridge.

Padasalai
o
(c) The roadside is not advisable to park vehicles as they construct the space for transport.
(d) No, I will never disobey road rules.
ab

(e) I would advise my friends to park their vehicles only in authorized parking lots.


ur

4. Advertisement Making
WRITING SKILLS

(Text Book Page No. : 10)

.s

An advertisement is an audio or visual form of marketing communication to promote or sell a product,

service or idea.
An advertisement should include the following to make it attractive.
w

1. Name of the product / brand / outlet.

2. Address with contact information and websites.
w

3. Appealing Images (visuals) of the Product / Service / Idea to be advertised.

4. Target demographics / audience / customers.
5. Feel-Good discounts and offers.
w

6. Colourful Background.
7. Colourful and readable text.
8. Brief and catchy descriptions and benefits about the product.
9. Use borders and lines to organize.

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Exercises

Prepare attractive advertisements using the hints given below :

1. Hurry - 50% off - Group tours - limited seats - Tamil Travels - Europe - Australia - USA.

m
Ans
Group Tours
eats
 Europe
mited S
 Australia Li

co
Hurry
 USA

50 % offer

s.
Tamil Travels 162, Rajaji Road, Egmore, Chennai- 600 008.

2. Footking footwear - shoes, chappals - imported footwear - 20% discount - gents - ladies -

ok
kids.
Ans

Padasalai
o
ab

No. 3, 100 Feet Road,

Vadapalani, Ch - 26
ur



WRITING SKILLS
.s

5. Report Writing
(Text Book Page No. : 10)
w

A report is designed to lead people through the information in a structured way, and also to enable them
to find the information that they want quickly and easily. It is a short, sharp, concise document which is written
for a particular purpose and audience.
w

Format of a report.
 Title of the report  Who…? (Chief guest,)
 Report Writer’s name  How…? (the details of the event like Program, its impact etc.)
w

 What…? (name of the event)  Use simple sentences in the Past Tense.
 When…? (day and time of the event)  Be brief.
 Where…? (venue of the event)  Do not exaggerate the event.
 Why…? (the purpose of the event)

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

Exercises

1. Write a newspaper report on a Bus Accident.

Ans Ten Killed In An Accident on the Highway
- By Rajesh

m
Ten people were killed and 25 injured when a private bus skidded off the road and fell into
a river near Trichy. This is the third major road accident in this district in less than a month.
The accident took place in Ariyalur Village, about 22 km from Trichy where it was headed to.

co
Superintendent of police Madhusudhan told over the phone from the spot that the injured were
admitted to the zonal hospital. The dead were mainly men and belonged to nearby villages.


s.
6. Writing Speech
(Text Book Page No. : 39, 40, 135)

ok
How to Write a Good Speech
1. Have an inspiring OPENING and ENDING. 2. Appropriate(suitable)TONE of VOICE. (e.g.) sincere for a
serious issue, humour for comedy etc

Padasalai
3. Adapt speech for PURPOSE and AUDIENCE. (e.g.) teenagers, mixed audience, teachers, children etc
o
4. Organise IDEAS logically and do not confuse the audience.
5. Use EMOTIVE language to CONVINCE your audience that what you are saying should be listened to.
ab

(e.g.) Even if they put us in chains, torture us and leave us to bleed we will not move. Blood will be our
victory!
6. Use RHETORICAL QUESTIONS – asking a question for persuasive effect with out expecting are play
(because the answer is obvious) Eg: Was he not a good man? (knowing that the audience agree anyway)
ur

7. Make sure you are writing in the CORRECT PERSON

(e.g.) I believe that … I knew him well …
WRITING SKILLS

8. Use interesting facts and figures (e.g.) 200000 people… with diagrams or charts to help your audience
.s

visualize it.

Exercises
w

1. You are Anu. On women’s day ,you are asked to deliver a speech on changing role of women
in 21st century acknowledging their significant contribution in changing face of modern era.
Your speech should not exceed the limit of 120-150 words.
w

Ans Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear Friends,

I am delighted to have this golden opportunity of expressing my views on the ROLE OF
w

WOMEN on the eve of "WOMAN'S DAY ".

In the past, women were considered inferior to man. Today, Woman are as good as men in
every aspect. They have proved their worth. Name any field of progress wherein they have not left
their mark? They are known for their sincerity, sensibility, hard work and timely wit. They have
never failed in using them in time of need. Women like Saina Nehwal and Shreya Ghosal have
excelled in their respective task. Being woman myself, I feel tremendous power in myself and see

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no reason to lag behind. I am proud to be a woman. We know that modern world cannot afford to
leave women as they have time and again made the world realise their strong presence.
I acknowledge the vital role the women play for the emancipation of the society and their
immense contribution in shaping and creating a strong nation with their spirit of dedication,
devotion and duty. Thank you.

m


7. Slogan Writing

co
(Text Book Page No. : 70, 71)

A slogan is usually a short phrase that is easy and catchy to remember. They are often used in advertisements
and by political parties or organizations who expect people to remember what they are selling. The words used

s.
in a slogan are simple, relevant, attractive and brief.

Exercises : Type 1

ok
Match the following products and slogans appropriately :
1. (a) Call taxi - Learn management Ans
(b) Generator - If you call it will reach in minutes (a) If you call it will reach in minutes

Padasalai
(c) Business studies - The cup that cheers (b) Non stop power
o
(d) Glass - Non stop power (c) Learn management
(e) Tea - Handle with care (d) Handle with care
ab

(e) The cup that cheers

2. (a) Air conditioner - Quick solutions Ans

(b) Calculator - Feel the chillness all over (a) Feel the chillness all over
ur

(c) Water - Protects from sun and rain (b) Quick solutions
(d) Cycle - Waste not, want not (c) Waste not, want not
(d) Easy ride

WRITING SKILLS
(e) Umbrella - Easy ride
(e) Protects from Sun and rain
.s

Exercises : Type 2
w

Write a slogan for the products mentioned.

1. Jewellery
w

Ans Dazzle and sparkle.

2. Lens
Ans A clear vision of future.
w

3. Binoculars
Ans Bring close the distant.
4. Camera
Ans Lets capture the moment.

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WRITING
Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

Exercises : Type 3
Look at the pictures given below and frame your own slogans.
1.

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co
s.
2.
Ans 
life.
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If you cut the tree, you kill a life. If you save a tree, you save a life. If you plant a tree, you plant a

Padasalai
o
ab
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WRITING SKILLS

.s

Ans 
Eat right, be bright. Take care of your body and it will take care of you. Those who do not find
time for exercise will have to find time for illness. Eat a healthy meal to help your body heal.
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
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8. Letter Writing
(Text Book Page No. : 72-74, 172-174, 199)
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A letter is an important means of communication which could be personal or official. Letters are broadly
classified into two types: Formal and Informal letter. In Class IX you have studied both the types – formal and
informal.

Now let us learn to write a letter ordering goods and how to write a complaint for any damage or any other
problem noticed after receiving the goods.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English

Exercises
1. Ramesh wanted to write to Mr. Nagaraj asking him to be the Chief Guest for a function in
his school. He had the format of his letter ready but had to write the content. Complete the
content of his letter in about 100 words.

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B City,
3rd July, 2019.
From

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K. Ramesh,
School Pupil Leader,
XYZ Higher Secondary School,
B City, Pin : XXX XXX.

s.
To
Mr. C. Nagaraj,
Professor of English,

ok
ABC Arts College, K City,
Pin : YYY YYY.
Dear Sir,
Sub: Invitation to preside over the inauguration of Literary Association.

Padasalai
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____________________________________________________________________________
Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
ab

K. Ramesh (SPL)
Ans
As the academic year has commenced, we
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have the inauguration of various clubs. I wish

to invite you Sir, on behalf of our Principal to
preside over the inauguration of the Literary

WRITING SKILLS
Association that is to be held on 15th July 2019.
.s

The programme that will last for an hour is

scheduled to begin at 3.30 p.m. We certainly
hope that you will be available. We have
enclosed a self-addressed envelope for your
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reply to confirm your acceptance.


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9. Notice Writing
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(Text Book Page No. : 112

A notice is a formal means of communication. The purpose of a notice is to announce or display information
to a specific group of people. Notices are generally meant to be pinned up on specific display boards in schools
or in public places.

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WRITING
Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

Exercises

Draft a Notice :
1. You are Roopa/Ritesh, the cultural secretary of M.R.V High School, Madurai. You have been asked
to inform students of class X about an Inter School Dramatics Competition. Draft a notice not more

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than 50 words for the students’ Notice board with all necessary details. Put the notice in a box.
Ans NOTICE

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M R V PUBLIC SCHOOL, Madurai.
DRAMATICS COMPETITION - AUDITION
30 July, 2019.
th

An Inter School Dramatics Competition will be held on 30-08-2019 at

s.
Nalanda Hall. An audition will be held to select students for the school team.
Interested candidates may give their names to the undersigned. The details are
given below:

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Date : 07.08.2019
Time : 10.30 am
Venue : School Auditorium

Padasalai
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Last date for Registration : 05-08-2019
Roopa
ab

Cultural Secretary


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10. Article Writing

(Text Book Page No. : 113, 144)
WRITING SKILLS

.s

Article writing is the process of creating non-fictitious text about current or recent news. It can be items
of general interests or specific topics. They are published in print forms, such as newspapers and magazines.
Article writing is a skill that needs to be practised.
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Exercises

1. You make the following notes after reading about the disappearance of bird habitats from city forests
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and parks. Write an article in 100-120 words stressing upon the need for bringing back the birds to
the city. You are Sonu/Sonalika.
City Parks Oust Bird Population
Ans
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- Sonu
While outwardly things appear idyllic, the lack of bird sound appears wanting. The park’s
attendants are concerned with its depleting bird population. The koyal, a regular summer visitor
has dwindled in number and the sparrow, a common sight amidst the flower beds and pathways,
has disappeared altogether.

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The authorities cited the overuse of insecticides behind this disappearance. Cutting down
of roadside trees reduces nesting spots for the birds’ Several fledgelings fall to the ground from
the branches as this exercise is performed without regard to the nesting season. Communication
towers on rooftops of adjacent homesteads have taken a toll of the sparrow population.
Creating nesting places under eaves and placing water and grain containers in gardens or balconies
will alter the status quo.

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

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11. E-mail Wiring

(Text Book Page No. : 139-140)

s.
Short form of electronic mail, e-mail or email is information stored on a computer that is exchanged between
two users over telecommunications. More plainly, e-mail is a message that may contain text, files, images, or
other attachments sent through a network to a specified individual or group of individuals.

Exercises

Draft a Mail :
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Padasalai
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1. Suppose, you are Sneka. You are very much glad to hear the news of 3G mobile network. You want to
share your feelings with your friend. Now write an email about 3G network.
ab

Ans E-Mail
To : [email protected]
Sub : Details of 3G mobile network.
My dear Karthik,
ur

Thanks for your email. You have heard that Bangladesh has been connected with 3G mobile
network. It is great news for us! I am really thrilled to hear this news. I think you are also happy.

WRITING SKILLS
Keep fine and in touch. Hope to see you very soon.
.s

Sneka


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12. Message Writing

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(Text Book Page No. : 140-141)

A Message is an informal means of communication. The receiver of the message has to sift through the
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given message and pick out the most vital bits of information.
Then, he/she should be able to reproduce that information in order to convey it to the person for whom
it is intended.

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WRITING
Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

Exercises

Draft a message on the following situations.

1. The following is a telephonic conversation between Venkat and his sister. As Venkat’s sister had to
leave for her dance classes, she leaves a message for her mother. Write the message in not more than

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50 words.
Venkat : Can I speak to mom?
Veena : She has gone out

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Venkat : I have to leave for Coimbatore tomorrow at 4 a.m. forthe Inter-School Football Match.
Please ask her to get my bag packed as I will be back home late in the evening after practice
Veena : I will.
Ans
MESSAGE

s.
th
12 April, 2019
Mom,

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Venkat called up to inform that he has to leave for Coimbatore tomorrow at 4
a.m. for Inter-School Football Match. You are requested to pack his bag as he will
return home late in the evening after his football practice.
Veena.

Padasalai
o

ab

13. Poster Making

(Text Book Page No. : 170)
What is a poster?
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Posters are placards displayed in a public place announcing or advertising something. Posters are notices,
advertisements and invitations – all in one.
WRITING SKILLS

What is the purpose of a Poster?

.s

It is to create social awareness about current problems and needs, or to advertise or invite and display
something.
Layout of a poster
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 It should be attractive, colourful and tempting

 The title should be catchy
 Slogans or jingles should be used
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 Sketches or simple drawings may be used

 Letters may be of different sizes and shapes
 Proper spacing should be given
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Content of a poster
 The theme or subject
 Descriptions along with it
 Essentials like time, date, venue etc. to be given, in case of an event
 Names of issuing authority/ organisation to be given

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Exercises
Poster Making :
1. Prepare a poster on water pollution.
Ans Stop Water Pollution

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co
s.

ok
Padasalai
14. Pamphlet Creation
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(Text Book Page No. : 198)
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HOW TO CREATE A PAMPHLET

Step 1 : Finalise your text
Step 2 : Choose a layout
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Step 3 : Add appropriate images

Step 4 : Ensure your pamphlet is cohesive and appealing

WRITING SKILLS
Exercises
.s

Pamphlet Creation :
1. Prepare a pamphlet to be distributed for students at a career guidance programme for tenth standard
students
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Ans After 10th Class

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Intermediate Polytechnic ITI Para Medical Short term course

MPC Mechanical Filtter DMLT DTP

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BiPC Civil Mechanical DHFM Tally

HEC EEE Electrician DOA Graphics
MEC Chemical Electrical DOT PGDC
CEC Computers
Automobile

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

15. Dialogue Writing / Fill in

(Text Book Page No. : 8)

Exercises : Type - 1

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Write a dialogue with a minimum of five utterances for the situation given below :
1. Write a dialogue with at least five utterances between a mother and a doctor on the need for vaccination

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against Dengue fever.
Ans Mother : Doctor, May we come in?
Doctor : Yes, please come in. Oh, It’s Mrs. Malathi and little Sweetie. Is something
wrong with her?

s.
Mother : Yes, she’s been having fever since last night.
Doctor : Do any of your friends have fever in class, Sweetie?
Sweetie : Yes, Uncle.

ok
Doctor : Mrs. Malathi, I think it would be wiser to give Sweetie a vaccination against
dengue.
Mother : You mean an injection?
Doctor : Yes, that will save us from fear of any dengue fever in future.

Padasalai
o
Mother : Then, let’s go ahead with the vaccination.
Doctor : That’s very wise. Nurse, get the vaccination ready.
ab

Exercises : Type - 2

Complete the following dialogue appropriately :

1. TTR : Ticket please. Ans
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Traveller : Sorry sir, somehow I have lost my ticket. (i) Then you have to take a new ticket
TTR : (i) ______________? with penalty.
WRITING SKILLS

Traveller : (ii) ______________. (ii) I don’t have enough money to

.s

take another ticket sir.

TTR : Then (iii) ______________?
(iii) Then, what are you going to do?
Traveller : Just a minute sir (iv) ________ ? (iv) Shall I check once again in my
bags?
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TTR : Be quick.
Traveller : I got it. Here it is sir. (v) OK. Always keep your ticket at
safe place. Don’t waste others
TTR : (v)___________________ . time.
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Traveller : OK. Thank you sir.


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16. Road Map Instructions

(Text Book Page No. : 168, 169)

You are waiting for your friend Raja at the shopping mall. He will get down from the bus at the bus stop

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in Main street. Give him directions to reach the mall.
After you get down, walk forward along the main street and cross smith street at the zebra crossing. You
can see a hospital to your left. Walk straight and you can see the park to your left. Cross the road at the second

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zebra crossing to reach the shopping mall opposite the park. I will be waiting at the entrance.

Exercises

s.
Observe the map given below and write the instructions required.
1. Observe the map given below and write the instructions required: Guide the stranger to the Post
Office.

ok Ans
PETROL BUNK

You are here X TRUNK ROAD (i) Walk along the Trunk road.
(ii) You will come across a petrol bunk on your

Padasalai
H
left.
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O
T
E (iii) At the end of Trunk road, turn right and go
ahead.
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(iv) A hotel will be seen on your right side and

after a few steps turn again right side.
Post Office
 (v) Proceed further and you will see the Post
Office on your left.
ur

2. Your brother needs to go to the hospital to visit your sick aunt. Guide him to reach the hospital in

WRITING SKILLS
about 50 words.
.s

Ans

(i) Walk along the Main road.

MAIN ROAD (ii) Cross over the M.G.Road, which will be on
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You are here X

School
your right.
Govt. Boys
M.G. Road

Hostel (iii) Walk further and turn right on the next

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Hospital R.R. Super turning.

Market 
(iv) You will come across a school on your right
and Govt. Boys Hostel on your left.
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(v)  Go further and you will reach the hospital

on your right, just opposite to RR Super
Market.



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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

17. Review
(Book, Film, Event,...)
(Text Book Page No. : 197)

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A review is a critical assessment of a book, play, film, an event, etc. published in a newspaper or magazine.
Review process: (present it in info graphics)
 First, choose the piece/work (a book, movie, an article or event).

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 Read the selected piece (a book/an article) or watch it (a movie/an event) cautiously until you
understand it thoroughly.
 Focus on the main idea of the piece and its purpose.
 Critically evaluate the work.

s.
 Make a note of all that is worthy of analysis.
 Summarise it in a brief way.
 Present it orally or in written form.

Exercises

Review Writing : ok
Padasalai
o
1. Write a review on a book that you read recently.
The Twin Giants
Ans
ab

- Reviewer : Jayanth, Aged 15.

Twin giants, Normus and Lottavim, are looking for love and friendship. They are very happy
giants and do everything together. They sneeze together, pick apples together and play games
together, until Lottavim marries a giantess called Georgie. After this, Normous is left sad and
ur

lonely. Read the book to find out what happens next!

I liked the giantess and the mountains numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 that they visit seeking
WRITING SKILLS

love. This is an amusing book and I really enjoyed reading it. I would recommend this book to my
.s

best friends and children aged 10-15 years old.


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18. Views on the given picture

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(Text Book Page No. : 69)

Tips on Views on Pictures :
1. Understand the picture
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2. Identify the theme

3. Bring out the causes
4. Suggest a remedy
5. Write about ten sentences with coherence
6. Give a title

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Exercises

Look at the picture given below. Express your views on it in about five sentences.
1.  Ans Save Agriculture
1. It is a picture of a farmer sprinkling / scattering

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fertilizer in his farm.
2. He is doing his work when the paddy field is slightly
filled with water.

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3. He seems to be a poor farmer because he does not
wear any gloves.
4. If he wears hand gloves, those will protect his hands
from the fertilizer chemicals.
5. Agriculture is the most important occupation of our

s.
country.
6. It is the backbone of Indian economy.

ok
2.  Ans Planting Trees
1. I can see students planting trees in this picture.
2. The students have been paired in groups of two to do
this work.

Padasalai
o
3. There are teachers supervising them.
4. The students are planting the trees in a barren land.
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5. Afforestation should be encouraged among students.


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19. Poem Paraphrase

(Text Book Page No. : 169, 170)

WRITING SKILLS
Exercises
.s

Read the poem given below and complete its paraphrase with suitable phrases in
the given blanks.
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1. NIGHT
The sun descending in the west, Paraphrase :
The time referred to here is (i) _______ and
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The evening star does shine,

(ii) _____ on the sky. (iii) ______ are taking rest in their
The birds are silent in their nest, nest. The poet wants to (iv) _________. The poet seemed
And I must seek for mine, to be silent and delightful like (v) _______.
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The moon, like a flower, Ans

In heaven’s high bower (i) night (ii) evening star
With silent delight, (iii) The birds (iv) take rest / reach home / go home
Sits and smiles on the night (v) the moon

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS
2. Speak gently to the aged one, Paraphrase :
Grieve not the careworn heart: We should speak gently to the ___(i)___ without
The sands of life are nearly run, hurting or offending them. Let them ____(ii)_____ as
Let them in peace depart. they have spent so many years on the earth toiling hard.
We should try to win back the people who have ___
Speak gently to the erring ones.

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(iii)____ in their life. We should be ___(iv)___ to them.
They must have toiled in vain; Though ___(v)___, the joy that it would bring in future is
Perhaps unkindness made them so, immeasurable.
Oh! Win them back again.

co
Ans
Speak gently! - it is a little thing
(i) aged people (ii) in peace
Dropped in the heart’s deep well,
(iii) toiled in vain (iv) kind enough
The good, the joy that it may bring.
(v) it is a little thing
The rolling years shall tell.

s.


20. Non-Verbal Interpretation

Exercises
ok
(Text Book Page No. : 70)

Padasalai
Study the pie-chart and answer the questions given below:
o
1. Study the tabulation below and answer the questions given below:
ab

Thanjavur to Trichy
No. Time Bus Car Lorry Bike
1 6.30 to 9.00 25 75 65 80
2 10.00 to 12.00 30 20 10 30
ur

3 13.00 to 15.30 75 70 65 90
4 18.00 to 20.00 90 110 65 80
WRITING SKILLS

5 21.00 to 22.30 45 75 65 40
.s

(i) Total number of vehicles passed between 6.30 to 9.00.

(a) 220 (b) 245 (c) 100 (d) 230
(ii) No. of cars passed between 18.00 to 20.00.
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(a) 110 (b) 90 (c) 65 (d) 80

(iii) State whether the following statement is true or false.
‘The road was less frequented by buses between 10.00 to 12.00’
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(iv) The traffic was very heavy between: Ans

(a) 21.00 to 22.30 (b) 18.00 to 20.00 (i) (b) 245
(c) 13.00 to 15.30 (d) 6.30 to 9.00 (ii) (a) 110
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(v) The road was less frequented by bikes between: (iii) False
(a) 6.30 to 9.00 (b) 10.00 to 12.00 (iv) (b) 18.00 to 20.00
(c) 18.00 to 20.00 (d) 13.00 to 15.30 (v) (b) 10.00 to 12.00



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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English

21. Developing Hints

Exercises

Write a paragraph using any one of the following outlines in about 100 words.

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1. Mobile phone - marvel of modern world - cellular phone - useful - businessmen, professional, tourists -
demerit too - while driving - not to use - aeroplane - petrol bunks - too much use - health hazard - waste
of time - unnecessary SMS - use it properly.

co
Ans Mobile Phone
Mobile phone is a marvel of modern world. It is also called as cellular phone. It is useful
in many ways. We can make calls while on the go, send messages, read emails, etc. So, for the
businessmen, professionals and tourists it is very useful. But there are demerits too. While

s.
driving a vehicle, we should not use it. Many countries ban the use of cell phones in aeroplanes
and petrol bunks. Too much use of the cell phone is certainly a health hazard.The emission of
electromagnetic radiation will harm our brain, heart, lungs. Apart from that, time also will be

ok
wasted by sending unnecessary messages. So we have to use it properly.
“Science is a boon to mankind”
2. Students - take care of health - time - study - get enough sleep - eat healthy food - regular study - avoid last
minute cramming - last minute tension - attention in class - recapitulate it home - drink lot of water.

Padasalai
o
Ans Students and Their Studies
Students should know how to balance their study hours and maintain their health. Adequate
ab

sleep will refresh the mind with a sufficient supply of oxygen. Without healthy food, students will
lack mental stamina, will grow tired easily and even forget whatever they learn. Milk, cereals,
fruits and vegetables are healthier than fast foods.
Regular study hours and revising will save last minute cramming and tensions. Paying
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complete attention in class, clearing all doubts and recapitulation are the best tips to study well.
Drinking sufficient water will keep the skin healthy. Students should take care of their health so
that they can concentrate on their study.

WRITING SKILLS
“A sound body is essential for a sound mind”
.s


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22. Expanding Headlines

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Exercises

Expand the following headlines :

1. (a) PM appeals for peace in the country.
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(b) Committee to monitor new policy on education.

(c) Five teachers selected for Best Teacher award.
(d) India wins 20 medals at Rio Olympics.
(e) NEET rescheduled.

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Sura’s ➠ X Std - Smart English SKILLS

Ans (a) New Delhi, March 10 : The Prime Minister has appealed to the people to maintain peace and
calm in the country.
(b) New Delhi, March 10 : An Indian Education Committee, which has been established last
week, will monitor the new policy on school education.
(c) Chennai, Sept. 01 : Five teachers have been selected for State’s Best Teacher award to be

m
awarded on Teacher’s Day, on 5th September 2017.
(d) Rio de Janeiro, August 21 : India won twenty medals, in total, at Rio olympics in athletics,
badminton, boxing, field hockey, shooting, swimming, tennis and wrestling.

co
(e) Chennai, December 02 : The National Board of Examinations has rescheduled the National
Eligibility cum Entrance Test for Post Graduation - 2017 at Chennai test centres for December
26, 2016.

s.


23. Translation

Translation may be subjected to change in the public exam,

i.e. from Tamil → English (or) English → Tamil ok
Padasalai
o
Exercises
ab

1. You see a notice at the bus terminus. A passenger from Singapore, who cannot read Tamil, needs your help in
understanding the notice. Give him the message in English.
R‰W¥òw¤ij¤ öŒikahf it¤âU§fŸ. rhiyfËš F¥ig k‰W« fÊîfis¡ bfh©L
mR¤j¥gL¤jhÔ®fŸ. v¢áš J¥ghÔ®fŸ.
ur

Ans Keep the surroundings clean. Don’t make the road unclean by dumping rubbish and waste.
Don’t spit.
WRITING SKILLS

2. A foreigner who cannot read Tamil needs your help in understanding the notice below. Give him the
message in English.
.s

njitÆšyhkš ïa§F« Ä‹És¡FfŸ, Ä‹ Éá¿ k‰W« bjhiy¡fh£á¥ bg£ofis

miz¥gj‹ _y« Ä‹rhu¤ij nrÄ¥ngh«. Vbd‹whš Ä‹rhunk, eh£o‹ Mjhu«.
w

Ans Let us save electricity by switching off the electrical lamps, fan and television sets which are
unnecessarily functioning. This is because electricity is nation’s main source of energy.
3. The following is an announcement in Tamil which you hear while on electric train. A foreign co-passenger is
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not able to understand it. Translate it into English for him.

ïªj Ä‹t©o mL¤JtU« ÃW¤j¤âš ïu©L ÃÄl§fŸ TLjyhf ÉF«. gaÂfŸ
Ãjhdkhf ïw§» Vwî«.
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Ans This electric train will halt at the next station for extra two minutes. Passengers are requested
to alight and board with care.



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