MMAN2700
Thermodynamics
Problem Sheet 5: Pure substances
Properties of liquid water: When p > 5 MPa, use compressed liquid tables, otherwise the properties can be
assumed to equal the saturation values at the temperatures of the compressed liquid. Throughout these
examples, the Rogers & Mayhew steam tables are used.
Foundation
1. Determine the values of enthalpy h, specific volume v and quality x of one kilogram of water
contained in a closed system under the following conditions:
a. Saturated liquid at 500 kPa;
b. Saturated vapour at 1 MPa;
c. Wet steam of quality 0.8 and 300 kPa;
d. 200 kPa and 60°C;
e. 500 kPa and 200°C.
2. A 2 m3 tank contains a saturated vapour at 40°C. Determine the pressure and mass in the tank if the
substance is:
a) Steam;
b) Ammonia;
c) Freon 12.
3. Determine the volume occupied by 2 kg of steam at 1000 kPa and 500°C.
4. Determine from the states given below the phase in which the water exists, giving reasons for your
answers where appropriate, and the values of the properties not given (p, T, u, h and x).
a. p = 150 kPa, T = 150°C;
b. p = 300 kPa, v = 0.1 m3/kg;
c. h = 2100 kJ/kg, T = 50°C;
d. p = 200 kPa, T = 220°C;
e. u = 2660 kJ/kg, p = 5 kPa;
f. T = 100°C, x = 0.8
5. Find values of the following properties from the tables:
a. Total enthalpy of 5 kg of steam at 278 K, 70% quality;
b. Specific volume of ammonia at 8°C, quality 0.92;
c. Specific enthalpy of Freon 12 at 491.4 kPa and 30°C;
d. Temperature of ammonia at 857 kPa with h = 1650 kJ/kg;
e. Enthalpy and specific volume of steam at 200°C having a quality of 90%.
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MMAN2700
Thermodynamics
Standard
6. Steam is contained in a piston/cylinder assembly and is initially at 700 kPa and has a density of 2.9
kg/m3. It is compressed at constant pressure until it becomes a saturated vapour.
a. Show the process on a p-v diagram.
b. What are the initial and final temperatures?
c. If the process is quasi- equilibrium, what work is associated with the change?
d. Determine the initial and final internal energies and the heat transferred.
7. A 0.5 m3 tank contains saturated steam at 300 kPa. Heat is transferred until the pressure reaches
100 kPa.
a. Show the process on a p-v diagram.
b. Determine
i. the final temperature;
ii. the final steam quality;
iii. the heat transferred.
8. Steam having a mass of 3 kg and initially at 2.5 MPa and 350°C has 2460 kJ of heat removed at
constant temperature until the quality is 90%.
a. Show the process on a p-V diagram and T-v diagram.
b. Determine the pressure when dry saturated steam exists.
c. Determine the work done during this process.
9. A mass of 2.5 kg of superheated water vapour at 3 MPa and 350°C is mixed adiabatically in a closed
system with 0.8 kg of wet steam with a quality of 40% at 3 MPa. Determine the specific internal
energy of the resulting mixture and define its state.
10. A rigid vessel of 20 litres volume contains water at 90°C with a quality of 50%. The vessel is then
cooled to -10°C. Calculate the heat transferred during the process.
11. 5 kg of water at 15°C is contained in a vertical cylinder by a frictionless piston of a mass such that
the pressure is 700 kPa. Heat is added slowly to the water, causing the piston to rise until it reaches
a stop, at which point the volume inside the cylinder is 0.5 m3. More heat is then transferred to the
water until only saturated vapour exists.
a. Find the final pressure in the cylinder, the work done and the heat transferred during the
process.
b. Show this on a T-v diagram.
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MMAN2700
Thermodynamics
Numerical solutions
1. a. 640 kJ/kg, 0.001093 m3/kg, 0
b. 2778 kJ/kg, 0.1944 m3/kg, 1
c. 2292.2 kJ/kg, 0.4848 m3/kg, 0.8
d. 251.1 kJ/kg, 0.001017 m3/kg, 0
e. 2857 kJ/kg, 0.4252 m3/kg, 1
2. a. 7.38 kPa, 0.102 kg
b. 1.554 MPa, 24.01 kg
c. 960.7 kPa, 109.89 kg
3. 0.708 m3
4.
P (kPa) T (°C) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) x (%)
a. 150 150 2580.1 2772.9 100
b. 300 133.5 885.4 915 16.36
c. 12.33 50 1982.2 2100 79.37
d. 200 220 2685.4 2911 100
e. 5 198.6 2660 2877.2 100
f. 101.3 100 2088.8 2224.5 80
5. 8816.2 kJ, 0.2023 m3/kg, 204.1 kJ/kg, 91.6°C, 2599 kJ/kg, 0.1147 m3/kg
6. 262°C, 165°C, -50.4 kJ/kg, 2739.3 kJ/kg, 2573 kJ/kg, -216.7 kJ/kg
7. 99.6°C, 0.357, -1139 kJ
8. 16.5 MPa, -922.6 kJ
9. 2554 kJ/kg, wet steam
10. -30.2 kJ
11. 1.99 MPa, 346.5 kJ, 13MJ
