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Important Literary Terms in English Literature

The document discusses various literary terms in English literature including literature, prose, poetry, drama, types of novels, plays, and different genres like tragedy, comedy, mystery plays, morality plays. It provides definitions and examples for each term.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3K views20 pages

Important Literary Terms in English Literature

The document discusses various literary terms in English literature including literature, prose, poetry, drama, types of novels, plays, and different genres like tragedy, comedy, mystery plays, morality plays. It provides definitions and examples for each term.

Uploaded by

Sajid Abbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫حيم‬

ِ ‫الر‬
َ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫م‬
َ ‫ح‬
ْ ‫الر‬
َ ِ َ ‫سم ِ الل‬
‫ه‬ ْ ِ‫ب‬

“The most complete gift of God is a life based on knowledge.”

(Imam Ali Ibn-e- Abi Talib A.S)

Some important Literary Terms in English literature


Literature
Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived
from the Latin word literature meaning "writing formed with letters," literature most
commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fction,
nonfction, and in some instances, journalism, and song.

>What are the 4 types of literature?

The four main literary genres are poetry, fction, nonfction, and drama, with each
varying in style, structure, subject matter, and the use of fgurative language.

>What are the branches of literature?

There are basically three branches of Literature: Prose, Poetry, Drama.

>What are examples of literature?

Examples of literary works:

 fction.

 nonfction.

 manuscripts.

 poetry.

 contributions to collective works.

 compilations of data or other literary subject matter.

 dissertations.

 theses.

Prose
Prose is a form of written (or spoken) language that usually exhibits a natural fow of
speech and grammatical structure. The word "prose" frst appears in nnglish in the
14th century.

There are four distinct types of prose that writers use:

 Nonfctional prose. Prose that is a true story or factual account of


events or information is nonfction. ...

 Fictional prose. A literary work of fction. ...

 Heroic prose. ...

 Prose poetry.

>What is an example of a prose?

Textbooks, lectures, novels, short stories, fairy tales, newspaper articles, and essays are
examples of prose.

Short Story
Short story, brief fctional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel and that
usually deals with only a few characters. Such as 'The Painting of the Dog and His
Refection' from 'Aesop's Fables'.

Novel
A fctitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action
with some degree of realism.

Examples of classic novels include: Jane nyre by Charlotte Bronte. Wuthering Heights
by nmily Brontë

>What are types of novels?

Types of novels - next steps

 Mysteries.

 Romance.

 Thrillers.

 Science Fiction.

 Fantasy.

 Historical Fiction.

Play
A play is a piece of writing (literature) which can be seen at a theatre or on television,
or heard on the radio. Plays often show conversations between people.
Play means activity for fun or a dramatic performance. An example of play is building
a house with blocks.

Types of Plays

There are many types of plays such as,

1. Tragedy: These types of plays end on a tragic note and most likely a character’s death.

2. Comedy: These types of plays are meant to amuse the audience, and they end on a
happy note.

3. Domestic Play: These types of plays are based on the normal life of family and friends.

4. Tragicomedy: It is a fictional work comprises of both tragedy as well ascomedy.

5. Melodrama: This type of has often exaggerated characters and episodes with songs
and music for an emotive appeal to the audiences.
Elements of Play

A play has certain elements such as,

1. Plot: It refers to the order of the events that occur in the play.

2. Characters: The characters form a crucial part of the story and are interwoven with
the plot of the play.

3. Dialogue: It refers to the conversation or interactions between the characters in the


play.

4. Setting: It refers to the time and place where a story is set. It is one of the important
parts of the play.

5. Conflict: It refers to the challenge main characters need to solve to achieve their goals.

6. Resolution: It is the unfolding or the solution to a complex issue in a story.

Miracle play
A miracle play presents a real or fctitious account of the life, miracles, or martyrdom
of a saint. Miracle play, also called Saint's Play, one of three principal kinds of
vernacular drama of the nuropean Middle Ages (along with the mystery play and
the morality play).

>What are the characteristics of miracle plays?

A miracle play presents a real or fctitious account of the life, miracles, or


martyrdom of a saint. The genre evolved from liturgical ofces developed during the
10th and 11th centuries to enhance calendar festivals. By the 13th century they had
become vernacularized and flled with un ecclesiastical elements.

>What is an example of a miracle play?

1450, in Yorkshire); the Coventry Plays (1468); and the Chester Plays (1475–1500).
The Passion play is the chief modern example of the miracle play. The French
mystère distinguished those plays containing biblical stories from those about the lives
of the saints.

Morality Play
Morality play, also called morality, an allegorical drama popular in nurope especially
during the 15th and 16th centuries, in which the characters personify moral qualities
(such as charity or vice) or abstractions (as death or youth) and in which moral lessons
are taught.

Characteristics

Morality plays typically contain a protagonist who represents


either humanity as a whole or a smaller social structure.
Supporting charactersare personifcations of good and evil. This
alignment of characters provides the play's audience
with moral guidance.
Example Morality Plays

Only fve nnglish morality plays from the medieval period are
extant: The Castle of Perseverance (c. 1425); Wisdom, (1460–63);
Mankind (c. 1470); nveryman (c. 1495); the fragmentary Pride of
Life (late 14th century).

Mystery play
The mystery plays, usually representing biblical subjects, developed
from plays presented in Latin by churchmen on church premises and depicted such
subjects as the Creation, Adam and nve, the murder of Abel, and the Last Judgment.

>What are the characteristics of a mystery play?


A mystery is a story that has fve basic but important elements. These fve components
are: the characters, the setting, the plot, the problem, and the solution.

>What is an example of a mystery play?

These biblical plays differ widely in content. Most contain episodes such as the Fall of
Lucifer, the Creation and Fall of Man, Cain and Abel, Noah and the Flood, Abraham and
Isaac, the Nativity, the Raising of Lazarus, the Passion, and the Resurrection.

One act Play


A one-act play is a play that has only one act, as distinct from plays that occur over
several acts. One-act plays may consist of one or more scenes.

>What are the elements of one act?

Like all drama, one-act plays are made up of the same elements that are necessary
for short stories: Theme, Plot, Character, and dialogue.

Samuel Beckett's nndgame and Jack Fell Down are examples of


a one-act play.

Drama
Drama is a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and performance. It is one of the
literary genres, which is an imitation of some action. Drama is also a type of a play written for
theatre, television, radio, and film.
>What are the six elements of drama?

The 6 Aristotelean elements are plot, character, thought, diction, spectacle, and
song.

>What are the characteristics of drama in literature?

A drama is a piece of writing, which is artistically presented with dialogues. A drama is


attractive, impactful and real as it presents characters along with a natural and credible
aspects. It is very similar to a short story as it also comprises characters, plot, setting as
well as symbolism.

Types of Drama

 Comedy – Comedies are lighter in tone than ordinary works, and provide a happy
conclusion. The intention of dramatists in comedies is to make their audience
laugh. Hence, they use quaint circumstances, unusual characters, and witty remarks.

Types of Comedy
Black Comedy
A dramatic comedy which is about unpleasant subjects that the audience can fnd upsetting

and shocking. This comedy treats upsetting matters of life with scrutiny, bitterness and

cynicism. Example: Amadeus-Peter Shafer


Burlesque
Dramatic comedy that treats a serious subject in an undignifed way or applies a grand style

to a frivolous subject.

City Comedy
Dramatic comedy about the sexual and fnancial afairs of middle-class characters. Includes

satirical depiction and was common in the seventeenth century in London theatres.
Comedy of Humours
Comedy focused around an individual character or characters overriding traits (humour)

that dominates their personality.

Comedy of Manners
Dramatic comedy that explores the lives and behaviour of the middle and upper class in

society, normally involving moral values.


Commedia Dell' Arte
Italian comedy (involving a group of travelling actors), made up of stock characters that

perform an improvised performance based around a standard plot. Popular between the

sixteenth and eighteenth century.


Farce
A comedy involving a series of comically unimaginable events happening in a fats amount of

time. Commonly contains slapstick and sexual inuendo.

Parody
A literary work or style that is mocked through exaggeration or imitation.

Restoration Comedy
An English dramatic comedy (usually in the form of manners) which dominated the

Restoration Period (1660-1700).


Romantic Comedy
Light-hearted comedies involving young lovers foolish mix ups.
Satire
A way of writing that ridicules institutions, individuals or societies to criticise their errors.
Sentimental Comedy
A more restrained type of comedy where middle-class characters are led astray although

they are inherently good, they overcome moral difculties.

Theatre of the Absurd


Playwrights aimed to portray the futility of decisive actions and the absurdity of human

conditions. 1950 dramatists discrad formal structures and realistic presentation.


Tragicomedy
Plays that combine both elements from Comedy and Tragedy, also associated with the

theatre of the absurd.

 Tragedy – Tragic dramas use darker themes, such as disaster, pain, and
death. Protagonists often have a tragic flaw — a characteristic that leads them to their
downfall.

 Farce – Generally, a farce is a nonsensical genre of drama, which often overacts or


engages slapstick humor.

 Melodrama – Melodrama is an exaggerated drama, which is sensational and appeals


directly to the senses of the audience. Just like the farce, the characters are of a single
dimension and simple, or may be stereotyped.

 Musical Drama – In musical dramas, dramatists not only tell their stories through acting
and dialogue, but through dance as well as music. Often the story may be comedic,
though it may also involve serious subjects.

 Problem play- Type of drama that developed in the 19th century to deal with
controversial social issues in a realistic manner, to expose social ills, and to
stimulate thought and discussion on the part of the audience.

 Interlude - A short dramatic piece, especially of a light or farcical character,


formerly introduced between the parts or acts of miracle and morality plays
or given as part of other entertainments.
Examples of Drama in Literature
 Example #1: Oedipus Rex (By Sophocles) Tragedy: Sophocles' mythical
and immortal drama Oedipus Rex is thought to be his best classical
tragedy. ...

 Example #2: The Importance of Being narnest (By Oscar Wilde)


Farce: ...

 Example #3: The Heiress (By Henry James) Melodrama.

Poem
A poem is a piece of writing in which the words are chosen for their beauty and
sound and are carefully arranged, often in short lines which rhyme.
Synonyms: verse, song, lyric, rhyme.

>What is the best defnition of a two voice poem?


A poem in two voices is a dialogue between twoentities (nouns) — people, places,
things, or ideas — that presents two different points of view. ... This poem is meant to
be performed by twopeople before an audience, and often may sound like a dialogue
between them.

Song
A short poem or other set of words set to music or meant to be sung.

An example of songs are "Silent Night," "Unchained Melody" and "I Can't Help Falling
in Love with You."

Poetry
Writing that formulates a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience in
language chosen and arranged to create a specifc emotional response through
meaning, sound, and rhythm.
>What are the 10 features of poetry?

Features of poetry

 Figures of Speech. Figures of speech, or fgurative language, are ways


of describing or explaining things in a non-literal or non-traditional way. …

 Descriptive Imagery. Imagery is something concrete, like a sight, smell


or taste. …

 Punctuation and Format. …


 Sound and Tone. …

 Choice of Meter.

>What are the 5 characteristics of poetry?


Terms in this set (5)

 Rhyme. * Some poems use rhyming words to create a certain effect. ...

 Rhythm. * Sometimes poets use repetition of sounds or patterns to


create a musical effect in their poems. ...

 Figurative Language. * Figurative language is often found in poetry. ...

 Shape. ...

 Mood.

>What is the most important element of poetry?

The structure and form of poetry are two important elements of poetry.

>What are two lines of poetry called?

A couplet is a pair of successive lines of metre in poetry. A couplet usually consists


of two successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre.

>What is a 30 line poem called?

A tercet is a stanza of poetry with three lines; it can be a single-stanza poem or it


can be a verse embedded in a larger poem.

>What is rhyming poetry called?

A rhymed poem is a work of poetry that contains rhyming vowel sounds at


particular moments. (Common vowel sounds are also known as “assonance”—not to
be confused with “consonance” which refers to common consonant sounds.)

>What are the rules for writing poetry?

11 Rules for Writing Good Poetry

 Read a lot of poetry. If you want to write poetry, start by


reading poetry. ...

 Listen to live poetry recitations. ...

 Start small. ...


 Don't obsess over your frst line. ...

 nmbrace tools. ...

 nnhance the poetic form with literary devices. ...

 Try telling a story with your poem. ...

 nxpress big ideas.

>What are the 7 literary devices?

Each section has literary devices examples, exercises, and an analysis of its
role in literature.

 Metaphor. Metaphors, also known as direct comparisons, are one of the


most common literary devices. ...

 Simile. ...

 Imagery. ...

 Symbolism. ...

 Personifcation. ...

 Hyperbole. ...

 Irony. ...

 Juxtaposition.

>What are 5 line poems called?

 A quintain (also known as a quintet) is any poetic form or stanza that


contains fve lines.

>What is a 7 line poem called?

Septet

 A 7-line poem is called a Septet. It can also be known as a Rhyme


Royal.

>What is a 6 line poem called?


 Sestet. A six-line stanza, or the fnal six lines of a 14-line Italian or Petrarchan
sonnet. A sestet refers only to the fnal portion of a sonnet, otherwise the six-
line stanza is known as a sexain.

>What is a poem with 2 stanzas called?

 poem or stanza with one line is called a monostich, one with two lines is a
couplet; with three, tercet or triplet; four, quatrain.

>What is diference between poem and poetry?

● Poetry is the use of words and language to evoke a writer's feelings and thoughts,
while a poem is the arrangement of these words. ...Poetry is the process of creating
a literary piece using metaphor, symbols and ambiguity, while a poem is the end
result of this process.

Elegy
An elegy is a form of poetry that typically refects on death or loss.

Characteristics

 It is a type of lyric & focuses on expressing emotions or thoughts.

 It uses formal language & structure.

 It may mourn the passing of life & beauty or someone dear to the
speaker.

 It may explore questions about nature of life & death or immorality of


soul.

 It may express the speaker's anger about death.

For example, Walt Whitman's elegy “O Captain! ... My Captain!”


memorialized President Abraham Lincoln shortly after his assassination: O
Captain!

Ballad
A ballad is a poem that tells a story, usually (but not always) in four-line stanzas called
quatrains. ... In popular music, the word ballad can also refer to a slow, romantic, or
sentimental song. However, this has no signifcant relationship to the literary defnition.

Characteristics of a Ballad

 It is a song that tells a story.


 The beginning is often surprising.

 Its language is simple.

 It concentrates on a single episode.

 The theme is often tragic & sad.

 The story is told through dialogue & action.

 It lacks specifc detail.

 It has a surprising ending.

Example of Ballad

 Ballad of the Gibbet by Francois Villon. ...

 Ballad of the Cool Fountain by ndwin Honig. ...

 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. ...

 The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats. ...

 La Belle Dame Sans Merci by John Keats. ...

 Annabel Lee by ndgar Allan Poe.

Epic
The defnition of epic is something that refers to a heroic story or something that is
heroic or grand. An example of epic is a big production movie with story sequels such
as the Star Wars series. ... An example of epic is Milton's Paradise Lost.

>What are the characteristics of epic literature?

Epics have seven main characteristics:

 The hero is outstanding. ...

 The setting is large. ...

 The action is made of deeds of great valour or requiring superhuman


courage.

 Supernatural forces—gods, angels, demons—insert themselves in the


action.

 It is written in a very special style (verse as opposed to prose).

>What are the 6 elements of an epic?

Six Elements Of The Epic:


 Plot centres around a Hero of Unbelievable Stature. ...

 Involves deeds of superhuman strength and valor. ...

 Vast Setting. ...

 Involves supernatural and-or otherworldly forces. ...

 Sustained elevation of style. ...

 Poet remains objective and omniscient.

>What are the three types of epic?

In art epic, the poet invents the story, while the folk epic is the product of the
mythology of the locality. The folk epic is basically in oral form, while the art or
literary epic is in written form. The author of the literary epic is a well-known
personality, while the author of the folk epic may be a common man.

Here are some examples of some of history's greatest literary epics.

○ Perhaps the most widely known epic poems are Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey,
both of which detail the events of the Trojan War and King Odysseus's journey home
from Troy. ...

○ The Mahābhārata is an ancient Indian epic composed in Sanskrit.

Sonnet
>What is a sonnet simple defnition?

A sonnet (pronounced son-it) is a fourteen line poem with a fxed rhyme scheme.
Often, sonnets use iambic pentameter: fve sets of unstressed syllables followed by
stressed syllables for a ten-syllable line.

>What are the types of sonnet in literature?

There are 4 primary types of sonnets:

 Petrarchan.

 Shakespearean.

 Spenserian.

 Miltonic.

>What are the four elements of a sonnet?

First quatrain: This should establish the subject of the sonnet. Second quatrain: This
should develop the sonnet's theme. Third quatrain: This should round off
the sonnet's theme. Fourth quatrain: This should act as a conclusion to the sonnet.
>Who is the father of sonnet?

Petrarch
Petrarch, Father of the Sonnet | Folger Shakespeare Library.

>What are the last two lines of a sonnet called?

The fourth, and fnal part of the sonnet is two lines long and is called the couplet.
The couplet is rhymed CC, meaning the last two lines rhyme with each other.

>How many types of Sonnet are there in English literature?

The Main Types of Sonnet. In the English-speaking world, we usually refer to three
discrete types of sonnet: the Petrarchan, the Shakespearean, and the Spenserian.
All of these maintain the features outlined above - fourteen lines, a volta, iambic
pentameter - and they all three are written in sequences.

>Why are the last two lines of a sonnet important?

So in a Shakespearean sonnet, the signifcance of the fnal two lines is that they
markedly illustrate a shift in the author's thought.

>What is an example of sonnet?

"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summers' Day?" by William Shakespeare


(Shakespearean Sonnet) Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

♡ Who is the father of English literature?

Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer. He was born in London sometime between 1340 and 1344. He was
an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat (courtier), and diplomat. He is also
referred to as the father of English Literature.

Ode
An ode is a kind of poem, usually praising something.
>What are the 3 types of odes?

There are three main types of odes:

 Pindaric ode. Pindaric odes are named for the ancient Greek poet
Pindar, who lived during the 5th century BC and is often credited with creating
the ode poetic form. ...

 Horatian ode. ...

 Irregular ode.
>What are characteristics of an ode?

The Ode is usually a lyric poem of moderate length. It has a serious subject. It has an
elevated style (word choice, etc.). It usually has an elaborate stanza pattern.

>What are some examples of odes?

For example, "Ode on a Grecian Urn" by John Keats was written based on his
experiments with the sonnet. Other well-known odes include Percy Bysshe Shelley's
"Ode to the West Wind," Robert Creeley's "America," Bernadette Mayer's "Ode on
Periods," and Robert Lowell's "Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket."

Pastoral poetry
A pastoral poem explores the fantasy of withdrawing from modern life to live in an
idyllic rural setting.

There are four notable sub-genres of the pastoral poem.

 The country house poem. In the seventeenth century, Ben Jonson's “To
Penshurst” exemplifed the country house poem. ...

 The pastoral elegy. ...

 Pastoral romance. ...

 Pastoral drama.

>What is a pastoral poem example?

Pastoral poetry is much like it sounds. It ispoetry that has to do with pastures. ...
Some notable examples of pastoral poems include The Passionate Shepherd to His
Love by Christopher Marlowe, A Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd by Sir Walter Raleigh,
and The Bait by John Donne.

Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and
intellectual movement that originated in nurope towards the end of the 18th century,
and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.
>What are the features of romanticism?

10 Key Characteristics of Romanticism in Literature

 Glorifcation of Nature. ...


 Awareness and Acceptance of nmotions. ...

 Celebration of Artistic Creativity and Imagination. ...

 nmphasis on Aesthetic Beauty. ...

 Themes of Solitude. ...

 Focus on nxoticism and History. ...

 Spiritual and Supernatural Elements. ...

 Vivid Sensory Descriptions.

>What are the 5 characteristics of romanticism?

What are the 5 characteristics of romanticism?

 Interest in the common man and childhood.

 Strong senses, emotions, and feelings.

 Awe of nature.

 Celebration of the individual.

 Importance of imagination.

What are the characteristics of American romanticism?

American Romanticism Characteristics

 The Novel. ...

 Symbolism. ...

 Formal nxperimentation. ...

 Nature. ...

 Individualism. ...

 nmotion. ...

 Imagination. ...

 The American Revolution.

>What are the major themes of romanticism?

Key themes of the Romantic Period

 Revolution, democracy, and republicanism. ...


 The Sublime and Transcendence. ...

 The power of the imagination, genius, and the source of inspiration. ...

 Proto-psychology & extreme mental states. ...

 Nature and the Natural.

>What is romanticism explain with two examples?

A cultural movement that sought to develop a particular form of nationalist


sentiment is known as Romanticism. ... Music, art, poetry, stories, every form of
art contributed to express Romanticism nationalism.

>What are the 7 types of love?

The 7 Kinds of Love

 Ludus – Playful Love. Playful love is known as Ludus. ...

 Philia – Friendship Love. Philia is the deep and wholesome love you feel
towards your friends, colleagues or team mates. ...

 Storge- Maternal Love. ...

 Pragma – Long-lasting Love. ...

 Philautia – Self Love. ...

 Agape – Universal Love.

>What are examples of romanticism?

Some examples of romanticism include:

 the publication Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge.

 the composition Hymns to the Night by Novalis.

 poetry by William Blake.

 poetry by Robert Burns.

 Rousseau's philosophical writings.

 "Song of Myself" by Walt Whitman.

 the poetry of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Neo- classicism
Neoclassicism is the term for movements in the arts that draw inspiration from the
classical art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. The height
of Neoclassicism coincided with the 18th century nnlightenment era and continued
into the early 19th century.
>What was the importance of neoclassicism?

Neoclassicism was also an important movement in America. The United States


modeled itself on the ancient civilizations of Rome and Greece, both architecturally and
politically. Neoclassical ideals fowed freely in the newly formed republic, and
classically inspired buildings and monuments were erected.

>What are the unique characteristics of Neoclassical art?

Characteristics of Neoclassical art included a more clean style, sculpted forms, a


shallow depth of background and a more realistic approach. Neo classical
art focused more on what was real, rather than idea's like religion that art had
revolved around for decades before.

Classicism
Classicism is an aesthetic attitude dependent on principles based in the culture, art
and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, with the emphasis on form, simplicity,
proportion, clarity of structure, perfection, restrained emotion, as well as explicit appeal
to the intellect.
>What is classicism literature?

Literary classicism refers to a style of writing that consciously emulates the forms and
subject matter of classical antiquity.

>Why is classicism important?

Classicism asserts the importance of wholeness and unity; the work of art coheres
without extraneous elements or open-ended conclusions. Both ancient Greek and
ancient Roman writers stressed restraint and restricted scope, reason refected in
theme and structure, and a unity of purpose and design.

>What are the main characteristics of classical period?

The Classical period

 an emphasis on elegance and balance.

 short well-balanced melodies and clear-cut question and answer


phrases.
 mainly simple diatonic harmony.

 mainly homophonic textures (melody plus accompaniment) but with


some use of counterpoint (where two or more melodic lines are combined)

 use of contrasting moods.

>What are some examples of classical art?

Examples of classical art include: For sculpture, the Discobolus and the Riace
Bronzes.

>What is diference between classicism and romanticism?

Classicism follow the three unities of time, place and action. Romanticism only
follows the unity of action, but does not follow the unities of time,
place. Classicism uses strict, rigid and logical diction and
theme. Romanticism uses simple diction of common men from their everyday
life.

Feminism
The concept of feminism was defned as the concern with gender equality and
the promotion of equal rights for men and woman, the expression of these
concerns through theory or action, and the valuing of individuals for their
contributions to society rather than their biological or sexual characteristics or
roles.

An example of frst wave feminist literary analysis would be


a critique of William Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew for
Petruchio's abuse of Katherina.
>What are the 3 types of feminism?

Three main types of feminism emerged: mainstream/liberal, radical, and cultural.

Realism
Literary realism seeks to tell a story as truthfully as possible instead of
dramatizing or romanticizing it. An example of realism is the rejection of
mythical beings.

Naturalism
In naturalism work, the characters might be controlled by their environment or
fght for their survival. A great example of naturalism is John Steinbeck's The
Grapes of Wrath. In the beginning, the Joad family are instinctive animals just
trying to survive against the powerful forces of society and nature.
Socialism
A system of society or group living in which there is no private property. According
to the socialist view, individuals do not live or work in isolation but live in
cooperation with one another. The former Soviet Union is an example of a
socialist system.

. Jon Abbas Kharal


B.S English ♤ 2nd Semester ♤
Roll # 10
Government Graduate College Karor Lal Eason
Date : 26 June 2021 ( Saturday )

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