MAPEH REVIEWER

-MUSIC
 INDIAN MUSIC
- India, is known as the “Land of spirituality and philosophies”
- Is the birthplace of some major religion. That exist in the world,
like Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism
 INDIAN MUSIC ELEMENTS
- The elements of Indian Music traditions are very distinct compared
with other countries music.
1. Raga – means “to please”, is based on traditional melodic patterns of
five to nine tones
2. Tala – which means to “clap’ or “rhythm” is the arrangement of heat
patterns arranged in groups
 TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS
 AEROPHONES (blowing)
o SHEHNAI – made of wood with metal flare bell
o BANSURI – this plays the melody part
 CHORDOPHONE (plucking)
o TANPURA – this is the four-or five string-long necked lute
instrument that provide the melody and the drone affect that
presents the music to its tonic or home keytone.
o SITAR – a plucked lute instruments with adjustable metal frets
o REBAB – a thin-necked string instruments
o VEENA OR VINA – has three melodic strings
 IDIOPHONE (shaking)
o JAL TARANG – this consists of a set of tuned ceramic bowls
 MEMBRANOPHONE (hitting)
 o TABLA – a two-drum instrument; one drum is tuned to the
tonic or key tone while the other creates a variety of tones
and timbres.
o MRI DANGAM – this is a two – headed drum laid across the
lap of the player.

-ARTS
 BHAKTI – means portion or share. It came from the root word
bhaji means “to partake in” or “to receive one’s share”
 TERRACOTTA – a typical brownish-red gather where, use
mainly as an ornamental building material and in modeling
 BUDDHA – means “the enlightened one”
 BUDDHISM – a religion that follows the teaching of Siddhartha
Gautama

 FOUR NOBEL TRUTHS

- SUFFERING
- CAUSATION
- CESSATION
- EIGHTFOLD PATH
 NOBEL EIGHTFOLD PATH (night way of living)
- Right understanding
- Right thought
- Right speech
- Right action
- Right effort
- Right livelihood
- Right concentration
- Right mindfulness
  STUPA – a dome – shape structure erected as a Buddhist shrine
 GUPTA PERIOD – is an ancient Indian empire founded by mahara
sri gupta.
 CHALUKYA – is an Indian royal dynasty that rule large parts of
southern and central indian. (6th and 12th centuries)
 RASHTRAKUTA – this is a royal dynasty ruling large parts of the
india subcontinent (6th and 10th centuries)
 PALLAVA DYNASTY – this has existed between the 3rd and 9th
centuries.
 CHOLA DYNASTY – longest-ruling dynasties in the history of
southern India
 PANTHEON – all gods of a particular polytheistic religion,
mythology, or tradition
 HINDUISM – one of the world’s oldest religion.
- The world “HINDU” comes from the name of the river Indus.
1.)DEEPAVALI or DIWALI – an ancient Hindus festival celebrated
in autumn (northern hemisphere) or spring (southern hemisphere)
2.)RANGOLI – also known as KOLAM or MUGGU.
3.)KATHAK – known as one of the ten forms of indian dances.
ARTS OF MEHNDI
- Mehndi came from the Sanskrit word the connotes the plant
henna
- MEHNDI ARTS AND ITS MEANING:
o PALM – invokes image of opening and suffering (usually sun flower
or mandaya)
o BACK OF HAND – acts as shield-closing, depending, clensing,
symbolizing protection
o RIGHT HAND – male projective
o LEFT HAND – female receptive
o FEET – recognized as a point of divine contact, considered holy
junction of the human being and earth meet.

-P.E
VOLLEYBAL
 THE BALL – Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB)
regulations state that the standard volleyball must be spherical,
made of either leather or synthetic leather, has a circumference of
65-67cm, a weight of 260-280g, and an inside pressure of 0.30-
0.325kg/cm.

 BENEFITS OF VOLLEYBALL:
 Improves self-confidence, self-esteem, and body image
 Develops interpersonal skills-cooperative team work
 Helps muscular development, cardiovascular health, and
balance
 Helps develop hand-eye coordination and faster reflexes

 SERVE – A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball in
an attempt to drive It into the opponent’s court.
 UNDERHAND – the player strikes the ball below the waist
instead of tossing it up and striking It with an overhand
throwing motion.
 TOPSPIN – the player tosses the ball high and hits it with a
wrist span, giving it a topspin that causes it to drop faster that
it would otherwise. It helps a maintain straight flight path.
 FLOAT – the ball is hit with no spin so that its path become
unpredictable.
  JUMP SERVE – an overhand serve where the ball is first
tossed high in the air, then the player makes a timed approach
and jumps to make contact with the ball, hitting it with
topspin.
 JUMP FLOAT – an overhand serve where the ball is tossed
high enough that the player may jump before hitting it similar
to a standing float serve.

 PASS – also called reception, is the attempt of a team to properly

handle the opponent’s serve or any form of attack.
 UNDERARM PASS OR BUMP – it is when the ball touches
the inside part of the joined forearms or platform, at waist
line.
 OVERHAND PASS – it is when the ball is handled with the
fingertips, like a set, above the head.
 SET – is usually the second contact that a team makes with the
ball.
 ATTACK – also known as the spike, is usually the third contact a
player makes with the ball.
 BLOCK – blocking refers to the actions taken by the players
standing at the net to stop or alter an opponent’s attack.
 OFFENSIVE BLOCK - this is performed by jumping and
reaching to penetrate with one’s arms and hands over the net
into the opponent’s area.
 DEFENSIVE OR SOFT BLOCK – the goal of this is to
control and deflect the hard-driven ball up so that it slows
down and becomes easier to the defended.
DIG – Digging is the ability to prevent the ball from touching one’s
court after a spike or attack, particularly a ball that is nearly touching the
ground.

-HEALTH
 STAGES OF INFECTION – when a disease causing organism
enters the body and starts to multiply an infection may occur: it
often causes signs and symptoms. Such as swelling, redness, pain,
coughing, diarrhea, etc.
 4 STAGES INVOLVED IN HUMAN’S RESPONSE TO A
PATHOGEN (INFECTION AGENTS):
1. INCUBATION PERIOD – THE SILENT STAGE WHEN THE
PATHOGEN HAS GAINED ENTRY INTO THE HOST AND
STARTS REPLICATING.
2. PRODORMAL STAGE – CAME FROM THE ONSET OF
THE NONSPECIFIC SYMPTOMS UNTIL SYMPTOMS
BEGIN TO MANIFEST
3. ILLNESS STAGE – WHEN THE PATIENT HAS SPECIFIC
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF AN INFECTIOUS PROCESS.
4. CANVALESCENE STAGE – STARTS WHEN THE ACUTE
SYMPTOMS DISSAPEAR UNTIL THE PATIENTS RETURN
TO THE NORMAL STATE OF HEALTH
 CHAIN OF INFECTION – way of gathering information needed
to interrupt or prevent an epidemic
 LINK IN THE CHAIN
A. INFECTIOUS AGENT – organism that causes infection such as
bacteria, virus, protist, parasites, or fungi
 B. THE RESERVOIR – any place where an infectious agent, can
survive, grew or multiply. Can be environment, the hospital
setting, the water supply or living organism
C. PORTAL OF EXIT – path for micro-organism to leave\escape
from the host
D. PORTAL OF ENTRY – path for the infectious agent\micro-
organism to enter another host
E. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST – most common vulnerable population\
host are the very young old and the immune suppressed dive,
long genetics, transparent, drugs, malnutrition or viral infection
like HIV
 THREE LEVELS OF PREVENTIONS
1. PRIMARY PREVENTION – use before the persons gate the
disease, primary prevention aims to prevent the disease from
occurring
2. SECONDARY PREVENTION – used after the disease
insecured but the persons notice that anything is wrong
3. TERTIARY PREVETION – targets the person who already has
symptoms of the disease