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Model Designer Magazine Archive

Cultivator? You are welcome!

In Latin, the word "cultivation" means "processing," "cultivation." If we explain in more detail, it is the process of loosening the previously treated
soil with the simultaneous prudence of the root system of weeds.

But cultivation is not only important for weed control. Loosening improves the air and water regimes of the soil, which, in turn, strengthens the
activity of soil microorganisms, creates conditions for friendly germination of seeds of cultural plants.

We offer four simple constructions of hand cultivators, which will facilitate preparatory work in the state farm or collective farm garden, greenhouse,
on a school or homestead.

Look at Figure 1. Such cultivator is most convenient to use in the greenhouse, in the garden, in the garden - wherever it is difficult to turn around
with great equipment. The grip of his working body is only 200 mm. The handle is a pipe with a diameter of about 24 mm, its length is chosen by
height. At the bottom end of the handle is inserted into a massive wooden axis, to it attached other details of the cultivator and working body. The
axis is raised above the surface of the soil and rests on two wheels of 200 mm, carved from a metal sheet 3 mm thick. The wheels are fastened
with two M10 studs and four nuts.

A working organ or knife is a 3 mm thick steel plate, bent in the form of the letter P with a wide horizontal part. It is planted freely, but the two pins
inserted into the axis limit its deviations from the vertical to 20 . The knife is sharply sharpened on both sides.

Using the cultivator should be so. Put the tool on the ground. With force press on the handle and pull the cultivator first on itself, while the knife is
buried in the soil for 30-40 mm; then from himself - the knife will remain at the same depth, but will turn the other way. In this position, it will
prune the surface layer of the soil together with the root system of weeds.

Figure 2 shows a jagged cultivator. With its help, the surface layer of the soil is treated a little differently: teeth are plunged into the ground and
turn the clumps. So they prune the roots of weeds and at the same time loosen, saturating the soil with air.
The cultivator consists of five heavy steel pancakes, three of which are equipped with curved teeth. The pancakes are worn on a steel axis of 16
mm and 320 mm long. At the ends of the axis are the sleeves - slip bearings, pressed into the herons. To the protruding ends of the herpf attached
steel staples, converging on the handle.

Steel pancakes and axis sharpen on the turning machine. In the side surfaces of three of them drill on five radially located blank holes-nests of 10.1
mm. Make the teeth out of a steel rod of 10 mm and insert into the sockets. Then drill through holes of 5.1 mm under five-millimeter rivets. Scatter
them so that the heads of the rivet were flush.

Collecting pancakes, put them on the axis, then install the washers, herons with bearings and nuts. Protrude the ends of the nuts.

In Figure 3, you see a disk cultivator. They break large clumps of soil, harrow and at the same time level the surface of the site.

The basis of the cultivator - spherical discs, welded in pairs to the sleeves worn on the axis. The ends of the axes are fixed with spools in large and
small staples.

In the center of the large staple is a ledge, through which the pipe of the X 30 X 2 mm with a T-shaped crossbar and handles at the end is passed.
The small bracket is stocked with a stock of 24 X 2 mm and a length of 250 mm. It is screwed with a rod of 16 mm, the end of which, equipped
with a nut-bar M16, protrudes over the crossbar.

The most time-consuming in the manufacture of discs. They need to be forged from flat steel blanks of 220 mm and 4 mm thick. In order for the
discs to be spherical, it is necessary to use a hammer with a semicircular head, short but strong blows, starting from the center and on, moving on
a spiral, "stretch" the metal on the anvil. The blanks will acquire a spherical surface. The work is considered complete if the depth of the formed
bowls becomes about 30 mm. It remains to sharpen their edges on the sandpaper, and the central holes to drill up to 20 mm.

While the angle of the disks in relation and the direction of the movement of the cultivator can be changed with the help of a nut-lamb on the
crossbar. By rotating it in the direction of the clockwise, the stage pulls up. The large bracket will bend slightly, like a plate spring, and the angle of
the disk installation will change.

Figure 4 shows another cultivator. Its main details: wheel, axis, two tubular handles with a strut, brackets attaching interchangeable soil-processing
guns.

The wheel consists of a rim (steel strip 40 mm wide and 4 mm thick), four spokes made of a rod of 8 mm and a hub with a hole under the axis of
18 mm. The spokes are connected to the machine, and on the rim are riveted. If you can't make such a wheel yourself, use a ready-made one, for
example, from a pram or bicycle.

The diameter of the tubular handles is 22-30 mm. To the lower ends of them weld the joint sleeves with the axis. Instead of sleeves, you can flatten
the ends of the pipes at a length of 60-70 mm and drill the holes of 14 mm under the axis.

Bend the strut from the same pipe and connect with the handles four M8 bolts. To make it easier to use the cultivator, put on a strut rubber hose,
and on the handles wind an insulated electrical wire.

The interchangeable gear brackets are made of steel beam with a 15 x 25 mm section. Weld steel sleeves with a hole under the holding of
interchangeable guns.

Replacement guns - arrow paws with a width of 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 mm and a jagged ripper. They are set according to the type of agricultural
work, the hardness of the soil and the size of the aisles.

V. FROLOV, Engineer

Рис. 1. Ножевой культиватор: 1 - ручка, 2 - ось, 3 - левое колесо, 4 - шпилька, 5 - нож, 6 - штифты-ограничители; А - заглубление ножа
(левое колесо условно снято), Б - рабочий ход.

Рис. 2. Зубчатый культиватор: 1 - «блины», 2 - зубья, 3 - ось, 4 - цапфа, 5 - скоба, 8 - ручка.

Рис. 3. Дисковый культиватор: 1 - диск. 2 - ось, 3 - втулка, 4 - большая скоба, 5 - малая скоба, 6 - шток. 7 - труба, 8 - перекладина с
ручками.

Рис. 4. Культиватор-окучник: 1 - колесо, 2 - ось. 3 - стрельчатая лапа, 4. 5 - кронштейны крепления сменных орудий. 6 - трубчатые
ручки, 7 - распорка, 8 - зубчатый рыхлитель, 9 - заготовка, 10 - готовая стрельчатая лапа.

Чертежи для печати

Источник: "Моделист-Конструктор" 1985, №4

OCR: mkmagazin.almanacwhf.ru
Новости Партнеров

Вот, Пожилым Рак боится Эта вещь Каких Три 2 фрукта, Идеал
оказывается, людям этого мешает женщин напитка, которые женской
из-за чего ты нельзя есть продукта тебе обожают и которые медленно фигуры
не эти 4 как огня. выспаться. боготворят нельзя пить тебя глазами
высыпаешься. продукта: Кушай его Убери ее из мужчины: 5 людям за 60 убивают. мужчины.
Срочно убери они ежедневно спальни примет Исключи их Неожиданно
эту вещь медленно
убивают
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