CBSE Board Class 10 Chapter 4- Quadratic Equations

Objective Questions

Introduction to Quadratic Equations

1. What is the degree of a quadratic equation?

(A) 0
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 1

Answer: (B) 2
Solution: The standard form of quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0. So
the degree of a quadratic equation is 2

2. Find the sum of the roots of the equation x2–8x+2=0

(A) 8
(B) -8
(C) 2
(D) -6

Answer: (A) 8

Solution: For general quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0.

Sum of the roots=−b/a
For x2–8x+2=0
Sum of the roots = − (−8/1) =8

Sum of the roots of the equation is 8

3. Which of the following is not quadratic equation?

(A) x(2x + 3) = x2+ 1

(B) x(x + 1) + 8 = (x + 2) (x – 2)
(C) (x+2)3=x3-4
(D) (x–2)2+ 1 = 2x -3

Answer: (B) x(x + 1) + 8 = (x + 2) (x – 2)

https://byjus.com
Solution: (a) (x−2)2+ 1 = (2x – 3)

x2 – 4x + 4 + 1 = 2x - 3

x2 – 4x + 4 + 1 - 2x + 3 = 0

x2 – 6x + 8 = 0

This is a quadratic equation.

(b) (x+2)3= x3 – 4

x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 = x3 – 4

6x2 + 12x + 12 = 0

This is a quadratic equation.

(c) x(2x + 3) = x2 + 1

2x2 + 3x = x2+1

x2 +3x -1 = 0

This is a quadratic equation.

(d) x(x + 1) + 8 = (x + 2) (x – 2)

x2 + x + 8 = x2 – 4

x+12 = 0

This is not a Quadratic equation.

4. If the sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is 5 and the product of the
roots is also 5, then the equation is

(A) x2+10x+5=0
(B) x2–5x+5=0
(C) x2+5x–5=0
(D) x2–5x+10=0

Answer: (B) x2–5x+5=0

https://byjus.com
Solution: For a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0,

sum of roots = −ba

product of roots = ca.

sum of roots =5 = −ba

product of roots = 5 = ca,

Thus, quadratic equation is x2−5x+5=0

5. A rectangular field has an area of 3 sq. units. The length is one more than
twice the breadth ‘x’. Frame an equation to represent this.

(A) x2 – 2x+6=0
(B) x2 – 2x+3=0
(C) 2x2+x−3=0
(D) 2x2+x−6=0

Answer: (C) 2x2+x−3=0

Solution: Area of rectangle = length×breadth

Given, length = (2×breadth + 1)

Let the breadth of the field be x.

Length of the field = 2x+1

Area of the rectangular field = x (2x+1) =3

2x2+x=3

2x2+x−3=0

https://byjus.com
Solving QE by factorisation

6. The roots of the quadratic equation x2+5x-14=0 is

(A) 2, 7
(B) -2, 7
(C) -2, -7
(D) 2, -7

Answer: (D) 2, -7

Solutions: x2+5x-14=0

We need to split the coefficient of x such that the sum

of the factors is 5 and their product is -14.

So we will find the coefficient as 7 and -2.

The sum of 7 and -2 is 5 and product is -14.

So now re-write the equation

x2+7x-2x-14=0

Taking common terms out

x(x+7)-2(x+7) =0

Again taking out the common terms

(x-2)(x+7)=0

Now equate the factors to zero to find the roots.

So the roots of the equation are 2,-7

7. Factorize x2 +5x+6 =0

(A) (x-1)(x-3)
(B) (x+1)(x+3)
(C) (x-2)(x-3)
(D) (x+2)(x+3)

https://byjus.com
Answer: (D) (x+2) (x+3)

Solution: Comparing x2 +5x+6 =0 to ax2 + bx+ c = 0, we have a=1, b=5 and c=6

Now, we need to find two numbers whose product is 6 and whose sum is 5

Pairs of numbers whose product is 6

1, 6

-1,-6

2, 3

-2,-3

Of these pairs, the pair that gives the sum 5 is the third pair

Identifying the pair, we rewrite the given quadratic equation as

x2 +5x+6= x2 +2x+3x+6 = x(x+2) +3(x+2)

= (x+2) (x+3)

8. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13
cm, find the other two sides (in cm).

(A) 12, 5
(B) 7,2
(C) 5,3
(D) 2,5

Answer: (A) 12, 5

Solutions:

https://byjus.com
 Let the base = x cm

Given that the altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base

Altitude is = x - 7 cm

Given that hypotenuse = 13cm

Applying Pythagoras theorem,

base2+ altitude2 = hypotenuse2

Substituting the values, we get

⇒ x2 + (x−7)2 = 132

⇒ x2 + x2 + 49 – 14x = 169

⇒ 2x2 – 14x + 49 – 169 = 0

⇒ 2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0

Dividing with 2 on both sides the above equation simplifies to

⇒ x2 – 7 x – 60 = 0

⇒ x2 – 12 x + 5 x – 60 = 0

⇒ x (x – 12) + 5 ( x – 12) = 0

⇒ (x – 12) (x + 5) = 0

⇒ x – 12 = 0 or x + 5 = 0

⇒ x = 12 or x = –5

https://byjus.com
Length cannot be negative so x cannot be equal to – 5

base x = 12cm; altitude = 12 – 7 = 5cm

9. If a train travelled 5 km/hr faster, it would take one hour less to travel 210 km.
The speed of the train is :

(A) 60 km/hr
(B) 70 km/hr
(C) 35 km/hr
(D) 30 km/hr

Answer: (D) 30 km/hr

Solution: Let the speed of the train be x km/hr.

Distance travelled = 210 km

Time taken to travel 210 km = 210/x hours

When the speed is increased by 5 km/h, the new speed is (x+5)

Time taken to travel 210 km with the new speed is 210 / (x+5) hours

According to the question,

210/x−210/(x+5)=1
⇒210(x+5)−210x=x(x+5)
⇒210x+1050−210x=x2+5x
⇒x2+5x−1050=0
⇒(x+35)(x−30)=0
⇒x= −35, 30

The speed cannot be negative. Thus, the speed of the train is 30 km/hr

10. If the solutions of the equation x2+3x−18=0 are -6, 3 then the roots of the
equation 2(x2+3x−18)=0 are

(A) 3, 3
(B) -6, 3
(C) -12, 6
(D) -6, 6

https://byjus.com
Answer: (B) -6, 3

Solution: The roots of a quadratic equation do not change when it is multiplied by a constant
non-zero real number. So when the equation x2+3x−18=0 is multiplied by 2, the roots still remain
the same i.e. -6, 3.

Solving QE by completing square

11. The square of (5x + 1) is equal to 16. What isx?

(A) x = 4, ¼
(B) x =- 1,3/5
(C) x = 1,3/2
(D) x= -1, 4/5

Answer: (B) x =- 1, 3/5

Solution: Converting statement into an equation-

⇒ (5x+1)2 =16 (Applying (a+b)2 formula)

⇒5x + 1 = ± 4(Taking square root on both sides)

⇒5x = -5, 3

⇒x=−1, 3/5

12. Using the method of completion of squares find one of the roots of the
equation 2x2−7x+3=0. Also, find the equation obtained after completion of the
square.

(A) 6, (x−7/4)2−25/16=0
(B) 3, (x−7/4)2−25/16=0
(C) 3, (x−7/2)2−25/16=0
(D) 13, (x−7/2)2−25/16=0

Answer: (B) 3, (x−7/4)2−25/16=0

Solution: 2x2−7x+3=0
Dividing by the coefficient of x2, we get
x2−7/2x+3/2=0; a=1, b=7/2, c=3/2

https://byjus.com
 Adding and subtracting the square of b/2=7/4, (half of coefficient of
x)

We get, [x2−2 (7/4) x+ (7/4)2] − (7/4)2+3/2=0

The equation after completing the square is:

(x−7/4)2−25/16=0

Taking square root, (x−7/4) = (±5/4)

Taking positive sign 5/4, x=3
Taking negative sign −5/4, x=1/2

13. Find the roots of the equation 5x2–6x–2=0 by the method of completing the
square.

(A) x=3
(B) x=(5± √19)/3
(C) x= (3± √19)/ 5
(D) x=5

Answer: (C) x= (3± √19)/ 5

Solution: Multiplying the equation throughout by 5, we get 25x2–30x–10=0

This is the same as:
(5x) 2–[2× (5x) ×3] +32–32–10=0
⇒ (5x–3)2–9–10=0
⇒(5x–3)2–19=0
⇒(5x–3)2=19
⇒5x−3=± √19

⇒x= (3± √19)/ 5

14. There is a natural number x. Write down the expression for the product of x
and its next natural number.

(A) 2x2+1
(B) x2- x
(C) x2+ x
(D) ( x + 1)( x+2)

https://byjus.com
 Answer: (C) x2+ x

Solution: If a natural number is x, the next natural number is greater than x by 1

and hence x+1. For eg. For 3, next natural number is 4. The product of the 2
numbers is x(x+1) =x2+ x

15. What number should be added to x2+6x to make it a perfect square?

(A) 36
(B) 18
(C) 9
(D) 72

Answer: (C) 9

Solution: The identity (a+b) 2= (a2+2ab+b2) represents a perfect square.

If we observe carefully we can see that x2+6x can be written in the form of
(a2+2ab+b2) by adding a constant.
x2+2(x) (3) +constant.
To make x2+6x a perfect square, divide the co efficient of x by 2 and then add the
square of the result to make this a perfect square.
Hence, 6/2=3 and 32 = 9

We should add 9 to make x2+6x a perfect square.

Solving QE using quadratic formula

16. The equation x2+4x+c=0 has real roots, then

(A) C ≥ 6
(B) C ≤ 8
(C) C ≤ 4
(D) C ≥ 4

Answer: (C) C ≤ 4

Solution: Step 1:- For, x2+4x+c=0, value of discriminant D=42–4c=16−4c

Step 2:- The roots of quadratic equation are real only when D ≥ 0

16–4c ≥ 0

Step 3:- c ≤ 4

https://byjus.com
17. Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation 3x2–5x+2=0 and hence, find
the nature of the roots.

(A) –1, no real roots

(B) 1, two equal roots
(C) –1, two distinct real roots
(D) 1, two distinct real roots

Answer: (D) 1, two distinct real roots

Solution: D = b2–4ac= (–5)2–4×3×2=1>0

D = 1>0⇒ Two distinct real roots.

18. Taylor purchased a rectangular plot of area 634 m2. The length of the plot is 2
m more than thrice its breadth. Find the length and breadth (approximate
values).

(A) 34.6 m & 11.20 m

(B) 44.6 m & 14.20 m
(C) 32 m & 16 m
(D) 88 m & 24 m

Answer: (B) 44.6 m & 14.20 m

Solution: Let x and y be the length and breadth of the rectangle respectively.
Given, x=2+3y
Area of the rectangle=length × breadth

=xy
⇒634= (2+3y) y
⇒634=2y+3y2
So, 3y2+2y−634=0

The roots of the above quadratic equation will be

https://byjus.com
⇒

⇒ OR

⇒ y=14.20 or

y= -14.87

Considering positive value for breadth, we have y=14.20.

Using x=2+3y, we have

x=2+3(14.20) =44.6

Now, we have
x=44.6 and y=14.20 (approximately).

https://byjus.com
19. If the equation x2+2(k+2) x+9k=0 has equal roots, then values of k are
__________.

(A) 1,4
(B) -1,5
(C) -1,-4
(D) 1,-5

Answer: (A) 1, 4

Solution: Step 1:- For, x2+2(k+2) x+9k=0, value of discriminant D= [2(k+2)] 2–4(9k)
=4(K2+4−5k)

Step 2:- The roots of quadratic equation are real and equal only when D=0
k2+4−5k=0
⇒k2−5k+4=0
⇒k2−k−4k+4=0
⇒k(k−1)−4(k−1)=0
⇒(k−1)(k−4)=0

Step 3:- k=4 or 1

20. Find the roots of the 3x2 – 5x + 2 = 0 quadratic equation, using the quadratic
formula.

(A) (7±1)/6
(B) (4±1)/ 6
(C) (5±2)/ 6
(D) (5±1)/ 6

Answer: (D) (5±1)/ 6

Solution: Quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0

The roots of the above quadratic equation will

be

a=3, b= -5 and c=2

https://byjus.com
https://byjus.com