CEBU TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT ACADEMY, INC.

2nd Flr., BAI Center, Cebu South Road, Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City

PRE-CALCULUS
Voctech Senior High School
Grade 11

First Semester
Module No. 2

___________________
Name of Student

MR. REY EMMANUEL G. ILUMBA, LPT

Teacher

General Mathematics 1

Pre-Calculus
The Conic Sections
 CEBU TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT ACADEMY, INC.
2nd Flr., BAI Center, Cebu South Road, Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City

The learner demonstrates understanding of: key concepts of series

MONTHLY OBJECTIVE:
and mathematical induction and the Binomial Theorem.
GRADE: 11 SEMESTER 1st
SUBJECT TITLE: Pre-Calculus WEEK NO.: 5TH

LESSON #5: SERIES & SEQUENCE

OBJECTIVES:

• illustrate a series; and

• differentiate a series from a sequence

Hello! Welcome to Lesson 5 in Pre-Calculus. Series and Sequences are important concepts in many
branches of mathematics. Its applications are numerous, particularly in biology, physics, investments,
accountancy, and even in the field of arts. This module will give you an idea about the concepts of series
in which it is widely used in the field of science, economics, and higher mathematics.

SEQUENCE

A sequence is a succession of numbers in a specific order. Each number in a sequence is called a term.
The terms are formed according to some fixed rule or property. They are arranged as the first term, the
second term, the third, and so on.

A sequence with a definite number of terms is a finite sequence. In finite sequences, the first and the last
terms are clearly identified.

For example, (M,A,R,Y)(M,A,R,Y) is a sequence of letters that differs from (A,R,M,Y)(A,R,M,Y), as the
ordering matters, and (1,1,2,3,5,8)(1,1,2,3,5,8), which contains the number 1 at two different positions, is a
valid sequence. Sequences can be finite, as in this example, or infinite, such as the sequence of all even
positive integers (2,4,6,⋯) (2,4,6,⋯). Finite sequences are sometimes known as strings or words and
infinite sequences as streams.

SERIES

This sum is an example of a series. A series is the indicated sum of the terms of a sequence. A series can
be denoted by 𝑆𝑛 where n refers to the number of terms. If a sequence is finite, its corresponding series is
a finite series.

TYPES OF SEQUENCE AND SERIES

Some of the most common examples of sequences are:

• Arithmetic Sequences
• Geometric Sequences
• Harmonic Sequences
• Fibonacci Numbers

Arithmetic Sequences
A sequence in which every term is created by adding or subtracting a definite number to the preceding
number is an arithmetic sequence.

Geometric Sequences
A sequence in which every term is obtained by multiplying or dividing a definite number with the preceding
number is known as a geometric sequence.

Harmonic Sequences
A series of numbers is said to be in harmonic sequence if the reciprocals of all the elements of the sequence
form an arithmetic sequence.

General Mathematics 2

Pre-Calculus
The Conic Sections
 CEBU TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT ACADEMY, INC.
2nd Flr., BAI Center, Cebu South Road, Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City

Fibonacci Numbers
Fibonacci numbers form an interesting sequence of numbers in which each element is obtained by adding
two preceding elements and the sequence starts with 0 and 1. Sequence is defined as, F 0 = 0 and F1 = 1
and Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2

The learner demonstrates understanding of: key concepts of series

MONTHLY OBJECTIVE:
and mathematical induction and the Binomial Theorem.
GRADE: 11 SEMESTER 1st
SUBJECT TITLE: Pre-Calculus WEEK NO.: 6TH

LESSON #6: SIGMA NOTATION

OBJECTIVES:

• use the sigma notation to represent a series; and

• apply the use of sigma notation in finding sums

In this lesson, you will be learning about the concepts of sigma notation. Moreover, we will see the power
of this notation in computing sums of numbers as well as algebraic expressions.

Here the symbol ∑ (sigma) indicates a sum. The numbers at the top and bottom of sigma are called
boundaries and tell us what numbers we substitute in to the expression for the terms in our sum. What
comes after the sigma is an algebraic expression representing terms in the sum. In the example above, n
is a variable and represents the terms in our sum.

General Mathematics 3

Pre-Calculus
The Conic Sections
 CEBU TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT ACADEMY, INC.
2nd Flr., BAI Center, Cebu South Road, Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City

EXAMPLE 7: Write each in expanded form. Then find its value.

a. ∑6𝑖=1(−1)𝑖 2𝑖
Solution:
Replace i consecutively with the integers starting with the value of the lower index up to the value
of the upper index.
a. ∑6𝑖=1(−1)𝑖 2𝑖
= (−1)1 2(1) + (−1)2 2(2) + (−1)3 2(3) + (−1)4 2(4) + (−1)5 2(5) + (−1)6 2(6)
= −2 + 4 − 6 + 8 − 10 + 12
=6

General Mathematics 4

Pre-Calculus
The Conic Sections
 CEBU TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT ACADEMY, INC.
2nd Flr., BAI Center, Cebu South Road, Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City

NOTE: PASSED ONLY THIS ANSWER SHEET BELOW, THE CONTENT OF THE LESSONS
WILL SERVE AS YOUR NOTES.

ACTIVITY #6: SERIES & SEQUENCES (10 PTS.)

STUDENT’S DATE:
NAME:
STRAND & SCORE:
SECTION:

A. Give the next three terms of each sequence.

1. 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, …

2. 49, 44, 39, 34, 29, …

B. Write first three terms of the sequence defined by the following functions.

1. 𝑆(𝑛) = 2𝑛 − 1

2. 𝑆(𝑛) = 3𝑛 + 2

C. Who wants to be a Millionaire?

Suppose you are hired for a one-year job in the U.S. The company offered you 3 different salary
schemes.

Scheme 1: To receive a total of $4, 000 after one year

Scheme 2: To receive $230 on the 1st month, $250 on the 2nd month, $270 on the 3rd month, and
so on, until the 12th month

Scheme 3: To receive $1 on the 1st month, $8 on the 4th month, and so on, until the 12th month

a. What scheme would you choose? Why?

b. Which scheme would give the greatest sum?

General Mathematics 5

Pre-Calculus
The Conic Sections
 CEBU TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT ACADEMY, INC.
2nd Flr., BAI Center, Cebu South Road, Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City

NOTE: PASSED ONLY THIS ANSWER SHEET BELOW, THE CONTENT OF THE LESSONS
WILL SERVE AS YOUR NOTES.

ACTIVITY #7: SIGMA NOTATION (20 PTS.)

STUDENT’S DATE:
NAME:
STRAND & SCORE:
SECTION:

I. DIRECTIONS: Solve the following sums below:

II. DIRECTIONS: Express in sigma notation

7 + 14 + 21 + 28 + 35

6 + 3 + 0 + (−3) + (−6) + (−9)

General Mathematics 6

Pre-Calculus
The Conic Sections
 CEBU TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT ACADEMY, INC.
2nd Flr., BAI Center, Cebu South Road, Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City

PERFORMANCE TASK (100 PTS.)

STUDENT’S DATE:
NAME:
STRAND & SCORE:
SECTION:

In this project you will be creating a drawing of your

dream home in a graphing paper. This dream home will
include everything and anything you desire. It will also
include some of the conic sections we have been
studying. You will be the architect and the construction
manager of this project.

PART I: FLOOR PLAN DRAWING

The first part of your project will be to create a plan

drawing of one floor of your home. It must include
distances and measurements, standard equation form of
the conic section and must also include at least 2 of each
of these types of conic sections for your flooring:

▪ Hyperbola

▪ Ellipse

▪ Parabola

▪ Circle

Your drawing must have these

elements:

✓ Each of your rooms must be

clearly labelled (what type of
room is it and what type of shape
it is) and neatly drawn.

✓ Rooms Required (at least the

following, but it can have
more…….make it like what you
would like to have):

▪ 2 bedrooms

▪ 2 bathrooms

▪ 1 kitchen

▪ 1 garage

▪ 1 living room

✓ You must use colour and make this dream home appealing.

✓ You will use a graphing paper to be able to determine the coordinates.

✓ Your home should have realistic measurements, and should be something someone would actually
live in. Refer to floor plans on the Internet for assistance.

✓ Be CREATIVE! Have fun with the design and make it very imaginative.

PART 2: STANDARD FORM EQUATION

The second part of your project is to outfit your dream home. Your dream home must have some type
of flooring. You must choose at least 2 different types of flooring to use in your home. You need to
determine the standard equation form of the conic section you have chosen as your flooring and be
able to identify the coordinates of its components.

General Mathematics 7

Pre-Calculus
The Conic Sections
 CEBU TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT ACADEMY, INC.
2nd Flr., BAI Center, Cebu South Road, Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City

PART 3: RUBRICS OF FLOOR PLAN

CATEGORY None (0) Poor (5) Average (10) Good (15) Excellent (20)
Completion The plan is not The plan is not The plan is less The plan is The plans is
turned in or not completed, or than half done, between half and one
completed. very little work but some work three quarters hundred
was done. has been completed. percent
completed. complete.

Precision The plan is not Lines are sloppy, The plan is The plan is neat The plan is
turned in or not not parallel and somewhat neat, and there are no drawn with
completed. perpendicular. but still has extraneous excellent
There is a good extraneous materials. precision,
deal of general materials. walls all
untidiness and have equal
unnecessary lines thickness,
and objects. wall heights
are equal,
and all parts
of the plan
fit together.
Realism The plan does The plan matches The plan The plan The plan is
not match the the store, but is matches the matches the perfectly
format of the not realistic, and store, is store, is realistic, realistic has
store being could not actually somewhat and only needs all the
created or be built into a realistic, and minor or no components
could not be store. could be used modifications to of the store
physically built. with major be useful. being
modifications. created, is
drawn to
scale, and
could be
physically
built.
Labels The plan is not The plan lacks The labels for The plan is The plan is
labelled at all, any sort of labels measurement on correctly labelled
or not turned of measurement the plan are labelled, but not very
in. or notes. inconsistent or completely precisely,
partially missing. labelled. the labels
are
consistent
with each
other and
with reality.
Markings
add clarity
to the plan.
Components The plan is The plan has few The plan has The plan has all The plan
empty, or not components, but some of the the necessary goes over
turned in. not all necessary. necessary components of a and above
(i.e. walls, but no components. floor plan. necessary
doors) components
and has
extra
finishing
touches that
make it look
like a store.

General Mathematics 8

Pre-Calculus
The Conic Sections