CBL , SBT , URS , RIB , RBT, CAST , USI , SCMT

Abbas Radhi Abbas

Iraqi –Missan
1-1-2022
1
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
2
Why Evaluate Cement?

(1) Feedback on Primary Design:

The Drilling Engineer or Cement Design Engineer requires information on downhole
cement compressive strength, cement volume, and cement top.

(2) Qualify Production Test Data:

The Completion Engineer requires information on zone isolation to evaluate surface
production (i.e. water cut too high).

(3) Input for Remedial Cement Design:

The Completion and Production Engineer require information on cement channelling
or lack of cement integrity to determine if a cement squeeze would be effective (i.e.
supplementing a faulty primary cement job).

3
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job

3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
4
Logging Operation

Logging operation

Pre- logging operation After logging Operation

1. Selected type of cement log 1. Cement evaluation
2. Operation type depend on well 2. Remedial plan ( if need )
type ( vertical , horizontal ,
sidetrack .. Etc

5
Before Logging Operation

Logging operation in vertical wells

Can run the logging tools to TD
smoothly with any problem

Logging operation in Horizontal wells

• Logging tools in horizontal wells
can reach 45-55 degree
• The final inclination for horizontal
section ( 89 – 90 ) degree
• To cover last section ( 55 – 90 )
degree should use another
methods such as ( tractor , PCL ,
LWD )

6
Before Logging Operation

Before do cement log should :

1. Wait for cement ( 24-72) hours

according to cement type and additive .

2. Drill Dawn hole cement equipment

(Float collar , Float shoe , DV , top plug
, bottom plug )

3. casing scrapper ( Optional )

4. Avoid FIT ( formation integrity test )

before logging operation , this test do
after logging operation to avoid destroy
the cement behind casing .

7
After Logging Operation

After received the cement logging results should do cement evaluation

report according to standard

Poor ( Bad ) : STOP ( cant Pass ) Remedial plan

Medium to Good cement with good isolation

in pay zone : can pass

Good cement : can pass

8
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job

3. Type of cement log

➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
9
Type of cement log

Many types for cement log see bellow table

No Log Full name Company

1 CBL Cement Bond Log Many companies

2 SBT Segmented Bond Tool Backer Hughes

3 URS Ultra sonic redial scanner Weatherford

4 RIB Radius Incremented Bond AWALCO

5 RBT Radial Bond Too Halliburton
6 CAST Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool Halliburton
7 USI Ultrasonic Image Schlumberger
8 SCMT Slim Cement Mapping Tool

10
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log

➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log

➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
11
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Tool Configuration
• 1 transmitter
• 2 receivers
• 3 ft : receiver for CBL measurements
• 5 ft : receiver for VDL analysis

CBL : Cement Bond Log

• Amplitude of first arrival ( mv)
• Faction of casing cement bond

VDL : Variable Density Log

• Second arrival time in ms
• Faction of casing cement bond &
cement formation bond
12
 1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Variable Density Amplitude

Signature (VDL) (CBL)

Formation Free pipe

Casing

Cement on Pipe

Thick cement
sheath
Cement

Partial cement

No Bond

Logging
tools
Cement Bonding to
Pipe and Formation

Low Velocity
formation

13
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Principle of Operation :
A transmitter emits a sonic signal which
travels through the borehole fluid, along the
casing wall, through the cement and formation,
and back to a receiver (Figure 1).
We monitor the amplitude and elapsed time of
the first arrival from the received signal.
Typically, sound travels faster through steel
casings than borehole fluids or formations.
These first arrivals or casing arrivals are the
basis for interpretation of cement evaluation.

(Figure 1)

14
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Theory of Operation :
The CBL measurement is the amplitude in
millivolts of the first arrival E1 at the 3 -foot
receiver. It is a function of the attenuation due
to the shear coupling of the cement sheath to
the casing. The attenuation rate depends on
the cement compressive strength, the casing
diameter, the pipe thickness, and the percentage
of bonded circumference (Figure 2)

(Figure 2)

15
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

CBL Measurements :
Amplitude: let us take, for example, a man
hitting an unsupported pipe with a hammer.
The loud ringing of the pipe is representative
of a high amplitude at our sonic receiver.
Now, if this pipe is supported with cement,
the ringing would be muffled, resulting in a (Figure 3)
low amplitude at the receiver. We interpret a
high amplitude (low attenuation) as a lack of
support and a low amplitude (high attenuation)
as a good support (Figure 3).

The expected free pipe amplitude for common

casing sizes is shown in (Figure 4).

(Figure 4)
16
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Transit Time: With proper centralization,

the transmitter and receiver are always the
same distance from the pipe. Because of this,
the time that it takes for sound to travel from
transmitter to receiver (transit time) should
always be the same, provided borehole fluid
and pipe inside diameter remain constant
(Figure A7a). Transit times for various casing
inside diameters are illustrated in Figure 5.
(Figure 5)

17
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

VDL Measurements :
The sonic pulse travels through mud, casing,
cement, and formation. Each medium allows
this pulse to propagate at a different rate.
The typical first arrival of a received signal
will be the casing arrivals, followed by the
formation and cement arrivals, and ending
with mud arrivals. The VDL display simply
highlights the peaks and troughs of this
sinusoidal wave as shown in Figure 6.

The longer five foot spacing is used to record

the VDL waveform for better discrimination
between casing and formation arrivals.
The VDL is generally used to assess the cement (Figure 6)
to formation bond.

18
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Bond Index Calculation :

It has been shown through experiments that
a linear relationship exists between the logarithm of E1 (the amplitude of the first
peak of the CBL waveform) and the percentage of pipe circumference not
cemented, all other conditions remaining constant. In addition, when the pipe
circumference is fully covered by at least 3/4 inches of cement, there is a
relationship between E1 amplitude and the cement compressive strength. These
relations were used to build the nomogram of Figure 7. This nomogram is entered
with the CBL log amplitude. Follow this constant slope line to the appropriate
casing size.

From here, a horizontal line meets the attenuation in dB/m.

Extending this attenuation through the casing thickness results in a value of cement
compressive strength.

19
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Bond Index Calculation , Continue …….

From here, a horizontal line meets the attenuation in dB/m.
Extending this attenuation through the casing thickness results in a value of cement
compressive strength.

By entering the nomograph with the lowest CBL amplitude on the cemented
section, we find the cement’s maximum compressive strength. The industry has
recognized 80 percent of this compressive strength over a minimum cemented
interval will result in hydraulic isolation.

20
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Bond Index Calculation

, Continue …

Figure 7.
21
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

BOND Index Percentage :

Bond Index of 80 percent is the
generally accepted cut-off for
hydraulic isolation. The minimum
cemented interval with 80 percent
bond index, necessary for hydraulic
isolation, varies with casing size, as
shown in Figure 8.

(Figure 8)

22
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

CBL free Pipe values

CBL Quality Control

➢ Is the tool calibrated?
➢ Does the tool response repeat
(Repeat Log & Main Log ) itself?
➢ Is the measured transit time as
expected?
➢ Is the tool properly centered?
➢ Is the free pipe measured value
as expected?

23
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

CBL Quality Control

Main Log-for all casing section Repeat Log- about 50 m

24
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Cement evaluation according to CBL and VDL

Good cement
0 100

GR CBL

Poor cement VDL

CCL

Good cement

25
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Example for three case cement CBL ( poor – medium – good)

0 to 100

GR CBL

CCL VDL

Poor cement Medium to good cement Good cement

26
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

27
1.CBL : Cement Bond log

Summary : CBL , VDL interpretation

28
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log

➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool

➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
29
 2-SBT : Segmented Bond Tool

The Segmented Bond Tool (SBT)

the cement bond integrity in six angular
segments around the casing. The SBT service
can find and define channels in the cement
annulus which could result in a poor hydraulic
seal. Conversely, the SBT service can reliably
find zones of uniform bonding over only a few
feet of casing. Under conditions where a short-
bonded interval produces an adequate
hydraulic seal, unnecessary squeeze jobs can
be avoided.

30
2-SBT : Segmented Bond Tool

(SBT – Operation )
The acoustic transducers are mounted on six pads positioned in
contact with the interior casing wall to provide compensated
attenuation measurements. Acoustic attenuation is measured in
two directions, using an arrangement of two transmitters and
two receivers on four adjacent arms. The two measurements are
combined to derive a compensated value that does not depend
on receiver sensitivities or transmitter power. This measurement
processing is repeated for each of the six segments.

31
2-SBT : Segmented Bond Tool

(SBT – Operation ) Continue…..

The SBT service offers significant operating advantages over
conventional and pulse-echo tools due to its insensitivity to heavy
or gas-cut borehole fluids, fast formations, temperature and
pressure variations, and moderate tool eccentering.

For ease of interpretation, the SBT measurements are displayed

in two log presentations. Both presentations are available in the
logging mode as the SBT data are acquired, processed and
plotted in real time. The secondary presentation consists of six
60° segmented arrays, variable-attenuation cement map and a
tool orientation trace overlay

32
 2-SBT : Segmented Bond Tool

SBT Attenuation Array

360 VDL
Map
GR
Casing wave

Bad cement
CBL
Medium cement

Bad cement
CCL

Medium cement
Bad cement

Very Good cement

Formation wave

33
Example for three case cement SBT ( poor – medium – good)

Poor cement Medium to good cement Good cement

34
Example ( before and after squeeze cement )

Before Squeeze cement After Squeeze cement

35
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
36
3. URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner

Introduction To URS :
The URS uses two ultrasonic transducers. The
primary measurement transducer located in the
rotating scanning head provides 360° coverage
and can identify channels in the cement map as
small as 5°. The fluid transducer located in the
tool body of the sonde section continuously
monitors acoustic velocity and impedance of the
wellbore fluid. The tool design incorporates an
advanced, high-speed measure-on-position DC
motor to rotate the primary measurement
transducer.
With this technology, the primary measurement
transducer fries upon arriving at a precise point
in its rotation instead of relying on time and a
constant rotating speed, which could overlook
important features.

37
3. URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner

URS Application:
Cement evaluation
• Casing inspection
– Monitoring internal wear and corrosion
– Locating internal and external casing defects
– Casing thickness analysis
• High-resolution wellbore imaging
• Foam cement analysis

38
 3. URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner

Evaluation Criteria: depend on IMPD

• ( IMPd<=0.38,"gas“
• ( IMPd>0.38, IMPd<=2.3),"liquid gas-Fresh Wtr",
• ( IMPd>2.3, IMPd<=2.7),"Heavy drill fluid",
• ( IMPd>2.7, IMPd<=3.85),"low IMPd", CBL Map VDL
• ( IMPd>3.8, IMPd<=5),"medium IMPd",
• ( IMPd>5),"good IMPd")

GR

CCL

39
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner

➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond

➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
40
4. RIB : Radius Incremented Bond

41
4. RIB : Radius Incremented Bond

RIB-for AWLCO

good cement

VDL
Map
GR

Free pipe

CCL

CBL
Medium to good cement

42
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond

➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too

➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
43
5-RBT (Radial Bond Tool)

(RBT )
Radial Bond Tool string

44
5-RBT (Radial Bond Tool)

45
5-RBT (Radial Bond Tool)

46
5-RBT (Radial Bond Tool)

For Halliburton

47
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too

➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool

➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image
➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
48
6.CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
6.CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
6.CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
6.CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
6.CAST : Example
6.CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool

➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image

➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool
55
7-(USI) Ultrasonic Image

USI -Applications
• Determination of casing condition
• Evaluation of cement bond to casing
• Identification of channeling
7-(USI) Ultrasonic Image

USI TOOL DESCRIPTION

Tool principle
The sonde includes a rotating transducer
subassembly available in different sizes to log
all normal casing sizes (Figure). The direction
of rotation of the subassembly controls the
orientation of the transducer —
counterclockwise for the standard measurement
mode (transducer facing the casing or the
borehole wall), and clockwise to turn the
transducer 180 degrees within its subassembly
(transducer facing a reflection plate within the
tool) to measure downhole fluid properties
7-(USI) Ultrasonic Image
Contents

1. Why Evaluate Cement?

2. Logging Operation before and after cement job
3. Type of cement log
➢ CBL : Cement Bond Log
➢ SBT : Segmented Bond Tool
➢ URS : Ultra sonic redial scanner
➢ RIB : Radius Incremented Bond
➢ RBT :Radial Bond Too
➢ CAST : Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool
➢ USI : Ultrasonic Image

➢ SCMT : Slim Cement Mapping Tool

59
8-SCMT (Slim Cement Mapping Tool)

60
8-SCMT (Slim Cement Mapping Tool)

SCMT Applications

„1-Cement evaluation in small

completions

„2-Cement bond log and cement

map below tubing completions

„3-Locate depths of “stuck

pipe”or “stuck casing”

61
Thanks
About Authorized
Name: Abbas Radhi Abbas
Position: Chief Engineer / petroleum Engineer
Nationality: Iraq- Missan
Date of Birth: 1978
Gender: Male
Education Background:
Period Education description
University of Bagdad – college of Engineering – petroleum engineering department-
1996-2001
(BSc)
Certificates of Appreciation
15 Certificates of Appreciation from difrent international companies such as (Schlumberger- waetherford ,
CNOOC , COSL , BHDC )
Work Experience : in Missan Oil Company ( MOC)
Period Work description
(2004-2006) reservoir engineer
(2006-2010 ) water injection engineer
during (2011) drilling and workover engineer
(2011 to 2021 ) petrophysics manager in Reservoir department
Language:
Mother language: Arabic
Second language/level: English/Fluent oral and written in English.