Name:____________________________________ Class:______________

JURONG PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGE

JC1 End of Year Examination 2022

PHYSICS 9749/02
Higher 2
Paper 2 Structured Questions 27 September 2022
2 hours

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

For Examiner’s Use

1 / 8
2 / 11
3 / 11
4 / 13
5 / 12
6 / 13
7 / 12
Total / 80

This document consists of 18 printed pages.

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Data

speed of light in free space c = 3.00  10 8 m s–1

permeability of free space  0 = 4  10 −7 H m–1

permittivity of free space  0 = 8.85  10 −12 F m–1

= (1 (36 ))  10 −9 F m–1

elementary charge e = 1.60  10 −19 C

the Planck constant h = 6.63  10 −34 J s

unified atomic mass constant u = 1.66  10 −27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 10 −31 kg

rest mass of proton m p = 1.67  10 −27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

the Avogadro constant N A = 6.02  10 23 mol–1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38  10 −23 J K–1

gravitational constant G = 6.67  10 −11 N m2 kg–2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2

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Formulae
1 2
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + at
2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas W = pV

hydrostatic pressure p = gh

GM
gravitational potential =−
r

temperature T / K = T / C + 273.15

1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p= c
3 V

3
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule E= kT
2

displacement of particle in s.h.m. x = x 0 sin t

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v 0 cos t

=  (x
0
2
− x2 )
electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R 2 + ...

resistors in parallel 1/ R = 1/ R1 + 1/ R 2 + ...

Q
electric potential V =
4 0 r

alternating current/voltage x = x 0 sin t

0 I
magnetic flux density due to a long straight wire B=
2 d

0 N I
magnetic flux density due to a flat circular coil B=
2r

magnetic flux density due to a long solenoid B = 0 n I

radioactive decay x = x 0 exp( −t )

ln 2
decay constant =
t1
2

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1 The resistance R of an unknown resistor is determined by finding the potential difference

across it and the current through it, using the circuit in Fig 1.1.

A V

Fig. 1.1

(a) Determine the base units of resistance.

base units = ......................................... [2]

(b) The variable resistor is adjusted and the potential difference V across the unknown
resistor and current I through it are recorded.

V = 5.00  0.03 V
I = 2.7  0.2 mA

Using the values of V and I, calculate the resistance R and express it with its
associated uncertainty to the appropriate number of significant figures.

R = ........................... ± ........................ Ω [4]

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(c) In this experiment, the variable resistor is adjusted so as to provide several pairs of
values of potential difference and current. These values are then plotted on a graph,
from which the resistance R can be determined.

State two advantages of this method as compared to the determination of R from

a single pair of readings.

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………...……………………………………………………...

2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the velocity-time graph for an object moving in a straight line.

Fig. 2.1

(i) Determine an expression, in terms of u, v and t, for the area under the graph.

area = .............................................. [1]

(ii) State the name of the quantity represented by the area under the graph.

……………………………………………………………………………………….… [1]

(b) A ball is kicked with a velocity of 15 m s−1 at an angle of 60° to the horizontal ground.
The ball then strikes a vertical wall at the instant when the path of the ball becomes
horizontal, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

Fig. 2.2 (not to scale)

Assume that air resistance is negligible.

(i) By considering the vertical motion of the ball, calculate the time it takes to reach
the wall.

time = ............................................. s [2]

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(ii) Explain why the horizontal component of the velocity of the ball remains constant
as it moves towards the wall.

..……………………………………………………..………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….… [1]

(iii) Determine the horizontal displacement of the ball.

horizontal displacement = ............................................. m [1]

(iv) Determine the vertical displacement of the ball.

vertical displacement = ............................................. m [2]

(v) Upon collision with the wall, the ball loses 50% of the kinetic energy it possesses
just before it hits the wall.

Determine how far it would land from the point it was kicked.

distance = ............................................. m [3]

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3 (a) Define the moment of a force.

…....................................................................................................................................

….............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A uniform rod AB of length 1.8 m and mass 8.5 kg is inclined at an angle of 55° to a
vertical wall, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The rod is freely hinged to the wall at A and
supported by a cable BC inclined at an angle of 25° to the horizontal at B. An object of
mass 14 kg is hung at B by another cable.

cables

25° B
wall
14 kg
55°
hinge
rod
A

Fig. 3.1

(i) Show that the tension in the cable BC is 170 N.

[2]

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(ii) Hence, determine the magnitude and direction of the force that the hinge exerts on
the rod at A.

magnitude of force = ........................................ N

direction of force is ......................................................... [4]

(c) A buoy of volume 6.5  10−2 m3 is held submerged in sea water of density
1.03  103 kg m−3 by a rope anchored to the sea bed as shown in Fig. 3.2.

sea water
h

buoy

rope

sea bed
Fig. 3.2

(i) Calculate the upthrust on the buoy

upthrust = ........................................ N [2]

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(ii) Complete Fig. 3.3 to show the variation with depth h of:

• the weight of the buoy (label this line W)

• the upthrust on the buoy (label this line U)

force

0
0 h
Fig. 3.3
[2]

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4 (a) State Newton's second law of motion.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) A rocket is propelled by the emission of hot gases.

Using the principle of conservation of momentum, explain why the rocket and
the emitted hot gases gain momentum.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) A toy helicopter of mass 0.70 kg moves vertically upwards in still air with an
acceleration of 0.50 m s−2. The effective area swept by its blades is 0.40 m2.

(i) Determine the upward force on the toy helicopter by the air.

force = ................................ N [2]

(ii) The density of the air is 1.3 kg m−3.

Calculate the speed of the air swept by the blades, relative to the helicopter.

speed = ............................ m s−1 [3]

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(d) A cyclist travelling along a horizontal road at a constant speed of 15 m s−1 provides a
power of 180 W. The combined mass of the cyclist and bicycle is 50 kg.

Calculate

(i) the total resistive force,

force = ................................ N [2]

(ii) the power needed if the cyclist now travels up a hill inclined at an angle of 10° to
the horizontal at a constant speed of 15 m s−1.

power = ................................ W [2]

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5 The Earth moves in a circular orbit about the Sun with a period of 365.3 days. The distance
from the centre of the Earth to the centre of the Sun is 1.496  1011 m .

(a) Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the Earth.

centripetal acceleration = ......................................... m s−2 [3]

(b) Explain why the gravitational field strength at the position of the Earth has the same
magnitude and direction as the centripetal acceleration of the Earth.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(c) Hence, determine the mass of the Sun.

mass = ......................................... kg [2]

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(d) A planet of mass m is in a circular orbit of radius r about a star of mass M. The planet
has angular speed ω in its orbit about the star.

(i) Show that ω and r are related by the expression

GM
2 = ,
r3

where G is the gravitational constant.

[2]

(ii) Scientists have found evidence suggesting there may be a Planet X deep in the
solar system. The distance from the Sun to Planet X is 601.6 times the distance
between the Sun and the Earth.

Using the expression in (i), calculate the orbital period of Planet X around the Sun.

period = ......................................... years [3]

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6 (a) Explain why the change in internal energy of an ideal gas is equal to the change in
total kinetic energy of its molecules.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(b) A cylinder fitted with a piston contains 0.050 mol of an ideal gas. The piston moves
slowly outwards, resulting in the variation with volume of the pressure, as shown in
Fig. 6.1.
500
pressure
pressure
/ kPa

/ kPa A
400

300

200

100 B

0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
volume / 10−3 m3
Fig. 6.1

(i) The temperature of the gas does not change from A to B.

Calculate the temperature.

temperature = ........................................ K [2]

(ii) Calculate the total kinetic energy of the gas molecules in the cylinder.

kinetic energy = ........................................ J [2]

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(iii) Use Fig. 6.1 to estimate the amount of work done by the gas as it expands
from A to B.

work done = ........................................ J [2]

(iv) State and explain, using the first law of thermodynamics, whether heat flows into
the gas during the process from A to B.

..……………………………………………………………………………………………..

..……………………………………………………………………………………………..

..……………………………………………………..………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….… [2]

(c) An experiment is conducted to investigate how gas pressure varies with temperature.

Two identical sealed glass flasks P and Q are filled with the same amount of ideal gas
at the atmospheric pressure initially. Both flasks are heated from 27 °C to 157 °C. The
pressure in flask P increases as expected, but the pressure in flask Q remains
unchanged because some gas leak out of flask Q.

Calculate, at 157 °C, the ratio

amount of gas in flask Q

.
amount of gas in flask P

Explain your working.

ratio = ........................................ [3]

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7 (a) On Fig. 7.1, sketch a line to show the I-V characteristic of

(i) a metallic wire at a constant temperature and label the line M,

(ii) a filament lamp and label the line F.

current I

0
0 potential difference V

Fig. 7.1
[2]

(b) A cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 0.48 V is connected to a metallic wire X, as shown
in Fig. 7.2.

internal
0.48 V
resistance

wire X
resistance 0.40 Ω

Fig. 7.2

The cell has internal resistance. The current in the cell is 0.80 A.

Wire X has length 3.0 m, cross-sectional area 1.3  10−7 m2 and resistance 0.40  .

(i) Calculate the charge passing through the cell in a time of 7.5 minutes.

charge = ........................................ C [2]

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(ii) Calculate the efficiency with which the cell supplies power to wire X.

efficiency = ........................................ % [2]

(c) There are 3.2  1022 free (conduction) electrons contained in the volume of wire X
in (b).

For wire X, calculate

(i) the number density n of the free electrons,

n = ........................................ m−3 [2]

(ii) the average drift velocity of the free electrons.

average drift velocity = ...................................... m s−1 [2]

(d) A wire Y has the same cross-sectional area as wire X in (b) and is made of the same
material. Wire Y is longer than wire X.

Wire X in the circuit in (b) is now replaced by wire Y. The temperature of both wires is
the same.

State and explain the change to the drift velocity of the electrons in wire Y.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….....….. [2]

End of paper

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