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Thumb Rule For Heat Exchanger

The document discusses different types of heat exchangers including their basic construction, advantages, disadvantages and applications. It provides thumb rules for designing double pipe heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, plate and frame heat exchangers and other types. The document also discusses heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop considerations in heat exchanger design.

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Divyam
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42 views

Thumb Rule For Heat Exchanger

The document discusses different types of heat exchangers including their basic construction, advantages, disadvantages and applications. It provides thumb rules for designing double pipe heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, plate and frame heat exchangers and other types. The document also discusses heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop considerations in heat exchanger design.

Uploaded by

Divyam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thumb Rule For Design of Heat exchanger

P R EP AR ED B Y : P R I MAL HI R P AR A

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HEAT EXCHANGERS

Basic
Heat Exchange Type Advantages Disadvantages Applications
Construction

• Two concentric tubes


are held on the same
axis. • large volume per unit
• The flow arrangements volume of fluid heat • for small scale
• cheapest
are parallel flow and exchange industries
Double pipe • easy to learn
counter flow • low area provide for • learning the concept
• low maintenance
• Hairpin units are heat exchange per of heat exchanger
connected in series of volume
double pipe heat
excanger

Thumb Rules
• Hairpin units are available in sizes up to about 200ft2 of heat transfer area
• To prevent sagging of the inner pipe with a resulting distortion of the annular cross section, pipe length
is limited to 20ft.Therefore a 200ft3 and of 3 in diameter inner pipes requires 10 hairpin connection.
• When one stream is at high temperature and /or high pressure and/or is corrosive, it is passed though
the inner pipe.
• cleaning and • where less pressure
• the tube bundle is • high pressure operation
maintenance is difficult drop required
Shell and Tube consist inside the shell • cheap
• less capacity • high temperature and
jacket • simple
comparatively pressure operation
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• one fluid pass through
tubes and other from
shell • high surface area • used mainly in all
• passes and baffles are provided industries
provided for better
performance

Thumb Rules
• Small tube diameters (8 to 15mm) are preferred for greater area to volume density but are limited for
the purposes of cleaning
• The most common plain tube sizes have 15,88,19,05 and 25.40 mm tube outside diameters
• Shell diameter to tube length ratio should b within limits of 1/5 to 1/15
• Tube pitch Pt i s chosen so that the pitch ra tio is 1.25<Pt/d<1.5
• A baffle cut of 20 to 25 per cent will be the optimum, giving good heat-transfer rates
• To allow sufficient thickness to seal the tubes the tube sheet thickness should not be less than the tube
outside diameter, up to about 25 mm diameter.
• An economic exchanger design cannot normally be achieved if the correction factor Ft falls below about 0.75

• corrugated plates on a • high HTC


• potential of leakage • food & beverage dairy
frame • easy cleaning and
• high pressure drop industries
Plate and Frame • gaskets ensure that maintenance
• not for large • cream pasteurisation
cold and hot fluid don’t • temperature control
temperature difference and juice processing
mix • compact design
Thumb Rules
• The plates are normally between 0.5 and 3 mm thick and the gap between them 1.5 to 5 mm.
• Plate surface areas range from 0.03 to 1.5 m2, with a plate width:length ratio from 2.0 to
3.0.
• The size of plate heat exchangers can vary from very small, 0.03 m2, to very large,
1500 m2.
• The maximum flow-rate of fluid is limited to around 2500 m3/h.
• Plate heat exchangers are more suitable for highly viscous materials.
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Adiabatic Wheel • intermediate fluid or • less pressure drop • costly • mainly for heat
solid store heat and • compact design • not for low recovery section
then move to other temperature gradient
side to release • less efficient
Phase change heat • hot fluid flows through • Power plant using
exchanger the tubes and cold fluid turbine
through the shell
Direct contact • Direct contact between • Superior Heat transfer • Pressure of two • Air conditioning,
two fluids • Less surface corrosion streams should be humidification, cooling
and fouling same. towers
• Less pressure drop • Cannot be used if
• Low capital cost dilution or
contamination is a
problem.
Thumb Rules
• The rates of heat transfer will be high; with coefficients for packed columns typically in the range 2000
to 20,000 W/m3o C
• At duties requiring only 100-200sqft of surface the double pipe may be more economical
• High pressures can be accommodated more economically in the annulus than they can in a larger
diameter shell.
• When the shell side coefficient is less than that of the tube side, the annular side coefficient can be
made comparable to the tube side

Regenerative Heat • Hot fluid first passes • Large amount of energy • There is always some • Blast Furnaces
Exchangers through the packing is saved as the process mixing of fluids
inside the heat is cyclic • Lot of stress on the
exchanger. After the • Much high heat material and hence
total hot fluid has transfer area cracking is a problem
passed through the
packing, heat stored in
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the packing is
transferred to
cold fluid.

Compact Heat exchanger • • • •

Thumb Rules
• Operating pressures and temperatures are limited to 300psig and 400o F.
• Compact heat exchangers offer a high surface area to volume ratio typically greater than 700
m2/m3 for gas-gas applications, and greater than 400 m2/m3 for liquid-gas applications.
• They are suitable for cooling and heating with no phase change.

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Heat Transfer coefficient (U)

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Pressure Drop

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Thank You

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