TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA

LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”

Class #1

Date: Tuesday, September 21st

Topic: I’m the happiest I’ve ever been /The passive: present and past simple

Objective: Use comparatives, superlatives by discussing in groups, so as to talk about life-

changing events.
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words that describe nouns

ADJECTIVES
Attributive
go before the noun. juicy pear
adjectives
Predicative go after the noun and complete a
Tina is angry
adjectives linking verb.
Postpositive
go immediately after the noun. something scary
adjectives

ADVERB
An adverb describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb. It tells us how, where, when,
how much and with what frequency. An adverb can tel.
 ADJECTIVES

COMPARATIVES
Are adjectives that compare ONLY two things.
How to use comparatives?
1. Don’t forget comparatives are used only to compare two things.
2. The clue word for comparatives is “more”
3. Ad dan “er” (which is an abbreviation the last letter).
4. If the adject is too short, duplicate the last letter.

SUPERLATIVES
Are adjectives that compare MORE than TWO things.
How to use superlatives?
1. Don’t forget superlatives are used to compare more than two things.
2. The clue word for superlative is “most”.
3. Ad dan “est” (which is an abbreviation of most) at the end of the adjective.
4. It the adjective is too short, duplicate the last letter.

ADVERBS

 An adverb describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

 It tells u show, where, when, how much and with what frequency.
 An adverb can tel.
EXAMPLE:
o Sentence: Sarah Works hard.

o Comparative: Sarah Works harder than Tom does.

o Superlative: Sarah Works hardest of all students.

Comparison of Adjectives with as ..as, not as.. as, etc.

As… as
o Sarah is as pretty as her sister.
o You have to pack it as carefully as you can. It’s fragile.
 Not as.. as
o The math test wasn’t as difficult as I thought.
o Laura hasn’t grown as tall as Petty.
Not so.. as
o This chair is not so comfortable as that one.
o My English is not so good as yours.
As … as + possibility
o We got here as fast as we could.
o I want to travel to as many places as possible.
As much as, as many as
o Daría makes as much money as bob but not as much as Sheila.
o There weren’t as many people there as I expected.

Get Collocations
 Examples with “Get Collocations”
 My aunt got a divorce because they no longer get along with her husband.

 My cousin get away with it next time.

 My friend has gotten over the accidental death of their 10-year-old son.

 Better to you got the message that he is going to never coming back.

 I got off at the wrong stop and had to wait for another bus.
 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA
LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”
Class #2

Date: Wednesday, September 22nd

Topic: I didn´t use to eat healthy food/ “Used to” and health collocations

Objective: Identify health collocations correctly through an article, in order to describe

health and lifestyle changes.

Use to
 To talk about something that was different in the past we use used to + infinitive.
 The negative is didn’t use to + infinitive.

EXAMPLES:
 What music did you use to like when you were a child?
 I didnꞌt use to listen to music when I was a child.
 Did you use to have long hair when you were younger?
 They used to live in the country, but now they live in the city.
 Salaries used to be (be) much lower.
 People didnꞌt use to buy (not buy) so much stuff.
 The interrogative form of used to is: did + subject + use to + infinitive. (did you
use to be)
 We use the form used to + infinitive to talk about things that were true in the past,
but they are not true anymore. (used to be)
 The negative form of used to is didnꞌt use to + infinitive. (didnꞌt use to like)
 We use used to + infinitive to talk about past habits or things that happened
repeatedly in the past, but they donꞌt happen anymore (used to play)
 EXAMPLES:
o Do you think you eat a healthy diet?
o How do you keep in shape?
o If you go to the gym, you can lose weight?
 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA
LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”
Class #3

Date: Thursday, September 23nd

Topic: Everyday English It hurst all the time/ “Used to” and health collocations

Objective: Develop listening and speaking skills by a video and role play, in order to show
concert and relief.

Vocabulary

 Get a prescription from a doctor.

 Take pills or other medicine.
 Have some tests.
 Go to the hospital.
 Go to the chemist’s.
 Have an operation.
 Put on cream.

Useful Language
 Complete the phrases with the words in the box.

• My back hurts.

• Itꞌs very painful.

• I canꞌt get to sleep.

 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA
LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”
Class #4

Date: Friday, September 23nd

Topic: Skills for writing / After that, I decided to make a change. /Linking Words

Objective: Use phrases for ordering events by making notes, so as to write anarticle for the
living to change blog.

JEFF SILVIA LUCAS

What was their needed to save some didn’t have many
was unfit
problem? money friends
friends got married
How did the spent too much, going out didn’t do
or moved
problem for dinner, buying clothes enough
overseas, he was
happen? and the latest phone. exercise;
lazy about
keeping in touch.
eats at home, asks himself started going started to get in
What did
if needs something before to a dance touch with old
they
buying it. class. friends
change?
What was/is the
fitter, lost
result of the saved almost £5,000. now people call him.
weight.
change?
 Living to Change Blog

Talking about how to have more money!

When I started living alone, I was very worried about my future because when I had my
parents I spent money on whatever I saw in shopping malls, so I was a rookie on this
money thing. However, I was good at recognizing clothing and makeup brands.

At First, I bought a very large piggy bank where I planned to put my money. My difficulty
was the payments that I had to make for the apartment that I was renting such as
electricity, water and internet. After that, I planned a round with some neighbors for 6
months to raise enough money to see if she would invest in something that would give
me more money. Then, I made sales in catalog magazines apart from my job as a
secretary.

After a while, I saw that I had a better chance of making money by investing in retail
products such as clothing and makeup. In the end, I raised enough money to invest in
more catalog sales products and thus became a mini-merchant in addition to my
secretarial work.
 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA
LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”
Class #5

Date: Monday, September 27th

Topic: Lesson Unit 7

 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA
LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”
Class #6

Date: Tuesday, September 28th

Topic: My favorite book is based on a true story/ The passive: present and past simple

Objective: Use new vocabulary related to culture by asking and answering questions and
the passive, so that they can talk about art and music.
INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE
Hurt Hurt
Hide Hidden
Go Gone
Have Had
Beak Broken
Grow Grown
Forget Forgotten
Drive Driven
Fall Fallen
Catch Caught
Hang Hung
Blow Blown
Lead Led
Begin Begun
Drink Drunk
Bring Brought
Freeze Frozen
Give Given
Do Done
Come Come
 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA
LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”
Class #7

Date: Wednesday, September 29th

Topic: I’ve hated rugby since I was at school./ Present perfect with for and since

Objective: Identify sports and activities, and use for and since in sentences to talk about
experiences.

Present perfect with "for" and "since"

Using the present perfect, we can define a period of time before now by considering its
duration, with for + a period of time, or by considering its starting point, with since + a
point in time. FOR and SINCE can also both be used with the past perfect. SINCE can
only be used with perfect tenses. FOR can also be used with the simple past.

 For + a period of time

• for six years, for a week, for a month, for hours, for two hours
• I have worked here for five years.
 Since + a point in time
• since this morning, since last week, since yesterday
• since I was a child, since Wednesday, since 2 o'clock
• I have worked here since 1990.
 Present perfect with FOR
• She has lived here for twenty years.
• We have taught at this school for a long time.
• Alice has been married for three months.
• They have been at the hotel for a week.
 Present perfect with SINCE
• She has lived here since 1980.
• We have taught at this school since 1965.
• Alice has been married since March 2nd.
• They have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.
 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA
LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”
Class #8

Date: Thursday, September 30th

Topic: Everyday English. I’m really sorry I haven’t called./ Learn to apologise; make and
accept excuses/ Tones for continuing or finishing

Objective: To develop listening and speaking skills by establishing practice to interact

among them, in order to give apologies and excuses.

WORK IN PAIRS
Apologies and excuses

Anthony: Hi, Mary

Angelica: Oh, Hi.
Anthony: I’m sorry, I was very late to meet us.

Angelica I waited for you more than 2 hours.

Anthony: Yes, I just missed the first bus. And then, I took a taxi, but there was a lot
of traffic.

Mary: And why didn't you call me to say that you were going to be late?

Anthony: My cell phone ran out of battery.

Angelica: Ok, I understand you are things that happen.

Anthony: It's fine. We can watch the 7pm show if you don't have something to do.

Angelica: Ok, let's buy the tickets.

 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MACHALA
LANGUAGE CENTER - FOURTH LEVEL “K”
Class #9

Date: Friday, October 1st

Topic: Skills for writing. I couldn’t put the book down./ Learn to write an online book
review/ Positive and negative comments; although, however.

Objective: understand positive and negative points in a review by reading and listening, so
as to write a review of a book.

ALTHOUGH AND HOWEVER

‘However’ and ‘although’ both have similar meanings. They both loosely mean ‘but’.
The difference between these two words can be a struggle for many native and non-
native English speakers. The biggest difference between the two is that ‘however’ can
be used at the beginning of a sentence, whereas ‘although’ cannot.

The two words have very similar meanings. Although means “in spite of the fact that…”
and however simply means ‘but’. An easy way to remember when to use ‘however’ and
‘although’ is that the word ‘however’ can be used at the beginning and middle of a
sentence with a comma after it, and although is used in mid-sentence. Although doesn’t
always require a comma.

How to use However in Sentences

However, is used to contradict a statement. It has basically the same meaning as ‘but’.
Let us have a look at some good examples to see how it is used.

 The sky looks sunny. However, reports say that it might rain.
 I love going on hikes in the summer. However, it gets a little too hot sometimes.
 Jane really wanted to see me. However, I already had made plans.
 People say this weather is too hot. However, it is very cloudy.
  I want to go to the snow. However, the beach will be a lot better.

How to use Although in Sentences

Definition: To be used in spite of the fact of something. Let us have a look at some
examples to see how different ‘although’ is from ‘however’.

 I am very fluent in English, although French is my mother tongue.

 I enjoyed my day out with my friends, although Shelly brought that person
nobody likes.
 The weather was warm, although it was not sunny.
 I had such a good time, although I got very exhausted.
 We are best friends, although we barely get to see each other.

The words ‘however’ and ‘although’ can be used in most situations. However, they must
be worded accordingly or they don’t make sense.

EXAMPLES IN GENERAL:

 I can recommend the book. It’s difficult to read.

 I can recommend the book. However, it’s difficult to read.

 Although I can recommend the book, it’s difficult to read.

 I can recommend the book, although it’s difficult to read.

 It’s fiction. It’s based on a true story.

 It’s fiction. However, it’s based on a true story.

 Although it’s fiction, it’s based on a true story.

 It’s fiction, although it’s based on a true story.