BLOOD

Telegram.me/Dr_SUHAIP

1. For the reticulocyte to develop into a mature red blood cell, it takes:
a) 2 hours
b) 20 hours
c) 2 days
d) 7 days
e) 30 days

:2. The mature red blood cell volume is more than 100 femtoliters in
a) Vitamin B12 deficiency
b) Iron deficiency
c) Blood loss anemia macro large volume
d) Hemolytic anemia
e) Sickle cell anemia

:3. In parasitic infection, there is a marked increase in the count of

Neutrophils a)
b) Basophils
c) Eosinophils
d) Monocytes
e) Lymphocytes

4. Antigen-presenting cells present antigens to:

Neutrophils a)
b) Monocytes
c) Reticulocytes
d) B- Lymphocytes
e) T- Lymphocytes

5. Acute hemolytic anemia:

Is associated with low MCV a)
b) Is associated with high reticulocyte count
c) Is associated with low MCH
d) Leads to low urobilinogen in urine
e) Is usually caused by renal failure

:6. The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by factor

a) I
b) II
c) III =tissue thromboplastin
 d) IX
e) XII

:Which of the following substances is used as an anticoagulant in vivo only .7

a) Heparin
Calcium-chelating agents b)
c) Vitamin K antagonist
d) Thromboxane A2
Interleukin I e)

Urobilinogen .8
a) Is formed in the liver
b) Is not found in the normal urine
c) Gives the stool its normal color
d) Gives the urine its normal color
Its concentration in the blood is high in obstructive jaundice e)

:Concerning Hemoglobin S .9
a) The alpha-chain is missing
b) The beta-chain is missing
c) The alpha-chain is abnormal
d) The beta-chain is abnormal
e) Is more common in the Mediterranean area

The only antibody that can cross the placenta is: .10
IgA a)
b) IgG
c) IgM
d) IgE
e) IgD

:11. The main antibody in the primary immune response is

IgA a)
b) IgG
IgM c)
d) IgE
e) IgD

12. The vasospasm following the injury of the blood vessel:

Is due to sympathetic stimulation a)
b) Is reduced by pain
c) Is due to substances released by platelets
d) Lasts up to 5 minutes
e) Is more stronger in longitudinal than transverse injuries

:Neutrophils .13
a) Circulate in the blood for a few hours
b) Have blue granules
c) Are transformed into macrophages in the tissues
d) Have a kidney-shaped nucleus
e) Contain heparin

:14. Passive Immunity

Is due to antibodies produced by the body itself a)
b) Has a long duration
c) Forms the bases of vaccination against childhood diseases
d) Is due to memory cells
e) May be due to transplacental transfer of antibodies

15. The globin part of hemoglobin F consists of:

2 alpha and 2 beta chains a)
b) 2 beta and 2 gamma chains
c) 2 gamma and 2 delta chains
d) 2 alpha and 2 delta chains
e) 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains

16. The following are natural anticoagulants except:

Thromboxane A2 a)
b) Prostacycline
c) Protein C
d) Antithrombin III
e) Plasminogen

:17. The main constituent of a blood clot is

a) Thrombin
b) Fibrin
c) Plasminogen
d) Thrombinogen
e) Thromboplastin

18. Endothelium produces all of the following except:

Prostacycline a)
b) Thromboxane A2
c) Plasminogen
d) Protein C
e) Factor X

19. Cellular immunity is due to:

a) T lymphocytes
b) B lymphocytes
c) Monocytes
d) Neutrophils
e) Mast cells

:20. Action of plasmin is

a) Calcium chelation
b) Degradation of fibrin
c) Anti-thrombin
d) Stimulation of heparin
e) Release of tissue plasminogen activator

:21. Oncotic pressure of plasma is mainly maintained by

Fibrinogen a)
b) Albumin
c) Alpha-globulin
d) Beta-globulin
e) Gamma-globulin

:22. Hematocrit of 45% means that in the sample of blood analyzed

45% Hb is in the plasma a)
b) 45% of total blood volume is made up of plasma
c) 45% of Hb is in the RBC
d) 45% of the total blood volume is made up of cells
e) 45% of the red blood cell is made of hemoglobin

:23. Iron is absorbed in the

Stomach a)
b) Duodenum
c) Upper ileum
d) Terminal ileum
e) Colon

:24. Which of the following statements concerning the monocyte is incorrect

a) More common in blood than eosinophils
Produced in the adult by the bone marrow b)
c) Does not leave the circulation
d) Not classified as a granulocyte
e) Has a kidney shaped nucleus

:25. Concerning Vitamin B12

a) Is a fat-soluble vitamin
Is found in green vegetables b)
c) Is absorbed in the duodenum
d) Antagonized folic acid
Is required for myelin formation e)

26. Physiological Jaundice:

a) Is due to rhesus compatibility
Appears in the first 24 hours after birth b)
Is treated by exchange transfusion c)
Is due to excessive RBC breakdown d)
Is less common in pre-term babies e)

27. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the decreased production of the following

:factors
a) I
b) VII
c) VIII
d) XI
e) XII

28. In a 30 year old man, red bone marrow will be found at all these sites
:except
Skull a)
b) Ribs
c) Pelvic bones
Shaft of femur d)
e) Sternum

:29. Reticulocyte count in normal blood is

Zero a)
1% b)
3% c)
5% d)
e) 10%

:30. In obstructive jaundice

Bilirubin is excreted in the urine a)
b) Stool color is dark
c) Urobilinogen in urine is increased
d) Reticulocyte count is increased
e) Van Den Berg test is indirect

:31. Reticulocytes
a) Are found in the blood from a normal person
b) Contain a nucleus
c) Contain 30 picograms of hemoglobin
d) Are produced at a higher rate in a person with folic acid deficiency
e) Takes one week to mature into a RBC

:32. Causes of hypochromic anemia include

Removal of the ileum a)
b) Iron deficiency
c) Folic acid deficiency
d) Sickle cell anemia
e) Vitamin B12 deficiency

33. The following factors help in keeping the blood in the fluid state inside the
:circulation
The collagen lining of the endothelium a)
b) Thromboxane A2
Thrombomodulin c)
d) Flow of the blood
e) Factor XII

:34. Antibodies against the Rhesus Factor (anti-D)

a) Are natural occurring antibodies
b) Follows Lansteiner's law
c) Are immunoglobulin D (IgD)
d) Can cross the placenta
e) Are found in the plasma of all Rhesus negative subjects

:35. Most of the iron contents in the body is found in

The skeletal muscles a)
b) The liver
c) The bone marrow
d) The red blood cells
e) The plasma

:36. Vitamin B12 deficiency

a) Is common among vegeterians
b) Causes microcytic anemia
c) May result from diseases of the duodenum and jejunum
 d) Causes defect in myelination
e) Leads to neural tube developmental abnormalitites

:37. Hemoglobin A1C

a) Has a half life of a few days
b) Has iron in the ferric form
c) Is low in folic acid deficiency
d) Is an indicator of diabetes mellitus control
e) Is not found in normal subjects

38. Conjugated Bilirubin:

a) Is filtered by the kidneys
b) Its level is high in obstructive jaundice
c) Is formed in the small intestine
d) Circulates in the blood bound to albumin
e) Gives indirect Van Den Berg test

39 Osponization:
a) Helps the phagocytes recognize foreign antigens
b) Is the process of engulfing foreign bodies
c) Is the process by which neutrophils pass through the capillary
membrane
d) Is the opposite of chemotaxis
e) Is due to the perforins secreted by T-lymphocytes

40. Antibodies:
Are essential for activation of both complement pathways a)
b) Are secreted by helper T lymphocytes
c) Circulate in the albumin fraction of plasma proteins
d) Provide cellular immunity
e) Important in osponization

41. Concerning Plasma:

Forms 40% of the blood volume a)
b) Forms 8% of the body weight
c) Has the same composition as serum
d) Fibrinogen is the main plasma protein
e) 90% of its weight is water

42. Hemoglobin F consists of:

Four alpha chains a)
b) Four beta chains
c) 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
d) 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains
e) 2 alpha and 2 delta chains

:43. The shafts of long bones do not contain red bone marrow after
a) Birth
b) One year
c) 10 years
d) Immediately after puberty
e) 20 years

:44. Monocytes
Form 2% of white blood cells a)
b) Are antigen-presenting cells
c) Have a lobulated nucleus
d) Contain blue granules
e) Cannot leave the circulation

:45. Causes of anemia with MCV of about 70 femtoliters is caused by

Removal of ileum a)
b) Iron deficiency
Folic acid deficiency c)
d) Sickle cell anemia
e) Vitamin B12 deficiency

:46. Eosinophils
a) Have a kidney-shaped nucleus
b) Characterized by blue cytoplasmic granules
c) Forms 0.4% of white blood cells
d) Count is typically high in bacterial infection
e) Count may reach 8% in parasitic infection

:47. Regarding iron absorption

Is reduced by increased secretion of HCl a)
b) Is reduced by absence of intrisinc factor
c) Is reduced by tetracycline admiysteation
d) Iron from meat s better absorbed than iron from plants
e) Absorption takes place mainly in the ileum

:48. Hemoglobin A
a) Forms 90% of hemoglobin in the adult
b) Consists of 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains
c) Has less affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin
d) Contains iron in the ferric form
e) Its amount in each cell is about 20 picograms
:A person who is group B negative .49
Has antigen B and antibody B a)
b) His children may develop Rhesum if wife is Rhetus
c) He cannot be a father of a child whose group is AB
d) He cannot be a father of a child whose group is O
e) He cannot be a father of a child whose group is A

:50. All of the following may cause anemia except

a) Folic acid deficiency
b) Removal of the stomach
c) Vitamin D deficiency
d) Diseases of the terminal ileum
e) Chronic renal failure

:51. Bilirubin
Is a product of globin breakdown a)
b) Normal plasma level is 10 mg/ 100 mL
c) Is excreted mainly in urine
d) Gives the urine its characteristic colour
e) Excretion is feces is increased in hemolytic anemia

52. Iron:
Is found in high amounts in mother's milk a)
b) Is absorbed mainly in the lower intestine
c) Is transported in plasma with plasma transferrin
d) Is stored in the liver mainly as haemosiderin
e) Deficiency causes anemia with red cell volume typically about 105
femoliters

53. The following factors help keep the blood in the fluid state inside the
circulation:
a) The collagen lining the endothelium
b) Thromboxane A2
c) Thrombomodulin
d) Calcium in the blood
e) Factor XIII

:54. The normal range of blood volume in a 60kg male is

3.5-4.0 liters a)
b) 4.0-4.5 liters
c) 4.5-5.0 liters
d) 5.0-5.5 liters
e) 5.5-6.0 liters

55. Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

Decreased tissue demand for oxygen a)
b) Increased tissue demand for oxygen
c) An increased number of RBC'S
d) Moving from a higher altitude to a lower altitude
e) Taking large amounts of iron

:56. All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except

Low blood viscosity a)
b) High hematocrit
c) Increased blood volume
d) High blood pressure
e) Increased resistance to flow

57. The process of WBC's slipping out of the capillaries into tissues is called:
a) Thrombocytopenia
b) Diapedesis
Leukopenia c)
d) Leukocytosis
e) Osponization

?58. Which of the following is a characteristic of all leukocytes

They are phagocytic a)
b) They have cytoplasmic granules
c) They are nucleated
They are the most numerous of formed elements of blood d)
e) They are important in innate immunity

59. Mr. Ali's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?
Antibodies to A and B are present in plasma a)
b) There are no antibodies to A, B or Rh antigens in the plasma
c) His blood lacks the Rh factor
d) All of the above are correct
e) He has antigen A and B but not antigen D on his RBC's

60. B lymphocytes:
Have phagocytic functions a)
b) Produce helper cells
c) Their maturation is completed in the bone marrow
d) Characterized by a horse-shoe shaped nucleus
e) Constitute the majority of the lymphocytes

61. The red blood cells in males compared to females:

Have higher count a)
b) Live longer in circulation
c) Have more hemoglobin per cell (MCH)
d) Have larger volume (MCV)
e) Are less fragile

62. Rhesus incompatibility of the new born occurs only if:

a) The mother is Rh-, and the baby is Rh-
b) The father is Rh+, and the baby is Rh-
c) The new born is Rh+, and the father is Rh-
d) Cells in the fetus enter the mother's circulation
e) The mother and fetus are ABO incompatible

63. The first factor to be activated in the extrinsic pathway is factor:

II a)
b) V
c) VII
d) X
e) XII

64. Platelets:
Have a lifespan of 7 days a)
3
b) Count is 120 000 per mm
c) Produces prostacyclin
d) Are controlled by erythropoietin
e) Deficiency causes hemophilia

65. Plasma is different from serum in that it contains:

More sodium a)
b) Less calcium
c) More albumin
d) More fibrinogen
e) Less neutrophils

66. The type of white blood cells most likely to increase in parasitic infection
are:
Neutrophils a)
b) Eosinophils
c) Basophils
d) Monocytes
e) Lymphocytes

67. T Lymphocytes:
Are called T lymphocytes because they mature in the tonsils a)
b) Are more effective against intracellular antigens
c) Are essential for humoral immunity
d) Can produce antibodies
e) Are important in passive immunization of the fetus

68. Normal blood contains:

3 millions RBC's per mm3 a)
3
b) 15 000 WBC's per mm
c) 300 000 platelets per mm3
d) 10 grams Hb per 100 mL
e) 3 grams protein per 100 mL

:69. Methemoglobin
a) Is formed by the reaction of hemoglobin to glucosea
b) Is due to CO toxicity
c) Is due to reducing agents
d) Contains ferric ion instead of ferrous
than normal Hb e) Has higher affinity to O2

:70. Vitamin B12

A fat-soluble vitamin a)
b) It is not found in green vegetables
c) It is absorbed from the stomach
d) Deficiency causes microcytic anemia
e) Deficiency causes neural tube defect

71. The following cell produces antibodies:

Helper- T lymphocytes a)
b) Cycotoxic- T lymphocytes
c) Monocytes
d) Plasma cells
e) Eosinophils

72. The antibody found in highest concentration in mother's milk is:

IgG a)
b) IgA
c) IgM
d) IgE
e) IgD

73. The alternative pathway for complement activation is activated by:

a) T-helper cells
b) Antigen-antibody complex
c) Circulating factor in the plasma
d) Histamine
e) Factor XII

74. Eosinophil count of 6% is most likely found in:

Normal subjects a)
b) Bacterial infection
c) Parasitic infection
d) Viral infection
e) Fungal infection

75. The extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation:

Is triggered by contact of factor VII with collagen a)
b) Is slower than the intrinsic pathway
c) Requires factor III
d) Requires factor IX
e) Utilizes all the clotting factors in the blood

76. The following factor favors blood coagulation:

Smoothness of the endothelium a)
b) Thromboxane A2
c) Prostacyclin
d) Calcium chelating agents
e) Vitamin K

:77. Blood stored for transfusion

Is stored at -20oC a)
b) Plasma K+ concentration rises
c) With concentration of 2,3 DPG increases
d) Warfarin can be used as anticoagulant
e) Its affinity for oxygen decrease

:78. Reticulocyte count of 4% is most likely found in

Normal subjects a)
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency
 c) Folic acid deficiency
d) Lack of erythropoietin
e) Hemolytic anemia

:79. Packed cell volume in a blood sample was found to be 41% that means
41% of hemoglobin is in the plasma a)
b) 41% of the total blood volume is made of plasma
c) 41% of the hemoglobin is in the red blood cells
d) 41% of the total blood volume is made up of all blood cells
e) 41% of the blood cells are made up of red blood cells

:80. Tissue plasminogen activator is stimulated by

a) Factor X
b) Protein C
c) Thrombin
d) Thrombomodulin
e) Factor XIII

:81. Vitamin B12

A fat-soluble vitamin a)
b) Is needed for closure of the neural tube
c) It is absorbed in the stomach
d) Deficiency typically causes anemia of MCV more than 100
femtoliters
e) Is not stored in the body

82. The following is true about iron:

Milk is a rich source a)
b) Absorption needs intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach
c) Is found in hemoglobin in the reduced form
d) Deficiency is more common in males than in females
e) Is stored in the body mainly as hemosidrin

83. Bilirubin:
Levels in blood is 10mg/100mL a)
b) Is produced by the breakdown of the globin part of hemoglobin
c) Is excreted mainly in the urine
d) Excretion in urine is increased in hemolytic jaundice
e) Is converted in the intestine to stercobilinogen

84. Platelets:
Normal count is about 40 000/mm3 a)
b) Have a lifespan of 30 days
 c) Contain clotting factors
d) Secrete prostacyclin
e) Have receptors for protein C

85. The role of platelets in hemostasis does not include:

a) Release of vasoconstrictor substances
b) Adhesion to injured areas
c) Causing clot retraction
d) Activating the fibrinolytic system
e) Providing phosphoplipids to the clotting reactions

86. Platelets:
Normal count in the blood is 75,000- 120,000/uL a)
b) Produced in the yellow marrow of long bones
c) Need to be activated in the spleen
d) Can be stored in the refrigerator of the blood bank for 13 days
e) Do not have a nucleus

87. The principal cells that mediate the specific immune response include the:
Neutrophil granulocyte a)
b) Natural killer cells
c) Mast cells
d) Tissue macrophages
e) Oligodendroglial cells

88. The following is not one of the plasma globulins:

Angiotensinogen a)
b) Prothrombin
c) IgM
d) Elastin
e) Proteins of the complement system

89. The following is a characteristic complication of massive blood

transfusion:
a) Transmission of the HIV virus
b) Transmission of the malaria parasite
c) Hypocalcemia
d) Massive intravascular hemolysis
e) Myoglobinuria

90. Salah's blood group is AB while the blood group of his wife Anna is B.
:Their children will NOT have the following blood group genotype
AB a)
b) OO
c) AO
d) BO
e) BB

:91. A bleeding tendency is NOT usually expected in individuals suffering from

Obstructive jaundice a)
b) Liver cirrhosis
c) Vitamin K deficiency
d) Vitamin C deficiency
e) Vitamin A deficiency

:92. Monocytes
Forms 2% of white blood cells a)
b) Are precursors of Kuppfer cells
c) Have a lobulated nucleus
d) Contain blue granules
e) Cannot leave the circulation

93. The following is true about red blood cells:

a) Their count ranges between 6-8 million/mm3
b) Polycythemia means a decrease in red blood cell count
c) Red cell production occurs in the spleen
d) The red cells are biconvex discs
e) The red cells carry myoglobin

94. The following is true about Hemoglobin A:

Its concentration in males is about 19 g/dL a)
b) Is made of two alpha chains and two gamma chains
c) Has four binding sites for combining with O2
d) Does not transport CO2
e) The heme component contains Ferrous

:95. Hemolytic anemia is due to all of the following except

Malaria a)
b) Sickle cell disease
c) Spheroctosis
d) Rhesus incompatibility
e) Iron deficiency

96. Leucopenia:
Reduction in white blood cell count a)
b) Caused by acute bacterial infections
c) Caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency
d) Is normally seen in children
e) Might involve the granular cells

97. The following is a function of neutrophils:

Phagocytosis a)
b) Antibody production
c) Cell mediate immunity
d) Humoral immunity
e) Complement activation

:98. The following are true about T-Lymphocytes except

They produce antibodies a)
b) They are involved in cell mediated immunity
c) They form memory cells when activated
d) They are involved in transplant rejection
e) They are attacked by HIV

:99. Hemostasis requires involvement of all of the following except

Activation of factor X a)
b) Vasospasm
c) Platelets aggregation
d) Intrinsic system activation
e) Extrinsic system suppression

:100. Hemophilia is caused by

a) Deficiency of factor VIII
b) Deficiency of factor IX
c) Thrombocytopenia
d) Thrombocytosis
e) Liver failure

:101. The following diseases are transmitted by blood transfusion except

HIV a)
b) Hepatitis C
c) Hepatitis B
d) Syphilis
e) Influenza virus infection

:102. The bleeding time

Normally equals 15-20 minutes a)
b) Is abnormal in thrombocytopenia
c) Is abnormal in hemophilia
d) Is abnormal in liver failure
e) Reflects the vascular role in the arrest of bleeding
103. Unconjugated Bilirubin:
a) Is water-soluble
b) Is the main type of bilirubin in hemolytic jaundice
c) Gives direct Van Den Berg Test
d) Appears in urine
e) Is converted in the liver to stercobilinogen

104. The following cell produces heparin:

Neutrophil a)
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
d) Lymphocyte
e) Monocyte

105. The following cell is a precursor of kupffer cells:

Neutrophil a)
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
d) Lymphocyte
e) Monocyte

106. The count of the following cell is typically raised in parasitic infection:
Neutrophil a)
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
d) Lymphocyte
e) Monocyte

107. HLA type 1 is essential for the following cell to recognize foreign
antigens:
a) Plasma cells
b) B memory cells
c) T-cytotoxic cells
d) T-helper cells
e) T-memory cells

108. Regarding iron distribution in the body:

50% in hemoglobin a)
b) 30% as ferritin
c) 10% myoglobin
d) 5% hemosedrin
e) 3% enzymes
109. Neural tube closure may occur in babies whose mothers were suffering
from:
Vitamin B12 deficiency a)
b) Folic acid deficiency
c) Iron deficiency
d) Protein deficiency
e) Intrinsic factor deficiency

:110. Reticulocytes count in normal blood is

10% a)
b) 7%
5% c)
3% d)
1% e)

111. In hemolytic jaundice:

Bilirubin is excreted in urine a)
b) Stool color is pale
c) Van Den Berg test is direct
d) Urinary urobilinogen is increased
e) Reticulocyte count typically is < 1%

:112. The following cells are tissue macrophages except

Kupffer cells a)
b) Osteoclasts
c) Parietal cells
d) Microglial cells
e) Mesangeal cells

:113. Iron absorption takes place mainly in the

Stomach a)
b) Duodenum and jejunum
c) First part of ileum
d) Terminal ileum
e) Large intestine

:114. Myelination of the neurons may be abnormal if there is deficiency of

a) Vitamin B12
b) Folic acid
c) Iron
d) Erythropoietin
e) Interleukin 4
:115. The cell that is important in all types of immunity is
B-lymphocyte memory cells a)
b) T-memory cells
c) T-helper cells
d) Neutrophils
e) B-helper cells

:116. All of the following may be a complication of blood transfusion, except

Sodium overload a)
b) Potassium overload
c) Iron overload
d) Volume overload
e) Allergic reactions

:117. Methemoglobin
a) Is a hemoglobin bound to glucose
b) Is a hemoglobin with oxidized iron
c) Normally forms 30% of the total hemoglobin
d) Is formed when blood is exposed to reducing agents
e) Has a high affinity to O2

:118. Plasma
Is 85% water a)
b) Contains about 5g protein/dL
c) Contains 290 mosmol/liter
d) Volume can be measured by inulin dilution method
e) Constitute about 45% of the blood

119. Compared to other plasma proteins, albumin is the main generator of the
colloid osmotic pressure of plasma because:
Of its high concentration and relatively small molecular weight a)
b) It can bind other substances in blood
c) It can relatively easily cross the capillary membrane
d) It is not ionized
e) It can be made by the liver

120. Which of the following substances has the highest molar concentration
in plasma:
Glucose a)
b) Protein
c) Sodium
d) Calcium
e) Bicarbonate
121. Normal red blood cells:
a) Rupture if suspended in a solution which is 0.9% sodium chloride
b) Are more fragile than sphercytes
c) Count is about 5 million/mm3 in adult females
d) Count about 40 picograms of hemoglobin per cell
e) Volume is about 85 femtoliters

122. During the last month of pregnancy, red blood cells of the fetus are
produced mainly by:
Liver a)
b) Spleen
c) Bone marrow
d) Yolk sac
e) Lymph nodes

:An increase in the number of reticulocytes occurs in .123

a) Severe hemolysis
b) Folic acid deficiency
c) Iron deficiency
d) Erythropoietin deficiency
e) Vitamin B12 deficiency

:124. The main storage protein for iron in the body is

Hemoglobin a)
b) Transferrin
c) Ferritin
d) Hemopexin
e) Haptoglobin

:125. Destruction of red blood cells in the vascular system is associated with
Decreased potassium concentration in plasma a)
b) Agglutination of red blood cells
c) Increased secretion of hemoglobin in urine
d) Cyanosis
e) High transferring concentration

126. Appearance of the early forms of red blood cells in the blood may
indicate:
Iron deficiency a)
b) Folic acid deficiency
c) A high rate of erythropoiesis
d) Bone marrow failure
e) Erythropoietin deficiency

127. Of the total white blood cells, the normal percentages of the different
types of cells is:
About 40% neutrophils a)
b) Less than 1% basophils
c) About 60% lymphocytes
d) About 1% monocytes
e) 8% eosinophils

128. The lifespan of neutrophils

a) Is about one hour in the circulation
b) 4-5 days in tissues
c) Is prolonged in bacterial infections
d) In the circulation is longer than the half life of monocytes
e) Is longer than normal inpatients with hypersplenic function

129. Which of the following means attraction of white blood cells to the site
:of infection
Diapedesis a)
Ameboid motion b)
c) Chemotaxis
d) Complement fixation
e) Immune tolerance

:130. Active immunity

a) Develop against antigens with molecular weights greater than 8000
b) Does not develop unless a foreign organism or toxin invade
the
body
c) Is a function of phagocytes
d) Acquired by the child through the milk of his mother
e) Acquired by the fetus through the placenta
:131. Which of the following is not a function of antibodies
Agglutination of antigens a)
b) Precipitation of antigens
c) Attraction of white blood cells to the site of infection
d) Neutrolization of toxins
e) Lysis of bacteria

132. A baby whose blood group is A+ve and whose mother's blood group is
:can only mean that the father cannot be ,B+ve
Blood group O-ve a)
b) Blood group AB+ve
c) Blood group A-ve
d) Blood group AB-ve
e) Blood group A+ve

:133. The most important antigen for causing graft rejection is

Human leukocyte antigen a)
b) The ABO blood group antigens
c) The rhesus factor antigens
d) Cell membrane phospholipase
e) Cell membrane phospholipase A

134. The degree of vascular spasm following injury to a blood vessel depends
:mostly on
The degree of trauma to a blood vessel a)
b) The platelet count
c) The activity of the sympathetic nervous system
d) The concentration of clotting factors
e) The concentration of prostacycline in the blood

135. The Von Willibrand Factor:

a) Directly binds to and activates platelets
b) Is essential for formation of the platelet plug
c) Causes clot retraction
d) Activates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation
e) Deficiency prolongs the clotting time

?+136. Which of the following steps of coagulation does not require Ca2
Activation of prothrombin a)
Activation of factor IX b)
c) Release of tissue thromboplastin
d) Activation of factor X
e) Formation of prothrombin activator

137. A patient with obstructive jaundice is likely to develop bleeding tendency

:due to
a) Deficiency of prothrombin
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) Deficiency of von willibrand factor
d) Tissue thromboplastin deficiency
e) Formation of prothrombin activator

138. The tissue stabilizing factor is activated by:

a) Fibrin
b) Thrombin
c) Thrombomodulin
d) Active factor X
e) Plasmin

139. Folic acid:

a) Is a fat-soluble vitamin
b) Is found only in meats
c) Is needed for ana formation
d) Deficiency causes macrocytic
e) Deficiency causes defect in mitochondria

140. The most prevalent blood group is:

a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O (-ve)
e) O (+ve)

141. Most white blood cells are:

a) Lymphocytes
b) Monocytes
c) Neutrophils
d) Eosinophils
e) Plasma cells

142. A good indicator of hemolysis is:

a) Pale stool colour
b) High reticulocyte count
c) High white blood cell count
d) Macrocytosis
e) Microcytosis

143. Platelets:
a) Are produced in the spleen
b) Have a small nucleus
c) Change their shape when they make contact with collagen
d) Have a normal count of 10, 000 per mm3
e) Produce prostacyclin

144. The endothelium produces the following substances that helps keep the
:blood in the fluid state
a) Prostacycline
b) Thromboxane A2
c) Plasminogen
d) Protein C
e) Heparin

145. Concerning hemoglobin S, the abnormality is in the:

a) Alpha chain
b) Beta chain
c) Iron molecule
d) Porphyrin ring
e) The red cell enzymes

146. A person whose blood group is AB:

a) Has only antibodies against A antigens
b) Has only antibodies against B antigens
c) Has both antibodies A and B
d) Has no antibodies
e) Acts as a universal donor

147. Iron deficiency anemia is:

a) Due to intrinsic factor deficiency
b) Commoner in women than men
c) An example of hemolytic anemias
d) Typically seen in patients with hemoglobin S
e) Characterized by macrocytic cells

148. Hemophilia is due to deficiency of:

a) Platelets
b) Factor VIII
c) Factor X
 d) Factor XI
e) Factor XII

149. The white blood cells that contain blue granules are the:
a) Neutrophils
b) Basophils
c) Eosinophils
d) Lymphocytes
e) Monocytes

:Which of the following is the primary function of B lymphocytes .150

a) Phagocytosis
b) Production of antibodies
c) Production of complement
d) Regulation of red blood cell production
e) Cellular immunity

:151. Functions of antibodies include all of the following except

a) Neutralization of bacterial toxins
b) Osponizing bacteria
c) Promoting phagocytosis
d) Active inflammatory response
e) Inactivation of viruses

152. Vitamin K-dependent factors include:

a) Fibrinogen
b) Prothrombin
c) Tissue thromboplastin
d) Factor X
e) Factor VIII

153. Plasma is different from serum in that it contains:

Contains less albumin a)
b) Contains more fibrinogen
c) Has higher sodium concentration
d) Does not clot
e) Has no cells

154. The common pathway of coagulation starts with activation of factor:

II a)
b) V
c) VII
d) IX
e) X
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