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Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary: From Transliteration To Phonotonetics

Canepàri and Miscio give an in-depth description of the phoneticd and phonology of modern Tokyo Japanese. The phonetic symbols are very detailed, expanding the international phonetic alphabet to give the right nuances to every single phoneme (and its taxophones).

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Matteo Korben
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
263 views378 pages

Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary: From Transliteration To Phonotonetics

Canepàri and Miscio give an in-depth description of the phoneticd and phonology of modern Tokyo Japanese. The phonetic symbols are very detailed, expanding the international phonetic alphabet to give the right nuances to every single phoneme (and its taxophones).

Uploaded by

Matteo Korben
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Contents

Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary


From Transliteration to Phonotonetics

7 0. Foreword
11 1. Japanese vowels
11 Vowel devoicing
13 International Japanese vowels
17 2. Japanese consonants
17 Nasals
20 Stops “ stopstrictives, or ‘a‡ricates'
22 Constrictives, or ‘fricatives'
23 Approximants
24 ‘Trills'
25 Loanwords
27 3. Prosodies
28 Japanese accent
31 <e nature of Japanese accent
35 Japanese stress
43 4. Lexical combinations
51 5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten Appendixes
77 6. Symbols used in our transliterations and transcriptions
79 Mini-phono-dictionary as an introduction to transcription from transliteration
87 7. <e dictionary
87 1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo
128 2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-)
189 3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi)
248 4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu)
289 5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no
306 6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-)
348 7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu,
we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-)
375 8. Bibliography
379 O‚cial IPA chart
Contents

Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary


From Transliteration to Phonotonetics

7 0. Foreword
11 1. Japanese vowels
11 Vowel devoicing
13 International Japanese vowels
17 2. Japanese consonants
17 Nasals
20 Stops “ stopstrictives, or ‘a‡ricates'
22 Constrictives, or ‘fricatives'
23 Approximants
24 ‘Trills'
25 Loanwords
27 3. Prosodies
28 Japanese accent
31 <e nature of Japanese accent
35 Japanese stress
43 4. Lexical combinations
51 5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten Appendixes
77 6. Symbols used in our transliterations and transcriptions
79 Mini-phono-dictionary as an introduction to transcription from transliteration
87 7. <e dictionary
87 1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo
128 2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-)
189 3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi)
248 4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu)
289 5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no
306 6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-)
348 7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu,
we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-)
375 8. Bibliography
379 O‚cial IPA chart
0.
Foreword

0.1. For questions about general and natural phonetics and tonetics, the readers
are invited to refer to à 1-5 “ 7 of our JPA = Japanese Pronunciation “ Accents.
To prepare this dictionary, of course, we started from (Martin's) Pocket Japanese
Dictionary˚ and (Kenkyusha) New Japanese-English Dictionary. <eir alphabetical
order is the Latin (English) one: A˚ B˚ C˚ D…
Of course, we also used NHK Nihongo Hatsuon Jiten˚ and –arguably– Kindai-
chi “ Akinaga's Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten˚ which is the main source of
the present book. In fact, this is its transliterated version, and it keeps its tradi-
tional Japanese alphabetical order: A˚ AA, I˚ II…
It must be said, that, as for Sanskrit (and Hindi), also the Japanese table of syl-
lables is somewhat more logical (and phonological) than fully unscientific Latin,
Greek, or Cyrillic alphabets. In fact, the order of these last is clearly absurd and il-
logical, although as adult speakers we may still be –uncritically– convinced that
they are necessary and (even) ‘perfect', after having to put up with them, helpless-
ly, in our school years.
0.2. Arguably, since we should all clearly know that languages are –first of all–
spoken, sounds should be the only guiding criterion in preparing such practical
things as alphabets and syllabaries.
<us, it seems to be quite logical –and appropriate– that natural phonetics,
with its internal functional subcategory (\ phonemics) should be the only –uni-
versal– way to provide alphabets and syllabaries.
However, syllabaries are (still: because of their dangerous immobility) based on
very poor and naïve principles, instead of making a necessary qualitative leap in a
more realistic and natural way. In fact, more staightforward and naturally obvious
new combinations of phonically based elements should replace too simplistic com-
binations of two syllables, sadly grounded on extremely poor writing systems.
Lastly, by simply doing like this, the bonds of bungled traditional spellings
would definitely be broken.
0.3. Back to the Shin-Meikai dictionary, even à 18 of JPA is substantially an
English rendering of its Appendixes, represented here as à 5˘
We decided to prepare this transliterated dictionary, practically without tran-
scriptions, except in the necessary introduction to Japanese phonotonetics, where
8 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

everything is given on how to obtain actual transcriptions and real pronunciations,


firstly to save space and pages.

0.4. A second reason is that in addition to all the variants (obtainable starting
from the transliterations provided) as far as vowels, consonants, and pitch are con-
cerned, some di‡erent uses of stress are surely possible.
In fact, while pitch is phonemic in Japanese –\ distinctive– stress is not neces-
sarily so, even if it certainly is a very important part of real speech. On the con-
trary, in languages like English, stress is phonemic, while actual pitch depends on-
ly on intonation and paratonic strategies applied in natural and spontaneous
speech.
<irdly, a book like this can certainly be useful to all those people –including
phoneticians and linguists– who are interested in the pronunciation of Japanese
and of many other languages, without having to cope with o‚cial orthographies,
with all their peculiarities and limits. After all, this is not at all absurd. In fact, the
real language is the spoken one, not the written one, which is only a mere device
to fix texts.

0.5. <is dictionary on Japanese Pronunciation provides the modern neutral pro-
nunciation of Japanese, based on that of Tokyo. Our transliteration avoids diacrit-
ics for vowel ‘length', indicating long vowels as ii˚ ee˚ aa˚ oo˚ uu (instead of Ù˚ ´˚ `,
œ˚ Û˚ or î˚ ê˚ â˚ ô˚ û]˘ As far as consonants are concerned, we prefer the most widely
used system (by Japanese authors too: the Hepburn system), with a few exceptions
that we will indicate, which certainly improve our work.
Furthermore, instead of systematically adding a phonemic transcription, to indi-
cate the –not necessarily useful theoretical phonic structure– we use a clear translit-
eration system, and –in the introduction– precise phonotonetic transcriptions.
#thout them, it would be a completely useless work.
<erefore, we have: tsu (Tu)˚ fu (fu)˚ shi (Si)˚ sha (SjA)˚ sho (Sjo)˚ shu (Sju)˚
chi (ci)˚ cha (cˆA)˚ cho (cˆo)˚ chu (cˆu)˚ ji (Ëi, Ωi)˚ ja (ËjA, ΩjA)˚ jo (Ëjo, Ωjo)˚
ju (Ëju, Ωju)˚ zu (Zu, zu)˘ But we prefer to use a more ‘logical' cch (cc4ˆ7)
(which is less westerly than tch]˚ and ˙ (which others simply write as n˚ but then
as n' when followed by a vowel or y˚ within a word) /q/ (q) (M, Æ, N, ~, ì, ⁄)˘ In
addition, we have (≈) /≈/, that we render with ä˚ which can alternate with (g) /g/
(and even (k) /k/), as we will see below.
Length is distinctive for both vowels and consonants. We will indicate it by
doubling the phonemic and graphemic symbols – /kappoo/ and kappoo˚ respec-
tively. In our phonetic transcriptions, for contoid lengthening it is necessary to
add (:): (9kAp'p:oo+) (but, as can be seen and heard, after the second element).

0.6. In addition, our transliterations will systematically show the presence of


the accent –àkÎse˙to (_Aàk4Û7"s™Nàto=), ¬ Ã 3˚ by means of a grave accent on the vow-
el bearing it, after which the word pitch falls from mid to low. So, it is more icon-
ic than an acute accent (used by others).
0. Foreword 9

<is is important, because, in Japanese, even the pitch of the di‡erent morae
(which form syllables, words, phrases, and sentences) can be distinctive. Unfor-
tunately, the current Japanese writing does not show any accent˚ but our translit-
erations and transcriptions will show it clearly, including its possible variants.
For instance, the word hiràäànà (the cursive syllabic script widely used along-
side Chinese characters and historically derived from them) has three possible re-
alizations, as far as accent is concerned: (“HiŒrA'≈AànA=, “HiŒrA'≈AànA=÷ “HiŒrA'≈A_nA=) in
addition to (àHi'rAŒ≈A“nA=, àHi'rAŒ≈A“nA=÷ àHi'rAŒ≈A‘nA=) (the last one in each series
seems to be the least favored).
<us, we have six neutral possibilities, with tiny stress and pitch di‡erences,
which native neutral speakers actually happen to use, normally not at random, but
somehow preferring one of them. We are strongly tempted to call them ‘stritch'
peculiarities, which clearly cause real problems to foreigners (and oscillation by
native speakers, not only regional ones, often with quite di‡erent patterns).
A working notational solution, which might even become definitive, might be
(àHiŒrAŒ≈AànA=, àHiŒrAŒ≈AànA=÷ àHiŒrAŒ≈A_nA=), letting people free to choose their preferred
(and right) kind of prominence, including considering (ç) as something which is
in between a primary stress ('), and a secondary stress (‘), at a mid pitch (with their
unstressed counterpart as (_)). Of course, (Œ) might actually be a proper symbol,
hinting both at pitch and strength (as we have just done above).
Our source dictionary shows some preferences in the choice of alternative pro-
nunciations, but in a curious way, \ by putting less favorite choices in brackets,
even if shown first, at the beginning of an entry line. However, we show them one
after the other.
In lc's Italian Pronouncing Dictionary˚ such preferences are indicated in the fol-
lowing order: the best is given first, a former best choice –nowdays less favored–
is shown as second (separated by a dot), afterwards, a tolerated variant may be in-
dicated (separated by a semicolon). In that dictionary, also slovenly, intentional
and lofty variants are indicated, preceded by ‘appreciation' arrows.

0.7. Surely, someone might ask ‘„y produce such a translated pronouncing
dictionary˚ which is a mere Latinized version of an original Japanese dictionary?
Well, as we have already said, simply to help readers, linguists, and phoneti-
cians to find useful examples for their works, or to choose words for transcription
and pronunciation drills, even without actually knowing any of the traditional
Japanese writing systems.
Besides, this dictionary of ours does not limit itself to almost accent, but also
provides a full introduction to canIPA phonotonetics, applied to Japanese, with
many (necessary) articulatory and prosodic figures, which are a fundamental part
of Natural Phonotonetics.
Otherwise, it would be like discussing the splendor of magnificent paintings, by
just showing them in black and white. In a word, it would really be mere ‘phonanism'.
Arguably, much more (in more extensively dealt with chapters) about the pro-
nunciation of Japanese can be found in our Japanese Pronunciation “ Accents˚
10 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

where intonation is also carefully described, together with other useful material,
including transcribed texts, or regional and foreign accents.
In addition to a common usage of the typical Japanese accent [àkÎse˙to]˚ let us
notice that, at least for good and careful speakers, it can be used to distinguish tra-
ditional, new, or loan words, as for instance in: hatsuo˙° ‘pronunciation' and hatsùo˙
‘moraic n' (\ ˙]˚ or bìito° ‘beet' and biito° ‘beat', or nètto ‘net' and netto° ‘Net, \ in-
ternet'. However, common speakers are generally not even aware of this possibility.

Tokyo, 2018/7/7
¬uciano ©anepari (lu'ca;no &kane'pa:Ri)
Natural Phonetics “ Tonetics, University of Venice (Italy)
ƒrancesca µiscio (fRa¯'ceska 'miS:Sø)
Italian Language “ Phonetics, Musashino University of Music (Tokyo, Japan)
1.
Japanese Vowels

1.1. Japanese has only five vowels, which can be distinctively short or ‘long' (or
rather doubled, being realized as monotimbric diphthongs), and they can combine
into di‡erent kinds of sequences (as happens in a slow and careful pronunciation
of Spanish in Saavedra or La Habana (ßaa'Êe;ƒÍa, laa'Êa;na)).
However, too often Japanese pronunciation is hastily ‘described' as having the
vowels of Spanish and the consonants of English. We will see that this is not the
case at all.
˙ 1.1 gives the orograms of the articulations of these vowels: i˚ e˚ a˚ o˚ u (i, e,
A, o, u), ii˚ ee˚ aa˚ oo˚ uu (ii, ee, aa, oo, uu); ˙ 1.2 shows their vocogram, which
is much more precise. In addition, ˙ 1.3 presents their labiograms and palato-
grams, to give an overall view.

1.2. Since ‘long' vowels are phonemic sequences (and phonetic geminations),
the marker of (short) /a/ (A) is grey, seeing that it is articulated as a less open vo-
coid (even in stressed syllables).
In neutral Japanese pronunciation, the most problematic vowel (of course for
non-native speakers, but the most variable socially and regionally even for native
speakers) is u /u/ (u)˚ which lacks the typical and full lip rounding of (u), so wide-
spread in many languages. But let us notice that in neutral Mandarin-Chinese pro-
nunciation we find exactly /¥/ (¥) (articulated with completely spread lips).
Besides, (u) is articulated with the tongue dorsum in a fronter position than
for the (u) used in most languages; in fact, it is back-central, not simply back (thus
corresponding to the tongue position of a rounded (¯)).
Let us now see some examples for each vowel phoneme: iè (ài'e=)˚ gi˙koo° (ÇG¤⁄-
_koo+)˚ sabishìi (àsA'bi9Sii=)÷ eie˙° (Çei_™q+)˚ èäao ('eà≈Ao=)˚ karate° (àkA'rA_te+)÷ ài (çAi=)÷
zasshϰ (ÇZAS_S:Ù+)˚ mato° (àmA'to+)÷ nèko ('neàko=)˚ okìru (ào'Kiàru=)˚ otokò (ào'to_ko=)÷
sumì (àsu'mi=)˚ àkuma (_A"kuàmA=)˚ mushì (àmu'Si=).

1.3. For tautomorphemic ei and ou (belonging to the same lexeme) –but the lat-
ter is generally transliterated as oo (as the former can less satisfactorily be ee]– it is
more ‘normal' to have (ee, oo): se˙sèi (9s™qçsee=)˚ suiei° (àsu'iee+)˚ eikyoo° (Çee_Kªoo+)÷
òoshuu (çooàSjuu=)÷ ooäo˙ (Çoo_≈øq+)˚ ooe˙° (Çoo_™q+)˘ However, spelling and educa-
tion encourage more and more that ei /ee/ should become exactly ei /ei/, in modern
12 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

˙ 1.1. Neutral Japanese vowels: orograms.

i W

™ ø

˙ 1.2. Neutral Japanese vowels: vocogram.


/ii/ (ii) /uu/ (uu)
/i/ (i) /u/ (u)

/™™/ (™™) /øø/ (øø)


/™/ (™) /ø/ (ø)
/a/ (å)
/aa/ (aa)

˙ 1.3. Neutral Japanese vowels: labiograms and palatograms.

i W

™ ø

neutral pronunciation. In fact, we will give both versions: ei /ei/ sand ee /ee/.
Instead, for heteromorphemic ei and ou (in more or less simple lexical com-
pounds), it is certainly normal to have only (ei, ou): keito° (Çkei_to+)˚ sèi (çsei=)˚ ara-
sòu (àA_rAçsou=)˚ sou° (Çsou+)˘
1. Japanese Vowels 13

Also a slightly simplified pronunciation will be shortly dealt with, \ a kind of in-
ternational Japanese˚ quite su‚cient for foreigners to be understood and understand
other people using Japanese either as native or non-native speakers.
Instead, in our Japanese Pronunciation “ Accents (JPA]˚ we also show colloquial
and mediatic variants (including yàkuza and jeipòppu peculiarities). In addition, 20
regional accents have been accurately described in that book, so that readers can be
more ready to also understand native speakers using their everyday way of uttering
Japanese.

1.4. Each Japanese vowel can combine with any other, thus forming actual
diphthongs: (éé) (as ˙ 1.4 shows). Let us also clearly notice that each vowel can
even form a monotimbric diphthong by combining with itself, as we have seen
above: ii˚ ee˚ aa˚ oo˚ uu (ii, ee, aa, oo, uu)˘ <us, as already said, for various rea-
sons, we are firmly convinced that –for Japanese– the best notation (either phon-
ic or graphic) is (éé) VV (also to unambiguously show on which mora an accent
may be).
<e diphthongs are shown by means of di‡erent lines: unbroken lines for cur-
rent diphthongs; broken lines with larger strokes for rare diphthongs; broken lines
with shorter strokes for only possible diphthongs.

˙ 1.4. Neutral Japanese vowels: diphthongs.

/iu/ (iu) /ui/ (ui)

/i™/ (i™) /iø/ (iø) /u™/ (u™) /uø/ (uø)

/ia/ (iå) /ua/ (uå)

/™i/ (™i) /™u/ (™u) /øi/ (øi) /øu/ (øu)

/™ø/ (™ø) /ø™/ (ø™)

/™a/ (™å) /øa/ (øå)

/ai/ (åi) /au/ (åu)

/a™/ (å™) /aø/ (åø)


14 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

Vowel devoicing

1.5. Neutral Japanese has the peculiarity of presenting vowel devoicing, which
concerns /i, u/ (Ù, Û) between voiceless consonants, or between a voiceless con-
sonant and a pause. Generally, this happens when they are in low-pitch syllables,
but also in mid-pitch syllables, however never on ‘accented' morae.
After that, pitch becomes low, but not in interrogative tunes (which produce
a raising of the basic pitch): kÏshì (àKÙ'Si=)˚ kìshÏ ('KiàSÙ=)˚ hÏtòtsÎ (àHÙ'toàTÛ=)˚
kÎchibiru° (“kÛ_ci'bi_ru+)˚ takÎsà˙ (“tA_kÛçsÄq=).
Of course, voiceless vocoids are produced with no vibration of the vocal folds,
as in voiceless consonants, while for ‘normal' voiced vocoids the vocal folds do vi-
brate, as for voiced consonants and contoids, like /z/ in opposition to voiceless /s/.

1.6. Among the most frequent cases of /i, u/ devoicing, we certainly find the
following grammeme elements: dèsÎ ('deàsÛ=), -masΰ ('mA_sÛ+), -shÏta° (_SÙ‘tA+).
From a true phonetic point of view, they surely undergo resyllabification, mostly
becoming: dèsÎ (-£des=), -masΰ (-‘mAs+), -4V7shÏta° (-4é7S‘tA+).
Of course, the same is true within lexemes, as in the case of those just seen
above, which can certainly be heard as: kÏshì (ÇKSi=)˚ hanashì (àhA'nAS=)˚ hÏtòtsÎ
(çHtoT=)˚ kÎchibiru° (9kci'bi_ru+)˚ takÎsà˙ (àtAçksÄq=), akÎhyoo° (“A_kÛ'Hjoo+).
Let us notice that the first three never become anything like ‘(ÇkSi=, àhAçnAs=, çh-
tot=)'. In fact, the contoids that precede them maintain their coarticulations. <is
surely hints at the vocoids that have been dropped.
We will indicate each case where /i, u/ can be devoiced (or dropped). But, de-
pending on the speed of utterance, some of them may be only partially devoiced,
in slower speech: (I, U), or even remain fully voiced (i, u), instead of (Ù, Û).

1.7. In faster speech, more than one vowel (and even in consecutive syllables)
can be devoiced or dropped: bakÎchÏkΰ (àbA'ku_cÙ‘kÛ+, “bA_kÛ_cÙ'ku+), and even
tsÎkutsÎkubòoshÏ (“TÛ_ku‘TÛ_kuçbooàSÙ=, “TÛ_kÛ-), rekÏshÏtekϰ (“re_Ki_SÙ'te_KÙ+, “re_KÙ-),
fÎkushÏkikòkyuu (àfÛ‘ku_SÙ_Ki'koàKªuu=, àfÛ‘kÛ-, -_SÙ_KÙ-), but with some (i, u), in
slower speech.
Of course, a syllable with a devoiced/dropped vowel cannot keep its original
stress (rather theoretical in neutral pronunciation, by now, more a traditional kind
of pronunciation). So stress is shifted, then: mushÏke˙° (“mu_SÙ'˜™q+÷ àmu'Si_˜™q+).
Instead, in (more) modern pronunciation –and also in mediatic and colloquial
pronunciations– we can certainly find mushike˙° (àmu'Si_˜™q+), too.

1.8. <e same goes for kitte°˚ tsùkÎ˚ kakùsÎ˚ akìkaze which traditionally become
(9KÙt'te+, àTÛ'ku=, 'kAàkÛ“sÛ=, “A_KÙ"kAàze=) [kÏtte°˚ tsÎkù˚ kàkÎsÎ˚ akÏkàze], changing
stress pattern. However, modernly they are (ÇKit_t:e+, 'TuàkÛ=, àkA'kuàsÛ=, àA'KiàkA“ze=,
“A_Ki"kAàze=), compromise realizations, but of course, a partially or totally devoiced
(I, Ù÷ U, Û) can be heard, too: (ÇKIt_t:e+, ÇKÙt-÷ 'TUàkÛ=, 'TÛ-÷ àkA'kUàsÛ=, -'kÛ-, àA'KI-
àkA“ze=, àA'KÙ-, “A_KI"kAàze=, “A_KÙ-)).
1. Japanese Vowels 15

On the other hand, we often find ‘intermediate' accents between true neutral
ones and more typical mediatic or colloquial accents, even in the recordings of
many teaching courses, and not only those for general learning, but also some on
the pronunciation of Japanese.
Some further examples: kÏkù (àKÙ'ku=), bàkÎfÎ ('bAàkÛ“fÛ=, -“fu=), sÎsumu° (àsÛ-
'su_mu+), chÏkarà (àcÙ'kA_rA+), hÏtori° (àHÙ'to_ri+), kÏppu° (9KÙp"p:u+), shìshÏ ('SiàSÙ=),
chìsso (çcis:so=), kÏkÏchiäai° (“KÙ_Ki'ci_≈Ai+, “KÙ_KÙ-), chìshÏkÏ ('ciàSÙ“Ki=, -“KÙ=), nyuuäa-
kùshÏkÏ (9˙juu'≈A_kÛàSÙ“KÙ=, “˙juu_≈A'kuàSÙ“KÙ=). And: kishÏtsΰ/kÏshitsΰ (or even
kÏshÏtsΰ, in spite of its seeming impossibility– if simultaneous– but it is space sav-
ing, allowing possible alternating choices) ("Ki_SÙ‘TÛ+, àKÙ'Si_TÛ+), fÎhìtsuyoo/fÎhi-
tsùyoo/fuhÏtsùyoo (or fÎh˜tsıyoo) (àfÛ'HiàTuàjoo=, àfÛ_Hi'Tuàjoo=, àfu_HÙ-, àfÛ_HÙ-),
fÎkù/fùkÎ (or fıkı) (àfÛ'ku+, 'fuàkÛ=), àkÏ ('AàKÙ=), kàrasÎ (_kA"rAàsÛ=, 'kAàrA“sÛ=),
àki-no ('AàKi“no=, _A"Kiàno=), kàrasu-wa (_kA"rAàsu“wA=, ‘kAàrA"suàwA=).
In JPA˚ we dealt with further colloquial (and mediatic] pronunciation peculiar-
ities on di‡erent kinds of devoicing.

International Japanese vowels (˙ 1.5)

1.9. Let us say a few words on a type of pronunciation, which is somehow


di‡erent. In fact, while that one is an actual native neutral pronunciation, this one
is a simplified version, most suitable for teaching Japanese pronunciation to for-
eigners, with (a, Y, YY) (˙ 1.5) instead of (A, u, uu). <is can be su‚cient; but,
of course, the acquisition of proper (u, uu) would be (much) better.
We call it ‘international Japanese pronunciation': it has only five stable vocoids,
both short and doubled (as monotimbric diphthongs for ‘long' vowels): (i, ii÷ e,
ee÷ a, aa÷ o, oo÷ Y, YY). <us, no (A), but rounded (Y, YY) (back-central, like (u,
uu), and di‡erent from the very widespread (u, uu), found in so many languages,
which sound too non-Japanese).
Of course, the international diphthongs are the combinations of the basic inter-
national vocoids. In this kind of pronunciation, no nasalization (even light) is nec-
essary, while in neutral Japanese pronunciation slight or partial nasalization is nor-
mal on vocoids followed by /q/, as shown in the examples given in § 2.6-7.
In international pronunciation, /q/ can be realized as (]) (shown in ˙ 1.5), or
as some nasal or seminasal contoid, either homorganic or not (¬ §2.8).

˙ 1.5. International Japanese vowels: vocogram. For (]) ¬ § 2.8


/i4q7/ (i4]7) /u4q7/ (¯4]7)
/ii4q7/ (ii4]7) /uu4q7/ (¯¯4]7)
]
/™4q7/ (™4]7) /ø4q7/ (ø4]7)
/™™4q7/ (™™4]7) /øø4q7/ (øø4]7)
/a4q7/ (a4]7)
/aa4q7/ (aa4]7) ¯
16 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

As regards vowel devoicing, in slow ¸ poor Japanese, its absence does not both-
er much, including hesitations and false starts. But, of course, native hearers would
appreciate much more a fluent and sure rate. <us, it is certainly a good idea to
imitate native speakers as far as possible, especially for dèsÎ and dèshÏta, and other
forms in -shÏta, and similar ones.
Of course, instead of actual structures like (-‘deàsÛ=), (-‘deàSÙ“tA=), with more or
less clearly perceptible two or three syllables, although with (0´), it is more than
su‚cient to simply utter (-£deF=), (-£des:=), (-£des=), (-£de‡àtA=), (-£deS:àtA=), (-£deSàtA=), Æ.
2.
Japanese Consonants

2.1. As we have already said, it is currently thought that Japanese consonants are
pronounced like those of English. We have to correct this false information, which
is further reinforced by the widespread use of ch˚ j˚ sh˚ f˚ ts in transliteration (as we
do ourselves, for the sake of simplicity). In fact, ch˚ j˚ sh stand for (cª÷ Ëj, Ωj÷ Sj),
with no absorption of (j) (in spite of possible international realizations with no (j)).
Besides, f is not (f), but (f) (except in international pronunciation, as a possi-
ble simplification). «nally, there is (q), that –as we will see– is an intense (‘syllab-
ic') provelar semi-nasal: /q/ realized as (q) after /e4e7, a4a7, o4o7, u4u7/, but as (%),
after /i4i7/, in /i4i7q/, or before /4h7j/.
<e table of ˙ 2.1 gives the consonantal articulations of Japanese, which are
necessary for an adequate neutral pronunciation of this language.

˙ 2.1. Table of neutral Japanese consonants. For the xenophoneme {B}, ¬ § 2.19.
bilabialized
bilabialized
prepalatal

postpalatal
prepalatal

provelar

laryngeal
provelar
prevelar
alveolar
bilabial

palatal
dental

velar

Ñ (M) (˙) (∫) (µ) (n) (–) ^ (˙) («)


ö m (æ) n (~) (§) (œ) ˙
F p b t d (K G) (˜ ‡) k g (ö)
Ô (q Q) (c Ë)
ƒ
_ s z (S Ω)
ß (F) {B} j (H) w h (H)
‹ m-(¬)

Nasals (˙ 2.2)

2.2. At the beginning of syllables, Japanese has three possible nasal phonemes:
m /m/ (m) (bilabial), n /n/ (n) (alveolar; realized, however, as prepalatal, (˙), be-
fore /i, j/, by assimilation): nimono (à˙i'mo_no+)˚ and ä (≈, œ, §) (tendentially velar):
aäàkÎ (àA'≈AàkÛ=) (less friendly rendered as a plain g]˘
But we must add at once that, within words, ä /≈/ (≈, œ, §) can be systematic
only in the most neutral type of pronunciation, after /é, q/. In fact, nowadays the
18 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

oscillation between (≈) and (g) is very widespread, but with much fluctuation be-
tween people and words. In colloquial and international pronunciation, (g, ‡, G)
predominate.
However, no neutral native speaker systematically has only (g, ‡, G). In (sen-
tence, phrase, lexeme, or grammeme) initial position, (g, ‡, G) occurs, even for
speakers who possess (≈, œ, §); for -äa we normally find (≈A); for the conjunction,
we have ga (gA), but äa (≈A) is possible too, even after a pause. Certainly, the word
gò ('go=) ‘five' always has (g), whether in its plain form or in compounds.
Again, we find (g, ‡, G) –above all– in loanwords, in imitative expressions, in
Chinese reduplicate words, and after certain proclitics (which are obviously het-
erorganic): gìäa ('Già≈A=)˚ gì˙äa (çG¤ìà≈A=); miäi° (àmi'§i+)˚ maäuro° (àmA'≈u_ro+)˚
mo˙gè˙ (9møì燙q=)˚ magò (àmA'go=)˘

2.3. Summing up systematically˚ we have: initial g is /g/ (g, ‡, G), but ä /≈/ most-
ly in -äa [hàru-äa]˚ -äùrai˚ äòtoshÏ\ gaikokΰ˚ gi˙koo°˚ guai°˚ geta°˚ gòmu˘ Internal g is
ä /≈/: yanaäi°˚ uäùisÎ˚ tsuäeru°˘
Exceptions. Imitative words: gà˙-ga˙˚ gèra-gera˚ gòro-goro˘ Number gò ‘five' and
its compounds, like jùugo˚ gohyakugojùu. Words with ‘honorific' o-\ o-gyòoäi˚ o-gè˙-
kÏ. But, notice that with non-honorific prefixes both versions are mostly accepted:
hiäòori and higòori˚ fuäòokakÎ and fugòokak΢
We have g˚ at the beginning of the second lexeme in compounds˚ when their link
is weak, but not when it is strong: kootoogàkkoo˚ Niho˙Gì˙koo˚ madogàrasÎ÷ but:
chuuäàkkoo˚ shi˙äoo°˘ We also find ä in compounds from original k\ kabushÏki-äài-
sha˚ kÎchi-äè˙ka˘
Loanwords, mostly from English. Long-standing loans with an original /≈/ pho-
neme have ä˚ while, more recent loans have /±≈/ or /g/: kì˙äu˚ bòkÎshi˙äu˚ bìrudi˙äu˚
oruäa˙°˚ asÎparàgas΢ #th geminate gg /gg/\ ha˙dobàggu˘

˙ 2.2. Neutral Japanese consonants: nasals.

m ˙ n ~

∞ ” ˙ ,

M ˙ ∫ µ

ë Ω ⁄ ›

« N ≠
2. Japanese Consonants 19

2.4. An even bigger (but interesting) phonic problem –regarding nasals– aris-
es from a fourth Japanese nasal phoneme, \ moraic ˙ /q/˚ which always occurs in
a syllable coda and has a prevailing articulation as ‘semi-provelar' (\ provelar sem-
inasal, with no actual contact between the dorsum and the velum). It is phoneti-
cally more energetic, \ intense (q).
As already said, should somebody want –or have– to avoid writing ˙, in trans-
lations, and use n˚ they should also use n' before y (or before a vowel) in the same
word, but belonging to a di‡erent syllable.
Of course, ˙ is much better –although, obviously– the macron does not hint
at a contoid of longer duration. However, by thinking about it as something
‘bulkier' than a simple nasal contoid, certainly helps in not considering –nor ut-
tering it– as a plain nasal contoid.
In fact, although it is not longer, it surely has an auditorily greater prominence,
since it is intense (or ‘syllabic'). But, let us immediately state that it is quite wrong
to claim that ‘it always has a full syllable beat of its own'. Clearly, a sequence like
/éq/ does not contain two syllables, but just one, (éq) (or its several taxophonic
variants, which we will see shortly).
2.5. <ings are quite di‡erent for English cotton ('khØtó) {('khØt-ó, 'khØö-ó)}, or
German sagen ('za:g˙), where the last segment really is a syllable in itself (togeth-
er with (g) in the German example: ('za:-g˙)).
Another still frequently told ‘tale' is that the Japanese moraic ˙ /q/ is a ‘uvular'
nasal, (…), \ (ó) (also see ˙ 2.2). In actual fact, in absolute final position, /q/ is
normally (q); but in isolated words, said as examples, ‘committed' speakers may
use intense pre-uvular or uvular seminasals, (N, c ≠)
c (¬ ˙ 2.2). <ey are also able to
exhibit a true uvular intense nasal, (ó) (given in brackets in ˙ 8.1), which they
would not ever use in everyday speech.
Clearly enough, in Mandarin Chinese, we actually find /…/ (…): kô˙xí <‘k≈Ô„-
(©¤≤. It is rather easy to usefully compare it with all the Japanese taxophones (by
the way, let us also compare Chinese (ß) with neutral Japanese (S)).
Of course, English speakers (and ‘phoneticians') feel that it is di‡erent from their
(˙) in taken ('th™Ikô). However, in its basic form, the correct Japanese taxophone
is (q) (intense provelar seminasal contoid): di‡erent from both (˙) and (ó).
In fact, it is slightly fronter than (˙), and perceptibly fronter than (ó). But,
most of all, it has no firm contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth,
or soft palate, as can be seen in ˙ 2.2.

2.6. <e phoneme /q/, realized exactly as (q) (or as postpalatal, (%), after /i, ii,
ei/, or before /j, hj, hi, hii/) occurs in three positions:
(1) before continuous consonants (\ those produced with an incomplete occlu-
sion of the oral cavity), that is /s/ (s, S), /z/ (z, Ω), /j/ (j), /w/ (w), /h/ (h, H, f),
(2) before a vowel (which is heterosyllabic, of course), and
(3) in final position before a pause (or, again, before continuous contoids or vowels).
Some examples\ e˙sa˙° (9™q'sÄq+)˚ ha˙sha° (ÇhÄQ_SjA+)˚ u˙yu° (Ǩ%_ju+)˚ ka˙wa°
20 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

(ÇkÄq_wA+)˚ seisà˙hÏ (9seeçsÄ%àHÙ=)˚ sè˙hyakÎ (çs™%àHjA“kÛ=)˚ gosè˙fÎ (àgoçs™%àfÛ=)˚ ta-


˙ì (9tÄq'i=)˘
2.7. However, by assimilation, /q/ has other taxophones, too, as already said. In
fact, it is articulated as a nasal contoid (with full contact, and homorganic to a fol-
lowing consonant, which has a complete oral closure, and /q/ is always intense):
(1) (M, Æ, N, ⁄) (and (ì, ù)), before the correspondent stops (p, b÷ t, d) and /k, g/
(k, g) (and (˜, ‡÷ K, G)): sa˙po° (ÇsÄM_po+)˚ shi˙bu˙° (ÇS¤M_b¨q+)˚ u˙te˙° (ǨÆ-
_t™q+)˚ tè˙kÏ (çt™ùàKÙ=)˚ tà˙ka (çtÄ⁄àkA=), and
(2) (Æ, ~) before dental or bilabialized prepalatal stopstrictive taxophones of /t/ (T,
c) and /z/ (Z, Ë): ba˙zài (9bÄÆçZAi=)˚ e˙choo° (Ç™~_cªoo+)˚ ni˙ji˙° (Ç˙¤~_ˤ%+)
(3) (M, N, ~, ⁄) (and (ì, ù)), before the nasals, /m, n, ≈/ (m˚ n˚ ä]˚ and again (N) be-
fore r /r/ (R): ù˙mei (ç¨Màmei=, -ee=)˚ a˙nài (9ÄNçnAi=)˚ ni˙nikΰ (Ç˙¤~_˙i‘kÛ+)˚ a˙äai°
(ÇÄ⁄_≈Ai+) (with its secondary variant à˙äai(çÄ⁄à≈Ai=))˚ and a˙rakΰ (9ÄN'RA_kÛ+)˘

2.8. In international pronunciation, /q/ can be realized either as some seminasal


or fully nasal contoids, either homorganic or not, or even as a nasalized high central
vocoid, (]) (¬ ˙ 1.5), thus forming diphthongs or thiphthongs, (é´, éé´), corre-
sponding to (éq, ééq), in a very natural way, which simplifies things, rather than
complicating them, as it might seem, if thinking hastily. In fact, this structure has
a vocoid in place of an intense sonant contoid.

Stops (˙ 2.3) “ stopstrictives, or ‘a‡ricates' (˙ 2.4)

2.9. Japanese has three diphonic pairs for stops: the voiceless are p˚ t˚ k /p, t, k/
(p, t, k): ka˙pai° (ÇkÄM_pAi+), tàko ('tAàko=)˚ kÏppu° (9KÙp'p:u+)˚ watà (àwA'tA=)˚ kè˙poo
(çk™Màpoo=). In emphatic speech, they can be ‘aspirated', (ph, th, kh). Word-initial
/p/ only occurs in loanwords and onomatopeic forms.

˙ 2.3. Neutral Japanese consonants: stops.

pb td {T D} {© á}

£8 ´Ò kg

˙ 2.4. Neutral Japanese consonants: stop-strictives.

qQ bB {c G} {⁄ Á}
2. Japanese Consonants 21

2.10. <e greatest ‘oddity' regards t /t/ (t) which, by assimilation, before i˚ y /i,
j/ (i, j), is realized as a prepalatal stopstrictive (c) (which is vertically bilabialized,
not protruded, as indicated by the diacritic (6), ¬ ˙ 2.4).
It is transliterated as ch˚ even if /j/ (j) remains, not being absorbed or dropped,
as it might be suggested both by its simplified writing, that we ourselves use, and
the poor phonetic renderings, that we still find in too many books, as ‘(fl)', or even
‘(c)'. <is last one is not fit at all, being strongly protruded, too – but, in pronun-
ciation, /0j/ ê (J) are possibile.
However, it is important to note that, before /i, j/, by assimilation, its vertical
lip rounding is reduced to something like (fl), but the phone remains di‡erent
from (⁄), which is completely unrounded, or, better, with spread lips).
So, for neutral Japanese, it is much better to use the symbol (c), also to useful-
ly di‡erentiate it from the Mandarin Chinese one, (fl), which has a (more) normal
vertical rounding. A few examples: chÏchì (àcÙ'ci=), cha˙to° (ÇcªÄÆ_to+)˘

2.11. In addition –and even more ‘strangely'– t /t/ (t), before /u/ (u) is real-
ized as a dental stopstrictive (T) (transliterated as ts): tsuäì (àTu'§i=) (, ¬ ˙ 2.4).
Let us observe, once and for all, that the so-called ‘palatal' realizations of /k, g,
≈/, \ (K, G, §) are rather ‘postpalatal' (or retracted palatal), and are more satisfactor-
ily represented by means of the symbols shown, instead of (©, á, N), although clear-
ly stating that they are realized in the rear part of their articulatory space, that we
define ‘postpalatal', which in any case remains distinct from the ‘prevelar' articu-
lation, (˜, ‡, œ), typical of most languages before front vowels and (j), as in English
key ('˜hI;i), regular ('>e‡-jÈlA) (Am. Engl. ('<e‡-jÈl≥))˚ singing ('s¤œ-¤≈).
<us, we have: kÏppu°˚ miäi°˚ tsuäì (9KÙp'p:u+, àmi'§i+, àTu'§i=), provided (§i) re-
mains di‡erent from (˙i). <erefore, /ni/ (˙i) should not be rendered as if it were
‘(Ni)', but, in international pronunciation, we may accept /ni/ (Ni), which is better
than plain (ni). <e same happens with /ki, gi/ (©i, ái), and (Ki, Gi), as well.
Let us also notice that, in neutral pronunciation, ky˚ gy˚ äy /kj, gj, ≈j/ are (Kª, Gj,
§j), sequences of postpalatal contoids and a palatal approximant (which is partially
devoiced after voiceless stop phonemes). <us, we also find: /pj, bj, mj÷ tj, dj, nj/
(pª, bj, mj÷ cª, Ëj, ˙j). In international pronunciation, prevelar realizations can
be acceptable: (˜, ‡, œ÷ ˜j, ‡j, œj).

2.12. For the voiced phonemes, we have b /b/ (b): subèru (àsu'beàru=), baikai°
(ÇbAi_kAi+)˚ jù˙bi (çËj¨Màbi=). <e phoneme d /d/ (d) poses no problems, except
that genuine Japanese words never have di, dyV and du˚ substituted by ji /zi/ (Ωi,
Ëi), jV /zjé/ (Ωjé, Ëjé), and zu /zu/ (zu, Zu): dàiji˙ (çdAiàΩ¤%=÷ -àˤ%=)˚ juzù
(àËju'zu=÷ -'Zu=)˘
Its normal distribution, non-emphatic and non-slow, has (éΩi÷ |Ëi, ~Ëi) and
(éΩjé÷ |Ëjé, ~Ëjé) (but, in formal pronunciation, (éËi, éËjé) are commoner,
as they are in slow speech, too, and often when talking to foreigners).
Also g /g/ (g, ‡, G) poses no problems: gòäaku ('goà≈A“kÛ=), or goäaku° (àgo'≈A-
_kÛ+), geisha° (LJei_SjA+), Gifu° (àGi'fu+), apart from a complementary (or alterna-
22 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tive) distribution with ä /≈/ (≈, œ, §), which is the most frequent and typical neu-
tral realization, although too often riskily shown as simple g. Some examples: ma-
äuro° (àmA'≈u_ro+), kàgiri (_kA"œiàri=), ò˙äakÎ (çø≈à≈A“kÛ).

2.13. We do not find /≈/ (≈), but /g/ (g), in gò ('go=) ‘five', also within words.
After a prefix, we have /g/ (g) again: oogiri (9oo'Gi_ri+). In onomatopoeic and mimet-
ic words, as well: gàta-gata ('gAàtA“gAàtA=), gùi-gui (_gu"iàgui). <e same happens in
compound words: kootoogàkkoo (9koo_tooçgAkàk:oo=); and in loan words: bàage˙
(çbaaà‡™q=), and adapted proper nouns: Igirisΰ (ài'Gi_ri‘sÛ).
Normally, also word-initial g is /g/ (g): gairaiäo° (9gAi'rAi_≈o+). Notice that -äo
(_≈o+) ‘word' is di‡erent from gò ('go=) ‘five'. In addition, we have enclitic gram-
memes like: -äa (-_≈A+), -äo (-_≈o+), -äòro (-‘≈oàro=), -äùrai (-‘≈uàrAi=).
Word-initial vowels, both at the beginning or in the middle of phrases and sen-
tences, are generally preceded by (ö) (also shown in ˙ 2.3), especially for empha-
sis˚ or to separate vowels of adjoining words.
<is fact will be indicated prevailingly in connected transcriptions (to avoid
people think that current Japanese is quite similar to northern German, with its
predominating (˘öé) – not only when stressed: (˘'öé)).

Constrictives, or ‘fricatives' (˙ 2.5)

2.14. Japanese has a couple of grooved dental constrictives: s /s/ (s, S), z /z/ (z,
Ω)˘ <e voiceless one, /s/, is realized as a bilabialized, but not protruded, prepalatal
(S), before i /i/ (i) or y /j/ (j). <us, it is transliterated as sh˚ and before yV /jé/ (jé),
as shV˘ However, /j/ (j) does not disappear, although it may become a semiapprox-
imant, (J), in neutral pronunciation (or, actually (¢), in international pronuncia-
tion): shashi˙° (àSjA'S¤%+).
<e corresponding voiced phoneme, z /z/˚ is (ézé) (in slow — careful pronun-
ciation: (éZé)) and (|Zé, NZé). Hence, it is realized as a dental constrictive, be-
tween vowels, both in words and sentences, either in normal or fast speech. How-
ever, after a pause or /q/, it is realized as a stopstrictive: kaze° (àkA'ze+) (slow — care-
ful: (àkA'Ze+)), zua˙° (àZu'Äq+)˚ sè˙zo (çs™ÆàZo=)˘
In addition, /z/ (Ω, Ë) is transliterated as j˚ before i /i/ (i). <e same happens
before other vowels in the sequence /zjé/: jV (Ωjé, Ëjé) (although /j/ (j) remains,
with the same peculiarities seen for /s/). It is realized as prepalatal rounded (again,
with somehow reduced rounding) (éΩi, éΩjé) (slow — careful: (éËi, éËjé)) and
(|Ëi, |Ëjé÷ ~Ëi, ~Ëjé): Fùji ('fuàΩi=)˚ jite˙° (àËi't™q+)˚ ka˙ji° (ÇkÄ~_Ëi+)˘

˙ 2.5. Neutral Japanese consonants: constrictives.

sz ∫Ê {S Z} {À =}
2. Japanese Consonants 23

Approximants (˙ 2.6-7)

2.15. Japanese has three approximants. <e first, y /j/ (j)˚ is (voiced) palatal: sa-
yo(o)nàra (àsA'jo4o7_nA“rA=)˚ yashÏkì (“jA_SÙ'Ki+)˚ miyako° (àmi'A_ko+)˚ yookyuu° (Çjoo-
_Kªuu+)˚ shùushÏ (çSjuuàSÙ=)˘
As can be seen from our examples, it remains unchanged in word-initial position
/˘jé/ (˘jé), whereas it is realized as a phonetic ‘zero', (¢), when preceded by i /i/: /ijé/
ê (ié).
As already said, after the voiceless stop phonemes /pjé, tjé, kjé/, /j/ is devoiced,
(ª): (pª, cª, Kª); but it remains (j) after other consonants (even if voiceless, s˚ h /s,
h/ (S, H)]˚ and without being absorbed by /t, s, z, h/: (cª, Sj, Ωj, Ëj, Hj) (in spite
of current transliterations as ch, sh, j˚ which, however, can hint at international
pronunciation). Sequences such as yi, ye do not occur.

˙ 2.6. Neutral Japanese consonants: approximants (1).


˝ ˝ ˝ ˝
j ã w j

2.16. <e second Japanese approximant, w /w/ (w) (˙ 2.6), which occurs in the
syllable wa, is a voiced vertically rounded provelar, di‡ering from (w), which is ve-
lar and fully rounded. It has the same relationship with u /u/ (u) as happens in En-
glish between /w/ (w) and /uu, ¨, u/ (¯u, Uu, ¨, ¯): win ('w¤n:), quick ('khw¤k), few
('fj¯;u), two ('Th¯;u) (Am. Eng. ('ThU;u)}, took ('Th¨k), to eat (Th¯'IiT). <us, we have:
watashϰ (àwA'tA_SÙ+)˚ kawa° (àkA'wA+)˚ uwasa° (àu'wA_sA+)˚ de˙wa° (Çd™q_wA+)˘
In neutral Japanese pronunciation, with /q/, we also have: /q/ (%)+(H, j, i, ˘i), /q/
(q)+(h, w, u, e, A, ˘u), /q/ (›)+(o, ˘o). A few examples: te˙i˙° (Çt™%_¤%+), Nihò˙-e
(à˙içhøqàe=), de˙wa° (Çd™q_wA+), Nihò˙-o (à˙içhøqào=), sà˙u (çsÄqàu=).

2.17. <e third approximant, h /h/ (h) (¬ ˙ 2.7), is voiceless laryngeal. However,
in fast pronunciation, (h) can become voiced: (·), after vowels. But the most remark-
able fact is that, by assimilation, /hu/ is (fu) (a voiceless bilabial approximant, more
conveniently transliterated as fu]˚ and that in /hi, hjé/ (Hi, Hjé) we have a voiceless
postpalatal approximant. In international pronunciation, (f, h, w) (but not (w)) can
be su‚cient, instead of (f, H, w).

˙ 2.7. Neutral Japanese consonants: approximants (2).

F ˙ h H f
24 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

‘Trills' (˙ 2.8)

2.18. Japanese has one phoneme of the ‘trill' type, which is somehow similar to
Spanish r /Í/ (Í), as in interpretar (iæ&teÍpÍe'taÍ). A realization like this could be su‚-
cient for a fairly acceptable and easily comprehensible pronunciation of Japanese,
especially if of the international kind, all the more so because that phone is indeed
one of the possible realizations, also frequent, in mediatic and colloquial pronuncia-
tions.
However, it is better to learn the two most typical articulations given shortly
(which are alveolar, again), and use them instead of (Í). Its more convenient sym-
bol is /r/ (r). <e same phone also occurs in American English, for the diaphoneme
/ù/, before (≥), with lateral contraction of the tongue, Õ better ('ber-≥).
In fact, the first and more frequent taxophone of Japanese r /r/ is (r), lateral flap
(or lateralized flap]˚ which occurs after vowels (\ between vowels, even within sen-
tences): kawara° (àkA'wA_rA+)˚ erì (àe'ri=)˘

2.19. <e second important taxophone of r /Í/ is (R), lateral tap (or tapped later-
al, ˙ 2.8), which occurs after /q/ (even within sentences), or after pauses: bè˙ri
(çb™NàRi=)˚ ruiji° (àRu'i_Ωi+)˚ rekishi° (àRe_KÙ'Si+)˚ rò˙ri (çRøNàRi=)˘
Actually, several partially di‡erent phones can be heard in the speech of native
speakers (as shown in JPA]˘
˙ 2.8. Neutral Japanese consonants: r˘
1
≤ +
m ¬ R

Looking carefully at ˙ 2.9, it is possible to find some of the most inadequate


foreign realizations for r /r/: di‡erent kinds of uvular phones and others more typ-
ical of di‡erent English speakers. It is important to carefully avoid them even in
pronunciation, where, as seen above, (Í) may be su‚cient.

˙ 2.9. Main foreign bad replacements for Japanese r˘



r < >

K r Í

º ˜ ‰
2. Japanese Consonants 25

Loanwords – gairaióo° (9gAi'rAi_≈o+)

2.20. As in any language, even in Japanese, loanwords (of which about 10,000
are of English origin) require some adaptation to the syllable structure (which is
based on morae in Japanese, as we know) and new phonemic combinations for
new sounds, especially for some new consonants.
For these typical adaptations, let us consider three examples: kùrabu (_ku"rAàbu=)
‘club', sÎtoràikÏ (“sÛ_toçrAiàKÙ=) ‘(workers') strike', sÎtoràikÎ (“sÛ_toçrAiàkÛ=) ‘(baseball)
strike'. It is clear how the Japanese syllabic structure changes original monosyllables,
with consonant clusters, into actual polysyllables.
Among new combinations, in the traditional taxophononics (which is quite rigid
and with a fairly limited number of possibilities), the most common are: pàatii (çpaa-
àtii=) ‘party', dirèkÎtaa (àdi'reàkÛ“taa=, àdiçre˜àtaa=) ‘director', chè˙ji (çc4ª7™~àËi=) ‘change',
jètto (çË4j7etàt:o=) ‘jet', shèfÎ ('S4j7eàf4Û7=) ‘chef'.
Also (see ˙ 8.16 in JPA): fìrumu ('fi3ru“mu=, -àru“mu=, ≠'Hi-) ±±('ƒi-, 'Fi-) ‘film',
baiori˙ (9bAi'o_r¤%+, 9BAi-, 9∫Ai-, 9ÊAi-) ±±(9vAi-, 9√Ai-) ‘violin', shì˙fonii (çS¤µàfo“˙ii=)
‘symphony', ka˙tsòone (9kÄÆçTooàne=) ‘canzone'.
Some examples clearly show that, besides placing some phones into new combi-
nations, certain sequences are slightly ‘denipponized' (as the possible dropping, in
these words but not in genuine neutral ones, of (j) after prepalatal –vertically
rounded– articulations), becoming slightly more ‘international'.
Certain examples also show, quite clearly, a kind of possible resyllabication,
slightly following foreign-language principles.
Here we provide further examples, to complete our small survey: chèsÎ ('c4j7e-
àsÛ=) ‘chess', shèrii ('S4j7eàrii=) ‘sherry', tsàa (çTaa=) ‘tzar', tsetsè-bae (àTe'TeàbAe=) ‘tsetse',
Èritsi˙ (çeàri“Tiù=) ‘Yeltsin/Elìcin (èjELcYn)', tùtti (çtutàt:i=) ‘tutti', tìi (çtii=) ‘tea', dìsÎ-
kÎ ('diàsÛàkÛ=, çdisàkÛ=) ‘disc', dii-dii-tìi (∞dii_diiçtii=) ‘ddt', Fìjii ('fiàËii=) ‘«ji', fèrii
('feàrii=) ‘ferry', fèa (çfea=) ‘fair', fà ('fA=) ‘F, fah', fòto ('foàto=) ‘photo', fyùujii (çfjuu-
àËii=) ‘fusee', ui˙doo° (àu'¤Æ:2doo+) ‘window', uisÎkìi (àu'isÛ9Kii=) ‘whisky', uèsÎto (àu-
'eàsÛàto=, àuçesàto=) ‘waist', uòotaa (àuçooàtaa=) ‘(cold) water', dyùetto (2dju"etàt:o=)
‘duet', kàrutetto/kuàrutetto (‘kAàru"tetàt:o=, àku‘Aàru"tetàt:o=) ‘quartet'.
However, our source Dictionary gives very few loanwords (although there are very
many of them even Japanese usage), clearly being more interested on genuine Japanese
vocabulary.
˙ 2.10. Neutral Japanese consonants: some possible realizations of xenophonemes v˚ f /Ê, f/
(including international (v, f)).

6 ÷ B

fv Ç√ áV
3.
Japanese Prosodies

Morae

3.1. We must state that a ‘mora' coincides with a light syllable, as the one formed
by a short vowel (/i, e, a, o, u/ (i, e, a, o, u), preceded or not by a single consonant,
/0/, or /0j/), or else by /q/ alone.
Also the first element of a geminate consonant (/é-0-0é/ (é0-0:é) ((0…0:))) counts
as a mora in Japanese, although the second part of a geminate is decidedly longer than
its first part, and is followed by a vocoid. But, as far as the length of the consonants
is concerned, it is their bisyllabic structure which is relevant: ((é0…0:é)).
A half-heavy syllable corresponds to a geminate vowel (/ii, ee, aa, oo, uu/ (ii,
ee, aa, oo, uu)), or a diphthong, or to a short vowel followed by /q/ (/éq/ (éq)).
Again, the first element of a geminate consonant (whose second element belongs
to the following syllable, together with its vowel, as just seen) counts as another
mora added to a geminated or diphthongized vowel.
Instead, a heavy syllable presents a geminate vowel (or diphthong) + /q/ (/ééq/
(ééq)} or + the first element of a geminate consonant: /éé040é7/ (éé0…40:é7).
<us, such heavy syllables may be followed by any other syllable, which can be
/0é/ (0:é), as just seen, or a simple /é/ (é), or /q/ (q). Of course, instead of a sim-
ple /é/ (é), we can certainly find /éé/ (éé), as well (either as a geminated or diph-
thongized vowel). A couple of examples: tòotta (çtootàt:A=), Ai˙shÎtài˙ (Einstein)
(∞A¤%_SÛçtA¤%=, ÇA¤%_SÛ£tA¤%=).
As we have already said and seen from various previous examples, in Japanese,
vowel length is distinctive, \ short and ‘long' or rather geminate (or doubled) vow-
els oppose significantly: so ('so+), sò ('so=) (one mora and one syllable), soo (Çsoo+), sòo
(çsoo=) (two morae, but one syllable); tòkÏ ('toàKÙ=), tòokÏ (çtooàKÙ=).

3.2. Even consonant length is distinctively present. As just seen, a Japanese gemi-
nate consonant counts two morae (in two di‡erent syllables). Let us consider: kÏte
(àKÙ'te+) (from kiru (àKi'ru+) ‘to wear') and kÏtè (àKÙ'te=) (from kuru (àku'ru+) ‘to
come'), both with two morae and two syllables; kÏttè° ‘stamp' (\ kÏttè (9KÙt't:e=) or
kÏtte (9KÙt't:e+)), and kìttè (\ kÏttè (9KÙt't:e=), or kìtte (çKitàt:e=), from kìru (_Ki"ru=) ‘to
cut'), both with three morae, but two syllables; also gaka° (àgA'kA+) ‘artist', gakka°
(9gAk'k:A+) ‘lesson'. Let us also note examples like: Màhha (çmAhàh:A=) (‘Mach {num-
28 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ber}'), sÎtà‡Î (‘sta‡') (àsÛçtAfàf:Û=).


For the sake of clearness, let us add that, in colloquial and international Japanese
pronunciation, instead of a systematic use of (é0…0:é), we can often hear simply
(é0…0é), which –however– still counts as three morae, and can actually be something
like (é0…0;é) or (é0;…0;é).

3.3. A ‘moraic' ˙ is always postvocalic, but it can also be followed by a vowel, and
transliterated as V˙V –or Vn' V– in order to make people realize we are dealing with
/éqé/ (éq…é), not with VnV /éné/ (é…né).
<e same goes for V˙yV–or Vn'yV˚ if we had not the useful ˙ sign– /éqjé/ (éù…jé),
by normal and natural assimilation, provided the preceding vowel is not a back one,
as in the example hò˙ya (çhøqàjA=), which is di‡erent from VnyV /énjé/ (é…˙jé)), giv-
en below.
However, in Japanese, in addition to /éqé/ (éq…é) and /éné/ (é…né), as in à˙i
(çÄqài=)˚ àni ('Aà˙i=), we can also have /éq≈é/ (0⁄…≈é) (which is the combination of
/éq/ and /≈é/): tè˙doo (çt™Æàdoo=) e˙äi° (Ç™q_§i+) and /éqné/ (0N…né) too (combina-
tion of /éq/ + /né/): a˙na° (ÇÄN_nA+)˚ à˙ni (çÄ~à˙i=)˘

Japanese accent – àkÎse˙to (‘AàkÛ"s™Æàto=, 9Ak"s™Æàto=)

3.4. Our transcriptions, as we have seen in the previous section too, indicate
that, in Japanese, accent is actually a pitch accent, phonemically pertinent, while
phonetically, also stress is important and peculiar.
We are not faced with real tones (and tonemes), as in Chinese or @etnamese
(languages where even gliding or compound movements on each syllable are pre-
vailing). On the contrary, in Japanese a pattern stretches over whole words, or
whole rhythm groups formed by one or more words and by their (strictly connect-
ed) clitic functional syllables (grammatical particles).
<e term àkÎse˙to indicates the point, \ the mora, after which the pitch is low-
ered, passing from mid to low pitch. In our transliterations, this is shown by an
accent on the pertinent vowel (or mora). Any other morae before the accent have
mid pitch, except for the very first one, which is low.
If a word or rhythm group has no accent, the first mora is low, whereas all the
successive ones are mid; thus, without going back to low pitch, according to the
pattern that follows (which is limited, here, to four morae – ¬ ˙ 3.1).

˙ 3.1. Neutral Japanese: pitch-accent patterns.

/oooo/ /ooooò/ /oooòo/ /ooòoo/ /oòooo/


(ào_o_o_o+) (ào_o_o_o=) (ào_o_oào=) (ào_oàoào=) (_oàoàoào=)
3. Japanese Prosodies 29

3.5. As already said, we use a grave accent (which is more iconic and suggestive
than the acute one) on the vowel-mora where the accent is present, as in row 1, while
in Japanese books the same thing is generally shown as in row 2 or 3.
1 oooo oooò ooòo oòoo òooo
2 oVooo oVooo◊ oVoo◊o oVo◊oo Vo◊ooo
3 $999 $990 $90$ $0$$ 0$$$
4 (ào2o2o2o+) (ào2o2o2o=) (ào2o2oào=) (ào2oàoào=) (2oàoàoào=)
5 /oooo/ /ooooò/ /oooòo/ /ooòoo/ /oòooo/.

Of course, a really useful phonotonetic notation, as in row 4, will use a low dot
before a low-tone mora, or a mid dot before a mid-tone mora (certainly not a ‘high'
mora, as currently –but mistakenly– a non-low one is called). In addition, either (+)
or (=) will be shown at the end of an example, to clearly show the pitch height of pos-
sible further morae after that. Lastly, row 5 shows the same things in a tonemic way.
As far as the indication of pitch variants is concerned, as we have done in § 0.3,
for hiràäànà (àHi'rA_≈A“nA=, àHi'rAà≈A“nA=÷ àHi'rA_≈A‘nA=) and katàkàna (àkA'tAàkA“nA=, àkA-
'tA_kA“nA=), the most important thing is to indicate them (unless there are social or
geographical usage di‡erences, which must be explained). Also: ch˜kàkÎ ('ciàkA-
“kÛ=, àcÙ'kAàkÛ=) (with stress change) ‘shortly', but chÏkakΰ (àcÙ'kA_kÛ+) ‘perception'.

3.6. Here are some examples indicating, in our transliteration, the possibility
of words with six morae (and a particle, to show their pitch movements in actual
phrases, including the particle).
Accentless forms: hi-äa°˚ tori-äa°˚ sakura-äa°˚ tomodachi-äa°˚ tonarimura-äa°˚ murasa-
kiiro-äa°
Accent on final mora: hanà-äa, otokò-äa˚ imootò-äa˚ Oshooäatsù-äa˚ juuichiäatsù-äa
Accent on middle prefinal [or ‘postinitial'] mora: kokòro-äa˚ mizuùmi-äa˚ wata-
shibùne-äa˚ aiaiäàsa-äa
Accent on middle pre-prefinal mora: uäùisu-äa˚ natsuyàsumi-äa˚ kodomogòkoro-äa
Accent on middle post-postinitial mora: onàidoshi-äa˚ Shi˙kà˙se˙-äa
Accent on middle postinitial mora: omàwarisa˙-äa
Accent on initial mora: hì-äa˚ àme-äa˚ ìnochi-äa˚ Fùjisa˙-äa˚ àkÎse˙to-äa˚ Tookài-
doo-äa˘
3.7. A short –mono-moraic– syllable may have two pitch possibilities: ne° ('ne+)
‘sound, tone' (absence of accent), nè ('ne=) ‘root' (presence of accent), but tonetical-
ly they are both ‘non-low' (\ said on a mid pitch: ('ne). <e same goes for ki° ('Ki+)
‘spirit', kì ('Ki=) ‘tree' (in isolation: ('Ki)), and ha° ('hA+) ‘leaf', hà ('hA=) ‘tooth' (in i-
solation: ('hA)).
In the case of two morae, we can have sòo (çsoo=) ‘monk', soo° (Çsoo+) ‘villa, inn',
which are monosyllables realized on half-low pitch – but slightly falling or rising,
respectively, since they combine mid and low, or low and mid, pitch (¬ ˙ 3.2, and
notice that (ç), (Ç) are di‡erent from (è), (¶) –used in other languages– because their
movements are less wide than for these last ones).
30 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

Also notice that, in unstressed bimoraic syllables, we find (9), as in: se˙sèe (9s™q-
çsee=)˚ koohìi (9kooçHii=). Notice that (9) is half-low, and thus di‡erent from a true
low dot, (à). <e last one occurs –for instance– in words with one-mora first syllable
with no accent on it, shown in several previous and following examples.
Let us, now, examine the case of a one-mora syllable followed by such particles
as -äa˚ -wa (≈A, wA). <ese particles are accentless˚ since their pitch depends on what
precedes, even if they are obviously ('≈A, 'wA) when pronounced metalinguistical-
ly, in isolation. A few examples: ne-äa° (àne'≈A+) and nè-äa ('neà≈A=), ki-äa° (àKi'≈A+) and
kì-äa ('Kià≈A=), ha-äa° (àhA'≈A+) and hà-wa ('hAàwA=).

˙ 3.2. Neutral Japanese: movements in syllables with two morae of di‡erent pitch.

* /ò3°2°/ = (Ç$+), (∞$+), (9$+)


*
/ò2°3°/
* = (ç$=), (£$=), (9$=)
* /2°3°ò/

3.8. It is fundamental not to believe that Japanese has two ‘tonemes' – a ‘low' and
a ‘mid' one (too often, misleadingly called ‘high'). As a matter of fact, accent is not
at all a kind of actual pitch height (as it is not simple stress, either). On the con-
trary, it is a pitch fall. It is a sort of ‘catatonic point', after which the pitch falls,
passing from the mid to the low band, as the examples clearly show.
But, above all, accent is either present or absent. In English, (the position of)
stress is phonemic (ìmport noun, impórt verb); whereas it is not so in Japanese. Be-
sides, in English and non-tone languages, pitch depends only on intonation (and
paraphonics); whereas, in Japanese, pitch is phonemic and fundamental (although
modified by intonation and paraphonics, too, as we show in JPA]˘
Japanese has mid pitch until an accent is inserted, after which the pitch be-
comes low. If no accent occurs, the pitch remains mid (but the first mora of a word
or rhythm group is on a low pitch). On the contrary, stress in Japanese is not pho-
nemic and depends on a complex interplay of various factors, such as the presence
or absence of accent, where it is placed, and the syllable structures of their word or
rhythm group.

3.9. Naturally, the tonograms su‚ciently highlight that, in a rhythm group, or


in an isolated word, the first mora is low and contrasts with the second one, which
is mid; unless (as we have already said and seen) the first mora itself bears an accent,
in which case it is mid and all what follows is low.
Again, with two morae, we also have hàna ('hAànA=) ‘edge', hanà (àhA'nA=) ‘flow-
er', hana° (àhA'nA+) ‘nose' (all bisyllabic), as for the monosyllabic examples followed
by a particle, as seen above.
As soon as a particle is added, the e‡ect of accent is immediately clear: ne-wa°
(àne'wA+) ‘sound, tone', nè-wa ('neàwA=) ‘root', hàna-äa ('hAànA“≈A=) ‘edge', hanà-äa
(àhA'nAà≈A=) ‘flower', hana-äa° (àhA'nA_≈A+) ‘nose'; and so on.
3. Japanese Prosodies 31

Also: ki-ni° kakèru (àKi‘˙i_kA'˜eàru=) ‘to take a thing to heart', kì-ni kakèru (‘Ki-
à˙iàkA"˜eàru=) ‘to hang something on the tree', kaki-o° tabèru (àkA‘Kio_tA'beàru=) ‘to
eat parsimmons', kàki-o tabèru (‘kAàKioàtA"beàru=) ‘to eat oysters'.

<e nature of Japanese accent

3.10. In order to ‘naturally' cope with Japanese accent, it is necessary to start from
its very nature. As we ‘know' it is tonemic, although not without a stress component,
which is also necessary in order to succeed in uttering Japanese words, phrases and
sentences.
It must be stated very clearly that we all should do exactly what native speak-
ers and hearers do in a spontaneous way. „at matters is the relative height of each
syllable (in spite of possible variants, as well).
Of course, all this is a typical Japanese feature, which is not shared even by other
tone languages, as Chinese or @etnamese. It goes without saying that stress-lan-
guages are still more di‡erent in their way of dealing with prominence. As ˙ 3.1
shows, each mora has its own pitch, which determines the whole tonetic move-
ment of everything that is said natively.
Also ˙ 3.2 has to be accurately considered for two-morae syllables of di‡erent pitch.
However, the long and short of it is that each Japanese syllable has to be said
primarily respecting its pitch. Of course, some stress prominence has to be put on
some particular syllable, in order to be able to easily utter the whole sequence.
On the other hand, stress-languages are certainly not without a pitch compo-
nent. Otherwise they would not sound natural. In addition, all languages (either
tone or stress ones) have certain intonation (and paraphonic) structures, which
make them sound even more natural.
<us, the Japanese native-speakers' brain drives them to pitch each syllable ac-
curately maintaining its intrinsic tone, as shown in ˙ 3.1-2. Even foreign learners
should manage to do something similar, favoring pitch over stress.

3.11. Limiting our observations mainly to three- and four-syllable words, it is


interesting to note that, in slow and precise speech, as in uttering words in isolation,
native speakers may exhibit a kind of ‘citation utterance', which gives more promi-
nence to their third and second last syllables, but the others keep a certain promi-
nence, as well, though less clear.
Looking at ˙ 3.1, let us try to show these di‡erences by means of (.) for their
greater degree, and (Œ) for their relatively lesser degree: ((; . Œ ˘)), ((; . ó˘)), ((. ; ó˘)) and
((ó . . Œ ˘)), ((ó . . ó˘)), ((ó . ; ó˘)), ((Œ ; ; ó˘)). And, any (.) or (;) can be realized as more
prominent, as far as stress is concerned: (') or (").
<e choice is rather free, although there are given preferences dependent on
particular words and speakers. However, most native speakers do not even realize
that there may be this tiny di‡erence, provided the relative pitch on each syllable
is respected.
32 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

But, at normal speed, for words, phrases and sentences (obviously, not declaimed),
we find other patterns, which are determined more by rhythm. <us, we have
some weaker syllables alternating with stronger ones: (à ' _), (à ' à), and (' à “) or (_ " à),
for three syllables; and (à ' _ ‘) or (“ _ ' _), (à ' _ “) or (“ _ ' à), (à ' à “) or (“ _ " à), (_ " à “) or (‘ à " à),
respectively, for four syllables.
In actual sentences, the combination of words and phrases avoids having two
secondary-stressed syllables in contact. <us, one (‘) or (“) is normally changed in-
to (_) or (à).
3.12. <e heaviness of each syllable depends on the following prominence scale,
from the lightest to the heaviest one, which gives the following groups:
1: (´) (fully voiceless), (Ò) (partially voiceless),
2: (àé) (voiced low-pitched (i, u)),
3: (àé) (voiced low-pitched (e, A, o)),
4: (_é+) (‘unaccented' voiced mid-pitched (i, u)),
5: (_é+) (‘unaccented' voiced mid-pitched (e, A, o)),
6: (_é=) (‘accented' voiced mid-pitched (i, u)),
7: (_é=) (‘accented' voiced mid-pitched (e, A, o)),
8: (é¸) (in checked syllables with voiceless consonants),
9: (éÑ) (in checked syllables with voiced consonants),
10: (éé) (‘long' vowels, including /aa/ (aa)),
11: (éÏ) (true diphthongs),
12: (éM) (short vowel in checked syllable with an intense nasal),
13: (é=¸, é=Ñ, é=é, é=Ï, é=M) (as 8-12 with an accent on their first mora),
14: (éé0) (‘long' vowel in checked syllable with voiced or voiceless consonant),
15: (éÏ0) (diphthong in checked syllable with voiced or voiceless consonant),
16: (ééM), (éÏM) (‘long' vowel or diphthong with an intense nasal),
17: (é=é0, é=Ï0, é=éM, é=ÏM) (as 14-16 with an accent on their first mora).

Let us notice that sets 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 have an important heaviness di‡erence con-
cerning the assignment of stress strength on the syllables of actual words. In fact,
/i, u/, even outside devoicing, are less heavy than /e, a, o/. <us, they are more
prone to avoid receiving stress prominence when an accent precedes them in trisyl-
labic words as dòchira˚ tèkubi˚ màyuäe (with (' à “)), than nìmotsÎ˚ mèäane˚ tèashÏ˚
MùrakÏ (with (_ " à))˚ in spite of cases like mèushÏ (most often with (_ " à)), similar to
ruiji° (with (à ' _)). We will see more on this subject in the following sections.

3.13. Summing up the prosodic structure of Japanese accent. As we know, Japan-


ese is an agglutinative language, with its strong points and weaknesses. We will
present what is already well-known, as in Kawahara (2015), but adapting terms and
examples to our own method.
<us, first of all, we cannot avoid talking about the very many su‚xes, with all their
peculiarities, which are a serious problem not only for foreigners. In fact, su‚xes may
interact with lexemes in di‡erent ways. We find at least seven types of Japanese su‚xes.
3. Japanese Prosodies 33

Let us start with the weak ones, like -nàdo ('nAàdo=) or -tàra ('tAàrA=), which lose
their accent when combined with accented lexemes: tàbetara (‘tAàbe"tAàrA=) (tabè (àtA-
'be=), also changing accent). But, they maintain their accent when combined with
accentless lexemes: maäetàra (“mA_≈e'tAàrA=) (maäe° (àmA'≈e+)).
We also find strong su‚xes, like -ppòi (-pçp:oi=), which always maintain their ac-
cent: kodomoppòi (àko‘do_mopçp:oi=) (kodomo° (àko'do_mo+)), netsÎppòi (“ne_TÛp-
çpoi=) (netsù (àne'Tu=)), including Niho˙ppòi (“˙i_høMpçpoi=) (Nihò˙ (à˙içhøq=)).

3.14. In addition, there are three types of early su‚xes, which tend to shift an
accent to accentless lexemes. We have early weak ones, like -shi ('Si+), which puts
an accent on the final syllable of accentless lexemes: YoshidàshÏ (“jo_Si'dAàSÙ=) (Yoshi-
da° (àjo'Si_dA+)). But accented lexemes maintain their accent: MùrakÏshÏ (_mu"rAàKÙ-
“SÙ=) (MùrakÏ (_mu"rAàKÙ=)).
Instead, early strong su‚xes, like -kè ('˜e=), shift an accent to the final syllable
of lexemes (with or without an accent): Yoshidàke (“jo_Si'dAà˜e=) (Yoshida° (àjo'Si-
_dA+)), Murakìke (àmu'rA_KÙ“˜e=) (MùrakÏ (_mu"rAàKÙ=)).
Lastly, early moving su‚xes, like -monò (àmo'no=), put an accent right on the fi-
nal syllable of accented lexemes: yomìmono (àjo'miàmo“no=) (yòmu ('joàmu=)). But
no accent at all is put on combined accentless lexemes: norimono° (àno'ri_mo‘no+)
(noru° (àno'ru+)).
Another kind of su‚xes are the loose ones, like -teki (àte'Ki+), with no accent of
their own, which also change accented lexemes into accentless ones: ro˙ritekϰ
(∞RøN_Ri'te_KÙ+) (rò˙ri (çRøÆàRi=)). But note that certain such su‚xes are quite peculiar,
if not irregular.
For instance, -no ('no+) produces such forms as: kawa-no° (àkA'wA_no+) (kawà (àkA'wA=)
– in accented polysyllables). But: hà-no ('hAàno=) (hà ('hA=) – in accented monosyllables),
kokòro-no (àko'koàro“no=) (kokòro (àko'koàro=) – in non-final accented polysyllables).
In addition, Niho˙-no° (à˙i'høN_no+) (Nihò˙ (à˙içhøq=) – in final accented poly-
syllables ending in a heavy syllable).

3.15. Let us conclude with su‚xes, like -zu ('Zu+, 'zu+), which changes accent-
less forms into accented ones on their first syllable: Òkamotozu (‘oàkA"moàto“zu=)
(Okamoto° (“o_kA'mo_to+)).
A few prefixes, like o- ('o+) and ma- ('mA+), can produce peculiar results. For in-
stance: o-sùshÏ (ào'suàSÙ=) (sÎshì (àsÛ'Si=), but also sùshÏ ('sÛàSÙ=)), o-tèäami (“o_te"≈A-
àmi=) (teäami° (àte'≈A_mi+)), o-ma˙juu° (ào'mÄ~_Ëjuu+) (ma˙jùu (9mÄ~çËjuu=)), o-
imo° (ào'i_mo+) (imò (ài'mo=)), o-sàtsÎ (ào'sAàTÛ=) (from satsumaimo° (“sA_Tu'mAi-
_mo+)). And: mattàira (9mAtçt:AiàrA=) (taira° (ÇtAi_rA+)), mappìruma (9mApçp:iàru“mA=)
(hirumà (àHi'ru_mA=)).

3.16. For compound words, it is already agreed that the position of accent depends
on the length of the second lexeme. So, two types of compounds are considered:
those with a short second lexeme (\ with one or two syllables, for one or two
morae), and those with a long second lexeme (\ larger than for the other type).
34 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

<us, the short type can either maintain its accent, or put one on the last sylla-
ble of the first lexeme (whether accentless or accented on any syllable).
<ese examples show a maintained accent: booha˙-bèru (∞boo_hÄM'beàru=) (boo-
ha˙° (9boo'hÄq+)), Perusha-nèko (àpe‘ru_SjA'neàko=) (Pèrusha (_pe"ruàSjA=)).
Here are examples with a final accent on the first lexeme: minashì-äo (“mi_nA'Si-
à≈o=) (minashi° (àmi'nA_Si+)), maiäò-inu (∞mAi_≈o"iànu=) (màiäo (çmAià≈o=)), Kanaäawà-
shÏ (àkA‘nA_≈A'wAàSÙ=) (Kanàäawa (àkA'nAà≈A“wA=)), and also shijùu-kata (àSiçΩjuuàkA-
“tA=) (shijùu (àSiçΩjuu=)).

3.17. For the long type, we find an accent on the first syllable of the second lex-
eme, when it is accentless, or accented on its final syllable: Minami-Àmerika (àmi-
'nA_miA"meàri“kA=) (minami° (àmi'nA_mi+), Amerika° (àA'me_ri‘kA+)), o˙na-tòmodachÏ
(∞øN_nA‘toàmo"dAàcÙ=) (o˙nà (ÇøN_nA), tomodachϰ (“to_mo'dAàcÙ+)), deka-àtama (“de-
_kAA"tAàmA=) (dèka ('deàkA=), atamà (àA'tA_mA=)).
In other long-type compounds, the second lexeme accent is retained: aka-orè˙ji
(“A_kAoçr™~àËi=) (àka ('AàkA=), orè˙ji (àoçr™~àËi=)), natsÎ-kudàmono (“nA_TÛ_ku'dA-
àmo“no=) (natsù (ànA'Tu=), kudàmono (àku'dAàmo“no=)).
But there is great variation when the second lexeme originally has an accent on
its second last syllable: nama-tàmàäo (“nA_mA_tA"mAà≈o=, -_tA'mAà≈o=) (nàma ('nAàmA=),
tamàäo (àtA'maà≈o=)), kamiòmùtsÎ (“kA_mi'o_mu“TÛ= -àmu-) (kamì (àkA'mi=), omùtsÎ
(ào'muàTÛ=)), hidari-ùchìwa (àHi‘dA_riu"ciàwA=, -'ci-) (hidari° (àHi'dA_ri+), uchìwa (àu-
'ciàwA=)).
Lastly, if the second lexeme is longer than four morae (and either accented or
accentless), it generally maintains its structure: Na˙kyokÎ-ta˙ke˙tai° (ÇnÄù_Kªo‘kÛ
_tÄì'˜™Æ_tAi+) (Na˙kyokΰ (ÇnÄù_Kªo‘kÛ+), ta˙ke˙tai° (9tÄì'˜™Æ_tAi+)).

3.18. Generally, verbs and adjectives are either accented or accentless. <ey can
even form minimal pairs (with more or less finely perceptible prosodic di‡eren-
ces): moèru (àmo'eàru=) ÿ moeru° (àmo'e_ru+), kìru ('Kiàru=) ÿ kiru° (àKi'ru+); atsùi (àA-
çTui=) ÿ atsui° (àA'Tui+), umài (àuçmAi=) ÿ umai° (àu'mAi+).

3.19. In Japanese, accent is functionally distinctive. Words formed by the same


phones can have quite di‡erent meanings. Let us consider, for example, kaku
/kaku/.
Mainly, we find kàku ('ka3kÛ=), with several meanings: ‘angle; heart; stone; it
lacks; he writes; he draws; he scratches; thus; in this way'.
We also have kaku° (3ka'ku+): ‘break; chip; lack; stroke'. Besides: kakù (3ka'ku=)
‘corner'; and kàku° either ('ka3kÛ=) or (3ka'ku+) ‘bishop'.
In addition, we find the su‚x -kaku˚ as in tè˙shùkaku (∞teq'Sju3ka“kÛ=) ‘don-
jon', shikaku° (3Si'ka2ku+) ‘sense of sight'. In addition, there is the prefix kaku-, as
in kakuyaku° (“ka3ku'ja2ku+) ‘definite promise'.
3. Japanese Prosodies 35

Japanese stress – sÎtòresÎ (“sÛ_to"reàsÛ=, 9sto"res=)

3.20. Although stress is not actually distinctive in Japanese, nevertheless it has an


important prosodic function. On the other hand, when acculturated native speak-
ers talk about Japanese accent, they surely mean pitch accent –accent– which is dis-
tinctive. However, in an automatic way, even non-acculturated natives –inevitably–
use di‡erent degrees of stress for the various syllables which form their sentences.
<ey also use di‡erent pitch patterns, depending on their own accent: neutral,
mediatic, or regional. But, generally, they have no exact idea of what they are doing.
Since stress is not distinctive, it can oscillate and shift in sentences, phrases, and
rhythm groups (and even words). <is can also depend on communicative, prag-
matic, paraphonic, and emotional factors. Sometimes, it can even change accord-
ing to which monosyllables are added enclitically.
However, we will give some indications about the phenomenon of stress, since
we believe it is impossible to continue ignoring it completely; although this is ex-
actly what still happens, also in university teaching, even by native speakers, who
never took care to understand it neither for themselves nor for their students. Ac-
tually, even accent is an unknown object for too many teachers, as well.

3.21. Let us, now, begin to put things in order, starting from monosyllables (al-
though having up to four morae, and the possibility of accent on the second one),
by reflecting on the fact that polymoraic words, as the following, are actually mono-
syllables (in spite of contrary confused indications): ìi (çii=)˚ àu (çAu=)˚ bài (çbAi=)˚ kòe
(çkoe=)˚ kyòo (çKªoo=)˚ bù˙ (çb¨q=)˚ oòi (çooi=)˚ baai° (Çbaai+)˚ byooi˙° (Çbjoo¤ù+) (this last
example has four morae, but not four syllables, rather only one! – ¬ English going
('g‘¨¤≈, 'go¨¤≈)).
In these Japanese examples, a stressed syllable is always half-low, but it is slightly
falling (since it derives from the combination of mid and low pitch, within the same
syllable), except in the last two examples, where it is slightly rising, instead (since it
derives from the combination of low and mid pitch, tautosyllabically – ¬ ˙ 3.2).
Let us see the monosyllabic examples given above, as well. Also compare: òoi
(_o"oi=, çooi=) ‘throne; hello', oòi (àoçoi=) ‘much, many', ooì (ào'oi+) ‘a cover'.

3.22. True ‘problems' begin with bisyllables, though. In fact, there are di‡er-
ences between ame° (àA'me+) ‘candy' “ àme ('Aàme=) ‘rain', neru° (àne'ru+) ‘to sleep' “
nèru ('neàru=) ‘flannel'. <e same happens in accentless bisyllables formed with a
particle.
Two-mora bisyllabic lexemes, \ with two light syllables, are stressed on the sec-
ond syllable, unless an accent is on the first one, which is then stressed (as in the
two-mora monosyllables seen above): hìäa ('Hià≈A=) ‘fire', hiäa° (àHi'≈A+) ‘sun', koko°
(àko'ko+)˚ aji° (àA'Ωi+)˚ ue° (àu'e+)˚ iu° (ài'u+)˚ oi° (ào'i+), and otò (ào'to=)˚ ashì (àA'Si=)˚
murà (àmu'rA=)˚ tsuäì (àTu'§i=)˚ shiò (àSi'o=)˚ iè (ài'e=)˚ tsumà (àTu'mA=)˘ But, with
an accent on the first mora, we have: dòre ('doàre=)˚ àkÏ ('AàKÙ=)˚ Æ.
<ree-mora bisyllabic lexemes are stressed on their heaviest syllables (\ with
36 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

more morae than others, and reinforced by the presence of an accent), although
there are some oscillations that we will indicate. It is important to accurately ob-
serve accent di‡erences (\ pitch), since sometimes they are the only actual di‡er-
ences (but ˙ 3.2 must be carefully considered): omoi° (ào'moi+)˚ omòi (àoçmoi=)˚ ka-
soo° (àkA'soo+)˚ kasòo (àkAçsoo=)˚ irai° (ài'rAi+)˚ ìrai (_i"rAi=)˚ aoi° (àA'oi+)˚ aòi (àAçoi=)÷ shi-
ai° (àSi'Ai+)˚ kinoo° (àKi'noo+)˚ yotei° (àjo'tei+)˚ hìäai (_Hi"≈Ai=) shìmei (_Si"mei=)˚ kùroo
(_ku"roo=)˚ bàree (_bA"ree=), kìäyoo (_Ki"§joo=)˘

3.23. More: ìke˙ (_i"k™q=)˚ ike˙° (ài'k™q+)˚ and kÏkài (àKÙçkAi=)˚ shimei° (àSi'mei+)˚
shÏkè˙ (àSÙ瘙q=)˚ gòze˙ (_go"z™q=)˚ zùbo˙ (_Zu"bøq=)˚ kooji° (Çkoo_Ωi+)˚ kòoji (çkoo-
àΩi=)˚ e˙äi° (Ç™q_§i+)˚ aida° (ÇAi_dA+)˚ hàiru (çhAiàru=)˚ Kyòoto (çKªooàto=)˚ kaiäì (ÇkAi_§i=)˚
dàikÎ (çdAiàkÛ=)˚ bè˙ri (çb™NàRi=).
#th half-heavy syllables, like the first one in (é0…0:é): àkka (çAkàk:A=)˚ rèssha
(çReSàS:jA=)˚ where the accent reinforces the half-heavy structure). And: mi˙nà (Çm¤N-
_nA=)˚ mi˙na° (Çm¤N_nA+), but: mittsù (9miT'T:u=)˚ akka° (9Ak'k:A+) (where the geminate
voiceless consonant weakens its initial syllable).
Generally, in four-mora bisyllabic lexemes, stress falls on the first syllable, unless
it is a light one (\ with just one mora), or if there is an accent on the second sylla-
ble (or if the first is only half-heavy, \ checked by (=…=:) and with no accent).
<us: juubyoo° (ÇËjuu_bjoo+)˚ jùubyoo (çËjuuàbjoo=)˚ hookoo° (Çhoo_koo+)˚ jùu-
doo (çËjuuàdoo=)˚ koojoo° (Çkoo_Ωjoo+), ke˙too° (ǘ™Æ_too+)˚ se˙too° (Çs™Æ_too+)˚ sè˙too
(çs™Æàtoo=)˚ ki˙e˙° (ÇKiù_™q+)˚ yuubi˙° (Çjuu_b¤ù+)˚ Tookyoo° (Çtoo_Kªoo+). Also with
an accent on the first half-heavy syllable, thus reinforced: bòccha˙ (çbocàc:ªÄq=)˘
But, with a light first syllable, the second one is stressed: ekii˙ (àe'Kiiù+), or with
an accent on the second syllable: ke˙tòo (9k™Æçtoo=)˚ se˙sèi (9s™qçsei=)˚ koojòo (9koo-
çΩjoo=)˚ taifùu (9tAiçfuu=), or with the first half-heavy (especially if with voiceless
geminated contoids, (=…=:), and with no accent): gakkoo° (9gAk'k:oo+)˚ tokkyuu°
(9toK'K:ªuu+)˚ shippai° (9Sip'p:Ai+, 9SÙp-). Let us compare ka˙pai° (ÇkÄM_pAi+), with
its more prominent first syllable, but also (∞kÄM'pAi+), seen that its di‡erence is
very slight.

3.24. <ree-mora trisyllabic lexemes are stressed on their second syllable (includ-
ing /éé$/ words), unless it contains a devoiced vowel, which makes stress shift
backwards (‘ê'), or forwards (‘+', if an accent is there): kimono° (àKi'mo_no+)˚ yubi-
wa° (àju'bi_wA+)˚ kochira° (àko'ci_rA+)˚ fÎtari° (àfÛ'tA_ri+)˚ chÏkarà (àcÙ'kA_rA=)˚ àrashÏ
(_A"rAàSÙ=), kaerì (àkA'e_ri=)˚ kaeru° (àkA'e_ru+)˚ kaèru (àkA'eàru=), kàeru (_kA"eàru=), tàoru
(_tA"oàru=)˚ uekϰ (àu'e_KÙ+)˚ shÏkakù (àSÙ'kA_kÛ=), kàzokÎ (_kA"zoàkÛ=).
It is also possible to have: dòchira ('doàci“rA=)˚ dèäuchÏ ('deà≈u“cÙ=)]÷ kèshÏkÏ
('˜eàSÙ“KÙ=)˚ ìkÎtsÎ ('iàkÛ“TÛ=)˚ pòsÎto ('poàsÛ“to=). But: wafÎku° (“wA_fÛ'ku+)˚ ashÏ-
tà (“A_SÙ'tA=)˚ yakÎsha° (“jA_kÛ'SjA+) (stressed on their last syllable).
All these can be heard with a stress on their second syllable, but with a toneti-
cally reinforced first syllable, \ dòchira (Œdo"ciàrA=). In addition, also the other se-
ries shown above can have a stressed fully voiced vowel, \ wafukΰ (àwA'fu_kÛ+)˚
or also (ówA_fÛ'ku+).
3. Japanese Prosodies 37

3.25. <e important and fundamental thing is that the tonetic patterns are
maintained, while the degrees of stress can vary. Native ears are, then, satisfied, in
spite of these di‡erences.
Four-mora trisyllabic lexemes are stressed on their first syllable, unless it is a light
one, even if there is an accent after the first mora: kaimono° (ÇkAi_mo‘no+)˚ Oosaka° (Çoo-
_sA‘kA+)˚ sàabisu (çsaaàbiàsÛ=)˚ te˙pura° (Çt™M_pu‘rA+)˚ zè˙kokÎ (çZ™⁄àko“kÛ=)˚ shoojìkì
(ÇSjoo_Ωi“KÙ=, -_Ωi‘Ki=).
But, with a light first syllable (whether accented or not), the second syllable is cur-
rently stressed: shìrooto (_Si"rooàto=)˚ butsuzoo° (àbu'Tu_zoo+)˚ sekini˙ (àse'Ki_˙¤ù+)˚ àka-
cha˙ (_A"kAàcªÄq=)˚ maeuri° (àmA'eu_ri+)˚ o-iwai° (ào'i_wAi+)˚ uekiya° (àu'e_KiA+), suise˙° (àsu-
'i_s™q+), Niho˙äo° (à˙i'hø⁄_≈o+)˚ pachi˙ko° (àpA'c¤⁄_ko+)˘ But we have hatsuo˙° (“hA_Tu-
'øq+) (and sometimes (àhA'Tuøq+), too).
Also, with an accent after the first morae: ooàme (9oo'Aàme=)˚ roomàji (9Roo'mAàΩi=)˚
ka˙äòfÎ (9kÄ⁄'≈oàfÛ=)˚ roosòkù (9Roo'soàkÛ=, -'so_ku=)˚ juuäatsù (9Ëjuu'≈A_Tu=)˚ where
the accent prevails).
In compounds, usually we find a seemingly pattern, such as: ba˙meshϰ (9bÄM'me-
_SÙ+)˚ gaikokΰ (9gAi'ko_kÛ+)˚ yuudachϰ (9juu'dA_cÙ+)˚ haizara° (9hAi'zA_rA+)˘

3.26. Four-mora quadrisyllabic lexemes (independently from the presence or not


of an accent on any mora) tend to be stressed on the second syllable (from the be-
ginning): kamidama° (àkA'mi_dA‘mA+)˚ naäaäutsΰ (ànA'≈A_≈u‘TÛ+)˚ norimono° (àno-
'ri_mo‘no+)˚ butanikΰ (àbu'tA_˙i‘kÛ+)˚ sakanaya° (àsA'kA_nA‘jA+)˚ shiawase° (àSi'A_wA-
‘se+)˚ Amerika° (àA'me_ri‘kA+)˚ urikire° (àu'ri_Ki‘re+)˚ tomodachϰ (àto'mo_dA‘cÙ+)˚ uketsÎke°
(àu'˜e_TÛ‘˜e+)˚ chÏkàshÏtsÎ (àcÙ'kAàSÙ“TÛ=).
More: kudàmono (àku'dAàmo“no=)˚ tebùkuro (àte'buàku“ro=)˚ kanazùchÏ (àkA'nA-
_zu“cÙ=)˚ Hiroshima° (àHi'ro_Si‘mA+)˚ hanashÏtè (àhA'nA_SÙ‘te=)˚ tanoshimi° (àtA'no_Si-
‘mi+)˚ kanemochì (àkA'ne_mo‘ci=)˚ inemurì (ài'ne_mu‘ri=)˚ Kubozono° (àku'bo_zo‘no+).
Or the last but one syllable is stressed (especially with /i, u/ in the second sylla-
ble, particularly when it is devoiced): o-fÎkuro (“o_fÛ'ku_ro+, “o_fu-)˚ yakÎsokÎ
(“jA_kÛ'so_kÛ+)˚ kakÏkàtà (“kA_KÙ'kAàtA=, -'kA_tA=)˚ yotsÎkado (“jo_TÛ'kA_do+)˚ toshiyo-
rì (“to_Si'o_ri=)˚ kaminàrì (“kA_mi'nA_ri=, -àri=)˚ hachiäatsù (“hA_ci'≈A_TÛ=)˚ shÏchiäatsù
(“SÙ_ci'≈A_TÛ=)˚ asameshÏ (“A_sA'me_SÙ+)˚ hirumeshÏ (“Hi_ru'me_SÙ+)˚ hÏkidashÏ (“HÙ_Ki-
'dA_SÙ+)˚ kashidashÏ (“kA_Si'dA_SÙ+); also: hatamichÏ (“hA_tA'mi_cÙ+)˘
However, in five-mora quadrisyllabic lexemes, a stress generally falls on the last
but one syllable when it is a heavy one or has an accent, or else when the second
one contains a devoiced vowel.

3.27. Mainly, this also happens with final -tsÎ˚ -ri˚ or in obvious compounds: a-
sanèboo (“A_sA'neàboo=)˚ arubàito (“A_ruçbAiàto=)˚ getsuyòobi (“‡e_Tuçjooàbi=)˚ mo-
kuyòobi (“mo_kuçjooàbi=)˚ bìrudi˙äu (_biàru"d¤⁄à≈u=)˚ chokorèeto (“cªo_koçreeàto=).
But, in addition to jite˙shaya (àËi't™Q_SjA‘jA+)˚ ho˙sekìchÏ (9høq'se_Ki‘cÙ=), we also find:
juuniäatsù (∞Ëjuu_˙i'≈A_Tu=)˚ o˙nànoko (∞øN_nA"noàko=)˚ saraiäetsÎ (“sA_rAi'œe_TÛ+).
Or, with six morae\ o˙äakùkai (9ø⁄'≈A_ku“kAi=), de˙kiäàisha (∞d™ù_Kiç≈AiàSjA=),
gaikokùji˙ (∞gAi_ko'kuàΩ¤ù=), we also find: jite˙shaya (àËi't™Q_SjA‘jA+)˚ ho˙sekìchÏ
38 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

(9høq'se_Ki‘cÙ=). Let us also consider: Chuuäokuäo (∞cªuu_≈o'ku_≈o+), but: gaiko-


kuäo (9gAi'ko_ku“≈o=) (most frequently).

3.28. Careful observation of many cases of quadrisyllables, however, revealed


that the interplay of the di‡erent kinds of prominence, often, allows a sort of possi-
ble exchange between pitch and stress, so that a structure like (à$'$_$) + (_$+) (or +
(_$=), or + (à$=)) can become (à$_$'$) {+ (_$+), or (_$=), or (à$=)}, and vice versa, especial-
ly in spontaneous sentences.
And this is quite understandable, because, in actual facts, Japanese (') is general-
ly weaker than the symbol itself may suggest. In fact, we might use ((í)), which is
intermediate between (') and (‘): \ (') (í) (‘).
On the other hand, also (_) is –so to say– ‘fuller' than a simple plain (_); again, it
is not simply the weak version of (‘) (half-stressed on a mid pitch), but something
intermediate between (an unstressed) (_) and (‘).
However, the real di‡erence is not merely an intermediate degree of strength,
but a kind of fusion of stress and tone: a mid pitch tone with a greater strength than
(_). Let us use ((Œ)), which gives the whole syllable an increased prominence, that
might even be perceived as being (‘): \ (‘) (Œ) (_).
<ere is a kind of overlapping of di‡erent elements for prominence. In certain
languages, even a low pitch, like (") (“) (à), often sounds as more prominent (\ as
somewhat more marked) than (') (‘) (_) (though, generally, less so than (5) (—) (‡)).
<us, it is fairly logical and quite understandable that ((í)) and ((Œ)) can easily be
exchanged, producing (à$í$Œ$$) instead of (à$Œ$í$$), and vice versa: (à$Œ$í$$) in-
stead of (à$í$Œ$$).

3.29. <e same can often be true not only of trisyllables˚ but also of bisyllables
(\ ba˙zài! (9bÄÆçZAi=, ÇbÄÆ9ZAi=)), depending on the heaviness of their syllables,
generally determined by the presence of heavier structures or, on the contrary, of
devoiced vocoids (¬ § 3.12). All that, again, and even more so, when such words
are put into phrases and sentences.
We must keep in mind that the tonetic indications shown –being the relevant and
distinctive trait– have to be respected much more than the intensive ones of stress, al-
though the best result is given by a fair interplay between these two elements.
Of course, Japanese native speakers, especially neutral ones, find all this quite
natural. On the contrary, foreign speakers, not only those with no tonemes in their
language, have a hard time unraveling such ‘mysteries'.
<e important thing is that a simple example like sayonàra (or its possible vari-
ant sayoonàra), in addition to a more normal realization like (àsA'jo4o7_nA“rA=), ((àsA-
íjo4o7ŒnA“rA=)), can be changed into (“sA_jo4o7'nAàrA=), ((“sAŒjo4o7ínAàrA=)).

3.30. However, we would not get real Japanese, should we say that as shown be-
low. Notice that, here, we use a conclusive tune. So some tonetic di‡erences with
those languages can appear better, also adding (_) for mid-pitch unstressed sylla-
bles, and ('), (‘) instead of ‘normal' ('), (&) to show mid pitch, on stressed or
3. Japanese Prosodies 39

half-stressed syllables, respectively. Of course, the movements of the tunes partially


modify the mid pitch shown for those syllable.
<us: (_saÙÈ'nA;_<√23, -_>å3 3, &sA;_jÈ'-) (English) – or (&za_jo'na:_Ra3 3) (German), (‘Sa_Jo-
'na;_Ra3 3, ‘sa_joÇna;-) (Spanish), (‘sa_jo'na:_Ra23) (Italian), (‘s‘_ãuÇna;àRå3 3, ‘sa_ãÚçna;-) (Portu-
guese), (‘sAÓJπçnAàRA3 3, _sA‘JπÓnAçRA3 3) (French), (‘sA_Jà5na_àrA3 3) (Russian), (_sÄ'jøU_na_Ra23,
‘sÄ_ju'na-) (Arabic), (_s‘5jooàn‘àR‘3 3, ‘s‘_ão5nå-) (Hindi), <3så‡jOU«na(låç)≤ (Chinese).
Let us note that, in French, (Ó) indicates a half-high pitched unstressed pretonic
syllable. As can be seen, it is di‡erent from (Œ), which we introduced above for Japa-
nese. In fact, (Ó) is a little higher, but a little weaker than (Œ), too.
Or also, using the very common Japanese family name Tanaka° (àtA'nA_kA+), we have:
(_thÈ'nA;_k√23, -àkå3 3) (English) – or ('†ha:_na“ka3 3) (German), (_ta'na;àka3 3) (Spanish), (_ta'-
na:_ka23) (Italian), (_t‘Çna;àkå3 3, _tÄçna;-) (Portuguese), (_tAÓnAç©A3 3) (French), (_tà5na_àkA33)
(Russian), ('tÄ_nÄ_ka23, _tÄ'nÄ-) (Arabic), (_t‘5nåàk‘3 3) (Hindi), <3t≈å«na(kxåç)≤ (Chinese).
Respectively, something like: Smith˚ Müller˚ Sánchez˚ Rossi˚ Silva, Dupont˚ Iva-
nov >Ivanov≥˚ Nasr >Na«r≥, Sharma >Sharmaa≥˚ Chang >_ä˙≥.

3.31. In five-syllable words, which are generally not simple words, stress decided-
ly tends to fall on the last but one syllable, except for particular compounding or
vowel devoicing, as we will see in a while.
<us, we find, with five morae: katazukèru (àkA‘tA_zu'˜eàru=)˚ inabìkari (ài‘nA_bi-
"kAàri=)˚ otokònoko (ào‘to_ko"noàko=)˚ nejimàwashÏ (àne‘Ωi_mA"wAàSÙ=)˚ yamanòbori (àjA-
‘mA_no"boàri=)˚ okurimono° (ào‘ku_ri'mo_no+)˚ o-kyakÎ-sàmà (ào‘KªA_kÛ'sA_mA+, -àmA=).
#th six morae: Amerikàji˙ (àA‘me_ri'kAàΩ¤ù=), se˙takumono° (9s™Æ‘tA_ku'mo_no+)˚
ichinichijuu° (ài‘ci_˙i'ci_Ωjuu+); but omàwari-sa˙ (“o_mA"wAàri“sÄq=)˚ machiàishÏtsÎ
(“mA_ciçAiàSÙ“TÛ=).
#th seven morae: o-tètsudai-sa˙ (ào‘teàTu"dAiàsÄq=, “o_teàTu-)˚ de˙kÏsÎtòobu (∞d™ù-
_KÙ_sÛçtooàbu=)˚ Chuuäokuryòori (∞cªuu_≈o_kuçrjooàri=)˚ da˙boosètsubi (∞dÄM_boo'se-
àTu“bi=, ÇdÄM_boo'se-)˚ nyuuäakÎshÏkè˙ (9˙juu‘≈A_kÛ_SÙ瘙q=).
#th eight morae: kooda˙jùutakÎ (∞koo_dÄ~çËjuuàtA“kÛ=)˘ Of course, even in
such cases, there is a real possibility for sequences, mostly including (') ("), (ç) (Ç) (‘)
(“), (£) (∞) and (_) (9) (à), to exchange their order, using ((.)) ((;)), ((÷)) ((…)) and ((Œ)) ((Ö)) ((ó)).

3.32. Verbs in -ru generally have their stress on the preceding syllable, which has
the accent: oboèru (“o_bo'eàru=)˚ ka˙äaèru (∞kÄ⁄_≈A'eàru=)˚ atsumàru (“A_Tu'mAàru=)˚
shirabèru (“Si_rA'beàru=)˚ koshÏkakèru (“ko_SÙ_kA'˜eàru=).
But, other -Cu verbs, again with accent on the last but one mora/syllable, have
their stress on the second syllable: arawàsu (àA'rA_wAàsÛ=)˚ chÏkazùkÎ (àcÙ'kA_zuàkÛ=)˘
«nally, here are some accentless forms: sawaru° (àsA'wA_ru+)˚ tsÎkaru° (àTÛ'kA-
_ru+)˚ ukèru° (àu'keàru=)˘
Usually, adjectives are stressed on the last syllable, with ÓV˘, as in -ài÷ others on
the last but one, with VV˘, as in -ai˘ So, we have: atatakài (àA‘tA_tAçkAi=)˚ yakamashìi
(àjA‘kA_mAçSii=)˚ and: abunai° (àA'bu_nAi+)˚ oishii° (Çoi_Sii+)˚ kiiroi° (ÇKii_roi+)˚ akarui°
(àA'kA_rui+)˚ tsumetai° (àTu'me_tAi+)˚ mushiatsùi (“mu_SiAçTui=).
But there are even cases like: mushiatsùi (àmu'SiA9Tui=)˚ muzukashii° (àmu'zu_kA-
40 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

‘Sii+)˚ atarashìi (àA'tA_rA£Sii=)˚ omoshiròi (ào'mo_Si£roi=)˚ me˙dookÎsài (9m™N'doo_kÛ£sAi=)˘


In iterated forms, stress and accent belong to the first syllable: mùzu-muzu ('mu-
àzu“muàzu=)˚ wàza-waza ('wAàzA“wAàzA=)˘

3.33. Since there are no real and simple rules for accent and stress in compounds,
especially for less long ones, we just give some examples, to rouse reflection.
Examples: fuyuäèshÏkÏ (“fu_ju'œeàSÙ“KÙ=)˚ from fuyù (àfu'ju=) and kèshÏkÏ ('˜eàSÙ“KÙ=);
yunyuukudàmono (àju‘˙juu_ku'dAàmo“no=)˚ from yunyuu° (àju'˙juu+) and kudàmo-
no (àku'dAàmo“no=)÷ yuuyakezòra (∞juu_jA_˜e'zoàrA=)˚ from yuuyake° (Çjuu_jA‘˜e+) and
sòra ('soàrA=)÷ satoäòkoro (àsA‘to_≈o"koàro=)˚ from sato° (àsA'to+) and kokòro (àko'koàro=).
Others: niäùruma (à˙i'≈uàru“mA=)˚ from nì ('˙i=) and kuruma° (àku'ru_mA+)÷ asà-
kaze (àA'sAàkA“ze=)˚ from àsa ('AàsA=) and kaze° (àkA'ze+)÷ i˙sÎta˙tokòohii (9¤%_sÛ‘tÄÆ_to-
çkooàHii=)˚ from i˙sÎtà˙to (9¤%_sÛçtÄÆàto=) and koohìi (9kooçHii=)÷ gaikokùji˙ (∞gAi_ko-
'kuàΩ¤%=)˚ from gaikokΰ (ÇgAi_ko‘kÛ+) and jì˙ (çˤ%=)÷ gaikokuji˙tòoroku (∞gAi_ko-
‘ku_Ω¤NçtooàroàkÛ=)˚ from gaikokùji˙ (∞gAi_ko'kuàΩ¤%=) and toorokΰ (Çtoo_ro‘kÛ+)˘

3.34. Summing up the prosodic structure of Japanese stress. Unfortunately, native


Japanese phoneticians simply talk (and write) about pitch-accent, as if stress-accent
were not an important part in the pronunciation of Japanese. But, it is impossible
not to deal with stress, because it would not be serious to do without it.
Note that even syllables with Ï˚ Î (Ùn Û) are given as present, because they may
also be uttered as (I, U), or (i, u) (especially in careful, or slow, or regional speech).
In fact, even when these two vowels are rendered exactly as (Ù, Û), their syllabic beat
is present, although, in fast speech, resyllabification can certainly occur, with the
result that two distinct syllables actually become just one phonetic syllable.

3.35. In bisyllables, the unmarked stress pattern is final ($'$˘) – note that in these
formulae we indicate intensity, independently from tonality, which depends on
the accent of each word. But, if the first syllable is ‘heavier' (according to the scale
given in § 3.12), the pattern is marked˚ and prefinal (('$$˘)).
Examples: hashi° (àhA'Si+), hashì (àhA'Si=), hàshi ('hAàSÙ=); esa (àe'sA+), otò (ào'to=),
kaki° (àkA'Ki+), kità (àKÙ'ta=), kesu° (à˜e'su+), keäà (à˜e'≈A=); but: kèsa ('˜eàsA=), kùmo
('kuàmo=), ìdo ('iàdo=), nèko ('neàko=)

3.36. In trisyllables, the unmarked stress pattern is prefinal ($'$$˘). But, if the
other syllables are ‘heavier' (§ 3.12), the pattern is marked˚ and either final (&$$'$˘),
or initial ('$$&$˘).
Examples (prefinal ($'$$˘)): musume° (àmu'su_me+), tatami° (àtA'tA_mi+), kÎsuri°
(àkÛ'su_ri+), ushiro° (àu'Si_ro+), kodomo° (àko'do_mo+), atama° (àA'tA_mA+), shÏkakΰ (àSÙ-
'kA_kÛ+), arùkÎ (àA'ruàkÛ=), mèäane (_me"≈A“ne=), nìmotsÎ (_˙i"moàTÛ=), depàato (àde-
çpaaàto=).
But [final (&$$'$˘)): zashÏki° (“ZA_SÙ'Ki+), rekÏshi° (“Re_KÙ'Si+), ashÏta° (“A_SÙ'tA+), wafÎ-
ku° (“wA_fÛ'ku+); or (initial ('$$&$˘)): tèkubi ('teàku“bi=), dòchira ('doàci“rA=), zè˙-
kokÎ (çZ™≈àko“kÛ=).
3. Japanese Prosodies 41

3.37. In quadrisyllables, there are two unmarked stress patterns: postinitial


(($'$$&$˘)) and prefinal ((&$$'$$˘)).
Examples of ($'$$&$˘): yorokòbì° (àjo'ro_ko“bi=, -‘bi=, -‘bi+), detarame° (àde'tA_rA‘me+),
wakamono° (àwA'kA_mo‘no+), nomìmono (àno'miàmo“no=), gomìbako (àgo'miàbA“ko=),
sakanaya° (àsA'kA_nA‘jA+), Amerika° (àA'me_ri‘kA+), kaäàkÎsha (àkA'≈AàkÛ“SjA=), ehàäakÏ
(àe'hAà≈A“KÙ=), o-yaäo-sa˙° (ào'jA_≈o‘sÄq+), o-imooto-sa˙° (9oi'moo_to‘sÄq+), otooto-sa˙° (ào-
'too_to‘sÄ⁄+).
Examples of the other unmarked pattern, prefinal (&$$'$$˘): kashidashϰ (“kA_Si-
'dA_SÙ+), yakÎsokΰ (“jA_kÛ'so_kÛ+), yotsÎkado° (“jo_TÛ'kA_do+), kakÏkàta (“kA_KÙ'kA-
àtA=), myùujikaru (£mjuuàËi"kAàru=), kaminari° (“kA_mi'nA_ri+), o˙nanoko° (∞øN_nA"no-
àko=), shokudòosha (“Sjo_kuçdooàSjA=), se˙takuya° (∞s™Æ_tA'ku_jA+).
Others: saraiäetsΰ (“sA_rAi'œe_TÛ+), toshokà˙i˙° (“to_SjoçkÄqà¤%), kootoogàkkoo
(∞koo_tooçgAkàk:oo=), de˙wabà˙äoo (∞d™q_wAçbÄ≈à≈oo=), ka˙koobàsÎ (∞kÄ⁄_koo'bA-
àsÛ=), koohiijàwa˙ (∞koo_HiiçËjAàwÄq=), kootsuukòosha (∞koo_TuuçkooàSjA=), Niho˙-
nì˙gyoo (àNi_hø~ç˙¤ùàGjoo=).
Also: birudi˙äu° (‘biàru"d¤≈à≈u=), ha˙dobàggu (∞hÄÆ_doçbAgàg:u=), chokorèeto (“cªo-
_koçreeàto=), taipuràitaa (∞tAi_puçrAiàtaa=).
<ese two structures can easily be exchanged, especially in non-derived words,
producing possible (&$$'$$˘) ê ($'$$&$˘), and ($'$$&$˘) ê (&$$'$$˘). But, let us notice
that we have a marked˚ initial pattern (('$$&$$˘)), in words like: wàza-waza ('wAàzA-
“wAàzA=), gòmi-gomi ('goàmi“goàmi=).

3.38. Let us add some examples with five syllables (more or less clearly com-
pounds): Chuuäokuryòori (∞cˆuu_≈o_kuçrjooàri=), de˙kisÎtòobu (∞d™ù_Ki_sÛçtoo-
àbu=), hakaserò˙bu˙ (àhA‘kA_seçrøMàb¨q=), o-tètsudai-sa˙ (ào‘teàTu"dAiàsÄq=); da˙boosèt-
subi (∞dÄM_boo'seàTu“bi=), otokònoko (ào‘to_ko"noàko=); ookèsÎtora (9oo'˜eàsÛàto“rA=).

3.39. Of course, any spoken language combines words into sentences, further
‘complicating' the adequate use of accent and stress˚ together with some reduction
phenomena, typical of current speech, as shown in JPA˘
As a useful exercise to obtain good phonotonetic canIPA transcriptions from our
transliterations, we provide the almost 700 words, including proper names and
simple or compound words, taken from the Mini-phono-dictionary provided in
JPA. <ey are shown for their importance, or because they have even up to three
variants, mostly di‡erences in their pitch-accent, but also in stress-accent (includ-
ing some mediatic ones, given after ‘;' – in addition to current neutral pronuncia-
tions, separated by ‘,').
<ey are here given both in spelling transliteration and in phonotonetic transcrip-
tion for two reasons. #th the aim of presenting some complete transcriptions, as
in the preceding sections, and also a more practical writing way. In fact, they show
what matters in order to be able to pronounce these forms in a convincing Japa-
nese way.
Certainly, this choice allows to save much precious space in a book, almost
without depriving the readers of important indications. In fact, all interested and
42 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

careful readers will soon be able to use such a dictionary, passing from the translit-
eration to the transcription they need.
Concisely, our transliterations show, in a same form, as many àkÎse˙to's as needed,
by means of grave accents, including the possibility of no àkÎse˙to, indicated by ° at
the end of a form, as in orìzùru° (ào'riàzu“ru=, -_zu“ru=, -_zu‘ru+), or sayo(o)nàra÷ -rà° (àsA-
'jo4o7_nA“rA=÷ -‘rA=÷ -‘rA+).
<e very common alternation between ee and ei, /ee/ and /ei/, might be shown
in a more concise way by using the diaphoneme /e«/, or in the Dictionary, as a dia-
grapheme, e", as in àre"° /'A3re«=/ ('A3ree=, -ei=). However, we decided to follow the
choices found in the original source, although in a more rational and concise way.
4.
Lexical
combinations

4.0. <ese are the most common particles used in Japanese, presented in their
basic form. In combining with nouns, adjectives, or verbs, they may gain or lose
an accent, as shown in the following sections. Arguably, this chapter is mainly de-
rived from papers (especially S. Kawahara's, <e phonology of Japanese accent) using
pronunciation dictionaries, like Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten (2014). Note that
forms with no accent mark are unaccented, Õ naku = naku° (as, instead, in à 5).
-ba -ka-na -nàni-ka -tàra
-bàkari -ka-ne -nà˙-ka -tàri
-bakkàri -karà -nà˙-te -tàtte
-da -kà=ira -nà˙-zo -te
-dakè -ke -nàri -te-ba
-dàno -kèdo -nazo -tè-mo
-dàra -kèdo-mo -ne -tè-wa
-dàri -kèredo -nè! -tè-yo
-daròo -kèredo-mo -nè(e) -to
-dàtte -kirì -ni -tòka
-de -kke -no -tokorò-de
-dèmo -kòso -nòde -tokorò-äa
-dèsÎ -kotò-tote -nòmi -tòmo
-dè=Ïta -kùrai -nòni -tòte
-de=òo -kusè-ni -o -æùæÎ
-dèwa -màde -rareru -ttàra
-dè-yo -mài -ra=ìi -tte
-do -màsÎ -reru -tte-ba
-dòkoro-ka -mìtai -sa -wa
-dòmo -mo -sàa -wa-yo
-e -mono -sàe -ya
-äa -monò-de -saseru -yài
-gi -monò-ka -sèru -yàra
-äùrai -monò-nara -=Ï -yo
-ha -mono-no -=Ïka -yò0
-hodo -mono-o -=imo -yòri
-i -na -=o -yuè
-jo -nà! -soo -ze
-ka -nà(a) -sùra -zo
-kà -nàdo -ta -zùæÎ
-kai -nàgara -tài
44 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

Accentless verbs (in the infinitive) with particles


4.1.1. Sample: naku˚ warau˚ hataraku˚ kiru˚ abiru˚ mochiiru (“ mochiìru˚ see be-
low)˚ suru˚ ro˙jiru˚ with
1) -äa˚ -mo˚ -na˚ -ni˚ -o˚ -to˚ -wa˚ -yo (no accent): naku-äa˚ warau-äa˚ hataraku-äa˚
kiru-äa˚ abiru-äa˚ mochiiru-äa˚ suru-äa˚ ro˙jiru-äa
2) -hodo˚ -kirì˚ -mono-no˚ -shÏka (no accent, with ê -kiri): nakÎ-hodo˚ warau-hodo˚
hatarakÎ-hodo˚ kiru-hodo˚ abiru-hodo˚ mochiiru-hodo˚ suru-hodo˚ ro˙jiru-hodo
3) -nè˚ -ze˚ -zo˚ -yuè (accent on last mora of phrase, with ê -zè˚ -zò): naku-nè˚ warau-
-nè˚ hataraku-nè˚ kiru-nè˚ abiru-nè˚ mochiiru-nè˚ suru-nè˚ ro˙jiru-nè
4) -màde˚ -nàa˚ -nèe˚ -nòni˚ -sàe˚ -sùra˚ -tòka˚ -tòmo˚ -tòte˚ -yòri˚ -yuè (accent on sec-
ond last mora of phrase, with ê -yùe): naku-màde˚ warau-màde˚ hataraku-màde˚ ki-
ru-màde˚ abiru-màde˚ mochiiru-màde˚ suru-màde˚ ro˙jiru-màde
5) -äa˚ -ka˚ -mo˚ -na˚ -ni˚ -no˚ -o˚ -sa˚ -sàe˚ -shi˚ -sùra˚ -to˚ -tòka˚ -tòte˚ -wa˚ -ya˚ -yo˚ -ze˚
-zo (accent on last mora of verb, with ê -sura˚ -sae˚ -toka˚ -tote): nakù-äa˚ waraù-äa˚
hatarakù-äa˚ kirù-äa˚ abirù-äa˚ mochiirù-äa˚ surù-äa˚ ro˙jirù-äa
6) -dàno˚ -kai˚ -ka-na˚ -ka-ne˚ -karà˚ -kàshira˚ -kèredo˚ -nàdo˚ -nàri˚ -nòde˚ -nòni˚ -shÏka˚
-sùra˚ -tòka˚ -tòmo˚ -tòte˚ -wa-yo˚ -yàra˚ -yòri (accent on last mora of verb, with ê -dano˚
-kara˚ -kashira˚ -keredo˚ -nado˚ -nari˚ -node˚ -noni˚ -sura˚ -toka˚ -tomo˚ -tote˚ -yara˚ -yori):
nakù-dano˚ waraù-dano˚ hatarakù-dano˚ kirù-dano˚ abirù-dano˚ mochiirù-dano˚
surù-dano˚ ro˙jirù-dano
7) -dakè (no accent, with ê -dake): naku-dake˚ warau-dake˚ hataraku-dake˚ kiru-
-dake˚ abiru-dake˚ mochiiru-dake˚ sÎsu-dake˚ ro˙jiru-dake
8) -ba˚ -do˚ -dòmo (conditional Æ: accent on last mora of verb, with ê -domo, and -u ê
-e): nakè-ba˚ waraè-ba˚ hatarakè-ba˚ kirè-ba˚ abirè-ba˚ mochiirè-ba˚ surè-ba˚ ro˙jirè-ba
9) -to˚ -ya˚ -yo (imperative: accent on last mora of verb, with -u ê -e/-o): nakè-to˚
waraè-to˚ hatarakè-to˚ kirò-to˚ abirò-to˚ mochiirò-to˚ surò-to˚ ro˙jirò-to˘

Accentless verbs (in inflected forms) with particles


4.1.2. Sample: naku˚ warau˚ hatarakÎ˚ kiru˚ abiru˚ mochiiru˚ suru˚ ro˙jiru˚ with
1) -te >-tte˚ -de≥ (no accent): nakÏ-te˚ wara-tte˚ hatarai-te˚ kÏ-te˚ abi-te˚ mochii-te˚
shÏ-te˚ ro˙ji-te
2) -sàe˚ -tàri >-ttàri˚ -dàri≥˚ -tèmo >-dèmo≥˚ -tè-wa >-dè-wa≥˚ -tè-yo >-dè-yo≥˚ -tsùtsÎ (ac-
cent on second last mora of phrase): nai-sàe˚ warai-sàe˚ hatarakÏ-sàe˚ kÏ-sàe˚ abi-sàe˚
mochii-sàe˚ shÏ-sàe˚ ro˙ji-sàe
3) -ni˚ -sàe˚ -tsùtsÎ˚ -wa >combined with negative -shinai≥ (accent on last mora of verb):
nakì-ni˚ waraì-ni˚ hatarakì-ni˚ kì-ni˚ abì-ni˚ mochiì-ni˚ shì-ni˚ ro˙jì-ni
4) -nàäara (no accent, with ê -naäara): naki-naäara˚ warai-naäara˚ hataraki-naäa-
ra˚ kiri-naäara˚ abi-naäara˚ mochii-naäara˚ suri-naäara˚ ro˙ji-naäara
5) -na (accent on last mora of phrase): naki-nà˚ warai-nà˚ hataraki-nà˚ ki-nà˚ abi-
-nà˚ mochii-nà˚ shi-nà˚ ro˙ji-nà˘
4. Lexical combinations 45

Accented verbs (in the infinitive) with particles


4.1.3. Sample: yòmu˚ mìru˚ kùru˚ oyòäu˚ yorokòbu˚ okìru˚ hÏkiìru˚ ro˙jìru˚ with
1) -na˚ -to˚ -yo (no change): yòmu-na˚ mìru-na˚ kùru-na˚ oyòäu-na˚ yorokòbu-na˚
okìru-na˚ hÏkiìru-na˚ ro˙jìru-na (“ mochiìru-äa)
2) -hodo˚ -kirì˚ -mono-no˚ -shÏka (no change, but ê -kiri): yòmu-hodo˚ mìru-hodo˚
kùru-hodo˚ oyòäu-hodo˚ yorokòbu-hodo˚ okìru-hodo˚ hÏkiìru-hodo˚ ro˙jìru-hodo (“
mochiìru-hodo)
3) -nè˚ -ze˚ -zo (no change, but ê -ne): yòmu-ne˚ mìru-ne˚ kùru-ne˚ oyòäu-ne˚ yoro-
kòbu-ne˚ okìru-ne˚ hÏkiìru-ne˚ ro˙jìru-ne (“ mochiìru-ne)
4) -màde˚ -nàa˚ -nèe˚ -nòni˚ -sàe˚ -sùra˚ -tòka˚ -tòmo˚ -tòte˚ -yòri˚ -yuè (no change, but
ê -made˚ -naa˚ -nee˚ -noni˚ -sae˚ -sura˚ -toka˚ -tomo˚ -tote˚ -yori˚ -yue): yòmu-made˚ mìru-
-made˚ kùru-made˚ oyòäu-made˚ yorokòbu-made˚ okìru-made˚ hÏkiìru-made˚ ro˙jìru-
-made (“ mochiirù-made)
5) -äa˚ -ka˚ -mo˚ -na˚ -ni˚ -no˚ -o˚ -sa˚ -shi˚ -wa˚ -ya˚ -ze˚ -zo (no change): yòmu-äa˚
mìru-äa˚ kùru-äa˚ oyòäu-äa˚ yorokòbu-äa˚ okìru-äa˚ hÏkiìru-äa˚ ro˙jìru-äa (“ mochiì-
ru-äa)
6) -dàno˚ -kai˚ -ka-na˚ -ka-ne˚ -karà˚ -kàshira˚ -kèredo˚ -nàdo˚ -nàri˚ -nòde˚ -nòni˚ -shÏ-
ka˚ -sùra˚ -tòka˚ -tòmo˚ -tòte˚ -wa-yo˚ -yàra˚ -yòri (no change, but ê -dano˚ -kara˚ -kashi-
ra˚ -keredo˚ -nado˚ -nari˚ -node˚ -noni˚ -sura˚ -toka˚ -tomo˚ -tote˚ -yara˚ -yori): yòmu-dano˚
mìru-dano˚ kùru-dano˚ oyòäu-dano˚ yorokòbu-dano˚ okìru-dano˚ hÏkiìru-dano˚ ro˙jìru-
-dano
7) -dakè (no accent, with ê -dake): yomu-dake˚ miru-dake˚ kuru-dake˚ oyoäu-da-
ke˚ yorokobu-dake˚ okiru-dake˚ hÏkiiru-dake˚ ro˙jiru-dake (“ mochiiru-dake)
8) -ba˚ -do˚ -dòmo (no change, but ê -domo, and -u ê -e): yòme-ba˚ mìre-ba˚ kùre-
-ba˚ oyòäe-ba˚ yorokòbe-ba˚ okìre-ba˚ hÏkiìre-ba˚ ro˙jìre-ba (“ mochiìre-ba)
9) -to˚ -ya˚ -yo (no change, with -u ê -e/-o): yòme-to˚ mìro-to˚ kùru-to˚ oyòäe-to˚ yo-
rokòbe-to˚ okìro-to˚ hÏkiìro-to˚ ro˙jìro-to (“ mochiìro-to).

Accented verbs (in inflected forms) with particles


4.1.4. Sample: (regular) mìru˚ yòmu÷ (irregular) kùru÷ (5 conjugations) oyòäu˚ yo-
rokòbu÷ (1 conjugation) okìru˚ hÏkiìru÷ (irregular) ro˙jìru˚ with
1a) -te >-de≥ (regular verbs, accent on initial mora): mìte˚ yò˙de
1b) -te >-de≥ (irregular verbs, accent on initial mora, or unchanged): kìte or kÏtè
1c) -te >-de≥ (5 conj. – no change with accent on second last mora of verb): oyòi-
-de˚ yorokò˙-de
1d) -te >-de≥ (1 conj. – accent on second last mora of verb): òkÏ-te˚ hÏkìi-te
1e) -te >-de≥ (irreg. verbs -suru˚ -zuru˚ -su˚ -ji – accent on first mora of verb): rò˙ji-te
2a) -sàe˚ -tàri >-dàri≥˚ -tèmo >-dèmo≥˚ -tè-wa >-dè-wa≥˚ -tè-yo >-dè-yo≥˚ -tsùtsÎ (accent
on first mora of regular verb, with ê -sae˚ -tari >-dari≥˚ -temo >-demo≥˚ -te-wa >-de-
-wa≥˚ -te-yo >-de-yo≥˚ -tsutsÎ): mì-sae˚ yòmi-sae
46 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

2b) -sàe˚ -tàri >-dàri≥˚ -tèmo >-dèmo≥˚ -tè-wa >-dè-wa≥˚ -tè-yo >-dè-yo≥˚ -tsùtsÎ (accent
on first mora of particle with irregular verb): kÏ-sàe
2c) -sàe˚ -tàri >-dàri≥˚ -tèmo >-dèmo≥˚ -tè-wa >-dè-wa≥˚ -tè-yo >-dè-yo≥˚ -tsùtsÎ (5 conj.
– no change with accent on second last mora of verb, and ê -sae˚ -tari >-dari≥˚ -temo
>-demo≥˚ -te-wa >-de-wa≥˚ -te-yo >-de-yo≥˚ -tsutsÎ): oyòäi-sae˚ yorokòbi-sae
2d) -sàe˚ -tàri >-dàri≥˚ -tèmo >-dèmo≥˚ -tè-wa >-dè-wa≥˚ -tè-yo >-dè-yo≥˚ -tsùtsÎ (1 conj.
– accent on second last mora of verb, with ê -sae˚ -tari >-dari≥˚ -temo >-demo≥˚ -te-wa
>-de-wa≥˚ -te-yo >-de-yo≥˚ -tsutsÎ): òkÏ-sae˚ hÏkìi-sae
2e) -sàe˚ -tàri >-dàri≥˚ -tèmo >-dèmo≥˚ -tè-wa >-dè-wa≥˚ -tè-yo >-dè-yo≥˚ -tsùtsÎ (irreg.
verbs -suru˚ -zuru˚ -su˚ -ji – accent on first mora of verb, with ê -sae˚ -tari >-dari≥˚ -te-
mo >-demo≥˚ -te-wa >-de-wa≥˚ -te-yo >-de-yo≥˚ -tsutsÎ): rò˙ji-sae
3a) -ni˚ -sàe˚ -tsùtsÎ˚ -wa >with negative -shinai≥ (regular verbs, no change, with
accent on initial mora of verb, andê -sae˚ -tsutsÎ): mì-ni˚ yòmi-ni
3b) -ni˚ -sàe˚ -tsùtsÎ˚ -wa >with negative -shinai≥ (irregular verbs, non change with
accent on initial mora of verb, andê -sae˚ -tsutsÎ): kì-ni
3c) -ni˚ -sàe˚ -tsùtsÎ˚ -wa >with negative -shinai≥ (5 conj. – no change with accent
on second last mora of verb, andê -sae˚ -tsutsÎ): oyòäi-ni˚ yorokòbi-ni
3d) -ni˚ -sàe˚ -tsùtsÎ˚ -wa >with negative -shinai≥ (1 conj. – accent on second last mo-
ra of verb, with ê -sae˚ -tsutsÎ): òki-wa˚ hÏkìi-wa
3e) -ni˚ -sàe˚ -tsùtsÎ˚ -wa >with negative -shinai≥ (irreg. verbs -suru˚ -zuru˚ -su˚ -ji –
accent on first mora of verb, with ê -sae˚ -tsutsÎ): rò˙ji-ni
4) -nàäara˚ -tsùtsÎ (accent on first mora of particles): oyoäi-nàäara˚ ro˙ji-nàäara
5) -na (accent on particle): yomi-nà, oyoäi-nà˚ ro˙ji-nà˘

Verbs in the infinitive with auxiliaries


4.1.5. Sample: naku˚ yòmu˚ oyòäu, with auxiliaries
1a) -soo (da)˚ -yòo (da) (accentless verbs, accent on first mora of auxiliary, with ê
-sòo): naku-yòo (da)
1b) -soo (da)˚ -yòo (da) (accented verbs, no accent change): yòmu-yoo (da)˚ oyòäu-yoo
2a) -mìtai (accentless verbs, accent on first mora of auxiliary): naku-mìtai
2b) -mìtai (accented verbs, no accent change, and ê -mitai): yòmu-mitai˚ oyòäu-mitai
3a) -daròo˚ -deshòo˚ -rashìi (accentless verbs, accent on second last mora of auxil-
iary): naku-daròo
3b) -daròo˚ -deshòo˚ -rashìi (accented verbs, no change, but ê -daroo˚ -deshoo˚ -rashii):
yòmu-daroo˚ oyòäu-daroo
4a-b) -mài (either accentless or accented verbs, accent on second last mora of aux-
iliary): naku-mài˚ yomu-mài˚ oyoäu-mài˘
4. Lexical combinations 47

Accentless verbs with auxiliaries


4.1.6. Sample: nakÎ˚ kiru˚ suru, with auxiliaries
1a) -nài˚ -reru˚ -rareru˚ -saseru˚ -sèru˚ -soo (da)˚ -ta >-da≥˚ -tài (accentless phrase, with
ê -nai˚ -seru˚ -tai): naka-seru˚ kÏsa-seru˚ saseru
1b) -mài˚ -màsÎ˚ -0˚ -yòo (accent on second last mora of phrase, with ê Z-o): nako-
-mài˚ kiyo-mài˚ shiyo-mài÷ nakò-o˚ kiyò-o˚ shiyò-o˘

Accented verbs with auxiliaries


4.1.7. Sample: kùru˚ okìru˚ oyòäu˚ ro˙jìru˚ yòmu˚ with auxiliaries
1a) -mài˚ -màsÎ˚ -0˚ -reru˚ -rareru˚ -saseru˚ -sèru˚ -soo (da)˚ -tài˚ -yòo (accent on sec-
ond last mora of phrase, with ê -rèru˚ -rarèru˚ -sasèru˚ -sòo˚ and Z-o): yoma-sèru˚ kosa-
-sèru˚ oyoäa-seru˚ okÏsa-sèru˚ ro˙ji-sasèru÷ kurù-o
1b) -nài (accent on mora preceding -nài˚ with ê -nai): yomà-nai˚ kò-nai˚ oyo-
äà-nai˚ okì-nai˚ ro˙jì-nai
1c) -ta >-da≥ (irregular accent on phrase): yò˙-da˚ kÏ-tà or kì-ta˚ oyòi-da˚ hÏkìi-ta
(infinitive hÏkiìru], rò˙ji-ta˘

Adjectives with particles


4.1.8. Sample: akai˚ tsumetai˚ kanashii˚ yòi (ìi)˚ shiròi˚ oshìi˚ mijikài˚ ureshìi
Plain (\ uninflected) forms of adjectives with
1) -na˚ -to˚ -yo (no change at all): akai-to˚ tsumetai-to˚ kanashii-to˚ yòi-to˚ ìi-to˚ oshìi-
-to˚ mijikài-to˚ ureshìi-to÷ akai-na÷ akai-yo
2) -hodo˚ -mono-no (no change in adjectives): akai-hodo˚ tsumetai-hodo˚ kanashii-
-hodo˚ yòi-hodo [ìi-hodo]˚ shiròi-hodo˚ oshìi-hodo˚ mijikài-hodo˚ ureshìi-hodo÷ akai-ho-
do÷ akai-mono-no÷ yòi-hodo˚ yòi-mono-no
3) -nè˚ -ze˚ -zo (accent on particles in accentless adjectives, but no change in ac-
cented adjectives): akai-nè˚ tsumetai-nè˚ kanashii-nè÷ but: yòi-ne [ìi-ne]˚ shiròi-ne˚ o-
shìi-ne˚ mijikài-ne˚ ureshìi-ne
4) -màde˚ -nàa˚ -nèe˚ -nòni˚ -sàe˚ -tòka˚ -tòte˚ -tòmo˚ -yòri˚ -yuè (accent on first mo-
ra of particles in accentless adjectives; but particles become accentless after accent-
ed adjectives, as normal): akai-màde˚ tsumetai-màde˚ kanashii-màde˚ but: yòi-ma-
de [ìi-made]˚ shiròi-made˚ oshìi-made˚ mijikài-made˚ ureshìi-made÷ notice: akai-yùe˚
tsumetai-yùe˚ kanashii-yùe÷ but: yòi-yue [ìi-yue]˚ shiròi-yue˚ oshìi-yue˚ mijikài-yue˚
ureshìi-yue
5) -äa˚ -ha˚ -ka˚ -mo˚ -no˚ -o˚ -sa˚ -shi˚ -ya˚ -ze˚ -zo (accent on second last mora in ac-
centless adjectives, becoming like accented adjectives with no change): akài-äa˚ tsu-
metài-äa˚ kanashìi-äa˚ and: yòi-äa [ìi-äa]˚ shiròi-äa˚ oshìi-äa˚ mijikài-äa˚ ureshìi-äa
6) -dàno˚ -kai˚ -ka-na˚ -ka-ne˚ -karà˚ -kàshira˚ -kèredo˚ -nàdo˚ -nàri˚ -nòde˚ -nòni˚ -tòka˚ -tò-
mo˚ -tòte˚ -yàra˚ -yòri (accent on second last mora in accentless adjectives, becoming like
accented adjectives with no change, while particles become accentless): akài-dano˚
48 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tsumetài-dano˚ kanashìi-dano˚ and: yòi-dano [ìi-dano]˚ shiròi-dano˚ oshìi-dano˚ mijikài-


-dano˚ ureshìi-dano
7) -dakè (no accent, with ê -dake): akai-dake˚ tsumetai-dake˚ kanashii-dake˚ yoi-
-dake [ii-dake]˚ shiroi-dake˚ oshii-dake˚ mijikai-dake˚ ureshii-dake˘
Inflected forms of adjectives like akai˚ tsumetai˚ kanashii˚ yòi (ìi)˚ shiròi˚ oshìi˚
mijikài˚ ureshìi with
1) -mo˚ -te˚ -tèmo˚ -wa\ akai ê akàku-mo˚ tsumetai ê tsumetàku-mo˚ kanashii ê ka-
nàshÏku-mo˚ yòi ê yòku-mo˚ shiròi ê shìroku-mo˚ oshìi ê òshÏku-mo˚ mijikài ê mijìka-
ku-mo (also mijikàku-mo)˚ ureshìi ê urèshÏku-mo…
2) -ba˚ -do˚ -mo\ akai ê akàkere-ba˚ tsumetai ê tsumetàkere-ba˚ kanashii ê kanà-
shÏkere-ba˚ yòi ê yòkere-ba˚ shiròi ê shìrokere-ba˚ oshìi ê òshÏkere-ba˚ mijikài ê mijì-
kere-ba (also mijikàkere-ba)˚ ureshìi ê urèshÏkere-ba…

Adjectives with auxiliaries


4.1.9. Sample: akai˚ tsumetai˚ kanashii˚ yòi (ìi)˚ shiròi˚ oshìi˚ mijikài˚ ureshìi with
1a-b) -o (either accentless or accented adjectives, accent on second last mora of
phrase, \ just before -o): aka-karò-o˚ tsumeta-karò-o˚ kanashÏ-karò-o÷ yo-karò-o˚ shi-
ro-karò-o˚ oshÏ-karò-o˚ mijika-karò-o˚ ureshÏ-karò-o
2a) -mìtai, -soo (da)˚ -yòo (da) (accentless adjectives, accent on second last mora
of auxiliary, with ê -mitài˚ -sòo]\ akai-mitài˚ tsumetai-mitài˚ kanashii-mitài
2b) -mìtai, -soo (da)˚ -yòo (da) (accented adjectives, no change, with ê -mitai, -yoo):
yòi-mitai˚ ìi-mitai˚ shiròi-mitai˚ oshìi-mitai˚ mijikài-mitai˚ ureshìi-mitai
3a) -daròo˚ -deshòo˚ -rashìi (accentless adjectives, accent on second last mora of aux-
iliary): akai-daròo˚ tsumetai-daròo˚ kanashii-daròo
3b) -daròo˚ -deshòo˚ -rashìi (accented adjectives, no change, with ê -daroo˚ -deshoo˚
-rashii): yòi-daroo˚ ìi-daroo˚ shiròi-daroo˚ oshìi-daroo˚ mijikài-daroo˚ ureshìi-daroo
4a-b) -dèsÎ˚ -deshòo˚ -daròo (accentless adjectives, accent on second last mora of ad-
jective): akài-desÎ˚ tsumetài-desÎ˚ kanashìi-desÎ÷ yòi-desÎ˚ ìi-desÎ˚ shiròi-desÎ˚ oshìi-
-desÎ˚ mijikài-desÎ˚ ureshìi-desÎ
5a-b) -rashìi (either accentless or accented adjectives, accent on second last mora
of auxiliary): akai-rashìi˚ tsumetai-rashìi˚ kanashii-rashìi˚ yoi-rashìi˚ ii-rashìi˚ shiroi-
-rashìi˚ oshii-rashìi˚ mijikai-rashìi˚ ureshii-rashìi˘

Nouns with particles


4.1.10. Sample (accentless nouns): hi˚ ushi˚ sakura˚ tomodachÏ˚ with
1) -de, -äa, -he, -ka, -mo, -ni, -o, -sa, -to, -wa, -ya, -yo [no accent]\ hi-de˚ ushi-de˚
sakura-de˚ tomodachi-de
2) -hodo, -karà, -kirì, -shÏka [no accent, with ê -kara, -kiri]\ hÏ-hodo˚ ushi-hodo˚
sakura-hodo˚ tomodachÏ-hodo
3) -no (colloquial -˙]\ hi-no˚ ushi-no˚ sakura-no˚ tomodachi-no
4. Lexical combinations 49

4) -ne [with ê -nè]\ hi-nè˚ ushi-nè˚ sakura-nè˚ tomodachi-nè


5) -ka-na [interrogative]˚ -ka-ne˚ -yuè [with ê -ka-nà˚ -ka-nè]\ hÏ-ka-nà˚ ushÏ-ka-
-nà˚ sakura-ka-nà˚ tomodachÏ-ka-nà
6) -dàno, -dàtte, -dèmo, -dèwa, -kai, -ka-na [sensation], -kàshÏra, -kòso, -màde, -nà-
do, -nàri, -nèe, -nòni, -sàe, -shimo, -sùra, -tòmo, -yàra, -yòri, -yuè [accent on second
last mora of particles, with ê -kài, -kà-na, -shìmo]\ hi-dàno˚ ushi-dàno˚ sakura-dàno˚
tomodachi-dàno
7) -dakè [no accent, with ê -dake]\ hi-dake˚ ushi-dake˚ sakura-dake˚ tomodachi-
-dake˘

4.1.11. Sample (nouns accented on final mora): yamà˚ otokò˚ otootò˚ with
1) -de, -äa, -he, -ka, -mo, -ni, -o, -sa, -to, -wa, -ya, -yo [no change]\ yamà-de˚ otokò-
-de˚ otootò-de
2) -hodo, -karà, -kirì, -shÏka [no change, but ê -kara, -kiri]\ yamà-hodo˚ otokò-
-hodo˚ otootò-hodo
3) -no (colloquial -˙˚ no accent]\ yama-no˚ otoko-no˚ otooto-no
4) -ne [no change]\ yamà-ne˚ otokò-ne˚ otootò-ne
5) -ka-na [interrogative]˚ -ka-ne˚ -yuè [no change, but ê -yue]\ yamà-ka-na˚ otokò-
-ka-na˚ otootò-ka-na
6) -dàno, -dàtte, -dèmo, -dèwa, -kai, -ka-na [sensation], -kàshira, -kòso, -màde, -nà-
do, -nàri, -nèe, -nòni, -sàe, -shimo, -sùra, -tòmo, -yàra, -yòri, -yuè [no change, but ê
-dano, -datte, -demo, -dewa, -kashira, -koso, -made, -nado, -nari, -nee, -noni, -sae, -sura,
-tomo, -yara, -yori, -yue]\ yamà-dano˚ otokò-dano˚ otootò-dano
7) -dakè [no accent, with ê -dake]\ yama-dake˚ otoko-dake˚ otooto-dake˘
4.1.12. Sample (accented nouns on initial mora): kì˚ sòra˚ ìnochÏ˚ kòomori˚ with:
1) -de, -äa, -he, -ka, -mo, -ni, -o, -sa, -to, -wa, -ya, -yo [no change]\ kì-de˚ sòra-de˚
ìnochi-de˚ kòomori-de
2) -hodo, -karà, -kirì, -shÏka [no change, but ê -kara, -kiri]\ kì-hodo˚ sòra-hodo˚
ìnochÏ-hodo˚ kòomori-hodo
3) -no (colloquial -˙˚ no change]\ kì-no˚ sòra-no˚ ìnochi-no˚ kòomori-no
4) -ne [no change]\ kì-ne˚ sòra-ne˚ ìnochi-ne˚ kòomori-ne
5) -ka-na [interrogative]˚ -ka-ne˚ -yuè [no change, but ê -yue]\ kì-ka-na˚ sòra-ka-
-na˚ ìnochÏ-ka-na˚ kòomori-ka-na
6) -dàno, -dàtte, -dèmo, -dèwa, -kai, -ka-na [sensation], -kàshira, -kòso, -màde, -nà-
do, -nàri, -nèe, -nò-ni, -sàe, -shimo, -sùra, -tòmo, -yàra, -yòri, -yuè [no change, but ê
-dano, -datte, -demo, -dewa, -kashira, -koso, -made, -nado, -nari, -nee, -noni, -sae, -sura,
-tomo, -yara, -yori, -yue]\ kì-dano˚ sòra-dano˚ ìnochi-dano˚ kòomori-dano
7) -dakè [no accent, with ê -dake]\ ki-dake˚ sora-dake˚ inochi-dake˚ koomori-dake˘
4.1.13. Sample (nouns accented neither on initial nor final mora): kokòro˚
mizuùmi˚ asàäao˚ with
50 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

1) -de, -äa, -he, -ka, -mo, -ni, -o, -sa, -to, -wa, -ya, -yo [no change]\ kokòro-de˚ mi-
zuùmi-de˚ asàäa-de
2) -hodo, -karà, -kirì, -shÏka [no change, but ê -kara, -kiri]\ kokòro-hodo˚ mizuù-
mi-hodo˚ asàäao-hodo
3) -no (colloquial -˙˚ no change]\ kokòro-no˚ mizuùmi-no˚ asàäao-no
4) -ne [no change]\ kokòro-ne˚ mizuùmi-ne˚ asàäao-ne
5) -ka-na [interrogative]˚ -ka-ne˚ -yuè [no change, but ê -yue]\ kokòro-ka-na˚ mi-
zuùmi-ka-na˚ asàäao-ka-na
6) -dàno, -dàtte, -dèmo, -dèwa, -kai, -ka-na [sensation], -kàshira, -kòso, -màde, -nàdo,
-nàri, -nèe, -nòni, -sàe, -shimo, -sùra, -tòmo, -yàra, -yòri, -yuè [no change, but ê -dano,
-datte, -demo, -dewa, -kashira, -koso, -made, -nado, -nari, -nee, -noni, -sae, -sura, -tomo,
-yara, -yori, -yue]\ kokòro-dano˚ mizuùmi-dano˚ asàäao-dano
7) -dakè [no accent, with ê -dake]\ kokoro-dake˚ mizuumi-dake˚ asoäao-dake˘

Nouns with auxiliaries


4.1.14. Sample (accentless nouns): hi˚ ushi˚ sakura˚ (nouns accented on final mo-
ra): yamà˚ otokò˚ (nouns accented on initial mora): kì˚ sòra˚ ìnochÏ˚ (nouns accented
neither on initial nor final mora): kokòro˚ mizuùmi˚ asàäao˚ with
1) -da (no change either in accentless or accented nouns): hi-da˚ ushi-da˚ sakura-
-da÷ yamà-da˚ otokò-da÷ kì-da˚ sòra-da˚ ìnochi-da÷ kokòro-da˚ mizuùmi-da˚ asàäao-da
2a) -dèsÎ (no change, accent on first mora of auxiliary): hi-dèsÎ˚ ushi-dèsÎ˚ sakura-
-dèsÎ
2b) -dèsÎ (accented nouns, no change, with ê -desÎ): yamà-desÎ˚ otokò-desÎ÷ kì-
-desÎ˚ sòra-desÎ˚ ìnochÏ-desÎ÷ kokòro-desÎ˚ mizuùmi-desÎ˚ asàäao-desÎ
3a) -daròo˚ -deshòo˚ -rashìi (accentless nouns, accent on second last mora of auxili-
ary): hi-daròo˚ ushi-daròo˚ sakura-daròo
3b) -daròo˚ -deshòo˚ -rashìi (accented nouns, no change, but ê -daroo˚ -deshoo˚
-rashii]\ yamà-daroo˚ otokò-daroo÷ kì-daroo˚ sòra-daroo˚ ìnochi-daroo÷ kokòro-daroo˚
mizuùmi-daroo˚ asàäao-daroo
4) -da (either accentless or accented nouns, accent on second last mora of auxili-
ary): hi-rashìi˚ ushi-rashìi˚ sakura-rashìi÷ yama-rashìi˚ otoko-rashìi÷ ki-rashìi˚ sora-ra-
shìi˚ inochi-rashìi÷ kokoro-rashìi˚ mizuumi-rashìi˚ asaäao-rashìi.
5.
Shin-Meikai
Nihongo Akusento Jiten
– Appendixes
5. <is chapter reports the most important parts from almost all the appendix-
es of Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten {New “ Clear Japanese Accent Diction-
ary} edited by Kindaichi “ Akinaga (2014), adequately translated and transliterat-
ed. For some particles, no steady accent indication can be provided, because many
di‡erent factors occur in determining their actual appearance in real words. Here,
unaccented forms are followed by °, \ naku°.

Nouns derived from verbs


5.1.1. Nouns derived from simple verbs, in general, have no accent change:
maku° ê maki°˚ asobu° ê asobi°˘
5.2.2. Most derived nouns get an accent on the last mora: hÏkàru ê hÏkarì˘
Exception 1: Derived nouns that have changed compared with their initial
meaning (mostly literary terms) tend to get an accent on their first mora: sèkÎ ê
sèkÏ˘
Exception 2: Nouns with geminate consonants, or ˙ followed by a mora strting
with a nasal, have an accent on their first mora: dàkko˚ nè˙ne˘
Exception 3: Nouns referring to ‘a person/thing that…' (in particular those im-
plying a negative or an emotionally positive meaning) tend to have an accent on
their first mora: sùri˚ mòäuri˚ kàkari˘
Exception 4: Nouns derived from compound verbs are fundamentally unac-
cented: totteokϰ (from tòru + oku°).

Nouns derived from adjectives and other grammatical categories


5.2.1. Nouns derived from adjectives mostly used in the spoken language.
5.2.1.1. From unaccented adjectives, derived nouns get an accent on their last
mora: toòi° ê tookù˘
5.2.1.2. From accented adjectives, derived nouns follow the adjective ‘con-
junctive form' rule: furùi ê fùruk΢
5.2.2. Nouns derived from adjectives mostly used in the written language.
5.2.2.1. From 2-mora adjectives, derived nouns mostly get an accent on their
last mora: sù=Ï ê sÎ=ì (actually, the noun ‘sushi' is derived from this learned form
meaning ‘sour, taste of vinegar').
52 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

5.2.2.2. From 3-mora adjectives, derived nouns are mostly unaccented: omo=ϰ
(learned form of omoi°)˘
5.2.2.3. Adjectives with no typical adjective form (but are like the word rute)
get an accent on their first mora: àka˚ kùro˘
5.2.3. Nouns derived from onomatopoeic or special words.
5.2.3.1. 2-mora adjectives generally become accented nouns on their first mo-
ra: bòro˘
5.2.3.2. 4-mora adjectives generally become unaccented nouns, or accented on
their last or second last mora: gotagota°˚ mi˙mì˙˘
5.2.4. Nouns derived from adverbs. <ey generally maintain the adverb accent
(but unaccented adverbs mostly become nouns with an accent on their last mo-
ra): sòmosomo˚ tokidokì˘

Compound nouns
Rule 1\ 2-mora nouns have an accent on their first syllable (50 per cent).
Rule 2\ 3-mora or 4-mora nouns are unaccented (60 per cent).
Note\ Normally, the compounds are accented or unaccented in accordance
with their first noun situation.
5.3.1.1. If the second noun has only one mora, and the first 1-mora noun is un-
accented, the compound is unaccented, too: ka° ê kaya°˘
5.3.1.2. If the second noun has only one mora, and the first 1-mora noun is ac-
cented on its first mora, the compound has the same pattern: ì ê ìdo˚ nò ê nòbi˘
5.3.2.1. If the first noun has two morae, and the first noun is unaccented, the
compound is unaccented, too: yubi° ê yubiwa°˚ hana° ê hanaji°˘
5.3.2.1. If the first noun has two morae, and the first noun is accented, the com-
pound is mostly medially accented, too (however, neither on its first nor last mo-
ra): tamà ê tamaäo˚ àme ê amàdo˘
5.3.3.1. If the second noun has two morae, and the first noun has one mora and
is unaccented, the compound is mostly unaccented, too: koinu°˘
5.3.3.2. If the second noun has two morae, and the first noun is accented on its
first mora, the compound is accented (mostly on its first mora): tèkubi˚ mèäane˘
Note 1\ If the second word has an accent on its last mora, in many cases the
compound gets an accent on its last mora: nemotò˘
Note 2\ If the second word has an accent on its first mora, in some cases the
compound gets an accent on its middle mora (however, neither on its first nor last
mora): natàne˘
5.3.4.2.1. <e first noun has two morae and is unaccented, in many cases the
compound is unaccented, too: kizu° + äu≠i° ê kizuäu≠i°÷ hana° + mizu° ê
hanamizu°÷ niwa° + i=ì ê niwai=ϰ÷ sato + oyà ê satooya°˘
5.3.4.2.2. <e first noun has two morae and is finally accented, in many cases
the compound is medially accented (but unaccented in several cases): hanà + yome°
ê hanàyome÷ amì + tana° ê amidana°˘
5.3.4.2.3.1. <e first noun has two morae and is initially accented, we can have
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 53

(_ à) + (à _) ê (à _ à à): hàru + kaze° ê harùkaze˘


5.3.4.2.3.2. <e first noun has two morae and is initially accented, we can have
(_ à) + (à _) ê (à _ à à) (or (à _ _ _)): sòra + mamè ê soràmame÷ hàto + munè ê hatomune°˘
5.3.4.2.3.3. <e first noun has two morae and is initially accented, we can have
(_ à) + (à _) ê (à _ _ à) (or (à _ _ _)): àme + kàsa ê amaäàsa÷ tè˙ + màdo ê te˙mado°˘

Compound nouns formed by noun + verb or adjective and other combina-


tions (1 or 2 morae)
Rule 1\ 3-mora compound nouns: 60 per cent unaccented, 25 per cent accent-
ed on their last mora.
Rule 2\ 4-mora compound nouns: 60 per cent unaccented, 14 per cent accent-
ed on their last mora, 10 per cent accented on their second or third mora.
5.4.1.1. 3-mora compounds of noun + verb, with unaccented noun, the com-
pound is unaccented, too: kimo≠ϰ˚ =Ïtaäi°˘
5.4.1.2. 3-mora compounds of noun + verb, with noun accented on its last mo-
ra, the compound mostly has an accent on its last mora (but there are also unac-
cented cases): hanamì˘
5.Verb + noun.
5.4.2.1. 4-mora compounds with unaccented noun, the compound is mostly
unaccented, too (but there are cases of accent on the last or second last mora):
yomeiri°˚ kamayude°˘
5.4.2.2. 4-mora compounds with noun accented on its last mora, the com-
pound has an accent on its last or second last mora): yomeirì˚ mizuàge˘
5.4.2.3. 4-mora compounds with noun accented on its first mora, the com-
pound mostly has an accent on its second or third mora): takòaäe (but also
takoàäe).
5.4.3. Verb + noun.
5.4.3.1. If the verb is unaccented, the compound is unaccented, too: urinu=i°˚
makiäe°˘
5.4.3.2. If the verb is accented, the compound is accented on its second sylla-
ble: amìdo˘
5.4.3.3. In special compounds of 2 or 3 morae, the following nouns are added
to accented verbs: -te ‘hand', -ba ‘place', -ma ‘interval', -mi ‘body', -me ‘eyes', -mono
‘thing', and the compound gets an accent on its last mora: kakÏtè˚ ta≠ibà˚ kiremà˚
kirimì˚ æÎkemè˘
5.4.3.4. In special compounds of 4 morae, -mono ‘thing' is added to accented
verbs, and the compounds generally get an accent on their second or third sylla-
ble: ikìmono˘
5.4.4.1. Noun + adjective combinations are mostly unaccented: kinaäa°˘
5.4.4.2. Unaccented adjective + noun combinations are unaccented: akai° ê
akaæÎ≠i°˘
5.4.4.3. Accented adjective + noun combinations produce 3-mora medially ac-
cented compounds: takài ê takàne˘
54 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

5.4.4.4. Accented adjective + noun combinations produce 4-mora unaccented


compounds or accented on their second mora: wakài ê wakamono°˚ =iròi ê
=iròuri˘
5.4.4.5. Verb + verb combinations are mostly unaccented: urida=ϰ˘
5.4.4.6. Adjective + adjective combinations are mostly unaccented: tooasa°˘
5.4.4.7. Adjective + verb combinations are mostly unaccented: usuäi°˘
5.4.4.8. Onomatopoeia + verb combinations are mostly unaccented: gorone°˚
bi=onure°˘

Simple nouns of Chinese origin


5.5.1. <ey are mostly accented on their first mora (especially less frequent
words): tè˙˘
5.5.2. 1-mora words have an accent on their first mora (75 per cent), or are un-
accented (25 per cent, but there is a tendency to pronounce them with an accent
on their first mora): ài˘
5.5.3. 2-mora words have an accent on their first mora (80 per cent): =ùu˘
Attention\ Words ending in -ki˚ -ku˚ -≠i˚ -æu tend to have their last or middle
mora accented: nikù˚ fÎkù˚ kÏ≠ì˚ koæù˚ =Ïkì˘
Note\ kyakù, tokù˚ teæù˚ jikì˚ tekì (but, with di‡erent ideograph and meaning,
also kyàkÎ˚ tòkÎ˚ tèæÎ˚ jìkÏ˚ tèkÏ]˘

2-ideograph compound nouns (with 1-mora final ideograph and 1- or 2-mora


first ideograph)
5.6. 80 per cent of nouns have two morae, and 65 per cent of those with three
morae have an accent on their first mora.
General rule\ <e first ideograph has one mora, and almost all words have an
accent on their first mora: ≠ìri˚ rìka˘
5.6.1. Nouns derived from Ancient Japanese can also be unaccented or accent-
ed on their last syllable: i=a°˚ geri°˚ sewà˚ de=ì.
5.6.2.1. „en the first ideograph has two morae, almost all words have an ac-
cent on their first mora, or are unaccented.
5.6.2.2. If the noun has nominal meaning, it mostly has an accent on its first
syllable: sèi=Ï˚ Kì˙jo˘
5.6.2.3. If the noun has verbal meaning, it is mostly unaccented: sei=ϰ˚ akka°˘
5.6.3. Among nouns derived from Ancient Japanese some have an accent on
their last or second last syllable: sekÏ=ò˚ he˙jì˚ kakùgo˚ ≠Ïæùjo.
Exception\ Unaccented noun whose last ideograph is: -ka ‘-tion', -ka ‘section',
-ka ‘person who', -äa ‘drawing', -ha ‘school of thought'˚ -wa or -äo ‘-ish, -ese, -(i)an'
(an so on, to indicate languages), -=o ‘written collection'\ eiäo°˚ =i˙wa°˘

Compound nouns whose final part is a 2-mora ideograph (and its initial part
is an ideograph, or an element with 1 or 2 morae, anyway)
General rule 1a\ <e initial part is a 1-mora ideograph and the compound is ac-
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 55

cented on its first mora, or is unaccented, and has a nominal meaning, it is most-
ly accented on its first mora.
General rule 1b\ <e initial part is a 1-mora ideograph and the compound is ac-
cented on its first mora, or is unaccented, and has a verbal meaning, it is mostly
unaccented.
General rule 2\ <e initial part is a 2-mora ideograph, the compound is almost
always unaccented.
Exception\ Words of ancient origin are mostly accented on their first mora:
kài=akÎ˚ jì˙rui˘
5.7.1. Unaccented special compounds determined by the last ideograph: kyuu°
‘level', ju˙° ‘order', =òo ‘illness', jòo ‘form, state', sèi ‘gender', tài ‘shape, body', dà˙
‘story, adventure, talk' or ‘stair, step', tòo ‘party, clan', or ‘class', dòo ‘hall', bà˙ ‘board'
or ‘format' or ‘version' or ‘board', byoo ‘illness', yakù ‘role', rè˙ ‘ream'.
5.7.2. 4-mora special compounds with an accent on their third mora determined
by the last ideograph: òo ‘king', gòo ‘queen', sùu ‘number', kòo ‘imperial', ryòo ‘amount'.

Simple nouns of foreign origin


5.8.1. 2-mora nouns are mostly accented on their first mora: jàmu˚ pì˙˘
5.8.2. 3-mora nouns are mostly accented on their first mora (but when they end
in a long vowel, they generally are influenced by the original language): kùrasÎ˚
kèekÏ˚ sÎtàa˚ tabùu˘
5.8.3. half 4-mora nouns are accented on their first mora (the other half are ac-
cented on the second mora or unaccented]\ è˙gi˙˚ ràibaru˚ orè˙gi˚ kurìimu˚ ante-
na°˚ kyarameru°˘
5.8.4. 5-mora (or more) nouns are mostly accented on their third-last mora:
≠okorèeto˚ daiyamò˙do˘
Note 1: Very common nouns of foreign origin (or referring to common objects)
are normally unaccented: garasΰ˚ bota˙°˚ airo˙°˚ arukooru°˘
Note 2: Recently coined nouns of foreign origin tend to be accented as in the
original language: òodio˚ sàikuri˙gu˚ sÎtòkki˙gu˘

Shortened words
5.9.1. Simple nouns (mostly of foreign origin).
5.9.1.1. 1-mora or 2-mora nouns are accented on their first syllable: àma˚ hèri˘
5.9.1.2. 3-mora nouns are mostly accented on their first syllable or unaccented\
pàama˚ hòomu˚ i˙fure°˚ asÎpara°˘
5.9.2. Compound and shortened nouns.
5.9.2.1. 2-mora nouns have initial accent: =ìgi [-äi÷ =igikaigìi˙˚ -ä-˚ -ä-]˘
5.9.2.2. 3-mora nouns are unaccented: jitama° [jitàmàäo]˘
Note\ Nouns of foreign (not Chinese) origin mostly have initial accent: tèrebi˚ tòire˘
5.9.2.3. 4-mora nouns are unaccented: tokkyuu°˘
5.9.2.4. 5-mora (or more) nouns have middle accent\ Nikkèire˙˘
56 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

Compound nouns whose second element is a verb or an adjective (both the


first and second elements have 1 or 2 morae)
General rule\ their accent is determined by the final element.
5.10.1.1. „en the second element is a 1-mora or 2-mora verb and the first el-
ement gets an adverbial meaning (referred to the verb) the compound is unac-
cented\ miji˙giri°˚ ure=inakϰ˘
5.10.1.2. „en the second element is a 1-mora or 2-mora verb and the first el-
ement gets a direct object meaning (referred to a transitive verb) the compound
has an accent on the last mora of the first element: kuukìnukÏ˚ sakanàæuri˘
5.10.1.3. „en the second element has more than 3 morae, the first mora of
the second element is accented\ mezàma=Ï˚ hÏtorigùra=Ï˘
5.10.2.1. Compound nouns formed by two verbs are mostly unaccented\
æÎkaisÎte°˚ itamidome°˘
5.10.3.1. Compound nouns whose second element is an adjective root are un-
accented\ kimijika°, temijika°˘

Compound nouns with one Chinese-origin ideograph in their final element


(and two or more Chinese-origin ideographs in their initial element, or with more
than three morae)
5.11. <eir accent is determined by the kind of su‚x.
General rule\ accent may be on any mora of the first element.
5.11.1.1. „en the final element has one of the following su‚xes [-kϰ ‘contain-
er/vessel', -ì ‘medicin', -kΰ ‘ward', -≠˜ ‘place/area'): =ookàkÏ˚ gekài˚ se˙kyòkÎ˚ hÏ=ò≠Ï˘
5.11.1.2. „en the last two morae of the final element have one of the follow-
ing ideographs (è˙ ‘garden', gàkÎ ‘learn', =Ïkì ‘ceremony', =ì˙ ‘spirit/soul/mind):
yoo≠ìe˙˚ keizaìgakÎ˚ soæugyoò=Ïki˚ kookì=i˙˘
Special groups˚ which become unaccented˘
5.11.2.1. „en their final element has one of the following su‚xes (-kà ‘per-
son', -gò ‘word', -hà ‘group/party'): seijika°˚ niho˙go°˚ =i˙ni≠Ïha°˘
5.11.2.2. „en in the last two morae of their final element we find one of the
following su‚xes (-kyòo ‘education', -sei° ‘made', -≠òo ‘notebook, -byòo ‘illness'): Ki-
risÎtokyoo°˚ Itariasei°˚ de˙wa≠oo°˚ =i˙zoobyoo°˘

Compound nouns with a Chinese-origin final element (and formed by two


ideographs)
5.12. <eir initial part has no influence on accent, which is determined by their
final element. „en the final element is unaccented or with final accent˚ the com-
pounds have an accent on the first mora of the final element.
5.12.1. Unaccented\ [nikki° ê] enìkkÏ˚ [jidai° ê] edojìdai˚ [kai=a° ê] hoke˙gài-
=a˚ [kooe˙°ê] kokuriæÎkòue˙˚ [gakkoo° ê] kootoogàkkoo˘
5.12.2. «nal accent\ [saikù° ê] takezàikÎ˚ [jigokù° ê] juke˙jìgokÎ˚ [±oogaæù° ê]
Kyuu=òugaæÎ˘
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 57

5.12.3. Initial accent\ [tò=ϰ ê] =imaitò=Ï˚ [=ùgi° ê] riko=ùgi˚ [mòji° ê] ka=i-


ramòji˚ [ryòori° ê] Niho˙ryòori˘

Compound nouns with two elements, when the final one is of foreign origin
(not Chinese)
5.13. <ese words are quite long: almost always they have 5, 6, or 7 morae.
<eir accent may be on the second last mora or on an earlier one.
5.13.1.1. „en both elements are foreign and have less than two morae, the
rule is that given in section 5.8: wà˙ma˙˚ nèkÎtai˘
5.13.1.2. „en both elements are foreign and the final one is unaccented, or
has an accent on its first mora, the compound is accented on the first mora of its
second element: [teeburu° ê] mee˙tèeburu˚ [kèekϰ ê] hottokèekÏ˘
Exceptions\ „en the second element has two morae and the last one is ˙ or a
long vowel, the last mora of the first element is accented: hoomùra˙˚ remò˙tii˘
5.13.2.1. „en the first element is Japanese, and the second one is foreign, and
both have less than two morae, the compound is unaccented\ tobasΰ˚ wagomu°˘
5.13.2.2. „en the first element is Japanese, and the second one is foreign, and
this one is unaccented, or has an accent on its first mora, the compound is accent-
ed on the first mora of its second element: [garasΰ ê] madogàrasÎ˚ [kurìimu° ê] na-
makurìimu˚ KÏtaÀmerika˘
5.13.3.1. „en the final element is read as an alphabet item, the compound is
mainly unaccented: esuefΰ˘
5.13.3.2. „en the final element is read as an alphabet item, but ends with a long
vowel, the compound has an accent on its second last mora: oobìi˚ waiemu=iièe˘

Compound nouns with three or more elements


5.14.1.1. „en the final part is already a compound, and the last element is un-
accented, or has a final accent, the whole word keeps the accent of the final noun.
But if there are several morae, the second last syllable of the second element is ac-
cented: de˙kÏ+kÏka˙+=a = de˙kÏkikà˙=a/de˙kikÏkà˙=a˚ de˙=Ï+ke˙bi+kyoo = de˙-
=Ïke˙bikyoo°˚ yasÎsararìima˙˚ =i˙Niho˙äami°˘
5.14.1.2.1. <e compounds tend to have middle accent when they have three or
more di‡erent elements: jo+ha+kyuu = johàkyuu˘
5.14.1.2.2. <e compounds tend to have middle accent when both their initial
and final parts do not lend themselves to be separated: hÏkìgekÏ˚ ge˙jùu=o˘
Attention\ words with three or four morae tend to be unaccented: doremi°˚ kosoado°˘

Family names
5.15. <e compound accent is influenced by its final element.
5.15.1. 2-mora words: unaccented compounds or with initial accent.
5.15.1.1. <e compound is mostly unaccented, when its final part is tà ‘rice
field', nò ‘field', gà ‘celebration': Sata°˚ Ono°˚ Koga°˘
58 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

5.15.1.2. <e compound has initial accent, when its final part is ì ‘a well', kì
‘tree': Yùi˚ MìkÏ˘
5.15.2. 3-mora words.
5.15.2.1. <e compound is mostly unaccented, when its final part is -i ‘well', kì
‘tree', dà ‘rice field', sawà ‘mountain stream', =imà ‘island': Maæui°˚ Suzukϰ˚ I=ida°˚
Tazawa°˚ Mi=ima°˘
5.15.2.2. <e compound mostly has initial accent, when its final part is tà ‘rice
field', nò ‘field', kamì ‘upper part', kawà ‘river', kÎ≠ì ‘mouth', yamà ‘mount': Fùjita˚
Màkino˚ Mìkami˚ Yùkawa˚ Hìgu≠Ï˚ Kòyama˘
5.15.3. 4-mora words.
5.15.3.1. <e compound is mostly unaccented, when its final part is kamì ‘up-
per part', =imà ‘island', moto° ‘origin', yamà ‘mountain': Murakami°˚ Ue=ima°˚
Ha=imoto°˚ Sugiyama°˘
5.15.3.2. <e compound mostly has middle accent, when its final part is u≠i°
‘in', kawà ‘river', kÎ≠ì ‘mouth', =ita° ‘under', nàäa ‘eternity', ha=ì ‘bridge', hàra
‘field', mori° ‘forest': Yamàu≠Ï˚ Morìkawa˚ Sakàgu≠Ï˚ Yamà=Ïta˚ Tomìnaga˚
Takàha=Ï˚ Uèhara˚ Takèmori˘
5.15.3.3. <e following family names follow the compound-nouns general rules
and mostly have middle accent: AkÎtàgawa˚ Maæudàira˘
5.15.3.4.1. 2-mora words: mostly have initial accent, but there are also unac-
cented cases: TàkÏ˚ Nì=Ï˚ Æuji°˚ Baba°˘
5.15.3.4.2. 3-mora words: mostly have initial accent: Àzuma˚ ±ìmizu˘
5.15.3.5.1. Foreign family names follow the rules on foreign compounds. Chi-
nese or Korean family names have initial accent: Ìi˚ Rì˚ Kìmu˚ Kì˙˘
5.15.3.5.2. 2-mora and 3-mora katakana family names have initial accent:
±òpa˙˚ Ròda˙˘
5.15.3.5.3. 4-mora katakana family names mostly have initial accent (but mid-
dle accent is possible, too): Èjiso˙˚ Nyùuto˙˚ Dekàruto˘
Simple man / woman names (or derived from other grammatical categories)
5.16.1.1. 1-mora or 2-mora names have initial accent: Àya˚ Çìe˚ Mìyo˘
5.16.1.2. 3-mora names deriving from nouns keep the accent of the original
word: Makoto°˚ Yayoi°˘
5.16.1.3. 3-mora names deriving from verbs are unaccented: Noboru°˚ Masaru°˘
5.16.1.4. 3-mora names deriving from adjectives or adjectival verbs have initial
accent: Kìyo=Ï˚ Tàda=Ï˚ Yùtaka˘
Compound first names
5.17.1.1. Japanese-origin 3-mora names (almost all masculine) have initial ac-
cent: HìdekÏ˚ Yò=Ïto˘
5.17.1.2. Fully or partially hiragana or katakana feminine names are unaccent-
ed: Naomi°˚ Masumi°˘
5.17.2.1. Japanese-origin 4-mora names mostly have middle accent: Tokìmasa˚
Takàmori˘
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 59

5.17.3.1. Chinese-origin 2-mora names have initial accent: Sòra˚ Kyò=Ï˘


5.17.3.2. Chinese-origin 3-mora names mostly have initial accent: Bùso˙˚
Rìkyuu˘
5.17.3.3. Chinese-origin 4-mora names normally have an accent on their initial
mora (rarely on the second one): Òoäai˚ Bè˙kei.

«rst names with common su‚xes which determine the accent of the whole name
5.18. Su‚xes which make names unaccented or finally accented.
5.18.1.1. Unaccented in -e°˚ -o°˚ -yò\ Masae°˚ Masao°˚ Kazuyo°˘
Note\ Masculine names ending in -ya° have initial accent: Tàkuya˚ Nàoya˘
5.18.1.2. Unaccented in -hei˚ -nai\ Ka˙pei°˚ Ge˙nai°˘
5.18.2.1. Either unaccented or finally accented in -ki≠i˚ -saku: Sa˙ki≠ϰ/Sa˙-
kÏ≠ì˚ ±i˙sakΰ/±i˙sakù˘
5.18.2.2. Either unaccented or finally accented in -i≠i˚ -maæu°: Kani≠ϰ/Kani-
≠ì˘
5.18.2.3. Unaccented in -zoo˚ -roo: Taæuzoo°˚ Wakazoo°˚ I≠iroo°˚ Saburoo°˘
Note\ <ere are cases of initial accent, as well: Tàroo˚ Jìroo˘
5.18.3.1. „en the first element has less than two morae, they have initial ac-
cent, with -ko˚ -ka°˚ -ji°˚ -hei˚ -sai°: Hànako˚ Àyaka˚ Kè˙ji˚ Gò˙bee˚ HòkÎsai˘
5.18.3.2. „en the first element has three or more morae, their accent is on the
last mora of the first element, with -hÏko˚ -maru˚ -maro˚ -sÎke: Harùhiko˚ U=iwa-
kàmaru˚ Tamuràmaro˚ FÎkùsÎke˘
Note\ If the first element has less than two morae, the name is unaccented: Utamaro°˘

Family and first name accent


5.19. In clearly uttered family and first names an accent does not change.
5.19.1.1. Initial accent: Yamada° Tàro˚ Tàmura Tàro˚ Yamà=Ïta Tàro˘
5.19.1.2. Middle accent: Yamada° KazùhÏko˚ Tàmura KazùhÏko˚ Yamà=Ïta Kazù-
hÏko˘
5.19.1.3. Unaccented: Yamada° Masao°˚ Tàmura Masao°˚ Yamà=Ïta Masao°˘
5.19.1.4. «nal accent: Yamada° Kooi≠ϰ˚ Tàmura Kooi≠ϰ˚ Yamà=Ïta Kooi≠ϰ˘
5.19.1.5. In jointly uttered family and first names, when the name has initial
or middle accent, the first part of the compound name has the accent: Yamada∞Tà-
ro˚ Yamada∞KazùhÏko˚ Yama=Ïta∞Tàro˚ Yama=Ïta∞KazùhÏko˘
5.19.1.6. In jointly uttered family and first names, when the name is accented,
the first element of the family name is accented: Yamada∞Masao˚ Yamada∞Kooi≠ϰ˘
5.19.1.7. In jointly uttered family and first names, when the name is unaccent-
ed or has final accent, the first part of the compound name has the accent: Yamà-
=Ïta∞Masao˚ Tàmura∞Kooi≠Ï˘

Shortened first names


5.20.1.1. Initial accent in 2-mora names/places with more than threee morae in
origin. <e su‚x -sa˙° is added to family names, while -≠a˙ (and the like) is added
60 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

to first names when on familiar terms with somebody: Bàba (instead of Takà-
danobaba), JùkÎ (instead of ±i˙jukΰ), Yàmasa˙ (instead of Yamadasa˙°˚ Yamà-
äu≠Ïsa˙, and so on)˘
5.20.1.2. <e initial part of family or first names is lengthened: Màa≠a˙ or
Màc≠a˙ for Masaosa˙°˚ Sùusa˙ for SuzukÏsa˙°˘
5.20.2.1. Unaccented 3-mora or 4-mora names. Only one part (initial, middle,
or final) is left: Bukuro° [Ikebùkuro]˚ Akiba° [AkÏhàbara]˚ Ni=ioäi° [Ni=ioäìkubo]˘
5.20.2.2. Normally, there is an initial accent for country names, in the combi-
nation of two shortenings or of special utterances of certain ideographs: Bèiso˚ Nì-
≠ibei˘

General rules about numbers


5.21.1.1. Simple numeral of Japanese origin have final accent (less frequently
middle): hÏtòæÎ˚ mitæù˚ iæùæÎ˘
5.21.1.2. Simple 1-mora numeral of Chinese origin have initial accent: nì˚ =ì˘
5.21.1.3. Simple 2-mora numeral of Chinese origin have final accent: rokù˚
ha≠ì˘
Note 1: <ere are some unaccented cases: sa˙°˘
Note 2: <e numbers of foreign origin (not Chinese) follow the rules of foreign
nouns: zero°˘

Compounds with numbers


5.22.1.1. «nal accent for 11˚ 12˚ 14˚ 16˚ 17˚ 18\ juui≠ì˚ juunì˚ juu=ì˚ juurokù˚
juu=Ï≠ì˚ juuha≠ì˘
5.22.1.2. Initial accent for 13˚ 15˚ 19\ jùusa˙˚ jùugo˚ jùuk΢
Note\ Di‡erent pronunciations of 14˚ 17˚ 19, with middle accent: juuyò˙˚ ju-
unàna˚ juukyùu˘
5.22.2.1. Initial accent for 20˚ 30˚ 40˚ 50˚ 90\ nìjuu˚ sà˙juu˚ yò˙juu˚ gòjuu˚ kyùu-
juu˘
5.22.2.2. Middle accent for 60˚ 70˚ 80\ rokùjuu˚ nanàjuu˚ ha≠ìjuu˘
5.22.3.1. «nal accent for 100˚ 200˚ 500˚ 600˚ 800\ hyakù˚ nihyakù˚ gohyakù˚ rop-
pyakù˚ happyakù˘
5.22.3.2. Initial accent for 300˚ 400˚ 900\ sà˙byakÎ˚ yò˙hyakÎ˚ kyùuhyak΢
5.22.3.3. Middle accent for 700\ nanàhyak΢
Note 1\ „en simple numbers are added to hundreds, the compound keeps the
accent of simple numbers: hyakui≠ì˚ hyakÎha≠ì˘
Note 2\ <ousands and tens of thousands have their accent on the first mora of
the second element: nisè˙˚ kyuusè˙˚ sa˙mà˙˚ hyakumà˙˘

Combinations of numbers and Japanese nouns


5.23.1. „en numbers with one or two morae are joint to words like kirè ‘a bit',
kumì ‘a pair', tàba ‘a bundle', æÎkì ‘moon', æùbu ‘a grain', hako° ‘a box', munè ‘ridge'
(and so on), as a general rule the last mora of the number is accented: hÏtòkire˚
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 61

mìkire˚ hÏtòkumi˚ fÎtàkumi˘


Note\ fÎta- (‘2-') should have final accent, but especially younger people accent
the last mora of the number: fÎtaæÎkì ê fÎtàæÎki˚ fÎtakumì ê fÎtàkumi˘
5.23.2.1. „en numbers have three morae or more, a compound with a 1-mo-
ra number has its accent on the second mora: mihà=ira˚ yahà=ira˘
5.23.2.2. „en numbers have three morae or more, a numeral with a 2-mora
number has its accent on the second mora: hÏtòmuka=Ï˘

Compounds made up of numbers and words represented by just one ideograph


5.24.1.1. Numbers 11˚ 12˚ 13˚ 14˚ 15˚ 16˚ 17˚ 18˚ 19 have (à _ 4_7 _ à à) tonal sequen-
ces: juunìne˙˚ juunìsai˚ juui≠ìne˙˚ juurokùne˙˚ juu=Ï≠ìne˙˚ juuha≠ìne˙˚ juu-
yò˙ne˙˚ juukyùune˙˚ juukyùusai˚ juuìkkai˚ juuìssai˘
5.24.1.2. Numbers 14˚ 15˚ 19 (in case 14˚ 15 have a di‡erent pronunciation
from the one shown above) have (_ à à à à) tonal sequences: jùugone˙˚ jùukune˙˚ jùu-
gosai˚ jùuyone˙˘
5.24.2.1. Special groups: the su‚x -ma˙ ‘10.000' has (à _ 4_7 _ _ à): juui≠imà˙˚ juu-
sa˙mà˙˚ juugomà˙˚ jùkyuuma˙˘
Note\ Sometimes also the pattern (_ à à à à) is used: jùugoma˙˚ jùukyuumà˙˘
5.24.2.2. Special groups. <e su‚x -≠akù has (à _ 4_7 _ _ _): juuic≠akù˚ juusa˙≠a-
kù˚ juugo≠akù˘
Note\ For 13˚ 15˚ 19 we have (à _ _ à à à), or (_ à à à à): juusè˙≠akÎ˚ jùugo≠ak΢
5.24.2.3. Special groups: the su‚xes -bai°˚ -=òo˚ -hai˚ -kyùu are unaccented: ju-
ui≠ibai°˚ juusa˙bai°˚ juugobai°˚ juusa˙=oo°˘
Numbers from 20 to 29˘
5.24.3.1. Numbers 14˚ 15˚ 16˚ 17˚ 18˚ 19 have (à _ _ à à à) or (à _ à à à): rokujùune˙˚ ro-
kujìssai˚ gojùune˙˚ gojìssai˘
5.24.3.2. Numbers 12˚ 13˚ 14˚ 19 have (_ à 4à7 à à à): sa˙jùune˙˚ kyuujùune˙, kyuu-
jìssai˘
5.24.4.1. Special groups. <e su‚x -ma˙˚ in 14˚ 15˚ 16˚ 17˚ 18˚ 19˚ has (à _ 4_7 _ _ à)
(younger speakers tend to have (à _ _ à à à) or (à _ à à à)): rokujuumà˙˚ gojuumà˙˚ roku-
jùuma˙˚ gojùuma˙˘
5.24.4.2. Special groups. Numbers 12˚ 13˚ 14˚ 19 have (_ à 4à7 à à à) or (à _ _ _ _ à)
(younger speakers tend to have (à _ _ à à à) or (à _ à à à)): sà˙juuma˙ / sa˙juumà˙ / sa˙jùu-
ma˙˚ nìjuuma˙ / nijuumà˙ / nijùuma˙˘
5.24.5.1. <e su‚x -≠akù has (à _ 4_7 _ _ _): rokujuc≠akù˚ gojuc≠akù˚ sa˙jic≠akù˚
nijic≠akù˘
5.24.5.2. With the su‚xes -bai°˚ -kài˚ -kyùu there is no accent: rokujuubai°˚
gojuubai°˚ sa˙juubai°˚ nijikkai°˘
Numbers from 100 to 900˘
5.24.6. =Ïhyakù˚ be˙gijou ‘from convenience, from facilities'˚ kyuuhyakù˘
5.24.6.1. Numbers 100˚ 200˚ 300˚ 400˚ 500˚ 600˚ 700˚ 800˚ 900 have (à _ _ _ à à): rop-
pyakùne˙˚ gohyakùne˙˚ nihyakùgo˚ gohyakùsaæÎ˘
62 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

5.24.6.2. Numbers 300˚ 400˚ 900 also have (_ à à à à 3): sà˙byakune˙˚ kyùuhyakune˙˚
yò˙hyakuni˙˚ sà˙byakuni˙˘
5.24.7.2.1. Special group, with su‚x -ma˙ for 100˚ 200˚ 300˚ 400˚ 500˚ 600˚ 700˚
800˚ 900 (à _ 4_7 _ _ à): roppyakumà˙˚ gohyakumà˙˘
5.24.7.2.2. Numbers 300˚ 400˚ 900 can also have (_ à à à à à) or (à _ _ _ _ à): sà˙byaku-
ma˙˚ sa˙byakumà˙˘
5.24.7.2.3. With su‚es -bai° and -kài we find (à _ 4_7 _ _ _): roppyakubai°˚ gohyaku-
bai°˚ sa˙byakubai°˚ yo˙hyakubai°˘
5.24.8. From 1000 on, numbers are unaccented: nise˙ne˙°˚ sa˙mane˙°, juuma˙-
mai°˚ hyakumane˙°˘
Compounds formed by a numeral and a word with two or more ideographs
5.25.1. Simple numerals are accented on the first mora of their second element:
yojìne˙˚ juukyuusèikÏ˘
5.25.2. Compound numerals uttered as unitary words are accented on the first
mora of their second element: gojuui≠ijìka˙˚ nihyakkàiri˘
5.25.3. Compound numerals uttered clearly, as two words, have an initial or
middle accent on the first word, while the second word (which is a compound)
has an accent on the first mora of their second element: nìjuuyojìka˙˚ nìjuuissèikÏ˘
Compounds formed by a numeral and a word of foreign origin
5.26.1. Simple or compound nouns are accented on the last mora of their first
element: kyùukiro˚ sà˙kiro˚ ìkkiro˚ juunìdoru˚ rokujùudoru˚ gohyakùdoru (excep-
tion: isse˙doru°]˘
5.26.2. Words of 3 or 4 morae are accented on the first mora of the last element
of the compound: i≠iì˙≠i˚ hyakugùramu˚ juumèetoru˘
5.26.3. Words of 5 or more morae are accented on the first mora of the last el-
ement of the compound: i≠ikirogùramu˚ hyakÎpaasè˙to˘
Numerals uttered in twos
5.27.1.1. For two numbers in a row, words of Japanese origin keep the accent
of the first element, while that of the second one is dropped: hÏtòæÎfutaæÎ˘
5.27.1.2. For two numbers in a row, words of Chinese origin have the accent
on the first mora of the first element: nìsa˙˚ gòrok΢
Note\ If 1-kanji ‘counter' su‚xes are added (as in most cases), the compounds
become unaccented: =igosai°˚ nisa˙kai°˚ sa˙yoni˙°˘
5.27.2.1. For two number + (counter)su‚x sequences˘
5.27.2.1.1. If the first element is accented, the accent of the second element is
dropped: hÏtòrifÎtari˘
5.27.2.1.2. If the first element is unaccented, the first mora of the second element
gets an accent: nidosà˙do˘
5.27.2.2. „en in two number+(counter)su‚x sequences, both the first and
second elements are pronounced separately, both words keep their original accent:
jùuni˙ tòiro˘
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 63

5.27.2.3. Usually, idioms and phrases have a middle accent: gojippohyàppo˘

Verbs derived from other verbs, or adjectives and nouns…


5.28.1. <ey tend to keep the accent pattern of the word from which they de-
rive: unaccented or accented (even if it can change its position); words with many
morae, or new words or dirty words normally have middle accent.
5.28.1.1. From verb to verb: uku° ê ukabu°˚ kìru (‘cut') ê kirèru˚ mìru ê mièru˘
5.28.1.2. From adjective to verb: katai° ê katameru°˚ marui° ê marumeru°˚ o=ìi
ê o=ìmu˘
5.28.1.3.1. From noun to verb, in words of Japanese or Chinese origin, middle
accent: kùmo ê kumòru˚ kàäe ê kaäèru˘
5.28.1.3.2. From noun to verb, in words of foreign (not Chinese) origin, mid-
dle accent: àji ê ajìru˚ demo° ê demòru˘

Compound nouns formed by verb + verb


5.29. Accents are determined according to the first element accent.
5.29.1. Middle accent with unaccented first element (and either unaccented or
accented second element): nakiyàmu÷ nakidàsÎ˚ kainaòs΢
5.29.2. Normally, compound are unaccented, although with first element orig-
inally accented (but younger speakers tend to a middle pattern): miowaru°˚ kaki-
yamu°÷ yominaäasΰ˚ kakidasΰ˘

Compound verbs formed by adjectives and nouns, or other grammatical cat-


egories
5.30. Mostly, with middle accent.
5.30.1. Adjective + verb: middle accent: aozamèru˚ usuäumòru˘
Note\ With -suäiru su‚x, compounds become unaccented (but younger speak-
ers prefer a middle accent pattern): oosuäiru° or oosuäìru˚ takasuäiru° or takasuäìru˘
5.30.2. Onomatopoeias/imitative words + verb.
Middle accent in 3-mora or 4-mora words: donàru˚ unàru˘
Mostly unaccentd words of 5 or more morae (but younger speakers prefer a
middle accent pattern): burasaäaru° or burasaäàru˘
5.30.3. Noun + verb: usually, 3-mora words have middle accent (but there are
unaccented cases with unaccented nouns). 4-mora words, or more, have middle
accent: kizukàu˚ teæudàu˚ kizuæÎkèru˚ uraäaès΢

Verbs with -zúru°˚ -jíru°


5.31. Mostly words of Chinese origin. Younger speakers tend to pronounce
them with middle accent.
5.31.1. „en the first element, formed by an ideograph, ends in a voiceless con-
sonant (and this is also true of the diphthong ei]˚ as a general rule, the compound
is unaccented (or, sometimes, with middle accent): æuujiru°˚ æuuzuru°˚ doojiru° or
64 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

doojìru˚ mejiru° or mejìru˘


5.31.2. „en the first element, formed by an ideograph, ends in a nasal con-
sonant, it can be pronounced either as unaccented or with middle accent: e˙jiru°
or e˙jìru˚ e˙zuru° or e˙zùru˚ =i˙jìru or =i˙jiru°˚ =i˙zùru or =i˙zuru°˘
Attention\ „en a nasal sound change occurs (generated by ˙˚ from verb stems
ending in -i]˚ a compound is middle-accented (rarely unaccented):
5.31.3.1. From adjective to verb (with nasal sound change): ama˙jìru or ama˙ji-
ru°˚ omo˙zùru or omo˙zuru°˚ yasu˙zùru˘
5.31.3.2. From particle to verb (with nasal sound change): saki˙jìru˚ sora˙jìru˚
gae˙zùru˘

Verbs with -súru˚ -su° (-su° has an accent 4not necessarily immediately7 before it)
5.32. Fundamentally, words of Chinese origin.
5.32.1. Verb and su‚x become a single word: the starting word (in order to con-
struct a compound) is of Chinese origin with a single ideograph.
5.32.1.1. 1-mora starting words generate 2-mora compounds (with initial ac-
cent): kàsÎ˚ or 3-mora compounds (with middle accent): kasùru˘
5.32.1.2. With 2-mora starting words, when the second mora of the compound
is a geminate consonant, normally, the compound is unaccented (but younger
speakers tend to prefer middle accent): assuru° or assùru˚ tassuru° or tassùru˘
5.32.1.3. With 2-mora starting words, when the second mora of the compound
is not a geminate consonant, normally, the compound has middle accent: aisùru˚
ka˙sùru˚ hakÎsùru˘
5.32.2. „en verb and su‚x are quite distinct, the accent of the first element
is followed.
5.32.2.1.1. Words of Chinese origin with one ideograph: tokù° ê tokÎsuru°˚ rakù
ê rakùsuru˚ sò˙ ê sò˙suru˘
5.32.2.1.2. Words of Chinese origin with two ideographs: jama° ê jamasuru°˚ ≠oo-
dai° ê ≠oodaisuru°˚ sewà ê sewàsuru˚ a˙nài ê a˙nàisuru˚ kyòka ê kyòkasuru˘
5.32.2.2. Words of Japanese origin: tabì ê tabìsuru˚ kòi ê kòisuru˚ nàmida ê nà-
midasuru˘
5.32.2.3. Words of foreign origin (not Chinese): màakÎ ê màakÎsuru˘
5.32.2.4. O- (honorific) + verb is unaccented: o-ma≠isuru°˚ o-sasoisuru°˘
5.32.2.5. Adjective: akakΰ ê akakÎsuru°˚ mattoo° ê mattoosuru°˘
5.32.2.6. Onomatopoeias/imitative words: dòkidokÏ ê dòkidokÏsuru˘

Compound verbs (which can already contain a -te particle)


5.33. Even if a particle is inserted between verbs, there is no change in mean-
ing. If the initial element is unaccented, the compound keeps the second element
accent; if the initial element is accented, the compound keeps the first element ac-
cent.
5.33.1. Noun + verb: yumè ê yumèmiru˘
5.33.2. Adjective + verb: akakΰ ê akakunàru˚ yòkÎ ê yòkunaru˘
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 65

5.33.3. Verbs linked by a particle: yattekùru˘


Pay attention to these forms (-te/-de -oku˚ -te/-de -iru˚ -tokÎ/-dokÎ˚ -teru/-deru):
itteokΰ ê ittokΰ˚ yò˙deokÎ ê yò˙doku˚ yo˙deiru° ê yo˙deru°˚ kàiteiru ê kàiteru˘
5.33.4. o- or go- (honorific prefixes) + verb: o-kakiitadakΰ˚ o-yasuminasai°˘

Adjectives used in literary language


5.34. <ey are fundamentally adjectives found in proverbs, idioms, set expres-
sions, and so on.
5.34.1. Uninflected, unaccented spoken forms have an accent on their second
last mora: akai° ê akà=Ï˚ kana=ii° ê kanà=Ï˚ æumetai° ê æumetà=Ï˘
5.34.2. Uninflected, initially accented spoken forms keep an initial accent: nài
ê nà=Ï˚ yòi ê yò=Ï˘
5.34.3. Uninflected, medially accented spoken forms have an initial accent: itài
ê ìta=Ï˚ o=ìi ê ò=Ï˚ =iròi ê =ìro=Ï˘
5.34.4. Uninflected, spoken forms with 4, 5, 6 morae have middle accent:
ure=ìi ê urè=Ï˚ medetài ê medèta=Ï (but forms like mijikà=Ï˚ medetà=Ï are more
and more frequently heard).
5.34.5. Inflected adjectives assuming noun value.
5.34.6. Literay adjective inflected unaccented forms get final or middle accent:
omòkÏ or omokì˘
5.34.7. Literay adjective inflected initially or medially accented forms keep their
accent: nàkÏ˚ yòwakÏ˚ nàäakÏ˘
5.34.8. „en simple roots are used, the original accent is kept: æumeta°˚ omo=iro°˘
Adjectives derived from other adjectives, or verbs, nouns, adverbs, and so on
5.35. As a general rule, when the original words are unaccented, also their deriv-
atives are unaccented. „en the original words are accented, most derivatives have
middle accent.
Note\ Inflected adjectives as -=ikÎ (\ -=Ïku˚ -=Ï˚ -=Ïki˚ -=Ïkere) almost always
get middle accent.
5.35.1. From adjectives: omoi° ê omotai°˚ nemui° ê nemutai°˚ kÏtanài ê kÏtana-
ra=ìi˘
5.35.2. From onomatopoeias/imitative words (always middle accent): yawarà-
ka ê yawarakài˚ atatàka ê atatakài˘
5.35.3. From verbs: sawàäu ê sawaäa=ìi˚ uràmu ê urame=ìi˚ yorokòbu ê
yorokoba=ìi˘
5.35.4. From nouns: maru° ê marui°˚ kiiro° ê kiiroi°˚ =Ïkakù ê =Ïkakùi or =Ï-
kakui°˚ hìdoo ê hidòi˘
5.35.5. From repeated words (middle accent): meme=ìi˚ zuuzuu=ìi˚ bakaba-
ka=ìi˘
5.35.6. From adverbs (middle accent): hanahada=ìi˚ ikaäawa=ìi˘
Note\ Younger speakers tend to use middle accent in words which should be
unaccented, as well.
66 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

Compound adjectives
5.36.1. Adjective roots + uninflected adjective forms are usually unaccented,
but there is a tendency to middle accent when there are many morae: usuäurai° [-g-]
or usuäurài [-g-]˚ aojiròi or aojiroi°˘
5.36.2. Verbs + uninflected adjective forms mostly have middle accent: aæùi ê
mu=iaæùi˚ kÎsài ê koäekÎsài˘
5.36.3.1. Verbs + uninflected unaccented adjective forms produce unaccented
or medially accented compounds: arai° ê tearai° or tearài˚ karui° ê miäarui° or
miäarùi (both also -g-]˘
5.36.3.2. Verbs + uninflected accented adjective forms tend to produce medi-
ally accented compounds: nài ê nasakenài˚ kuru=ìi ê ikiäuru=ìi [-g-]˘
5.36.4. Onomatopoeia/imitative-word roots + adjectives are mostly unaccent-
ed (but younger speakers prefer middle accent, especially in words with many
morae): honoäurai° [-g-]˚ -ài÷ hyoronaäai° [-g-]˚ -ài˘

Onomatopoeias and imitative-words with Japanese-origin su‚xes


5.37.1. Words ending in -to°˘
5.37.1.1. 3-mora words ending in -to° (whose second mora is a lengthened vowel
or consonant, or ˙, or a diphthongal element) have initial accent: wàatto˚ kàtto
(however, unaccented forms can be found, too: kÏtto°˚ sotto°˚ ≠a˙to°]˘
5.37.1.2. 3-mora words ending in -to° (whose second mora is a lengthened vow-
el or consonant, or ˙, or a diphthongal element) can have either initial or middle
accent: ≠iràtto˘
5.37.1.3. 4-mora (or more) words ending in -to° have an accent on the mora pre-
ceding the geminate (however, if the second mora is a lengthened vowel, the words
tend to be unaccented): pirìtto˚ hyùutto˚ kaatto°˘
5.37.2.1. 3-mora words ending in -ri (where -to° is not part of the compound, but
can be added or not at the end) have middle or final accent: nikòri(to)˚ nikorì(to)÷
hiyàri(to)˚ hiyarì(to)˘
5.37.2.2. 4-mora words ending in -ri (where -to° is not part of the compound, but
can be added or not at the end) have an accent on their second last mora – (à _ _ à):
u˙zàri(to)˚ sappàri(to)˘
5.37.3.1. 2-mora words plus final -˙˚ mostly have initial accent.
5.37.3.2. 3- or 4-mora words plus final -˙ mostly have middle accent – (à 4_7 _ à):
gatà˙(to)˚ gattà˙(to)˚ pÎæù˙˚ pÎtæù˙˘
5.37.4.1. 3-mora words (which can be followed by -na˚ -ni) ending in -ka have
initial accent: òroka˚ yùtaka˘
5.37.4.2. 4-mora (or more) words (which can be followed by -na˚ -ni) ending
in -ka have middle accent – (à _ 4_7 à à): niäìyaka˚ oròsoka˚ miyabìyaka˚ æumabìraka˘

Onomatpoeias and imitative words with su‚xes of Chinese origin


5.38.1.1. 3-mora words ending in -ko˚ -ji°˚ -jo have initial accent: kàkko˚ gà˙ko˚
tòæujo˘
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 67

5.38.1.2. 4-mora (or more) words ending in -ko˚ -ji°˚ -jo have middle accent: da˙-
dà˙ko˚ kikkyùujo˘
5.38.1.3. Words ending in -jàkÎ tend to become unaccented: jijakΰ˚ doojakΰ˘
5.38.2. Words ending in -zè˙˚ -ne˙ become unaccented: aze˙°˚ da˙ze˙°˚ te˙ne˙°˘

3- or 4-mora compounds of repeated or similar words of Chinese origin


5.39.1.1. Onomatpoeias and imitative words with su‚x -to° frequently have ini-
tial accent: dòkidokÏ(-to)˚ mù=aku=a(-to)˘
Attention\ Because of vowel devoicing, we have middle accent: pÏkàpÏka – (à _ à à)˘
Note\ „en final -to° is preceded by -t- (giving a geminate) an accent is on the
mora which precedes the geminate: gorogoròtto˚ dokidokìtto˘
5.39.1.2. Words with su‚xes -da° or -ni° are unaccented: æuruæuru(da)°˚ me≠a-
kÎ≠a(da° or -ni°]˘
5.39.2.1. Onomatpoeias and imitative words with su‚x -to° and verb suru° (but
not particle wa] have middle accent (à _ _ à): marumàru(-to)˚ nobinòbi(to)˘
5.39.2.2. Onomatpoeias and imitative words with su‚x -to° (but neither verb
suru°˚ nor particle wa] mostly have middle accent (à _ _ à) (sometimes (à _ à à)): ariàri(to)˚
takadàka(to)˚ harubàru(to) or harùbaru(to)˘
5.39.2.3. Onomatpoeias and imitative words with su‚x -da° or -ni° (but not -to°˚
nor verb suru°˚ nor particle wa] are unaccented: aæuaæu(da)°˚ tobitobi(ni)°˘

Compounds of repeated or similar words (with 2, 3, or 4 morae) of Chinese origin


5.40.1. 2-mora words have initial accent: kòko˘
5.40.2. 3-mora words have initial accent: jìkuji˘
5.40.3.1. 4-mora words with complete repetition are mostly unaccented (but
also middle accented (à _ _ à)): gakuäakΰ˚ yuuyùu˘
5.40.3.2. 4-mora words with partial repetition (or similarity) are unaccented:
fÎkuikΰ˚ kookoæÎ°˚ te˙me˙°˘

Compounds whose final word is an onomatpoeia or imitative word


5.41.1. <e initial and final parts of a compound remain well distinct (as also
their accents do): ìi dakudakΰ˘
5.41.2. <e two elements join, but one can be well distinct from the other (they
have a feeble phonic link): zukì˙zuki˙˚ zàkkubara˙˘
5.41.3.1. <e two elements join as a whole 8-mora word (they have a strong
phonic link – mostly as (à _ _ _ _ à à à)): dokkoidòkkoi˘
5.41.3.2. <e two elements join as a whole 6-mora word (whose second mora
is ˙ – (à _ _ _ à à)): ≠i˙≠Ïkùri˙˘
5.41.3.3. <e two elements join as a whole 6-mora word (with the first two
morae of Chinese origin) are unaccented: he˙tekori˙°˘
68 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

Nouns derived from numerals


5.42.1.1. «nal-accented numeral of Japanese origin: mitæù ê mitæÎkatta°˚
fÎtari ê fÎtariyukΰ˚ ha˙to=ì ê ha˙to=imàæÎ˘
5.42.1.2. «nal-accented numeral of Chinese origin: hyakù ê hyakuaru°˚ i≠idò
ê i≠idomìta˚ ±ooäaæù ê ±ooäaæuyukΰ˘
5.42.2.1. Medially-accented numeral ending in a long vowel: kinòo ê kinoomì-
ta˚ yo˙jùu ê yo˙juusùäita˘
5.42.2.2. Medially-accented numeral ending in ˙: takÎsà˙ ê takÎsa˙kau°˚ gonì˙
ê goni˙kàeru˘
5.42.2.3. Medially-accented numeral ending in a diphthong: nikài ê nikaiowa-
ru°˚ sa˙kài ê sa˙kaidèta˘
Pronominal adjectives
5.43.1. Words of Japanese origin. Practically, there are no compounds with final
accent. If the compounds are derived from di‡erent grammatical categories, they
maintain the accent of the original word. Mostly, they take a particle or an auxil-
iary verb, in this case, the rules given in the sections on particles and auxiliaries
are valid.
5.43.2.1. Words of Chinanese origin generally have initial accent: kàkÎ kòji˙˚
gè˙ =Î=oo°˘
5.43.2.2. „en the phonetic link between the two elements is strong, we find
middle accent: ze˙sèkai˚ ze˙Nippò˙˘
Demonstratives, interrogatives, and personal pronouns
5.44.1. Words to indicate something or someone are mostly unaccented: kore°˚
kono°˚ are°˚ ano°˘
Note\ If there is a geminate, the word gets final accent: koc≠ì˚ soc≠ì˚ ac≠ì˘
5.44.2. Words to indicate a question have initial accent: dòko˚ dòc≠i˚ ìæÎ˚ nàze˘
5.44.3.1. Personal pronouns of Japanese origin, almost all derived from other
categories, maintain the accent of the original word: kimi°˚ watakÎ=i°˚ kàre˘
5.44.3.2. Personal pronouns of Chinese origin, of one or two morae, have ini-
tial accent: yò˚ kìjo˘
Connectives
5.45. Almost always words derived from other grammatical categories, or com-
pound words, which maintain the original accent: kàæÎ˚ sunàwa≠Ï˚ suruto°˘

Adverbs derived from the combination of two elements


5.46. <e rules to follow are those of nouns or verbs + particles, according to the
grammatical categories which form the adverbs. Nouns: tamani°˚ kyuuni°˚
imadani°˘ Verbs: kes=Ïte°˚ kiwàmete˚ kàette˘ (Compounds derived from unaccent-
ed words become (à _ à à): hajìmete˘] Adjectives: yòkumo˚ kàrakumo˘ With two par-
ticles together: ≠Ïttòmo˚ tamanìha˘
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 69

Adverbs derived from repeated or similar words


5.47. Reference has to be made to sections on nouns, verbs, numerals, repeat-
ed words, and so on. In general, words which should have middle accent tend to
be uttered as unaccented. Usually, words with many morae have an accent on the
first mora of their second element.
5.47.1.1. Words with 2 or 3 morae have initial accent: yàya˚ =ìjuu˘
5.47.1.2. Words which speakers do not strongly feel to have the same element
repeated mostly become unaccented\ mama°˘
5.47.2.1. 4-mora adverbs have initial accent if they derive from initial-accent
words: wàzawaza˚ =òo=oo˘
5.47.2.2. 4-mora adverbs tend to have (à _ à à) if they derive from unaccented or
final-accent words: masùmas΢
5.47.2.3. Words which speakers do not strongly feel to have the same element
repeated mostly become unaccented\ yukuyukΰ˚ usuusΰ˚ tabitabi°˘
5.47.3. Interrogative or connective words, or words conveying ashtonishment,
have initial accent: òyaoya˚ dàresore˚ mò=imo=i˘
Nouns + particles
5.48. Mostly only the accent of the particle changes (not that of the noun).
5.48.1. Poper/first names and numerals follow the rule of common nouns: Yama-
da° ê Yamadaäa°˚ Yamadayòri÷ Sàtoo ê Sàtooäa˚ Sàtooyori÷ Yamà=Ïta ê Yamà=Ïtaäa˚
Yamà=Ïtayori÷ Koofΰ ê Koofuäa˚ Koofuyòri÷ Tosà ê Tosàäa˚ Tosàyori÷ Kyòoto ê
Kyòotoäa˚ Kyòotoyori÷ i≠ì ê i≠ìäa˚ i≠ìyori÷ nìjuu ê nìjuuäa˚ nìjuuyori˘
5.48.2. Numerals and particles: nikai° ê nikaiäa°˚ nikaiyòri÷ i≠ini≠ì ê
i≠ini≠iäa˚ i≠ini≠iyòri˘
5.48.3. In the following cases there is a tendency to utter the compound as un-
accented: final accent: naæù ê naæunoowari°, otokò ê otokonohÏtò˚ yasumì ê ya-
suminohÏtò˚ otootò ê otootonotomoda≠i°˘
5.48.4. Word ending in a lengthened vowel, ˙˚ or -i˚ which have an accent on
their second last mora, tend to produce unaccented compounds: kinòo ê kinoono°˚
Nihò˙ ê Niho˙no°˚ Taiwà˙ ê Taiwa˙no°˚ ototòi ê ototoino°˘
5.48.5. In old country names, and phrases with finally accented numbers, com-
pounds do not become unaccented: Tosà ê Tosànokuni˚ mitæù ê mitæùnoko˚
hyakù ê hyakùnohÏto˘
5.48.6. Word ending in a lengthened vowel, ˙˚ or -i˚ which have an accent on
their second last mora (and convey quantities or numbers) do not become unac-
cented: gonì˙ ê gonì˙noko˚ takÎsà˙ ê takÎsà˙nohana˚ hyakumà˙ ê hyakumà˙-
nomikata˘
5.48.7. Due to a devoiced vowel, a final accent passes to a second last mora:
=Ïkì ê =Ïkìnouta˚ =Ïkè˙ ê =Ïkè˙nohÏ˘

Compounds of doubled or similar words + particles


5.49. Certain compounds already have a particle, others have none.
70 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

5.49.1. Words with no particle follow the rules of nouns without particles:
ka˙ka˙ ê ka˙ka˙ni˚ =ìzuka ê =ìzukani˘
5.49.2. Words including particle -to° with the addition of another particle, get
middle accent if unaccented, but do not change if with initial or middle accent:
≠iràtto ê ≠iràtto=Ïka˚ kÏ≠ì˙to ê kÏ≠ì˙toha˘

Adverbs, conjunctions, interrogatives, astonishment expressions + particles


5.50.1. „en a particle is not present, refer to the section on nouns + particles:
æuäìæuäi ê æuäìæuäini÷ àmata ê àmatano÷ kore° ê koreha°˚ koremàde÷ mattakΰ ê
mattakuno°˚ mattakùno˘
5.50.2. „en a particle is already present and another is added, refer to the sec-
tion on particles + particles: korekara° ê korekaràdemo˚ ìæÎkawa ê ìæÎkaha˘

Particle + particle
5.51.1. As a general rule, such compounds tend to have a low final part, more
so if the first particle is already low: toride° ê toridèsae, hanàde ê hanàdesae˚ naite°
ê naitèkara˚ yò˙de ê yò˙dekara˚ koreni° ê korenìha˚ tamani° ê tamanì=Ïka˚ nànio
ê nànioka˚ ìæumo ê ìæumono˘
5.51.2. Even if the word and the particles are uttered separately, the final part
of the particles is low. Examples of two particles which can occur after a word and
can be uttered separately: tèmo˚ dèmo˚ tòka˚ tòmo˚ nìmo˚ nòde
5.51.3. An unaccented solution can be acceptable with particles -to°˚ -kirì˚
-=ika°˚ -dakè and when a preceding particle is accented: torikàto or torikato°˚ naitè-
dake or naitedake°˚ warautò=Ïka or warauto=Ïka°˘
5.51.4. With particles -kùrai˚ -dòkoro˚ -bàkari˚ if the word preceding the two
particles of the compound is unaccented, or with final accent, it is also possible to
have an accent on the first more of the two combined particles: hÏtotòbakari or
hÏtotobàkari˚ naitèbakari or naitebàkari˚ u≠inibàkari˘

Auxiliary verb + particle


5.52. Auxiliaries can appear di‡erently: as nouns, verbs, adjectives.
5.52.1. Verb: naraberu° ê naraberuto°˚ narabete°÷ nakareru° ê nakareruto°˚ naka-
rete°÷ =irabèru ê =irabèruto˚ =iràbete÷ yomarèru ê yomarèruto˚ yomàrete˘
5.52.2. Adjective (if the adjective is unaccented, when a particle is added, an
accent is put on the second last mora of the adjective): æumetai° ê æumetàika˚ æu-
metài=Ï÷ nakÏtài ê nakÏtài=Ï÷ mijikài ê mijikàika˚ mijikài=Ï÷ yomitài ê yomitài-
ka˚ yomitài=Ï˘

«nal particles
5.53. Either a particle has its own accent, or it is influenced by sentence into-
nation. For example, a phrase like yomu-nee can be yòmu nèe if uttered to obtain
consent, but yòmunee if talking to oneself, with no need for consent.
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 71

Noun or proper name + auxiliar


5.54.1. Nouns follow section on nouns and particles.
5.54.2. Proper names: Yamada° ê Yamadada°˚ YamadadèsÎ÷ Yamà=Ïta ê Yamà-
=Ïtada˚ Yamà=ÏtadesÎ÷ Koofΰ ê Koofuda°˚ KoofudèsÎ÷ Tòsa ê Tòsada˚ TosàdesÎ÷
Kyòoto ê Kyòotoda˚ KyòotodesÎ.
5.54.3. Cardinal numbers: i≠ì ê i≠ìda˚ i≠ìdesÎ÷ nìjuu ê nìjuuda˚ nìjuudes΢
5.54.4. Ordinal numbers: nikai° ê nikaida°˚ nikaidèsÎ÷ i≠ini≠ì ê i≠ini≠ìda˚
i≠ini≠ìdes΢

Onomatopoeias and imitative words + auxiliar


5.55.1. Words (with an auxiliary, but) not yet combined with particles follow
the section on nouns + auxiliaries: ka˙ta˙° ê ka˙ta˙da°˚ mabara° ê mabaradè-
sÎ˚ pÏttàri ê pÏttàridesÎ˚ niäìyaka ê niäìyakada˚ =ìzuka ê =ìzukada˚ gà˙ko ê gà˙-
kodes΢
5.55.2. Words already combined with particles follow the section on particles
+ auxiliaries: kÏtto° ê kÏttòda˚ sotto° ê sottòdesÎ˚ ≠iràtto ê ≠iràttodesÎ˚ pàtto ê pàt-
toda˘

Adverbs, interrogatives, conjunctions and emotional expressions + particle


5.56.1. Words (with an auxiliary, but) not yet with additional particles follow
the section on nouns + particles: =Ïkà=Ï ê =Ïkà=ida˚ anàta ê anàtadesÎ˚ dàre ê
dàredaroo˚ dàkara ê dàkarades΢ With adverbs: kore° ê koredaròo÷ yohodo° ê yoho-
dodesÎ˚ yohodòdesÎ÷ mattakΰ ê mattakùda÷ sekkakΰ ê sekkakùdesuäa˘
5.56.2. Words with additional particles follow the section on particles + auxil-
iaries: sokode° ê sokodèda÷ korekara° ê korekaràdaroo÷ nàniyori ê nàniyorida˘

Particles + auxiliaries
5.57.1. „en accented particles add an auxiliary, they keep the same accent: ki-
mino° ê kiminòdesÎ˚ anàtano ê anàtanodesÎ˚ nakÎto ê nakÎtòda˚ yòmuto ê yòmu-
toda˚ nakuno ê nakùnodaroo˚ yòmuno ê yòmunodaroo˚ yòmumade ê yòmumade-
des΢
5.57.2. With compounds with several morae, or when the initial element has
an accent just before a particle, there is a tendency to utter everything together (or
separated, as well): naraberudakèdaroo or naraberu° dakèdaroo˚ kàkudakedesÎ or
kàku dakèdes΢
5.57.3. With yòoda˚ ra=ìi˚ gòto=i auxiliaries, if a word before a particle is final-
ly accented or unaccented (independently from the particle accent situation), an
accent tends to be put on the mora which precedes the auxiliary: toritora=ìi or
toritòra=ii˚ hanatora=ìi or hanàtora=ii˘

Auxiliary + auxiliary
5.58.1. <e first element is a verb: naku° ê nakaseru° (aux.) ê nakaseta° (aux.)÷
72 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

nakÏtai ê nakÏtaidaròo÷ naraberu° ê narabeta°÷ =iraberu° ê =iràbeta÷ kakasèru ê


kakàseta˘
5.58.2. <e first element is an adjective: æumetai° ê æumetaidaròo÷ mijikài ê
mijikàidaroo÷ yomitài ê yomitàidaroo˘

Conjugated auxiliary forms


Literary forms. As a general rule, compounds maintain the accent of their first
element.
5.59.1.1. With su‚xes -ru˚ -raru˚ -sÎ˚ -sasÎ˚ -nu˚ they are unaccented (if the first
element is unaccented), or midially accented (if the first element is accented): na-
karu°˚ yomàru˚ kiraru°˚ miràru˚ nakasΰ˚ yomàsÎ˚ nakanu°˚ yomàru˘
5.59.1.2. With su‚x -zu°˚ they are unaccented or accented as their first element
are: kizu°˚ mìzu˚ nakazu°˚ yòmazu˚ =irazu°˚ nòmazu˚ yarazu°˚ kùwazu˚ warawazu°˚
omòwazu˘
5.59.1.3. With su‚xes -ta=Ï˚ -ma=Ï˚ middle accent is a new tendency: =inì-
ta=Ï ‘old' ê =inità=Ï ‘new', yomìta=Ï ‘old' ê yomità=Ï ‘new'.
5.59.1.4.1. With su‚xes -ki˚ -æu°˚ -tàri˚ -nàri˚ verbs and adjectives are unaccent-
ed (\ have an accent on the mora before an auxiliary), or accented (\ an accent
tends to be placed in subsequent positions): =nìkÏ˚ yòmiæÎ˚ =inùnari˚ yòmunari˚
=inìtari (new ê =initàri]˚ yòmitari˚ oyòäitari˘
5.59.1.4.2. With su‚xes -ki˚ -æu°˚ -tàri˚ -nàri˚ nouns are unaccented (\ have an
accent on the first mora of an auxiliary), or accented (\ an accent tends be placed
in subsequent positions): torinàri˚ hanànari˚ àmenari˚ mizuùminari˘
5.59.1.4.3. With su‚xes -ke˙°˚ -ra˙˚ -ra=i˚ -bè=i˚ -maji˚ -äoto=i˚ verbs and ad-
jectives are unaccented (\ have an accent on the first mora of an auxiliary), or ac-
cented (\ there is a tendency towards compounds with middle accent): nakurà˙˚
àrube=Ï˚ tòrumaji˘
5.59.1.4.4. With su‚xes -ke˙°˚ -ra˙˚ -ra=i˚ -bè=i˚ -maji˚ -äoto=i˚ nouns are un-
accented (\ have an accent on the first mora of an auxiliary), or accented (\ an
accent tends to be placed in subsequent positions): torirà=Ï˚ hanarà=Ï˘
Attention\ When particle -goto=i is preceded by particle -äa or -no˚ the com-
pounds are as follows: nakuäaäòto=Ï÷ yòmuäaäoto=Ï or yomuäaäotò=Ï˘
5.59.2. With su‚xes -ri˚ -nu˚ -˙˚ -zari˚ -=imu˚ -ta=i˚ there is an accent on sec-
ond last mora: nakèri˚ sakìnu˚ yomà˙˚ =ira=ìmu˚ yomità=Ï˚ kÏkazàru˘

Prefixes indicating degrees or levels


5.60. Accent changes according to meaning.
5.60.1. Prefixes indicating emotions (refer to sections on compounds): kimù-
sume, ma˙marui°˚ kayowai° (adjectives).
Note 1\ Prefix ai- (when speaking solemnly or formally), a compound is uttered
with middle accent, or ai- is separated from the following word: àiæuäu˚ ài taisùru˘
Note 2\ Prefixes su- ‘naked, simple', and su-˚ fu- (negative) with 3-mora com-
pounds mostly have initial accent: sùa=Ï˚ fùnare˘
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 73

Note 3\ Prefixes ma- with 3-mora compounds is mostly unaccented, with 4-mo-
ra or more we have: mamizu°˚ mayònaka˘
5.60.2. Prefixes indicating moods or feelings mostly have initial accent: kòna-
maikÏ˚ nàmayasa=ii˚ dàisÎki˘

Honorific forms
5.61. Su‚x -o°˘
5.61.1.1. 1-mora nouns are unaccented: sù ê o-sΰ˚ ≠à ê o-≠a°˘
5.61.1.2. 2-mora nouns are unaccented for unaccented nouns: kane° ê o-kane°˚
kyaku° ê o-kyakΰ˘
5.61.1.3. 2-mora nouns with final accent are mostly unaccented (but middle ac-
cents occur, too): heyà ê o-heya°˚ nikù ê o-nìk΢
5.61.1.4. Initially accented 2-mora nouns mostly get middle accent (but unac-
cented cases occur, too): hà=Ï ê o-hà=Ï˚ sàru ê o-sàru˘
5.61.1.5. Unaccented 3-mora nouns get an accent on the first mora of a noun
(but honorifics used since ancient times are mostly unaccented): teäami° ê o-tèäa-
mi˚ sakana° ê o-sakana°˘
5.61.1.6. «nally accented 3-mora nouns become unaccented: kotobà ê o-koto-
ba°˚ takarà ê o-takara°˘
5.61.1.7. Initially accented 3-mora nouns keep an accent on the noun first mo-
ra: tè˙kÏ ê o-tè˙kÏ˚ sùäata ê o-sùäata˘
5.61.1.8. Medially accented 3-mora nouns mostly become unaccented (but
some middle accent occur, too): tehò˙ ê o-teho˙°˚ satòo ê o-satoo°˚ fÎkì˙ ê o-fÎkì˙˘
5.61.1.9. 4-mora (or more) unaccented nouns mostly remain unaccented (but
there are some cases of middle accent): soo=Ïki° ê o-soo=Ïki°˚ tomoda≠ϰ ê o-
-tomoda≠Ï˚ se˙takΰ ê o-sè˙tak΢
5.61.1.10. Initially accented 4-mora (or more) nouns become medially accent-
ed: kòzukai ê o-kòzukai˘
5.61.1.11. Medially accented 4-mora (or more) nouns remain medially accent-
ed: joohì˙ ê o-joohì˙˚ soozài ê o-soozài˘
5.61.2.1. Nouns derived from verbs are unaccented: hana=ì ê o-hana=i°˚ ya-
sumì ê o-yasumi°˘
5.61.2.2. In time phrases or numerals, normally accent does not change: fÛtarì
ê o-fÛtarì˚ =ooäaæù ê o-=ooäaæù˘
5.61.2.3. Adjectives become unaccented: aæùi ê o-aæui°˚ uæÎku=ìi ê o-uæÎku=ii°˘
Note\ -go su‚x maintains the accent of the original word: buji° ê go-buji°˚
a˙=i˙ ê go-a˙=i˙˚ zò˙ji ê go-zò˙ji˚ ryòo=i˙ ê go-ryòo=i˙˘

Nouns derived from di‡erent grammatical categories + su‚xes


5.62.1. Su‚x -sa. Nouns derived from adjectives or adjectively used verbs.
5.62.1.1. Unaccented adjectives mostly remain unaccented (but sometimes get
middle accent when they have many morae): omoi° ê omosa°˚ muzuka=ii° ê mu-
zukà=Ïsa˘
74 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

5.62.1.2. Medially accented 3-mora adjectives get initial accent: takài ê tàkasa
5.62.1.3. Medially accented 4-mora adjectives get an accent on the mora before
-sa (but also third-last accents are possible): medetài ê medètasa or medetàsa˘
5.62.1.4. Adjectively used verbs are unaccented or accented on the mora before
-sa: aimai° ê aimaisa°˚ òroka ê orokàsa˘
5.62.2. Su‚x -mi°.
5.62.2.1. Unaccented forms remain unaccented: amai° ê amami°˚ akarui ê aka-
rumi°.
5.62.2.2. Accented forms mostly get final accent (but also medially accented or
unaccented cases are found): æuyòi ê æuyomì˚ iyà ê iyamì or iyami°˘
5.62.3. Su‚xes -ke°˚ -äe°.
5.62.3.1. Unaccented forms remain unaccented: mizu° ê mizuke°˚ nemui° ê ne-
muke°˘
5.62.3.2. 3-mora accented forms become unaccented: irò ê iroke°˚ samùi ê
samuke°˘
5.62.3.2. 4-mora (or more) accented forms become medially accented: ure=ìi
ê ure=ìäe˘
5.62.4.1. Unaccented adjectives conveying degrees or levels remain unaccent-
ed: katai° ê katame°˘
5.62.4.2. Accented adjectives conveying degrees or levels become finally accented
or unaccented: karài ê karamè or karame°˘ 4-mora words become unaccented.

Su‚xes for person names and nouns in general


5.63. Su‚xes for person names: honorific, nickmanes, friendly pet names.
5.63.1.1. Unaccented forms with su‚xes -samà˚ -sa˙°˚ -≠a˙° remain unaccent-
ed: Yamadasama°˚ obasa˙°˘
5.63.1.2. Accented forms with su‚xes -samà˚ -sa˙°˚ -≠a˙° keep the accent of the
name: Hànako≠a˙˘
5.63.2.1. Unaccented forms with honorific su‚x -=i° take an accent on the
mora before -=i°: Yamadà=Ï˘
5.63.2.2. Accented forms with honorific su‚x -=i° keep their accent un-
changed: KÏ=ìmoto=Ï˘
5.63.3.1. Unaccented forms with su‚x -ku˙ remain unaccented: Masaoku˙˘
5.63.3.2. Accented forms with su‚x -ku˙ keep their accent unchanged: Tàkuyaku˙˘
5.63.4. Educational qualifications like se˙sèi˚ hàkase, and so on, have an accent
on the second last mora of su‚xes: Yamadase˙sèi˚ KÏ=imotose˙sèi˘
5.63.5.1. Unaccented professions with su‚x -ya° remain unaccented: sake° ê sa-
kaya°˚ sakana° ê sakanaya°˘
5.63.5.2. Accented professions with su‚x -ya° get an accent on the last mora of
the first element: komè ê komèya˚ hanà ê hanàya˚ kÎæù ê kÎæùya˚ kàsa ê kasàya˘
5. Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten – Appendixes 75

Su‚xes added to nouns or adjectives


5.64.1. Unaccented when first elements have 2 morae or less: jidoo=Ïki°˚ juäyoo-
≠uu°˘
5.64.2. -zè˙\ accent on first mora of last element: kiäe˙zè˙˘
5.64.3. -ka°\ mostly unaccented (but there are cases of accents on last mora of
first element; sometimes both possibilities are available): eiäaka° or eiäàka˘
5.64.4. -buri°\ either unaccented or finally accented: hÏsa=iburi° or hÏsa=iburì˘
5.64.5. -kata°\ unaccented if first elements are unaccented: o=iekata°˘
5.64.6. -kata°\ accent on last or second last mora if the words have an accent
(sometimes two possilities are valid): æÎkurikatà or æÎkurikàta˘
5.64.7. „en first elements have 3 morae or more, we find: kaeri=ìdai˚ nomihòodai˘

Verbs or adjectives derived from other grammatical categories + su‚x


5.65. Verbs and adjectives are accented on their second last mora: iyaäàru˚ kana-
=iäàru˚ kiramèkÎ÷ otokora=ìi˚ inakakÎsài˘
Attention\ Su‚x -poi has second last accent (but unaccented forms or both are
also possible): kodomo ê kodomppòi˚ mizu° ê mizuppòi or mizuppoi°˘

Detached or distinct pronunciation of two or more elements


5.66. „en we wanto to put emphasis, articulate words well, or accentuate
their meaning, each word is uttered separately.
5.66.1. Unaccented first element: toriäa° naku°˚ tooi° yamà˘
5.66.2. Accented first element: hanà saku°˚ mèäa dèru˘
5.66.3. In some cases, too long compounds are separated, because it would be
di‚cult to pronounce them: nèkomo =àkÎ=imo˚ nàikakÎ sooridàiji˙˚ yuda˙° tai-
tekϰ˚ iwanùäa hanà˚ ùoo sàoo˚ kà≠oo fùuäeæÎ˘
5.66.4. For numerals, see the section on compound numerals: nìjuu yojìka˙˚
jùuni˙ tòiro˘

Joining phrases into sentences


5.67. In everyday conversations, instead of articulating each word well, it is nor-
mal to produce phrases and sentences.
5.67.1.1. If the first element is unaccented, and the second element unaccented,
or with middle or final accent, then, the first mora of the second element changes,
becoming non-low (\ middle, rather than ‘high'): toriäa° + naku°ê toriäanaku°÷ tooi°
+ yamà ê tooiyamà˘
5.67.1.2. If the second element has initial accent, it does not change: ho=iäa° +
dèru ê ho=iäadèru÷ hiäa=ino° + sòra ê hiäa=inosòra˘
5.67.2. If the first element has an accent on its last mora, then the second ele-
ment has low pitch: hanà + saku° ê hanàsaku÷ mèäa + dèru ê mèäaderu˘
Note\ For compounds with many morae, there is a tendency to articulate more
accurately, for better results.
76 Japanese Pronunciation “ Accents

5.67.3. Idioms are normally uttered as compounds.


5.67.3.1. With unaccented final elements, the compounds get an accent on the
first mora of the second element; with accented final elements, the compounds get
an accent on the mora preceding the last element; with unaccented initial ele-
ments, the compounds get an accent on its middle part: neäàttari + kanàttari ê
neäattarikanàttari÷ abuha≠Ïtòrazu÷ fuukoomèibi˘
Attention\ „en hì ‘day', ue° ‘up', hÏto° ‘person' are followed by a particle, the re-
sulting compounds tend to have final accent: yasuminohìha˚ æÎkuenouèni˚
=iranaihÏtòäa˘
6.
Symbols used

6.1. <e alphabet, or rather syllabary, order of traditional Japanese writing used
in our source dictionary, \ Shin-Meikai Nihongo Hatsuon Jiten˚ that we maintain
in our transliterated version, is as shown below. It includes xenophones for loan-
words. In addition, let us notice well that Cy- (\ a consonant plus y) stands for any
possible combinations with an allowed following vowel.
Arguably, geminate consonants occupy their natural place after their single coun-
terparts: pp, bb, tt, tts, cch, dd, kk, gg, ss, ssh, hh, ‡ (including hh and cases of CCy).
Of course, the sequence ˙n is not a geminate: (qn).
As for the vowels, sequences of di‡erent elements are certainly possible and fre-
quent, as the diphthongs shown in ˙ 1.4, with di‡erent statuses. Ley us add that
not all such sequences are true diphthons, in the real natural phonetics sense.
In fact, a true diphthong has two vocoids, the second of which cannot have high-
er stress intensity than the first one. So, not all /éé/ sequences necessarily constitute
real diphthongs, since hiatuses are also common, according to their actual prosod-
ic situations in words and phrases, depending on accent and stress (force).
Furthermore, sequences of three (or four, or even five) vocalic elements are also pos-
sible, either in words or phrases. In such cases, true thriphthongs are rather rare, as in
màiasa (çmAiAàsA=), but taia˙° (àtA'iAq+), guài (àgu'Ai+). Of course, sequences of more than
three vocalic elements are polysyllabic, as in uiuishìi (àu‘iu'i9Sii=), haiuèe (àhA‘iuçee=).
<is is the basic traditional Japanese order, including most xenophonemes, add-
ed in brackets (although not displayed the same way in di‡erent dictionaries, and
not all present in our or others' lists). We group them in 7 sets, as ‘illogical' tradi-
tional –non-natural phonic– choices oblige us to do:
1) a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo
2) ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-)
3) sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi)
4) ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu)
5) na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no
6) ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-)
7) ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu,
we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-).
78 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

6.2. Here are the correspondences between basic transliteration graphemes and
canIPA phones (including accent characteristics, for which more was said and shown
in à 3), both in neutral and international Japanese pronunciations. Here, only their
main elements are indicated, including sequences that might lead to false corre-
spondences, especially for loanwords.
<e vowels and diphthongs are better illustrated in à 1-2, including the devoiced
i /i/ (i) i(i) ä /≈/ (≈) i(≈)
ii /ii/ (ii) i(ii) äy /≈j/ (œj) i(œj)
e /e/ (e) i(e) äi /≈i/ (§i) i(œi)
ee /ee/ (ee) i(ee) äe /≈e/ (œe) i(œe)
a /a/ (A) i(a) s /s/ (s) i(s)
aa /aa/ (aa) i(aa) sh /sj/ (Sj) i(ß)
o /o/ (o) i(o) shi /sji/ (Si) i(ßi)
oo /oo/ (oo) i(oo) z /z/ (z, Z) i(z, Z)
u /u/ (u) i(Y) h /h/ (h) i(h)
uu /uu/ (uu) i(YY) hy /hj/ (Hj) i(hj)
hi /hi/ (Hi) i(hi)
m /m/ (m) i(m) fu /fu/ (fu) i(fY)
n /n/ (n) i(n) fi /fi/ (fi) i(fi)
ni /ni/ (˙i) i(Ni) v /Ê/ (b, B, ∫, Ê) i(b, v)
ny /nj/ (˙j) i(N) y /j/ (j) i(j)
˙ /Á/ (q) i(]) (¬ § 1.9) wa /wa/ (wa) i(wa)
p /p/ (p) i(p) wi /wi/ (u'i, wi) i(wi)
py /pj/ (pª) i(pj) we /we/ (u'e, we) i(we)
b /b/ (b) i(b) wo /wo/ (u'o, wo) i(wo)
by /bj/ (bj) i(bj) r /r/ (r, R) i(Í)
t /t/ (t) i(t)
tu /tu/ (tu) i(tY) pp /pp/ (pp:) i(pp)
tsu /tsu/ (Tu) i(Tu) bb /bb/ (bb:) i(bb)
tsi /tsi/ (Ti) i(Ti) tt /tt/ (tt:) i(tt)
ti /ti/ (ti) i(ti) tts /t/ (TT:) i(TT)
ch /tj/ (cª) i(fl) cch /ttj/ (cc:ª) i(flfl)
chi /tji/ (ci) i(fli) dd /dd/ (dd) i(dd)
d /d/ (d) i(d) kk /kk/ (kk:) i(kk)
di /di/ (di) i(di) kky /kkj/ (˜˜:ª) i(˜˜j)
du /du/ (du) i(dY) kki /kki/ (KK:i) i(˜˜i)
j /zj/ (Ωj, Ëj) i(fi, ë) kke /kke/ (˜˜:e) i(˜˜e)
ji /zi/ (Ωi, Ëi) i(fii, ëi) gg /gg/ (gg:) i(gg)
je /zje/ (Ωje, Ëje) i(fii, ëi) ggi /ggi/ (GG:i) i(‡‡i)
z /z/ (z, Z) i(z, Z) gge /gge/ (‡‡:e) i(‡‡e)
k /k/ (k, ˜) i(k, ˜) ss /ss/ (ss:) i(ss)
ky /kj/ (Kj) i(˜j) ssh /ssj/ (SS:j) i(ßß)
ki /ki/ (Ki) i(˜i) hh /hh/ (hh:) i(hh)
ke /ke/ (˜e) i(˜e) ‡ /hh/ (ff:) i(ff)
g /g/ (g, ‡) i(g, ‡)
gy /gj/ (Gj) i(‡j) /˘é/ (öé) i(é)
gi /gi/ (Gi) i(‡i) Z Å (_)+(à =) i(_)+(à =)
ge /ge/ (‡e) i(‡e) ° // (_˘+) i(_˘+)
6. Symbols used 79

neutral taxophones of /i, u/: (Ù, Û). In the explanatory list of about 600 items which
follows, we also show (Ù, Û) occurring in final position, since they are necessarily fol-
lowed by a pause.
However, in the full list of about 60.000 items, taken and transliterated from
Kindaichi “ Akinaga's dictionary, we maintain final /i, u/, i˚ u, as if they were fully
voiced, also when preceded by voiceless consonants. In fact, those authors present-
ed them as such, implying that they actually remain voiced when followed by voiced
consonants or vowels. Of course, it would have been more ‘friendly' –as a useful re-
minder– to imply that devoicing is not realized in voiced contexts, than to have to
apply it in voicelss contexts.

Mini-phono-dictionary as an introduction to transcription from transliteration

(1) ànime ('Aà˙i“me=, _A"˙iàme=)


aikìdoo (9Ai'Kiàdoo=) Abiko° (àA'bi_ko+)
aisÎkòohìi (∞Ai_sÛçkooàHii=, -'koo9Hii=) Abùkuma (àA'buàku“mA=)
ÀichÏ (çAiàcÙ=) Abe° (àA'be+)
AizuwakàmatsÎ (9Ai‘zu_wA'kAàmA“TÛ=) AmaäàsakÏ (“A_mA'≈AàsA“KÙ=, àA‘mA_≈A"sAàKÙ=)
Aiwa°˚ aiwa° (ÇAi_wA+) àmaäi (_A"mAà§i=, 'AàmA“§i=)
Aòmori (àA'oàmo“ri=) Àyabe (_A"jAàbe=, 'AàjA“be=)
Akai°˚ akai° (àA'kAi+) Arai° (àA'rAi+)
ÀkashÏ (_A"kAàSÙ=) Arishima° (àA'ri_Si‘mA+, “A_ri'Si_mA+)
Akàbira (àA'kAàbi“rA=, “A_kA"biàrA=) Àrita ('Aàri“tA=)
akamuràsakÏ÷ -mù- (àA‘kA_mu'rAàsA“KÙ=÷ -"rA- Àrida ('Aàri“dA=)
àsA“KÙ=) Arao° (àA'rAo+)
AkÏshima° (“A_KÙ'Si_mA+, àA'Ki_Si‘mA+) Àwaji (_A"wAàËi=, 'AàwA“Ëi=)
ÀkÏta ('AàKÙ“tA=, _A"KiàtA=) à˙joo (çÄQàËjoo=, 9Ä~"Ëjoo=)
AkÏtàinu° (“A_KÙçtAiànu=, -'tAi_nu+) A˙naka° (ÇÄN_nA‘kA+)
àkÎse˙to (_AàkÛ"s™Æàto=) Ioojima° (ài'oo_Ωi‘mA+, àioo'Ωi_mA+)
AkÎtàäawa (“A_kÛ'tAà≈A“wA=, -_tA"≈AàwA=) Ikeda° (ài'˜e_dA+)
AkìhÏto (àA'KiàHÙ“to=) ikèbana (ài'˜e3bA“nA=, “i_˜e"bAànA=)
Akune° (àA'ku_ne+) ish˜kài (“i_SÙ"kAi=, -çkAi=)
Àkoo (_A"koo=, 'Aàkoo=) IshÏkari° (“i_SÙ'kA_ri+)
Asaka° (àA'sA_kA+) IshÏkawa° (“iSÙ'kA_wA+)
Asahϰ Shì˙bu˙ (àA'sA_HÙ çS¤Màb¨q=) Ishinomakϰ (ài‘Si_no'mA_KÙ+, “i_Si'no_mA‘KÙ+)
AsahÏkawa° (àA‘sA_HÙ'kA_wA+) IshÏhara° (“i_SÙ'hA_rA+)
Asama° (àA'sA_mA+) IsèsakÏ (ài'se3sA“KÙ=, “i_se"sAàKÙ=)
Ashibetsΰ (“A_Si'be_TÛ+) Ìzumi ('i3zu“mi=, _i"zuàmi=)
AshÏkàäa (“A_SÙ'kAà≈A=) Ìse ('i3se=)
Ashiya° (àA'SiA+) ItàäakÏ (ài'tA3≈A“KÙ=, “i_tA"≈AàKÙ=)
azukϰ (àA'zuKÙ+) IchÏkawa° (“i_cÙ'kA_wA+)
Àtami (_A"tAàmi=, 'AàtA“mi=) Ichinòmiya (“i_ci'no3miA=)
Atsuäi° (àA'Tu_§i+) Ichìhara (ài'ci3hA“rA=, “i_cÙ"hAàrA=)
Akkeshϰ (9A˜'˜:e_SÙ+) Itoo° (ài'too+)
Àna˙ (_A"nÄq=, 'AànÄq=) Inoue° (ài'noue+)
80 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

IbàrakÏ (ài'bA3rA“KÙ=) OnòmichÏ (ào'noàmi“cÙ=)


Imàbari (ài'mA3bA“ri=, “i_mA"bAàri=) òbi ('oàbi=)
iroorìäami÷ iroò- (ài‘roo_ri"≈Aàmi=÷ -àri-) Obìhiro° (ào'bi2Hi‘ro+, 3o'bi3Hi“ro)
iròäami (ài'roà≈A“mi=, “i_ro"≈Aàmi=) Òyama ('o3jA“mA=, _o"jAàmA=)
ÌwakÏ ('i3wA“KÙ=, _i"wAàKÙ=) orìzùru° (ào'riàzu“ru=, -_zu“ru=, -_zu‘ru+)
Iwàkuni (ài'wA3ku“~i=, “i_wA"kuà˙i=) orìäami (ào'ri3≈A“mi=, “o_ri"≈Aàmi=)
Iwàkura (ài'wA3ku“rA=, “i_wA"kuàrA=) o˙se˙° (Çøq_s™q+÷ 9øq's™q+)
Ìwate ('i3wA“te=, _i"wAàte=) O˙take° (ÇøÆ9tA‘˜e+)
ukiyoe° (àu'Kio‘e+)
‰ji ('uàËi=) (2)
Utamaro° (àu'tA_mA‘ro+, “u_tA'mA_ro+) kaifΰ (ÇkAi_fÛ+)
Utsunomiya° (“u_Tu'no_miA+) Kàäawa ('kA3≈A“wA=, _kA"≈AàwA=)
‰be ('u3be=) kakèmono (àkA'˜eàmo“no=÷ “kA_˜e"moàno=)
umeboshϰ (àu'me_bo‘SÙ+, “u_me'bo_SÙ+) Kakòäawa (àkA'koà≈A“wA=, “kA_ko"≈AàwA=)
Urawa° (àu'rA_wA+) Kaäoshima° (àkA'≈o_Si‘mA+)
ÈitokÎ (çeiàto“kÛ=) kashìkì˙° (“kA_SÙ"K¤%=, -çK¤%=, -'K¤%+)
ÈsÎtoru (‘eàsÛ"toàru=) Kashiwa° (àkA'Si_wA+)
Èzo ('eàzo=) Kasuäai° (àkA'su_≈Ai+)
eda-mame° (“e_dA'mA_me+) kasureäòe÷ -rè- (àkA'su_re£≈oe=÷ -“≈oe=)
Etorofΰ (àe'to_ro‘fÛ+) katàkàna (àkA'tAàkA“nA=, -_kA“nA=,
Edo° (àe'do+) “kA_tA"kAànA=, -'kA-)
Èhime ('eàHi“me=) katanà (àkA'tA_nA=)
Òoita (çooiàtA=) kachìdok˜° (àkA'ciàdo“KÙ=, -_do‘KÙ=, -_do‘KÙ+,
Òooka (çoooàkA=) “kA_ci"doKÙ=, -'do_KÙ+, -'do_KÙ=)
Ooäakϰ (Çoo_≈A‘KÙ+) katsura° (àkA'Tu_rA+)
Òokyo (çooàKªo=) Kàtoo ('kA3too=, _kA"too=)
Ookuma° (Çoo_ku‘mA+) Kadoma° (àkA'do_mA+)
Oosaka° (Çoo_sA‘kA+) kana° (àkA'nA+)
Òoshima (çooàSi“mA=) Kanàäawa (àkA'nA3≈A“wA=, “kA_nA"≈AàwA=)
Òosumi (çooàsu“mi=) Kanàzawa (àkA'nA3zA“wA=, “kA_nA"zAàwA=)
Oota° (Çoo_tA+) kanoo° (àkA'noo+)
ÒotsÎ (çooàTÛ=) kabukϰ (àkA'bu_KÙ+)
Oohira° (Çoo_Hi‘rA+) Kamakura°˚ k- (àkA'mA_ku‘rA=,
Oomiya° (Çoo_miA+) “kA_mA'ku_rA+)
Oomuta° (Çoo_mu‘tA+) kamiomùtsÎ÷ -miò- (“kA_mio'muàTÛ=÷
Okakura° (ào'kA_ku‘rA+, “o_kA'ku_rA+) -"mu-)
OkàzakÏ (ào'kA3zA“KÙ=, “o_kA"zAàKÙ=) kamìkaze (àkA'mi3kA“ze=, “kA_mi"kAàze=)
Oäasàwara (“o_≈A'sAàwA“rA=, -_sA"wAàrA=) kàza˙ ('kA3zÄq=, _kA"zÄ⁄=)
Okàyama (ào'kA3jA“mA=, “o_kA"jAàmA=) Kamìmura° (àkA'miàmu“rA=, 3kA'mi_mu‘rA+,
Okinawa° (ào'Ki_nA‘wA+, “o_Ki'nA_wA+) “kA_mi"muàrA=, -'mu_rA+)
Òäino ('oà§i“no=) karaoke° (àkA'rAo_˜e+÷ “kA_rA'o_˜e+)
Ozawa° (ào'zA_wA+, ào'zA_wA=) karate° (àkA'rA_te+)
Ozu° (ào'zu+) KarafÎto° (àkA'rA_fÛ‘to+)
otakΰ (ào'tA_kÛ+) Kariya° ('kA3riA=, _kA'riA+)
Òtaru ('oàtA“ru=, _o'tAàru=) Kawaäuchϰ (àkA'wA_≈u‘cÙ+)
Odawara° (ào'dA_wA‘rA+, “o_dA'wA_rA+) Kawaäoe° (àkA'wA_≈oe+, “kA_wA'≈oe+)
Òchiai ('oàci“Ai=, _oàci"Ai=) KawàsakÏ (àkA'wAàsA“KÙ=, “kA_wA"sAàKÙ=)
6. Symbols used 81

Kawabata° (àkA'wA_bA‘tA+, “kA_wA'bA_tA+) kookuurikìäakÎ÷ -rì-


ka˙shàjoo° (9kÄq'SjAàËjoo=, -_Ëjoo+) (9koo‘kuu_ri'Kià≈AàkÛ=÷ -"Ki-)
ka˙pai° (ÇkÄM_pAi+, 9kÄM'pAi+) KòochÏ (çkooàcÙ=)
ka˙yooshòkùbutsÎ Kòobe (çkooàbe=)
(9kÄ%_‘joo_Sjo"kuàbu“TÛ=, -'ku-) Koofΰ (Çkoo2fÛ+)
ka˙too° (ÇkÄÆ_too+) koomorìäàsa (∞koo_mo'rià≈A“sA=, -_≈A-,
KÏkuchϰ (àKÙ'ku_cÙ+) -_ri"≈AàsA=, -'≈AàsA=)
kiäòkoro° (àKi'≈oàko“ro=, -_ko‘ro+, Kooyàsa˙ (Çkoo_jA“sÄq=, ∞koo_jA"sÄq=)
“Ki_≈o"koàro=, -'ko_ro+) Koorìyama (9koo'riàA“mA=, 9koo_ri"AàmA=)
KÏshiwada° (àKÙ'Si_wA‘dA+, “KÙ_Si'wA_dA+) Kòori˙ (çkooàr¤%=)
kÏtà° (àKÙ'tA+, -'tA=) Koäanèi (àko'≈A9nei=, “ko_≈Açnei=)
KÏtakyùushuu (“KÙ_tAçKªuuàSjuu=) Koshìäaya (àko'Sià≈A“jA=, “ko_Si"≈AàjA=)
KÏtàsato (àKÙ'tAàsA“to=, “KÙ_tA"sAàto=) KòjikÏ ('koàËi“KÙ=)
kÏchòomè˙° (àKÙçcªooàm™q=, -'cªoo_m™q=, Kodàira (àkoçdAiàrA=)
-'cªoo_m™q+) kodama° (àko'dA_mA+)
kinuòrìmono (“Ki_nuo"riàmo“no=, -'ri-) Kònoe ('koànoe=, _ko"noe=)
kimono° (àKi'mo_no+) Kobayashi° Ìssa (3ko"bAàjA“Si+ çis3s:A,
Kiyònaäa (àkKi'oànA“≈A=, “Ki_o"nAà≈A=) “koàbA"jAàSi+)
Kiyònobu (àKi'oàno“bu=, “Ki_o"noàbu=) Komatsΰ (àko'mA_TÛ+)
kìra-kira-to ('KiàrA“KiàrA“to=, ‘KiàrA"KiàrA“to=) Kòmura ('koàmu“rA=, _ko"muàrA=)
kira-kira-ni° ("Ki_rA‘Ki_rA‘˙i+, “Ki_rA'Ki_rA‘˙i+) kò˙bu (çkøMàbu=)
Kìryuu ('Ki3rjuu=, _Ki"rjuu=)
Kyùushuu (çKªuuàSjuu=) (3)
kyuushò° (ÇKªuu_Sjo=, -_Sjo+) Sàitama° (çsAi9tA“mA=, ÇsAi_tA‘mA+)
Kyòoto (çKªooàto=) Sàichoo (çsAi3cªoo=)
KÎsakabe° (àkÛ'sA_kA‘be+, “kÛ_sA'kA_be+) Saito° (ÇsAi_to)
KÎshìro (àkÛ'Siàro=) saiba˙shò° (9sAi'bÄq_Sjo=, -Sjo+)
kubinèkkò° (“ku_biçnekàk:o=, -'nek_k:o=, Sàkai ('sA3kAi=, _sA"kAi=)
-'nek_k:o+) Sakakura° (àsA'kA_ku‘rA+, “sA_kA'ku_rA+)
Kubozono° (àku'bo_zo‘no+, “ku_bo'zo_no+) Sàkata ('sA3kA“tA=)
Kumàäaya (àku'mAà≈A“jA=, “ku_mA"≈AàjA=) Sàäa ('sA3≈A=)
Kumamoto° (àku'mA_mo‘to+, Saäamìhara (“sA_≈A'miàhA“rA=,
“ku_mA'mo_to+) 3sA'≈A_mi“hAàrA=)
KuràshÏkÏ (àku'rAàSÙ‘KÙ=) sake° (àsA'˜e+)
kurisumasÎtsùrìi sashimì (àsA'Si_mi=)
(àku‘ri_su'mA_sÛ_Tu“rii=, -£rii=) Sasebo° (àsA'se_bo+)
kure° (àku're+) Sàtsuma ('sAàTu“mA=, _sA"TuàmA=)
KùrokÏ ('kuàro“KÙ=, _ku"roàKÙ=) Sàtoo ('sA3too=, _sA"too=)
Kurosawa° (àku'ro_sA‘wA+, “ku_ro'sA_wA+) Sapporo° (9sAp'p:o_ro+)
Kuroshio° (àku'ro_Sio+) Sàdo ('sA3do=)
Kùwana ('kuàwA“nA=, _ku"wAànA=) samurai° (àsA'mu_rAi+)
keisatsÎshò° (9˜ei'sA_TÛ‘Sjo=, -‘Sjo+) sayonàra˚ sayoo-÷ -rà° (àsA'jo4o7_nA“rA=÷ -‘rA=÷
Keihi˙° (ǘei_H¤q+, 9˜ei'H¤q+) -‘rA+)
ke˙kyùusha˚ K- (9˜™ùçKˆuuàSjA=) sa˙kooshò° (9sÄ⁄'koo_Sjo=, -Sjo+)
kè˙doo (瘙Æàdoo=) Sà˙rakÎ (çsÄNàRA“kÛ=)
Koìzumi (àko'iàzu“mi=, 9koi"zuàmi=) Sa˙yoo° (ÇsÄ%_joo+)
kooetsΰ (Çkooe_TÛ+, 9koo'e_TÛ+) shiatsΰ (àSi'A_TÛ+)
82 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shìitake (çSiiàtA“˜e=) Sootatsΰ (çsooàtA“TÛ=, 9soo"tAàTÛ=)


shiodokì° (àSi'o_do‘KÙ+, -‘KÙ=) sodokΰ (àso'do_kÛ+)
Shìäa ('Si3≈A=) Sònii ‘Sony' ('so3˙ii=, 2so"˙ii=)
ShiäèmitsÎ (àSi'œeàmi“TÛ=) sòba ('soàbA=)
ShÏkòkÎ (àSÙ'koàkÛ=) soràmimi° (àso'rAàmi“mi=, -_mi‘mi+)
Shizùoka (àSiçzuo3kA=, “Si_zu"oàkA=)
shiba° (àSi'bA+) (4)
Shimazakϰ (àSi'mA_zA‘KÙ+, “Si_mA'zA_KÙ+) taiò˙kei° (9tAiçø⁄àkei=, -'ø⁄_kei+)
Shìmane ('Si3mA“ne=, _Si"mAàne=) Takàoka (àtAçkAo3kA=÷ “tA_kA"oàkA=)
Shìmizu ('Si3mi“zu=) Takasakϰ (àtA'kA_sA‘KÙ+, “tA_kA'sA_KÙ+)
ShimonòsekÏ (“Si_mo_no"seàKÙ=, -'noàse“KÙ=) Takata° (àtA'kA_tA+)
shamise˙° (àSjA'mi_s™q+) TakàtsÎkÏ (àtA'kA3TÛ“KÙ=)
ShàrakÎ ('SjAàrA“kÛ=, _SjA"rAàkÛ=) Takànobu (àtA'kA3no“bu=, “tA_kA"noàbu=)
shooäè˙° (9Sjoo眙q=, -'œ™q+) TakàmatsÎ (àtA'kA3mA“TÛ=, “tA_kA"mAàTÛ=)
shooäu˙° (ÇSjoo_≈¨q+) Takaràzuka (“tA_kA'rAàzu“kA=÷
shirohachìmakÏ÷ -hà- (“Si_ro_hA'ciàmA“KÙ=, àtA‘kA_rA"zuàkA=)
-‘hA_ci"mAàKÙ=÷ -"ci-) Takìkawa (àtA'Ki3kA“wA=, “tA_KÙ"kAàwA=)
shirofÎkùroo÷ -fı- (“Si_ro_fÛ'kuàroo=÷ Takizawa° Baki˙° (àtA'Ki_zA‘wA _bA'K¤%=,
-"ku-) “tA_Ki'zA_wA)
Shi˙ichϰ (ÇS¤%_i‘cÙ+) Dàzai ('dAàzAi=, _dA"zAi=)
shi˙jitsùmì° (∞S¤~_Ëi'Tuàmi=, -_mi=, -_mi+) dashì (àdA'Si=)
shì˙too (çS¤Æàtoo=) dashijìru° (“dA_Si'Ëiàru=, -_ru+)
shì˙bu˙ (çS¤Màb¨q=) Tajimi° (àtA'Ëi_mi+)
Suita° (àsu'i_tA+) tatami° (àtA'tA_mi+)
suijoosıkìi (9sui'Ëjoo_sÛ£Kii=, -àsÛ“Kii=) TachÏkàwa (“tA_cÙ'kAàwA=)
suihèise˙° (9sui'hei_s™q+, -çheiàs™q=) Tanaka° (àtA'nA_kA+)
suudokΰ (9suu'do_kÛ+) Tàmano ('tA3mA“no=, _tA"mAàno=)
sùshì (àsu'Si=, 'suàSÙ=) Tawarà (àtA'wA_rA=)
Suzuka° (àsu'zu_kA+) Tà˙äe (çtÄ⁄àœe=)
Suzukϰ (àsu'zu_KÙ+) Chìba ('ciàbA=)
sÎtòresÎ (“sÛ_to"re“sÛ=) ChÏkàmatsÎ (àcÙ'kAàmA“TÛ=,
sumoo° (àsu'moo+) “cÙ_kA"mAàTÛ=)
surimì (àsu'ri_mi=) ChÏkàmatsu Mo˙zàemo˙ (àcÙ'kAàmA“Tu
Seika˙° (Çsei_kÄq+) 9møÆçZAeàmøq=)
Seikoo° (Çsei_koo+) ChiäàsakÏ (àci'≈AàsA“KÙ=, “ci_≈A"sAàKÙ=)
SèkÏ ('seàKÙ=) ChÏtose° (àcÙ'to_se+)
sek˜hà˙° (“se_KÙ'hÄq+, -çhÄq=, -"hÄ⁄=) chòobatsΰ (çcªooàbA“TÛ=, Çcªoo_bA‘TÛ+)
Sèsshuu (çseSàSjuu=) Choofΰ (Çcˆoo_fÛ+)
Sèssho˙ (çseSàS:jøq=) Chooshϰ (Çcªoo_SÙ+)
seppÎkΰ (çsepàp:ÛàkÛ=) ChùuäokÎ (çcˆuuà≈o“kÛ=)
Sèto ('seàto=) Tsù ('Tu=)
se˙sèi (9s™qçsei=÷ Çs™q9sei=) Tsıshima ('TuàSi“mA=, _TÛ"SiàmA=)
Sè˙dai (çs™ÆàdAi=, 9s™Æ"dAi=) tsunami° (àTu'nA_mi+)
se˙pai° (Çs™M_pAi+, 9s™M'pAi+) TsubòuchÏ (àTuçbouàcÙ=)
zenèsÎto° (àZe'neàsÛ“to=, -_sÛ‘to+) Tsurùoka (àTuçruoàkA=, “Tu_ru"oàkA=)
zè˙° (çZ™q=, ÇZ™q+) Tsùruäa ('Tuàru“≈A=, _Tu"ruà≈A=)
zoori° (ÇZoo_ri+) teamikÎtsùshÏta÷ -kı-
6. Symbols used 83

(àte‘A_mi_kÛ'TuàSÙ“tA=÷ -"Tu-) niamìsu° (9˙iA'miàsÛ=, -_sÛ+)


teriyakϰ (“te_ri'A_KÙ+, àte'riA_KÙ+) Niiäata° (Ç˙ii_≈A‘tA+÷ 9˙ii'≈A_tA+)
de˙doohabùrashÏ÷ -hà- Niihama° (Ç˙ii_hA‘mA+, 9˙ii'hA_mA+)
(∞d™Æ_doo‘hA_bu"rAàSÙ=÷ -àbu-) nizàkana° (à˙i'zAàkA“nA=, -_kA‘nA+,
de˙shòbàto (9d™q'SjoàbA“to=, -_bA-) “˙i_zA"kAànA=, -'kA_nA+)
te˙nòo (9t™Nçnoo=, Çt™N9noo=) nishÏkìhèbi (“˙i_SÙ_KÙ'heàbi=, -"he-,
te˙pura° (Çt™M_pu‘rA+) -Ki_he“bi, -'Kiàhe“bi=)
Tookai° (Çtoo_kAi+) Nishinomiya° (“˙i_Si'no_miA+)
Tookàidoo (9tooçkAiàdoo=) Nìchìre˙ (à˙i'ci3r™q,= '˙i3ci“r™q=)
Tookyoo° (Çtoo_Kªoo+) Nìkkoo (ç˙ikàk:oo=)
Tooäoo° (Çtoo_≈oo+) Nippò˙ (9˙ipçp:øq=)
Tooshiba° (Çtoo_Si‘bA+) nite˙° (à˙i't™q+)
Toojoo° (Çtoo_Ëjoo+) Nihò˙ (à˙içhøq=)
dòojoo (çdooàËjoo=) nihò˙jì˙ (à˙içhø~àˤ%= -'hø~9ˤ%=)
dòozo (çdooàzo=) nyuudòoäùmo (9˙juu'doà≈u“mo=, -_≈u-)
doozoo° (Çdoo_zoo+) niwakààme (“˙i_wAçkaaàme=, -_kA'A-)
toone° (Çtoo_ne+) nì˙ja (çn¤~àËjA=)
toofù (Çtoo_fÛ=) nì˙jutsÎ (çn¤~àËju“TÛ=)
Tokuäawa° (“to_ku'≈A_wA+) Nùmazu ('nuàmA“zu=÷ _nu"mAàzu=)
Tokushìma (àto'ku_Si“mA= “to_kÛ'SiàmA=) Nèmuro ('neàmu“ro=, _ne"muàro=)
Tokùyama (àto'ku3jA“mA=, “to_ku"jAàmA=) Neyaäawa° (àne'jA_≈A‘wA+, “ne_jA'≈A_wA+)
Tokorozawa° (àto‘ko_ro'zA_wA+) nerihamìäakÏ÷ -hà- (àne‘ri_hA'mià≈A“KÙ=,
Tòchiäi ('toàci“§i=) -_mi"≈AàKÙ=÷ -"mià≈A“KÙ=, -àmi"≈AàKÙ=)
Tottori° (9tot't:o_ri+) newaza° (9ne'wA_zA+)
Tomakòmai (àto'mA_ko“mAi=, nòo (çnoo=)
àto‘mA_ko"mAi=) Nòäi ('noà§i=)
Tòyama ('toàjA“mA=, _to"jAàmA=) NòguchÏ ('noà≈u“cÙ=)
Toyòkuni (àto'joàku“˙i=) Nobèoka (ànoçbeoàkA= “no_be"oàkA=)
Tòyota ('to3jo“tA=, _to"joàtA=) norì (àno'ri=)
Toyonaka° (àto'jo_nA‘kA+, “to_jo'nA_kA+)
Toyònobu (àto'joàno“bu=, “to_jo"noàbu=) (6)
ToyòhashÏ (àto'joàhA“SÙ=, “to_jo"hAàSÙ=) hàikù° (ÇhAi_kÛ+, -_kÛ=, çhAiàkÛ=)
hàäi ('hA3§i=)
(5) Baki˙° (àbA'K¤%+)
Naoetsΰ (ànA'oe_TÛ+÷ ànAo'e_TÛ+) Hakodate° (àhA'ko_dA‘te+, “hA_ko'dA_te+)
Nàäai ('nA3≈Ai=, _nA"≈Ai=) Hakone° (àhA'ko_ne+)
Naäàoka (ànAç≈AoàkA=÷ “nA_≈A"oàkA=) Bashoo° (àbA'Sjoo+)
NaäàsakÏ (ànA'≈A3sA“KÙ=÷ “nA_≈A"sAàKÙ=) Hàta ('hA3tA=)
Naäashiäe (ànA'≈A_Si‘œe+÷ “nA_≈A'Si_œe+) hatari° (àhA'tA_ri+)
Nakasone° (ànA'kA_so‘ne+, “nA_kA'so_ne+) Hachioojì (àhAÇcioo_Ëi=, “hA_ci'oo_Ëi=)
nakaniwà° (ànA'kA_˙i‘wA=, -‘wA+) Hachinohe° (àhA'ci_no‘he+,
Nàäano ('nA3≈A“no=÷ _nA"≈Aàno=) “hA_ci'no_he+)
Nàäoya ('nA3≈o“jA=, _nA"≈oàjA=) hatòmùäi° (àhA'toàmu“§i=, -_mu“§i=,
Nàha ('nA3hA=) -_mu‘§i+, “hA_to"muà§i=, -'muà§i=,
Nàra ('nA3rA=) -'mu_§i+)
Narashino° (ànA'rA_Si‘no+) Hatoyama° (àhA'to_jA‘mA+, “hA_to'jA_mA+)
Naruäo° (ànA'ru_≈o+) HanàmakÏ (àhA'nA3mA“KÙ=, "hA_nA"mAàKÙ=)
84 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

Hàmada ('hA3mA“dA=, _hA"mAàdA=) FÎchùu (àfÛçcªuu=)


HamàmatsÎ (àhA'mA3mA“TÛ=, Fùji ('fuàËi=)
“hA_mA"mAàTÛ=) Fujieda° (“fu_Ëi'e_dA+)
Hayashϰ (àhA'jA_SÙ+) Fujinomiya° (“fu_Ëi'no_miA+)
hayabùroo÷ -ròo (“hA_jA'buàroo=÷ -9roo=) Fùjisa˙ ('fuàËi“sÄq=)
harakirì (àhA'rA_Ki‘ri=, “hA_rA'Ki_ri=) Fujisawa° (“fu_Ëi'sA_wA+÷
Harùnobu (àhA'ruàno“bu=n àfu'Ëi_sA‘wA+)
“hA_ru"noàbu=) Fujìtsuu (àfu'ËiàTuu=)
Ha˙da° (ÇhÄÆ_dA+) Fujiwara° (“fu_Ëi'wA_rA+÷ àfu'Ëi_wA‘rA+)
ba˙zài! (9bÄÆçZAi=, ÇbÄÆ9ZAi=) Fujiyama° (“fu_Ëi'A_mA+)
Hiäashiòosaka (àHi‘≈A_SiçooàsA“kA=) Fujiyoshida° (“fu_Ëi'o_Si‘dA+)
Hiäashimuràyama (àHi‘≈A_Si_mu'rA3jA“mA=, FÎkui° (àfÛ'kui+)
-‘mu_rA"jAàmA=) FÎkùoka (àfÛçkuoàkA=)
HìäuchÏ (_Hi"≈uàcÙ=, 'Hià≈u“cÙ=) FÎkùshima (àfÛ'kuàSi“mA=)
HìtàchÏ (àHÙ'tA3cÙ=, 'Hi3tA“cÙ=, _Hi"tAàcÙ=) FÎkùyama (àfÛ'kuàjA“mA=,
hidariùchìwa (àHi‘dA_ri'uàci“wA=, -_ci-) “fÛ_ku"jAàmA=)
HÏtomaro° (àHÙ'to_mA‘ro=, “HÙ_to'mA_ro+) FÎkuzawa° (“fÛ_ku'zA‘wA+)
Hino° (àHi'no+) FunàbashÏ (àfu'nAàbA“SÙ=)
Bìbai ('biàbAi=, _bi"bAi=) fura-fura-ni° ("fu_rA‘fu_rA‘˙i+)
Bìsai ('biàsAi=, _bi"sAi=) fùra-fura-to ('fuàrA“fuàrA“to=)
Himeji° (àHi'me_Ëi+) fura˙sùpa˙° (àfu‘rÄq_sÛ'pÄq+, -"pÄq=)
Hyòoäo (çHjooà≈o=) fÎto˙° (àfÛ'tøq+)
Hirakata° (àHi'rA_kA‘tA+, “Hi_rA'kA_tA+) geisha° (LJei_SjA+)
hiràäànà (àHi'rAà≈A“nA=, -_≈A“nA=, -_≈A‘nA=) Gifu° (àGi'fu+)
Hirado° (àHi'rA_do+) gocha-gocha-ni° ("go_cªA‘gocA‘˙i+)
HiratsÎka° (àHi'rA_TÛ‘kA+) gòcha-gocha-to ('goàcªA“goàcªA“to=)
Hiranuma° (àHi'rA_nu‘mA+, “Hi_rA'nu_mA+) Gù˙ma (çg¨Màm:A=)
HiròsakÏ (àHi'ro3sA“KÙ=, “Hi_ro"sAàKÙ=) gusai° (àgu'sAi+)
Hiròshiäe (àHi'roàSi“≈e=) Gyooda° (çGjoo3dA=)
Hiroshima° (àHi'ro_Si‘mA+) gyuu-gyuu-ni° (9Gjuu'Gjuu‘˙i+)
Hìrota ('Hi3ro“tA=, _Hi"roàtA=) gyùu-gyuu-to (9Gjuu"Gjuu“to=)
HiròhÏto (àHi'roàHÙ“to=) ji˙koo° (Çˤ≈2koo+)
Heian° (ÇheiÄq+, 9hei'Aq+) ji˙rikìsha (9ˤN'Ri_Ki“SjA=)
besÎtòtè˙ (“be_sÛ'toàt™q=, -9t™q=) jooruri° (ÇËjoo_ru‘ri+)
bèta-beta-to ('beàtA“beàtA“to=) jùudoo (çËjuuàdoo=)
beta-beta-ni° ("be_tA‘be_tA‘˙i+) juujitsΰ (ÇËjuu_Ëi‘TÛ+)
Beppΰ (9bep'p:u+) juujutsΰ (ÇËjuu_Ëju‘TÛ+)
he˙tai° (Çh™Æ_tAi+, 9h™Æ'tAi+) Pokemo˙° (àpo'˜e_møq+, “po_˜e'møq+)
be˙tòo (9b™Æçtoo=, Çb™Æ9too=) pòtèto (_po"teàto=, àpo'teàto=)
hooitsΰ (Çhooi_TÛ+)
HòkÎsai ('hoàkÛ“sAi=, _hoàkÛ"sAi=) (7)
Hokkàidoo (9hokçk:Ai3doo=) MàinichÏ Shi˙bu˙° (çmAi3˙i3cÙ "S¤Màb¨q=)
Hò˙shuu (çhøQàSjuu=) (in spite of Shì˙bu˙ (çS¤Màb¨q=))
Ho˙da° (ÇhøÆ2dA+) Màizuru (çmAi3zu“ru=)
Hò˙do (çhøÆ3do=) MàebashÏ (çmAe3bA“SÙ=, 9mae"bAàSÙ=)
boofΰ (Çboo_fÛ+) Masànobu (àmA'sA3no“bu=, “mA_sA"noàbu=)
bo˙sai° (ÇbøÆ_sAi+, 9bøÆ'sAi+) mataìtòko (àmA'tAi_to“ko=, -çtAiàto-)
6. Symbols used 85

Machida° (àmA'ci_dA+) Motònobu (àmo'toàno“bu=,


Matsui° (àmA'Tui+) “mo_to"noàbu=)
Matsue° (àmA'Tue+) Mori° (àmo'ri+)
Matsùoka (àmAçTuoàkA=) Morìoka (àmoçrioàkA=÷ “mo_ri"oàkA=)
MatsÎkàta (“mA_TÛ'kAàtA=) MorìäuchÏ (àmo'rià≈u“cÙ=, “mo_ri"≈uàcÙ=)
Matsùsaka (àmA'TÛàsA‘kA=, “mA_Tu"sAàkA=) Morònobu (àmo'roàno“bu=,
Matsush˜ta (àmA'TÛ_SÙ“tA=) “mo_ro"noàbu=)
màtsÎtake (‘mAàTÛ"tAà˜e=) Moròra˙ (àmo'roàrÄq=)
Matsudo° (àmA'Tu_do+) Yaesΰ (ÇjAe_sÛ+)
Matsùbara (àmA'TuàbA“rA=, “mA_Tu"bAàrA=) Yaò (àjA'o=)
Matsumoto° (àmA'Tu_mo‘to+, yakatabùne÷ -tà- (àjA‘kA_tA'buàne=÷ -"bu-)
“mA_Tu'mo_to+) yàkuza ('jAàku“zA=)
Matsùyama (àmA'TuàjA“mA=, Yatsùshiro (àjA'Tu3Si“ro=, “jA_TÛ"Siàro=)
“mA_Tu"jAàmA=) Yahata° (àjA'hA_tA+)
mawarìmichϰ (“mA_wA'riàmi“cÙ= -_mi‘cÙ+) Yamàäata (àjA'mAà≈A“tA=)
ma˙äa° (ÇmÄ⁄_≈A+) YamàäuchÏ (àjA'mAà≈u“cÙ=)
Ma˙yòoshuu (9mÄ%çjooàSjuu=) Yàmato ('jA3mA“to=)
Mìe (çmie=) YamànashÏ (àjA'mA3nA“SÙ=)
mikado° (àmi'kA_do+) Yamaha° (àjA'mA_hA+)
MìkÏ ('mi3KÙ=) Yamamoto° (àjA'mA_mo‘to+÷ “jA_mA'mo_to+)
Mikìmoto (àmi'Kiàmo“to=÷ “mi_Ki"moàto=) Yawata° (àjA'wA_tA+)
mizubanà° (àmi'zu_bA‘nA=, -‘nA+, Yùkawa ('ju3kA“wA=, _ju"kAàWA=)
“mi_zu'bA_nA=, -_nA+) yudetàmàäo (àju‘de_tA'mAà≈o=, -"mA-)
mìso ('miàso=) yu˙yuukudàmono÷ -kù-
MizòäuchÏ (àmi'zoà≈u“cÙ=÷ “mi_zo"≈uàcÙ=) (9j¨%‘juu_ku'dAàmo“no=÷ -"dA-)
Mitaka° (àmi'tA_kA+) YokosÎka° (àjo'ko_sÛ‘kA+)
Michìnaäa (àmi'ci3nA“≈A=, “mi_ci"nAà≈A=) Yokohama° (àjo'ko_hA‘mA+, “jo_ko'hA_mA+)
Mìtsui ('mi3Tui= _mi"Tui=) Yòsa ('jo3sA=)
Mitsùnaäa (àmi'TuànA“≈A=, “mi_Tu"nAà≈A=) Yosano° (àjo'sA_no+)
MitsùbishÏ (àmi'Tuàbi“SÙ=, “mi_Tu"biàSÙ=) YoshìhÏto (àjo'SiàHÙ“to=)
Mito° (àmi'to+) YokkàichÏ (9jokçk:AiàcÙ=)
Minamoto° (àmi'nA_mo‘to+, “mi_nA'mo_to+) Yonaäo° (àjo'nA_≈o+)
Mihara° (àmi'hA_rA+) Yonèzawa (àjo'ne3zA“wA=, “jo_ne"zAàwA=)
Mìyaäi (çmiAà§i=, _mi"Aà§i=) Yomiuri° Shì˙bu˙, (“jo_mi'u_ri çS¤Màb¨q=)
Miyake° (àmi'Aà˜e+) yorokòbì° (àjo'ro_ko“bi=, -_ko‘bi=, -_ko‘bi+)
Miyakonòjoo (∞miA_ko'noàËjoo=, ràame˙ (çRaaàm™q=)
9miA'ko_no“Ëjo+) Rashòomo˙ (àrAçSjooàmøq=)
MiyàzakÏ (àmi'A3zA“KÙ=, “miA"zAàKÙ+) rìro˙° (_ri"røq=, àri'røq+)
Musashino° (àmu'sA_Si‘no+, “mu_rA'Si_no+) riro˙tetsùäakÎ÷ -tè- (àri‘røÆ_te'Tuà≈AàkÛ=÷
MutsùhÏto (àmu'TuàHÙ“to=) -"Tu-)
MuràsakÏ (àmu'rAàsA“KÙ=, “mu_rA"sAàKÙ=) Rùmoi ('ruàmoi=, _ru"moi=)
Muròra˙ (àmu'roàrÄq=) ru˙-ru˙-ni (ÇR¨N_R¨~‘˙i+)
meishò° (Çmei_Sjo=, -_Sjo+) rù˙-ru˙-to (çR¨NàR¨Æ“to=)
Mòkua˙ ('moàkuÄq=, _mo"kuÄq=) remò˙tìi (àreçmøÆàtii=, àre'møÆ9tii=)
moäusa° (àmo'≈u_sA+) Ryuukyùu (9rjuuçKªuu=)
mòji ('moàËi=) Ryòju˙ ('rjoàΩj¨q=)
Motòori (àmoçtooàri=) waidòshòo (9wAi'doàSjoo=, ∞wAi_doçSjoo=)
86 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

WakàmatsÎ (àwA'kAàmA“TÛ=, waraiäòe° (àwA'rAi9≈oe=, -_≈oe+)


“wA_kA"mAàTÛ=) waribàshϰ (“wA_ri'bAàSÙ=, -SÙ+)
wàkàme (àwA'kAàme=, _wA"kAàme=) warujiè° (àwA'ru_Ωie+, -_Ωie=)
Wakàyama (àwA'kAàjA“mA=, “wA_kA"jAàmA=) wa˙pakumonò° (∞wÄM_pA'ku_mo‘no+,
wàsabi (_wA"sAàbi=) -‘no=)
Wakkànai (9wAk'k:A3nAi=)
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo

aa° aikawarazu° aishàdoo aisowàrai Àinu


àa aika˙° aishuu° aiso˙° Ainùji˙
àakàibu aiäa˙° aishoo° aida° ainezu°: ainèzu-
aakÎtoo° àiki aishòo àitai° mi
àakèedo aiäì° aijoo° aitaizukù° ainoko°
àasu aikìdoo aishòoka àitaisuru, ài ainokobè˙too
àachi aikyaku° aijìrushi taisùru àinosu
àacherii aikyùu aiji˙° aidaäara° ainòte
àatìsuto aikyòo àisu aidaäui° ainori°
àato aikyòoäe˙ Àizu° aitashùäi àiba
aatòshi aikyòoshi˙ àizu aidama° aiha˙°
aatofuràwaa aikyoomonò° aisÎkyà˙dee Àichi aiba˙°
àamu° aikÎchì° aisÎkurìimu Aich˜ke˙ aibà˙ku
àamè˙° aikurushìi aisÎkòohìi aichaku° aijaku° àibii
àamò˙do aike˙° aisusÎkèeto aichoo° aibiki°
ài aikò° aizuchì° aichooshùuka˙ aibyoo°
aiài° àiko Aisubàa˙ aitsu° aitsùra aifu°
aiaiäàsa àiäo aisubòkkÎsu àitsuäu àibu
àia˙° aikoo° aisÎhòkkee aitè oaite° aifÎku°
aiiku° aikòosha ài sumànu, àidìa aifuda°
àiirenai, ài ire- aikòoshi˙ aisumànu aitìi aibetsu°
nai° aikoku° Aizuyàichi, aitekata° aibetsurìku
aiiro° aikòkısha Aizu° Yàichi aitèkoku aibeya°
aii˙° aikòkıshi˙ Aisurà˙do aideshi° aibe˙°
aiùeo aikòtoba aisùru aiteshìdai àibo
aiueoju˙° aiäoma° Aizuwakàmatsu aitedòru aibòo°
aiuchi° àiko˙ aiseki° àitemu aiboshi°
àiutsu, ài ùtsu aisai° aisetsu° aiteyaku° àiborii
aièichi, -cchi aisaika° aise˙° aitoo° aimà°
aiemuèfu àisatsu Àize˙ aidoku° aimai°
aieruòo aishi° àiso aidòkısha aimaiya°
aie˙ka° àishi aisò, aisòo: aisò- àitomoni àimatte, ài
aie˙kìe˙ àiji mo kòsomo àidoru màtte
aioi° aishìi aizoo° ài nakàbasuru àimitaäai
aìkaäi° aishiikàado aisoku° ainame° àimokawaranu,
aikatà° aisha° aisozùkashi àinaru àimo kawara-
aiäamo° aichaku°, aija- aisotòopu ainiku° nu°
88 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

aimochi° aòitori aotaäai° akà akasabi°


aiyaku° aoimàtsuri aòdake° akaàka akazara°
aiyàdo° aoiro° aodakeiro° akaaza° akasà˙äo
aiyoo° aoiroshì˙koku aodàtami akaari° akashi°
aiyòosha aoùnàbara aodachi° akai°: akàkatta, Àkashi
aiyoku° aòume°, aò˙me° aotabàibai akaku°, akàkÎ- akaji°
aiyotsu° aoè˙doo aòppana° te, akàkereba, akashia°, -iya°
airài˙ aooni° aotè˙joo akàshÏ akashio°
airashìi aòäai° aodè˙wa akaièka akajizàisei, -ee
àirisu aoäàeru aodòoshi˙ Akaishi° akashÏchìjimi
Airurà˙do aokabi° aona° akaishìdake akajimìru
àiro aoäari° aonìsai akainu° akashì˙äoo
àironii aoki° aonoke° akaihane° akashì˙bu˙
airo˙° AokÏkò˙yoo, aònori akairo° akasu° to pass,
airò˙kake Aokϰ Kò˙yoo àoba akaìwashi to spend
àiwa° aoäìnako aòbae° akàei akàsu° to reveal,
Ai˙shÎtài˙ aoäimìru aòbana° akaèboshi to disclose, to
àu: awànai, aòo, aòäiri° aobìkari° akaoni° prove, to verify
aimàsu, àtte, aòäu: aoäànai, aohyoo° akàäai akàsu to use
àeba, àe aoäòo, aoäimà- aobyòota˙ akaäàeru lavishly (and
Aushubìttsu su, aòide, aòäe- aobùkure° akàäashi° without re-
àuto ba, aòäe aobusa° akaäane° gret)
autosàidaa aokÎsa° aobòozu akaäaneiro° akazu° unopened
autosàido aokÎsài aomame° akakabu° akàzu insatiable
autoshùuto aokubidàiko˙ aomì akaäami° akazùki˙
autodòa aoäuròi° aomìdori akaäawa° akasùri°
autobàa˙ aoäe° aomìdoro akaäàwara akase˙°
autopùtto aokò° aòmu àkaäi: Akaäì- akadàiko˙
autorài˙ aoäoke° aomuki° sa˙, Akagiya- akadashi°
àu˙° aosa° aomùku° ma° akadamàtsÎchi
aegì àosa aomuke° àäakì akachakèru,
aèäu aozàkana aomukèru° akaäire° akaccha-
àete aozàmurai aòmushi aäàku àkacha˙
aènài aozamèru aòmono akaäutsu° akachòochi˙,
aènaku aoji° aomonòichi akaäuròi° akajòo-
aèmòno aojiso° aomonoìchiba akaäe° akachi˙°
aèru aojàshi˙ aomònòya akaäètto akatsÎki°
àe˙° aojiru° Aòmori akaäo aäattàrì
ào aojiròi° Aomorìke˙ akakòonoo akatsÎchi°
aoào aoshì˙äoo Aomorìshi akasa° akàdèmii
aoaza° aosuji° aoyaki° akaza° akademìishoo
aoàrashi aosùdare aoyaäi Akàsaka akademìzumu
aoi° aozòra Aòyama AkasakamìtsÎke akademìkku
aòi: àokatta, ào- aozoraìchiba aorì Akasakarìkyuu akate˙°
ku, àokÎte, ào- aota° aoritatèru° Àgasa KurìsÎtii, akade˙°: aka-
kereba, àoshÏ aodàishoo aòru AgasakurìsÎtii dè˙sha
aoikÏtòiki aotauri° àka akazàtoo akadè˙wa
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 89

akatò˙bo nàäari, shoo- akiäara° akimise° àkujo


aäanài baiàäari akÏka˙° akimèku akÎshòo°
aäanàu aäarìori akìkÎsa° akimèkura akujòoke˙
akanàsu° aäariäàmachi akiäùchi akìmono° akÎshoäàyoi
akanukè° agarikòmu akiäùruma akiya° àkÎsho˙
akanukèru aäarìsàäari ÀkÏko akiyàsumi akÎshì˙°
akane° akarisaki° akìäo° Akìyama° akÎsei°, -ee°
akaneiro° akarishòoji akÏsaku° àäyoo akuzei°, -ee°
akaneko° aäarìdaka° akÏsame° Àkira akÎseishùyoo, -ee-
akanezome° aäarida˙° akÏsamezè˙se˙ akìraka àkÎseku
Aäanòäawa akarìtori akijìka˙ akiràme° àkÎsèsarii, -ri
akanogòha˙ aäariba° akishÏtsu° akiramèru àkÎsèsu
àkanotani˙, aäarihana° akÏshòo akìru: akìnai, àkÎseru
àkano tani˙° aäaribana° akÏsu° akiyòo, akimà- akÎsè˙°
akanomà˙ma akarimàdo akÏsunèrai su, àkÏte, akì- akÎsè˙de˙
akahaji°, akap- aäarime° akizòra reba, akìro àkÎse˙to
paji° aäarimono° ÀkÏta akirekàeru akÎsòo°
akahata° aäarìyu° akÏtàinu°: akirèsıke˙ àkÎta°
akahada° aäaru°: aäara- akÏtake˙° akirehatèru akÎtài
akahàdaka nai°, aäaròo, AkÏtàke˙ akireru° akÎtaäawàshoo
akabana°, -hana°, aäarimàsu, AkÏtàshi akì˙do AkÎtàäawar-
akappana° aäatte°, aäarè- akÏtàsuäi aku°: akanai°, yuunosÎke,
Akabane° ba, aäarè akidana° akòo, akimàsu, AkÎtàäawa
akahara° akarui°: akarù- akÏtarinài° aite°, akèba, RyuunosÎke°
akabìkari katta, akaru- akidaru° akè akudama°
akahiäe° ku°, akÏchi° àku° akÎtare°
akabusa° akarùkÎte, akÏtsùshima akuàrai akÎtarekozòo
akafuda° akarùkereba, akÏppòi° akuarài˙ akÎtàroo
akapera° akarùshÏ akìnài akuarà˙äu akÎtè˙koo
akaboo° akarumi° akinaimonò° àkui akudòi
akaho˙° akarè˙äa akinàu akuu˙° akÎtoo°
akamàishi akawài˙ akinàsu° akuèekyoo, -èi- akÎtòo
Akàmatsu° Àka˙ akinari° akueki° akudoo°
akami° Akà˙ko akìnari akue˙° akùdoo
akamiso° akà˙tai° àkino, sòra akÎkà˙joo akÎtoku°
akamuke° àka˙be, àkino, nanàkÎ- akuäyaku° akÎtokugyòosha
akame° akka˙bèe sa akuäyoo akuni˙°
akamèru° aka˙boo°, akibako° akÎsai° akunùki°
aäamèru aka˙bo° akibasho° àkuji aäunèru°
akamo˙° aki° AkÏhàbara akujiki° àkuba
akaràäao° àki akibare° akushÏtsu° akubi° yawn
akaràsama° akì akibìyori àkÎshide˙to àkùbi unlucky
akaràmu° akiàki akibi˙° àkÎshu day
akaramèru° akiue° akibeya° akÎshuu° akuhÏtsu°
akari° Akio° akima° akÎshùmi akÎhyoo°
aäari° akiochi° akimaki° akujù˙ka˙ akubyòodoo
àäari: yakuni- ak˜kaze akimàtsuri àkÎshò akÎfuu°
90 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

akubu˙° aäesè˙bee, -ei akeyòo, akemà- asaäìmaku asabùro°


akÎhei°, -ee aäezoko° su, akete°, ake- asàäiri Asama°
akÎheki° akesomèru rèba, akerò AsakÎsa° Asamayama°
akÎhoo° aäèdai° aäeru°: aäenai°, asakÎsàäami asamashìi
àkuma aäedashi° aäeyòo, aäemà- AsakÎsakòoe˙ asamàdaki
akumashùäi aäedashidòofu su, aäete°, aäe- asakÎsase˙° azami°
àkùmade akètate rèba, aäerò asakÎsànori asamìdori
akùmyoo° aäedama° akewatashi° AsakÎsàbashi azamùku
àkumu Akechimitsıhi- akewatàsu asaäùmori° asameshi°
aäùmu de, Akechi° akewatàru asaäuròi° asameshimàe
akùmei°, -ee° Mitsıhide akewatàsu asaäe° asamòya°
akuyaku° akeppanashi° aäò azakerì° azàyaka
akuyuu° akeppiroäe° akòodai azakèru asayake°
akuyoo° aäetsurai° akòodio˙, -dèo˙ asagòha˙ asàyu
aäura° aäetsuràu akoodeo˙ppurìi- asàzake° àsayuu
akuratsu° akete° tsu asajie° azàrashi
aäuràbana°, aäete akoäare° asajiäàhara asari°
-àppana aketèmo kuretè- akoäareru° asazuke° asàru°
aäurìami° mo àkoäi° asatsumi°, -zu- azarea°, -eya°
akùryoo° aäèdo° aäòhiäe° asase° asare˙°
akùryoku aäenabe° aäòhimo° asadachi° azawaràu
àkuriru° akeni° akoyàäai asàtsÎki àshi
akuruàsa akenokane° àsa asàtte ashì
akurùtoshì akenokòro asà asapparà° aji°
akuruhì° akenomyoojòo àza asàtsuyu° àji
akurei°, -ee° aäeha° azà asade° Àjia
agurèma˙ aäehàchoo° asaake° azana° ashiàto
àkuro akenahashi° asai°: asàkatta, asanaàsana ashiòto°
akurobàtto akehanàsu asaku°, asàkÎ- azanàu ashÏka°
ake° akehanàtsu te, asàkereba, asanaäi° AshÏkàäa Takàu-
aäe° akehanarèru asàshÏ àsanayùuna ji, AshÏkaäata-
aäeashi° aäehanochòo asàìchi asanawa° kàuji
aäeàsh˜tori aäèhaba asaito° asanuno° AshÏkàäa Yoshì-
aäeàbura akeharàu asaura° asàne masa, AshÏka-
aäeita° akebi° asaurazòori asanèboo äayoshìmasa
aäeoroshi° aäehìbari asàoki Asano° AshÏkàäa Yoshì-
aäekaji° akehiroäe° asaori° asanouchi° mitsu, AshÏka-
akeäata° aäebuta° asaäàeri asanòha äayoshìmitsu
akeäàrasu akebono° asàäao asanomi° ashÏkaäajìdai
aäeku aäèmaki asaäake° asàhaka ashÏkaäabàkÎfu
akèkure° aäèmaku° asaäàsumi asaha˙° ashiäakari
akekurèru akemutsu° asàkaze àsaba˙ ashÏkake°
aäèsaäe aäemochì° asàäata° àsahi ajikàäe˙
aäeshio° aäemono° asaäàmishimo Asah˜kawa ashÏkàse°
akèshime aäeya° Asaäaya° AsahÏshì˙bu˙ ashiäata°
akesÎke° akeyùku asaäi° Azabu° ashiäàtame
aäèze˙ akeru°: akenai°, asaäiura° Azabujùuba˙ ashÏkàrazu
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 91

ashiäàrami ashÏhàkobi azukemàsu, asetòri° ada° seductive


Ashiäarayama° ashibaya° azùkete, azukè- asebàmu adà ill will, re-
ashiäaru° àshibi°, àsebi° reba, azukèro àsebi°, àshi- venge
ajikinài ashibyòoshi asoko°, asÎko° asèfÎkì° adàajo, adàjio
ashÏkirì° ashibira° àzusa° asemàmire atai°
ashìkÎse° ashifÎkì° azusàyumi àsèmizu ataisuru°
ash˜kùbi ashibùmi° àsÎtaa àsemìzuku adauchì°
ashiäe° ashÏhe˙° àzuchi momoya- azèmichi atae°
ashiäè° ashimàkase majìdai àsemìdoro ataeru°
ashìäee°, -ei° ashimame° asÎtoràka˙ asemò adaoròsoka
ajikenài ajimì° asÎtorì˙ze˙to aserì Ataka°
ashÏkòshi ashimòto° asunaro° asèru: aserànai, àtàkamo
ashiäòshirae Ashiya° asÎpara°, asÎpà- aseròo, aseri- atakÎshi°, wata-
ajìsai° ashiyàsume ràgasu màsu, asètte, kÎshi°
ashisaki àjari° asÎpìri˙° asèreba, asère atashi°, watashi°
ashÏsàbakì° ashìyu° asÎfàruto asèru: asènai, atàtàka
ashizamani° àshura° asubèsÎto aseyòo, asemà- atatakài
ajishio° ashiyowa° Àzuma su, àsette, asè- atatàkàsa
ash˜shìäeku ashirài° azumàuta reba, asèro atatakamì°
ashìsÎta˙to ashiràu azumaèbisu aze˙° atatamàru
ashizùri° ajìru azumaòtoko Àso: Asòza˙ atatamèru
Ashizurimìsaki ajiro° azumaòdori Asoko° Adachi°
ashÏtà ajiwài° azumakàäami asoshièesho˙ Adach˜ku
ashida° ajiwàu° azumakùdari asobasu° atàkku
ashìdai° ashiwaza° azumàäeta, -ge- asobasekòtoba atasshukèesu
ashidàmari° asù azuakòoto asobaseru° adappòi
ash˜chì˙ asuasàtte azumàji° asobi° adana°
ashÏtsùide ÀsÎka° azumàya asobiàite adanàsake
ashìtsÎki asÎkajìdai asurech˜kku asobiäuse° adabana°
ashitsuäi° asÎkayama° àse asobikuràsu àtafÎta
ajitsÎkè° azukarì° azè asobiäoto adàputaa°
ajitsÎkènori azukariki˙° Asèa˙ asobijìka˙ atamà
ajitèesho˙ azukarìshoo° aseòsae asobishìäoto atamauchì°
ajitèetaa azukarimòno° azeori° asobizuki° atamàkazu°
ashidemàtoi, azukàru asèkaki, -kkaki asobidòoäu atamàkabu
ashÏte- azukì asekÎsài asobitòmodachi atamàkara, ata-
ajito° azukiàisu azekura° asobini˙° màkkara
ashidoo° azukiiro° asejìba˙, -jù- asobiba° atamaki˙°
ashidomè° azukìäayu asejimì° asobihà˙bu˙ atamaäoshi°
ashidorì° azukè asejimìru asobihookèru atamaäònashi
ashinae° azukeire° aseshìrazu asobime° atamadèkkachi
ashinamì° azukeirèru° asèsume˙to asobu°: asoba- atamawari°
ashinàrashi azukesaki° àsesuru nai°, asobòo, Àtami
ashinòurà azukènushi asedaku° asobimàsu, Àdamu
Àshinòko azukemonò° asechire˙° aso˙de°, asobè- adamèku
ajinòmoto azukèru: azukè- asetèeto ba, asobè atara°
ashiba nai, azukeyòo, asedomè° àso˙ atarashìi
92 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

atarashiäàru sui°, àtsÎkatta, attakài atè-ate°: kaishaa- atoäaki°


ataràshÏsa àtsuku, àtsÎ- attàkàsa te° atokata°
atarashimì° kÎte, àtsÎkere- attakamì° ateuma°, atokàtàzuke
atarazusawara- ba, àtsÎshi AtsÎtajì˙gùu ate˙ma° atoäane°
zu° atsuita° attamàru ateäai° atoäamà°
ataranai° atsue˙° attamèru ateäaibuchi° atòki˙°
atari° akka° deteriora- attara°, ata- ategàu° atokısare°
àtari-àtari: hito- tion acchì atekosuri° atòkÎchi°
riàtari àkka bad money acch˜kòcchi atekosùru atòäetsu
atarikyòoäe˙ atsÎkai° atsude° atekoto°, ateäoto° adokenài
atarìkùji atsÎkau° àtto° atekomi° àtòsaki
atarìäei°, -ee° atsÎkamashìi attoo° atekòmu atosakìmizu
atarisawari° atsuäami° attooteki° atesaki° atòsaku°
atarichiràsu atsuäàrì attohòomu ateji° atòza˙
ataridokoro° atsuäàru àppaa atezùiryoo atojìsari
atarìdoshi° akka˙° appaakàtto adesùäata atojìmai
ataribako° atsÎka˙° appaku° atezùppo°, -oo° atoshìmatsu
atarihazure° àkki appappà atechìäai atozuke°
atarìbachi° atsuäi° appàre° atetsÎke° atozùsari
atariboo° atsuäiri° àppu atetsÎkèru atozome°
atarimae° atsÎkurushìi, -kk- appuàppu atekko° atòchi°
atarime° akkè° appudàu˙ atedo° atòtsuäi
atariya° atsuäèshoo appuràito atena° atòtori
atariyaku° akkenài appùrìke Àtena atotorimùsÎko
ataru°: ataranai°, akkeràkà˙to appurùpài atenakòokoku àtonomatsuri,
ataròo, atari- akkòo° atsubottài° atenashi° àtono matsuri°
màsu, atatte°, atsuäòori atsumàri° ateniäe° atòba
atarèba, atarè àtsÎsa° atsumàru Àtene adobàizaa
adàruto àtsÎsa° atsumi° adenòido àdobàisu
àta˙ àtsÎsa atsumèru: atsu- atehàzure atobara°
achìibume˙to atsÎsaàtari mènai, atsu- atehamàru atobàrai
achiibume˙totès assaku° meyòo, atsume- atehamèru adobarùu˙,
Îto assakÎkùuki màsu, atsùme- atemi° adobàru˙
ach˜kòchi atsÎsashìnogÏ te, atsumèreba, atemono° àtopii
acharakama° assatsu° atsumèro adèyaka adobè˙chaa
acharazuke° atsÎsayoke° atsumono° aterareru° atoboo°
achira° assàri atsuyaki° ateru°: atenai°, atomàwashi
achirakòchira° asshi° atsùyu° ateyòo, atemà- atomìkku
atsuaäe° atsÎshi atsuràe° su, atete°, ate- àtomu
atsuatsu° atsuji° atsuraemuki° rèba, aterò atomè°
atsui° thick, asshÎku atsuraemonò° àto atomesòozoku
heavy, fervent, asshoo° atsuràèru àdo atomòdori
ardent: atsı- assùru atsùryoku atòashi atòyaku°
katta, atsÎku°, assee°, -ei° atsuryokùäama atòaji° atoyama°
atsùkÎte, atsı- asse˙° atsuryokÎkee°, -ei° atoato° atoràkÎsho˙
kereba, atsùshÏ atsuzoko° atsuryokudà˙tai atooi° atorà˙damu,
atsùi hot: oat- attàka atsureki° atòoshi atto-
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 93

atorìe° anìyome apìiru, appìi- aburàäiri ahe˙kÎtsu


adoribu° ane° àbikyooka˙, àbi aburaäìru ahe˙sè˙soo
Adòrumu anèue kyooka˙° aburaäùsuri àpo: apòi˙to,
Àdoresu° aneäo° woman ahÏsa˙°, ahìsa˙ aburake°, abu- apòi˙tome˙to
adorenàri˙° boss, boss's abisekakèru ràaäe àhòo
àna announcer, wife abiseru° aburàsashi ahòodori
anarchist aneäo°, anèäo ahiru° aburajimìru abokado°
anà pit, hole, older sister abiru°: abinai°, aburàshoo° ahodarakyoo°
deficit anesamanì˙äyoo abiyòo, abimà- aburashòoji Àporo
anaakìsÎto, ana- anesa˙° su, abite°, abi- aburazuke° àma
anaakìzumu, anesa˙kàburi rèba, abirò aburàzumi amaài°
ana- anesa˙nyòoboo àbu aburàzemi amàashi°
anaito° anèttai° AfuganìsÎta˙ aburakkòi, -akòi amai°: amàkat-
anauma°, -˙ma° anenyòoboo abukù aburàtsubo ta, amaku°,
anaumè°, -˙mè° anemùko abukuzèni aburàde° amàkÎte, amà-
anaù˙saa anemùsume Abukumàäawa aburaderi° kereba, amàshÏ
anàù˙su anemone° àbusa˙ aburàtori amae°
anakàäari ano° abusÎtoràkÎto aburàna amaebi°
anaäachi° anokàtà afÎtaakèa aburàniku amaèru°
anaäuma° anokurai° afÎtaasàabisu aburamàmire amae˙boo°, -bo°
anaäura° anòko afÎtanùu˙ aburàmi amaòoi
anakuro° anokòro Abudabi° aburàmushi amaochì°
anaäo° anotòori àbucha˙: abura- aburamore° amaotò°
anasàäashi° anotòkì yasa˙° aburaya° amaäàitoo
anazuri° anòhitò apÎtoshÏki° àpuri amaäàeru
ànàta anoyo° abunai°: abunà- Afurika° amàäaki°
anataäàta° anoràkku katta, abuna- Apùrìke amaäàsa
anatamàkase apàato ku°, abunàkÎ- apurikòtto Amaäàsaki
anadorì° abàku te, abunàkere- aburidashi° amaäàppa
anadòru Abàshiri ba, abunàshÏ, abùru amakara°
ànànasu abazure° abunaäàru aburè amakarài
anaba° abata° abunaäe°, -akke° àpure°: apuregèe- amakawa°
anàbòko abatazura° abunaäenài ru Àmaäi: Amaäì-
anahòrì àbayo abunakkashìi° afureko° sa˙
ànaya abara° abunòomaru afurèru amàäi
anarogu° abaràbone° abuhachÏtòrazu aburèru amàäu
àni abaràya abumi° apuròochi AmàkÎsa°: Amà-
anìi abarèuma abura° Abe°: Abenona- kÎsashìroo, A-
anìue abarekòmu aburàaäe kamaro°, Abe- màkÎsa° Shìroo
àniki abaredàsu aburàashi no° Nakamaro° AmakÎsajima
anìsa˙ abaremawàru aburààse Abekawa° AmakÎsashòtoo
anideshi° abaremono° aburaìtame abekawàmochi amakudari°
ànihakara˙ya, abareru° aburàe abekobe° amakÎchi°
àni hakarà˙ya abare˙boo°, -bo° aburaènoäu abèkku amàäutsu
anìbu˙ aba˙gyàrudo aburakàsu Abemària amaäùmo°
ànime°: animèe- aba˙gèeru aburàäami, àbereeji, -rejji amaäumori
sho˙ aba˙chùuru aburàkkami àhe˙° amàäuri°
94 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

amakè° amami° amìdo amerikashiroh˜- ayumiyòru°


amàäoi° Àmami aminosa˙° tori ayùmu
amasa° Amamiòoshima aminomè° amerikàji˙ àrà oh, aw
amazake° Amamishòtoo amìbàri amerikanàizu arà fault, defect
amazàrashi amàmizu amibùne° amerikanìzumu Àraa, Àrraa
amasa˙° amamiso° amìboo ame˙bo°, -oo° aràamu
amajio° amamòyoi amimè° ayà araarashìi
amajìtaku amamòyoo amimotò° ayaui°, ayaùi arai°: aràkatta,
amajìmi° amàmori amìmòno ayauku° araku°, aràkÎ-
amashòogu˙ amayakàsu° amiyaki° ayaori° te, aràkereba,
amashoku° amayàdori àmu: amànai, ayaòrìmono° aràshÏ
amàsu amayamì° amòo, amimà- ayakarimono° Arai°: AraihakÎ-
amazu° amàyo su, à˙de, àme- ayakàru seki°, Arai° ha-
amazuppài° amayokè° ba, àme ayaäìnu° kÎseki°
amazòra° amari°, a˙m- not AmusÎtèrudamu ayashii°: ayàshÏ- araiaäèru
Amazò˙gawa much, not very ame° candy katta, ayashÏ- aràìoke
àmata amari°, àmari àme rain ku°, ayàshÏkÎ- araiotòsu
amàdai about: tookaà- ameàäari, te, ayàshÏkere- araiäae°
amadare° mari, amaa- ba, ayàshi araìguma
amadareochi° nijika˙àmari àmearare ayashìäe° araiko°
amacha° amarìàru ameiro° ayashìmu araizàrai°
amàchua° amarìni° ameurì° ayàsu araizarashi°
àmatsısae amarimonò° amèeba ayatsurì° araishu°
amattarùi° amarìrisu ameòtoko ayatsurinì˙äyoo araiso°, ariso°
amattare° amàru: amarà- ameò˙na ayatsùru araidashi°
amattarèkko nai, amarimà- àmeäashÏta ayatòrì araidàsu
amattareru° su, amàtte, àmekaze ayanishÏki araitatèru
amacchoròi° amàreba ameäachi° ayabùmu arainaòsu
amatsùbu° amàrùgamu amezàiku ayafuya° arainaäàsu
amàdera° ama˙jìru° àmedasu ayamàchi° araiba°
amaterasuoomì- ama˙zùru° amedama° ayamàtsu araìhari
kami amì-ami°: sooa- ametsùzuki ayamàri° araimono°
amàdo mi°, mokuami° àmetsÎchi ayamàru: aya- arau°: arawanai°,
amàdoi amiaäe° àmetsuyu marànai, aya- araòo, araii-
amatoo° amiaäèäutsu ameni° maròo, ayama- màsu, aratte°,
amanatsu° amiaäèru° amèniti rimàsu, aya- araèba, araè
amanàttoo amiuchì° amefÎto°, ameri- màtte, ayamà- arauma°,
amaniyu° amiäàsa ka˙fÎttobòoru reba, ayamàre ara˙ma°
amanìku amìki amèfuri ayame° araùmi°
àmanoiwato amijàkÎshi amemòyoi ayamè° araori°
amanòäawa amijìba˙, -jù- amemòyoo ayamèru araäàu
amanòjaku amida° ameya° àyu arakajime°
Àmanohashida- amidàkùji Ameyoko° ayumì arakàseäi°
te, Àmano ha- amidàsu° Amerika° ayumiai° arakata°
shidate° amidana° Amerikaì˙dia˙ ayumiàu° arakabe°
amanòhara amidanyòrai Amerikagasshùu ayumiìta arakàruto
amaboshi° amidàbutsu koku ayumiyori° Arakawa°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 95

Arakawàku arànu ariawase° shÏta, arima- aruhee°, -ei°


arakawase˙° aranuri° ariùru, ariubèki shòo, arimasè˙ aruheitoo°, aru-
Àraki arànetsu° àrika aryuu° heetoo°
arakida° Arabia°, -biya° arikàta° aryùusa˙ arubèki
akaäimo° arabiagòmu, ariäatài aryuusa˙gàsu arumàito
aràäyoo° -iya- ariäataäàru ariyòo arumàjiki
arakure° arabiasùuji, -iya- ariäatanàmi° Ariwaranonarì- arumàjiro
arakureòtoko arabiànori, -iyà- ariäatamèewa- hira, Ariwara- arumi°: arumin-
arakuremono° arabiki° ku, -èi- no° Narìhira yùumu, arimi-
arakèzuri° àrabu ariäachi° àru: aròo, arimà- nìumu
aràäoto° araburè˙äoo arìäatoo, -to su, àtte, àreba, arumisàsshi
araäotòshi arabèsÎku arìäatoo: gozai- àre arumìhaku
araäònashi° arahòoshi màshÏta, arìäa- arùiwa arumihòiru
arasàäashi arabò˙ too gozaimà- àrukàäiri are° rough weath-
àrashi, Àrashi aràmaki° shÏta arukari° er, chapping
arajio° aramashi° arìäatoogozaima arukarisee°, -ei° àrè hey, why
arashìäoto aramùsha° sÎ arukarìse˙° àree°, -ei°
Arashìyama° aràme° ariäane° arukaròido arekara°
Àraji˙ aramòodo arikÏtari° arukì arekÏsa˙daadai-
arasu° aràmono° ariäire° arukizome° òo, arekÎsa˙-
àrazu aramonòya° arìkui° Arukimèdesu daadaiòo
ArasÎka° arayu° arìsama° arùku: arukà- arekiri°, areäiri°
arazùkuri arayùru àrishi nai, arukòo, arekurai°, -ä-
arasuji° araraäi arijìäoku arukimàsu, arekurùu
arazumòäàna araraäèru Arishimatakeo° arùite, arùke- arèguro°
araseetoo°, -ei- araryòoji arizuka° ba, arùke arèkore
arasòi° arare° ArisÎtotèresu arukooru° arèshiki°
arasòu: arasowà- ararèmonài araiso°, ariso° arukooruzuke° areshòo°
nai, arasoòo, àrawa° arìdaka° arukoorùbu˙ aredake°
arasoimàsu, arawazà aritake° àruji arechi°
arasòtte, ara- arawashi° aritayaki° Arujeria°, -iya° arekkiri°
sòeba, arasòe arawàsu: arawa- aritsÎku° Aruzè˙chi˙ arede°
arasoènai sànai, arawa- arittake° aruchuu° aredèmo
arasowarènai sòo, arawashi- aritei°, aritee° arutsÎhàimaa areno°, ara-
àrata màsu, arawà- àritoarayùru, àruto arehada°
aràtaka shÏte, arawàse- àrito arayùru àrutoki arehatèru
aradatèru ba, arawàse àrìnashi arutokÏshòobu arehodo°
aratamàru arawàre° arinami˙° arutokibàrai aremòyoo
ataramè° arawarèru arinomamà àrunashi àreyoareyo,
aratàmete arà˙kàäiri arinòmi arubàito àreyo àreyo
aratamèru ari° aribài° arupaka° areru°: arenai°,
arappòi° àri aribàsho° arubamu° areyòo, aremà-
arate° ària arifureru°: arifù- àruhi su, arete°, are-
arato° ariake° reta° arupinìsÎto rèba, arerò
aranami° ariakèkai Àrima àrufaa, -fa arèrùgii
aranawa° ariamàru arimaki° arufabètto arerugiihà˙noo
aranì° ariàri arimàsu: arimà- ÀrupÎsu arè˙ji
96 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

àroe° à˙i° a˙ji° à˙chi° a˙naini˙°


aròha: arohashà- a˙itsu° a˙sh˜shoku a˙ch˜kku à˙ni
tsu a˙utsu° a˙shÏtsu° a˙chÏtèeze a˙ni˙dòofu,
àwa foxtail, mil- a˙u˙° a˙shÏtsu°, a˙ji- a˙chìmo˙ kyooni˙dòofu
let a˙ee°, -ei° à˙ju, à˙shu a˙chaku° a˙nee°, -ei°
awà bubble, a˙ka° à˙ju à˙cha˙ a˙nòjoo
foam à˙ka a˙juu° a˙chuumòsaku° a˙no˙°
awài slight, light à˙kaa a˙shÎtsu° a˙choku° a˙ba°
awài° opening, à˙äai a˙shoo° a˙choko° a˙bài°
aperture a˙kàke° a˙joo° a˙chòbii a˙paia°
awaòkòshi a˙kàsshoku a˙shookìäoo À˙chinkiyohime a˙bàrà˙su
awasàru A˙kàrejji, -eji a˙shoobà˙äoo A˙chinkiyohi- a˙pà˙°
Àwaji a˙ka˙° a˙shoku° me à˙pi
Awajìshima a˙ki° to learn a˙jìru° a˙tsùukaa à˙bu
Awajichoo° by heart a˙shi˙° a˙tee°, -ei° a˙pu°
awàsu à˙ki ease, com- a˙shì˙ka˙ a˙tìiku à˙puru
awasè fort a˙zu° a˙tèeka˙, -èi- a˙bu˙°
awasekàäami a˙kimo° a˙zùru° a˙teejò, -ei- a˙bu˙hìree, -ei
awasèzu à˙äya° a˙zùruni a˙teisee°, -ei- a˙pèa
awàsete à˙kyo a˙sei°, a˙see° a˙teesèechoo, -ei- a˙pera°
awasebàori a˙kìryoku a˙ze˙° a˙teesèeryoku, à˙po
awaseme° à˙äu a˙ze˙kàmisori -èi- a˙pojòoyaku
awasèru a˙äura° a˙ze˙gàrasu a˙teetsùuka a˙pò˙ta˙
awatadashìi a˙äùri a˙zè˙ki a˙tèido, -èe- a˙ma°
awadachì° à˙äuru a˙zè˙saku À˙desu a˙maku°
awadàtsu a˙äurosàkÎso˙ a˙ze˙shùuka˙ a˙tena° a˙mari°, amari°
awadatèki, -ta- à˙kèeto a˙ze˙see°, -ei° a˙tenashòppu a˙marì
awadatèru a˙ke˙° a˙ze˙sòochi a˙depà˙da˙ a˙ma˙°
awatsùbu a˙kè˙satsu a˙ze˙ch˜tài A˙dèrùse˙ a˙mitsu°
awatefÎtamèku à˙ko a˙ze˙too° a˙te˙° a˙mi˙
awatemono° à˙koo a˙zè˙pì˙ à˙do a˙moku°
awateru° a˙äoo° a˙ze˙bèruto a˙too° à˙mochi
awate˙boo°, -bo° a˙äòobu˙° a˙zè˙be˙° À˙doo Hiròshiäe a˙monia°, a˙-
àwabi a˙kòoru a˙zè˙boo a˙do˙° moniya°
awameshi° A˙kooruwàtto a˙ze˙hòshoo a˙do˙kùraäe à˙monò
awàmochi a˙koku° a˙soku° a˙do˙bàkama à˙ya
awàmori a˙kokujìdai a˙sokÎkoo° a˙do˙beya° a˙yaku°
àwaya a˙kokÎtàiriku a˙sokùbi a˙na° a˙yakòoro
awàyuki a˙kokùme˙ a˙sòrojii a˙nài à˙yo
àwayòkuba A˙äora° à˙ta, anàta a˙naiäàkari à˙raku°
àware a˙äoraùsaäi à˙da° a˙nàiki a˙rakùisu
awarèmi° a˙kòro a˙daauèa a˙nàisha a˙ràkıshi
awarèmu a˙koròmochi a˙daashàtsu a˙naishò° a˙ryuu°
-à˙, -a˙: bashòo- a˙satsu° a˙daarài˙ a˙naijò° a˙rui°
a˙, choojùa˙ à˙za˙ a˙tai° a˙naijoo° i° stomach
a˙a˙° a˙zà˙äa˙ a˙ta˙° a˙nàijoo ì meaning,
a˙à˙ri a˙sà˙buru a˙dà˙te a˙nàizu strange, rush
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 97

iai° Iishìi iinaoshi° iiwatàsu iò˙bi˙


iainuki° ìijii iinaòsu ìi˙ ika° squid
iatsu° iijiiòodaa ìinaosÎke, ìi iì˙kai ìka less than,
iatsÎteki° iijiigòoi˙äu naòsÎke iì˙choo under, medical
iawàsu iijisÎka˙° ìinaka iè department
iawasèru iishibùru iinazuke° iee°, iei° Iäà
ia˙° iijoo° iinarawashi° ièie Iäà
ià˙kai iishirènu° iinarawàsu ieäàmae ìkai
ia˙ryòkoo iisuäi° iinari° ieäarà° iäai° dead body
ìi yòi iisuäìru iinarishìdai ieki° ìäai° unexpected
iiai° iisuäoshi° iinarihòodai ièäòto ikàiyoo
iiàu ìisÎtaa iinarèru iesàäashi ikàäa
iiatèru iisÎte° iinikùi ièji° ikaäawashìi
iiayamari° iisÎtèru iinuke° ièsu ikaku°
iiayamàru ìisÎto iinukèru ìèsu ìäaku
iiarasoi° ìizeru iine° iesùji° iäàkıshi
iiarasòu iisoèru iinoäare° ièsuma˙ ikàkÎchoo
iiarawàsu iisokonai° iinoäarèru iedani° iäakÎhàkÎshi,
iiawàsu iisokonàu iinokoshi° ietsÎki° -kase
iiawasèru iisobirèru iinokòsu ietsùzuki iäakùbu
iiè iisoyàsu iihajimèru iede° iäàäuri°
iiòku Iida° iihanàtsu iedeni˙° iäaäuriàtama
iiotoshi° ìidakudaku, ìi iihayàsu ièdomo ikake°
iiotòsu dakudaku° ìihÏto ienashi° ikakeya°
iiäai° ìidako iihiraki° ienami° ikasashi°
iikae° iidashi° iihiràku iènushi ikasama°
iikàesu iidashÏppè iiihiromèru ienòko° ikàsama
iikaèru iidàsu iifÎkumèru ièbae°, ièbai° ikasamàshi
ìikao iitatèru iifuràsu iebato° ikasamamono°
iiäakari° Iidabashi° iiburi°, iippuri° Ième˙ ikasu° neat
iikake° iichiäai° iifuràsu iemòchi° ikàsu to bring
iikakèru iichiäae° iibu˙° iemoto° back to life, to
iikaäe˙° iichiäàèru iimakàsu ièyàshÏki let live: ikasà-
iikata° iichiràsu iimakùru ieru° nai, ikasòo,
iikanèru iitsÎkàru iimawashi° ièru ikashimàsu,
iikawàsu iitsuäi° iimèeru ièroo ikàshÏte, ikàse-
ìiki iitsùäu ìimono ierookàado ba, ikàse
iikÏkasèru iitsÎkùsu iimoràsu ie˙° ikàsui
ìikimi iitsÎkuròu iiyà ioo°, yuoo° ikazùgoke
iikìru iitsÎke° iiyasùi iooka°, yuooka° ikazuchi°
iiäusa° iitsÎkèäuchi Iiyùu Ioojima°, Iootoo° ikasumi°
iikuràsu iitsÎkèru iiyoo° ioose˙°, yuoose˙° ikàzoku
iikurumèru iitsÎtae° iiyòru iotòsu° ikada°
iikèsu iitsÎtàèru iiwake° iori° iäata
ìiko iitsunòru iiwata°, yuiwa- iorikà˙ba˙ ikadàshi
iikomèru iippanashi° ta° iorìte˙ ikadanàäashi
iisàsu iitòosu iiwatashi° ìo˙ ikàtaru
98 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ikatsu° ìäa˙me˙ka˙, ikÏsuäiru achievement ìkudo


ikatsui° ìäan me˙ka˙° ikizùku ikyòoto ìkudooo˙, ìku
ikàna iki° fresh, chic ikizùkuri ìkyoku° dooo˙°
ikanaäo° ìki breathing ik˜suji° Igirisu° ìkÎtose
ikànaru ikì life “ death ikizumari° Igirisùji˙ ìkunichi
ikàni iki° yuki° there ikizumàru ikiritàtsu ìkuni˙
ikànimo “ back ìkÏsekÏkiru, ikiryoo° ìkune˙
ikàbàkari ìäi ìkÏsekÏ kìru ikìru: ikìnai, ikubaku°
Ikaho°, Ikao° ikiàu ikidaore° ikiyòo, ikimà- ìkubi
ikahodo° ikiataribàttàri iäitanai° su, ìkÏte, ikìre- ìkuhÏsàshÏku
iäamiai° ikiatàru ikÏchi° ba, ikìro ikubu˙°
iäamiàu° ikiìki ikÏchiäai° ikirè° ikumoo°
iäàmu ikìuo ikÏchiäàu ikiwakare° ìkuyo
ikameshìi ikiutsıshi° ikÏtsùäi° ikiwatàru ikura°
ikàmera ikiuma°, ikitsıku iku°: yuku°, ika- ìkura
ikamono° iki˙ma° ikitsÎke° nai°, ikòo, iki- ìkuraka°
ikamonòäui° ikìe° ìkÏtooäoo, ìkÏ màsu, itte°, ikuraäùrai
ikayoo° ikiòi tooäoo° ikèba, ikè ìkuràmo
Iäàrashi ikioikòmu ikidoorì° ìku-: ìkÎtabi, iku˙°
ikaràsu° ikiäài° ikidòoru ìkuni˙ ikè
ikarasèru° ikÏkaeri° ikÏtodòku iguana° ikeàrai
iäarappòi ikikaeru° ikidomari° iäui° ikee°, -ei°
ikari° anchor ikiäakari° ikidomàru ìkue ikèere˙, -èi-
ikarì° anger, rage ikiäake° ikinaäaraèru° ikuee°, -ei° ikèuo°
ikarìgata° ikÏkata° ikinari° ikuèekai, -èi- ikèäaki°
ikarikurùu ikÏkàtà ikinì˙äyoo ikÎsà Ikeäami°
ikarìzuna ikiäàmisama ikinùki° ìäusa° Ikeäamise˙°
ikarisoo° ikiäàru ikinùku ikÎsaäòkko ikekomi°
ikaru° grobeak ik˜ki° ikinuke° ìkuji ikeshàashàa
ikàru° square ikiäimo° ikinokori° ikujikyùuka ikesù°
shoulders ikiäìre° ikinokòru° ikujikyùuäyoo ikezuuzuushìi
ikàru to get ikiäùmi° ìkinone ikujìshoku ikesÎkànai
angry ikiäurushìi ikinobìru° ikujìnashi ikezùkuri
Ikaruga° ikiäònomi ikiba° ikujihoo° ikèzumi
ikareru° ikiäòmi° ikÏhajì° ikÎshu° ikezo˙zài
ika˙° regrettable, ikiäòmu ikibàru iäùsuri Ikeda°
magnificent ikÏsaki° ikibòtoke ikÎsee°, -ei° ìäeta
vew ikÏsatsu° ikimàku ìkÎse˙ ikedòri°
ìka˙ o‚cers ikizama° ikìmì ìkÎta ikedòru°
below major ìkiji ikìmu° ìkÎtabi ikenai°
rank ikijìäoku ikimodori° ìkÎtari ikeniè°
ikà˙ how, what ikÏshina° ikìmòno ikÎtaryuu° ikenòboo
ìäa˙° ik˜shìni ikiyàsume ìkuda˙ ikèbana
ikà˙sè˙ ikijìbiki ikyoo° ìkÎtsu ikèbi
ìäa˙tàishoku ikizùe iäyoo° odd look- ìkÎtsÎki Ikebùkuro
ikà˙tomo° ikizùkai ing ikÎtsumè° ikebune°
ika˙nàku ikÏsuäi° ìäyoo° great ikutè° ikeru° can go,
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 99

can drink izanàu ijikÏtanài ishìmichi ishòomochi


ikèru (to arran- isamashìi ishÏkiteki° ishimuro° ishoku°
ge) flowers isami° ìshÏkifumei, ijime° ìhoku
ike˙° unconsti- isamìashi° ìshÏki fumei° ijimekko° ijoku°
tutionality isamitàtsu ishÏku° ijimeru° ishokùäote
ìke˙ opinio, isamìhada ishiäumi° ishimochi° ishòkısaku
view isàmu ijikùru isha° ishòkùjuu
iäe˙° Isamu° ishÏkure° ìsha ishokÎshùjutsu
ike˙shò° isamè° ishÏkèrì ishiya° ìshoku dooäe˙°,
ìäo isamèru° ijikeru° ishiyakìimo ìshokudooäe˙
ikòi° izayoi° ijìäe˙ ijaku° ijirashìi
ikòu izayoinìkki ishÏkò° ishiyama° ijìru
ikoo° switcho- izari° ishÏkòro, -kk- Ishiyamadera° ishiwata°
ver, intention isarìbi° ishiäoromo ishàryoo ijìwàru
ìkoo after this, isaribùne ishijìzoo ìshu ijiwarùi
from now on izàru° ishizùe° ishuu° ishi˙° prestige,
ikòoru isa˙° ishizuki° ijuu° dignity
ìkoku° isa˙kàta ishizukù° ijùusha ìshi˙ restoration
ikokujòocho isa˙sòozoku ishizùkuri ijùumi˙ iji˙°
ikokùji˙ ìshi doctor, will ishizuri° ishuäàeshi ìshi˙de˙shi˙
ikokÎfuu° ishì stone Ishidamitsùnari, ishÎku° isu°
iäòkochi° ìji maintenan- Ishida° ishÎkùji˙ izu° a place name
ikoji°, e- cechild left by Mitsùnari ishÎtsu° ìzu to leave, to
ikotsu° the deceased ishìdai° ìjutsu appear
ikomi° ijì pride, dispo- ishidàtami ishubàrashi isùu°
ikòmu° sition ishida˙° ìsho isÎka°
ikoròsu ishiàtama ishÏtsu° ishoo° another ìzuku°
iko˙° Ishii° ishÏkkòro, -k- name isÎkumàru
iäo˙° ishiùsu° ijippàrì ìshoo° idea, de- isÎkumèru°
ìza ish˜kài ishÏtsùbutsu vice izukù˙zo
isai° Ishiäaki° Ishidòomaru ìshoo clothes, ìzuko°
ìsai Ishiäakijima° ishidòoroo costumes izushÏchìtoo
izàisoku ishiäake° ishinàäe° ijoo° malfunc- isıseki°
isao° ishiäàsse˙ ishiniwa° tion, unusual IsÎta˙bùuru
isaoshi° ishiäame° ijinè˙ki˙ ìjoo more than, ìzutsu
isakài° IshÏkari° Ishinòmaki above IsÎpània°, IsÎpa-
isakàu IshÏkarìäawa ishìbai° ishooàwase niya°
izakàya° IshÏkawa° Ishibashi° ijooka˙soo- Izuhà˙too
ìsaki° IshÏkawagoe- ijibàru chuuìhoo izùmai°
isaäiyòi mo˙°, IshÏka- ijìhi ijook˜shoo Izumi°
isaäiyoshÏ wa° Goemo˙° ishÏhyòoji ishooäònomi izumikyòoka
isaku° IshÏkawatakubo- ishibumi° ijoojì˙kaku IzumishÏkìbu
isaäo° ku°, IshÏkawa° ìshibeki˙kÏchi, ijooshì˙ri IzumishÏkibu-
izakoza° Takuboku° ìshibe ki˙kÏ- ishootòoroku nìkki
isasaka° IshÏkawàke˙ chi° ishòobako izumìnetsu
ìzashirazu ìshÏki ishÏhe˙° ishòobu izumiryuu°
izanài° ishÏkìate ishibòtoke ijòofu ìzumu
100 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ìzumo isògu: isoäànai, itàzai° Itabàsh˜ku ìchi market,


Izumotàisha isoäòo, isoäi- itashÏkata° itabari° place
izumofudòki màsu, isòide, itashÏkàyushi, itabìsashi ichì one
Isuràeru isòäeba, isòge ìtashÏ kàyushi itabuki° -ichi
isuramukyoo° ìzoku itajiki° itabukiyàne ichia˙°
izure° isokÎsài itajìkiri itàbee°, -ei° ichìa˙
isuwari° ìsoji° itàsu° itamashìi ichìi
isuwàru isoshìmu idàsu itamàru ichììitaisui
ìse isozùtai itazura° ìtami a place ichìichi
isee°, -ei° autho- isozuri° itazuraäaki° name ichìi˙°
rity, spirits, isochìdori itazurakozòo itamì pain, sor- ichii˙see°, -ei°
opposite sex Isòppu itazurazàkari row ichìu
ìsee, -ei west of isobe° itazuràkko itamiìru° ichie˙°
isèekatsu, -èi- isobemaki° itazuradè˙wa itamidome° ichìe˙°
isèesha, -èi- iso˙° itazurabòozu itàmu: itamà- ichie˙dama°
isèebi° izo˙° itazuramono° nai, itamòo, ichioo°
iseò˙do ìta itazòori itamimàsu, ichìoku
iseki° itai° itadaki° ità˙de, itàme- ichìäaini°
isekomi° itài: ìtakatta, itadakimono° ba, itàme ichiäatsù°
Isèsaki ìtaku, ìtakÎte, itadaku°: itada- itame° ich˜kabachÏka,
Isesakise˙° ìtakereba, ìta- kanai°, itada- itamèäane ich˜ka bach˜ka
Isejì˙äùu shÏ kòo, itadaki- itametsÎkèru° Ichìäaya
iseta˙° idai°: ikadàiäa- màsu, itadai- itamemonò° IchÏkàwa
isetsu° ku te°, itadakèba, itamèru Ebizòo
isemàiri itaiitaibyoo° itadake itamènai: ita- IchÏkàwae˙nosu
isemonoäàtari itaìke° itadakeru°: ita- meyòo, itame- ke, IchÏkàwa
ise˙°: iäakÎ itàiji° dakenai° màsu, itàmete, E˙nosuke°
se˙mo˙gàkkoo itaitashìi itatamarènai, itamèreba, ita- IchÏkàwa
ìse˙° itaura°: itaura- -rà- mèro Sadà˙ji
ize˙° still, as yet, zòori itachi° itayàne° ichiäa˙°
as it's been ItàäakitaisÎke itachiäòkko itarànu° ichiäa˙rèfu
ìze˙ before, for- itaäàkoi itachinomichi° itarì° ichìäi
merly itaäane° itachoko° Itaria°, -iya° ichìäyòo (n.)
ize˙kee°, -ei° itàkabe° itatsÎki°, itazu- Itariaäo°, -iyaäo° line, row,
iso° itaäami ki° Itarìi troupe, party
ìsoiso itagàrasu itàtsuki itarìkku ichìäyoo° (pron.)
isoo° itaäàru itàtte° itàru° line, row,
izoo° itakire° itade° itàrutokorò troupe, party
isòoäai itaku° idate˙°: idate˙- itareri tsÎkusè- ichÏku°
isooroo° ìtaku bàshiri ri, itareritsÎ- ichìäuu°
isoäashìi idàku itàdo kusèri ich˜kùmi
isoäàsu itakÎkàkoo itàdori° itawasa° ichìäu˙°
isoäasèru itàkısha itanoma° itawashìi ichìäee°, -ei°
isoäì itakÎhà˙bai itanomakaseäi itawàri° ichiäeki°
isoäìashi itakèdaka° itaba° itawàru ichiäe˙°
isoäimòno° itaäo itabàsami ita˙° ichiäe˙ìkku, -äo-
isoäì˙chaku ìtasa Itàbashi ità˙sha ichiäè˙ka°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 101

ichiäè˙ki˙° ichìzu ichinichiòkì ichibà˙dashi ichìme˙°


ichiäe˙kòji ichizukè° ichinichÏshìäoto ichibà˙cha ichimè˙shÏki
ichÏkè˙shÏki ichizukèru ichijitsÎse˙shuu°, ichibà˙deshi ichìmoo
ichiäè˙ro˙ ichìze˙ ichijitsΰ se˙- ichiba˙dè˙sha ichimòosaku
ichiäo° ichizè˙meshi shuu° ichibà˙dori ichimoodaji˙°
ichiäoichìe ichize˙meshìya ichinichinòba- ichibà˙nori ichìmoku°
ichÏkoo°, ikkoo° ichìzoku shi ichibà˙boshi ichimòkÎsa˙
ichìäoo ichìzo˙° ichinichimashì° ichiba˙mè ichìmokuryoo-
ichiäòo ichìda ichinido° ichibà˙yari ze˙°
ichiäoo° ichìdai ichinine˙° ich˜himenita- ichimotsu°
ichiäòomasu ichidàiki ichinihe˙° roo, ich˜hime ichìmo˙ penny,
ichiäoäari° ichidàiji ichiniho˙° nitaroo° farthing, clan
ichiäomiruku ichidaihàkke˙ ichini˙° to leave ichìbyoo° one ichìmo˙° one
ichÏkoro° ichida˙° more entirely ailment question
ichìäo˙° ichida˙°, ichì- ichìni˙ one per- ichìbyoo one ichìmonittoo°
ichiäo˙ìkku da˙ group, son second ichimonòshimi
ichiäo˙hà˙ku company ichinìsha ichibu° one ichimò˙ji°
ichìza ichìda˙ step, ichinì˙shoo tenth ichimo˙se˙°
ichìzi paragraph ichini˙mae° ichìbu copy, vol- ichimò˙nashi
ichijiàzukari ichidà˙raku ichìne˙ ume, part of ichimo˙mè
ichijiàzuke ichìdo one de- ichine˙juu° ichibuichìri˙ ichimo˙me°
ichijiìkku gree ichine˙see°, -ei° ichibushìjuu ichìya
ichijìka˙ ichidò once, on annual plant ichibùbu˙ ichìyaku°
ichijika˙mè one occasion ichinè˙see, -ei ichìbu˙° ichiyakòjiki
ichijìki (n.) first-year stu- ichibetsu° ichiyazuke°
ichijìki˙° ichido° once, on dent ichibetsuìrai ichatsÎku°
ichìjiku one occasion ichine˙seesòo- ichiboo° ichamo˙°
ichijishÏkè˙ (adv.) ho˙, -ei- ichiboku° ìchuu°
ichijishìnoäi ichìdoo° one ichine˙soo° ichìmai ìcho
ichijìdai place ichine˙bòozu ichimaikà˙ba˙ ichoo° stomach
ichishÏchinichì ichìdòo we all ichìne˙hòkki ichimaizuri° “ intestines
ichijitsù ichidòkini ichine˙mè ichimatsu° ìchoo chief doc-
ichijiteki° ichidoku° ichinoo° ichimatsumòyoo tor
ichìjini ichidònàrazu ichinòze˙ ichimanì˙äyoo, ichiyoo°
ichijinòäare ichidòni Ichinòtani -tsunì˙- ichooäàeshi
ichijibàrai ichidomo° ichìnotori ichimà˙ ichoobyoo°
ichìju ichìna˙ ichìnotorii ichimane˙° ichòoyaku
ichijuuìssai ìchìni Ichinòmiya ichimanè˙satsu ichiyooraifÎku°
ichiju˙° ichinikai° ìchibà ichima˙ni˙° ichiyoku°
ichìjo ichinikàäetsu ichibai° ichìmi ichira˙°
ichìjoo° one time ichinisatsu° ichÏhatsu° ichimyaku° ichira˙see°, -ei°
ichìjoo streak, ichinijìka˙ ichÏhàyaku Ichìmura Uzàe- ichira˙hyoo°
passage ichinichì one Ich˜hàra mo˙ ichìri
ichijirushìi day (n.) ichiba˙° ichimuraza° ichirìzuka
ichìji˙°: ichiji˙- ichinichi° one ichìba˙ ichìmee°, -ei° ichiritsu°
nokaze° day (adv.) ichibà˙kubi ichimeäasa ichiryuu°
ichijì˙butsu ichinichiichìya ichiba˙dàiko ichìme˙° ichìryoo car-
102 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

riage counter ikkàäetsu ìkki˙ issakùne˙° isshokÎsokÎha-


ichìryòo tael (n.) ikkàäe˙ ìkku issakùba˙ tsu°, isshokΰ
ichìryoo° tael ikkajuu° itsıkù issakùya° sokuhatsu°
(adj.) ikkàsho ItsÎkùshima issatsù written isshokÎta°
ichiryòojitsu ikkashì˙juu itsÎkushimajì˙ja statement (n.) isshokè˙mee, -ei
ichiryòone˙ ìkkada˙ra˙, ìk- itsÎkushimi° issatsu° written isshi˙° refurnish-
ichìri˙ ka da˙ra˙° itsÎkushìmu statement ment, first
ichiri˙zashi° ikkatsu° ìkke (adv.) trial
ichirì˙sha ikkàne˙ ikkee°, -ei° ìssa˙ venture isshì˙ immersion
ichìru ikkà˙° link, part ikketsu° issà˙ at full isshì˙ittai°
ichìrui same ikkà˙ one kan ikke˙° a‡air, case spead isshi˙kyoo°
kind, accom- (n.) ìkke˙° room issa˙katà˙so isshi˙joo°
plices ikka˙° one kan ìkke˙ prefecture issa˙bàshiri ìsshì˙tasÎke
ichìrui° first base (adv.) ikkè˙shÏki, ìsshi isshì˙too
ichirùishu ikka˙kyòoiku ichÏkè- ìtsushÏka isshì˙dootai
ichiree°, -ei° ikka˙sàäyoo ikke˙mae° isshÏkì° isshì˙fura˙
ichiretsù° ikka˙suru° ikkè˙ya ìsshÏsoode˙, ìsshi issui°
ichire˙° ikka˙see°, -ei° ìkko soode˙° itsuzuke°
ichire˙takÎshoo° Ikka˙bari° ikkoo° to consider isshÏtsù° issùru°
ichire˙bà˙äoo ìkki ìkkoo° first proof ìsshidooji˙, ìsshi issù˙ one sun
ichìro ìkkiichiyuu, ikkòo° troup dooji˙° (measure, n.)
ichiroo° ìkki ichiyuu° ikkoo°, ichÏkoo° isshaku° issu˙° one sun
Ichiròo° ikkìuchi ikkòoshuu isshasè˙ri (measure, adv.)
-ìchìroo: Ju˙ìchì- ìkkÏkasee, ìkkÏ ikkokù° ìsshu issù˙saki°
roo kasee° ikkokù isshuu° issu˙nòäare
ichirokugì˙koo ikkÏku° ikkoku° isshùuka˙ issu˙bòoshi
ichirokÎshòobu ìkkÏtoose˙, ìkkÏ ikkokuichìjoo isshùuki ìsse
ichìwaì toose˙° ikkokusè˙ki˙ isshùune˙ issee°, -ei° age, day
ichìwari ikkyakù ikkokumonò° isshukuippa˙°, ìssee°, -ei° first
ichi˙chì ikkyuu° one ikkòji˙ ishÎku° ippa˙° generation
ìtsu when, what rank, one class ikkodate° isshu˙° issèeki, -èi-
time ìkkyuu one of a itsuäoro° isshù˙ka˙ isseeshàäeki, -ei-
ìtsù one person name ikko˙° issho° together isse° ichìdai
itsuu° ikkyùushu° ìssa cilonel ìssho lost book issekì speech
ìkka ikkyùuhi˙° ìssa one of a per- isshoo° one let- isseki° dinner
ìtsÎka ikkyo° son name ter, party
itsÎkà° ìkkyoichidoo, issai° repeatedely ìsshoo old mea- issekinìchoo°
itsÎka° ìkkyo ichidoo° ìssai everything, sure issetsù°
ikkài one time, ikkyoo° all, one year isshòoäai issètsuna
once (n.) ikkyokù old isshookè˙mee, -ei issè˙° (demarca-
ikkai° one time, ikkyoku° itsuzai° isshòozake tion) line
once (adv.) ikkyokÎshuu- issaigàssai isshòobi˙ issè˙ thousand
ikkàise˙ chuu° issaikyoo° isshòomasu isse˙° battle,
ikkàibu˙° ikkyòshu ittòoso- issaku° previous isshokù meal, flash
ikkakù° ku issakù° plan, one color (n.) isse˙mà˙
ikkakùjuu ìkkyoryootoku, idea isshoku° meal, isso°
ikkakÎsè˙ki˙° ìkkyo ryootoku° issakùjitsu one color (adv.) issoo° to stamp
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 103

out, preferably ittsuu° one letter ittokù° ippÏtsù note ippo˙dachi°


issòo° single itsùtsÎki ittokuisshÏtsu° ippÏtsu° line ippò˙ba
layer itsÎtsuäo° itsıtòse ìppyoo (straw) ippò˙bashi
ìssoo one ship itsùtsumuttsu, ittodaru° bagfull ippò˙matsu
or boat itsıtsu- ìtsuna˙doki° ìppyoo° vote ippò˙michi
issokù itsÎtsùmo˙ ìtsùni ippi˙° ippò˙yari
issoku° ìtte shogi move ìtsuninàku ippi˙ryòori ìtsumade
issòkıtobi ìttè single-han- ìtsunomànika ippuìppu ìtsumo
issonokoto° dedly ìppa ippùu° ìtsumonàäara
ìtsuzoya ittee°, -ei° ippai° full ippÎkù ìtsumono
ittai° ittèeji, -èi- ìppai drink, ippuku° itsuwa°
ittàika˙ itterasshài glass of itsubùsu itsuwarì°
ittaizè˙tai° ittekì drop -ìppai all: ìppÎtasai itsuwariäotò°
itsudatsu° itteki° to cast ko˙äetsuìppai itsubu˙° itsuwàru
itta˙° once away ippaiìppai ìppu˙ ìdea, ìdee
ìtta˙ one-thenth ittekòi ippaikìäe˙ ippee°, -ei° ideòrògii
hectare ittetsù° ippàimeshi ippè˙° usual, idetachi°
ittà˙° party, ter- ittehà˙bai ippàiya formal idetàtsu°
minal ittemairimàsÎ ippakù° first as- ippè˙ at once itetsÎku°
icchi° ìtsudèmo trological sign ìppe˙: ìppe˙- idèyu°
ìcchida˙ketsu, itterasshài ippakù night shooni˙ one of itèru
ìcchi da˙ketsu° itte˙° turn lodging (n.) a person name ite˙°
icch˜te˙ ittè˙ point (n.) ippaku° night ippè˙too ide˙°
ìcchÏhà˙kai itte˙° point (adv.) lodging (adv.) ippè˙ni ite˙saki°
icchakù first in ittè˙° speck, ippashi° ìppo idè˙shi
race whole sky ippatsù ippoìppo idè˙shÏkumikae
icchaku° suit ittè˙ki ippatsu° ippoo° informa- ide˙shÏkòogaku
icchuu° itte˙barì° ippa˙° general, tion idè˙shÏtsu
icchùu: icchuu- ìtto ordinary ippòo the other ide˙see°, -ei°
bushi° ittoo° party, group ìppà˙ half, part side ide˙byoo°
icchùuya ittòo° first de- ippa˙uke° ippòoäuchi° ìto
icchoo° short gree, grade ippa˙kàikee, -ei ippootsùukoo ìdo
period ittookÏkà˙shi ippa˙kyòoiku ippooteki° itoàyatsuri
ìcchoo one ittòokoku ippa˙kyòoyoo ippo˙° experien- itòu
sheet, piece of ittòosha ippa˙sh˜tsùmo˙ ced geisha Itoo°
ìcchòo trillion ittòoshoo ippà˙shoku ìppo˙ one, piece, Itoohiròbumi,
icchooisseki°, ittòoshi˙ ippà˙jì˙ point in judo Itoo° Hiròbumi
icchoo° isseki° ittòosee, -ei ippa˙teki° ippònashi ìtoo
icchooitta˙°, ittòosotsu ippa˙tòohyoo ippò˙ka° idoo°
icchoo° itta˙° ittòochi ippa˙muki° ippò˙äi idooè˙äeki
icchoome° ittòohee, -ei ippà˙ro˙ ippo˙zashi° idookèesatsu, -èi-
icchòora ittoobori° ìppi ippo˙jime° idoosàtsuee, -ei
icchòkÎse˙ ittooryuu° ippÏkì one ani- ippo˙jòoshi, itooshìi
itsùtsu, itsıtsu ittòoryooda˙, mal (n.) -˙chòo- itooshìmu
ittsui° ittòo ryooda˙° ippÏki° one ani- ippo˙shòobu idooshì˙koku
ittsùu one-way ittoki° mal (adv.) ippò˙suäi itoòsu°
tra‚c ittokinòäare ippÏkiòokami ippo˙zuri° idooseekookìat-
104 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

su, -ei- idòmu inasaku° inùnèko ihai°


itooyookadoo° itomè° inàsu° inunekobyòoi˙ ibàsho°
itoori° itomèru inazuma° inunoko° ìbashine˙
idoäae° ìtomo inase° inunòhi ihatsu°
itokìrìba itòmono inada° inuhàriko ìhatsu°, èhatsu°
itoku° posthu- itòya inanàki° inubòozaki ibara°
mous influence itoyànaäi inanàku° ìne Ibàraki
ìtoku° virtue “ itòyuu ìnaba inèkari Ibaràk˜ke˙
authority itoyòoji Inabìkari inèkoki ìharasàikaku
itokùzu° itowaku° Inabushi° inemùrì ibarichiràsu°
itòäuchi itowashìi inaho° inemuriù˙te˙ ibàru
itòkuri ina° striped mul- inàmu inemùru iha˙°
itoäùruma let inamènai inoichìba˙ ihà˙sha
itokenài ìna disagree- ìnamono InoueyàsÎshi, ibikì
itòko ment, denial ìnaya Inoue° YàsÎshi ibitsu°
itokodòoshi reply inaràbu inoueryuu° ihyoo°
itokoni° ìnai ìnari Inootadàtaka ibyoo°
idokoro° inaori° inarìzushi inokashirakòoe˙ ibiridàsu°
itokò˙nyaku, -äo- inaorigòotoo Inarichoo° inokashirase˙° ibìru
itosàbaki inaòru inawashìròko inokòzuchi ihi˙°
tosàrae inaka° ìna˙ inokori° ìfu
idoshi° inakakÎsàii inìshiachibu, inokòru ìbu
itoshìi inakakòtoba inishiàchibu inoshÏkàchoo ìfuu° old tradi-
itoshìäo inakazàmurai inishie° inoshìshi tions “
itojìrushi inakashìbai ìnìsharu inoshÏshimùsha customs
itòsuäi inakajimìru inyuu° ìnochi ìfuu dignity
itozùkuri inakajìruko inyoo° inochiäàke° ibukashìi
itòsuji inakazùmai ini˙° ìnochÏkaragara, ibukashìäe
itòzume inakasòdachi ìni˙gu ìnochi karagara° ibukashìmu
itozoko° inakàkko° inì˙joo° inochìäe ibukàru
ìtòtake inakappèe, -èi ini˙tòochi, -òoji inochiäòi° ìbuki
itoteki° inakanàmari inù inochÏshìrazu Ibukiyama°
itòtòri inakabìru inùi° inochìzuna° ifÎku° di‡erent
itonàmi° inakafuu° inuìtto inoch˜torì mother child
itonàmu inakabe˙° inukàki, -kk- inochibìroi ìfÎku clothes
itonoko° inakàma inuki° inochimyòoäa ibùkuro°
idobata° inakamàwari inùku° ìnonakanokawa ibushìäi˙°
idobatakàigi inakamà˙juu inùkuäi zu, ìnonakano ibùsu
idòbee°, -ei° inakamìso inukùboo kawazu° ÌpÎse˙
itohe˙° inakàmichi inuäoya° inofu° ibutsu°
idohòrì inakamùsume inukòro, -kk- inobuta° ìbuni˙gu: ibu-
itomà° inakamono° inukoròshi inobèesho˙ ni˙äudòresu
itòmaki inakàya inuzàmurai inorì ibùru
itomaäòi° inaäara° inujìni° inòru: inorànai, ibu˙°
idòmizu inakaryòori inuzuki° inoròo, inori- ibù˙shi
itòmichi inaäo° inuchÏkÎshòo màsu, inòtte, iheki°
itomìmizu ìnakoto inudoshi° inòreba, inòre iperìtto
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 105

ihe˙° ìmani imootòbu˙ lation iràkÎsa°


ibe˙to° ìmanishÏte imootomùko ìyaku medical iràsÎto°
ìbo ìmanimo imoäayu° treatment irasÎtorèetaa
iboibo° imanouchi° imoäara° iyakıhi˙° iradatashìi
ihoo° imanotokoro° imozashì° ìyakÎ bu˙gyoo° iradachi°
ihookòoi imahÏtòtsu imojòochuu, iyake° iradàtsu
ihòoji˙ imafuu° -shòo- ìyasa no, yes iradatèru
ihoochùusha imamàde imozuru° ìyàsa don't like irasshài: irasshai-
iboäàeru imamadedòori imozurushÏki° iyashì° màse, irasshai-
ìhoku imamekashìi ìmose° iyashìi° màshÏ
iboku° imamòtte imoseyama° iyàsh˜kumo irasshàru
ibòkei, -ee ìmaya imochi°: imo- iyashìmu° Ìra˙
ibòji imayoo° chibyoo° iyashimèru iri° attendance,
ibota°: ibotano- ìmari imodè˙äaku iyashì˙bo°, -oo° beginning
kì, ibotàroo Imawa° imono° iyàsu irì parch
ibòtee, -ei imawashìi imoba˙° iyàdemo òode- iriai°
ibòmai imawari° imohòrì mo, iyademoòo- iriàike˙
iho˙° ìmi meaning imòmushi demo iriùmi
ìma now, today imì to avoid, to imomèeäetsu, iyàni irie°
imà living room hate, to detest -èi- ìyahaya iriäata°
Imai° imiài° imòya iyàho˙, iyahòo˙ irikawaritachÏk
imàichi imiakè° imoyòoka˙ iyamàaku awari°, irika-
ìmaichido° imikòtoba ìmori iyamasaru° wari° tachÏka-
imawashìi imìjìkumo imo˙° iyamàsu° wari°
imauràshima imishi˙° imò˙joo° iyamì° irikawàru
Imaäawayoshì- imizuke° imò˙da˙ iyarashìi iriäuchi°, -kÎ
moto, Imaäa- imizukèru imò˙hi˙° iyaràshÏsa irikòmu
wa° Yoshìmoto imitèesho˙ imo˙bùkuro ìyari˙äu irijìumu, -jùu-
imaäawayaki° imìna° ìya desagree- iyuu° iritàmàäo
imaäoro° imyoo° ment, denial ìyo iritsÎku°
imasara° imi˙° reply iyòiyo iritsÎkèru°
imasaranàäara° imì˙zoku iyà no iyoo° iridòofu
imashìäata° imi˙hoo° iyaiya° unwil- iyoäasuri iritori°
imajinèesho˙ ìmu lingly, reluc- iyoka˙° irihi°
imajibu˙° imùshÏtsu tantly ìyoku iribitari°
imashimè° imei°, -ee° syno- ìyaiya no no! iyosùdare iribitàru
imashimèru° nym iyaiyà shaking irai° request, irifune°
imàsu ìmei°, -ee° will, head in refusal dependence irimajìru
imasÎkòshi dying instruc- (to children) ìrai ever since, irìmame
imada° tions iyàoo° after this irimidarèru
imadàshi ìmèeji iyaòonàshi iràijoo° irimùäi
imadani° imeejiàppu iyagauèni iràishi˙ irimùko°
imachi°: imachi- imeejidàu˙ iyaäaòodemo iraira° irritation irime°
notsÎkì imò iyaäarase° ìraira to get ir- irimoya°
imadeki° imoa˙° iyaäàru ritated irimoyazùkuri
imadoki° imootò iyaki° iraka° Iriya°
imadoyaki° imootòäo iyaku° free trans- Ìraku iriyamàäata
106 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

iryuu° irejie° iroäotòshi iwaiki˙° iwaburo°


iryùhi˙° irezumi° iroäònomi iwaiäotò° iwama°
iryùubu˙° irechiäai° iròzato iwàìzake ìwami
ìryoo° medical irechiäàu irojìkake iwaibàshi ìwamiäì˙za˙
treatment ireba° iroshùusa iwàìbi: oiwàibi iwamuro°
ìryoo clothing irebana° irojiro° iwaimòno: iwa- Iwamoto°
iriyoo° irefuda° irozùku wànai, iwaòo, Iwamotòchoo
iryook˜kài irebòkuro irozùke° iwaimàsu, i- iwaya°
iryookìäu ireme° irozukèru wàtte, iwàeba, iwayama°
iryòohi iremono° irozùri° iwàe iwayùru
iryòohi˙° ireru° to put in, irochìäai iwaènoäu iware°
ìryoku to hire: irenai°, irochòoku iwao° iwarei˙ne˙°
iru° to need: ireyòo, iremà- irotsÎki° iwakàäe° iwànya
iranai°, irimà- su, irete°, irerè- iroppòi iwakàdo° i˙° rhyme
su, itte°, irèba ba, irerò iròtsuya iwàka˙ ì˙ seal, postmark
iru° to be, to irèru to be irri- irodomè° ìwaki -i˙: daiäakùin,
stay: iranai°, tated, to be irotòmesode ìwaku° reason, kaishài˙
iyòo, imàsu, roasted irodori° history inìo˙
ite°, irèba, irò irò-iro°: sakurairo° irodòru ìwaku to say inì˙°
ìru to roast: irà- iroài° ironàoshi: oiro- iwakùtsÎki ìnu
nai, iròo, iri- iròaku nàoshi Iwàkura Tòmo- inutsu°
màsu, ìtte, ìre- iroàäè ironùki° mi, Iwakuratò- inee°, -ei°
ba, ìre iroazàyaka iròha momi i˙ka° ignition
ìru to shoot: iroasèru irohàuta iwakenài ì˙ka Dharma
ìnai, iyòo, imà- iroàwase irohaäàruta iwashi° transmission
su, ìte, ìreba, ìro iroito° irohaju˙° iwashiäùmo i˙äa° print
ìrui iroiro° iròmachi iwashìmizu ì˙äa cause “
iruka° iroe° iromura° Iwàshiro e‡ect
irùsu° iroè˙pÏtsu iròme iwazumòäàna ì˙äai
Irumàäawa iroo° iromè iwaseru° i˙äàida˙
iruminèesho˙ iròokai iromèäane iwataòbi ì˙äaoohoo, ì˙äa
ireaäèru irookyùuka iromèku ìwate oohoo°
iree°, -ei° iròoki˙° iròmono Iwatèke˙ i˙äakà˙kee, -ei
irèesai, -èi- iroochì° iromòyoo iwàdèmo i˙äàshi
ireetoo°, -ei- iroòtoko iroyakè° iwato° i˙kashokùbutsu
irekae° iroò˙na iroyòi iwatokàäura i˙kàte˙
irekàèru iròka irori° iwatokèeki, -èi- i˙äàritsu
ireäami° iròäami iroribata° iwana° i˙kà˙°
irekawari° irogàrasu irorìbi Iwanami° i˙ka˙shòomee,
irekawaritachÏ- iroäàwari irowakè° iwanuäahanà -ei
kawari° irok˜chìäai iro˙° iwanòbori i˙ki°
irekawàru iroäuro° iro˙na° iwaba° rocky ì˙äi
irègyuraa irokè iwà stretch i˙kikÎsài
ireäe° irokèshi° iwaana° ìwàba so to i˙kyo°: goi˙kyo°,
ireko° irokezùku iwài: oiwai° speak, as it goi˙kyosàma,
irekomi°, ireäomi° iròkoi iwàìuta were -samà
irekòmu iròäoto° iwaiäi iwahada° i˙äyòo
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 107

i˙kyoku° i˙shuu° i˙taizùmoo i˙bàifu i˙wai°


i˙kyoshìäoto i˙shuù˙te˙ i˙tàizoo ì˙pakÎto uiikuè˙do
i˙kyojo° i˙ju˙° ì˙tàbyuu i˙bako° uìikùdee
i˙äì˙° i˙ju˙kosoku° ì˙chi inch i˙banuma° uiikÎpòi˙to
i˙äi˙bùree, -ei i˙shoo° ì˙chi°, -ì˙chi ar- i˙bà˙nesu uìikurii
ì˙ku° i˙shooshùäi rest, custudy: i˙ba˙ uìi˙, wìi˙
i˙kıkeshi i˙shoozukèru goì˙chi i˙ba˙ya° uiuishìi
i˙kusÎtà˙do i˙shooteki° ì˙chÏki° ì˙bi uiäo°
i˙kıtsubo i˙shooha° ì˙choo ì˙bu ùìza˙
Ì˙gura˙do ì˙shoku i˙diapèepaa, i˙ferioritiko˙pu uiji˙°
i˙kee°, -ei° i˙shòkıte˙ -dia˙p- rèkkÎsu uìsıkii
i˙ke˙° i˙shokùbutsu ì˙dìa˙ i˙fòomaru uìtto
ì˙äe˙ i˙shi˙° ì˙dio i˙foomudokò˙- ùi te˙pe˙
i˙äè˙mame ì˙shi˙fÎtsuu° i˙tetsu° se˙to ùimaäo°
ì˙ko i˙sùu i˙dèkkÎsu i˙foomèesho˙, -èi- Uiriamutèru
i˙äo° i˙zùu i˙teri°, i˙teri- i˙pıtto uìrusu, bìirusu
i˙koo° i˙suubù˙kai gè˙cha i˙fura° uiroò°
i˙äòo° former ì˙sÎtà˙to i˙tèria ì˙purà˙to ui˙kaa°
emperor i˙sÎta˙toshòkÎ- i˙tèrije˙su i˙furuè˙za uì˙ku
ì˙äòo karma, hi˙ i˙terusàtto i˙fure°, i˙furèe- uì˙äu
causation, i˙sÎta˙toràame˙ i˙te˙° sho˙ uì˙taa
merciless i˙sÎtòoru i˙de˙° i˙purèssho˙ ui˙taasÎpòotsu
i˙kòosu i˙sÎtoràkÎtaa i˙dè˙ki i˙bu˙° uì˙chi
i˙koku° i˙sÎpirèesho˙ ì˙do i˙pee°, -ei° uì˙doo°
i˙zai° i˙shuri˙°, -su- i˙dòa° i˙boo° ui˙dooshòppi˙-
i˙sàidaa i˙sùru i˙too° i˙bòoda˙ äu, -dosh-
i˙satsu° i˙see°, -ei° i˙dòo i˙pòoto ui˙doburèekaa
i˙sàtsıki i˙zee°, -ei° i˙toku° ì˙pote˙tsu uì˙na, uì˙naa
i˙satsùäyoo i˙seejìdai, -ei- i˙tokùzai° i˙po˙° ui˙nakòohìi
i˙satsıkoo i˙seki° assuming i˙tokubùsshi i˙metsu° ui˙nasòoseeji
i˙satsùjutsu responsibility i˙dosàràsa i˙moo° uusÎtaasòosu
i˙satsujò° ì˙seki° meteorite I˙doshìna ì˙yu° uusÎtèddo
i˙satsùbutsu i˙sekÏkà˙kee, -ei I˙dòji˙ i˙yoo° quota- uuma˙rìbu
i˙satsuya° i˙sekijìshoku i˙dotètsùäaku tion, citation, uuriinàiro˙
i˙sa˙° i˙setsu° i˙tonèesho˙ potable ùuru
i˙shi° i˙ze˙° I˙donèshia, -iya ì˙yoo positive “ uurumàaku
ì˙shi i˙sotsu° i˙dòyoo negative uurò˙cha
i˙ji° i˙sòtsısha i˙toro° i˙yooshò° ue° top, summit
i˙jìki ì˙taa, i˙taachè˙- i˙to˙sèekatsu, -èi- inyòosui uè above, hunger
i˙shÏtsu° ji ì˙naa° i˙ra˙° uèitaa, uèe-
ì˙ja i˙taanàshonaru ì˙nai i˙ritsu° uèetoresu, wèi-
i˙shu° drinking i˙taanètto i˙naikà˙se˙ i˙ryòo ueeto°
ì˙shu abbot i˙taafèesu i˙niku° i˙ryòosui ueetorìfÎti˙äu
i˙ju° temple chief i˙tàafo˙, i˙tà- i˙nè˙° ì˙ryoku uèebu
ì˙ju shade tole- ho˙ i˙ne˙zukù° i˙ree°, -ei° uekae°
rant tree, rib- i˙tàa˙ i˙bai° i˙reki° uekàèru
bon i˙tai° i˙bàikÎtsu i˙ròo ùeki°
108 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

uekìbachi woorùäai, uoo- uki° float, buoy ukè° good luck ukewatashi°
uekiya° uoäashi° ùki rainy season streak ùge˙°
uekomi° uokasu° ukiaäàru ukè reputation, ùäo
uekòmu uoäòkoroareba ukiashi° reception uäoonoshùu
ùèsama mizuäòkoro, ukiashidàtsu ukeai° uäokàsu
uèshÏta uoäokoroàreba- ùkiùki ukeàu uäokì
uejinì° mizuäokoro ukiäashi° ukei°, -ee° ugokidasu°
Uèsuäi Kè˙shi˙ uòkka ukikÎsa° ukeire° uäokimawàru°
uèsÎta˙ uòcchi˙äu ukikÎsakàäyoo ukeeretàisee, uäòku: uäokà-
uèsÎto° uonomè° ukiäùmo° ukei-, -ei nai, uäòkoo,
UesÎtomì˙sÎ- uò˙bi˙ ukiäoshi° ukeirèru° uäokimàsu, u-
taa, WesÎto- ùka ukÏshìzumi° ukeuri° äòite, uäòkeba,
Ueda° ukai° ukÏshima° ukeòi° uäòke
Uedaakìnari, uäai° ukÏsu° ukeòìshi uäokèru
Ueda° Akìnari uäaiäùsuri ukidashi° ukeòu ùkosabe˙
uetsuäata, ùkauka ukidàsu ukèäuchi, -kÎchi ugomekàsu
uetsÎkata ukagai° ukÏtàtsu ukekotae° uäomèku
uetsÎke° ukagau° ukidèru ukèzara° uko˙°
uetsÎkèru ukasareru° ukidòkku ukèshò ùko˙: ùko˙no
uètto ukashi° ukìna° ukedàsu tachibana°, ù-
uettosùutsu ukasu° ukini° ukèdachi° ko˙notaachi-
uedi˙äukèeki ukaseru° ukibùkuro uketamawari° bana
uedi˙äudòresu ukatsu° ukÏfune° uketamawàru° ùsa
Ueno° uäàtsu ukibori° uketsuäi° usaäi°
ùeno ùkatoose˙, ùka ukimi° uketsùäu usaäiäoya°
Uenòeki toose˙° ukime° uketsÎke° usaäitobi°
Uenokòoe˙ ukanukao° ukiyo° uketsÎkèru° usahachìma˙
Uenodoobutsùe˙ ukabareru° ukiyòe° uäetsumonoäàta usabàrashi
webu° ukabiaäàru ukyoku° ri usa˙°
uèfàasu ukabu°: ukaba- ukiyozòo˙ uketè° usa˙kÎsài
uebòosoo nai°, ukabòo, ukiyòdoko° uketomèru° ushi° cow
ueru°: uenai°, ue- ukabimàsu, u- ukiyobànashi uketori° ùshi tooth decay
yòo, uemàsu, ue- ka˙de°, ukabè- ukiyobùro° uketorìni˙° ‰ji
te°, uerèba, uerò ba, ukabè ukiwa° uketòru ujì
ue˙° ukabusè° uku°: ukanai°, ukenaäashi° -uji: Tanakàuji,
uo° ukaberu°: ukabe- ukòo, ukimàsu, ukenaäàsu° Kùrodàuji
uòìchi nai°, ukabeyòo, uite°, ukèba, ukeni˙° ùjiuji
uoìchiba ukabemàsu, u- ukè ukeharai° ushio°
uòoki˙äu kabete°, ukabe- uäui° ukèmì ushiòi°
wòokuma˙, uòo- rèba, ukaberò uäùisu ukemochi° ushiojìru
uoosàoo, ùoo sàoo ukàru uäuisuiro° ukemòtsu ushioni°
wootaashuuto, ukaredàsu Uäuisudani° ukemodoshi° ushÏkài°
uoo- ukaredèru uguisubari° ukemodòsu ushÏkata°
wootaaporo, uoo- ukareru° uguisùmame ukèru: ukènai, ujìäami°
woomi˙äuàppu, ùäa˙° uguisumochi ukeyòo, ukemà- ushiäàmisàma
uoo- Ugà˙da Ukuràina su, ùkete, ukè- Ujiäawa°
woomuàppu, uoo- ukà˙muri ukurere° reba, ukèro ushiäùruma
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 109

ujiko° usuaka° uzutakài ùso utaäòkoro


ujikòjuu usuakài° usÎcha° uzòomùzoo utazàimo˙
Ushiäome° usuàkari° usude° usosamùi° utazawa°: utaza-
ushiäoya° usuaäe° usudoki°, usÎto- usòji° wabushi°
ujishùui: uji- usuaji° usudorì° usòtsÎki ùtata°
shuuimonoäà- usui° thin, light, usuniku° usoppàchi° utatane°
tari pale: usıkatta, usunezu°: usunè- usonaki° ùdatsu°
ùjisujoo usÎku°, usùkÎ- zumi° ùsonokawa utàbito°
ushidoshi° te, usıkereba, usunori° ùso hakkè˙ki utàhime°
ushÏ usùshÏ usunoro° ùsohappyaku, utamàkura
ushinau° ùsui one of a usuba° ùso happyakù Utamaro°:
ushinotokimàiri family name usubaka° usobùku Kitaäawa°
ushinohì usuita° usubakaäèroo uso˙ko° Utamaro°
ushimitsu° usuitòoäe usubi° utà: outa° utayòmi°
ushimitsùdoki° usuiro° usubettai° utaàwase udàru
ujìmushi usuusu° usubeni° utai° uchi° the inside,
ùjauja ùzuuzu usuberi° utaiäòe before
‰jiyàmada usuäàsumi uzùmaki udàishoo uchì home
ùshoo°, ùjoo° usÎkawa° uzumàku udàiji˙ uchiai°
ushiro° usuäi° usumaru° utaizome° uchiàu
ushiroàkari ùzuki uzumaru° utaite° uchiaäe°
ishiròashi° usuäitanài° usumìdori utaime° uchiakebànashi
ushiròkàäe usuäìnu° uzumìbi utaimono° uchiaäehànabi
ushirokàkkoo usÎkimiwarùi, usumuràsaki utaimò˙ku uchiakèru°
ushiròäami° -kki- usume° utau°: utawanai°, uchiaäeru°
ushiroäawa° usuäiri° usumèru° utaòo, utaimà- uchiatèru°
ushiroäurài° uzùku uzumeru° su, utatte°, utaè- uchiami°
ushirosàäari usukÎchi° usumono° ba, utaè uchiawàsu°
ushirosùäata usukÎchijòoyu, usumomoiro° utaùtai uchiawase°
ushirodatè° usukΰ chishòoyu uzumorèru° utàkai° uchiawasèru°
ushirode° uzukumàru usuyaki° utaäai° uchiiri°
ushirohachìmaki usuäùmo° usuyuki° utakaihàjime uchiìwai
ushiròhaba usuäùmori° usuyoo° utaäaibukài uchìuchi°
ushiròmae usuäumòru usuyoäorèru° utaäau° uchiùmi°
ushiròmaku° usuäurài° uzura° utakata° uchiotòsu°
ushiròmi usÎkùraäari° usuraàkari utaäàruta uchioròsu°
ushiromìgoko usuäèshoo usurài° utaäawashìi° uchÏkaeshi°
ushiromuki° usuäòori usuràäu° Utaäawa Toyò- uchÏkàesu°
ushirometài usÎsa° usurasamùi° kuni uchÏkàkÎshi
ushiròyubi° usuji° usuràbi° utàäuchi° uchÏkake°
Ushiwakàmaru usujio° uzuràmame utakùrabe uchiäake°
ùsu-usu°: kino- uzùshio° usurèru° utaäuri° uchÏkàzari
riusu°, nozo- usujimo° usuwàrai° utaäurippòi uchiäàshi
miusu° usuzùkuri usetsu° utaäuribukài uchÏkata°, ouchÏ-
ùzu usuzumi° usemono° utaäuru° kata the inside
usuao° usuzumiiro° usèru° utaäe° uchÏkàtà the
usuaòi° usÎtaasòosu ôze˙ utaäòe° way to hit (a
110 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ball) uchÏtokèru° uchùufÎku utsÎtsù° udekÏkì°


uchÏkàtsu uchidòkoro° uchuuyùuee, -ei° uttè° udeäùmi°
uchiäama° uchidome° uchuuryòkoo ùttekakaru udekùrabe
uchÏkàbuto uchÏtomèru° uchòote˙ ùttekawaru udezukù°
uchiäari° uchÏtòru uchiyosèru° uttetsÎke° udezùmoo
uchiäawa° uchinaoshi° uchiwa° family, ùttederu udezòroi
uchÏki° reser- uchinaòsu° private uddo° udetatèfÎsè
ved, shy uchiniwa° uchìwa round uttooshìi udetàmàäo
uchÏki°, uchiäi° uchinuki° paper uttòri udedàmeshi
Heian period uchinùku uchiwaku° Utsunomiya° udekkokì°
count, clothing uchinohÏtò uchiwake° Utsunomiyàshi udeppÎshì°
uchÏkìzu° uchinomèsu° uchiwaäè˙ka utsubyoo° udedòkei, -ee
uchÏkiri° uchinomonò uchìwata utsubushi° ùtena°
uchÏkìru uchinori° uchiwadàiko utsubùsu°, uppùsu udenamì°
uchÏkì˙° uchinòru uchiwàtashi° utsubuse° udemàe°
uchÏkudàku° uchiba° uchiwabànashi uppu˙° udemàkura
uch˜kùbi uchÏhatàsu° uchiwamome° uppu˙bàrashi udemàkuri
uchiäèiko, uchibàrai uchiwàru utsubo° udemàwari
uchiäèeko uchiharàu° ùtsu: utànai, u- utsubokàzura udèru
uchÏkeshi° uchÏhimo tòo, uchimàsu, utsubozàru udewa°
uchÏkèsu uchibìraki ùtte, ùteba, ùte utsubotsu° ùte˙
uchigeba° uchibùtokoro utsuutsu° utsubomonoäà- ùte˙ju˙e˙, ùte˙
uchigè˙ka˙ uchiburo° ukkàri tari ju˙e˙°
uchÏkò uchiberi° ùtsuäi utsumuki° ùdo
uchÏkomi° uchibè˙kee, -ei utsÎkushìi utsumukÏkàäe˙ utòi
uchÏkòmu uchÏpòkètto UtsÎkushiäàhara utsumùku° ùtouto
uchÏkoròsu° uchibori° utsÎkùshÏsa utsumuke° ùtoku°
uchÏkowashi° uchimaku° ukkÎtsu° utsumukèru° udoshi°
uchÏkowàsu° uchimaäo° ukketsu° ùtsuraùtsura utomashìi
Uchisaiwàichoo uchimata° utsÎshì utsurì utòmu
uchijini° uchimàwari utsÎshìe utsurìäa° udo˙°: oùdo˙
uchijuu° uchìmì utsushÏtòru° utsurikawari° udò˙äe
uchÏsuèru° uchìmizu utsùsu: utsısu, utsurikawàru° udo˙ko°
uchizura° uchimuki° utsÎsànai, u- utsurìäi° uto˙jìru
uchizee°, -ei° uchìmono tsÎsòo, utsÎshi- utsuribàshi udo˙ya°
uchisòto uchimòmo° màsu, utsùshÏ- utsurìmi° ùna
Uchida° uchimoràsu° te, utsıseba, u- utsuriyuki° unaäàsu°
uchÏtaosu° uchiyabùru° tsùse utsùru: utsurà- unaäi°
uchidashi° uchiyu° ussùra nai, utsuròo, unaäidò˙buri
uchidàsu ùchuu ussùri utsurimàsu, u- unaäimeshi°
uchÏtatèru° uchuuìäaku usseki° tsıtte, utsùre- unaäiya°
uchitsÎkèru° uchuukàihatsu ussoo° ba, utsùre unasarèru°
uchÏtsuzùku° uchuukàäaku uttàe° utsuro° unaji°
uchÏtsurèru° uchùuji˙ uttaèru° utsuwa° unàjuu
uchÏtè uchuusÎtèesho˙ ucchàrakàsu utsuwamono° unazùku°
utedeshi° uchuuse˙° ucchari° udè unadarèru°
uchidenokòzuchi uchuuhÏkòoshi ucchàru udèäi° unade˙°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 111

unado˙° umàìchi, ˙màìchi umì pus Umeki°, ^m- uyamuya°


unàbara° ùmauma umiotòsu umekì, ˙m- uyuu°
unarì umaòi°, ˙m- umìkaze umekiäòe, ˙m- ùyouyo
unariäòe umaòimushi, ˙m- umiäame° umekizàiku, ùyokyokÎsetsu,
unàru umaäàeshi, ˙m- umiäawa ˙m- ùyo kyokÎsetsu°
ùni umakàtà, ˙m- umìji° umèku, ˙m- ùyoku
unubore° umakÎchi°, ˙m- umìzuki° umekÎsa°, ˙m- uyokudà˙tai
unuborèru° umaäoya°, ˙m- umizuri° ‰meko, ömeko urà
unè umazume°, ˙m- ùmise˙yamase˙° umekòmu, ˙m- -ura: hiäashìura,
ùneune umazura°, ˙m- umidàsu umeäòyomi, ˙m- wakanòura,
unerì umadoshi°, ˙m- umitate° umeshu°, ˙m- fÎtamiäàura
unèru umatòbì, ˙m- umitsÎkèru umezu°, ˙m- uraami°
ùnoke umanì°, ˙m- umìdori umezuke°, ˙m- urauchì°
ùnohana umànushi, um- uinarì° Umeda°, ^meda° uràume, -˙me
unomì° umanùsubito, umineko° umetate°, ˙m- ùraura
ùnometakano- ˙m- ùminoie umetatèchi, ˙m- uraeri°
me, ùnome ta- umanoashì, ˙m- uminooyà umetatèru, ˙m- uraomote°
kanome° umanohonè, ˙m- uminoko° umetsÎkùsu, ˙m- Uraäa°
ùha umanòri°, ˙m- ùminosachi umetsÎchi°, ˙m- urakàidoo
ùba umàbae, ˙m- umibìraki umenòki, ˙m- uraäàeshi
ubaiai° umamàwari, ˙m- umibè° umebachi°, ˙m- uraäàesu
ubaiàu° umamì°, ˙m- umihebi° umebìshio, ˙m- uraäàeru
ubaikàesu° umareochìru,˙m- umibòozu umeboshi°, ˙m- uraäakì°
ubaitòru° umarekawari°, umihòozuki umeboshìame, uraäasùidoo
ubàu: ubawànai, ˙m- umihòtaru ˙m- urakata°
ubaòo, ubaimà- umarekawàru, ùmiyama umeboshibabàa, uraäanashìi°
su, ubàtte, ˙m- umiyori° ˙m- uraäane°
ubàeba, ubàe umarekòkyoo, ˙m- umiwakèru umemì°, ˙m- uragarèru°
ubaäùruma umarèzuki°, ˙m- umu° to have a umemòdoki, ˙m- uraäawa°
ubazàkura umaresodàtsu, baby: ˙manai°: umeru°, ˙m-: urakido°
ubasÎte° ˙m- umòo, ˙m-, u- umenai°, ume- urakìmo˙
ùbu umaretate°, ˙m- mimàsu, u˙de°, yòo, umemàsu, uraäirì°
ubuäì° umaretsÎki°, ˙m- umèba, ˙m-, u- umete°, umerè- uraäirimonò°
ubuäe° umarèdoshi°, ˙m- mè, ˙mè ba, umerò uraäìru
ubuäòe° umarenàäara°, ùmu to be tired umewaka°, ˙m- uraäuchi°
ubusuna°: ubu- ˙m- of: umànai, Umewakàmaru, uraäuchièiäyoo,
sunasàmà umaremotsÎkà- ˙m-, umimàsu, ^me- -ièe-
ubusunàäami nu, ˙m- ù˙de, ùmeba, umewakaryuu°, uraäòe°
ubùyu° umareru°, ˙m- ùme, ûme ˙m- uraäòshi°
ùhe˙ (all with ˙m-˚ ume° (˙me°) plum umewari°, ˙m- urasaku°
ùhoo too): umare- ‰me ùmoo° urazàshÏki
umà, ˙mà nai°, umareyòo, umeawàsu, ˙m- umoobùto˙ urasabishìi°
umài, ˙mài: ù- umaremàsu, u- umeawase°, ˙m- umorèäi°, ˙m- uraji°
makatta, ùma- marete°, umare- umeawasèru, ˙m- umoreru°, ˙m- Uràshima Tàroo,
ku, ùmakÎte, rèba, umarerò umeäae°, ˙m- uyauyashìi Urashimatàroo
ùmakÎte, ùma- umi° birth Umeäawa Chùu- uyamài° urajòome˙
kereba, ùmashÏ ùmi ocean, sea bee uyamàu urajiro°
112 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

urazukè° urayàmu uritsÎkèru ure° uwaaäo°


urazukèru urayomi° uritsunaäi° ureashi° uwae°
urasè˙ke urara° urite° urèì, -èè uwaeda°
uradana° ‰raru uriteshìjoo ureiäoto°, -ee- uwaeri°
uratè° Urawà° uritobàsu urèu, uryòo uwaòòi
uradòori urawakài uridome° urèè uwaoki°
uratòrìhÏki urawaza° urìnushi° ureèru uwaäaki°
uranai° urawàshi urine° urekata° uwaäake°
uranàìshi ùra˙ uriba° urikire°, ure- uwaäami°
uranàìsha urà˙kana uriharàu uresaki° uwakawa°
uranàu uri° to merit ùrifÎtatsu ureshìi: urèshÏ- uwaki°
uranàäaya ùri oriental urimono° katta, urèshÏ- uwaäi°
uranari° melon uriya° ku, urèshÏkÎte, uwakimono°
uranihò˙ uriaäe° ùryoo urèshÏkereba, uwaäusuri°
uranyùumu, uriaäekà˙joo uryookei°, -ee° urèshÏ uwakıchìbiru
uranìumu uriaäèki˙° uriwatashi° ureshiäarase° uwaäutsu°
uraniwa° uriaäèdaka uriwatàsu ureshiäàru uwaäoto°
urabànashi uriaäèru uru° to sell: ura- ureshìäe uwasa°
urahara° uriarùku nai°, uròo, uri- urèshÏsa uwasabànashi
urabà˙äumi uriie° màsu, utte°, ureshinaki° uwazaya°
uraburèru° uriisoäi° urèba, urè, ùru ureshinàmida uwashÏki°
uràbo˙° urioshimi° ùru to get, to uresuji° uwajòoshi°
urabò˙e urìkai gain uredàka° uwazùtsumi
uràmachi° urikake° urùu uredàsu uwasùberi°
uramì urikakèki˙° urùuzuki urèta˙° uwazumi°
uramiäamashìi urikata° urùudoshi urekko° uwazùru
uramiäotò° urikìru uruòi° urenokori° uwazee°
uramìgoro urikire° uruòu urenokòru uwazòori
uramijini° urikirèru uruòsu ureyuki° uwachòoshi°
uràmichi° uriäui° uruka° ureru°: urenai°, uwakkawa°
uramìkko urikÎchi° ‰rugùai ureyòo, uremà- uwatsÎku°
uramitsuramì uriko° urusài su, urete°, ure- uwacchòoshi°
uràmu: uramà- uriäòe° urusaäata° rèba, urerò uwattsura°, -atsu-
nai, uramòo, urikòtoba urusaäaru urèru uwappari°
uramimàsu, urikomi° urushi° uro° hollow uwate°
urà˙de, urà- urikòmu urushìe° ùro diversion uwatenaäe°
meba, uràme urisaki° urushÏkàbure ùrouro uwanuri°
uramè° uizaneäào° urushinuri° uroòboe° uwane°
urameshìi urisabàku urushimakè° urokò° uwanose°
urame˙° urishibùru uruchi° urokoäata° uwanosòra
uramo˙° back urizome° urutora° urokoäùmo uwanori°
gate uridashi° urutoràma˙ urotàèru uwaba°
uràmo˙° infor- uridàsu urumàsu ùrochoro uwabaki°
mal crest uritatàku urùmu urotsÎku° uwabami°
Urayasu° uritate° urume°: urumeì- uronùki° uwabari°
urayama° uridame° washi uronùku uwabyòoshì
urayamashìi urichi° uruwashìi uro˙° uwabe°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 113

uwamae°, -ai° u˙tee°, -ei° unyoo° eeäagèejutsu, ei- èeshu, èi-


percentage u˙dee°, -ei° u˙ryòo° eeäajòyuu, ei- eejuu°, ei-
uwamae°, uwa˙- u˙te˙° e° (particle), eeäàji˙, ei- eejùuke˙, ei-
mae° outer skirt u˙tè˙shi handle eeäasÎtàa, ei- eeshoo°, ei-
uwamàbuta u˙te˙sh˜kì˙ è bay, picture, eeäahàiyuu, ei- eejìru°, ei-
uwamawàru° u˙te˙sh˜ho˙ bait, yes, eh!, eeäamonoäàtari, eeshi˙°, ei-
uwamuki° u˙tè˙shu oh! ei- èizu
uwamùku° u˙tè˙seki -è, -e, -e° female eeka˙°, ei- eezùru°, ei-
uwame° u˙te˙dai° name su‚x: èeki, èi- eesei°, eisei°
uwamezùkai u˙te˙mè˙kyo Mitsue°, Shi- eekyuu°, ei- eesèeäaku, eisei-
uwamono° ù˙to° zue°, Torie°, Ha- eekyùushi, ei- eesèekoku, eisei-
uwaya° u˙doo° nàe, ‰mie eekyuusee°, ei- eeseesh˜soo, eisei-
uwayaku° u˙dòoi˙ èa, èaa, èya, eekyoo°, ei- eeseejo°, eisei-
uwaru° u˙dooka° èyaa eeäyoo°, ei- eeseechùukei,
ù˙ u˙dòokai ea(a)kàate˙, eeäyooà˙nai, ei- eisei-
u˙ee°, -ei° u˙dòoäi eya(a)kàate˙ eeäyòosha, ei- eeseechùuritsu°,
ù˙ka u˙dookyòoäi ea(a)ko˙°, eeäyoosho°, -jo°, ei- eisei-
ù˙äa u˙dòoäutsu eya(a)ko˙° eeäyooteeshi°, ei- eiseichuuritsıko
u˙kai° u˙doosh˜kì˙ eazòoru eeäyoonùshi, ei- ku, eesee-
ù˙ki u˙dooshàtsu ea(a)tàamina- eeäyòohi, ei- eeseeteki°, ei-
u˙kyuu° u˙doojoo° ru, eya(a)tàa- eeäyòobu, ei- eeseetòshi, ei-
ù˙kee, -ei u˙doosh˜˙kee, -ei minaru eeäyooyoo°, ei- eesèehee, eisèi-
ù˙ko u˙doosè˙shu ea(a)basu, eekyòoryoku, ei- eeseehòosoo, eisei-
u˙koo° u˙dooba° eya(a)basu eeketsu°, ei- eeze˙°, ei-
u˙za° u˙dòohi ea(a)bàggu, eeke˙°, ei- eezè˙hi, ei-
u˙zàri u˙dòobu eya(a)bàggu èeko, èi- eesoo°, ei-
u˙za˙° u˙dòofÎku ea(a)burèeki, eeäo°, ei- eezoo°, ei-
u˙sa˙mushoo°, u˙doobùsoku° eya(a)burèeki eekoo°, ei- eezòobutsu, ei-
u˙sa˙° mushoo° u˙dòoryoo ea(a)pokètto, eekòoda˙°, ei- eezoku°, ei-
‰˙shuu ù˙tokosho eya(a)pokètto eekoku°, ei- eezokusee°, ei-
u˙shuumìka˙ ‰˙na˙ ea(a)mèeru, eekokùji˙, ei- eetai°, ei-
u˙joo° u˙nu˙° eya(a)mèeru eekokÎfuu°, ei- eetaikyoo°, ei-
u˙jòobito u˙noo°, u˙oo° earobìkÎsu eesai°, ei- eitaikùyoo, ee-
u˙shi˙° ù˙notsÎki, ù˙- eàwase eesaku°, ei-: eesà- eetàibashi, ei-
ù˙sui no tsÎki° èi kubu˙, ei- eetatsu°, ei-
ù˙see, -ei u˙pa˙° èe, èi èeza˙, èi- eeta˙°, ei-
‰˙ze˙ u˙pÏtsu° èei, èii èeshi, èi- eeda˙°, ei-
u˙soo° u˙pyoo° eeee°, eiei° eeji°, ei- eeda˙chÏkàtetsu,
u˙sòogyoo u˙pÎte˙pu° eie˙°, ee- èeji, èi- ei-
u˙soose˙° u˙màkase èeka, èi-: goèeka, eejishì˙bu˙, ei- èichi, èe-
u˙sòote˙ ù˙mee, -ei -èi- eejihàppoo, ei- eichiaibùi
u˙sooya° u˙mèero˙, -èi- eeäa°, ei- eesha°, ei- projec- eetee°, ei-
u˙dàmeshi u˙meerò˙sha, -ei- eekàiwa, ei- tion eete˙°, ei-
ù˙chi ù˙mo, ù˙bo eeäaka°, ei- èesha, èi- bar- èito, èe-
u˙chÏku° ù˙yu° eeäàka˙, ei- racks eene˙°, ei-
ù˙cha˙ u˙yua˙zeniì˙kai eeäakà˙toku, ei- eeshàki, ei- eene˙kì˙zoku, ei-
ù˙chi˙ u˙yùshoo eekaku°, ei- eeshàmaku, ei- eenoo°, ei-
114 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

eebi˙°, ei- eederuwàisu ekide˙° èjiso˙ edaha°


eebu˙°, ei- eeba˙° ekide˙kyòosoo EijipÎto° edaburi°
eebu˙ka°, ei- eebiishìi, ei- ekÏtoo èshaku edamachi°
eebu˙tàipu, ei- eepurirufùuru ekidome° èsharòtto etarìäao°
eebù˙poo, ei- èeme˙° ekibasha° èshi˙: èshi˙soozu ètari kashÏkòshÏ
eehee°, eihei° èeru èkÏhi° èsu edawàkare
èebee°, èibei° èäao° ekìbyoo° èzu Echiopia°
èeheeji, èihei- ekakì ekibiru° esuefu° èchÏkètto
eebetsu°, ei- ekakìuta ekibe˙° esueru° èchìgo
eehoo°, ei- eäakidàsu° ekibe˙dàiäaku esuòoèsu echigojì˙
eemai°, ei- eäàku ekimàe° esùäata Echìze˙
eemi˙°, ei- eäatài ekimaehìroba esÎkàrugo èchùudo
eemee°, eimei° eäara° ekimachi° esÎkarèetaa echiruàrukooru
eemo˙°, ei- eäarappòi ekimee°, -ei° esÎkarèeto èchire˙
eeyaku°, ei- ekà˙ba˙ èkiri esÎkìmoo ètsu°
eeyuu°, ei- eki° divination, èkiro ezùku ekkyoo°
eeyo°, ei- fortune-telling ekiwàtashi ezukè° ekkyoonyùuäaku
eeyoo°, ei- èki benefit, Ekuàdoru esÎkèepu èkkÎsu
eeyooèeäa, e‡ect, station eäùi, eäòi esÎkòoto ekkÎsuse˙°
eiyooèi- èki, -eki station: ekusÎpùresu, esusàizu ekke˙°
eeyooäàkkoo, ei- teeshàeki, tei-, ekisÎpù- èsÎte: esÎtetikkÎ- ejji°
eeyòoshi, ei- Kyootòeki eguzèkÎtibu sàro˙ essùru°
eeyoosh˜cchoo, ei- ekìi˙° èkubo esunìkku essèìsÎto
eeyoobùsoku, ei- ekiuri° eäuridàsu° esuba˙° èssee
eeyoofùryoo, ei- ekÏka° eäùru esÎpìi èsse˙su
eeyòobu˙, ei- ekiäaku° ekurea° esÎpuri° ècchi
eeyòree, eiyòrei ekÏki˙° eäetsunài esÎpurèsso ecchibìi
eirì° ekizai° èko esÎperà˙to ècchuu
eeriäàisha, ei- ekÏsàiti˙gu ègo, èäo ezùme˙ Ecchuu Jima°
eerijìäyoo, ei- èkÏsàito egoìsÎto èso ècchira, ò-
eeryoo°, ei- èkisha egoìzumu èzo ècchi˙äu°
eeri˙°, ei- ekÏsha° èkoo ezòo ettoo°
eeri˙shò°, ei- ekÏshoo° ekòoi˙ ezòoshi ettooshÏkì˙
eeree°, eirei° ekijoo° eäòkoro ezòäiku etsudoku°
eewa°, ei- ekijookagè˙shoo ekoji°, i- ezòmatsu etsune˙°
eewajìsho, ei- èkÏsu ekòtoba esoràäoto° E‡erutoo°
eewajìte˙, ei- ekìsÎtòra ekònomii eda° eppee°, -ei°
eeiidìi ekisÎpàato ekonomiikùrasu etai° eppèeshÏki, -èi-
eeòo ekisÎpà˙daa ekonomìsÎto edauchì° etsùbo
èekaa ekÏsùru ekobàggu edaùtsuri etsuraku°
eekyuu° ekÏse˙torìkku ekohìiki edaäawa° etsura˙°
eekùrasu ekizochÏshìzumu eäòyomi edaäàwari etsurà˙shÏtsu
eeäèkai ekizoch˜kku ekòrojii edaäe° etsurà˙sha
èeje˙to ekÏtai° esà° edàko etè
èesu ekÏtaigàsu esàäashi Edajima° èditaa
eetiièmu ekÏtaikùuki èshi edazumi° etekàtte
èeteru° ekÏchuu° èjikì etanòoru etekòo
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 115

èteshÏte° ebamìruku emupìi erishi˙° è˙ka°, è˙äe°


edèho˙ ebamòyoo emubòta˙ erìtake è˙ka
ède˙ èbara emeràrudo erìtsÎkè e˙kai°
edè˙raku ebi° èmoiwaresu eridòmè e˙äai°
eto° ehìäàsa èmòji erinuki° e˙kàiäyo
Edo° ebiäani° emonò° erinùku e˙kaigyòäyoo
edoòmote ebÏkyùria˙ emonoäàtari erìbaba e˙kaikòoro
Edoäawa° ebijoo° emo˙° erìmaki e˙kaku°
EdoäawàKu Ebisu°: EbisÎsamà emò˙kake erimòto° e˙kàkıshi
Edoäawàbashi ebisùäao° emò˙zao eriwakèru° È˙äakuji
Edoäawa° ebisÎkoo° amò˙dake erì˙äi e˙kakÎsèigyo, -èe-
Rà˙po, èpÏsòodo eyoo° èru, yòru e˙kakÎsòosa
Edoäawarà˙po ebicha° eyooèeäa, -èi- erueru° e˙kàshi
etokì èp˜kku era° erusàizu e˙katsu°
edokìriko ebifùrai èraa Erusarubàdoru e˙kanatorìumu,
ètoku° èhime eraana° Erusàremu -ryùumu
Edojìdai Ehimèke˙ erài: èrakatta, è- erudiikèe e˙kabinìiru
Edòjoo èbira° raku, èrakÎte, è- erunìinyo e˙kàbutsu
edozuma° epiròogu rakereba, èrashÏ eruba˙° e˙äawa°
etosètora èfu eraäata°: oeraäa- erupìi e˙kàwase
edosè˙ke efuemu° ta° erupiiba˙° e˙ka
edozome° èfuda eraäàru èrega˙su e˙äa˙°
Edokko° èfude èrasa èrega˙to e˙äa˙kyoo°
Edo BàkÎfu efubiiài erabidàsu° èreki: erèkÏteru e˙äa˙gyòäyoo
Edobù˙äaku èpuro˙° eràbu: erabànai, erekigìtaa e˙äa˙se˙°
Edomae° epuro˙sÎtèeji erabòo, erabi- erekÎtòo˙ e˙ki° postpone-
edomuràsaki epuro˙dòresu màsu, erà˙de, erekÎtoronìkÎsu ment
etorà˙je, -˙ze efuwa˙° eràbeba, eràbe erèkÎtòro˙ è˙ki° base
èna° EberèsÎto erabuta° èrejii è˙ki, ò˙ki 13th
enameru° ehè˙ erabutsu° erebèetaa or later death
ènishi ehoo° erabùru èreme˙to anniversary
enìshida° ehoomàiri eramono° èro: erochìkku, e˙äi° omen
EnueichÏkèe èboshi° erì erotìkku è˙äi acting, per-
enujìi èpòkku èria erokyùusho˙ formance
Enutiitìi epokkumèeki˙äu erìaka°ì èrosu e˙äìsha
enupiiòo eponàito erìashi° erochÏshìzumu, e˙äijoo°
enèrùgii èhoba erìito -tishì- e˙kÏsee°, -ei
enèrugìsshu ehò˙ eriitokòosu è˙, -e˙: yoochìe˙, e˙äìdana°
enoki° èma eriòshiroi koorakùe˙ e˙äinàoshi
enokìdake èmaki erikàzari e˙i˙° e˙äiha°
enoäu° emakìmono° erìkata è˙u e˙äimono°
enoäùbako emadoo° erikatàaki e˙ee°, -ei° e˙kyoku°
enokoròäusa èmì erigami° e˙eki° e˙kyòri
Enoshimà° èmishi erìkubi, -kk- e˙ekÏhoo e˙kirì°
èba èmu eriäuri° e˙e˙° e˙kiridera°
ehàäaki emusàizu eriäonomi° e˙oo° e˙äìryoku
èhatsu°, ì- emuba˙° erishoo° e˙ka° e˙ki˙°
116 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

e˙kì˙ka˙ e˙shuuryuu° e˙tairìsoku è˙bu karòo


e˙kì˙hoo° e˙juku° e˙daka° e˙bùkyoku oaiso°
è˙kin ryooyoo°, e˙shÎtsu° a˙dakasàeki e˙pÎkuka° oainikÎsama°
è˙ki˙ryooyoo e˙shÎtsuka° e˙taku° e˙bujoo° oàkashi
e˙äumì° è˙sho e˙takÎkàiäi e˙bu˙° òàshÏsu
e˙äu˙° è˙jo e˙date° è˙bu˙ oazuke°
e˙äe°, è˙ka° e˙jòi e˙da˙° e˙pu˙° oatsurae°
e˙kee°, -ei° e˙shoo° e˙chaku° e˙pee°, -ei° oatsuraemuki°
e˙äee°, -ei° e˙joo° e˙chuu° e˙pera° oàmari
e˙äèekai, -èi- e˙jìru° e˙choo° e˙pè˙° oi° nephew
e˙äeijoo° e˙shi˙° è˙choo e˙boo° oì° old age
e˙äèeji e˙ji˙° e˙chòose˙° e˙pòo° òì ehi!
e˙äeejirì˙äu e˙shi˙bu˙rìki e˙choku° e˙po˙° oiaäèru
e˙äeki° e˙shì˙ryoku e˙tsùzuki è˙ma: è˙masama oiuchi°
e˙äerukèesùu, e˙sui° circular e˙tee°, -ei° è˙maku oie°
-èi- cone e˙di˙gu° e˙makòoroäi oiègee, -ä-
è˙äerusu è˙sui° salt water, e˙tè˙° è˙madaioo, oiesòodoo
E˙äè˙° brine e˙de˙° è˙ma daioo° oieryuu°
è˙ko è˙zui e˙tè˙ka e˙machoo° oiòi°
è˙äo e˙suikee°, -ei° e˙te˙katsudatsu°, e˙madoo° oiotòsu
e˙kooki˙koo° e˙zùku e˙te˙° katsuda- e˙ma˙° oikàesu
è˙äoku° e˙zukèru tsu° è˙mu oìkaze°
e˙kòsha e˙sÎto° è˙do e˙mùsubi oiki°, -äi°
e˙äoshàäeki e˙zùru° e˙too° e˙mee°, -ei° oikÎtsu°
e˙ko˙° e˙see°, -ei° e˙doo° by the e˙moku° oikura°
è˙sa e˙seeka°, -ei- roadside enyasu° oiäo°
e˙za° e˙seeteki°, -ei- è˙doo pea enyùukai oiäoe°
e˙zai° e˙seki° e˙dòòi enyoo° oikoshi°
e˙saikuropèdia e˙zetsu° e˙tookee°, -ei° enyoogyòäyoo oikòsu
e˙sakì° e˙zètsıkai e˙dòomame enyookòokai oikomi°
e˙sàdame è˙jeru, è˙ze- è˙doku° e˙raì oikòmu
e˙sa˙° e˙zerufìsshu e˙totsu° è˙ryakujì oisaki°
e˙za˙° e˙se˙° è˙torii e˙ryo°: goe˙ryo° oisarabaèru
e˙shi° e˙ze˙° è˙doresu è˙ryo oishii°
e˙ji° dark red è˙so è˙nai e˙ryobukài oishiäèru°
è˙ji nursery e˙soo° è˙nichi: goè˙- è˙rui òisÎtaa
child e˙zoo° è˙netsu° e˙rùise˙° oìsesama
e˙shiäa˙° e˙sooka° e˙ne˙nomai° e˙ree°, -ei° oìsesa˙
e˙jìnia, -iya e˙sòokai e˙noo° e˙rèeto oise˙°
è˙ja e˙sòoshÏtsu è˙nogyòoja è˙ro oisoäashii°
e˙shàkka˙ e˙sòosha è˙nòshÏta ò òisoreto
è˙shu e˙sòoba e˙ba˙° -o°: Kazuo°, Shizuo° òìta
e˙ju° e˙soku° e˙ba˙naäe° -o: nakùo, yòmuo oidaki°
e˙shuu° e˙taatèinaa è˙pi -o°, -o: torio°, ha- oidashi°
è˙shuu e˙taatèime˙to e˙pÏtsu° nào, àmeo oidàsu
e˙shùunada e˙tai° e˙pÏtsukèzuri -o: nakòo, yomòo, oitachi°
e˙shùuritsu e˙daie˙tairìshi e˙bìfÎku akakaròo, shiro- oitate°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 117

oitatèru ouma°, o˙ma° ooìbiki ooäanè° HÏkozàemo˙


oichiràsu oèkaki Ooìmachi ooäanemòoke Ookumashiäèno
oìtsu owarètsu oèshÏki° OoimachÏse˙° ooäànèmochi bu, Ookuma°
oitsıku oetsu° ooirì° ookàbuki Shiäènobu
oikko° oedo° ooiribùkuro òokami ookurajìka˙
oitsumèru oeraäata° ooirima˙i˙° ooäara° cayenne ookuràshoo
oite° to flourish oeru° ooi˙° red pepper ookuradàiji˙
òite° as for òo òou ooäara°, -g- large ookuraryuu°
oide° ooakìnai ooukè° ookàre òoke
oideoidè ooàkubii ooùso° ookàre sÎkunà- òokee
oitekebori°, -ki- ooàäura oouch˜hòo kare ookèäa
oitoma° òoaza oouchìyama° ookawa° ooäesa°
oitomaäoi° òoashi° ooùtsÎshi Òokawa ookèsÎtora
oìnarisama ooajì° ooùnàbara ookàwàbata ooke˙°
oìnarisa˙ ooàse ooùmi ooka˙° ooäè˙ka
oinuki° ooàtama ooùridashi ooäà˙ji òoko
oinùku ooàtari Ooedo° ooäì: ooäinomato° ooäòe
oihaäi° ooana° Ooedose˙° ookìiòokÏkata: òoko
oibane° ooàbare Ooeyama° òokÏku, ookìkÎ- ookookìzoku
oibara° ooàme ooèru° te, òokÏkereba ookoku°
oiharàu ooamekèehoo, -èi- ooe˙° ooäiäata° oogòsho, -ä-
oibore° ooamechuuìhoo ooe˙è˙zetsu ookÏsa° ooäòto°
oiborèru° ooàrashi ooè˙ka Oogìshi ooäo˙°
oimakùru ooari° ooè˙da˙ ookido° ooäo˙jìdai
òimatsu ooarè° oooo° òokina ooäo˙bù˙katsu
oimawàsu ooàwate oookasàbaki ookìmi°, -äì- òoza
oime° oòi° cover, blanket Òooka TadàsÎke ookime° Oosaka°
oimotomèru òoi crown, throne òoòku ookyaku° Oosakàshi
oiyàru oòi: òokatta, òo- ooòkÎsama ookyuu° Oosakàjoo
òira ku, oòkÎte, òo- ooòji ookyuushòchi Oosakàzushi
oiraku° kereba ooòtoko ookyuutèate Oosakàfu
oira˙° ooiishiidìi many ooòba òoäyoo° Oosakàwa˙
òiru oil ooikakısu ooòyabu˙ ooäyoku° Òosaki
oìru to grow old Ooìäawa ooò˙na ooäiri° oozakè°
oirushòkku ÒoishÏkuranosÎ- ooka° òoku oozakènomì
oiruyaki° ke, Òoishi Ku- òoäa° ooäui° oosaji°
oìwa ranosÎke° ookàäami òokÎsho˙ oozàppa
oiwake° Ooizumigàkue˙ ooäàkari òokÎsu oozàtsuma
oiwakebushi° ooìsoäashi Ooäaki ooäuchi° oosama°
ou°: owanai°, ooìsoäi ookàkùmaku ooäuchi° oozara°
oòo, oimàsu, Òoita ookàji ookuninùshino- oosàwaäi
otte°, oèba, oè Ooitàke˙ ookàze° mikoto oosà˙zai
òushi° Ooitàshi ookata° Ookubotoshìmi- ooshi°
oùsu ooìchoo ooäata° chi, Ookubo° Ooji°
outadòkoro ooitsu° ooäatàsha Toshìmichi òoji
ouchi° òoini ooäatabàsu OokubohÏkozae- ooshìi
oùtsuri ooìbari ooganìkku mo˙°, Ookubo° ooshio°
118 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

oojìkake oozèesama, -èi- oochakumonò° mochi, Ootomo- ooba˙bùrumai


ooshÏke òozeki oochoo° no° Yakàmochi òohi
ooshiäoto oosetsu° oochoojìdai ootora° oobìi
oojìshi˙ oosetsÎkàru Òotsu ootòrii oobike°
oojìdai oosetsÎkèru ootsùe ootorèesu oobyàkÎshoo
ooshÏtsu° oosetsùshÏtsu OotsÎka° ootoro° oohìroma
oojìnushi oosetsuma° ootsùäòmori òona oobi˙°
ooshìbai oose˙° Ootsıshi òonaa òofuu
Ooshima° (sur- oose˙koäìtte ootsùzumi oonaadoràibaa oofÎku°
name) oosòoji ootsùnami oonaki° oofÎkukìppu, -äì-
Òoshima (place oosòodoo ooppira° oonàäìnata oofÎkuhàäaki
name) oosòoba ootsubu° oonata° oobùtai
ooshimatsùmuäi oozoku° òote oonàdai Oofuna°
òoja, òosha oozoko° òode° oonatsu° Oopuni˙äu°
òoju oosotoäari° oodìsho˙ oonami° oobune°
ooshuu° oosodòkkÎsu òodio° oonyùudoo ooburi°
ooshuukàidoo oozòra ooteki° ooni˙° oobùroshÏki
oojuhòoshoo oosòritii oodeki° oonì˙zuu oobu˙° accord-
òojo oozò˙° oodekòro˙, -do- oonusa° ing to one's
ooshoo° Ootadòoka˙, ootèsuji òone status
oojoo° imperial Oota° Dòoka˙ Ootèmachi oone˙° òobu˙ oven
castle òoda Ootèmo˙ Òonoyasumaro, òopu˙
òojoo calm oodaa° oote˙° Òono Yasumaro° oopù˙kàa
death oodaamèedo òoto° oonoo° oopu˙sà˙do
oojooäiwa° ootai° òodo° oonòkòäiri oopu˙shàtsu
oojooyòoshu oodai° oodoiro° ooba° oopu˙sÎpèesu
ooshokujì˙shu oodàiko ootoo° òobaa: oobaa- oopu˙se˙°
oojòtai ootaihòrumo˙ oodoo° kòoto oobu˙tòosutaa
oojìru° Ootàku oodòoäu oobaaòoru òohee, -ei
ooshi˙° oodaku° oodòori oobaashùuzu oobee°, -ei°
ooshì˙ryoo oodàsÎkari ootokÎchùuru oobaatàimu oobeya°
oozùkami oodachi° oodòkoro, oodo- oobaadòkÎtaa oohe˙mai°
oosuäiru° ootàchimàwari ko° oobaahìito òobo°
oosuji° Oodate° ootosà˙ri˙ oobaahòoru òoboe°
oozutsu° oodatemono° oodòshima oobaaràppu oohoo°
OosÎtorària, -iya oodana° ootojàiro oobaawàaku ooboo°
OosÎtòria, -riya Òotani ootochàaji oobàka° oobòozu
oozuna° ootàba° oototsu° oobàkıshuu oobòsha
òosumi oodama° ootòbai oobako° oomaka°
oozumè° ooda˙° òodòburu Oohashi° oomakè°
oozùmoo oodà˙na ootomàch˜kku oobasho° oomàjime
oozuru° ooda˙h˜kòko ootomìiru oohànabi oomata°
oose° statement, ooda˙hòdoo ootome°: ootomèe- oohabà° oomàchiäai
command oodà˙maku sho˙ oohayari oomàwari
òose lover tryst oodà˙me˙ Ootomotàbito, oohàrae, -ai ooma˙dòkoro
oosee°, -ei° oochìäai Ootomo° Tàbito ooba˙° oomi°
oozèe°, -èi° oochàkù Ootomonoyakà- oobà˙too oomiè°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 119

oomìkiri òora okàäura oäamimàsu, o- okizari°


oomishòoni˙ oorai° okakure° äà˙de, oäàme- òkÏshida˙to
òomìzu ooraidome° okaäe° ba, oäàme okÏshìfuru
oomìsoka ooraibata° okaäesama° okame°: okame- okizuri°
oomihàkkee, -ei oòraka okaäe˙° hachimoku° okÏppanashi°
Oomiyà° ooryoo° Okàzaki okàme okÏte°
oomiyàbito ooryòozai° okazari° okamesòba okÏtèäami
oomìyo Ooryòkkoo Oäasawara° okamochi° okidòkee, -ei
oomu° oori˙° Oäasawarashòtoo Okamotokìdoo, okidoko°
oomùishi ooru° oäasawararyuu° Okamoto° Kìdoo okidokoro°
oomùäai òorudo okàshi okayàki° òkina
oomuäàeshi oorudomìsu okashìi Okàyama okinàame
oomùkashi oorunàito okashiäatài Okayamàke˙ oäinài°
oomùäi° oorubàkku okàshÏna Okayamàshi oäinàu
oomùkoo oorumàitii okaàshina okayu° okinaòru°
oomùne ooruràu˙do okashìmì okara° okinakàshi
oomè° chiefly ooruri° okajòoki oäara° Okinawa°
Òome oorè˙zu okashira° okarina° Okinawajima°,
Oomekàioo òoro okashiratsÎki° Okàruka˙pee, Okinawatoo°
Òomeshi oorora° okashiwa° Okàru Ka˙pee° Okinawashòtoo
oomèdama oowaku° okàsu° okàruto° okiniiri°
oomètsÎke oowaza° okazu° okàwa okinuke°
oomèwata oowàzurai okazuri° Oäawa° okinodoku°
oome˙° oowàrai okata° Oäawàmachi okinodokÎsama°
oome˙kyoo° oowàrawa Okada° okawari° okiba°
oomòoke oowàribiki Òäata Kòori˙ okawari° okibasho°
oomoji° oka° Okachìmachi oka˙° okibi°
oomotè° Òka okàchi˙ oka˙ba˙° okibiki°
oomoto° okàasama okappa° oka˙muri° òkìfÎshi
oomotokyoo° okàasa˙ okappÏki° oki° embers, o- okibùdai
oomono° okàacha˙ okadochìäai pen sea okìmari°
oomori°, Oomori° okaiaäe° okane° òki° one of a okimìyaäe
òomo˙ okàiko okabasho° family name okimono°
òoya okaikoäùrumi Oäahà˙too Òäi okiya°
ooyàishi okaiseki° okabu° Okiai° okyaku°:
ooyake° okaeshi° okabo° okiaigyòäyoo okyakÎsàmà
ooyakezata° okaeri° okabore° okiaäarikòboshi okyakÎsa˙°
ooyàkedo okaerinasài okama° okiaäàru° okyà˙
ooyàsùuri okae˙nasài okamai° okiishi° okyuu°
ooyàne okaka° okàmi oäie°: oäiebushi° Oäyuusòrai,
Ooyama° okakae° oäamì okÏkae° Oäyuu° Sòrai
ooyukì° okaäami° oäamìuchi° okÏkàèru okyoo°
òoyoo° okàki okamisa˙° okiäàsa° oäyoo°, goäyoo°
ooyookàäaku oäakùzu, -kk- oäamitaòsu° Oäikubo° okyòoryoo°
ooyoomò˙dai Okakuratè˙shi˙, oäamiya° okiäo°, -go° okìru: okìnai,
ooyoso° Okàkura Tè˙- oäàmu: oäamà- okiäòtatsu okiyòo, okimà-
ooyòrokobi shi˙ nai, oäamòo, ok˜sàki su, òkÏte, okìre-
120 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ba, okìro okuninàmari okuridàsu okòshi waistcloth Òzaki Yòokoo


okiwasure° okunifuu° okuitsÎkèru okoshiire° Òzakiyukio,
okiwasurèru okuniburi° okurite° okòsu: okosànai, Òzaki Yukio°
okiwàtashi okunòi˙ okuritodokèru okosòo, okoshi- osakibàshiri
oku° to put, to okunòte okurìna° màsu, okòshÏte, osakiboo°
leave, to do òkuno hosòmichi okurìnushi okòseba, okòse osakimakkùra
something in òkunoma° okurìbi° oäòsoka osàäe
advance: oka- òkuba okurimùkae° okosozùki˙ osàji
nai°, okòo, oki- okubi° okurimono° okòta: okòtatsu ozashÏki°
màsu, oite°, okubyòo okuru°: okura- okotsu° osashÏtsÎkae°
okèba, okè okubyòoäami° nai°, okuròo, okotsuaäe° osashimi°
òku interior okubyoomonò° okurimàsu, okotozuke° osadamari°
okùäai okubukài, oku- okÎtte°, okurè- okotoba° osatsu° paper
okuäakì° fÎkài ba, okurè okodomòshuu° money
okuäata° okumàru okùruma okotowari° osàtsu sweet
òkuäì okumà˙ okùrumi okonai° potato
okugè˙ka˙ okuma˙chòoja okure° okonau° osato°
okugòte˙ okumì okureäè okonawareru° osatoo°
okuzàshÏki okumisàäari okurezaki° okonomiyaki° Òsato Sawàichi
òkÎsama okumuki° okurebase° oäònori osanài
oäushi° okume˙° okureru°: okure- okòbore Osànaikaoru,
oäushìaäe okùmotsu nai°, okureyòo, okome° Osànai Kaoru°
okujòi˙ okuyama° okuremàsu, o- okomeya° osanàäao°
okujoo° Okuyama° kurete°, okure- okomo° osanàäo
okujootèee˙, -èie˙ (place name) rèba, okurerò okomori° osanaäòkoro
okujòchuu Okùyama òke okorì osanatòmodachi
okuzukè° (family name) okèäa oäori° osananàjimi
okÎsùri okuyukashìi okesa°: okesabushi° okorijòoäo ozanari°
okÎsùru okuyuki° Okehàzama okorippòi osamàri°
okÎsetsu° okuyùrushi okeya° okorì˙boo, -bo osamarìkko
okÎsoko° okura° okera° okòru: okorànai, osamàru: osama-
okÎtàabu Oäura° okèru° okoròo, okori- rànai, osamari-
okÎtama° Oäuràaisu òko màsu, okòtte, màsu, osamàt-
okuda˙° Oäuràa˙° okoeäàkari okòreba, okòre te, osamàreba,
okÎtà˙ka Okurairi° okooko°, -oo° oäoru° osamàre
òkÎchi° Oäurajìruko okoäamashìi okowa° Òsamu
okÎchiyòäoshi okuraseru° okòäe òsa osàmu
okÎtè° oäurahyakuni˙- okòäoto oza° osamui°
okude˙° ìsshu okokorozuke° osai° osamè
okudòshiyori Oäurayama° okosama° child, osaise˙° ossamedoki°
okùnai okuri° kid osàè osamemonò°
okuni° okuriòokami òkosama silk- osaetsÎkèru° osamèru: osamè-
okuniiri° okurikàesu worm osàèru nai, osameyòo,
okunìkai okurìäana° okòzara òsaosa° osamemàsu, o-
okunikàbuki okurikòmu okosa˙° osàkaki sàmete, osamè-
okunikòtoba okurisaki° okoshi° to come, osàäari reba, osamèro
okunijìma˙ okurìjoo° to arrive osaki° osarai°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 121

osaràikai OshÏkahà˙too, oshÏtòosu ojuuya° Òze


osàraba° Oji- oshÏtodomèru òshoo: òshoosa˙ Oseània°
osa˙° oshiäari° oshìdori oshooäatsù oseebo°, -ei-
osà˙ji oshiäàru oshinaäàsu ojòosama oseose°
osà˙do˙ ojiki° oshinàbete ojòosa˙ osèkÏha˙
oshi° ojiäi° oshinokèru ojoozu° oseji°
oji° oshikÏse° oshinobi° oshooba˙° osèchi: osechi-
oshiai° ojiäisoo° òshiba ojoohì˙ ryòori
oshiài heshiài, oshÏkiri° oshìbai oshoku° osèkkai
oshiàiheshiai oshÏkìru oshÏhakàru ojoku° osekkyoo°
oshiàu òshÏkumo oshìbana oshòsa˙, osshò- osekku°
Oshiaäe° oshÏkuramà˙juu oshÏhiràku oshiyosèru osèna
oshiaäese˙° oshiäè° oshÏhiroäèru oshìrasu ozenuma°
oshiakèru ojike° oshÏhiromèru oshiri° òsero
oshiaäèru ojikezùku oshÏpi˙° ojìru osèwa: osewasa-
oshiatèru ojikedàtsu oshifÎsèru oshiruko° ma°
oshiàrai ojikerù oshibuchi° oshirushi° ose˙° pollution
oshìi: òshÏkata, oshìäoto òshibe oshiroi° osè˙ rice cracker
òshÏku, oshìkÎ- oshÏkomi° oshibòta˙ oshiroikÎsài oze˙°
te, òshÏkereba oshÏkomigòotoo oshìbori oshiroishÏta° òse˙koo, osò-
ojìisama oshÏkòmu oshìmai° oshiròibana oze˙date°
ojìisa˙ oshÏkomèru oshiminàku oshiroiyake° osè˙bee, -ei
oshiita° oshÏkoròsu oshìmu: oshimù- oshirogùrafu ose˙betsu°
oshiitadàku ojisama° raku oshirosÎkòopu osoashi°
ojìicha˙ ojisa˙° oshimuäi oshiwakèru osòi: osòkotta,
oshiiri° oshÏshòosa˙ oshime° oshiwari° osoku°, osòkÎte,
oshiìru oshìzushi° ojimè° oshiwarimùäi osòkereba,
oshiire° oshisÎsumèru oshimeäai° ojì˙ osòshÏ
oshiiredà˙su oshÏsemàru oshimeri° oshi˙ko° osoikakàru
oshiuri° oshÏtaoshi° oshìmo osu° to push: osa- osoikùru
oshie° oshÏtaòsu oshimodoshi° nai°, osòo, oshi- osòu°
oshièäo° oshÏtàji oshimodòsu màsu, oshÏte°, osoùmare
oshiekòmu oshidashi° oshimò˙doo osèba, osè osoozài
oshiezàiku oshidàsu ojìya osù male osòoji
oshieru°: oshie- oshÏtatèke˙ oshaka° osui° osoosoosama°,
nai°, oshieyòo, oshÏtatèru ojàäa òzuozu -sosamà°
oshiemàsu, o- oshidamàru oshakasàma° osùshi ozooni°
shiete°, oshierè- oshÏchìya oshaku° osÎsowake° osokàrishi Yura-
ba, oshierò ojicha˙° ojiyachìjimi osùnaosuna, nosÎke°
oshioi° oshitsÎkeäama- oshàburi osùna osùna osokarehàyàkare
oshioki° shìi oshàberi osuberàkashi° osokì
òjioji oshitsÎkèru oshàma osùberi osòkÎtomo
òjika° osh˜kko oshàmoji osùmashi osòkumo
oshÏkàesu oshÏtsumàru oshiyàru osumìtsÎki° osozaki°
oshÏkakenyòobo oshÏte° oshàre osùmoji osojie°
oshÏkakèru oshide° ojà˙ Òsuro ososhÏsàmà, osos-
oshiäata° oshÏterubèshi ojùu osùwari sàmà
122 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

osojimo° òtaota ota˙jòobi ochuuäe˙° ottsÎkàtsu


osode° otaäai° ochì ochùudo ottsıku
osonae° otaäaisama° ochiai° ochùunichi ottsÎke°
osonaemono° otakaku° Òchiai ochiyùku° ottsÎkèru
osonawàru otakara° ochiàu òchoo otte°
osoba° beside òdaki ochiàyu° ochooshi° otteäaki°
osoba° bucket- otakiaäe° ochiìru° ochooshimono° otto°
wheat noodles odàkyuu ochìuo ochòozu ottòsee, -ei
osobazùkae odakyuuse˙° òchiochi òchoo mèchoo otsÎtome°
osobazuki° otaku° ochÏkazuki° ochòko ottòri
osobaya° odaku° ochÏkaraòtoshi ochobòäuchi ottoriäàtana
osomaki° òdake ochìäuchi ochìru: ochìnai, ottòru
osòmatsu otakebi° ochÏkubòmu° ochiyòo, ochimà- otsune˙°
osòmatsÎsama otazune° ochìäuri su, och˜te, ochì- oppanàsu
osòraku otazunemono° ochiäo° reba, ochìro opparàu
osoruòsoru otachi° ochÏkòchi òtsu oppeshòru
osorubèki otachiai° ochÏkobore° otsuishoo° oppò
osorè odàchi˙° ochÏkoborèru otsuitachì opporidàsu
osòreiru: osòrei- otasshi° ochÏkomu° otsÎkai° otsùmami
rimasu otassha° ochitsÎki° otsÎkàichi˙ otsumamimono°
osoreoòi odate° ochitsÎkisaki° otsÎkaimono° otsùmu
osorenàäara° odateru° ochitsÎkiharàu okkake° otsumori°
osorèru: osorènai, otana° ochitsÎku° okkakèru otsùya
osoreyòo, osore- otanamono° ochitsÎkeru° okkàsa˙ otsùyu
màsu, osòrete, o- otanoshimi° òchìdo okkanài otsuri°
sorèreba, osorèro otanomi° òchìnohÏto okkanabìkkuri oteaäe°
osoroi° otabakòbo˙ ochinobìru° okkabusèru oteàrai
osoroshìi otabishò° òchiba otsÎkaresamà° oteue°
osoroshÏsa otàfÎku ochiburèru° otsÎki° oteuchi°
osowaru° otafÎkùkaze òchibo° otsùäi otèäami
osowarèru° otafÎkùmame ochibohìroi otsÎkiai oteäara°
oso˙° odàbutsu ochimùsha° okkìi odèki
òzo˙ otàma ochìmè otsÎkìsama odèko
ozò˙soo odàmaki ocha° okkùu odeshi°
ozo˙hòoru odamakimushi° ochauke° okkÎsufòodo otèsho
Odanobùnaäa, otamajàkÎshi ochaäàshi otsÎkuri° otèdama
Oda° Nobùnaäa otamaya° ochakumì° otsÎke° otètsÎki°,
odai° otame° ochazuke° otsuäe° otètsÎke°
otaiko°: otaiko- otameäòkashi ochadai° otsuäebumi° otètsudai
mùsubi odàyaka ochappìi okkochìru otètsudaisa˙
odàishi Otaru° ochanoko°: ocha- okkotòsu otete°
odaiji° Odawarà° nokosaisai° osshàru odedekoshìbai
odàiji˙ odawarajòochi˙ Ochanomizu° òtsÎshu otenami°
odaiba° odawarase˙° ochabòozu osshòosa˙, osshò- otenòuchi
odaimyoo° odawarahyòojoo ochaya°: ochaya- sa˙ otenomonò°
odaimoku° odà˙äi° sa˙° ottatèru otèfÎki
otaira° ota˙joo° ocharakàsu occhokochòi otèmae
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 123

odemashi° otokòäi° otoshibànashi odoridèru onari°


otemoto° otokokyòodai otoshìbuta odoriba° onarìmo˙
otemori° otokoäìrai otoshìbumi otoribàshi onà˙do
oteyawàraka° otokokÎsài otoshìmaku odoriyàtai ona˙doiro°
otera°: oterasamà otokoäùrui otoshimèru otòru° onì
oteramàiri otokoäòkoro otoshimonò° odoru°: odoranai°, oniàzami
ote˙° otokozaka° odoshimò˙ku odoròo, odori- onìisama
odè˙: ode˙ya° otokozàkari otoshiyaku° màsu, odotte°, onìisa˙
otè˙ki otokoshuu°, -shu° otoshiyori° odorèba, odorè ònio˙
ote˙kiya° otokojòtai otòsu: otosànai, odoro° onìkai
otè˙tosama otokozukì° otosòo, otoshi- otoròè oniäàshima
ote˙ba° otokozure° màsu, otòshÏte, otoròèru onìäami°
ote˙bamùsume otokodate° otòseba, otòse odorokàsu oniäarayaki°
otò otokoke°, -kke° odosu° odoròkì oniäàwara
odoo° Otokoppurì° otozurè° odorokiìru onìäiri
otòosama otokoppòi otozurèru° odoròku: odoro- oniäòkko
otòosa˙ otokode° otòdo kànai, odoro- onìshime
otooshi° otokotòmodachi ototòi°, ototsùi° kòo, odoroki- onisèebatsu, -sèi-
otòocha˙ otokonakì° otòtoshi màsu, odoròi- onitàiji
otootò otokonàmae otona° te, odoròkeba, onìkko, -ìäo
òdoodo otokònoko otonàu odoròke onìni kanaboo°,
otootòäo otokoburì° otonaäenài otowaya° onìnikanaboo
otootòdeshi otokomae° otonashìi onàiäi onìba
otootòbu˙ otokomàsari otonabìru onàidoshi ònìbabaa
otoofu° otokomyòori otòhime onaka° onibi°
otoomyoo° otokomùsubi odomì° onaäa° oniyàrai
otoori° otokomèkake odòmu° onaäazàru onìyuri
otoäai° otokomochi° otomurai°, onaäàdori oniwàsoto fÎku-
odokashi° otokomono° -morai° onàäare wàuchi
odokashimò˙ku otokoyaku° otòme onaäusami° onùshi
odokasu° otokoyàmome otomèäo onaäo° ònè
otoki° otokoyu° otomeäòkoro onaäoshuu°, -shu° onèesama
otòäi° otokorashìi otòmo onaäori° onèesa˙
otoäizòoshi otokoras˜sa odorasu° onàsake oneji°
otoäibànashi otòsata° otori° onaji°, o˙na- onèsho
otokui° otoshi° odori° onajìi° onèdari
odoke° ososhì odoriaäàru onàjiku onèba
odokemono° odoshi° odorikakàru onajikurai oneri°
odokeru° otoshìana odoriäui° onajimi° onè˙äa
otokò otoshiirèru° odoriko°, -kko° Onàtsuseejuuroo, Ononoìmoko,
otokoippÏkì otoshìäami odorikòmu Onàtsu Seejuu- Onono° Ìmoko
otokou˙° otoshìäo otorisàmà roo° Ononokòmachi
otokòeshi otoshizashi° odorìji° onàbe Ononotòofuu,
otokoòbi otoshidàne otorisòosa onàma Onono° Toofùu
otokooya° otoshidama° odoridàsu ònami òno
otokoò˙na odoshitsÎkèru otoritate° onàmidachoodai Onoekikuäoroo°,
otokoäata° otoshìnùshi odorite° onara° Onoe° Kikuäo-
124 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

roo° ohayoo° ohìmesama obèkka omatase°


Onoeshòoroku, ohayoogozai- ohìya òpèkku omachÏkane°
Onoe° Shòoroku màsÎ obiyakàsu obebe° omachidoo°
OnoeBaikòo, oharai° ohyakÎsoo° oheya°: oheyasamà omachidoosama°
Onoe° Baikòo oharàibako° ohyakudo° òpera òmatsu
onòono oharaimono° ohyakudomàiri operagùrasu omatsuri°
ònoko Òhara ShòosÎke ohyoo° operahàusu omatsurisàwaäi
onozukara° oharabushi° ohìra operèesho˙ omamori°
onozuto° oharame° ohìraki operèetaa omàru°
ononòku ohari° ohìru operètta omàwari: omà-
onòbori: onòbo- ohariko° obìru obe˙chara° warisa˙
risa˙ obà˙ ohirusuäì° obe˙too° oma˙juu°
Onòmichi Ohàn Chòoemo˙ òhire ohè˙ro omà˙ma
onore° òbi òbire° obòè omiashi°
onoroke° obiàäe ohiroi° oboeäaki° omiookìi°
òha° ohìisama ohirome° obòezu omiòtsÎke
oba° obiìwai obì˙zuru oboechìäai° omikaäiri°
obàasama obieru° òfu oboechoo° omiki°
obàasa˙ obiäane° òêsu oboèru omikidòkkuri
obaasà˙ko obiäami° oêsùäai oboosa˙° omikuji°
obàacha˙ obiäara° obùihimo obòoshi omikosa˙°
opàaru ohiäa˙° obùu, obù ohootsÎkùkai omìkoshi
ohàäi ohÏkìzuri obùu oboko° omishirioki°
ohaäùruma obikidàsu° ofÎkuro° obokomùsume omizutori°
ohaäuro° obikiyosèru° ofÎkuwake° oboshìi omisore°
ohaäurotò˙bo ohizaòkuri° obuzàabaa oboshimeshi° omìtto
obàke ohÏsama° òfÎsaido oboshimèsu° ominàeshi
ohako° ohizamoto° obusàru obotsÎkànai° omiya°
ohakobi°: ohàko- obiji° ofÎshìizu˙ obòccha˙ omiyaäe°
bisa˙ obishÏta° òbuje ohoribata° omiyamàiri
obasama° obijimè° òpÎsho˙ oborejini° omùkai, -koo
obasa˙° obijoo° ofÎse° oboreru° omukae°, -kai°
ohàjiki obishirohàdaka ofÎsètto oboro° omukàèbi
ohashori° obishi˙° ofuda° oboroäe° omùsubi
ohazuke° ohÏtàshi ofÎtàkata oborokò˙bu omùtsu
obasÎteyama° obitadashìi opÎchimìsÎto oboròzuki òmunìbasu
ohachi° ohÏtsu° òbutsu° oborozùkìyo omuràisu
ohachìire ohÏto° ofudesaki° oboròyo omuretsu°
obacha˙° obidòmè ofÎtò˙ obo˙° ome°
ohatsu° ohÏtòyoshi° oburàato omairi° omee°, -ei°
ohana° ohÏtòri° ofùru omae°: omaesa˙° òmeome
òbana òbina ofure° Omàezaki òmega
ohanashi° ohìnasama ofureko° omake° omèkashi
ohanabàtake ohìneri° ofùro omakeni° omèäane
ohàne obinoko° ofuròodo omajinai° omèza
ohayashi° Obihiro° ofuroya° omàjiri omezame°
ohayàbàya obifuu° òpe omàse omeshi°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 125

omeshi° omoitomàru° omochaùriba omowashìi oyàdori°


omèshÏkae° omoinaòsu° omochàbako omòwazu oyanashi°
omeshìmono omoinashi° omochaya° omowaseburii° oyanashìäo
òmezu okÎsèzu omoinokoshi° omokkurushìi omo˙jìru° oyaneko°
omedama° omoinokòsu° omotè omo˙zùru° oyanohÏkari
omedetai° omoinòhoka° omoteami° omo˙pakari° oyabaka°
omedetoo° omòinomamà omotèäae° omo˙pakàru oyabàshira
omedòori° omoimònò omoteäaki° omo˙mìru oyabànare
omemie° omòimoyorazu omotekata° oyà oyahÏtòri kohitòri
omeme° omoiyari° omoteäàmae oyainu° oyafÎkòo
omemoji° omoiyàru° omoteäawa° oyaimo° oyafunè°, -bune°
òmo omòu: omowànai, omotekà˙ba˙ oyaòmoi òyàbu˙
omoi°: omòkatta, omoòo, omoimà- omoteäuchi° òyaoya oyabu˙kòbu˙
omoku°, omò- su, omòtte, o- omotèäee, -ei oyaäàisha oyabù˙hada
kÎte, omòkere- mòeba, omòe omotegè˙ka˙ oyaäàkari oyabone°
ba, omòshÏ omòusama, omòo- omotèsaku° oyàkaze° oyàma
omòi omòuzo˙bu˙, omotezàshÏki oyàkata palace oyamàsari
omoiaäàru° omòo- omotezata° oyakàtà parents oyamanotàishoo
omoiatàru° omòutsubo Omotesà˙doo oyakàtahinoma- oyami°
omoiamàru° omòuni, omòo- omotesè˙ke ru° oyamotò°
omoiawasèru° omòumama, omotedàtsu oyàkabu° oyayùzuri
omoiire° omòo- omotètsÎki oyakamashuu° oyayubìhime
omoiokòsu° omoèru omotedòori oyaäame° oyu°
omoiòmòini omoomoshìi omotenihò˙ oyaäàwari oyùzuri
omoikàesu° omokaäe° omotenuno° oyaki° oyuya°, oyuu-
omoiäàkèzu Omokaäèbashi omotemuki° oyakyòodai oyuwari°
omoiäakènài omoäàwari omotemo˙° oyakushoshìäoto oyoäasèru
omòik˜tte omòkì omoto° òyako oyoäì
omòikiya omokurushìi òmona oyaäo° oyoäimawàru°
omoikiri° omosa° omonaäa° oyakòokoo oyòäu: oyoäànai,
omoikìru° omozashi° òmoni oyakoäè˙ka oyoäòo, oyoäi-
omoikòmu° omoshi° omonèru oyaäòkoro màsu, oyòide,
omoizashi° omoshiròi omohayùi oyakozure° oyòäeba, oyòäe
omoijini° omoshirookashìi omomi° oyakodò˙buri oyoso°
omoishìru° omoshiroäàru omomùki° oyaji° oyobazunàäara°
omoisuäoshi° omoshìròsa omomùku oyashio° oyobanai°
omoisuäòsu° omoshirozuku° omomuroni° oyashÏkìmachi oyòbare
omoidashiwàrai omoshirohà˙bu˙ omomochì° oyashìrazu òyobi°
omoidàsu° omoshiromì° òmoya oyasui° oyobiäoshi°
omoitàtsu° omozùkai omoyàtsure oyasÎkunài oyobitate°
omoichiäai omotai° omoyu° oyasumi° oyobu°: oyobanai°,
omoitsÎki° omodaka° omòrai oyasuminasài oyobòo, oyobi-
omoitsıku° omodakaya° omori° oyadàidai màsu, oyo˙de°,
omoitsumèru° omotase° omowaku° oyàdake oyobèba, oyòbe
omoide° omòdachi° omowakuäai° oyàtachi oyobòsu°
omoidebànashi omodàtsu omowakÎchìäai oyadama° òra
omoidòori omòcha omowakudòori oyàtsu ora˙ùuta˙
126 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

Orà˙da° orijiwa° oreàu owaridàiko˙ o˙sh˜shoo


Ora˙daäom° orìsÎke oree°, -ei° owarìchoo o˙shÏtsu°
ora˙dàji˙ orizumè° oreeäàeshi, -ei- owarìne ò˙sha
ori° sediment, orìzùru oreebòokoo, -ei- owaru°: owara- o˙jaku°
dregs, co‡er oridàsu oreemàwari, -ei- nai°, owaròo, o˙shuu°
grounds oritatami° orekireki° owarimàsu, o- o˙shùukai
orì cage oritatamishÏki° orèkuäi watte°, owarè- o˙ju˙°
oriai° oritatàmu° orekuäiryuu° ba, owarè o˙shoo°
oriàu oritàtsu orèkÎchi ò˙ obligation o˙joo°
oriàshÏku orìdo orekòmu o˙° sound o˙jooshùäi
oriìtte° orinàsu° oresama° ò˙ favor: goò˙ o˙shoku°
oriito° orìnori oremaäàru° o˙nai°, o˙ai° o˙shìrazu
orìibu orìbako° oremè o˙à˙poo o˙shi˙°
oriibuiro° orìhime° orèru: orènai, o˙iki° o˙ji˙°
oriibùyu orìfÎshi oreyòo, oremà- o˙i˙° o˙shi˙fÎtsuu°
oriiro° òribe su, òrete, orère- ò˙äa ò˙su, -ò˙su: i-
orièboshi oriho˙° ba, orèro o˙kai° chiò˙su, goò˙su
orieri° orimaäèru° orè˙ji o˙äàeshi o˙sui°
oriè˙taru orimazèru° ore˙jiiro° ò˙äaku° o˙suipùuru
orie˙tèesho˙ orimura° ore˙jijùusu o˙äakÎka° ò˙see, -ei
òriè˙to orimè° òrooro o˙äàkıkai o˙sèeäaku, -èi-
orìori° orimetadashìi òroka o˙äakugàkkoo o˙setsu°
orikaeshi° orimotò° orokashìi o˙äakudoo° o˙se˙°, -ò˙se˙:
orikaesh˜chite˙ orìmono° men- orokamono° ò˙kata KÎsatsuò˙se˙
orikaeshiù˙te˙ struation oroshì grated o˙ka˙° o˙se˙ba°
orikàesu° orìmòno cloth òroshì wholesale o˙äa˙° o˙se˙màaku
orikaäami orimòyoo trade o˙ka˙kyòoiku o˙se˙yàdo
orikasanàru oriyama° oroshìuri° ò˙ki ò˙so
orikàtà orìyòku oroshiurishìjoo ò˙äì o˙zòoshi
orikàba˙ orìru: orìnai, oroshìäane° o˙kyuu° o˙soku°
orìkami, orìäa- oriyòo, orimà- orosh˜shoo o˙kyoo° o˙tai°
oriäamizàiku su, òrite, orìre- oroshidàiko˙ o˙kyòoäaku ò˙tai°
orikamìtsÎki, -ä- ba, orìro oroshidò˙ya o˙kyookòoka o˙taiteekìatsu, -ei-
orìkara Orì˙pia oroshìne o˙äyoku° o˙taku°
orìki Ori˙p˜kku oroshinèda˙ o˙ku˙° Ò˙take, O˙tà-
orìkÎchi, -ä- ori˙pÏkkukyòoäi oròsu: orosànai, o˙kee°, -ei° kesa˙
OrìkÎchishino- òru: orànai, orosòo, oroshi- o˙ketsu° o˙da˙°
bu, OrùkÎchi oròo, orimàsu, màsu, oròshÏte, o˙ketsudòobutsu o˙da˙zè˙se˙
Shinobu° òtte, òreba, oròseba, oròse o˙ke˙° ò˙chi
origotoo° òre, orimasè˙ oròsoka o˙äe˙° o˙chuu°
orikomi° òru òrochi ò˙ko o˙choo°
orikòmu oruäa˙° owai° o˙koo° o˙tee°, -ei°
orizani˙° òrugu owaiya° ò˙kochishi˙, ò˙tekitaisa˙,
oriji° orugòoru, -ä- owashimàsu ò˙ko chishi˙° ò˙teki taisa˙°
orijinàritii orusuba˙° owarai° ò˙saì o˙te˙°
orìjinaru ore° I, me owaràiäusa° o˙zaròkku ò˙do
orìshimo orè break, snap owari° ò˙shi ò˙too°
1: a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, e, ee, o, oo 127

o˙doku° o˙nàkòdomo o˙natòmodachi ò˙pa ò˙moto


o˙dokee°, -ei° o˙nazaka° o˙nanàmae o˙bahiäàsa o˙mo˙°, o˙mu˙°
ò˙toshi o˙nazàkari o˙nànoko o˙parèedo o˙yaku°
o˙dòtori o˙naji°, -shi° o˙nabara° o˙ba˙° ò˙yoo°
o˙dori° o˙najimùi˙ o˙nahìderi o˙biki° o˙myoo°, ò˙yoo°
o˙doru° o˙najòtai o˙naburì° o˙pyoomòji O˙yòodoo, O˙-
ò˙torooroo, ò˙to o˙nazukì° o˙namùsubi o˙bi˙° my-
rooroo° o˙nazùmoo o˙namòji ò˙bu o˙yoku°
o˙nà o˙nazure° o˙namochi° o˙pu° onyomi°
o˙nau˙° o˙nadàiäaku o˙namono° o˙puu° o˙rài˙
o˙naäata° o˙nadàterani o˙nayaku° o˙pùuki ò˙ri
o˙nakàbuki o˙natàrashi o˙nayu° ò˙buzùma˙ ò˙rii
o˙naäìrai o˙nakke°, -ake° o˙nayoo° o˙boo° o˙ritsu°
o˙naäuse° o˙nappurì° o˙narashìi o˙hòoji o˙ryoo°
o˙naäùrui o˙nade° o˙naràshÏsa o˙boro° o˙ryòo°
o˙nake°, -kke° o˙natèeki˙, -èi- o˙nawàrabe ò˙mae o˙wa°
o˙nakèezu, -èi- o˙nadèiri o˙nè˙° ò˙mi°
o˙naäòkoro o˙nadè˙ka o˙nòji o˙mitsu°
o˙nakòtoba o˙nadòoraku ò˙ba o˙mee°, -ei°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku,
äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-)

kàka, -ka°: seeji- gaado° -äai: ha˙ìäai, kaikainojì kaiäìshitsu


ka°, ji˙jika° kaadokèesu to˙yàäai kaiäaihàhei, -ee kaiäishò°
-ka: ka˙sh˜ka, gàadoma˙ kaiaku° kaikàibi kaiäijoo°
se˙jìka kàatorìjji gàiaku° kaiäaibòoeki kaikÏshòosetsu
-ka°, -ka: ka˙ìka° gaadoru° kaiaäe° kaiäaihòosoo kaik˜shoku
-ka: nakıäa, gaadorèeru kaiaäèru kaikae° kaik˜se˙°
akàika kàato˙ kaiasàru kaikàeru kaikÏchuu°
-ka°, -ka: torika°, Gàana gaiatsu° kaiäàka˙ kaikìnetsu
hanàka, àmeka kaanabi°: kaa- kàii mysterious kaikaku° kaiäiha°
äa, -äa°: niho˙- nabigèesho˙ kaìi, kayùi itchy gaikaku° kaiäyaku°
äa°, biji˙äa° kàanìbaru kaiiki° gaikakudà˙tai kaikyuu°
-äa: nakùäa, yò- kaanèesho˙ kaiinu° kaiäaku° kaiäyuu°
muäa, akàiäa Kaanegiihòoru kaiire° kaikake° kaikyuuìshÏki
-äa°: toriäa°, ha- gàanetto kaiirèru gaikàsai kaikyuusee°, -ei°
nàäa, àmeäa kaabàido kaii˙° gaikaju˙bìdaka kaikyuusèedo, -èi-
kaakiiro° kaabì˙juu gaii˙° kaikazè˙se˙ kaikyùuda˙
kàasama kàabu kaiì˙ke˙ kaikata° kaikyuutòosoo
kàasa˙ kaafèrii kaiì˙shÏki kaikatsu° kaikyoo°
kaasÎtèreo kàapètto kaii˙tòdoke gaikatsu° -kàikyoo: tsu-
kàasÎto° gaabera° kaiukèru kaikaburi° äaukàikyoo
gàaze kàabo˙ kaiu˙° kaikabùru kaiäyoo°
kaasoru° kaabò˙shi kaiù˙äyoo kaiäàra° gaikyoo°
gàataa gàarikku kaieki° kaiäarazàiku kaiäyòoi
gaataami°, -taaa- kàaru kaie˙° kaiäarabone° kaikyoku°
mi° gàaru gaie˙° kaiäaràmushi gaikyoku°
kàacha˙ gaarusÎkàuto kaiòosee°, -ei° kaika˙° kaikiri°
kaatsu° gaarufurè˙do kaioki° -kàika˙: bu˙ka- kaikìru
kàadìga˙ kài kàika° kàika˙ kaiäìroku
gaadeni˙äu° -kai: shÏshàkai, kàiäa kaiäa˙° kaiki˙°
kàate˙ eeäàkai gàika gaika˙° gaiki˙°
gàade˙ -kai: nakıkai, gaigaakàù˙taa kaiäa˙se˙° kaiki˙shàtsu
kaate˙kòoru yòmukai, akài- kaikai° kaiäa˙zoi° kaikì˙shoo
gàade˙ kai, shiròikai kàiäai kàiki kàiku
kaate˙kòoru -kài, -kai: tori- gaikai° kàiäi kaiäui°
gaade˙rèeru kài, hanàkai, kaiäaishìi gàiki kaiäùsuri
kàato àmekai kaikàishÏki kaikiìwai kàiäuri
kàado gài kaiäaitòoshi kaikìe˙ kàiäu˙
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 129

kaiäu˙sh˜kà˙ gaikokÎsa˙° kàisha well kaisùiäi kaidaku°


kaiäù˙shoo gaikokùji˙ known kaisuipà˙tsu kaitàkıshi
kaiäu˙dàiji˙ gaikokuse˙° -äàisha: kaisùiboo kaitàkısha
kàiäun heeäàk- gaikokubòoeki hoke˙äàisha kaisùiyoku kaitakùda˙
koo kaiäosàabisu kaishài˙ kaisukiyòkujoo kaitàkıchi
kaikee°, -ei° kaikoshi° kàishaku kaisùu kaitashi°
gaikee°, -ei° kaiäòshi kaishakoosèe- gaisùu° kaidashi°
kaikeeka˙sa°, -ei- kaikòsu hoo°, -èi- kaisùuke˙ kaitàsu
kaikeeke˙sài˙, -ei- kaikòda˙ kaishazùtome kàizuka° kaidàsu
kaikèeshi, -èi- gàikotsu kàishu° kaisùru kaitatàku
kaikeenè˙do, -ei- kaikòtoba gàiju° gaisùru kaitatèru
kaiketsu° kaiäofÎkush˜shi kaishuu° kaisee°, -ei° kaidame°
kaikètsısaku kaiäohòke˙ kaijuu° gaisee°, -ei° gaitame°
kaiketsubyoo° kaikòmu gaishuu° kaiseki° kaida˙°
kaike˙° kaikòroku gaishuuisshoku°, gaiseki° gaita˙°
kaiäe˙° kaiäoroshi° gaishuu° isshoku° kaisekiryòori kaidà˙i˙
gaike˙° kaiko˙° gaishÎtsu° kaisetsu° kaida˙kyòoshÏtsu
gaiäe˙° kaikò˙chi gaishÎtsusaki° gaisetsu° kaidà˙shi
kaiäe˙kùyoo kaisai° gaijuunaiäoo° kaisètsısha kaidà˙ji
kaiäè˙ree, -ei gaisai° kaishu˙° kaise˙° gàida˙su
kàiko kaizàiku kaisho° kaize˙° kaida˙bànashi
kàiäo kaisaku° kàijo gaise˙° gàichi
gaiäo° kaisasae° kaishòo° gaize˙° kaichÏku°
kaikoo° kaisatsu° kaijoo° gaisè˙mo˙ kaichuu°
kaiäoo° kaisatsùäuchi° gaishoo° kàiso gaichuu°
gaikoo° kaisa˙° dispertion kaijookì˙mu kaizoe° gaichuukùjo
kaikooichìba˙ kàisa˙ originator kaijòoke˙ kaizoèni˙° kaichuukòoe˙
gaikòoi˙ kaiza˙° kaijoojieetai°, kaisoo° kaichuujìruko
gaikooka° gaisa˙° -jiei- kaisòogyoo kaichuudè˙too
gaikòoka˙ kaisà˙butsu kaishòonashi kaisòosha kaichuudòkee, -ei
gaikoosh˜sètsu kaishi° kaijoohoà˙choo kaisòoroku kaichuumono°
gaikoojìree, -ei kàiji° kaijoohòke˙ kaisoku° kaichoo° chair-
gaikòosuji kàiji kaishoku° kaizoku° man
gaikoosee°, -ei° gàishi gaishoku° kaizokÎse˙° kàichoo ileum
gaikoosèesaku, -èi- gaiji° no-entried gaishokıke˙ kaizokuba˙° gaichoo°
gaikòoda˙ letter gaishokÎsà˙äyoo gaisòfu kaichi˙°
gaikooteki° gàiji external ear kaishi˙° conver- gaisòbo kaitsuu°
gaikoohà˙bai gaijìe˙ sion kaizome° kaitsÎke°
kaikoku° kaijìke˙ kàishi˙ reform kaiso˙° kaitsÎkèru
gaikoku° gaijishì˙bu˙ kaiji˙° gaiso˙° kaitsunaäi°
gaikokuèiäa gai- kaishÏtsu° gaishi˙° kàida kaitsùburi
kokuèeäa gàishÏte gaiji˙° kaitai° kaitsumà˙de°
gaikokÎkàwase, gàishidoonyuu, kaishi˙too° kaidai° kaite°
-kuäà- gàishi doonyuu° kaijì˙butsu gaidai°: gaiäo- kaitee°, -ei°
gaikokuäo° kaishime° gaiji˙bòchi dai°, gaikoku- kaiteekàza˙, -ei-
gaikokÎkòoro kaishimèru kàizu° äodàiäaku kaiteejìshi˙, -ei-
gaikòkısai kaisha° firm kaisui° kaitaku° kaiteedè˙se˙, -ei-
130 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kaiteeba˙°, -ei- kaìnushi° buyer gaiheki° gaiya° kaiwa°


kaiteki° kàìnushi pet kaihe˙° kaiyaku° kàiwai
gaiteki° owner kaibe˙° gaiyàshu gaiwàkÎsee, -ei
kaiteshìjoo kaine° kaihoo° which kàiyu° kaiwàryoku
kaite˙° kàineko° kàihoo nursing kaiyuu° kaiware°
kaide˙° gàine˙ kaiboo° kaiyùuäyo kaiwaredàiko˙
kaitè˙isu kainòkÎchi° gàihoo gaiyùusee, -ei kaiwa˙°
kite˙ù˙doo kàiha gaiboo° kaiyoo° ocean kài˙°
kaite˙kyuuäyoo° kaiba° fodder kaihooù˙doo kàiyoo° ulcer Kài˙
kaite˙sh˜kì˙ kàiba hippocam- kaibòoäaku gaiyoo° kai˙gìi˙
kaitè˙jiku pus kaihòoka˙ kaiyookÏshoodai° kau° to purchase:
kaitè˙zushi kaihai° kaibòoka˙° kaiyoosee°, -ei° kawanai°, kaòo,
kaite˙tòbira kaibàòke kaihòoäu˙ gaiyòoyaku kaimàsu, katte°,
kaite˙màdo gaihaku° kaibòozu kairai° kaèba, kaè
kaite˙mòkuba kaibàshira kaihoosee°, -ei° gairai° kàu tokeep, to
kaitè˙ritsu kaihatsu° kaihooteki° gairaiäo° raise: kawa-
gàido kaibatsu° kaibori° kairàishi nai°, kaòo
kaitoo° kaihatsÎtojòoko- kaimai° gairàishu kaimàsu: katte°,
kaidòo° highway ku gaimai°: gaiko- kairaisèeke˙, -èi- kaèba, kàe
kàidoo° aronia KàibaraekÏke˙, kumai° kàiraku° kaubòoi
-kàidoo: kooshuu- Kàibara Ekike˙° kaimaki° kairakùe˙ kàu˙°
kaidoo kaiha˙° kaimaku° kaira˙° gàu˙
gaitoo° gaiha˙bòshi kaimamìru kaira˙ba˙° kàù˙seraa
kaidòoichì kaihi° subscrip- kàimyoo kàiri nautical kaù˙seri˙äu°
gaitookòokoku tion kaimi˙° mile kau˙taa°
kaitòosha kàihi° evasion kàimu kàiri° dissocia- kàu˙to°
gaitòosha gàihi gàimu tion kau˙todàu˙
gaitooshàshi˙ kaihisee°, -ei° gaimujìka˙ kairiki° kae°
gaitoobòki˙ kaibyaku° gaimùshoo kàiriku kaeuta°
gaitooròkuo˙ kaihyoo° gaimudàiji˙ kàiritsu° kaeäi°
kaidoki° gaihyoo° kaimee°, -ei° gairyaku° kaeshì
kaidoku° kaihi˙° kimetsu° kairyuu° kaeshìnui°
gàidoku° gaihi˙° kaimetsÎteki° kairyoo° kaeshibàri
kaitotonòèru kaihi˙kòoe˙ kaime˙° sponge kairyoobà˙shi kaeshìmaku
gaidobùkku kàifu° kaimè˙° sea level kàiryoku° kaeshi˙°
gaidorài˙ gàibu gaimè˙° gàiryoku kàesu: kaesànai,
kaitori° kaifuu° gaime˙teki° gairi˙° kaesòo, keaeshi-
kaidori°: okai- kaifùusoo kaime˙dòobutsu gairì˙za˙ màsu, kàeshÏte,
kàìdori kaifÎku° kaimoku° kàirui kàeseba, kàese
kaitòru kaifÎkushùjutsu kaimodoshi° Kaireki° kaesuäàesu
kàina° kaìbushi° kaimodòsu kàiro kaezùbo˙
kainaràsu° kaibutsu° kaimotomèru gàiro kaedama°
kaina˙° kaibu˙° kaimono° kairoo° kaechi°
kaina˙too° kàibunasho kaimonòkaäo kairoodòoketsu° kàette
kainyuu° kaibù˙sho kamonòkyaku gairòju kaede°
kaini˙° kaihee°, -ei° kaimonobùkuro kairòbai kaena°
kainì˙ki kaiheetai, -ei- kaimo˙° gairo˙° kaeba°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 131

kaerì kaozòroi choo kaäayàku kaäiami°


kaerìuchi kaodashi° kaäakugè˙so kàkari service kakiayamari°
kaeriäake° kaodachi° kaäakÎkòogyoo kakarì to start kakiarawàsu°
kaeriäiwa° kaotsÎki° kaäakÎsàyoo (engine) kakiawasèru°
kaeriäùruma kaotsùnaäi° kaäàkısha kaäari° linking kakiidàku°
kaerizaki° kaonàjimi° kaäakÎshòosetsu -äakari°: tooriäa- kakiire°
kaerizàku° kaopasu° kaäakushòri kari° kakiirèdoki°
kaerijìtaku kaobure° kakakÎsùiju˙ -äàkari: shibaiäà- kakiirèbi
kaerìshina° kaomake° kaäakÎse˙° kari, oyaäàkari, kakiirèru°
kaerishònichi kaomìshiri° kaäakÎsè˙i mikkaäakari kakiiro°
kaerishì˙za˙ kaomise° kakakÎtàikee, -ei kakariai° kakiutsısu°
kaerìchi° kaomisekyòoäe˙ kaäakÎchoomì- kakariàu° kakièmo˙
kaerìchuu kaomuke° ryoo kakarìi˙ kakioki°
kaeritsıku° kaoyaku° kaäakÎteki° kakarikiri° kaäiòkumi
kaerìte˙ kaoyose° kakakÎhàkai kakarìchoo kakiokùru°
kaerinyùumaku kaori° kaäakÎhaku- kakaritsÎke° kakiokòsu°
kaerìmichi kaoru° bùtsıka˙ kaäarìbi kakiotòsu°
kaerimìru kàka kaäakÎhà˙noo kakarimùsubi kakioroshi°
kaeru° to substitu- Kàäa kaäakÎhìryoo kakàru: kakarà- kaikowàru°
te, to exchange: gaka° painter kaäakubùsshÏtsu nai, kakaròo, kakÏkae°
kaenai°, kaeyòo, gàka° easel kaäakÎhèeki, -èi- kakarimàsu, kakÏkaèru°
kaemàsu, kaete°, gàka song kaäakÎhè˙ka kakàtte, kakà- kakÏkàtà
kàereba, kaerò gàäa, -ga kaäakÎhoo- reba, kakàre kaäikàkko
kàeru to return, kakàa tèeshÏki, -èi- kaäaru° kakÏkyùuka
to be hatched: kakaadè˙ka kaäakuryòohoo -äakàru: shibai- kakÏkìru
kaerànai, kae- kakai° kakaäeru° äakàru, aomi- kakÏkudàsu°
ròo, kaerimà- kàäai° extracur- kàkasa˙ äakàru kakÏkudòku°
su, kàette, kàe- ricular kakashi° Kàäawa kakÏkumòru°
reba, kàere kàäai red-light kakasu° Kaäawàke˙ kakÏkurèru°
kaeruòyoäi district kakasazu° kakawàrazu kakÏkèsu
kaerùtobi° gakai° kakazuràu kakawari° kakÏkòoshuu
kaerumata° kaäaikàtsudoo kaäàsuri kakawàru° kakiäòori
kae˙° kaäaikòoäi kakato° kàka˙° kakÏkòtoba
gae˙jìru kaäàisha kaäamaru° kàäa˙ kakÏkòmu
kae˙dàiko kakae° kaäamì kaki° persimmon kakÏkowàsu°
kaè˙bi˙° kakaekòmu kaäamiìta kakì hedge kaäizàki°
kae˙hooshàki kakaedàsu kaäamijì˙ kaäì key kakizàràsa
kao° kakàènushi kaäamìtate gakì kakÏsibu°
kaoàwase° kakaeru° kaäamibari° kakiaäe° kakiju˙°
kaoiro° kàkao kaäamibìraki kakiaäèru° kakÏshirùsu°
kàoo° kàkaku° kaäamìmochi kàki oyster, kakÏsute°
kaokàtachi° kàäaku chemistry kaäamiwari° heat, flower- kakisÎtèru°
kaoäàwari° kaäaku° amount kaäamu° ing season, kakÏsoèru°
kàoku gàäaku kaäameru° summertime kakÏsokonai°
kaokùzee, -ei kaäakuèesee, -ei kaäayakashìi kakiatsumèru° kakÏsokonàu°
kaojàshi˙ kaäakÎkìäoo kaäayakàsu kaäiateru° kakizome°: oka-
kàosu kaäakugijùtsı- kaäayakì° kaäiana° kizome°
132 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kakÏso˙ji° kakinokèru° kaäìtte, kaäìre- kàkueki° gakÎsa˙°


kakÏso˙jìru° kakinokòsu° ba, kaäìre kakuekÏtèesha, -èi- kakÎshi° to die
kakidàiäaku kakìnoshi kakiwakèru kakuenèrùgii abroad
gakidàishoo kakinòzoki kaäiwakèru° kakueri° kakÎshì hidden
kak*itashi° kakinotàne kakiwari° gakue˙° kàkuji
kakidashi° kaäinòte kaki˙° -gàkue˙: jiyuu- gakÎshi° school
kakÏdàsu Kakinòmoto HÏ- kaku° chip, lack: gàkue˙ fees
kaäidàsu tomaro°, Kaki- kakanai°, ka- gakue˙tòshi gàkÎshi gradu-
kakÏtatèru° nòmotohÏto- kòo, kakimàsu, kakuochi° ated
kaäitàbako maero kaite°, kakèba, kakuobi° gàkuji
kakÏtama° kakÏhajimèru° kakè gakuo˙° kakÎshìaji
kakÏchiäai° kaäìbana° kaku° stroke kàkÎka, kàkka gakÎshìi˙
kakÏchiäae° kaäìbàri kàku thus, in kakkai°, kakÎkai° kakÎshiò˙na
kakÏchiäaèru° kak˜ha˙° this way: kaka- sumo circles kakushÏki°
kakÏchiràsu° kakÏfùrai nai, kakoo, ka- kakÎkai° various gakushÏkeekè˙-
kakitsÎke° kakiburì° kimasu, kaite, fields sha, -ei-
kakitsÎkèru° kaäihòkku kakeba, kake kakùäai kakushÏkibàru
kaäitsukèru kakimazèru° kàkù angle gakùäai kakÎshìgee, -ei
kaäikko° kakimawàsu° kàku° bishop kàkÎkaku° kakÎshìäo
kakÏtsuzukèru° kakimidàsu° kakù corner kakÎkàkÎsa˙ gakÎshìäoo
kakitsÎtae° kakimushìru° -kaku: tè˙shıka- kakÎkàzoku kakÎshiäotò°
kakitsÎtaèru° kakìmochi ku kakuäata° kakÎshidate°
kakÏtsùbata kakiimorashi° kaäu° to smell, kakuäari° kakushÏtsu° ker-
kakÏtè kakimoràsu° to sni‡: kaäa- kàkuäi atin
gakìdoo kakìmo˙ nai, kaäoo, ka- gakùäyoo kàkÎshitsu guest
kakÏtodomèru° kaäìya äimasu, kaide, kakugù˙shÎku room
kakÏtome° kakyakÎse˙° kaäeba, kaäe gakùäee°, -ùäei° kakujitsu°
kakÏtomekozù- kaäyakÎhà˙noo kàäu furniture gakuäèei˙, -èi- kakujìkke˙
tsumi kakyuu° gaku° frame gakuäèekai, -èi- kakujitsÎsee°, -ei°
kakÏtomeyùubi˙ kakyuukà˙ri gàku° learning: gakuäeedàigaku, kàkÎshite
kakÏtomèru° kakyùusee, -ei gàkuäaaru, gà- -ei- kakÎshidori°
kakÏtori° kakyuuteki° kuoosame, gà- gakuäeki° kakÎshibòochoo
kakÏtòru kakyoo° climax, kunodokuritu kakuäetsu° kakÎshibòta˙
kaäitòru to build a bridge gàku calyx kàkuke˙ kakÎshimòtsu
kakinaoshi° kàkyoo overseas -äaku: shi˙rìäaku kakùäe˙° kàkÎsha
kakinaòsu° Chinese kakuaäe° kàkÎko, kàkko gakÎsha°
kakinaäàsu° kàäyoo kàkùi kàkùäo kakÎshaku°
kakinaäùru° kàkyoku gàkùi kàkÎkoo gakÎshàhada
kakinàmasu kakyòkıshuu kakuitsu° kàkÎsa° gakÎshabùru
kakinaràsu° kakiyosèru° kakuitsÎteki° kakùzai° kàkÎshu
kakinarèru° kàäirì gakuirò˙bu˙ gakÎsai° kakÎshuu°
kakinikùi -kàäiri: konoba- kàkui˙° kakÎsaku° kakujuu°
kakinuki° kaäiri gakui˙° kakusaäè° gakÎshuu°
kakinùku kaäirinài -gàkui˙: bu˙ka- kakuzàtoo gakÎshùui˙
kakìne kaäìru: kaäirà- gàkui˙ kakuzara° gakÎshuushidoo-
kakineäoshi° nai, kaäiròo, kakuu° gakuzara° yòoryoo
kakinòki kagirimàsu, kaäuu° kakÎsa˙° gakÎshùujuku
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 133

kakÎshugàkkoo gakÎsoku° kakunì° kakumakuìshoku kakurè


gakùjutsu° gakÎsotsu° kakuni˙° kakumisàiru kakuree°, -ei°
gakujutsÎkàiäi kakÎsodè° gakuni˙° gàkumu gakuree°, -ei°
gakujutsuäo° kakudai° kakunuki° kakumee°, -ei° kakurèoni
gakujutsuyòoäo gakÎtai° kakune˙° akumee°, -ei° kakurèäa
kàkÎsho kakudaikyoo° gakune˙° kakumeeka°, -ei- gakureki°
kakÎshoo° con- kakudaisaisèe- gakune˙sh˜kè˙ revolutionary kakurèzato
clusive evidence sa˙, -èi- kakunè˙ryoo kakumèeka, -èi- kakurebàsho°
kàkÎshoo de- kàkÎtaru kakunoo° revolutionary kakuremìno
partment kakÎta˙° kakunoäòtoshÏ song kakurèru: kaku-
kàkujoo kakuda˙° kàkÎha kakumèegu˙, -èi- rènai, kakure-
gakÎshoo° gakuda˙° gàkÎha° gakume˙° yòo, kakuremà-
gakÎshoku° kakudà˙too kakubàkÎhatsu gakume˙ware° su, kakùrete,
kakÎshi˙° kakuchÏku° kakubàshira kàkumo kakurèreba,
kàkuji˙ kakÎchuu° gakubatsu° gakùmo˙ kakurèro
gakuji˙° kakÎchoo° exten- kakubàru gakumo˙joo° kakurè˙bo
kakÎshi˙teki° sion kakÎha˙° gakumo˙teki° kakuroo°
kakÎshì˙ha˙ kakÎchoo° gov- anxiety kaäùya kakuro˙°
kakısù: kakÎsà- ernment o‚ce kàkÎha˙° di‡er- gakuya° kaäuwashìi
nai, kakÎsòo, gakÎchoo° ent gakuyairi° gakuwari°
kakÎshimàsu, kakÎchòoshi kakÎhà˙noo gakuyaura° kakù˙°
kakùshÏte, ka- kakÎtsuu° sumo gakÎhi° gakuyaochi° gakù˙
kıseba, kakıse expert kakubiki° kakuyasu° kake° fragment
kakÎsùu kàkÎtsuu to kakuhÏtsu° gakuyasùzume kakè credit
kakuzuke° send separately kakubi˙° gakuyabànashi -kake°: yomika-
kakÎsùru kàkÎte kàkubu kaäuyàhime ke°, tabekake°
kakÎsee°, -ei° kakÎtee°, -ei° gakÎfu° score gakuyuu° kàäe
gakÎsee°°, -ei° kakÎteeshì˙ko- gàkÎfu fathers- kakuyùuäoo gake°
kakÎseeìde˙°, -ei- ku, -ei- in-law kàkuyoo -äake°: tasÎkiäa-
gakuseeù˙doo, -ei- kakÎteeteki°, -ei- gàkubu° gakuyòohi˙° ke°, yukiäake
kakÎsèeki, -èi- kàkÎteru kakÎfuu° kàäura kakeai°
kakÎsèezai°, -èi- kakÎterudòresu gakÎfuu° kaäuràuta kakeaibànashi
gakÎsèesho, -èi- kakÎterupàatii kakufÎku° Kaäuràzaka kakeaimà˙zai
gakÎseeshì˙bu˙, gakÎte˙° kakubùsoo kaäuradàiko kakeàu
-ei- gakude˙° gakubuchi° kaäuràde˙ kakeaäàru°
gakÎsèefÎku, -èi- kàkudo gakubùchoo kakura˙°, koora˙° kakèashi
gakÎsèeboo, -èi- gàkÎto kakubù˙retsu gakura˙° kakeawàsu°
gakÎseki° kakÎtoo° kakÎhèeki, -èi- kàkuri° kakeawasèru°
gakÎsekìbo gakudoo° kakubeejìshi, -ei- gàkuri kakee°, -ei°
kàkÎsetsu kakÎtòoäi kakÎheki° kakuritsu° akèehi, -èi-
kakuzetsu° gakudoosòkai kakubetsu° kakuribyòotoo kakèebo, -èi-
gakusetsu° gakudoohòiku kakÎhè˙ka kakuryoo° kaäèuta
kakuze˙° kakÎtoku° kàkÎho gakuryoo° kakeùdo˙
gakuze˙° gakÎtoku° kakÎhoo° gakùryoku° kakeuri°
kakÎsè˙soo gàkÎtoshÎtsuji˙ kakuboo° gakuryokÎkè˙sa kaäèe
kàkÎsoo kakùnai kakumàu gakuryokush˜kè˙ kakèeri°
gakÎsoo° gakùnai kakumaku° gakuryokutèsÎto kakèo
134 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kakeochi° kakène kaäèru kakotsÎke° kazake°, -ze-


kakeorìru° kakehaäi° kaäèroo kakotsÎkèru° kasaäo°
kakeäai° kakèhashi kaäeroonìkki kaäonuke° kazaäòe°
kakeäae° kakehazushi° kakewasure° kaäonukesàäi kasasaäi°
kakekaèru° kakehanarèru° kakewasurèru° kaäonotori° kazashi°
kàäekatachi kakèbàri kakewatàsu° kakobù˙shi kazashimo°
kakeäane° kakehi°, kakei° kake˙° kakomi° kazasu°
kakèäami° kakèhÏki° kaäe˙° adjust- kakomu°: kako- kasadaka°
kaäeki° extreme kàäehinata ment manai°, kako- kasàtate
kàäeki opera kakebùto˙ kàäe˙° waning mòo, kakomi- gasatsu°
kaäekÏha° kakehedatàru° moon màsu, kako˙- kasàkkàki
kakèki˙° kaäebè˙kei, -ee -kàäe˙: shiokà- de°, kakomèba, Kazàkku
gakekùzure kaäeboshì° äe˙, utsumukÏ- kakomè kazatooshì°
kaäèäuchi kaäemàtsuri kàäe˙ kaäome° kazanami°
kakekùrabe kakemàmori kàko kaäoya° kazanari°
kakèäo kakemawàru° kaäo° basket kako˙° kasanariàu
kakèäòe kàäemi kàäo providence, kaäo˙° kasanaru°: kasa-
kakèäoto gakèmichi° mistake kasa° tumor naranai°, kasa-
kakekòtoba kaäemùsha° kakoi° kàsa umbrella naròo, kasana-
kakekomi° kakeme° shortage kakoimono° kasà bulk rimàsu, kasa-
kakekomidera° of weight kakou°: kakowa- kasaaäe° natte°, kasane-
kakekòmu kakème gravity nai°, kakoòo, kazaana° rèba, kasanarè
kakèäoya° force kakoimàsu, ka- kasai° kasane°
kakèza˙ kakemeäùru° kotte°, kakoè- Kàsai kasaneawasèru
kakèji kakemochi° ba, kakoè kazai° flower ar- kasaneäàsane
kakèjiku kakemòtsu kaäoùtsÎshi rangement ma- kasaneäi°
kakèjaya kakèmono kakoo° terial kasaneru°: kasa-
kakejòoyu kaäèmono kaäoo° kàzai family nenai°, kasane-
kakesu° kaäèmo˙ gakoo° goods yòo, kasanemà-
kakèzu kakèya gàäoo gazai° su, kasanete°,
kakesÎte° kakeyòru kakòoäa˙ kasaikèehoo, -èi- kasanerèba,
kakezurimawàru° kakera° kakòoäyoo kazaidòoäu kasanerò
kaäèze˙ kaäerì kakòoko kasaihooch˜ki kazabana°,
kakesoba° kakeru° to break, kakoose˙° kasaihòke˙ -hana°
kakedashi° to chip, to kakòochi˙ kasàiryuu kasabàru
kakedàsu wane: kake- kakòonyuu kasakasa° dry kasabuta°
kakechiäàu° nai°, kakeyòo, kakòohi˙° kàsakasa rustle kazamàdo°
kaketsu° kakemàsu, ka- kaäòobutsu gasagasa° chap- kazami°
kakèkura, -èkk- kete°, kakerè- kakòoheki ped (hand) kazamìdori
kaketsÎkesà˙bai ba, kakerò kaäokàkì gàsagasa rustle kasàmu°
kaketsÎkèru° kakèru to hang, kakoku° kazakami° kasàya
kakèkko to ride, to can- kakokee°, -ei° Kasaäiyama° kazayokè°, kaze-
gakeppÎchi° ter: kakènai, Kaäoshima° kasaku° kazari°: okazari°
kakedòkee, -ei kakeyòo, kake- Kaäoshimàke˙ kazaäùsuri gasàrì
kakètori° màsu, kàkete, Kaäoshimàshi kazaäuchi° kazarike°, -kke°
kaäenàäara° kakèreba, ka- kakochoo° kazaäumo° kazarìshoku
kakenukèru° kèro kakòtsu kazaäùruma kazaritatèru
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 135

kazaritsÎke° kash˜kì˙ kajibà° kashoo° te°, kasèba, kasè


kazaritsÎkèru kashÏkì˙ko kashìbako kajoo° kàsu change
kazarimàdo kashìäu kashìbachi gàshoo art dealer kàzu
kazarimono° kashÏkudasare° kajibadòroboo gàshoo Happy gàsu
kazariya° kashiäèru kashÏpa˙° New Year kasui° suspension
kazaru°: kazara- kàshÏko, -Ïku kashibiru° gajoo° kàsui river water
nai°, kazaròo, kashÏkòi kashibùkuro kajooäaki° gasuito°
kazarimàsu, kashÏkòsa kashibùto˙ kashoohyòoka kasuibù˙kai
kazatte°, kaza- kashÏkoshi° kashibune° kajoobòoee, -ei Kazue°
rèba, kazarè kashÏkòsu kajìboo° kajoomai° Kazuo°
kasa˙° adding up kashÏkodòkoro kashibòoto kashoku° gasuori°
kàsa˙° estate kashÏkomàru kashÏho˙° kashòkıshoo kàsÎka
kàza˙ kashÏkòmu kashìbo˙ kashirà: okashi- Kàsuäa
gasa˙° kashÏsaki° kashÏho˙ya° ra° leader kasuäai°
kasa˙kasùiso kashÏzàshÏki kashima° -kashira (v.): gasuäàisha
kazà˙äa˙ kashìzara Kàshima nakÎkashira, Kasuäajì˙ja
kasà˙zee, -ei kashijitè˙sha kashimashìi yòmukashira, kasÎkasu° he
kaza˙see°, -ei° kashÏshiburi° kashimàdachi° akàikashira, passed his exam
kaza˙tai° kashishÏtsu° kashimànada shiròikashira kàsÎkasu dry “
kazà˙da˙ kashijimùsho Kashimìiru -kàshira, -kashi- tasteless
kazà˙bai kashizùku kashimise° ra (n.): torikà- kàzukazu
kaza˙bàichi kashÏseki° kajimìmai shira, hanàka- kasuäadòoroo
kazà˙myaku kashidaore° kashimia°, -iya° shira, àmeka- Kàsuäanotsubone
kashi° loan kashidashi° kajimuki° shira gasuäama°
kàshi confection- kashidashÏki˙° kashimoto° kashiràji gasÎka˙°
ery, word, li- kashidàsu kàsha kashiradàtsu kàzuki°, -tsuäi
bretto, lower kashÏchi° kashiya° house kashiràbu˙ gasÎkìäu
limbs, legs kash˜chì˙ for rent kashiramòji kazùku
kàji kashÏtsu° kashìya candy kajìritsÎku° gasÎketsu°
gàshi kashitsÎke°, store kashìryoo kazukèru
kashiìshoo kashÏtsuke° kajiya° kajìru Kàzuko
kashìire kashitsÎkeki˙° kashaku° kajiròodoo gasÎkò˙ro
kashiuri° kashitsÎkeshì˙ta kashiyàfuda kashiwa° kàzusa
kashìori° ku kàshu kashiwàde° kashijìru°
kajika° kashitsÎkèryoo kàju kashiwàmochi kasuzukè°
kajikaäàeru kashitsÎkèru gàshu° Kashiwajì˙äùu gasusÎtòobu
kashÏkata° kajitsıshu° kàjuaru kashi˙° too much gasÎse˙°
kajikamu° kashÏtsuchìshi kashuu° songbook confidence kàsÎtaa
kash˜kari kashÏtsuchÏshìzai kàshuu cashew, kàshi˙ vassal kasÎtàado
kashÏkà˙ kashÏppÎchi° California kàji˙ family kasÎtaadopùri˙
kash˜ki kashÏte° kajuu° members gasÎtàabi˙
kàjiki kash˜te˙ gashuu° kàji˙° poet gasudai°
kashÏkiri° kashidòori kashuunàttsu gàshi˙shoota˙, kasÎtanètto
kashÏkirìsha kajìtòri kajùe˙ gàshi˙ shoota˙° kàsÎtamu
kashÏkiribàsu kajidoro° gajumaru°, gaji- kasu° lend: kasa- gasÎtà˙ku
kashÏkirìfuda kashinushi° kàsho nai°, kasòo, ka- gasÎchùudoku
kashÏkìru kàjino kàjo shimàsu, kashÏ- kasÎtera°
136 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

gasÎtoo° kasèeji˙, -èi- kazoèbi kataìki° katakuna°


kasÎtori° kaseesòoda, -ei- kazoèru: kazoè- kataijì° katàkuri
gasunuki° kasèefu, -èi- nai, kazoeyòo, kadàishi katakùrìko
gasunuki° kazèi˙ kazoemàsu, ka- kataita° katakurushìi, -kk-
kazunoko° kaseki° zòete, kazoère- kataìppo, -oo kataäùruma
gasubàkÎhatsu kàseäì ba, kazoèro kataìto° kataäèru
gasuburo° kasèkÏsai kasoo° cremation, kataìnaka katakoi°
gasubò˙be kasäidàsu° imagination kadaihyòoka kàtakoshi
gasumàsÎku kaseäitè° kasòo° addition katàiryoo kataäoshi°
kasumi° kaseäìni˙° kazoo° katairè° katakotò°
kasumìami° kazeäimi° gazòo° kataudè° katakotomàjiri
Kasumiäàura kasèäu: kaseäà- kasookàikyuu katàe° katàkoto
Kasumiäàseki nai, kaseäòo, kasoogyòoretsu kataèkubo katasakì°
kasumu° kaseäimàsu, ka- kasooshàkai kataeda° katashÏki°
kasumetòru sèide, -èede, ka- kasooba° Katàoka Nizàe- katajikenài
kasumèru° sèäeba, kasèäe kasoku° mo˙ katàshirò
kazùmono kazeäùsuri kàzoku gataochi° kataji˙°
gasumore° kazeke°, -za- gàzoku kataòmoi katazu°
Kazuyo° kasetsu° fiction kazokuàwase kataoya° katasıkàshi
kazura° kàsetsu° auspi- kazokÎkà˙kee, -ei kataäakì° katazùku
kazuraòke scious occasion kazokuäùrumi kataäakìtsÎki katazukemonò°
kazuraòbi kasetsujùutaku kazokÎkèekaku, katàkake katazukèru
kazuramono° kasètto -èi- katakàäe katàsÎtòrofii
kasurì touching kasettotèepu kazokÎshùäi katàäata katasùberi
lightly kazetooshì° kazokuzure° -katàäata: shiäo- katasùmi°
kasuri° kimono kazenuki° kazokÎsèedo, -èi- tokatàäata katazumi°
with (splashed kazenokàmi kasokÎsòochi gatagata° shaky katazoo°
pattern) kazenoko° kazokÎtèate gàtagata rattle katasodè°
kasurìkizu kazenotàyori kasòkùdo katàkàna katazomè°
kasurimòyoo kazehÏkì° kazokubùro° katakamàyari katàdai°
kasùru kazamuki°, -ze- kasòzai° kataäami° katatàtaki
gasureizòoko, -ee- kazeyoke°, -za- kasòchi kataäawa°, -akka- katadàyori
kasurèru kaseru° gasori˙° katakawàmachi katapàtto, -ddo
gasurè˙ji kase˙° wiring gasori˙sÎtà˙do kataäàwari katachi°
kàse kàse˙ riverboat kàta shoulder katakì katachizukùri
kaze° kaze˙° katà model kataäi° katachibàkari
kazeatari° gaze˙° -äata: jiyuuäata°, -äàtaki: goäàtaki katachì˙ba
kasee°, -ei° trans- gasè˙shi tamaäoäata° katakìuchi katàtsÎki super-
formation, tyr- kasè˙jiki, -shÏki katààäe katakidòoshi script
anny kàso kataashi° katàäinu katàtsÎki° pat-
kàsee, -ei water gàso katàate° katakiyaku° terned
clearing kazòè katai°: katàkatta, kataku° gatatsÎku°
kazee°, -ei° kazoeaäèru° kataku°, katà- katakùzure katatsÎkè
gasee°, -ei° kazoèuta kÎte, katàkere- katakÎsòosaku katappashì°
kaseeka° kazoekirènai° ba, katàshÏ katàkÎchi° katàppo, -oo
kasèeäa˙, -ei- kazoetateru° kadai° katakÎchiìwashi katatsùmuri
kaseekì˙shi, -ei- kazòèdoshi gadai° katàäuchi katatsù˙bo
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 137

katatè° katamari° kataribe° kach˜te˙° kai° the world


katateochi° katamaru°: ka- katarimono° kachìdoki° of sumo
atatenàbe tamaranai°, kataru° to tell: kachidokìbashi kakkai° listen to
katatemà° katamaròo, ka- kataranai°, ka- kachÏtòru representatives
katadòori tamarimàsu, taròo, katarimà- kachinànori gakkai°
katatokì° katamatte°, ka- su, katatte°, ka- kachiniäe° KàtsÎ Kàishuu
katadòru tamarèba, ka- tarèba, katarè kachinuki° kakkaku°
katànà tamarè kàtaru catarrh kachinùku kakkàza˙
katanàkake katami° one katàrùshÏsu kachinokòru° kàkkasooyoo,
katanàkaji side, keepsake kataroäu° kachÏhàdashi kàkka sooyoo°
katanàäare kàtami to feel katàwa kachÏhà˙da˙ gàtsugatsu
katanàkizu ashamed katawakì° kachÏhokòru° gakkàri
katanashi° katamìäoro katawaku° kachìboshi kakka˙°, kyakk-
katani° katamichi° katawamonò° kàchìmake katsuäa˙°
katanukì° katamiwake° katawarà° kachimàmori gakka˙°
katanùäi katamukì° katawarè° kachìmè kakki°
katanùkÏte katamùku katawarèzuki gàchagacha kàzuki°, kàtsuäi°
katanùäu katamukèru kata˙° clankety-clank gakki°
kataneri° katamùsubi kada˙° decisive gachagachà° Me- katsuäikòmu°
kataha°, -ba° katame° kàda˙ flower bed copoda nippo- kakkizùku
katahai° katameru°: kata- gada˙° nensis katsuäidàsu°
katahaih˜koo menai°, kata- katà˙ìto kàchuu° person kakkÏteki°
katàbàkari meyòo, katame- kàchi value, on (concerned) gakkìmatsu
katahashì° màsu, katame- foot kàchuu whole katsuäiya°
katahàzure te°, katamerèba kachì to win family gakkyuu°
katàhada katamerò gàchi Kàchuu kàkkyo
katàhaba katame˙° -äachi°: kurome- kachoo° boss kàtsuäyo
katabami° katamochì° äachi° kàchoo flowers kakkyoo°
kataharaitài kataya° shed roof kachiàu° “ birds kakkìri
katapàruto kàtàya some- kachiìkÎsa gachoo° kakkìru°
katapa˙° where kachiiro° kachooki˙° kakki˙°
katahizà° katayaki° kachìuma° kachoofùuäetsu, katsùäu
katabìsashi katayàburi kachieru kàchoo fùuäetsu gàkku°
katahiji° one katayama° kachÏkachi° ex- kachìro˙ kakkuu°
elbow katayude° tremely obsti- kàtsu: katànai, gakkùri
kàtahiji swagger katayosèru nate katòo, kachi- kakke°
gàtapÏshi katayorì° kàchÏkachi tick- màsu, kàtte, gakkee°, -ei°
katabirà° katayòru ing clock kàteba, kàte katsuäeki°
katabutsu° katarài° gachigachi° katsuretsu° kakkeshoòshi˙
katabùtori° kataràu kachÏkachìyama katsuejini° kakketsu°
gataberi° katari° kach˜ka˙ katsuèru kàkko parenthe-
katahoo° one katariàu kachÏkì° katsuo° ses, firm, stead-
cheek katariakàsu kachÏku° katsuòäi fast
katàhoo one side katarìäusa° kachìäuri katsuobushi° kàkko Japanese
kataboo° katarìkÎchi° kachÏkoshi° kàkka hourglass drum
katabòoeki kataritsùäu kachÏkòsu gakka° kakkoìi
katahòtori katarite° kachÏppanashi° kakkai°, kakÎ- kakkoo° down-
138 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

hill skiing gasshìri katsudooka° kàtsumata kade˙nokÎtsu°,


kàkkoo Japanese katsuji˙äa° katsudoosh˜kì˙ katsumoku° kàde˙no kÎtsù
cuckoo kassui° katsudooshàshi˙ katsuyaku° kàto
katsuäoo° kassùiki katsudooteki° katsuyakıki˙ kàdo
gakkoo° kassùru° katsudòohi katsuyoo° katoo° low
-gàkkoo: hanayo- gassùru° katsudòoryoku katsuyòoju katòo° fructose
megàkkoo kassee°, -ei° kattogùrasu katsura° Kàtoo
gakkòoi kasseeta˙°, -ei- kattòsoo Kàtsura Bù˙raku Kàtoo Kiyòma-
gakkooèesee, -èisei kasseki° kattobàsu° katsuraku° sa, Kàtookiyo-
gakkookyùusho- kasse˙° kattòme˙ katsurashÏta° masa
ku katsuze˙° katsudo˙° katsurash˜tàji kadoo° operation
gakkookyòoiku kassoo° kappa° rain jacket katsuraya° kàdoo flower
gakkòoäu˙ gassoo° kàppa to declare Katsurarìkyuu arrangement
gakkookeeee, -èiei kassòodai° kappatsu° katsùryoku° gàdoo
gakkòochoo kassòoro kappamaki° katsuree°, -ei° kadookyoo°
gakkoode° kàttaa kapparai° katsurekimono° katookyòosoo
gakkoohòosoo kattaashàtsu kapparàu° katsuretsu° katooshokùbutsu
kàkkoku° gattai° kappa˙° kàtsuro katoosèeji, -èi-
kakkòmu kattatsu° kappa˙ì˙satsu kàtsuwa katoodòobutsu
kassai° katsudatsu° kappa˙jò° kàtè katòobushi
gassaibùkuro kàtta˙° kappa˙zuri° katee°, -ei° kadòoritsu
gassaku° katsudà˙soo kappa˙ya° kateeka°, -ei- kadokadoshìi
gassatsu° gacchi° gappi° katèeäi°, -èi- katòki
kassatsujìzai° kacchaku° gappyoo° kateekyòoiku, -ei- kàtoku°
gassa˙° kacchùu° kappu°, wappu° kateekyòoshi, -ei- katokÎsòozoku
Gàssa˙ kacchìri eight-month kateekee°, -ei- kadòäuchi
katsÎsà˙do gacchìri (installment kateesàie˙, -ei- kadosakì°
katsuji° gàttsu plan) kateisaiba˙shò° kadozuke°
KatsùshÏka gattsÎku° kàppu cup katèeji˙, -èi- kadodàtsu
KatsushÏkàku katte° selfish kappÎku° kateesèekatsu, -èi- kadodatèru
KatsushÏkahòkÎ- kàtsÎte, kàtte kappÎkèeki kateesòoäi, -ei- kadòchi°
sai, KatsùshÏka once, formerly katsuobushi°, kateeteki°, -ei- kadochìäai
HòkÎsai kàtti˙äu° -tsubu- kateemuki°, -ei- kadodè°
katsujiba˙° kattekimama° kappuhà˙bai kateeyoo°, -ei- kadonami°
katsujibo˙° kattèäuchi° kappùme˙ katèera˙, -èi- kadobàru
kàssha° katteshìdai kàppuru katèeteru kadòbi
gasshùukoku kattedòoäu gappee°, -ei° katègorii kadòmatsu
gasshÎku° kattemuki° gappeeshoo°, -ei- kàteekuwaete kadòmise°
kasshoo° kattemoto° katsube˙° katèdoraru kadomìumu,
katsujoo° gattè˙ kàppo -äàtera: asobiäà- -myùu-
gasshoo° chorus kàtto to cut katsuboo° tera katorisè˙koo
gasshoo° greeting kàtto° to lose kappoo° kade˙° katorìkku
people by join- one's temper kappòoäi gàte˙° katorea°, -eya°
ing palms gàtto kappòote˙ gàden i˙sui°, kadowakashi°
gasshootai° kattoo° kappooryòka˙ gade˙i˙sui° kadowakàsu
gasshòoda˙ katsudoo° kàppore kadè˙sho° kato˙°
kasshoku° katsudòoi˙ gàppo˙ kadè˙tsa katò˙bo
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 139

kana° Kanàzawa kaname° kanezashi° kanokòmochi


-kana: kanashìi- Kanazawàshi Kanamechoo° kanesà˙da˙ kànojo
kana, tanoshìi- Kanazawahàk- kanamèmochi kanejaku° kanòto
kana kee, -ei kanamoji° kaneshòo kàno˙
-kana: nàkÎka- Kanazawabù˙ko kanamono° kanezùkai kàba
na, yòmukana, kanashii°: kanà- kanamonoya° kanezukù° kabaagàaru
akàikana, shi- shÏkatta, kana- kanayama° kanezùtsumi kahai°
ròikana shÏku°, kanash˜- kanarazu° kanezùmari° kabaidate°
-kàna: -kana: kÎte, kanàshÏ- kanarazùshimo kanezuru° kabairo°
nakÎkàna, yò- kereba, kanàshÏ kanarazùya° kanesonaèru° kabàu
mukana kanashiäàru kànari kanedaka° kahaku° to anchor
-kàna: -kana: to- kanashÏki° Kanaria°, -iya° kanetàtaki temporarily
rikàna, hanàka- kanashiäe° ganàru kanetsu° heating kàhaku° forearm
na, àmekana kanàshÏsa° kanawa° kanetsù° heat gàhaku°
-kanà: -kana: to- kanashìbari° kana˙° kanètsıki heater kabàshira°
rikana°, hanà- kanashibu° Kàna˙ kanetsÎkì° bell kabane°
kana, àmeka- kanashimì° kani° ringer kabayaki°
na, kanaami° kanashìmu kanika˙° kanetsÎkidoo° kabàrai
kànai kanajàkÎshi kàniku° kànete kabari°
kanaikòoäyoo kanazùkai kanikòose˙° kanedòkoro° kaha˙° lower half
kanaijuu° kanazùchì kanitama° kanebako° kàha˙° riverside
kanairo° kanazòoshi kanibaba° kanebànare° kàha˙ lately
kanairòodoo kànata ganimata° kanebira° kaba˙° bag
kanàu Kànada kanyuu° kanehe˙° gaba˙°
kanàèru kanadàrai kanyùusha kanemàwari° kahà˙shi˙
kànaka kanàppe kànuu kaneme° kahà˙sùu
kanaäaki° kanatsubomàna- kanumàtsÎchi kanemòoke° kabà˙mochi
Kanàäaki Rò- ko kane° kanemòchì kàhi
bu˙, Kanaäaki- kanatsù˙bo Kàne kanemoto° kabi° mold
ròbu˙ kanateko° -kane, -kane (verb, kanèru kàbi splendor
kanaäàshira kanadèho˙chuu- adj.): nakıkane, kanè˙gomi kabikÎsài
kanakànà shi˙äura, kana- yòmukane, akài- kane˙see°, -ei° kàpÏta˙
Kanàäawa dèhon chuu- kane, shiròikane kanè˙do kahÏtsu°
Kanaäawàke˙ shi˙äura° -kanè (n.): tori- kanè˙butsu gahÏtsu°
kanakiriäòe kanadèru kanè, hanàka- kàno gabyoo°
kanàki˙, -nè- kanatoko° ne, àmekane kanoiwài kabiru°
kanaäu° kananyùuryoku kaneai° kanoe° kahi˙°
kanakuäi° kanabàsami kaneàtsume kanoo° kabi˙°
kanakuäiryuu° kanahìbashi kaneìrè Kanoo° Èetoku, kabì˙shoo°
kanakÎsài kanabutsu° kanekàshi° Kanooèetoku kàfu
kanaäushi° kànabu˙° kaneäane° Kanoo° Tà˙yuu, kabu° turnip
kanakùzu kanahebi° kanekari° Kanootà˙yuu kàbu lower part
kanaäùtsuwa kanaboo° kanekà˙joo kanòoki˙° gàfu°
kanaäuri°, -ne- kanabòohÏki kanekùimushi kanooha° kafuu° low rank
kanaäurisÎtèru kanabo˙° keneäura° kànoko kàfuu° family
kanake° kanamàishi˙ kaneäuri° kanokoshìbori traditions
kanasabi° kanamàjiri° Kaneko° kanokomàdara gafuu°
140 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kafèi˙ kabùnushi° kàbe˙° ri˙äamashìi, kamìäaki


kàfe, -ee kabunushÏsòokai kahe˙sh˜ho˙ uramiäamashìi kamikàkÎshi, -äà-
kafeòre° kafunè˙ki˙ kahoo° addition- kamàshÏki° kàmikàkete
kafetèrasu gabunomi° al allowance kamasù° barra- kamikàzari
kafetèria, -iya kabuma° kàhoo° family cuda kamìkaze
kabuki° kabuya° treasure kamàsu that fel- kamiäata°
gabugabu° all kabura° kahòo° downward low is such a hairstyle
that juice is kaburàna° kàhoo luck smart aleck, I Kamiäatà° Kyo-
(sloshing a- kaburàya kàhoo° artillery think I'll (bust to-Osaka area
round) in my kaburi° head gàhoo° him in the Kamiäatazèerokù
stomach kaburì headdress kahoomakè° mouse) kamìkàtachi°
gàbugabu to kaburitsÎki° kahoomonò° kamasù° straw hairstyle
gulp (down) kaburitsıku° Kàhoku bag kamiäatafuu°
some water kaburimonò° kàboku Kàmata kamiäatàmai
kabuki° kabùru: kaburà- kahòäo kamatakì° kamiäataràkuäo
kabukiza° nai, kaburòo, kabosòi° kamachi° kamìäami
kabukÏshìbai kaburimàsu, kabocha° kamado° gàmigami
kabukijuuhachì- kabùtte, kabù- kàpòkku kamatoto° kamìki
ba˙, kabuki° reba, kabùre gàbotto gamanoàbura kamìkirì
juuhachìba˙ kabure° kahodo° kamaba° kamikirìmushi
kabukÏhàiyuu kabureru° kaho˙ka° kamabisÎshìi kamikìru
kabukìmo˙ kabuwakè° kama° kiln kamaboko° kàmi god, to
kabukiyàkÎsha kafu˙° kàma sickle kamabokoäata° consider
kafıkyùu kabu˙° gàma cattail kamameshi° kamì paper, hair
kabùki˙° kafù˙shoo° gàma° toad kamamoto° kamikùzu, -kk-
kàfÎku kabe° kamaaäeùdo˙ kamayude° kamikuzùkai
gàfÎku° kàhee, -ei money kamaìtachi gàma˙ kamikuzùkaäo
kafÎkùbu kàhee°, -ei° small kamitè° gama˙zuyòi kamikuzuhìroi
kabùke˙° army force kamàu: kamawà- kama˙bèeru kamikÎse°, -äu-
kabusàru kabee°, -ei° nai, kamaòo, kàmi flavoring, kamikudàku°
kabùshÏki kaheekàchi, -ei- kamaimàsu, ka- deity kamiko°
kabushÏkiäàisha kaheekèezai, màtte, kamàe- kamì paper, hair Kamikòochi
kabushÏkishìjoo -eikèi- ba, kamàe kamiai° kamikonàsu°
kàfÎsu kaheesèedo, -eisèi- kamayude°, kamiàu kamiza°
kafÎsubòta˙ kabeita° -maude° kamiàbura kamizàiku
kabusèru kabekàkè kàmàe kamiàrai kàmisama
kàpÎseru kabeäami° kamàèru kamiàraiko kamisa˙°:
kapÎseruhòteru kabeäiwa° kamaäàeru kamiawàsu° okamisa˙°
kafısòku kabeäoshi° kàmakiri kamiawase° kamishìbai
kapÎchìino kabesh˜tàji kamaäuchi° kamiawasèru° kamishimèru°
kafÎchoosee°, -ei° kabeshì˙bu˙ kamàkubi kamiyùi, -miìi kamishimo°
kàbuto kabesòshoo Kamakurà° kamiisà˙ kamishì˙jì˙
kabutòäani kabetsÎchi° kamakurajìdai kamiidoko° kamìsÎkì
kabutòkubi kabedònari kamakurabàkÎfu kamiìrè kamizùtsumi
Kabutochoo° kabenurì° kamakurabori° kamiòshiroi kamisee°, -ei°
kabutonì˙äyoo kabehÏtòe kamakèru° kamiomùtsu kamiseki°
kabutòmushi kàhe˙ -äamashìi: mi- kamiäàkari kamisòrì
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 141

kamisorimake° kamiyàshÏki kameraà˙guru kayarìbi karaaäe°


kamidana° kamiyàsuri kameràma˙ kayu° karaakòpii
kamidànomi Kamiyachoo° kameraya° kayùi, kaìi karaashàshi˙
kamitàbako kamiyùi, -miìi kamerèo˙ kayubara° karaatèrebi
kamitsu° kamiyuidoko°, kame˙° mask kayumì karaafìrumu
kamitsıku kamii- kàme˙° underside kayumidome° karaari˙gu°
kamitsudàiya kàmìyo gàme˙° kayoi° karài: kàrakatta,
kamitsÎchìiki kamiwakèru° kàmo kayoìäuchi° kàraku, karàkÎ-
kamitsÎtòshi kamiwazà° Kàmono Chòo- kayoìji° te, kàrakereba,
kamitsubùsu° kamiwàru° mee, -ei, Kamo- kayoichoo° kàrashÏ
kamitsùbute kami˙° nochòomee, -ei kayoitsumèru karaìbari
kamite° kamu° to blow Kàmono Màbu- kayou°: kayowa- karairi°
kamitèepu one's nose chi, Kamono- nai°, kayoòo, karaùsu
kamidèppoo kàmu to chew: màbuchi kayoimàsu, ka- karauma°
kamidoko° kamànai, ka- kamòi° yotte°, kayoèba, karauri°
kamidokoya° mòo, kamimà- Kamoäawa° kayoè karae°
ka˙nàzuki, ka- su, kà˙de, kà- kamoku° kayoo° songs “ karaoke°
minà- meba, kàme kamoji° ballads garaochi°
kaminàpÎki˙ gàmu kamoshÏka° kayòo Tuesday karaäai°
kaminàrì gamushara° Kamoshidàsu° kayòokyoku karakaihà˙bu˙
kaminariòkòshi gamutèepu kamojì˙ja gayòoshi karakàu
kaminariòyaji kàmubàkku kamòsu kayoosee°, -ei° karakàsa
kamnairisàmà gàmura˙, -me- kàmotsu kayòobi karàkane°
kaminarìzoku ka˙muri°, kamu- kamotsujidòosha kàyoku° karàkami
Kaminarìmo˙ kamurizuke° kamotsÎse˙° gàyoku° kàrakara
kaminariyoke° kamùru kamotsurèssha kayokè° karaäara°
kaminì˙äyoo kamuro° kamona˙° kayowài garagara° empty
kaminè˙do kàme turtle kàmonòhashi kayowasu° gàragara clatter
kàminòku kamè pot kamofuràaju,-mu- kayowaseru° garagàrà rattle
kaminòke kamee°, -ei° ficti- kamomàtsuri, kàra because of garagaràhèbi
kamìbako° tious name kàmonomatsuri karà empty, hull karaki°
kamibàsami kàmee, -ei sur- kamome° -kara: nakıka- karakizàiku
kamihà˙ki name kamòryoo ra, yòmukara, karaäìnu°
kamihÏkòoki kàmee°, -ei° order kamo˙° family akàikara, shi- karàkÎsa
kamhÏtòe kamèekoku, -èi- crest ròikara karakÎsamòyoo
kamibìna kameedà˙tai, -ei- kàmo˙ lineage -kara°: torikara°, karakuji°
kamìhimo Kameido° kaya° mosquito hanàkara, à- garakÎta°
kamibyòoshi kàmeo net mekara karakÎchi°
kamifùuse˙ gametsùi° kàya torreya gara° pattern kàrakumo
kamibùkuro kamenòko gàyagaya gàra chicken karàkuri°
kamifùbuki kàmeno kòo, ka- kayaku° bones karakurinì˙äyoo
kàmihòtoke menokòo kayakıko° -äara in view of karakùru
kamimàiri kamenokodàwa- Kayabachoo° the present situ- araäùruma
kamimaki° shi kayabuki° ation: bashoäa- karakurènài
kamimòode kamebushi° kayabukiyàne ra° yakumeäara° karaäèeki, -èi-
kamìya kàmera, kyà- kayari° kàraa karaäèru
kamiyàkuni˙ kameraài kayarisè˙koo garaaki° karagè˙ki
142 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

karako° karàcha° karamèru karikomi° kariho°


karakonì˙gyoo karàkkaze° garamono° karikòmu karimàisoo
Karakòrumu karakkÏshi°, -kÏ- karàmo˙° kariäoya° karimata°
kàrasa karakketsu°, -ke- karayàkÎsoku karish˜kkoo karimiya°
karasàwaäi karàtto garayuki° karijimùsho karime˙°: kari-
karashiiro° garappachì° karayoo° karishàkÎhoo mè˙kyo
karashìshi, -jìshi karappo° karàri karishıtsùäoku karimono°
karashijòoyu karatsuyaki° garàrì karishıssho kariya°
karashizuke° karatsuyu° gararìdo karishòozoku kariyàkÎsoku
karashina° karatèäata kara˙° karijòoyaku karyuu°
karasu° to drain, karatèjutsu gàra˙° karishòbu˙ garyuu°
to blight karatechòppu gara˙doo°, -do° karisuma° karyùukai
kàrasu crow, karadèppoo kari° tempora- karizùmai karyùudo
raven karàdo ry, debt karisèefu, -èi- karyuubyoo°
garasu° karatoo° kàri hunting karisome° karìumu, -ryùu-
karasùuri karanè˙butsu gàri karitaòsu mu
garasùe° karabako° kariaäe° karidasarèru karyoo°
kàrasÎka˙zae- karahafu° kariaäèru karidàsu° garyoo°
mo˙, kàrasu karàbitsu° kariatsumèru karitatèru° gàryoote˙see, gà-
ka˙zaemo˙° karabuki° kariìshoo karichi° ryoo te˙see°
karàsÎki° Karafıto akriire° karichòoi˙ kàryoku°
garasÎki° quite karafune°, -bu- kariirèki˙° karìchi˙ karyokÎhàtsude˙
empty karaburi° kariirèru karippanashi° kariru°: karinai°,
garasıki glass- kàrafuru kariue° karitsùya° kariyòo, kari-
ware garàboo kariukèru karite° màsu, karite°,
garasıkiri karabori° kàriesu karitòoki karirèba, karirò
karasùäuchi karamàsu karioya° karitoji° Garireo°
garasÎsè˙i karamasèru karìkashi karitòru kariwàtashi°
karasutè˙äu karàmatsu° karikata° karini° kari˙°
garasùdo° karamarì karikàchua karinui° kari˙too°, -to°
garasutòdana karamàru kariäane° karìnushi° karu° trim,
karasunaki° karamàwari karikabu° karine° prune, shear
garasùbachi karami° travel- karikari° crisp karinokòsu karu° hunt,
garasubari° ing alone with kàrikari on edge karinoyò° drive, spur
garasùbi˙ little luggage garigari° terrib- karibà° -äàru: iyaäàru,
garasumàdo karamìa sharp ly skinny karibashi° kanashiäàruù
karasumi° taste gàrigari media- karibàrai karui°: karùkat-
karasùmùäi -äàrami: stinal crunch kariba˙° ta, karuku°,
Karasumori° gojuuäàrami kariäi° kariba˙zuri° karùkÎte, ka-
karaseki° karamiàu° karìäìnu karihìryoo rùkereba, ka-
araseji° karamiso° kàrikyùramu Kariforùnia, rùshi
karasòoba karamitsıku° karikìru -horùniya Karuìzawa
karada°: okàrada garamìho˙ karikèeyaku, -èi- Karibùkai karuishi°
karadaki° karàmu karikètsuäi karibùshi˙ Karukàtta
karatakewari° karàmushi° karikoshi° karipÎso° karukaya°
karatachi° karamè° karikoshÏki˙° karifuràwaa karuäàru
karadàtsÎki° karametòru° kariäòshirae garibe˙° karuäarushìi
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 143

karuka˙° kareeràisu gawa° Kawaäùch˜ko kawanaka°


kàruki kareòbana -äawa° side: kawaäutsu° Kawanakajima°
karukÎchi° kareki° hidariäawa°, Kawaäoe° kawanàäarè
karukÎchibàna- gareki° gakkooäawa° kawaäoshì° kawanami°
shi karekÎsa° -äawa°, -äawa riv- kawazàiku kawanòji
karukètto kareäòe° er: Yodoäawa° kawazàkana kawabàkama
karusa° kàrekore Sumidàäawa Kawasaki° kawahaäi°
karusa˙° karesà˙sui kawaàkari kawazàrae Kawabatayasù-
karushìumu, kàreshi kawaàsobi kawazà˙yoo nari, Kawaba-
-shùu- karesùsÎki Kawai° kawashimo° ta° Yasùnari
kàruta karetsu° kawaìi kawaja˙° Kawabatakòo-
karutàkai kàrejji kawaiäàru kawajòoki see, Kawabata°
karutàtori kareno° kawaìäe° kawajiri° Kòosee
kàruchaa kareha° kawàìsa kawasu° kawàhaba°
karuchaashòkku karehatèru kawaisòo kawazu° kawabari°
karuchaasè˙taa kàrera kawairashìi kawasuji° kawahimo°
kàrute kareru°: karenai°, kawàuo° kawasùzumi kawabìraki
kàrutetto kareyòo, kare- kawauoryòori kawazùtai kawabùkuro
karudera° màsu, karete°, kawauso° kawazura° kawabùshi˙
karuderàko karerèba, ka- kawaoto° kawase° kawabuchi°,
kàruteru rerò kawaòdoshi kawasee°, -ei° -appÎchi°
kàruto kare˙° kawaòbi° kawasèehi˙, -èi- kawabùne°
karuhàzumi° karè˙daa kawakàsu kawasèäaki kawabè°
karupàccho kàre˙chuukyuu, kawàkaze kawasekà˙ri kawaberi°
kàrubi kàre˙ chuukyuu° kawakami° kawaseshìjoo kawàmizu
karubonàara kare˙totòpìkkÎsu Kawakami° kawasesòoba kawamùkì
karumi° karoo° Kawakamiotòji- kawasetèäata kawamùkoo
karume° garoo° roo, Kawaka- kawasemi° Kawamurazùi-
karumeyaki° karòoshi mi° Otòjiroo kawaserèeto ke˙, Kawamu-
karumera° karòojite° Kawakamisaday kawazoi° ra° Zùike˙
kàrume˙ karòodo, -to àkko, Kawaka- kawasoo° kawamo°
karùyaka kàroäaroshìi mi° Sadayàkko kawazòori kawaya° toilet
karuyaki° kàrochi˙ kawaäari° kawazoko°, -so- kawàya leather
karuwaza° kàrotoose˙, kàro kawakì kawàtake° dealer
karuwazàshi toose˙° kawaäishi° Kawatakemo- kawayànaäi
kàre karòyaka kawakìri° kùami, Kawà- kawara°
karee°, -ei° slen- kàrorii kawàäiri° take Mokuami° kawarake°
der, steward, karoriikèesa˙, -èi- kawàku: kawa- kawatabi° kawarakòjiki
aging, happy kàro˙° kànai, kawa- kawatarèdoki° kawarasè˙bee, -ei
precedent gàro˙ kòo, kawaki- kawàtaroo kawaranadèshÏko
kàree, -ei flatfish -gàro˙: ichigà- màsu, kawài- Kàwachi kawaraba˙°
kareiro° ro˙, gogàro˙ te, kawàkeba, kawachìdori kawarabuki°
karee° karo˙jìru kawàke kawatsÎkì° kawaramono°
kareeko° karo˙zùru kawàäu kawato° kawarayane°
gàrèeji kàwa good story kawakùdari kawadoko°, -to- kawari°
kareeda° kawàa river, kawaäuchi° kawatoji° kawariàu
karèepa˙ skin, leather Kawàäuchi kawadomè° kawariäàwari
144 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kawarikyòoäe˙ ka˙ikàkÏtome the field of vi- gakugaku° ka˙kyookìju˙


kawaridàne° ka˙isaiba˙shò° sion; visibility ka˙ka˙sèttai ka˙äyoogì˙koo
kaawaridama° ka˙ijùutaku ga˙kài ophthal- ka˙kà˙boo ka˙kyòoshoo
kawaribae° ka˙ishòkudoo mologist kà˙ki° ventila- ka˙kyòochoo
kawarihatèru ka˙isùidoo ka˙äaimùryoo, tion ka˙kyoohàkai
kawarìba˙° ka˙isèekatsu, -èi- ka˙äai° mur- kà˙ki joy, de- ka˙kìrì
kawaribà˙ko ka˙ichi° yoo° light, dry sea- ka˙ki˙°
kawaribìna kàn ippatsù, ka˙kài˙ son ka˙gi˙°, -ä- hy-
kawarimi° kà˙ippatsu ka˙äàe kà˙ki° rouse pothecary bank
kawarime° ka˙ihòke˙ ka˙äaeäotò° gà˙äi° ka˙äi˙ emotion-
kawarimono° ka˙iri° ka˙äaekòmu° ka˙äiku winter al chanting
kawarriyaku° ka˙iryòka˙ ka˙äaedàsu° chrysanthe- gà˙ki˙
kaawariyasùi ka˙i˙° ka˙äaechìäai mum ka˙ki˙sakùmotsu
kawàryoo kà˙u ka˙äaetsıku° kà˙äiku° chry- kà˙ku
kawaru°: kawa- ka˙ee°, -ei° ka˙äaenaòsu° santhemum gà˙äu
ranai°, kawa- Ka˙eejì, -ei- ka˙äaebukài viewing ga˙kÎtsu°
ròo, kawari- ka˙eetsùuhoo, -ei- kamäaemonò ka˙äìkıkai ga˙kÎtsuòo
màsu, kawat- ka˙etsu° ka˙äàèru ka˙k˜se˙° ga˙kùbi°
te°, kawarèba, kà˙e˙ ka˙kaku° ka˙kìda˙ ka˙äurì°
kawarè gà˙e˙ ka˙äaku° ka˙kÏtsùrui ka˙äùru
kawaruäàwaru ka˙oo° cherry ka˙äakùi˙ ka˙äìte˙ ka˙äu˙°
ka˙° intuition, blossom, view- ka˙kàkıki ka˙kìnoo ka˙kee°, -ei°
nervousness, ing ka˙kakuk˜kà˙ ka˙kyaku° ka˙äee°, -ei°
touchiness ka˙noo°, ka˙oo° knaäàkısha ka˙kyàkıseki ka˙äèekai, -èi-
kà˙ cold sea- response, sym- ka˙kakÎshì˙kee, ka˙kyàkısoo ka˙keekà˙choo,
son, govern- pathy -ei ka˙kyuu° gov- -ei-
ment service, ka˙òokai ka˙kakÎchùusuu ernment sup- ka˙äèeko, -èi-
leisure, joy ka˙òke ga˙äakè° ply, to move ka˙kèesha, -èi-
-ka˙ feeling, kà˙o˙° ka˙katsu° to tears ka˙keezukèru, -ei-
building: kyo- kà˙ka overlook, ka˙äàkki kà˙kyuu° leni- ka˙äeki°
mùka˙, eeäà- to wink at, lei- ka˙katsÎkùiki ence “ sever- ka˙äèzai°
ka˙, Nàra sure (time), un- ka˙äamìru ity ka˙ketsu°
Kyotòka˙, der jurisdiction ka˙kàrà ga˙kyuu° kà˙äetsu° moon
mikkàka˙ kà˙ka° influence ka˙äàrasu ka˙kyùuhi˙° viewing
-ka˙° battleship: kà˙ga ka˙äàruu kà˙kyo kà˙äetsu wintry
se˙suika˙° gà˙ka° ka˙ka˙° furious kà˙äyo moon, winter
gà˙ cancer, wild ka˙kai° ka˙kà˙° quietly, ka˙kyoo° month
goose, prayer ka˙äai° irriga- self-composed ka˙äyoo° govern- ka˙äètsıkai
gà˙° obstinate tion, water- kà˙ka˙ red-hot, ment enter- ka˙kètsıse˙
-äa˙, -äa˙°: ing, damage sizzling, blazing prise, industry ka˙ketsÎteki°
shi˙bìäa˙° caused by cold ka˙kà˙ weigh- encouragement ka˙ke˙°
ka˙akè° weather, deep ing, platform ga˙kyoo° ka˙äe˙° admoni-
ga˙atsu° emotion scales ka˙˙kyooasèsu- tion, remon-
Ka˙ami°, Ka˙na- kà˙äai outside ka˙äa˙° me˙to strance, reduc-
ka˙a˙° a building gà˙ga˙ ka˙kyooèesee, tion, flattery,
kà˙i o‚cial rank ga˙kai° mental ka˙ka˙gakuga- -èisei instruments
kà˙i° simple view (horizon), ku°, ka˙ka˙° ka˙kyooòse˙ ga˙ke˙°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 145

ka˙äe˙äàku ka˙kokùa˙ Chinese poem kà˙jo ka˙suità˙so


ka˙äe˙äàkùda˙ ka˙kokÎshò° kà˙shi° forceps gà˙sho ka˙sùu
ka˙äe˙gyùunyuu Ka˙kokùji˙ kà˙shi° in public ka˙shoo° ka˙sùuji
kà˙ko ka˙äokubeya° ka˙ji° Ka˙ji ka˙joo° emotion, ka˙zùku
ka˙äo° Japanese ka˙äòshi kà˙ji secretary, feelings, annu- ka˙sùzume
word of Chi- kà˙kotsu inspector lar, ringed ka˙subo˙°
nese origin kà˙kotsudattai, gà˙jii ka˙jòo payment, ka˙zùmè
kà˙äo nursing, kà˙kotsu dat- ka˙jìiru calculation ka˙sùru
custody “ care tai° ga˙jiäàrami ga˙shoo° ka˙zuru°
gà˙ko ka˙kòdori ga˙jiäàrame ga˙joo° ka˙see°, -ei° com-
ka˙äoe° winter ka˙äòni˙° ka˙shÏki° ka˙jooka° pletion, shout
manure ka˙äòfu ka˙jiki° kajooäaki° of joy, inertia
kà˙äòe winter ka˙äòfıkai ga˙shÏki° ka˙jòoki ka˙see°, -ei° sen-
vocal training ka˙äohee, -ei ka˙jiku° ka˙shòokoku sitivity, quiet-
ka˙koo° ka˙äòri° Ga˙jisùäawa ka˙shooshùäi ness
Kà˙koo ka˙ko˙soosai° ka˙shÏse˙° ka˙shòokoku ka˙zee°, -ei°
ga˙koo° go side kà˙sa ka˙jìchoo ka˙shooshùäi ka˙seetoo°, -ei-
by side, eyehole ka˙sai° full pay- ga˙shÏtsu° ka˙joozukù° ga˙seehìroo, -ei-
ka˙kòokyaku ment ga˙jitsu° ka˙joose˙° ka˙seehi˙°, -ei-
ka˙kòozai° kà˙sai Kyoto, ka˙jìtsuäeru ka˙joodakài ka˙zeehoo°, -ei-
ka˙kòoshi Osaka, Hyogo ka˙jitòru ka˙shooch˜tài ka˙zèeritsu, -èi-
ka˙kòosho area ka˙shìmoo ka˙shooteki° ka˙zèo˙
ka˙koosee°, -ei° ka˙zai° kà˙sha° ka˙jooteki° ka˙zeo˙bòsatsu
ka˙koose˙° ka˙sàiki kà˙sha, -sho ka˙jòotori kà˙seki°
ka˙kòoda˙ ka˙sàiji˙ ka˙ja° ka˙joobùäyoo gà˙seki
ka˙kòochi ka˙saich˜hòo ka˙shaku° ka˙shooyoo° ka˙setsu°
ka˙kòochoo ka˙zaini˙° ka˙jaku° ka˙jòoro˙ ka˙zetsu°
ka˙kòodo ka˙saibe˙° ka˙shakudama° ka˙shoku° snack, ka˙setsùe˙°
ka˙kootòshi ga˙sàiboo ka˙shakùmochi leisurely post ka˙setsÎsàtsuee,
ka˙koobà° ka˙sài˙ ka˙shàsai kà˙shoku gov- -ei
ka˙kòobai ka˙sàka˙ ka˙shàjoo° ernment service ka˙setsÎshòomee,
ka˙koobàsu ka˙saku° ka˙jiyasùi gà˙shoku -ei
ka˙kooba˙° ka˙zàkura kà˙shu warship ka˙jiru° ka˙setsùzee, -ei
ka˙kòohìi ka˙zake° bow ka˙shi˙° to inte- ka˙setsÎsè˙kyo
ka˙koobìza ka˙zashi° kà˙shu° jailer rest, to con- ka˙setsÎteki°
ka˙kòobutsu ka˙satsu° kà˙ju° cern, to admire ga˙zenài
ka˙kòohe˙ ka˙satsıäa˙ gà˙shu Kà˙shì˙ ka˙zeyori°
ka˙koohòteru kasatsùryoku ka˙shuu° ka˙ji˙° ka˙zeryuu°
ka˙kòomaku ka˙zàmashi° ka˙jùusu Gà˙ji˙ ka˙se˙° infection,
ka˙kòori ka˙sayaku° ka˙shùuhoo° ka˙ji˙kàname° sweat gland,
ka˙kooryòkoo ka˙zàrashi° ka˙juku° ka˙shì˙ji trunk line
ka˙kòoree, -ei ka˙sa˙° ka˙jusee°, -ei° ka˙ji˙zùmoo kà˙se˙° war-
ka˙äogàkkoo Kà˙za˙jittoku, kà˙shoa sweet ka˙jì˙choo ships “ other
ka˙koku° coun- Kà˙zan Jittoku° potato, heat “ ka˙jì˙noo vessels
sel, advice ka˙shi° watch- cold ka˙ji˙moto° ka˙ze˙°
Ka˙koku ing, dissua- kà˙sho, -sha sugar- ka˙jìnyori° ga˙ze˙°
ka˙äoku° sion, article, cane (plant) ka˙sui° ka˙ze˙kà˙äo
146 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ka˙ze˙kyùusho- kà˙tai fleet, captain, Bud- ka˙toorò˙bu˙ ka˙no˙bìraki


ku squadron, flo- dhist temple ka˙toku° kà˙ba
ka˙sè˙äe˙ tilla chief priest ka˙tòkıka˙ kà˙pa cold wave
ka˙ze˙kòyoo ka˙dai° kà˙choo autho- ka˙tokÎkà˙choo kà˙pa° to perceive
ka˙ze˙jìai, -˙shì- ga˙tai° rities ka˙dòkoro° ka˙bai°
ga˙sè˙taa ka˙tàiji ga˙choo° gà˙toshite° ka˙pai°
ka˙ze˙chooaku° kàn taihèeyoo, ka˙tsuu° ka˙dòkku kà˙paku
ka˙ze˙nè˙shoo ka˙taihèeyoo ka˙tsuujùusoo ka˙dòkkuri, -k- ka˙bashìi
ka˙ze˙hà˙zai ka˙tàiri˙° ka˙tsòone kà˙torii ka˙bashìru
ka˙se˙be˙äòni˙° ka˙dakài ka˙tsùbaki ka˙toriikùrabu kyà˙basu, kà˙-
ka˙ze˙mùketsu° ka˙taku° ka˙tee°, -ei° Kà˙to˙ ka˙base°
kà˙so ka˙tàkıchi ga˙tee, -ei ka˙to˙ryòori ka˙pachì°
gà˙so ka˙dakko° ga˙teeshùkketsu, kà˙na canna ka˙batsu°
ka˙soo° ka˙tàmàäo -ei- ka˙na° plane ka˙patsu°
ka˙zoo° liver ka˙damàtsuri ka˙teeshò°, -ei- kà˙nai kà˙bàkku
kà˙zoo licorice ka˙damyòoji˙ ka˙tèeni˙°, -èi- ka˙nàäara° kàn hàtsuoirezu
ga˙zoo° kà˙taru ka˙teeryuu°, -ei- ka˙nakùzu° kà˙hasshuu,
ka˙sòoimo, -sòi- ga˙dare° ka˙tetsu° ka˙nàzuki kàn hàsshuu
ka˙sòokai ka˙ta˙° simple, ka˙tera° ka˙nàmèsai kà˙panii
ka˙zòoäà˙ easy ka˙te˙° govern- kà˙na˙ ga˙barì°
ka˙sòoki kà˙ta˙° mind ment sponsored kà˙ni˙ ga˙bariya°
ka˙sòokyoku kà˙ta˙ snowy exhibition ga˙ni˙° ga˙bàru
ka˙sòoäee, -ei cricket ka˙tè˙° dry ka˙nì˙äu° ga˙bàre
ka˙zoojìsÎtoma ka˙da˙° weather, agar ka˙ni˙bùkuro ka˙ba˙°
ka˙sòoshÏtsu ga˙ta˙° kà˙tè˙ stand- ka˙ni˙bòozu ka˙pà˙°
ga˙zoosh˜hei ka˙dà˙kei, -ee point ka˙nùki° ga˙ba˙°
ka˙sòochi ka˙tà˙shi ka˙de˙° kà˙nushi ka˙ba˙dàore
ka˙zoobyoo° ka˙tà˙fu ka˙dè˙chi ka˙nètsıshi ka˙ba˙mùsume
ka˙sòobu˙° ka˙tà˙fÎku kà˙to ka˙nèbutsu, kà˙bi
ka˙sòka° ka˙chi° replot- kà˙do -è˙bu- kà˙pi
ka˙soku° ted place ka˙too° ka˙ne˙° publica- gà˙pi
ka˙zoku° villain kà˙chi cun- Kà˙too tion date ka˙bìiru
kà˙zoku Han ning, craft, ka˙doo° kà˙nen idea ga˙p˜shi
race,Han people guile ga˙doo° gà˙ne˙ kà˙byoo
ka˙sòkıki kà˙chi° sense, to ka˙tòoäe˙ ka˙ne˙teki° ka˙pyòo°
ka˙sokÎkìkyuu be concerned in ka˙tòoshi ka˙nè˙ro˙ ga˙byoo°
ka˙sokujò° ka˙chìäai ka˙dòoshi ka˙noiri° ka˙byòoni˙
ka˙sòkısuji kà˙chÏku ka˙tòoshuu ka˙nouchi° kà˙bu
ka˙sokÎse˙° ga˙chÏku° ka˙tòoshoo ka˙noo° kà˙pu
ka˙so˙° ka˙chuu° kà˙too daishì˙- ka˙nomushi° ka˙puu° to shut
ka˙so˙mì˙pi gà˙chuu sai ka˙nomodorì out
Ka˙da° ka˙chuusùiee, -ei ka˙tooch˜hòo ka˙no˙° ka˙pùu° cold
ka˙tàara ka˙chuumìmai ka˙toohèeya, -èi- ka˙no˙äyoo° wind
ga˙dàara ka˙choo° ebb tide, ka˙dòomyaku ka˙nò˙zaki ka˙pÎki˙°
ka˙tai° warm spy ka˙tooroomù- ka˙no˙sàmà ka˙pÎku°
reception, kà˙choo° direc- soo, kà˙too ka˙nò˙chÏku ga˙pÎku°
Frigid Zobe tor, curator, roomùsoo ka˙no˙doo° ka˙bùkuro
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 147

ka˙butsu° ga˙mase˙°, -maa- ka˙yòoku kà˙wa° Manda- gìi˙ assembly-


ka˙butsu° ka˙matsu° ka˙yooshokùbu- rin language man
ka˙butsuya° ka˙ma˙° tsu kà˙wa quite giì˙da˙
ka˙bùna° kà˙mi gà˙rai talk, idle talk gii˙rìppoo
ka˙pumàsatsu gà˙mi° ka˙raku° to fall, kà˙wakyuudai, kìu
kà˙furu ga˙myaku° to surrender kà˙wa kyuudai° kìui
ka˙furuchùusha ka˙mìryoo kà˙raku° pleasure kì kiuke°
ka˙bu˙° kà˙mi˙° ka˙rakùäai -ki: satsujì˙ki,ryo- kiutsu°
ka˙pu˙° ka˙mì˙zoku ka˙ra˙° kòoki, shookàki kiùtsurì
ka˙bù˙äaku Kà˙mute˙noo ka˙rà˙sha gì kìu˙°
ka˙pee°, -ei° kà˙mi˙° ka˙rà˙seki kiai° kìe
ka˙pèeshÏki, -èi- ka˙mì˙zoku ka˙rà˙ryoo kiàijutsu kiee°, kiei°
ka˙peetàisha, -ei°- Kà˙mute˙noo kà˙ri kiaimake° kieìru
ka˙peki° perfec- ka˙muri° gà˙ri giaku° kieusèru
tion kà˙muryoo, kàn gà˙riki° kiakè° kieäie°
kà˙peki° hot muryoo° ka˙rishàkai kiatsu° kiesàru
temper ka˙mè ka˙rìshoku kiatsÎkee°, -ei° kìetsu°
ga˙peki° ka˙mee°, -ei° ka˙ritsu° kiatsunotani° kienokòru
ka˙betsu° ga˙mee°, -ei° ka˙rìni˙° kiatsÎhàichi kiehatèru
ka˙betsÎshò° kà˙me˙° ka˙rihoo° kiawasèru° kieru°: kienai°,
ka˙bèni ga˙mè˙° ka˙ryaku° kia˙° kieyòo, kiemà-
ka˙be˙° simple ga˙me˙shì˙kee, ka˙ryuu° gia˙° su, kiete°, kie-
“ easy way -ei ka˙ryòo Kìi rèba, kierò
kà˙be˙ to par- ga˙me˙shi˙kèet- ka˙ryookei°, -ee° kìi kie˙° high spirits
don, to forgive, suu°, -èi- ka˙ryooshùäi kìikì kìe˙° coincidence
to excuse gà˙mo: ga˙mò- ka˙ryoosèeji, -èi- kìikii gie˙°
kà˙pe˙° doki ka˙ryooteki° gìigii kiè˙sa˙°
ka˙pè˙suji ga˙moo° ka˙rì˙i˙ kiikiiäòe kiòi°
kà˙po ga˙moku° ka˙rui° kiisùidoo kioitàtsu
ka˙boo° ka˙mochi° ka˙ree°, -ei° to kiitafùu kiòu
kà˙poo ka˙mo˙° chill, custom kiìchiäo kioo°
ga˙boo°, ga˙moo° gà˙mo˙° ka˙ree°, ka˙- kìitsu° kiòoshoo°
ka˙pòoi ka˙mo˙kàikyoo ryoo° control kiìppo˙ kioku°
ka˙pooshàäeki ka˙mò˙ji, -mòji ka˙rèesha, -ei- kìito kiokÎsòoshÏtsu°
ka˙boochòoka˙ ka˙mo˙tò˙neru ka˙reezè˙se˙, -ei- kiipà˙chaa kiokÎchìäai
ka˙pòoyaku kà˙ya ka˙rèechi, -èi- Kiihà˙too kiokùryoku
ka˙boku° kanyaku° ka˙reki° kìipu kiòkure°
Ka˙bojia°, -jiya° ganyaku° ka˙retsu° kiipòi˙to kiòsÎku
ka˙bòta˙ ka˙yu° ka˙re˙° kiibòodo kiochi°
ka˙botsu° ka˙yuu° ka˙re˙sh˜tsùmo˙ kiihòrudaa kiotsÎkè
ga˙hòdoki ga˙yuu° ka˙re˙see°, -ei° kiiro° kiomo°
ka˙po˙° full set ka˙yùui˙ kà˙ro kiiroi° kio˙°
of works ka˙yùuchi ga˙roo° kiiwàado gio˙°
kà˙po˙° pub- ga˙yùuryoo ga˙ròobutsu kii˙° to originate gio˙shòoja
lished book ka˙yùuri˙° ka˙roku° in, grace gio˙màtsuri
gà˙ma kà˙yo ka˙roni° kìi˙ Igo players k˜kà
ka˙màiri ka˙yoo° ka˙wa° relaxation gii˙° forged seal kìäa
148 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

giäa kiäaru° kÏkimono° kìäuchi° kiäoo°


kÏkài machine kiäarui° kÏkimoràsu kìäutsu gikoo°
kÏkài opportu- kÏka˙° trachea kÏkyaku° kÏkunì˙äyoo gikooshi°
nity kÏkà˙° flagship, kÏkiyaku° kÏkunoè˙ kÏkòoshÏki
kiäai° period (of time) kÏkyuu° kÏkunosekku° gikooteki°
gìkai kìäa˙ k˜kyò kÏkùbari gikooha°
kÏkaiàbura gììäa˙° gìkyo kÏkuba˙° kÏkòobu˙°
kÏkaiami° kÏka˙ki° kÏkiyòi kÏkubìyori kÏkoobo˙°
kÏkaika° kÏkà˙ku kÏkyoo° kÏkumì kiäòoro˙
kÏkàiäàshima kÏkà˙shi kÏäyooka° kiäumì° kÏkoku° to re-
kÏkàiki˙too, kÏka˙shìe˙° kiäyookè˙ki˙ kiäùrai turn to one's
kÏkài ki˙too° kÏkà˙sha gikyòoshi˙ kÏkùraäe homeland
kÏkaikòoäaku kÏka˙juu° gikyòodai kiäùroo kÏkòku your
kÏkaikòoäyoo kÏkà˙hee, -ei kiäyoonè˙ki˙ kÏkù˙° country
kÏkaijìkake kÏkà˙hoo k˜kyòku gìäu˙° giäoku°
kÏkàishÏtsu kÏka˙boo°, -bo° gikyoku° kÏkee°, -ei° clever giäokujìke˙
gikaisèiji, -èeji kÏkì kiäire° plan kÏkokÎshìjo
kÏkaitàisoo kìäi kÏkiwake° k˜kèe, -èi broth- kiäokochi°
kÏkaiteki° gìgi kÏkiwakèru er-in-law kiäòkoro°
kÏkaihò˙yaku kÏkiakìru kÏkiwasurèru gikee°, -ei° kÏkoshimèsu
kiäae° kÏkiashi° kÏkì˙ gìäee, -ei gikochinài
kÏäaèru kÏkiayamari° giki˙° kÏkèeji, -kèiji kÏkotsu°
kÏkàäaku kÏkiayamàru kÏkì˙zoku kìäeki kÏkonàsu
kiäàkari kÏkiawàsu kÏku° to listen, kÏketsu° gikòbu˙°
kÏkakàru kÏkiìi, kÏkiyòi to have e‡ect: giketsu° kÏkòmu
kÏkaku° kÏkiìru kÏkanai°, kÏkòo, kÏkemono° kÏkori°
kìäaku kÏkiirèru kÏkimàsu, kii- kÏkè˙° kÏko˙°
gìäaku kÏkiude° te°, kÏkèba, kÏkè kiäe˙° kÏkò˙sha
kÏkakuba˙° kÏkiòku kÏkù chrysan- kiäè˙kai kìza
kÏkakıhi˙° kÏkiosame° themum kÏkè˙sha kÏsai°
kiäake° kÏkiotoshi° kìäu kÏke˙shì˙äoo kìzai
kÏkàäeki kÏkiotòsu kikùimushi kÏke˙see°, -ei° kÏsaishì˙joo
kÏkazàru kÏkioboe° kiäuu° kiäè˙setsu kÏsàki°
kÏkashokùbutsu kÏkiobòeru KÏkue° kiäè˙zè˙ gizagiza°
kÏkàji˙ kÏkioyòbu kÏkuka°, kÏkka° kÏke˙ch˜tài gìzagiza
kÏkasu° kÏkinaòsu kìkuäi, kÏkùäi kÏkè˙butsu kÏsaku°
kÏkaseru° kÏkinaäàsu gìkugiku kÏke˙bù˙shi gisaku°
kÏkata° kÏkinarèru K˜kuko kÏkè˙ritsu kizake°
kiäata° kÏkinikùi gìkÎshaku k˜kò kÏsaäo°
kÏkatsu° kiäìnu k˜kùzu kìäo kizashi°
kiäàkkyoku kÏkinokòsu kÏkùsui kÏkoe° kizasu°
kÏkanuki° kÏkihajimèru kÏkuzùkuri kÏkoeyòäashi kizappòi
kiäane° kÏkibara° kiäùsuri kÏkoeru°: kÏkoe- kizàhashi°
kÏkànetsu kÏkibeta° kiäusurìya° nai°, kÏkoemàsu, kÏsama°
kiäàmae° kÏkihorèru kÏkuzure° kÏkoete°, kÏkoe- kizami°
kiäami° kÏkimimi° KÏkuchi° Kà˙, rèba, kÏkoero° kizamìashi°
kiäaràcha kÏkime° KÏkuchikà˙ kÏkòo° kizamikòmu
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 149

kizamitàbako bòoäai kÏshò kÏsù° sand borer gisèeda, -èi-


kizamitsÎkèru kÏshimì° kìjo kizu° injury, kÏseechuu°, -ei-
kizamime° kÏshìmu gìsho wound giseeteki°, -ei-
kizamu°: kiza- kÏshimèku gìjo kìzu unadulter- giseedòofu, -ei-
manai°, kiza- kÏshìme˙° kÏshoo° ated vinegar kÏseedòomee, -ei-
mòo, kizami- kÏshibòji˙, -mò- kijoo° gìsu kÏseehi˙°, -ei-
màsu, kiza˙- k˜sha gishoo° kizuato° kÏsèefÎku, -èi-
de°, kizamèba, kÏshakàike˙ gijoo° kÏsui° giseefùrai, -ei-
kizamè kÏshaku° kÏshooèesee, -èisei kizuikimama°, kÏseeràsshu, -ei-
kizara° granulat- kijaku° kÏshookàchi kìzui kimama° kÏsekae°
ed suger kÏshakùrabu kÏshookà˙soku kÏsùiko kÏsekaenì˙äyoo
kìzara wooden kÏshaäo° gishòozai° kizùise˙ kÏsekaèru
plate kÏshàda˙ kÏshoodai° kÏsuu° conse- kÏseki° track
kÏsaraäi° kÏshàchi˙ kÏshòochoo quence k˜seki° miracle
KÏsarazu° kÏshàpoppo kÏshootsùuhoo kÏsùu odd num- giseki°
kizàwarì k˜shu kÏshoote˙ketsu°, ber, cardinal kÏsekÏteki°
kÏsa˙° kìju kÏshòo te˙ketsu° number kÏsèzushÏte
kÏsa˙jì° gìshu assistant kijòobu kizùkai kÏsetsu° existing
kÏshì engineer, op- gijòohee, -ei kizukàu k˜setsu season
kiji° pheasant erator kÏshòomo˙ kizùkarè kizetsu°
kìji cloth, mate- gìshu° artificial kijòoyu kizukawashìi gizetsu°
rial, article hand kÏshooyohòoshi kizukiaäèru° kÏsètsÎka˙
gìshi engineer, kÏshuu° surprise kÏshoku° to live gìsugisu unso- kÏsetsıfuu
loyal retainer attack, strange o‡, looks ciable kÏseru°
gìshi° artificial custom kÏshòku° joyfull kizùku kizewa°
limb KÏshuu look kizuäùsuri kizewashìi
gìji proceedings kijuu° kÏshìru kizuäuchi° kÏsewata°
gìji° false, kijùuki kijìrushi kizuke°, kitsÎke° kÏse˙°a steam-
suspected kijuusòosha gijìroku kìzuta ship
gijie° kÏshuku° gìshÏ wajì˙de˙ kìzuchi kÏsè˙° rank dis-
gìshÏki gìjuku kÏshì˙° kizutsıku tinction
gishÏkibàru kÏshùkısha kiji˙° to return kizutsÎkèru kize˙°
kìjiku kijutsu° descrip- kìji˙° eccentric, kizutòäame gize˙°
kishÏtsu°, kÏshitsu° tion nobleman, de- kìzuna° gizè˙sha
kìjitsu° Buddhist kìjutsu° conjur- mon, fierce god kizùmàri KÏsò°
commemora- ing gìshi˙° doubt, kizumono° k˜so
tive rites gìjutsu suspicion kizuyòi° kÏsòu
kìjitsu (fixed) gijutsÎka° gìshi˙ chival- kÏsùru kÏsoo°
date, time limit gijutsÎkàkÎshi˙ rous spirit gisùru kizoo°, kÏsoo°
kÏshìdoo kijùtsıshi giji˙° personifi- kÏse° gizoo°
gijidoo° gijùtsısha cation kÏsee°, -ei° kÏsòokyoku
kÏshina° gijutsuya° gìji˙° person of gisee°, -ei° kizòosha
gijinìttee, -ei kiju˙° high principles kÏseekà˙wa, -ei- kÏsòote˙äai,
kijibato° kiju˙kàkaku gishi˙à˙ki, gì- kÏseejìjitsu, -ei- kÏsoo° te˙äai°
gijibàri° kijù˙te˙ shin à˙ki giseesh˜ho˙, -ei- KÏsoäawa°
kÏshibè° kijù˙hoo° gijì˙hoo° gisèesha, -èi- k˜soku
gìjibooäai, gìji kijù˙ryoo k˜su kiss kÏseesèetoo, -èi- kizoku° to revert
150 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kìzoku noble Utamaro° kÏtàru kÏkkài kÏtsuneùdo˙


person kÏtak˜tsune kÏtà˙° kÏkkake° kÏtsuneke˙°
gisoku° kÏtakyùushuu kìda˙ strange kÏkkàri kÏtsuneäòoshi
gizoku° KÏtakyuushùushi story kÏkkyùujo kÏtsunètsÎki
kizokùi˙ KÏtakirì° kìda˙° air mass kÏkkyoo° kÏtsunenoyomei-
k˜sokue˙e˙, kÏtakirisùzume k˜chi k˜kku rì°
k˜soku e˙e˙° kÏtaku° to come kÏchiäài kÏkkuòfu kÏtsunèbi
kÏsokısho° home, deposi- kÏchiäaiàtsÎkai gikkùri kÏppàri
kÏsokÎtadashìi tion kÏchiäaiàme gikkurìäoshi kÏppu°
kÏsokÎteki° kÏtaku area name kÏchiäaizata° kÏtsuke° care of, kÏppuùriba
kÏzokÎteki° kÏtaäuchi° kÏchiäaijimìru dress kÏppusee°, -ei°
kÏsokòoji kitakunà˙mi˙ kÏchiäaibyòoi˙ kÏtsukè° restora- kÏppoo°
kÏsokòojo kÏtàäuni kÏchiäàimizu tive kÏtsumo˙°
kÏsòjoo° kÏtàke° kÏchikÏchi° to be kÏtsukeäùsuri kÏtsuritsu°
kÏsotàisha KÏtazatoshibasà- just in time, kÏkkoo° to com- kÏtè°
kÏsochìshÏki buroo, KÏtazato° jam-packed pete gìte°
kÏsòba° Shibasàburoo k˜chikÏchi tight kÏkkòo° tortoise- kÏtee°, -ei°
kÏsobushi° kÏtàdake budget shell gitee, -ei°
kizome° Kitatama° kÏchiku° k˜ssa° giteesho°, -ei-
kÏsoyùuyo kìdachi kÏchìji kÏssaki° kÏteki°
kÏsonè˙ki˙ Kitachoosè˙ kÏchijitsu° kÏssàshÏtsu kÏteretsu°
kÏso˙° kidate° kÏchijoo° kÏssàte˙° kÏte˙°
kÏta° kÏtanài KÏchijoojì° kÏchijitsu°, kÏ- kìde˙
gìda kÏtanarashìi kÏchìsuu tsujitsu° gite˙°
gìtaa kitanihò˙ kÏchinichì° gìssha kÏtò
kÏtaàmèrika kÏtànokata kÏchaku° kÏsshoo° kìdo
kÏtaàrupusu KÏtanomaru- kÏchuu° kÏsshòote˙ Kidotakàyoshi,
kÏtai° expecta- kòoe˙ kÏchoo° precious, gisshìri Kido° Takàyoshi
tion, aircraft KÏtabàtake ChÏ- signature, ba- k˜su, k˜ssu kÏtoo°
body kàfÎsa sic tone or kÏssui° kidoo°
kÏtài odd kidahachi° theme kÏssùru° kÏtòoshi
kidai° haiku KÏtàhara HàkÎ- kÏchoo° captain kÏsseki° kidooshi°
season word shuu, KÏtaha- gìchoo kÏtsuze˙° kidòosha
kìdai, kÏtài rahàkÎshuu gichoosàitee, -ei kÏssòo kÏtòosu
very rare kÏtahà˙kyuu kÏchoohi˙° kÏttate° kidoosee°, -ei°
gitai° kÏtamàkura kÏchòome˙ kÏccha° kidootai°
gidai° kÏtamado° kÏchiree°, -ei° gìccho kidoobùtai
kitaiusu° kÏtamàwari kÏchì˙° cheap kÏcchoo° kidòoraku
kÏtaihàzure kÏtamuki° lodging house gìcchirako kidòoryoku°
kÏtaeaäèru° KÏtamuraroku- kÏchì˙ neat, kÏcchìri kÏtoku°
kÏtaèru roo°, Kitamura° tidy k˜cchi˙, k˜chi˙ kÏtòkıke˙
kidaore° Rarokuroo° kÏchi˙yàdo kÏtsùtsÎki kidòäuchi
kÏtakaze° kÏtayama° kÏtsui° kÏttè° kìdogome˙
KÏtakamìäawa gidayuu° kÏtsue˙° kÏtto° kidòse˙°
kÏtaäawa° gidayuukàtari kÏtsuè˙shÏtsu kìddo kidòba˙°
Kitaäawautama- gidayuubushi° kÏtsuè˙seki kÏtsune° kidorì°
ro°, Kitaäawa° kÏtaryuu° k˜kka°, k˜kuka° kÏtsuneiro° kidoriya°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 151

kidoru° to pose kinè˙sai° kÏhài° kÏhì˙seki gihoo°


kidòru to trim kinè˙hi kìbai kìfu, kÏfu° game gibòoshi, gìboshi
timber kinè˙bi kibae° record kibòosha
kìna kine˙hi˙° kÏhaku° kìfu donation kibooteki°
kìnai kinè˙butsu kibakùzai° kìbu kibòohoo
kinàishoku kìnoiwai kìbako Gifu° kìboku°
kinaòsu kinoe° kibàsami gìfu father-in-law kìboshi
kinaäa° kìnoo° function kÏhazukashìi° gibuàppu kibòtoke
kinaäashi° kinòo yesterday kìbase˙ gibua˙dotèeku kibone°
kinakÎsài kinoo° toreturn to kÏhada° kÏfùu° kiborì°
kìnako farming, air sac kÏhada°, kiwada° kÏfùki˙ kÏho˙°
kinari° gìnoo° kÏhadamàäuro kifÎku° to submit kÏhò˙kyuu°
kìna˙ kinòokyoo kibàtaraki kìfÎku° ups “ kÏhò˙ki˙°
Gìnia ginòoshi kìbachi downs kÏho˙tekiji˙ke˙°
kinìine ginòosha kÏhàchìjoo kibuku° kÏhò˙hoo°
kiniiri° ginòoshoo kÏhatsu° kibùkure° gimai°
kìnichi° kinooshòäai kibatsu° kibukurèru kimae°
kinyuu° kinooteki° kÏhatsÎsee°, -ei° GifÎkè˙ kimàkase°
ginyòoru kinòohoo° kÏhatsùyu° kifÎkòoi kimàkura
kini˙° kìnoka kibamì˙zoku Gifıshi kimaäurè°
kìnu Kìnokawa kibàmu° Gifujòochi˙ kimaäuremonò°
kinuito° Kìnokuni kibaya° kÏfùji˙ kimake°
kinuori° Kinokuniya° kibayài° gìbusu, gìpÎsu kimàjime
kinuòrìmono Kinokuniyabù˙ kibarashì° kìbutsu kimazùi°
kinukàtsuäi zaemo˙, Kino- kibaru° gibutsu° kimatsu°
Kinuäawa° kuniya° Bu˙- kÏha˙° kibùssei kimatsush˜kè˙
kinùäinu° zàemo˙ kiba˙° gìfÎto kimatsÎtèate
kinuke° kìnoko kibà˙shi gifÎtokàado kimama°
kinuäoshi°: ki- kinokòtori kÏha˙se˙° gifÎtòke˙ kimàyoi°
nuäoshidòofu kinòji kìhi, kÏhì kibùtori kimari°
kinukòmachi KinòshÏta TookÏ- kìbi kÏfurushi° kimarik˜tta
kinusaya° chìroo kibiäarazàiku kÏfurùsu kimarite°
kinuji° Kìno Tsuràyuki, kibiki° K˜purosu kimarimò˙ku
kinuzure° Kinotsuràyuki kìbikibi kìbu˙ kimariwarùi
kìnuta kinòto kibishìi gifu˙° kimaru°: kimara-
kinubari° kinodòkù kibisho° kibu˙tè˙ka˙ nai°, kimaròo,
kinùmono kinòbori kibisu° kibu˙ya° kimarimàsu,
kinùwata kònomi, kì- kibidà˙äo kÏhee°, -ei° kimatte°, kima-
kìne kinomikinoma- kihÏtsu° gihee°, -ei° rèba, kimarè
kinèzuka° ma° gihÏtsu° kÏheetai°, -ei- kimawashi°
kìnema kìnome kìbyoo° kÏheki° gima˙°
kineya° knomedè˙äaku gihyoo° kÏhe˙° kimì°
kine˙° anniver- kinomedoki° kibyòoshi kibe˙° -äimi°: kazeäimi°
sary kinori° kibira° kìbo kimiài°
kìne˙ wishing kinoriusu° kÏhi˙° gìbo Kimie°
gine˙° kìba tusk kibi˙° kÏhoo° kimiäayo°
kinè˙kai kiba° lumberyard kÏhì˙shÏtsu kiboo° kìmiko
152 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kimijika° gìa, gìya kyakÎchuu° gyakÎkòoka, kiyariò˙do


kimizu°, -su° kyaku° gyakÎte° gyakkòo- gyàru
kimìtachi kiyaku° gyakÎte˙° gyakÎkòosu, gyàruso˙
kimitsu° gyaku° kyàkudo gyakkòo- gyàroppu, gà-
kimitsÎshòrui gyàgu, -äu gyàkÎto gyakÎkòose˙, kyà˙
kimitsıhi kyakuashi° kyakudome° gyakkòo- gyà˙äu
kimìdori kyakuàshirai kyakuhÏkì° kyàsshu kyà˙seru
kìmyaku° kyakuàtsÎkai gyakÎbiki° kyasshÎkàado kyà˙dii, -dee
kìmyoo kyakui˙° gyakÎhìree, -ei kyàsshuresu kyà˙doru
kimìra kyakuuke° gyakÎfuu° kyàcchi kyà˙basu, kà-
kimìwarùi kyakùe˙° kyakubùto˙ kyacchÏfurèezu kyà˙pasu
gìmi˙° gyakuäàtte kyakùbu˙° kyacchibòoru kya˙pi˙gukàa,
gimukyòoiku kyakuzàshÏki kyakÎho˙° kyacch˜ho˙ -˙äùkaa
kimuzukashìi° gyakÎsatsu° kyakÎho˙ka° kyàcchaa kyà˙pu
kimuzukashiya° gyakuzaya° kyakuma° kyacchaabòodo kya˙pÎfàiya, -àia
kimùsume gyakÎsa˙° kyakumachi° kyappu° gyà˙buru
kìmuchi kyakÎshi° gyakumòdori° gyappu° kya˙pèe˙
gimuteki° kyakushÏtsu° gyakuyùshÎtsu kyàdii Kya˙bera°
Kimura° gyakÎshìmee, -ei gyakuyùnyuu kyapàshÏtii kyuu° rapid
kimè° kyakÎsha° kyakuyoo° gyàbaji˙ kyùu former,
kimee°, -ei° gyakÎshuu° gyakuyoo° kyàbaree class, sphere
gimee°, -ei° gyakuju˙° kyakuyose° kyaha˙° kìyuu°
kimeetòohyoo, -ei- gyakujoo° kyakurai° kyàbia gyùu
kimekomi° kyakÎshòobai gyakuryuu° kyàpÏtaru gìyuu
kimekominì˙äyoo kyakÎshoku° gyakuryòohoo kyàbine° kyuuai°
kimekòmu kyakuji˙° kyakùryoku° kyàbinètto kyuuaku°
kimetsÎkèru gyakÎshi˙° gyàzaa kyàbi˙, kèbi˙ kyùui
kimete° gyakÎsùu kyasha° kyàpÎsho˙ kyuui˙°
kimedokoro° kyakÎsùji° kiyasùi° kyàpÎte˙ gyuui˙bashoku°
kimeru°: kime- kyakuzùtome kyàsÎtaa gyafù˙ kyuuì˙ryoku
nai°, kimeyòo, gyakÎsee°, -ei° kyasÎti˙äu° kyàbetsu kyuue˙° to can-
kimemàsu, ki- gyakÎseesèkke˙, kyasÎti˙gubòodo kyabetsumaki° cel a perfor-
mete°, kimerè- -ei- kyàsÎto giyama˙° mance, to re-
ba, kimerò kyakÎseki° kiyasumè° kiyami° lief, to rescue
kìme˙° gyakÎsetsu° kiyase° kyamisòoru kyùue˙ nine yen
kimò gyakÎsetsÎteki° kyatatsu° kyàra° kyuue˙bùsshi
kimoìri° kyakÎse˙° kyatapira° gyàra° kyuue˙mai°
kimoo° kyakuze˙° kyàtsu kyàràkÎtaa kyuuo˙°
kimòsui° gyakÎsè˙de˙ kyàkka at one's kyàrako kyuuka° holiday
kimodàmeshi kyakÎsè˙bi feet kyàraba˙ kyùuka old fam-
kimottàmà kyakÎsoo° kyàkka° dismissal kyarabuki° ily
kimono° gyakÎsoo° kyakka˙° kyarameru° kyuukàabu
kimonoji° gyakuzoku° kyakka˙see°, -ei° gyàrarii kyuukai° recess,
kimo˙° kyakÎtai° kyakka˙teki° kiyari° adjournment
gimo˙° gyakÎtai° gyakkyoo° kyària kyùukai nine
gimò˙te˙ kyakudane° kyakkoo° kyariaùuma˙ times
gimò˙fu gyakÎtà˙chi gyakkoo° kiyarìuta kyuukaiake°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 153

kyuukaku° kyuukòoke˙ kyuushò° kyuusoku° year


kyuuäaku° kyuukòode˙ kyùujo kyùuzoku kyùune˙ kune˙°
kyuukàäetsu kyuukoodè˙sha kyuushoo° kyuusotsu° nine years
kyuukàza˙ kyuukoorèssha kyuujoo° kyuutai° kyùuha conser-
kyuukatsu° kyuukoku° kyuushòoäatsu kyuudai° vative people
kyuukana°: kyuuäòshirae kyuujòoshoo Kyuushuudàiäa- kyuuha° old
kyuukanazùkai kyuuäòha˙ kyuushoku° ku school
kyuukàne˙ kyuuko˙° kyuushokÎsè˙taa kyuutàisee, -ei kyuuhàisui
kyùukabu kyuusai° redress kyuujosàäyoo kyuudàite˙ kyuuba° crisis
kyuukamura° kyùusai nine kyuujose˙° kyuutàiriku kyùuba archery
kyuuka˙° years old kyuujotai° kyuutaku° “ horseman-
kyuukà˙chi kyuusaijìäyo gyuujìru kyuuda˙° ship
kyuuka˙choo° kyuusaku° kyuushi˙° giyùuda˙ Kyùuba
kyùuäi kyuushi° pause, kyuuji˙° kyùuchi kyuuhai°
kyuukyuu° sudden death kyuuji˙kòokoku kyuuchaku° kyuubai°, kubai°
gyuugyuu° jam- kyùushi° courier kyuushi˙teki° kyùuchuu° kyuuhaku°
packed kyùuji kyuushi˙ha° kyuuchoo° kyuubaku°
gyùugyuu to gyùushi kyuushì˙ryoku kyuuchoome° kyuuha˙°
squeeze into a gyùuji kyuusu° kyuutsui° kyuuba˙° sucker
small space kyuushÏki° kyuusui° kyuutee°, -ei° kyùuba˙ ninth
kyuukyùusha kyuujìtai kyuusùisha kyuutèesha, -èi- kyùuhi
kyuuäyuunoichi- kyuujitsu° kyuusuisèeäe˙, -èi- kyuuteki° gyuuhi°
moo° kyuujùssai, -jìs- kyuusùu kyuute˙° kyùupìi
kyuukyùubako kyuushÏtsusee°, -ei° kyùusÎke kyuude˙° kyuuh˜see, -ei
kyuukyuubyòoi˙ kyuujìni˙° gyuuzume° kyuute˙chòkka kyuuhÏtsu°
kyùukyo kyuush˜fu kyuusùru kyùuto kyuup˜cchi
kyuukyoo° kyùusha kyùusu˙ kyùudo, kùdo kyùupitto, -ddo
kyuuäyoo° gyùusha kyuusee°, -ei° kyuudoo° old kyùuhyaku
kyuuäyòobi kyùushaku kyuusèeäu˙, -èi- road, to seek kyuuhyakùe˙
kyuukyoku° kyuushàme˙ kyuusèeshu, -èi- the truth kyuuhyakùni˙
kyùuki˙ kyùushu kyuuseehàie˙, -ei- kyùudoo Japan- kyuuhyakùne˙
kyuuki˙nàoshi kyuushuu° kyuusèkai ese archery kyuuhyakumà˙
kyùukÎtsu kyùujuu, kujùu kyuuseki° gyuutoo° kyuubyoo° sud-
giyuuäu˙ kyuujùue˙ kyuuetsu° gyuudo˙° den illness
kyuukee°, -ei° kyuushuuch˜hòo kyuusekkijìdai gyuunabe° kyùubyoo nine
kyuukeejìka˙, -ei- kyuujùudo kyuuse˙° armi- kyuuna˙° seconds
kyuukèeshÏtsu, kyuujùunichi stice kyuuni° kyuubyòoni˙°
-èi- kyuujùuni˙ kyuusè˙ nine gyuuniku° kyuubi˙°
kyuukeejò°, -ei- kyuujùune˙ thousands gyuunikuya° kyuufu° to rest
kyuuäeki° kyuushuube˙° kyuuse˙e˙° kyuunyuu° kyùufu° provision
kyuuketsu° kyuujùuma˙ kyuuse˙kyòotei, -ee gyuunyuu° kyuubu°
kyuukètsıki kyuushùuryoku kyuuse˙ni˙° kyuunyùuki kyuuburèeki
kyuuäe˙° kyuushÎtsu° kyuusè˙poo gyuunyuuhài- kyùufu˙
kyùuäo kyuujutsu° relief kyuuse˙ràppa tatsu kyuubu˙°
kyuukoo° kyùujutsu° ar- kyùuso gyuunyuuya° gyuufu˙°
kyuuäoo° chery kyuusoo° kyùuni˙, kunì˙ kyuuhee°, -ei°
kyuukooka° kyuushu˙° kyuuzoo° kyuune˙° last giyùuhee, -ei
154 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kyuuhe˙° kyuuree°, -ei° kyooìkısha kyooäijoo° kyòosa


kyùubo° kyuureki° kyooikujijoo° gyooäimìnarai gyooza°
gyùuho kyuuroo° kyooikudai°: kyookyaku° kyoosai°
kyuuhoo° old kyùpura kyooikudàiäaku kyookyuu° kyoozai°
rule, urgent Kyùurii, Kyùrii kyooikÎtèrebi kyookyùusha kyoosaika°
message kyùròtto kyooi˙° kyooäyuubyoo° kyoosàikai
kyùuhoo mortar kyò kyoou˙° kyooäyoo° kyoosaikùmiai
kyuuboo° kìyo kyooee°, -ei° gyoogyooshìi kyoosaku°
kyùupora° kyòaku kyooeki° kyooki˙° kyoozatsùbutsu
kyùuho˙ kiyòi: kìyokatta, kyooèk˜hi kyòoku kyoozame°
kyuubo˙° kìyoku, kiyò- kyooetsu° kyòoäu kyoozamèru
kyùumai, kÎte, kiyòkere- kyooe˙° kyooäùu° kyoosa˙°
kumai° ba, kìyoshÏ kyoooo° kyooku˙° kyoosà˙ke˙
kyuumà˙, kumà˙ gyòi° kyooochi° kyòoäe kyoosa˙shùäi
kyuumee°, -ei° gyòu kyooò˙na gyookee°, -ei° kyoosa˙too°
kyuumèeäu, -èi- kyoee°, -ei° kyòoka enlighten- kyooäeki° kyooshi° to die
kyuumeetee°, -ei° gyoee°, -ei° ment, subject kyooketsu° mad
kyuumeedòoi, -ei- kyoèeshi˙, -èi- kyòoka° reinfor- gyooketsu° kyòoshi teacher
gyuumeshi° gyòe˙° cement kyooke˙° kyooji° instruction
kyuumè˙° kyoo° sutra gyòoäa kyooäè˙ kyòoji pride,
kyuumo˙° to kyòo today, ma- kyookai° kyooäe˙kata° misfortune
grill a prisoner nia kyòoäai° kyooäe˙kìäo gyooshi°
kyuumo˙°,kumò˙ -kyoo°: gyookai° kyooäe˙sàkÎsha gyòojì sumo
nine sentences sa˙me˙kyoo°, kyookàishi kyooäè˙shi referee
gyuuyà hokekyoo°, gyookàishi kyooke˙hatsudoo° gyoojì° event,
kyuuyaku° te˙rikyoo° kyookaise˙° kyooke˙byoo° function
kyuuyakÎsèesho, kiyoo° promote kyookaidoo° kyooäe˙màwashi kyoosh˜kyoku
-èi- kìyoo dexterous kyookagàsshÎku kyòoko kyooshÏtsu°
kyuuyu° gyòo kyookaku° Kyòoko kyoojitsu°
kyuuyuu° -äyoo: i˙satsuä- kyooäaku° kyòoäo kyoosha° spear
kyùuyo yoo, oroshiäyoo gyookaku° gyòoko° kyòosha strong
kyuuyoo° kyooai° kyooäakusee°, -ei° kyooäòi˙ man, insane
kyuuyoshòtoku kyooaku° kyookàsho kyookoo° crime, person
kyuuyotàikee, -ei kyòoasù kyooäashì˙ne˙ panic kyoojiyà
kyùurai kyooatsu° kyookàtabira kyookoo°, kyooòo gyòosha
kyuuraku° kyooa˙° kyookatsu° Pope kyòojaku°
slump gyooa˙° kyooäànoko kyooäoo° kyòoshu
kyùuraku° suc- kyòoi kyooäàru gyookoo° kyòoju° professor
cess or failure kyooiki° kyooka˙° kyookooki˙äe˙° kyòoju to be
kyùuri kyooiku° gyooka˙° kyookoosàiketsu blessed
kyuurìmomi° kyooikuìi˙ kyòoki kyookòosaku gyòoshu
kyuuryuu° kyooikuiì˙kai kyòoäi conference kyookootòppa kyooshuu°
kyuuryoo° hill kyooikuèeäa, -èi- kyòoäì sushi kyookoku° gyoojuuzàäa
kyùuryoo wages kyooikÎka° wrapping kyòokoku° kyooshuujò°
kyuuryòotori kyooikuäàkubu gyòoki kyòokotsu kyoojùkai
kyuuryòobi kyooikÎkàtee, -ei gyooäi° kyookòtoba kyooshÎku°
kyuuryoobùkuro kyooikukÏhò˙hoo kyooäìkai kyòokonoäoro gyooshÎku°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 155

kyooshÎtsu° gyooseemèeree, kyootsùute˙ gyoone˙° kyoomuka°


kyoojutsu° -eimèirei kyootee°, -ei° kyòoha gyoomukà˙ri
gyooshubetsu° kyoosèiryoku, -sèe- kyooteki° kyoobai° gyoomuyoo°
kyooju˙° gyooseki° kyoote˙° kyoohaku° kyoomee°, -ei°
kyòosho kyoose˙° Kyoode˙° kyoohakÎkà˙ne˙ kyoomo˙°
kyòojo gyooze˙° gyoote˙° dawn kyoohakùzai° kyooyaku°
gyoosho° kyòoso gyootè˙° amaze- kyoohakùjoo° kyòoyu°
kyooshoo° kyoosoo° ment Kyoobashi° kyooyùuchi
kyoojòo° kyoozoo° kyoote˙dòochi kyooha˙° kyòoyo
gyooshoo° gyoosòo° kyòoto kyoohà˙sha kyooyoo°
gyoojòo° kyoosooìshÏki Kyòoto kyòobi kyooyooäàkubu
gyoojòoki kyoosòokyoku kyoodoo° kiyoobì˙boo kyooyòozai°
gyooshooni˙° kyoosòozai kyoodooìcchi° kyòofu godfa- kyooyoobà˙äumi
kyoojòomochi° kyoosoosh˜kè˙ kyoodokà˙ri ther, Church kyooraku°
kyooshoku° kyoosòoshi˙ kyoodookùmiai Father kyoorakÎshùäi
kyooshòkùi˙ kyoosòoba kyoodookèeee, kyòofu° dread kyoorakÎteki°
kyoojiru° kyoosòoritsu -èiei kyòobu kyoora˙°
kyooshi˙° kyoosoku° kyoodoosàäyoo kyoofuu° kyoora˙dotoo°
kyooji˙° kyoozoku° kyoodooshàkai kyoofùukai kyòori
kyooshì˙kai kyoosokubo˙° kyoodooshıkka kyoofuuchuuìhoo kyoorik˜ko°
kyooshì˙zai° kyoozome° kyoodoosùiji kyoofıshoo° kyooritsu°
kyooshì˙shoo° kyoozo˙°, -so˙° kyoodoosèekatsu, kyoofıshi˙ kyooryuu°
kyooshi˙teki° kyòoda -èi- kyoobu˙° kyooryoo°
gyoozui° kyootai° kyoodoosèeha˙, kyoohee°, -ei° kyooryòkùsha
kyoosuibyoo° kyoodai° dressing -èi- kyoohe˙° kyooretsu°
kyoojùkue table, mighty kyoodoosè˙äe˙ kyoobe˙° gyooretsu°
kyoosùzume kyòodai brother kyoodoosè˙se˙ kyòoho kyoore˙° crazy
kyoosùru Kyootodàiäaku kyoodootai° kyoohoo° death love
kyoojuru gyootai° kyoodootsùushi˙ news, bad kyòore˙ mili-
kyoosee°, -ei° kyoodaiäè˙ka kyoodoohà˙bai news, religious tary drill
gyoosee°, -ei° kyoodàibu˙ kyoodoobè˙jo law, teaching kyoowa°
gyooseekàikaku, kyootaku° kyootòoho method kyowào˙
-ei- kyootakıki˙° kyoodoobòoäi kyoohoo°, -ho° era kyoowàkoku
gyoosèeka˙, -èi- kyoodàsha kyoodoobòki˙ kyooboo° kyoowasee°, -ei°
gyooseek˜ka˙, -ei- kyoota˙° kyoodoobòchi kyooboku° Kyoowasèeji,
gyooseekıkaku,-ei- kyooda˙° kyoodogèejutsu, kyooho˙° -èiji
gyoosèeke˙, -èi- kyòochi -èi- kyooma° kyoowatoo°
kyooseesh˜kkoo, -ei- kyoochÏkutoo° kyoodogèenoo, -èi- kyoomai° kyoowàrabe
gyooseeshìdoo, -ei- kyòochuu° Kyootòshi kyòomaku kyòka
kyooseeshòbu˙, -ei- gyoochuu° kyoodòshi kyooma˙° gyòka
gyooseesèeri, kyòocho° kyoodòshoku kyòomì kyokai°
-eisèiri kyoochoo° Kyootòfu kyòomishi˙shi˙, gyokai°
kyooseesòoka˙, -ei- kyòotsui kyoona° kyòomi shi˙- gyokàirui
kyooseesòkai, -ei- kyootsuu° kyoonì˙äyoo shi˙° kyoäaku°
gyooseesòshoo, -ei- kyootsuäo° gyoonì˙be˙ kyoomihò˙i gyokakùdaka
kyooseeteki°, -ei- kyootsùukoo kyoonetsu° kyòomu kyokàsho
gyoosèehoo°, -èi- kyootsuusee°, -ei° kyoone˙° gyòomu kyokàshoo°
156 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kyoka˙° gyokudai° Kìyoko kyose˙° kyoboku°


kyoäa˙° kyokÎtà˙ kyokoo° gyose˙° kyoma˙°
gyoäa˙rè˙zu kyòkÎchi locali- gyokoo° gyosè˙i˙ Kiyòmizu
kyòäi ty kyòkoku kyòso Kiyomizudera°
gyòki kyòkÎchi° polar gyòza kyozoo° kiyomizuyaki°
kyoäyoo° region, acme kyozai° gyòzoku gyòmi˙°
gyokyoo° kyokÎchisè˙soo kyòshi gyoso˙° kyòmu
gyoäyòoke˙ kyokÎchoo° Kìyoshi kyotai° kyomushùäi
kyòkyojitsujitsu kyokÎchoku° kyòshÏki° kyodai° kiyomè: kiyome-
kyoki˙° kyokÎtè˙° kyoshÏtsu° gyotai° noshio°
kyoku° interest kyòkÎtoo kyojitsu° gyodai° kyomee°, -ei°
kyòku pole kyokudome° kyoshÏteki° kyodaku° kiyomèru
-kyoku: yuubì˙- kyokùnai gyòsha° gyotaku° kyomoo°
kyoku kyokunori° kyojaku° kyodatsu° gyomoo°
gyoku° time char- kyokuba° kyojakujìdoo kyoda˙° Kiyòmoto E˙ju-
ge for a geisha gyokÎhai° gyoshiyasùi gyota˙° dàyuu
gyòku° jewel kyokubàda˙ gyoshadai° gyochoo° kiyomotobushi°
gyòäu kyokuba˙° kyòshu kyokkai° gyòyu°
kyokùi˙° kyòkuba˙ kyòshuu° kyokkee°, -ei° kyoyoo°
kyòkuu° kyokubi° kyojuu° kyokkoo° kyòrai°
kyokuuchi° kyokubiki° kyojùuke˙ gyokkoo° gyorai°
gyokuo˙° kyokuhÏtsu° kyojùusha gyotto° kiyòraka
kyokùäai kyòkubu kyojùuchi kyote˙° kyòri
kyokuäaichùu- kyokubuteki° kyoshÎtsu° gyode˙° kyoryuu°
ritsu kyokubumàsui kyòsho kyotoo° kyoryùuchi
kyokuäakuàsee, kyokÎhoo° kyoshoo° kyodoo° kyoryùumi˙
-ei° kyokÎhòoyaku kyòjoo° kyòtokyoto gyoryoo°
kyòkuäi kyokÎhoku° gyoshoo° kyotò˙ gyori˙°
kyokùäee°, -ei° kyokumachi gyojoo° gyoniku° gyòrui
kyokuäèeshi, -èi- kyokume˙° kyoshoku° kyòne˙ kyoree°, -ei°
kyokùäe˙° game phase gyoshoku° gyobà° kyoreehaishi°, -ei-
kyokuäe˙suru° kyokùmè˙ situa- kyoshòkıshoo gyoba˙° gyoroo°
kyokuäoma° tion kyoshi˙° kyòhi kyòrokyoro
kyòkÎsa° kyokumoku° kyoji˙° kyoh˜kè˙ gyòrogyoro
gyòkuza kyokùryoo° gyoshi˙° kyohÏhà˙noo gyorome°
gyokÎsai° kyokùryoku° kyòshi˙ta˙kai° gyòfu kiyowa°
kyokujitsu° gyòkuro gyòsu kiyobuki° kìra
kyokÎshahoo° kyokuro˙° kyosùu gyofÎku° -äìrai: hÏtoäìrai
kyòkÎsho gyoäu˙° Kiyosumitèee˙, gyòbutsu° kirau°: kirawa-
kyokÎshoo° gyoäu˙ta˙ch˜ki -èiei˙ gyòfunorì nai°, kiraòo,
gyokÎshoo° kyoäee°, -ei° gyosùru gyofu˙° kiraimàsu, ki-
gyokÎseki° gyokee°, -ei° fish- kiyose° koyhee°, -ei° ratte°, kiraèba,
kyokÎsetsu° -saped, fish-like kyosee°, -ei° kyòho kiraè
kyokÎse˙° gyòkee°, -ei° greet- gyosee°, -ei° kyohoo° kìrakira
kyokÎsè˙bi ings kyoseki° gyohoo° gìragira
kyokÎsoo° kyòäetsu kyozetsu° kìyohoohe˙, kìyo kiraku°
kyokudai° kyoäe˙° kyozetsÎhà˙noo hoohe˙° kiràsu
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 157

kirazu° kiriäàmine kiritate° Kìryuu haiku, renga


kirabìyaka kirikawàru° kiridatè° kiryùusa˙° Æ such as ya,
kiràboshi° kirikizàmu° kiridame° kiryùuzuna kana, keri…
kìra hoshinoäò- kirìäishi° kiridà˙su kiryùuchi kiretsu°
toku kirìkizu kiritsu° kiryuutòdoke gìretsu°
kiramekàsu kirikyòoäe˙ kiritsuäi° kìryo kirenaäa°
kiramèku kirikiri° kiritsÎkèru° kìryoo kirehashì°, -reppa-
kirara° girigiri° kirìtto gìryoo° kiremà
kiràrì kiriäìrisu kiritsumèru° kiryooäònomi kiremè
kirareyòsa kirikirìmai kirìdo kiryoojìma˙ kirèmono° able
kirawaremono° kirìkuäi kiridooshi° kiryòoji˙ person
kiri° fog kirìkùzu kiritori° kiryoomakè° kirèmono edged
kìri drill kirikuzushi° kiritorise˙° kiryòoyoshi tool; cutlery;
kirì end kirikuzùsu° kiritòru kìryoku° shrewd busi-
-kiri°, -kiri last kirìkÎchi girinì˙joo kirìrì nessman
time, all time kirikumi° kirinuki° kiriwari° kirèru: kirènai,
long: nakÎki- kirìkò kirinùku kiri˙° kireyòo, kiremà-
ri°, yòmukiri kirikòojoo kirinukèru° kirì˙ji su, kìrete, kirè-
-kiri°, -kiri only, kirikogàrasu kirìnoo kiru°: kinai°, ki- reba, kirekìro
alone: toriki- kiriäòtatsu kirinòki yòo, kimàsu, kìro
ri°, hanàkiri, kirikomi° kironòre˙ kÏte°, kirèba, -kiro (in com-
àmekiri kirikomu° kirìbana kìre pounds accent
girì: ogiri°, oäìri kirikorosu° kirihanàsu° kìrui falls before -kiro]
kiriai° kirisage° kiriharàu° kìruku, kòruku giroo°
giriài° kirisaäèäami kiribari° kiruti˙äu° kiroku°
kiriàu kirisaäèru° kirìbi kìruto kirokuèeäa, -èi-
kiriaäe° kirisame° kirihÏtòha gìruto kirokÎteki°
kiriaäèru° kirizà˙shoo° kirihiràku° kirè kirokubù˙äaku
kirisame°, kiria- kirìsh˜ta˙ kirìfÎki kireaäàru° kirokuyàburi
kiriìru kirijini° kirifÎsèru° kirèaji° kirogùramu, -ä-
kriuri° kirishima° kirìfuda kìree, -ei° kiròsùu
kirie° Gìrisha, Gìri- kiriboshi° giree°, -ei° girochi˙°
kiriotoshi° shia kiriboshidàiko˙ kireeäoto°, -ei- kiromèetoru
kiriotòsu° Girishaäo° kirìmaku kìreesappari, ki- kirowàtto
krioròsu° girishashì˙wa kirimado° ree° sappàri gìro˙
kirikae° girishìrazu kirimawashi° kireezukì° kiwà
kirikaeshi° kirisÎte° kirimawàsu° gireeteki°, -ei- giwaku°
krikaèsu° kirisÎtegome˙° Kirimà˙jaro kireedòkoro° kÏhada°, kiwada°
krikàeru° kirisÎtèru° kirimì kireäire° kiwadairo°
kiriäàkure KirisÎto° kirìmizu kirèkÎchi kiwadàtsu
kirikakeru° kiritsutokyoo° kirimusùbu° kirekomi° kÏhadamàäuro,
kirikàtà kirizuma° kirimè kirekòmu kiwada-
giriäatài kirìzumi kirìmochi kireji° cloth kiwadòi
kirìkabu° kiritaòsu° kirimomi° kirèji hemor- kiwamarì
kirìkami kiridashi° kirìmori° rhoids kiwwamarinài
kirìäami° kiridàsu kìryaku° kirèji° punctua- kiwamaru
kiriäamizàiku kiritàtsu kiryuu° tion words in kiwamì
158 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kiwameäaki° ki˙äashì˙ne˙ ki˙äì˙ka, -g- thread ki˙jooteppeki°


kiwametsÎki° kì˙äami ki˙ku° kì˙shi hypha ki˙jootòochi
kiwàmete gì˙äami kì˙äu ki˙ji° gold or gi˙shoku°
kiwamono° ki˙kamìmai ki˙äukò˙äu gilt letters ki˙jozùkiai
kiwamonòshi gì˙äamu ki˙äusàamo˙ kì˙ji° approxi- ki˙jomàwari
kiwàyaka ki˙äawa° ki˙äusàizu mation ki˙jomèiwaku,
kì˙ germ gi˙äawa° ki˙äùsari kì˙ji recently, -èe-
kì˙° prohibition ki˙äawadòkee, -ei gi˙äùsari pride ki˙jìru°
-ki˙, -ki˙°: ke˙- ki˙ka˙° gold ki˙äuchi° gì˙shi° gi˙jiru°
riki˙° ring, brass ki˙kee°, -ei° fore- gi˙ji° ki˙shi˙°
gì˙ silver ki˙kà˙° gold ground ki˙shiäa˙° ki˙shì˙ka˙
gì˙° to sing, to crown kì˙kee°, -ei° Dear ki˙jiki° ki˙shi˙kèkko˙
read ki˙äa˙° Sir(s)/Madam(s) kì˙shigyokuyoo, ki˙shì˙sha
ki˙atsu° gi˙ka˙° ki˙ketsubyoo° kì˙shi gyokuyoo° ki˙su°
ki˙itsu° ki˙ka˙gàkki ki˙ke˙° ki˙shÏkù˙shoo gi˙su°
kì˙ippuu, kì˙ ki˙äa˙kyoo° ki˙äe˙° ki˙jìchi ki˙suji°
ippuu° ki˙kà˙shoku kì˙ko Ki˙shÏchoo° gi˙suji°
ki˙iro° ki˙kà˙ba˙ ki˙koo° ki˙shÏtsu° homo- ki˙sùnaäo
gi˙iro° kì˙ki ki˙äoo° geneity gi˙sùnaäo
ki˙i˙° gì˙ki gi˙koo° kì˙shÏtsu° two ki˙zùru°
ki˙u˙° kì˙kijakuyaku, -gì˙koo: niho˙- di‡erent kinds gi˙zùru°
ki˙ee°, -ei° kì˙ki jakuya- gì˙koo of Chinese ki˙see°, -ei°
gi˙ee°, -ei° ku° gi˙kòoi˙ zither gi˙see°, -ei°
ki˙e˙° ki˙kÏse° gi˙kooka° kì˙jitsu° ki˙seehi˙°, -ei-
ki˙ka° near fire gi˙kÏse° gi˙kòoke˙ ki˙jìte° prohibited
kì˙ka gold coin gi˙äìseru gi˙kooyòki˙ ki˙jitoo° goods
kì˙äa ki˙kÏch˜hòo ki˙koku° ki˙sh˜hoo° ki˙sèihi˙, -èe-
gì˙ka gi˙äìtsune kì˙äoku° kì˙sha gold products
gì˙äa ki˙kyuu° kì˙kotsu ki˙shachìrime˙ gi˙sèkai
ki˙aki° ki˙kyuujìtai ki˙koba˙° gi˙shari° kì˙seki
gi˙kai° ki˙kyuutàiho ki˙koyàburi ki˙shu° ki˙sekìbu˙
ki˙kàiäyo ki˙kyuudòoäi ki˙ko˙° ki˙ju°, ki˙juu° ki˙setsu°
ki˙kaigyòäyoo ki˙kyuuhìna˙ ki˙kò˙shÏki attendant gi˙setsu° careful-
kì˙kàiki˙ kì˙äyo gi˙kò˙shÏki ki˙juu° birds “ ly selected, gild-
ki˙kàishuu ki˙kyoo° kì˙sa beasts ed folding fan
ki˙kaimono° kì˙kyoku Gi˙za° ki˙shÎku° ki˙se˙° (to tug
gi˙äaùchuu ki˙äyokÎtoo° ki˙zai° ki˙shÎkuzàisee, at a person's)
kì˙kagyokujoo, ki˙äyosıkui ki˙saku° -ei heartstrings
kì˙ka gyokujoo° ki˙äyosoo° Gi˙zase˙° ki˙shÎkusèesaku, kì˙se˙ money
kì˙kaku ki˙äyòbachi Ki˙satsu° -èi- ki˙ze˙°
ki˙äaku° ki˙äyòmo gi˙zadòori ki˙sho° gi˙se˙°
gì˙kaku ki˙äyoya° kì˙za˙ kì˙jo: gokì˙jo ki˙sè˙ka
ki˙kàkÎshi ki˙kyòri gì˙za˙ ki˙shoo° ki˙se˙shì˙taku
Kì˙kakuji ki˙kiràkì˙ ki˙za˙jimìso ki˙joo° ki˙se˙zukù°
Gì˙kakuji ki˙äirè° ki˙shi° prohibi- gi˙shoo° ki˙sòoba
gi˙äakee°, -ei° ki˙ki˙° tion, myopia gi˙joo° ki˙soku°
ki˙kàza˙, -sa˙ ki˙äi˙° kì˙shi° gold gi˙jooshu° ki˙zoku° contin-
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 159

uous service kì˙de˙ gyoku- ki˙pura° kÎsayabu° kÎshakunìke˙


kì˙zoku metal roo° gi˙bura° kÎsaràsu kÎshàmi
ki˙zokugè˙so ki˙dè˙zu ki˙bu˙° kÎsari° kùju
ki˙zokÎkòotaku kì˙do ki˙pu˙° gusàrì kÎshuu°
ki˙zòkısha ki˙too° kÎsakà˙muri kÎsariami° kujuu° distress
ki˙zokÎsee°, -ei° ki˙toowari° kÎsàki kÎsarikàtabira kyùujuu, kujùu
ki˙zokÎtèate kì˙toki kÎsakizome° kÎsarìäama ninety
ki˙zokÎhìroo ki˙dòkee, -ei° kÎsaku° kÎsàru: kÎsarà- kujuukù
ki˙so˙° gi˙dòkee, -ei° gusaku° nai, kÎsarimà- Kujuukurìhama°
ki˙dai° ki˙tore° kısakÎsa su, kÎsàtte, kÎ- kùjo
gi˙dai° ki˙to˙° kusàäusa sàreba, kÎsàre kÎshoo°
ki˙daiò˙äaku gi˙nàäashi kÎsakèeba, -èi- kÎsarè kujoo°
ki˙dàiäeki gi˙nà˙ kÎsàsu° kÎsarèe˙° Kùjoo
ki˙daigòshu kì˙niku kÎsazùmoo kÎsawakè° gushoo°
ki˙daikòkka ki˙nikuròodo kÎsazurì° kÎsawara° kujooshòri
kì˙taishÎtsu gi˙nezu°, kÎsazòoshi kùshi, kÎshì uti- gushooteki°
ki˙dàiji˙ gi˙nèzumi kÎsàtake° lization kujòzai°
ki˙daiteki° kì˙ne˙ kÎsadà˙äo kÎshì comb gushonure°, gucho-
ki˙daibijùtsıka˙ ki˙noo° kÎsàchi° kùji kujira°
ki˙daibù˙äaku ki˙noojòoi KÎsàtsu kÎshiaäe° kujirazashi°
ki˙dàka° kì˙ba kusappara° kujiu˙° kujirajaku°
kì˙dachi kì˙pa kÎsatsubushi° kÎshìäaki kujiràniku
ki˙tàmà gì˙pa kÎsatòrì kÎshiäata° kujiràmaku
gi˙dara° ki˙pai° kÎsanaäinotsu- kushÏkatsu° kujirì
Ki˙taroo° gi˙pai° ruäì kujìka˙ kujìru
ki˙taròoame kì˙bae, -ai kÎsanonè kujìku KÎshìro
ki˙da˙° gì˙bae, -ai kÎsanoneù˙doo kùshÏkumo kıshi˙
ki˙da˙shòojoo ki˙paku° kÎsanomi° kÎshikezùru° gushi˙°
ki˙ch˜sa˙, -jì- gi˙paku° kÎsàba° kujikèru guji˙°
ki˙chÏsà˙sha, -ji- gi˙hàkıshoku kÎsàbana kÎshizashì° kÎsù
kì˙cha° ki˙pakùtsÎki° kÎsabi° kushidòoäu kùzu
ki˙chàku° ki˙patsu° kÎsahìbari gushinui° gùsu
ki˙chakıkiri, gi˙patsu° kÎsabùe° kujinòäare gùzu
-àkki- ki˙bari° kÎsabukài kÎshìbako kuzùa˙°
kì˙chuu ki˙ba˙° kÎsabuki° kujibikì° kuzuito°
kì˙cho° gi˙ba˙° kÎsabukiyàne kÎshimaki° kuzùirè
ki˙choo° kì˙pi kÎsabòoki kÎshimè° kuzuorèru
ki˙choku° ki˙pÏka° kÎsamàkura kÎshimotobushi° kuzùkaäo
ki˙choku° ki˙pyoo° kÎsamì gùsha kuzùkiri
ki˙tsuba° ki˙byòobu kusamùshiri kÎshiyaki° kùsÎkÎsu
ki˙tee°, -ei° ki˙pira° kÎsamura° kujaku° gùsugusu
ki˙dee°, -ei° ki˙piragòboo kÎsàmochi kÎshakÎsha° guzuguzu°
gi˙dee°, -ei° kì˙pi˙° kÎsàmono rumpled unsettled
ki˙teekè˙poo, -ei- ki˙bùsuma kÎsamòmiji kıshakÎsha to gùzuguzu to
ki˙teki° Ki˙bùse˙ kÎsaya° be irritated or grumble, to
Ki˙tetsu° ki˙buchi° kÎsayàkyuu annoyed mutter, to
kì˙de˙gyokuroo, gi˙buchi° kÎsayàne° gùshagusha° complain
160 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kÎsuäuttài° guzùru keba, kudàke kÎchiirè° kÎchizuppàku


kÎsuäuri° kuzurè kÎtakÎta° kÎchiireya° kÎchizute°
kÎsuäuru° kuzureochìru° kùdakuda kÎchiùtsÎshi° kÎchizoe°
kuzukò° kuzurekakaru° kudakudashìi kÎchiura° kÎchidashi°
kuzuzàkura kuzurèru: kuzu- kudakèru kÎchiurusài° kÎchidàssha
kuzushì rènai, kuzure- kudasài kÎchie° kÎchitsÎki°
kuzushiäaki° yòo, kuzuremà- kudasàru kÎchioshìi guchÏppòi
kuzushìji su, kuzùrete, kudasaremono° kÎchiäaki° kÎchidomè°
kuzùsu: kuzusà- kuzurèreba, kudashi° kÎchikazu° kÎchitorì°
nai, kuzusòo, kuzurèro kudashiäùsuri kÎchiäatài° kÎchinàoshi°:
kuzushimàsu, kÎsu˙gòbu kudasu° kÎchiäane° okÎchinàoshi
kuzùshÏte, ku- kÎsè KÎtàni: kÎtani- kÎchiäaru° kÎchinashi°
zùseba, kuzùse kusee°, -ei° yaki° kÎchiäarùi° kÎchinàmezuri
kÎsudama° kÎseäe°, -èkke kÎtabarizokonai° kÎchiäàwari kÎchinàrashi
guzutsıku kÎsètsu° kÎtabàru: kÎta- kÎchiki° kÎchinawa°
kuzutetsu° kızetsu° bàtteshimae kÎchikÏki° kÎchinohà°
kuzùneri° kÎsenàoshi kÎtabìrè kÎchiäitanài kÎchiba°
kÎsunèru° kÎsèmai° kÎtabiremòoke kÎchikirì° kÎchibairo°
kÎsùnoki kÎsemono° kÎtabirèru kÎchiäìrei kÎchibashi°
KÎsùnoki Masà- kÎsè˙° kudàmono kÎchiku° kÎchibashìru
shiäe, KÎsùno- kÎsò kudamononàifu kÎchikıka˙° kÎchihàcchoo
kimasashiäe gusoo° kudamonòya° kÎchiäuse° kÎchihatèru°
kùzunoha kÎsoòch˜tsÎki Kùdara kÎchìäuchi° kÎchihabattài°
kuzuhìroi gùsoku° kudaranai° kÎchiäùruma° kÎchibaya°
kÎsubùru gusokuni° kudaranu° kÎchiäè˙ka kÎchibi°
kÎsubèru kÎsòkurae kudari° kÎchiäòosha, ku- kÎchìhiäe°
kÎsubòru kÎsojìkara kudariàyu chÏkòo- kÎchibyòoshi°
kuzumai° kÎsottarè, -ota- kudarizaka° kÎchiäòtae° kÎchibiru°
kuzùmayu° kÎsodòkyoo kudarise˙° kÎchikòtoba kÎchifùuji°
kuzumà˙juu kÎsobabàa kudaribara° kÎchikomi° kuchibùe°
kÎsùmu kÎsomàjime kudarirèssha kÎchiäomòru kÎchifısaäi°
kùzume kÎsomiso° she kudaru°: kudara- kÎchisaäanài kÎchibuchòohoo
kuzùmochi called me ev- nai°, kudaròo, kÎchisaki° kÎchiburi°
kuzùmono ery name in kudarimàsu, kÎchisabishìi, kÎchibeta°
kuzùya the book kudatte°, kuda- -mi- kÎchibeni°
kuzùyu kÎsòmiso sweep- rèba, kudarè kÎchizàwari° kÎchibèrashi°
kuzuyòoka˙ ing denuncia- kuda˙° kÎchishìnoäi kÎchihe˙°
kÎsuri°: okÎsùri tion Kuda˙shÏta° kÎchija° kÎchihè˙too
kÎsurìuri kùda Kùda˙noäòtoshÏ kÎchijàmise˙ kÎchimae°
kÎsurikÎsòobai kudai° kÎchi° kÎchijòozu kÎchimàkase°
kÎsurizuke° gutaika° guchi° kÎchizùkara° kÎchimane°
kÎsurìdai° gutàisaku -äuchi, -äuchi°: kÎchisuäi° kÎchimame°
kÎsurìbako gutaiteki° jooshàäuchi kÎchizuke° kÎchimoto°
kÎsurìbi˙ kudàku: kudakà- kÎchiai° kÎchizukèru kÎchimohàcchoo
kÎsuriya° nai, kudakòo, kÎchiakè° kÎchizusami° tèmohacchoo,
kÎsurìyu kudakimàsu, kÎchiàtari° kÎchizusàmu kÎchimohàc-
kÎsurìyubi kudàite, kudà- kÎchii° kÎchizùtae° choo tèmo hàc-
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 161

choo gussùri kùdokudo kunèru kubèru°


kÎchiyakamashìi° kÎssùru° kudosèkkai kune˙°, kyùu- kùbo°
kÎchiyàkÎsoku kÎtsuzurè° gudo˙° kune˙bo° Kubo°
kÎchakÎcha° kÎssetsu° kùnai kùnoo° kùboo
crumpled kÎtsuzoko° kunàishoo kÎhai° Kùbota
kıchakÎcha kÎttaku° kunàichoo kubàru: kubarà- Kùbotautsubo,
chew (noisily) guttàri kùna˙° nai, kubaròo, Kùbota Utsubo°
guchagucha° too kÎttsùku kuni° kubarimàsu, kubochi°
soft, messy kÎttsukèru Kùni kubàtte, kubà- kubomaru°
gùchagucha non- kıttèkakaru Kuniirì° reba, kubàre kubomi°
-stop chatting gùtto° Kunio° kyùuba˙, kubomu°
kÎchùu° gùddobai kuniòmote kuba˙° kubomeru°
kÎchuuzai° kÎtsunàoshi kuniäae° kùhi kumà corner,
kÎchoo° tone kÎtsunuäì° kuniäara° kubì recesses
kÎchòo ward chief kÎtsunuäìishi kuniäàroo gùbi kùma bear
guchoku° kÎtsùbako° Kunikidadòppo, kubiòke° kumai° rice
kÎchiyòäoshi° gùppii Kunikida° kubikàzari o‡ered to God
kÎchiyosè° kÎtsùhimo° Dòppo kubikase°, -kk- kumai°, kyuu-
kÎchìru° kÎppuku° kùniku° kubiäari° nine
guchìru° kÎtsubèra° Kunìäuni kubiki° gumai°
kÎchiwaru° kÎtsumìäaki Kùniko kubikirì° Kumàäai
guchi˙° kÎtsùya kunikòtoba kubikìru Kumàäaya
kÎtsù kÎtsuroäì° kunizàkai kubikÎkurì° kumaäari°
kÎtsùu° kÎtsuròäu Kunisadachùuji, kubijìkke˙ Kumàäawa
kÎtsuòto° kÎtsuwa° Kunisada° kubiji˙soo° kumakòo hachÏ-
kÎtsuäàeru kÎtsuwaäata° Chùuji kubisu° kòo
kıkkii kÎtsuwàmushi kunizàmurai kubizuka° Kumasakachòo-
kÎkyoo° gutee°, -ei° kunijìma˙ kubisuji° ha˙, Kumàsa-
kÎkkyoku° kÎte˙° kunijuu° kubittake°, -ita- ka Chooha˙°
kÎkkìri kude˙° kunizùkÎshi kubittàma° kumazasa°
kıkki˙äu gude˙gude˙° kunizume° kubippÏki° Kumazawabà˙-
kÎkki˙gusÎkùuru kùdo Kunitachi° kubitsurì° za˙, Kumaza-
kukki˙äupèepaa kudòi kunìtami° kubinaäe° wa° Bà˙za˙
kıtsukÎtsu kÎtoo° kunitsùzuki kubinèkko° kùmaso
gùtsugutsu kudoo° kuninàmari kubinozà° kumàtaka
kÎtsukurìimu Kùoo kuniburi° kubimakì° kumadè°
kÎssaku° gutoo° kunibetsu° kubimàwari kumadorì°
kùsshi° gudoo° kunimochì° kubiru° kumadòru
kÎtsùshÏtà kÎtòote˙ kunimoto° kubirèru° kumànàku
kÎtsushÏtadome° kudokì gunyagunya° flab- kubiwa° Kùmano
kÎtsujuu° kudokiotòtsu° by, spineless gùbu kumanòi
kÎtsujoku° kudokimò˙ku gùnyagunya kÎfuu° Kumanòäawa
gusshòri kùdoku grace, weak character kubukùri˙ kumanogò˙äe˙
kıssho˙ reward kunì˙° gubutsu° Kumanojì˙ja
kÎsshi˙° kudòku to urge, kunuäì° kubudòori kumanònada
gùzzu to make ad- kùnekune kùbu˙° kumàbachi,
kÎtsuzumi° vances to kùnetsu° kùbetsu -mà˙ba-
162 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kumamàtsuri kumishiyàshi kùmonoue kurai° dark: ku- kurashimuki°


Kumamoto° kumishùni˙ kùmonosu ràkatta, kura- kurasu°: kurasa-
Kumamotòke˙ kumisùru kùmonomine ku°, kuràkÎte, nai°, kurasòo,
Kumamotòshi kumidashi° kumomà° kuràkereba, kurashimàsu,
Kumamotòjoo kumidàsu kumomakka- kuràshÏ kurashÏte°, ku-
kumà˙bachi kumitate° shıkketsu -kùrai, -kurai rasèba, kurasè
kumì kumitatejùutaku kumoyukì° rather than kurasu°
-äumi°: niho˙äu- kumitatèru° kumoràsu do: kaukùrai, gurasu°
mi° kumìchoo kumorì yòmukùrai, a- kurasıkai
gùmi kumitsıku kumoriäachi° kaikùrai, shi- gurasÎfàibaa
kumiai° kumitè kumorigàrasu ròikùrai kurasumèeto
-kùmiai: roodoo- kumitori° kumorizòra -kùrai, -kurai e- kuradashi°
kùmiai kumitorìäuchi° kumòru: kumo- nough, almost, guràta˙°
kumiàii˙ kumitòru rànai, kumo- at least: torikù- kuràkkaa
kumiaikàtsudoo kumìha˙° ròo, kumori- rai, hanàkù- guratsÎku°
kumiàichoo kumìhimo màsu, kumòt- rai, àmekùrai kuràcchi
kumiàihi kumifÎsèru° te, kumòreba, kuraikòmu° guradèesho˙
kumiàu kumìmono kumòre kuraisuru° guranyuutoo°
kumiaäèru° to kumiwake° kumo˙° guràidaa kurabàrai
draw up the kùmi˙ gumo˙° kuraitsıku° gurabia°, -iya°
budget gumi˙° kuyàkÎsho kuraidori° kurabìraki
kumiaäèru to kumu° to pour kuyashìi: kuyà- kuràimaa kùrabu
draw water out wine to shÏkata, kuyà- kuraimake° gurafu°
kumiawàsu° drink: kuma- shÏku, kuyàshÏ- kuraimàkkÎsu gùrabu, gùroobu
kumiawase° nai°, kumòo, kÎte, kuyàshÏ- kuràimi˙äu guràf˜kku
kumiawasèru° kumimàsu, kereba, kuyàshÏ kurairì° guraêkkudezài˙
kumiìto° ku˙de°, kumè- kuyashiäàru kurairè° kurabukàtsudoo
kumiirèru° to ba, kumè kuyàshÏsa kuràu° kuràfÎto
insert in kùmu to cross, kuyashinakì° kuraudo° kurafÎtòshi
kumiirèru to to joing for- kuyashinàmida gurau˙do° kurabuhàusu
consider ces: kumànai, kuyashimàäire kuraäae° kurabe°
kumìi˙ kumòo, kumi- kuyamì: okuya- kuraäari° kurabemono°
kumìuta màsu, kù˙de, mi° kùraku kuraberu°: kura-
kumiuchi° kùmeba, kùme kuyamìjoo° kuràkÎsho˙ benai°kurabe-
kumioki° kumèuta kuyàmu: kuyamà- kùrakura yòo, kurabemà-
kumiòdori kùmenose˙ni˙ nai, kuyamòo, guragura° to di- su, kurabete°,
kumikae° kumèmai kuyamimàsu, ther, to vacillate kuraberèba, ku-
kumikaèru° kùme˙° kuyà˙de, kuyà- gùragura to tot- raberò
kumiäàshira kùmo meba, kuyàme ter, rickety Kurama°
kumikawàsu kumoài° guyuu° kuraäe° guràmaa
kumìkyoku kumoashì° kuyuràsu kurazàrae kuramai°
Kùmiko kumoi° kuyurasèru kurashi° Kuràmae
kumikò kumoäàkure kuyùru gurajiòrasu kuramàsu°
kumikòmu kumoäata° kùyoo KuràshÏki kuramatè˙äu
kumish˜ku kumòsÎke kuyootoo° kurashÏkìryoo Kuramayama°
kumishÏtà kumosÎkekò˙joo kùyokuyo kuràsh˜kku kuramu°
kumishàshi˙ kùmotsu kurà kurashiburi° gùramu
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 163

-gùramu, -ä-: gurìì˙sha ze˙to kuruijini° kurumaya°


gogùramu, -ä- guri˙pìisu, -rii˙- guriseri˙° kurùu kurumayose°
kuramoto° kurii˙h˜tto kurizè˙zai kuruuzaa° kurumàru
kurayàshÏki gurii˙bèruto kuridàsu kurùu: kuruwà- kurumì°
kurayami° kurièetaa kurìkku nai, kuruò, ku- -äùrumi: machi-
kurarinètto kurièeto kurìppu ruimàsu, ku- äùrumi, kazo-
kurawàsu° kurikae° gurìppu rùtte, kurùeba, kuäùrumi
kurawasèru° kurikaeshi° kurìdo kurùe kurumibòta˙
kurawàtashi kurikàesu° kurìnìkku kuruuji˙äu° kurùmu
kurà˙ku kurikaèru° gurinijjihyoojù˙ kurùuzu Kùrume
kura˙kùì˙ kurikaramò˙mò˙ dai gurùupu gùrume
kurà˙do, kuròodo kurikì˙to˙ kurinùku kuruoshìi kurumeäàsuri
gura˙do° kurikuri° to shave kurinòki kùrukuru kurumèku
gura˙doòpera one's head kurinobe° gùruguru kurùrì
gura˙dopìano kùrikuri (big, kurinobèru° gurukòosu gururì° around
gurà˙pùri round) charm- kurihìroi kurushìi: kurù- (sides)
kùri Buddhist ing eyes kurihiroäèru° shÏkata, kurù- gurùrì to look
priests' living guriguri° hard kurimawashi° shÏku, kurùshÏ- around
quarters lump kurimawàsu° kÎte, kurù-shÏ- kuruwa°
kurì chestnut gùriguri to press kurima˙°: kuri- kereba, kurùshÏ kuruwashìi
kurìaa, -rìa “ massage mà˙juu kurushiäàru kuruwàsu
kuriaäàru° with the elbow gùrìmu kurùshÏsa kuruwasèru
kuriaäe° kurikuripòozu kurimushi° kurushimàäire kure°
kuriaäèru° kuriäe° kurimèeäetsu, -èi- kurushìmi° Kùre
kurìara˙su kurìkètto kurimeshi° kurushìmu: ku- kurèe
kuriara˙susèeru gurikòoge˙ kuriya° rushimànai, gurèe
kuriawàsu° kurikoshi° kùryo kurushimòo, kurèejii
kuriawase° kurikoshÏki˙° kuriyòoka˙ kurushimimà- kurèetaa
kuriawasèru° kurikòsu kuriyosèru° su, kuru-shì˙- gureedo°
kurìiku kuriäoto° gùriru de, kurushìme- gureehàu˙do
gurìisu, gùrisu kurigòha˙ kurìwata ba, kurushìme kurèepu
kurìinaa kurikomi° kuri˙° kurushimèru gurèepu
kurìinì˙äu kurikòmu kùru to come: gùrute˙ gureepujùusu
kurìimii kurisaäe° kònai, koyòo, ki- gurùtto kureepudèshi˙
kurìimu kurisaäèru° màsu, kÏtè, k˜te, kurubyoo° gureepÎfurùutsu
kuriimuiro° kurìsÎtaru kùreba, kòi kurùbushi kureemu°
kuriimusà˙dee kurisÎtarugùrasu kùru to turn, to kuruma° kurèe˙
kuriimusòoda kurìsÎcha˙ reel: kurànai, kurumàisu kurèè˙sha
kuriimuchìizu kirisÎto°, ku- kuròo, kurimà- kurumaìdo kureosòoto
kuriimùpa˙ kurisùmasu su, kıtte, kÎttè, kurumàebi Kureopàtora
kuriire° kurisumasuìbu kùreba, kùre kurumazà kurekakàru
kuriirèru° kurisumasÎkàado gùru kurumàdai° kureäata°
kuriiro° kurisumasÎkyà- kurùi kurumàchi˙° kureäùre°
kurìi˙ roru -äùrui: kurumadome° kurèjitto
gurìi˙, -rì˙ kurisumasÎkèeki yakÎshaäùrui, kurumàhÏki kurejittokàado
guriinàsÎpara kurisumasÎtsurìi otokoäùrui kurumabiki° kurezòoru
kuriinàppu kurisumasÎpurè kuruizaki° kurumahe˙° kurèso˙
164 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kurètake kuròodo, -rà˙do kurodàiya kuro˙boo°, -bo° ry music


guretsu° kuròoni˙° kurotabi° kuwa° hoe gù˙äaku° tactics
kurete° kuròobaa, -ba kurodabushi° kùwa mulberry gu˙äàkısha
kurenai° kuroobànashi kurochìrime˙ tree gu˙äakÎtai°
kurenazùmu guròobaru kuròkkasu kuwai° gu˙ka˙°
kurenokòru guròobu kuròkkii kuwairè° gu˙kà˙ki
kurèbasu kuròoru guròkkii kuwaekòmu kù˙ki
kurèpasu° kuròo˙ kurotsÎchi° kuwaèza˙ gù˙ki
kurehatèru kuroobi° kuroppòi kuwaetàbako gu˙kimono°
kuremàchÏsu kuròäaki gurotèsÎku kuwaeyòoji gu˙kimonoäàtari
kuremutsu° kuroäane° kuronuri° kuwaeru° to gù˙kyo
kurèmuri˙ kurokami° kuroneko° have some- kù˙ku˙
kureyùku kuroäutsu° kuronèzumi thing between gù˙gu˙
kurèyo˙ kurokuma° kurohàbutae one's teeth gu˙ke˙°
kureru°: kurenai°, kurokumo° kuropa˙° kuwaèru° to add ku˙koo°
kureyòo, kure- kuroäùro kurobìiru kuwaäata° gu˙koo°
màsu, kurete°, kurokèmuri kurobìkari kuwaäatàmushi ku˙koku° admo-
kurerèba,kurerò kuroäo° kurobusa° kuwakè° nition
gurèru kurokoäe° kurofune° kuwashìi kù˙koku° mon-
gùre˙° kurokòshoo Kùrobe kuwàsu archy
kurè˙zaa kuroäoma° kuròbee°, -ei° kuwazuäìrai gù˙koku°
kure˙ji˙äuku- kùrosa kuroho° kuwasemonò° gu˙kokÎshùäi
rìimu kurozàtoo kuròboshi kuwasèru kù˙shi
gure˙tai° Kurosawaàkira, kuromai° kuwadatè° ku˙ji°
kùro black Kurosawa° Àkira kuromaku° kuwadatèru gù˙shi
kurò ridge be- kuroji° kuròmatsu° Kuwana° gù˙ji
tween rice fields kuroshio° kuromame° kuwabàtake gu˙jièesee, -ei°
gùro: gurotèsÎku kurojusu° kuromaru° kùwàbara gu˙jik˜chì
kuròi: kùrokat- kuroshòozoku kuromì kuwari° gu˙sh˜ki˙°
ta, kùroku, ku- kùroshiro° kuromiäakàru kàrutetto ku˙sh˜koku
ròkÎte, kùroke- kùròsu kuromisu° kuwarèru gu˙jisàiba˙
reba, kùroshÏ, kurozu° kuromìzuhÏki kuwawàru° ku˙shìji˙
kuroitàbee, -ei gùròsu kuromitsu° ku˙° gu˙jitòshi
kuroito° kurozùishoo kuròmu -ku˙°, -ku˙: Ya- gu˙jìhi
kuroeri° kurosuòobaa kùròme madaku˙°, Sà- kù˙shu
kùroo kurosÎkà˙torii kuromeäachi° tooku˙ gù˙ju°
-kuroo, -kuroo°: kurosÎka˙torii- kuromèäane gù˙ gu˙shuu°
Sadàkuroo, rèesu kuromoji° -äu˙: nishÏtamà- gu˙shuushì˙ri
Tookuroo°, kurozùkuri kuromo˙° äu˙, awàäu˙ gu˙shÎku°
Ge˙kuroo° kurosugèemu kuroyaki° kù˙i gu˙shÎkukàiäi
guroo° kurosusÎtècchi kuroyama° gù˙i gu˙jokòojoo
kuròoku kurozùmu kuròyuri° ku˙iku° ku˙shıkoku
kuròoshoo kurosuwàado kurorofòrumu, gu˙ee°, -ei° ku˙shusee°, -ei°
kuròosu kuròzetto -hò- gù˙ka gu˙jùhi˙°
kuroozuàppu kurosòkohi kurowaku° ku˙kai° gù˙sho
kuròozetto Kùroda Kiyòteru kurowàssa˙ gu˙kaku° ku˙shoo°
kuròoto, -roto kurodai° guro˙° gu˙äaku° milita- ku˙joo°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 165

gu˙shoo° gu˙patsu° keana° keeka˙tai°, kei- keekòäi, kei-


gu˙joo° gu˙patsujìshi˙ keapùra˙ keeki°, kei- busi- keekoku°, kei-
gu˙jiyòsa˙ gù˙bi kearesumìsu ness conditions keekoäòto°, kei-
gu˙shorùijuu gù˙pi kèe, kèi kèeki, kèi- pris- keekojò, kei-
ku˙shìra˙ gu˙pyoo° -kei°, -kee°: o˙do- on term, gauge, keekodai°, kei-
gu˙jìryoku kù˙pu kei, -ee meter, opportu- kèekotsu, kèi-
gu˙shirèebu, -èi- gù˙pu gèi nity geeäoto°, gei-
kù˙shi˙° ku˙pùu° keeai°, kei- geeäi, gei- keekoba°, kei-
gu˙shi˙° gu˙pÎku° kèea˙, kei- keikÏkà˙juu, kee- keekòbi, kei-
gu˙ji˙° gu˙boo° kèei, kèii keekìkyuu, kei- keekobo˙°, kei-
ku˙zukè° gu˙poo° geeiki°, geii- keekÏkootai°, kei- keesai°, kei-
kù˙zu hoäùretsu gu˙pookàiäi keei˙°, kèii˙° keekizuke°, kei- kèezai, kèi-
ku˙zùru° Gù˙ma geei˙°, geii˙° keekinàoshi, kei- keezaiè˙jo, kei-
ku˙see°, -ei° Gu˙màke˙ keeee°, keiei° keek˜hee, keik˜hei keezàikai, kei-
gu˙see°, -ei° gù˙mu management keikÏhè˙doo°, kee- keezàiäaku, kei-
gù˙zee°, -ei° ku˙mee°, -ei° kèeee°, kèiei°things Kèekyuu, Kèi- keezaigàkubu,
gu˙sèechi, -èi- gu˙moo° inseparable Keekyuuse˙°, Kei- kei-
gu˙seki° gu˙mo˙° keeeekà˙ri, keiei- kèekyo, kèi- keezaikà˙ne˙,
gu˙se˙° kù˙yu° keeeesà˙ka, keiei- keekyoo°, kei- kei-
gu˙soo° military gu˙yuu° keeèesha, keièi- keekì˙zoku, kei- keezaikÏkakı-
uniform gu˙yuukàkkyo keeèena˙, keièi- keeku°, kei- choo, kei-
gù˙soo sergeant gu˙yoo° keee˙°, keie˙° kèeäu, kèi- keezaikyòokoo,
gu˙zoo° gu˙yòoki geee˙°, geie˙° keeäu˙°, kei- kei-
kù˙soku° gu˙yòoki˙° keee˙äeki, keie˙- keekee°, kei- keezaikyòoryo-
gu˙soku° gu˙yooke˙° Keeoo°, Keioo° geeäeki°, gei- ku, kei-
gù˙zoku° gu˙yoobàto Keeoose˙°, Keioo- keeke˙°, kei- keezaisa˙äyòos-
gù˙tai gu˙yòohi˙° Keeò˙äaku, keeäe˙°, kei- hoo, kei-
gù˙dai gu˙yoorèssha Keiò˙- keekè˙sha, kei- keezàishi, kei-
gu˙taisèekatsu, ku˙yomi° keeka°, keika° keeke˙shùäi, kei- keezàiji˙, kei-
-èi- gù˙raku° kèeäa, kèi- keekè˙da˙, kei- keezaisèesaku,
gu˙da˙° gù˙ritsu° gèeka, gèi- keeke˙busoku°, keizaisèi-
kù˙chi gù˙ryaku° keekai°, kei- kei- keezaisèechoo,
gu˙te° gu˙ryakÎka° keeäai°, kei- keekè˙ro˙, kei- keizaisèi-
ku˙te˙° ku˙ri˙° geekai°, gei- Kèeko, Kèi- keezaitàikoku,
gu˙to° ku˙ree°, -ei° keekàishoku, kei- keiäo° term of kei-
ku˙too° gu˙ree°, -ei° keekàishi˙, kei- respect keezaiteki°, kei-
ku˙doo° kù˙re˙ keekaise˙°, kei- kèiäo guard keezaitòosoo, kei-
gu˙too° ku˙wa° keekàimoo, kei- geiko° keezaihàkÎsho,
-gù˙too: yaeya- ke° hair keekaku°, kei- keekoo°, kei- kei-
magù˙too kè symptom keikakÎkèezai, geeäoo°, gei- keezàime˙, kei-
ku˙doku° -ke°: tokuäawàke kei- keekòoäyoo, kei- keezàiryoku, kei-
gu˙doku° gè keekakuteki°, kei- keegòoki˙, kei- keesatsu°, kei-
ku˙nyàri kèa keekasòchi, kei- keekoosè˙ryoo, keesàtsıka˙, kei-
gù˙ba keai° keekahòokoku, kei- keesatsÎke˙°, kei-
gu˙bài°: keàu kei- keekootoo°, kei- police dog
gu˙baiùchìwa keaäari° keeka˙°, kei- keekootòryoo, kei- keesàtsıke˙, kei-
gu˙batsu° keashi° keeäa˙°, kei- keekòoyaku, kei- police powers
166 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

keesatsÎshò°, kei- gèeshuu, gèi- keezòkıhi, kei- keebaku°, kei-: kee- keemùsho°, kei-
keesàtsıchoo, kei- keeshuusàkka, keesotsu°, kei- bakuäèk˜ki, kei- keemee°, kei-
keesa˙°, kei- kei- keezo˙°, -so˙° keebajoo°, kei- geemee°, gei-
keesà˙ki, kei- keeshÎku°, kei- keetai°, kei- keehatsu°, kei- keemoo°, kei-
keesà˙jaku°, kei- geejutsu°, gei- kèedai, kèi- kèebatsu, kèi- keemooù˙doo,
keesa˙shò°, kei- geejutsùi˙, gei- geedai°, geidai°: kèeha˙°, kèi- kei-
keesà˙shoo, kei- geejutsuì˙shoo, Tokyogeejutsud keehà˙zai, kei- keeyaku°, kei-
keeshi°, kei- exe- gei- àiäaku keehà˙shi˙, kei- keeyakıki˙°, kei-
cution geejutsÎka°, gei- keetàiäaku, kei- kèehi, kèi- keeyakÎshài˙,
kèeshi°, kèi- to geejùtsısai, gei- keetaidè˙wa, kei- kèebi, kèi- kei-
contempt, neg- geejutsÎsee°, gei- keetaihi˙°, kei- keebìi˙, kei- keeyu°, kei- gas
ligence geejutsÎsè˙shoo, geedàssha, gei- keehitsu°, kei- oil, light oil
kèeshi, kèi- po- gei- geeda˙°, gei- keebihòshoo, kei- kèeyu° via
lice superinten- geejutsuteki°, gei- Keedà˙re˙, Kei- keehi˙°, kei- geeyu°, gei-
dent geejutsuhi˙°, gei- keechÏtsu°, kei- geehì˙ka˙, gei- kèeyo, kèi-
keeji°, kei- notice geeshu˙°, gei- keechuu°, kei- keehi˙kyùukoo, keeyoo°, kei-
keeshi°, kei- rev- keeshoo°, kei- Kèechuu, Kèi- kei- keeyòoshi, kei-
elation keejoo°, kei- keechoo°, kei- keehi˙toohokÎse keeyoose˙°, kei-
kèeji, kèi- detec- keeshòosha, kei- kèetsui, kèi- ˙°, kei- keeyoodòoshi, kei-
tive, happy keejòohi, kei- keetee°, kei- keefu°, kei- keeyòsha, kei-
event keeshoku°, kei- keeteki°, kei- genealogy keeyò˙ri˙, kei-
keejìka°, kei- snack keete˙°, kei- kèefu°, kèi- step- kèera, kèi-
keeshÏki°, kei- kèeshoku scen- keito° father keera˙°, kei-
keeshÏkishùäi, kei- ery, view kèedo, kèi- kèebu, kèi- kèeri, kèi-
keeshikiteki°, kei- keeshi˙°, kei- keetoo°, kei- geefùu°, gei- keerìshi, kei-
keejisàiba˙, kei- keezu°, kei- gèetoo, gèi- keefÎku°, kei- kèeryaku°, kèi-
keejijìke˙, kei- keesui°, kei- geedoo°, gei- keebutsu°, kei- keeryuu°, kei-
keejijoo°, kei- keesuiro°, kei- keetooteki°, kei- keefùbo, kei- keeryoo°, kei-
keejijòoäaku, kei- keesùu, kei- keetoobetsu°, kei- keebùho, kei- light weight
keeshiÏsòoka˙, kei- keezùkai, kei- keedòomyaku, keefu˙°, kei- keeryòo°, kei-
keejisòshoo, kei- keesee°, keisei° kei- keebetsu°, kei- measure, gauge
keesh˜choo, kei- keiseigèka, keisei- geedòkoro°, gei- keebe˙°, kei- keeryookàppu,
keeshÏtsu°, kei- keeseki°, kei- geenashi°, gei- keebe˙tètsudoo, kei-
keijidòosha˚ kee- keesetsu°, kei- geenashizàru, gei- kei- keeryòoki, kei-
keejiba°, kei- keese˙°, kei- keeniku°, kei- kèebo, kèi- to keeri˙°, kei-
keejiba˙°, kei- mooring geeniku°, gei- love “ rispect keeri˙joo°, kei-
keejihòshoo, kei- kèese˙°, kèi- ruled geeniku°, gei- kèebo°, kèi- step- keerui°, kei-
keesha°, kei- slope line, meridian geenoo°, gei- father keeree°, keirei°
kèesha, kèi- hen- kèeso, kèi- geenòokai, gei- kèehoo°, kèi- keereki°, kei-
house keesoo°, kei- geenòoji˙, gei- warning geereki°, gei-
geesha°, gei- keezoo°, kei- gèenomushi, gèi- kèehoo, kèi- keeretsu°, kei-
geishaàäari keesòodo, kei- keeba°, kei- criminal law keere˙°, kei-
keeshàchi, kei- keesoku°, kei- keehai°, kei- keeboo°, kei- keiro°
geeshaya° keezoku°, kei- keehaku°, kei- keehòoki, kei- kèero, kèi-
kèeshu, kèi- keezokÎshì˙sa, enlightenment keemà, kei- keeroo°, kei-
keeshuu°, kei- kei- kèehaku°, kei- keemyoo°, kei- keeròokai, kei-
keejuu°, kei- keezokuteki°, kei- Yours Sincerely kèemu, kèi- keeròodoo, kei-
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 167

keeroonohì, kei- gèkÏka° gekiyaku° keshigomu° gesùidoo°


Kèi˙zu gekiäa° keäìrai keshÏsàru kezùkuroi
kèu gekÏkai° gekiryuu° keshizumi° kesuji°
keura° gekikara° gekiri˙° keshÏtsùbu° kesujìtate
kèeki gekiäe˙° gekiree°, -ei° keshÏtsùbo° gèsÎto
gèeji° gekÏkoo°, gekkoo° gekiretsu° keshÏte° kezune°
kèesu gekÏsai° gekiroo° keshÏtòbu gesubàru
keesusÎtàdii gekÏsaku° gekiro˙° keshÏtomèru kezume°
keesubaikèesu gekÏsakÎka°, gekùu° keshibòozu kezuri°
keesuwàakaa -akka° gèäe kejimè° kezuritòru
geese˙° gekÏshi° geketsu° gèsha° kezuribushi°
keetari˙gu° gèkÏsho keäe˙° geshàeki kezuru°: kezura-
Gèete gekÏshoo° gèko geshÎku° nai°, kerzuròo,
gèeto gekÏjoo° gekoo° end of geshÎkuni˙° kezurimàsu,
geetobòoru -gèkijoo: Shi˙ko- school day geshÎkuya° kezutte°, kezu-
geetoru° kuritsuäèkijoo gèkoo° downward kejùsu rèba, kezurè
kèepu gekÏshookà˙e˙ geäoku° geshÎtapo° kezureru°
KeepÎtàu˙ gekÏshoku° gekòkùjoo geshùni˙° gesènai
kèeburu gekÏshi˙° kekomi° gèju˙° gesèru
keeburùkàa gekiji˙° kekoròsu gèjo gesewa°
keeburutèrebi gekÏsùru keäo˙° keshoo° gese˙°
gèemu gekÏse˙° keäo˙äyoo° gejoo° gèso
geemùki gekÏsè˙chi keäò˙shuu keshòoäami kesòo°
geemusètto gekizoo° keäo˙ntotaki° keshooshÏtà° gesoku°
geemusè˙taa gekÏtai° kesa° surplice keshòoshÏtsu gesokùba˙°
keosarèru° gekida˙° kèsa this morning keshòosui gesokıfuda
keotòsu gekÏchuu° gèza keshoosèkke˙ kezome°
keori° gekÏchùuäeki gezai° keshoodai° keta°
keorìmono° gekÏchi˙° gezàuta keshoodòoäu geta°
keäà: keäano- gekÏtsui° gezaò˙äaku keshoonàoshi ketai°, -dai°
koomyoo° gekÏtsuu° kesaäake° keshòobako gedai°
geka° gekÏteki° kesàäata° keshoohi˙° ketaòsu
gèkai° this world gèkido gesaku° keshoobeya° kedakài
gekài surgeon gekÏtoo° gesakısha keshòomaku ketaäuri°
kekàesu gekidoo° kesahodo° keshoomàwashi kèdashi°
keäaki° gekidòoki geza˙° keshòoryoo kedàsu
keäasu° gekidoku° keshi° kejìrami ketatamashìi
keäani° gekÏtotsu° geshi° keshiwasure° ketachìäai
keäani˙° gèkÏha gèji keshi˙° gedatsu°
keäamake° gekÏhatsu° keshii˙° kesu°: kesanai°, ketatèru
keäarawashìi gekÏhyoo° keshÏkakèru° kesòo, keshimà- getabaki°
keäarè gekÏhyooka° keshÏkarà˙ su, keshÏte°, ke- getabakijùutaku
keäarèru gekibushi° kèshÏki sèba, kesè getabako°
keäawa° gekìbutsu keshÏkibàmu gesu° ketahàzure
gèki gekÏhe˙° keshiäuchi° gesui° kedama°
gekièeäa, -ièi- gèkimu gejigèji° gesuikoo° kedamono°
gekietsu° gekimetsu° gejigejimàyu gesuikòoji getaya°
168 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kedarùi° ketsuäìa˙ gessha° kettèeke˙, -èi- getsuyòo


gèda˙° kekkizàkari kesshuu° kettèeda, -èi- getsuyòobi
kèchi ketsuäìbu˙° kesshÎtsu° ketteeteki°, -ei- getsùrai
kechìäa˙° kekkyuu° kèssho° ketteeba˙°, -ei- ketsuraku°
kechÏkÎsài gekkyuu° kètsujo kettè˙ gètsuri
kèchÏkechi gekkyùude˙ kesshoo° ketto° gètsuri
kechàppu gekkyùutori ketsujoo° gètto ketsuryuu°
kechirakàsu gekkyùubi gesshoo° kettoo° ketsurui°
kechiràsu gekkyuubùkuro kesshòose˙° kettooshò° ketsuree°, -ei°
kechì˙boo kèkkyo° kesshòote˙ kettòochi getsuree°, -ei°
ketsu° hips, tail kekkyokù° kesshooba˙° kettobàsu° ketsuretsu°
end kekki˙° kesshoku° ketsuniku° kètsuro
kètsu lack gekki˙° gesshoku° ketsunyoo° ketsuro˙°
ketsuatsu° kèkku° kesshokujìdoo keppai° getemono°
ketsuatsÎkee°, -ei° gekkee°, -ei° kesshi˙° trial kèppaa kèdo
kètsui gekkèeka˙, -èi- conclusion keppaku° ketòo
ketsui˙° gekkèeju, -èi- kèsshi˙ determi- keppatsu° gedòo
getsuee°, -ei° gekke˙° nation ketsuba˙° gedoku°
Ketsùeki° kekkoo° blood ketsuji˙° keppa˙° gedokùzai°
ketsuekiäata° circulation, to kessùru° keppà˙joo° ketobàsu
ketsuekigì˙koo carry out kessee°, -ei° keppyoo° kètoru, -tt-
ketsuekÏsèezai, -èi- kekkòo° structure ketsuzee°, -ei° geppyoo° kedòru°
ketsuekìse˙taa kèkkoo to be kesseekà˙e˙, -ei- keppyòoki kènaäe°
ketsue˙° content with gessèkai ketsubi˙° kenasu°
kèkka° ketsuäoo° kesseki° geppu° kenami°
gèkka°, gèkÏka° gekkoo° moon- kessekÏsàiba˙ ketsubutsu° gèna˙
intensification light kessèk˜sha geppubàrai gèni
gèkka under the gekkoo° gekÏkoo° kessetsu° geppÎhà˙bai Kènia, -iya
moon rage, excite- kesse˙° geppei° kèni˙°
kekkai° ment ketsuze˙° keppeki° geni˙°
kekkaku° kekko˙° kesse˙tòohyoo ketsubetsu° kenukì°
getsuäaku° kekko˙sàäi kessòo ketsube˙° kenukiàwase
kekkakıki˙° kekkò˙shÏki kessoku° ketsuboo° genetsu°
gekkabìji˙ kekko˙sèekatsu, ketsùzoku° geppoo° genetsùzai°
gèkkahyooji˙ -èi- ketsuzokÎkèkko˙ ketsubòoshoo° Kènedi
kèkka fùza, kek- kekko˙hìroo gessòri keppo˙° kène˙°
kafùza kèssai kèsso˙° ketsùmaku° keba°
kekkàro˙ kessaku° kettai° ketsumakùe˙° gèba
kekka˙° kèssa˙ kettaku° ketsumazùku° kèhài
gekka˙° gessa˙° ketta˙° ketsumatsu° kehaeäùsuri
gekkà˙shi kessa˙hòokoku ketsuda˙° getsumatsu° kebakebashìi
kekkà˙sha kèsshi° getta˙° ketsumyaku° kebadàtsu
kèkki to rise “ ketsuji° ketsudà˙ryoku ketsumee°, -ei° gebàhyoo°
act kesshÏtai° kecchaku° getsumee°, -ei° kebari°
kèkki° vigor, ketsujitsu° kècchoo getsumè˙° Gebaruto°
hot blood kesshÏte° kecchi˙° ketsuyuubyooo° geha˙°
kètsùäi kèssha kettee°, -ei° gètsuyo kebìishi
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 169

kebyoo° gè˙see°, -ei° this ke˙tai° ge˙choo° Ke˙ni˙jì


gebìru world, recent- ke˙dai° poem Kè˙chooji ke˙ni˙jìäaki
kèbi˙, kyà- ness subject ke˙chooshozàichi ge˙nè˙do
kepi˙° ge˙zee, -ei°° kè˙dai book ke˙chì˙ ke˙noo°
gehì˙ ge˙seedòobutsu, holder ke˙chi˙jìru ge˙nòo
kemu°, -bu° -ei- ge˙tai° decline ge˙tsÎki° ge˙noshòoko
kemui°, -bui° ge˙sèeri˙, -èi- gè˙tai° one's kè˙tsÎku ke˙nò˙
kebukài° ke˙seki° (original) unit ke˙tee°, -ei° kè˙ba
kemutai°, -bu- gè˙seki° ge˙dai° original ge˙tee°, -ei° ge˙ba°
kemuri°, -bu- ke˙sèkìu˙ title ke˙teezumi°, -ei- ke˙pai°
ge˙shiryokÎhà- ke˙sekÏshòbu˙ gè˙dai modern ge˙teeba˙°, -ei- ge˙pai°
tsude˙ ke˙setsu° times ke˙tèeryoo, -èi- ke˙bàiki
ge˙shìri˙ ge˙setsu° ge˙daikanazù- kè˙tetsu° ge˙bakà˙toku
ke˙jìru° ke˙setsùäyoo kai kè˙te˙° ke˙paku°
ge˙jìru° ke˙sètsıshoo ke˙tàiki ke˙de˙° ge˙baku°
ge˙shìro ke˙setsÎteki° ge˙daiäo° ge˙te˙° point ke˙pakısho°
ke˙shi˙° ke˙sètsıhi ge˙taishÏki° deducted ge˙bakıshoo°
ke˙jì˙° ke˙ze˙° ge˙dàiji˙ gè˙te˙° origin ge˙bakè˙shoo
ge˙ji˙° ge˙se˙° ge˙daìkko° kè˙to ge˙batsu°
ke˙jì˙kai ge˙ze˙° ge˙daiteki° gè˙do ge˙patsu°
ke˙shi˙teki° ge˙se˙kake- ge˙daiba˙° ke˙too° examina- ke˙ba˙°
ge˙zu° naäashi° ge˙dàibu˙ tion, investiga- ge˙ba˙° original
ke˙sui° ge˙se˙kàzee, -ei ke˙daka° tion, good version
ge˙sui° decreas- ge˙se˙zàisee, -ei ge˙dàka° fight, boxing ge˙ba˙°, -pa˙°
ing amount of ge˙se˙chòoshuu ke˙dama° ke˙tòo direc- negative photo
water kè˙so ke˙ta˙° tion, guess ge˙hà˙ketsu
gè˙sui marshal gè˙so ke˙ta˙ka° ke˙doo° highway kè˙bi
ge˙sùibaku ke˙soo° noise gè˙dà˙kai kè˙doo Kendo ke˙pi° monu-
ge˙sùiryoo kè˙soo stern, kè˙chi° land sur- ge˙too° ment erection
ke˙sùu austere vey, detection ge˙doo° kè˙pi prefectur-
ge˙sùu ke˙zoo° kè˙chi viewpoint ge˙dòoki al expense
ke˙sùru ge˙soo° gè˙chi spot, field ke˙tòoshi gè˙pi
ke˙zùru° ge˙zoo° gè˙chi° promise ke˙toochìäai ke˙bikyoo°
ge˙zùru° ke˙sòou˙ ke˙chÏku° ke˙toohàzure kè˙bishi
ge˙su˙° ge˙zòoeki ke˙hchÏkuka° ge˙dòoryoku ke˙pìshÏki
ge˙su˙dai° ge˙sòokyoku ke˙˙chÏkùäyoo ge˙dòäaku ke˙pÏtsu°
gè˙se ke˙zòobutsu ke˙chÏkùshi ke˙tòshi ge˙pyoo°
ke˙see°, -ei° check, ke˙soku° ke˙chÏkùbutsu kè˙dojuurai gè˙pi˙° original
pick-o‡ kè˙zoku ke˙chìji kè˙do˙° article
kè˙see°, -ei° in- ge˙soku° ge˙chìji˙ kè˙nai gè˙pì˙ the real
fluence, power ke˙so˙° ge˙chÏhòokoku ge˙nama° thing
ke˙zee°, -ei° ge˙so˙° to really ke˙cha° ge˙nàri kè˙bu
ge˙see°, -ei° stric- exist, a great- kè˙chuu ke˙na˙° kè˙pu
tness, primor- great-grand- ge˙chuu° gè˙ni gè˙pu
dial, the pres- child kè˙cho ke˙nyoo° ge˙puu°
ent state (of ge˙zo˙°, -so˙° to gè˙cho° ke˙ni˙° ge˙bùäa˙
a‡airs) exist, living kè˙choo ge˙ni˙° ge˙pÎku°
170 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ke˙pùji˙ gè˙mai ke˙ryokÎtòosoo koìäuchi° gouchì


ke˙butsu° ge˙màishoku ke˙rui° koikÎchijòoyu, kouma°
ge˙butsu° ge˙màicha ke˙ree°, -ei° -chishòoyu kòume, kò˙me
ke˙bùtsıkyaku ge˙màipa˙ Ke˙rèemo˙, -èi- goike˙ba˙° kouri°
ge˙butsÎkyùuyo ke˙màki kè˙ro koikoäarèru° kourìshoo°
ke˙bùtsıseki kè˙maku ke˙roo° koikoku° kourìte˙°
ge˙butsÎtòrìhÏki ge˙ma˙° ge˙roo° koiäòkoro kourìne
ke˙butsùni˙° ge˙mitsu° ge˙ròoi˙ goìsaäi° kourusài°
Kè˙burìjji ge˙myoo° gè˙roku koishi° kòe voice
ke˙bu˙ ke˙mi˙° ke˙rokıe˙ kòiji° koè manure
ge˙bu˙ kè˙mu ge˙rokujìdai goishi° koee°, -ei°
ge˙bunìcchi° ke˙mee°, -ei° ge˙ròkımoyoo koishìi goee°, -ei°
ke˙pee°, -ei° pow- ge˙mee°, -ei° ge˙ro˙° KoishÏkawa° goèeka, -èi-
er, authority ge˙metsu° ge˙waku° koishÏtàu° koeäàkari: okoe-
kè˙pee, -ei mili- ge˙me˙° kò powder, flour Koìzumi Yàku- äàkari
tary policeman ge˙moo° -ko lake: Towa- mo, Koizumi- koeäara°
ge˙pee°, -ei° ke˙motsu° dàko yàkumo koeäàwari
ge˙peejoosùiki, kè˙mohororo -ko (female name kòisùru koèäòe
ge˙peeseesùiki ke˙mo˙° ending): SàchÏ- koìsoäi koejìma˙
ke˙peezuku°, -ei- ge˙mo˙° ko, Màsako koichijìka˙ koeda°
ke˙pèeritsu, -èi- gè˙ya gò language kòicha° koetaäo°
ke˙betsu° ke˙yaku° -äo° language: koichìri koedame°
ke˙be˙° ge˙yu° gaikokuäo° koitsu° koètsÎki°
kè˙bo ke˙yuu° -äo (male name goìsshi˙ gòetsudooshu
kè˙po ge˙yuu° ending): Shòoäo koinàka° koebi°
gè˙bo° ke˙yùusha kòa koinyòoboo goemo˙bùro°
ke˙boo° ke˙yùuri˙ goàisatsu koinu° koeru to go over:
kè˙poo ke˙yoo° koàäari kòineäàu, -äòo koenai°, koe-
ge˙poo° salary cut ge˙yoo° koàkìnai koineäàwàkuwa yòo, koemàsu,
gè˙poo° subtrac- ke˙yòosui koakì˙do koinòbori koete°, koerèba,
tion ke˙ra˙° koaza° kòinoyami koerò
ke˙pooìha˙ kè˙ri koaji° koibito° koeru to grow
kè˙pookaisee, gè˙ri koàtari koìbumi° fat: koènai,
kè˙poo kaisei° ke˙rìkabu kòara koimè koeyòo, koemà-
ke˙pookinè˙bi ke˙rìki˙° kòi dark, deep, koimo° su, kòete, koè-
ke˙boojussuu° ke˙ritsu° thick: kòkatta, kòiru reba, koèro
ke˙bòoshoo ke˙ritsÎkòokoo kòku, kòkÎte, Koiwa° goe˙° aspiration
ke˙poohàppu, ke˙ritsudàigaku kòkereba, koiwàzurai gòe˙ five yen
kè˙poo happu° ge˙ryuu° kòshÏ kòi˙ goè˙ fate, rela-
ge˙boku° kè˙ryo kòì request goi˙° tionship
ke˙po˙° compli- kè˙ryòo gòi koi˙pàaki˙gu kòo°, -koo: shÎs-
mentary copy ge˙ryoo° outage koiuta° koi˙rà˙dorii shì˙koo, Yoko-
kè˙po˙° artwork ge˙ryòo raw ma- kòika koi˙ròkkaa hamàkoo
silk terials kòìkaze kòu -kòo public
gè˙po˙° kè˙ryoku koiäàtaki koushi° school, harbor:
kè˙ma kenryokuàrasoi kòiki° kouta° hachÏkòo
gè˙ma ke˙ryòkısha koikÎchi° koùtai -koo° proof read-
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 171

ing: shokoo°, kooè˙sha young scholars kookyuu° tality


sa˙koo° kòoo likes “ dis- kòoäaku° optics gookyuu° kooäùu° Imperi-
gòo likes gookaku° kookyùusha al Palace
-äo: goäatsùäoo kooo° to call to kooäakuk˜kài kookyuusè˙i˙ kookùuki
kooatsu° each other kooäàkıshi kookyuuteki° kooäuukèesatsu,
kooatsùäama° goo° gookàkısha kookyùute˙ -èi-
kooatsÎse˙° kòootsu kooäàkıshi˙ kookyùubi kookùuke˙
kooatsÎteki° kooo˙° gookàkıte˙ kookyùuhi˙° koookùushi
kooa˙° gooo˙° kooäàkùne˙ kòokyo kookuujieetai°, -ei-
kooa˙ìi˙ kooò˙bu kooäakÎhàkÎshi, kookyoo° kookuutai°
kooa˙iì˙kai kòoka high -se kooäyoo° promo- kookùubi˙°
kooà˙sha price, coin kooäàkùbu tion, show kookùuhee, -ei
kooa˙jòoree, -ei kòoka° descent, gookakùritsu kòoäyoo industry kookuubòka˙
kooa˙choosà- fall kookakùrui kookyòoäaku kookùuro
choo kòoäa kookakurè˙zu kookyooäàkùda˙ kòokÎsu
kòoi gòoka Kookàsasu kookyookiäyootai° Kookùri
gooi° gookàato kookàjoo° kookyòokyoku googuru°
kooiki° kookai° interna- kookase˙° kooäyoogì˙koo kooäu˙°
konìshÏtsu tional waters, gookase˙° kooäyookòokoo kòoäe
kooìshoo° renewal kookatsu° kookyòoshi kookee°, -ei° dia-
kooichi° kòokai regret, kookateki° kooäyòoshi meter, succes-
Kooichi° Red Sea, yel- kookatètsudoo kookyoojìäyoo sion
kooitsu° low Sea gookaba˙° kookyoosh˜sètsu kòokee°, -ei° spec-
gooitsu° kooäai° pollu- kooka˙° kookyooshò tacle, view
kòoittsui tion, summary, kooäa˙° kookyòoshi˙ kòoäee°, -ei°
kòoitte˙ to let out gooka˙° kookyoosee°, -ei° gookee°, -ei°
kooi˙° kòoäai outside gooäa˙° kookyoodà˙tai kookèeki, -èi-
gooi˙° school, o‡ kookà˙kyoku kooäyooch˜tài kookèesha, -èi-
kooì˙joo° campus kooäà˙zai° kookyootòoshi kookeenàikaku,
kòou gookai° kookà˙shu kooäyootòshi -ei-
gòou gooäai° kooka˙jòoke˙ kooäyòonushi kooäeebìjutsu, -ei-
kooùryoo kookaikòoza kooka˙shì˙kee, -ei kookyoohòosoo kooäèehi˙°, -èi-
koou˙° kookàijoo° kooka˙se˙° kooäyoomono° kooäeki°
kooù˙ki kooäàisui kooka˙dai° kooäyooyoo° kookechi°
kooù˙ji kookaisòosa kookà˙pa˙ kookyooryòoki˙ kooketsu°
kooee°, -ei° kooäaidè˙sha kòoki kòokyogaie˙ gooketsu°
kooeejùutaku, -ei- kookaidoo° kòoäi friendship kooäyoku° kookètsùatsu
kooèehee, -ei° kooäaitòo choo- kòoäì protest, kookìroku kookèkka
Kooeki° seeiì˙kai lecture kooäìroku kooke˙° civil
kooekijìäyoo gooäaiya° gòoki kooki˙° rights, e‚cacy
kooekÏhòoji˙ kookàäaku gòoäi kooäi˙° kookè˙° tutelage,
kooetsu° kookaäakÎsu- kookìatsu gooki˙° prompter
kooe˙° mòggu kòoki koorèesha, kòoku kooäè˙° antigen,
-kòoe˙: Yoyoäi- kookaku° kòoki koorèisha kòoäu plateau
kòoe˙ kooäaku° sum of kookijìte˙ gòoku -kòoäe˙:
kooè˙kai money, love of kook˜shi˙ kookuu° Shiäakòoäe˙
Kòoe˙ji learning, gooäisee°, -ei° kooäuu° hospi- kooäè˙° to de-
172 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

clare openly, kooäòbu˙° shrine kooshuujò° kooshokubo˙°


to profess, kooäòhoo° gòoshi country kooshuudè˙wa goojoppari°
flattery gooko˙° samurai, squire kooshùuha koojìru°
gooke˙° kòosa° crossing Kooshìe˙ kooshuubùdoo kooshi˙° renew-
kooäè˙äaku kòosa common gooshiäàisha kooshuubè˙jo al, parade
kookè˙do di‡erence, yel- koosh˜ka˙ kooshuuyòkujoo kòoshi˙° final
kooke˙ni˙° low sand kooshÏki° kooshıkee°, -ei° a‡ection, filial
kooäe˙byoo° kooza° bank ac- kooshÏkikìroku kooshùdai° piety
kooke˙yaku° count, lecture kooshÏkise˙° kooshÎtsu° kooji˙° pulic
kooäenyàsai koozà platform, koojigè˙ba koojutsu° person, gov-
kooko°, -oo° stage kòoshÏko˙doo koojutsush˜kè˙ ernment o‚-
kòoko koosai° kooshijima° koojutsùni˙° cial, dust
kooäo° colloquial koozai° to steel, kooshizùkuri koojutsuh˜kki kòoji˙ powerful
word execution by koosh˜see, -ei koojuhòoshoo deity, miracu-
kòoäo alternate hanging kooshÏtsu° kòosho lous spirit
gooäo° kòozai° merits “ kokojitsu° kòojo kooshì˙etsu
kookoo° high- demerits koojitsusee°, -ei° kooshoo° kooshì˙kyoku
school, naviga- koosaika° kooshÏtsutè˙pa˙ koojoo° improve- kooshì˙koku
tion, mouth koosàihi kooshÏte° ment, intima- kooshi˙jò°
kòokoo filial koosairìkuri kooshìdo cy, constancy kooshi˙zuka°
piety/duty koozàiryoo koojiba° koojòo° state- koojì˙butsu
kooäoo° copula- goosài˙ koojìhi ment, message, kooshi˙machi°
tion koosaku° Koojimachi° oral introduc- kooshì˙ryoo
kooäòo empress koosakùi˙ kooshimàdo tion, factory kooshì˙roku
googòo° koosakuk˜kài kòosha o‚cial gooshoo° kòosu
gòogòo koosatsu° residence, goojoo° koozu°
kookòoäai koozatsu° schoolhouse, koojòoii koosui° perfume,
kooäooshìi koosàte˙° corporation kooshòoäai hard water,
kookòosee, -ei goosàrashi kòosha° to leave, koojooäaki° mineral water
kooäoohèeka, -èi- koosa˙° the latter koojòoke˙ kòosui kind of
kookòoya kooza˙° gòosha koojòoshi˙ pear
kookòäaku koozà˙äyoo kòoshaku koojoose˙° koozui°
kookoäàkusha kooza˙shokù- kooshàkıshi koojòochoo koosuikàkuritsu
kookoku° butsu kooshàäuchi° koojooteki° koosùiryoo
kookokùäyoo kooza˙byoo° kooshàsai koojooni˙° goosùu
kookokÎshàshi˙ kooshi° lattice, gòojasu koojoohèesa, -èi- koozuka°
kookokudairìte˙ grid kooshàhoo° goojoomono° kòozuke
kookokÎtoo° kòoshi lecturer, kooshàri˙ kooshooyàkuba kòosÎtaa
kookokùnushi minister, kòoshu kooshoku° gòosuto
kookokùbu˙ white teeth kòojù kooshokuichi- goosÎtotàu˙
kookokuya° kòoji construc- kooshuu° daiòtoko goosÎtòppu
kookokùra˙ tion, alley Kòoshuu kooshokuichi- koosùru
kooäosàyoo kòoji° o‚cial kòojuu daiò˙na koozùru°
kooäotai° notice gòoshuu kooshokujì˙shu, goosùru
kookotsu° gooshi° joint kooshuuèesee, -ei oosho- koosee°, -ei° jus-
kookotsıka˙ stock kooshùukai kooshokÎse˙kyò- tice, fairness,
kookotsumòji gòoshi° to en- kooshuukàidoo hoo° proofreading,
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 173

public welfare goose˙° gootà˙e kootsùuhi kootookèkkaku


kòosee, -ei youn- gooze˙° kootà˙sai kootsùumoo kootooke˙satsı-
ger persons koosè˙koku koodà˙shi kootsùuryoo choo
goosee°, -ei° com- koose˙chuu° koodà˙sha gootsÎkùbari° kootoosaiba˙shò°
position, syn- kòoso° ancestor, kooda˙jùutaku kootsùäoo kootooshìmo˙
thesis root kooda˙bo˙° kootee°, -ei° kootooshooäàk-
gòosee, -ei grand, kòoso appeal (to kòochi elaborate, koodee°, -ei° koo
luxurious court), prose- exquisite, ara- gootee°, -ei° kootoojoäàkkoo
kooseekèttee, -ei cution, enzyme ble land, high- kooteekàkaku, -ei- koodootai°
gooseeäo°, -ei- koozo° lands koodinèetaa koodooteki°
gooseegòmu, -èi- koosoo° kòochì detention koodinèeto koodoohà˙kee, -ei
goosèeshu°, -èi- koozoo° koochÏku° kooteebùai, -ei- kootòobu
gooseejùshi, -ei- goosoo° koochÏkùbutsu kooti˙äu° kootoobè˙ro˙
koosèeshoo, -èi- koosòou˙ Kooch˜ke˙ kooteki° kootoomukee°, -ei°
kooseezuri°, -ei- koosookè˙chÏku Kooch˜shi gooteki° koodòoryoku
koosèeseki, -èi- koozooshùäi KoochÏshò° kootèk˜shu kootoku°
gooseesè˙i, -ei- kooosobìru koocha° kootekinè˙ki˙ koodoku°
gooseesè˙zai, -ei- koozòobutsu kòochaa kootetsu° koodòkısha
kooseedàiji˙, -ei- koosoku° koochaku° kootetsÎsee°, -ei° kootòkÎshi˙
kooseetorihÏkiiì koozoku° koochajàwa˙ koote˙° revolu- koodokùryoo
˙kai, -ei- goozoku° koochìyama tion, changed koòtoko
koosèene˙, -èi- koosokujìka˙ koochuu° beetle for the better koodòsa
kooseenè˙ki˙, -ei- koosòkudo kòochuu° in kootè˙° good koodosèechoo, -èi-
koosèenoo, -èi- koosokùdoo one's mouth weather koòdori
kooseehàkusho, -ei- koosokudòoro koochùuyaku kòote˙° intersec- kootòrikumi
gooseeh˜kaku, -ei- koosokùryoku kòocho tion point, lu- kòodoresu
goosèebutsu, -èi- koozokùryoku koochoo° minous point, kòonaa
kooseebùsshÏtsu, koosòshi˙ koochòokai radiant kòonai
-ei- koosotsu° koochoose˙sèe, -èi koode˙° koonaie˙°
kooseeroodòo- kooso˙° koochoku° koode˙äàeshi koonaibòoryoku
shoo, -ei- kòoda goochoku° koode˙ka˙° koonaäo°
kooseki° kootai° koochi˙° kootè˙ki koonari˙äu°
koosèkìu˙ koodai°: kooä- goochi˙° kootè˙joo koona˙° future
koosèkìsee, -ei° yoodàiäaku kootsuu° koote˙see°, -ei° trouble
koosèk˜soo kootàiäòo kootsuuà˙ze˙° Koote˙teki° kòona˙ hard “
kòosetsu° kootàishi kootsuuìha˙ kòoto soft
koozetsu° kootaishìhi kootsùuka kòodo kooni° second-
goosetsu° Kootaijì˙äùu kootsuuk˜kà˙ kootoo° -year seconda-
koosetsuìchiba koodaka° kootsuuk˜see, -ei koodoo° ry-school stu-
koosetsÎshìjoo kootaku° kootsuujìko gootoo° dent, little
goosètto kootatsu° kootsuujìäoku goodoo° devil
koose˙° popular goodatsu° kootsuujùutai° kootooka° koonichi°
vote election, Koodaròha˙ kootsuujù˙sa kootooäàkkoo koonyuu°
mineral spring koota˙° kootsuusèeri, -èi- kootòoka˙ kooni˙°
koosè˙° roasted kooda˙° kootsuudòotoku koodòoka˙ kooni˙kaikèes-
barley flour gootà˙° kootsuudome° koodookÏchinichì° hi, -èi-
kooze˙° gooda˙° kootsùuna˙ Kootòoku koonetsu° high
174 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

fever, to light kooba˙°, -ha˙° koobu˙sho° koomì˙ka˙ kooyòobu˙°


“ heat steel sheet Kòobe koomì˙ke˙ gooyoku°
kòonetsu° gum gooha˙°, -ba˙° kòobè koomùi˙ koora° shell
inflammation koohà˙i koohee°, -ei° fair- kòomu shÏkkoo- kòora cola
koonetsıhi koohà˙ki ness bòoäai koorai°
koone˙° ad- kooha˙see°, -sei° kòohee, -ei sapper koomùte˙ kooraiberi°
vanced age koohà˙se˙° Koobèshi koomùru kooraiya°
kòone˙° light kòohi° folklore kòohe˙° koomee°, -ei° kooraku°
year, in years kòohi public kòobe˙° school name koorakùe˙
to come money goobe˙° kòomee°, -ei° kooràkıchi
koonè˙ki kòobi° copula- goobè˙ka famous, cele- kòorasu
koone˙kÏshòoäai tion goobe˙äàisha brated kooraboshi°
koonè˙sha kòobi rear guard, kòoho goomee°, -ei° koora˙°
koonè˙soo second reserve kòobo yeast goomeeäàisha, -ei- Kòora˙
Koonòike Ze˙è- gòohi kòobo° public koomeeseedai°, -ei- koori° ice
mo˙ koohìi participation koomeetoo°, -ei- kòori axiom,
koonoo° koohiigyùunyuu kòopo gòomo postulate,
goonoo° koohiijàwa˙ koohoo° back- koomoo° high interest
koonooäaki° koohiipòtto ward, high peak goomoo° kòori, kòri
kòonòtori koohiimèekaa kòohoo° bulle- koomoku° wicker trunk
koonòmono° koohÏtsu° tin, public law goomòkÎteki gòori
goonòmono° koohyoo° kooboo° koòmote kooriàzuki
kòoha goobyoo° goohoo° kòomori goorìka°
koobà koohi˙° koohookì˙mu koomoriäàsa koorìkashi
koohai° koobi˙° goohooteki° koomo˙° kooriäàshi
koobai° public koohì˙i koobòki˙° goomo˙° goorikì°
auction, pur- Koofu° kooboku° kòoya wilder- Gòorikii
chasing, red- kòofu miner koohòsha ness, wide plain koorizàtoo
dish pink blos- kòofu° proclama- koohone° ko˙ya°, kooyà koorishùäi
som plum tree tion, issue kòoho˙° dyer goorishùäi
koobài° slope kòobu gòoma gooya°, -yaa° koorijìruko
koobaikùmiai kòopu koomai° kooyaku° koorìsui
koobàisuu koofùu° goomatsu° kooyàkÎsuu koorizuke°
koohàichi koofuusèeäetsu, -èi- kòoma˙° kooyàsai kooritsu°
koobàiryoku koofÎki˙° gooma˙° Kooyàsa˙ kooritsugàkkoo
kòohaku koofÎku° koomà˙chÏki° kooyadòofu kooritsıku
koobaku° gòofÎku° kòomì kooyanoshirobà- kooriteki°
koohakujìai KòofÎkuji koomyaku° kama, -ra- gooriteki°
koobako° KoofÎshi koomyoo° light, kooyahìjiri kooridòofu
koobashìi° koofùzee, -ei° hope kooyu° kooribùkuro
koohatsu° kòobutsu kòomyoo° skill- kooyuu° koorimàkura
kòobana koobùkka ful, dexterous, gooyuu° koorìmizu
kòoäe koofubò˙chi shrewed kooyùukai kooriya°
gooharà° koofu˙° Koomyookòoäòo kooyùuchi kooryaku° to
kooha˙° koobu˙° koomyòoshi˙ kooyoo° capture
kooba˙° police koobu˙shÏkaäòo- koomìryoo kooyooäo° kòoryaku° to
box butsu koomi˙° kooyòoju omit the rest
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 175

Koorìyama blast furnace gon sized kòkyoo


Kòorya˙° kooròoi gòäaku° kòäara° willow koäìyoo
kooryuu° kooròokyoo gokàkkee, goka- tit gokyoo°
gooryuu° kooròosha kıkee koäàrashi goäyoo°
gooryùute˙ kooròomu koäàkure koäarejini° kòkyoku
kòoryo kòoroäi kokaäe° koäarèru koäiyoseru°
kooryoo° genero- kooroku° gokàäetsu koäàwase koäìru°
sity, outline, koorohyòoshÏki kokakòora koka˙° koäire°
final proof- koorobyòosha koäashì koäa˙° koäìree, -ei
reading kooro˙° intelli- -äòkashi: otame- goka˙° kòki˙° Koki˙wa-
kòoryòo spice, gent opinion äòkashi, shi˙se- goäa˙° kàshuu
perfume, kòoro˙° quarrel, tsuäòkashi goäa˙kòoji Kokì˙shuu
manuscript fee argument gokàjoo goka˙see°, -ei° kòku to tell
kòoryoku kooro˙otsubaku° koäàshira kokà˙setsu kòku cruel, harsh
gòoryoku° koowa° koäàsu: koäasà- kòki kokù° full-bodied
koori˙° descent, koowakàiäi nai, koäasòo, koäi kòäu: koäànai,
back wheel koowakàmai koäashimàsu, gòki koäòo, koäimà-
kòori˙ Japan koowajòoyaku koäàshÏte, ko- goäi° su, kòide, kòäe-
historical koowa˙° äàseba kokìiru ba, kòäe
figure's name goowa° koäàse kokioròsu° gòku
kooru° to freeze koo˙° kokata° koäiku° gokuaku°
kòoru to call goo˙° koäata° koäiku° gokuakùni˙
gòoru koo˙sÎtàachi goäàtaki gokiäe˙° gokuakÎhìdoo°
koorui° koo˙furèeku koäatàsha gokiäe˙yòo kòkùi
goorùi˙ koò˙na koäàtana kokìzami gòkòi
goorukìipaa kòka koäatanazàiku koäidàsu kòkuikkoku
gooruk˜kku Koäa° kokatsu° koäitanài° kokui˙°
koorusài˙ kòäa goäàtsu kokÏtsÎkàu° gokui˙°
koorutàaru koäai° to raise koäàtsuo koäitsÎkèru° kokuu° empty air
koorute˙° from early age, gokàkkee, -ei koäìtte kòkuu solar term
goorude˙àwaa to buy in small goäatsunì˙äyoo koäittechoo° kokuu˙°
goorude˙wìiku quantities goäatsubyoo° koäìtsune kòkùe, kòkùi
koorudo°: kooru- kòäai° outdoors kòäane° little Gokìnai kokuee°, -ei°
dokurìimu gokài five times money gokiburi° kokueki°
gòorudo gokai° misun- koäane° gold kokimazèru° kokue˙°
koorudogèemu derstanding Koäanèi kòkimi°, -bi° kokuòo
koorudochèe˙ koäàisha koäaneiro° kokyaku°, -ka- kokùäai
kooorudopàama gokaishò° koäanèmushi kokyuu° breath- kokuäàkaki
kooree°, -ei° gokaichoo° gokàne˙ ing kokuäaku°
gooree°, -ei° gokàidoo kokabu° new kòkyuu Forbid- kokuäakùi˙: Ko-
koorèeka°, -èi- kokài˙ share, new stock den City, old kuäakui˙dài-
koorèesha, -èi- koäao° kòkabu little imperial palace äaku
koorèechi, -èi- koäaki° turnip kokyùu° oriental kokuäàkısha
kòoretsu kokaku°, -kya- kòkabe fiddle kòkùäi
kooro° incense kòäaku gokaboo° kokyuuù˙doo Kokuäìka˙
burner gokakù° equality koäamo° kokyùuki kokuäura°
kòoro route, gokakù penta- koäara° small- kokyuukò˙na˙ kokuäu˙°
176 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kokuäeki° farewell ad- kokùdaka° kokubyaku° kokumee°, -ei°


gokùäetsu° dress, o‚cial kokudachì° kokÎhyoo° nation name
kokùäe˙° writing system kokÎtà˙ kokÎhi˙° kokùmee°, -ei°
kokuäo° kòkuji° close kòkÎchi° gokÎhi˙° diligence
kokuäoo° likeness koäuchi° small kòkÎfu kokùmotsu
kokuäoka° kòkuji state seal, sum of money kokubu° gokumo˙°
kokuäòäaku state a‡airs kòäuchi cut end kokÎfuu° gòkuya
gòkugoku° gokÎshi° koäuchiàtsÎkai kokufÎku° kokuyaku°
kokuäojìte˙ kokujikòoi koäuchiäiri° gokubuto° gokuyasu°
kokuäoshi˙äìkai kokujìha˙ kokÎchiba˙° kokubu˙° kòkuyu°
kokÎsai° kokujiba˙° gokÎchuu° kokubu˙ka° kokuyuu°
kokÎsàika° gòkÎsha° kokÎchoo° kokubù˙äaku kokuyuuzàisa˙
kokÎsaikàiäi kòkÎshu gokÎtsùbushi Kokubu˙jì° kokuyùuchi
kokÎsàika˙ kòkÎsho kokÎtee°, -ei° kokubù˙poo kokuyùuri˙
kokÎsaikùukoo gòkÎsho kokÎteekyookà- kokubetsu° kokuyòoseki
kokÎsaigèkijoo kokujoo° sho, -ei- kokubetsùshÏki Kokura°
kokÎsaikèkko˙ gokÎshoo° kokÎteekòoe˙, -ei- kòkÎho kokuraori°
gokÎsàishÏki, gokujoo° kokÎtetsu°: ni- kòkubo kokùràäari
-kuzài- kokÎshoku° hòn kokuyuu- kokÎhoo° koäurakàru°
kokÎsaishùushi kokujoku° tètsudoo kokuboo° gokurakù°
kokÎsaijòoyaku kokÎshokujì˙shu kokÎtè˙° kokubòoshoku gokurakuòojoo
kokÎsaishoku kokuji˙° kokude˙° gokuboso° gokurakujòodo
kokÎsàiji˙ kokuji˙rèeka, -èi- kòkudo koäuma° gokurakÎchoo°
kokusaisee°, -ei° kokÎsui° kokudoo° kokumi˙° kokura˙°
kokÎsaise˙° kokÎsuishùäi gokùdoo kokumi˙eeyò- gòkuri
kokÎsaitsuu- koäùsuri, kona- kokudokootsùu- shoo, -ei- kokuritsu°
kak˜kì˙ äùsuri shoo kokumi˙gàkkoo Kokuritsue˙äee-
kokÎsaiteki° kokÎsùru kokudòchoo kokumi˙kyuu- joo°, -ei-
kokÎsaidè˙wa kòkuze° kokudochirìi˙ kamura° kokuirtsÎkyooäi-
kokÎsaitòshi kokÎsee°, -ei° kokùnai kokumi˙ki˙yuu joo°
kokÎsàihoo° kokuzee°, -ei° gokùnai kòoko kokuritsugèkijoo
kokÎsaiomò˙dai kokuzèechoo, -èi- kokunàiäai kokumi˙ke˙koo- kokuritsÎkòoe˙
KokÎsairè˙äoo kokÎseechòosa, -ei- kokunaisa˙° hòke˙ kokuritsÎkòose˙
kokÎsaku° kokÎseki° kokunaise˙° kokumi˙shÎkù- kokuritsudàiäa-
kokÎsa˙° kokÎse˙° kokunaisoosèe- sha ku
kokÎsà˙sha kokÎse˙be˙äòni˙° sa˙, -èi- kokumi˙shòtoku kokuritsÎtoshò-
kokÎsà˙hi˙° kokÎsè˙ya: ko- kokunàihoo° kokumi˙see°, -ei° ka˙
kòkÎshi nation- kÎseyakàsse˙ kokùna˙° kokumi˙sèeshi˙, kokuritsÎhaku-
al history, kòkÎso gokunùsubito -èi- bùtsıka˙
Most Rever- kokÎsoo° kokunetsu° kokumi˙soosèe- kokuritsubyòoi˙
end Priest kokuzòo° kokÎhaku° sa˙, -èi- kokuryùukoo
kòkÎshi° rough gokÎsoo° kokÎhatsu° kokumi˙tòohyoo kokùryoku°
treatment kokÎsooch˜tài kokuba˙° kokumi˙nè˙ki˙ kokùrui
-kòkÎshi: daitoo- kokuzòomushi kokubà˙fÎki kòkùmu kokure˙°
kòkÎshi, mu- kokuzoku° kòkÎhi° kokumùshoo kokurè˙äu˙,
sookòkÎshi gokÎsotsu° kòkubi° kokumudàiji˙ -˙gu˙
kokuji° notice, kokÎtai° gòkÎhi° kokumuchòoka˙ kokure˙dàiäaku
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 177

gokùroo kokòira koäori° kokoromachì° gozarimàsu


gokùroosama koäoe° koäoru° kokoromì° kozaru°
kokuro˙° koäoejini° kokòro kokoromìru gozàru
kòäu˙fu˙too koäoeshìnu kokoroatatamàru kokoromochì° kosa˙°
kokè: kokenois- koäoetsıkù kokoroàtari kokoromotonài kòza˙
shì˙ koäoèru° kokoroiki° kokoroyasu° gosa˙° miscalcu-
koäè: okòäe kokoo° doorway kokoroire° kokoroyasudate° lation, lun-
goke° widow: go- kòkoo° ‘the jaws kokoroìwai kokoroyarì° cheon
kesa˙° of death' \ a kokoròè kokoroyùkùmade gòsa˙, -za˙ the
gòke go-stone great danger, kokoroeäao° kokoroyòi five most im-
container bare livelihood kokoroechìäai kòko˙ portant tem-
kokee°, -ei° koäoo° kokoroèru goko˙° ples of a region
gokee°, -ei° gòkoo kokorookìnàku gòäo˙° gosà˙kai
gokeejòoyaku, -ei- goäò° kokoroòboe goäo˙zèkku gosà˙ke
kokèeshooku, -èi- kokoochòosa kokoroäàkari koko˙chomò˙juu gozà˙su
kokeenè˙ryoo, -ei- kokokàshÏko kokoroäakè° koko˙teeshi˙shòo kosà˙hee, -ei
kokèebutsu, -èi- kòkoku kokoroäakèru kòko˙mizou koshi° the lower
kokeòdoshi° gòkoku nation kokoroäàmae kòsa back
koäekÎsài defense kokoroäarà° gòsa kòshi to wither
kokeshi°: koke- gòkoku° after- kokoroäàwari gòza to kick “ die
shinì˙gyoo wards kokorokùbari gozà matting kòji
koäecha° Gokokujì kokoroäumì° kosàaju gòshi
koäechairo° koäoshi° kokorogurushìi kòsai° -äoshi°: kabeäoshi°,
kòketsu° kokòji˙ kokorozashi° gosai° kakineäoshi°
koäetsÎki° kokochi° kokorozàsu gòsai -äoshi°, -äoshi:
koketìsshu kokochiyòi kokoroshìzuka gozài: gozaimàsu sa˙ne˙äoshi°,
gokeni˙° koäoto° scolding kokòròshÏte kozàiku sa˙nè˙äoshi
koäemè° kòäòto from kokorojòobu kosài˙ gòji° wrong
kokera° door to door kokorozùkai kosaeru° characters, mis-
kokeraòtoshi koäotokòobee kokorozùku kozakashìi spelled words
kokerabuki° kòkonàttsu kokorozùkÎshi kozàkana gòji to defend “
kokèru kokoni° kokorozuke° kosaku° maintain
koäèru: koäènai, kokonòe kokorozùmori kosakÎsòoäi koshiàäe°
koäeyòo, koäe- kokonokà° kokorozuyòi kosakuni˙° kojiakèru°
màsu, kòäete, kokònotsu kokòrosuru kosakùnoo koshìate°
koäèreba, koäèro kokonòtsÎki kokorozoe° kozàkura koshia˙°
koke˙° kokonotokoro°, kokorodatè° kosakùryoo koshiita°
kòäe˙° koko˙toko° kokorodànomi kosaji° koshiirè°
goke˙° kokonòmo˙ kokoronài kozàshÏki kojìi˙
goäè˙ kòkobetsubetsu kokoronàrazumo gozàsho koshio°
koko° here kokòmai° kokoronikùi kosatsu° koshiòbi°
kòko individuals, kokomàde kokoròne° kosàkku, -zàkku koshiorè°
baby at birth koäomu° kokoronòkori kozappàri koshÏkàkè
kòäo koäome° kokorobae° gosàdoo koshÏkakeshìäoto
gòäo koäomeru° kokorobàkari kozatohe˙° koshÏkakèru
kòkòa kokòyàshi kokorobosòi kosame° kòshÏkata
kokoichìba˙ kokòra kokoromàkase kòzara° Koshìäaya
178 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

gojìka˙ Kojima° marshes kojirèru kòzukai


kòshÏki° koshimaki° kojoo° in form kojiro° kozukaikàseäi
kojikì koshimàwari of arch kojiwa° kozukàishÏtsu
gòshÏki° koshimìno° kòjoo isolated kòji˙ kozukàise˙°
kojikìde˙ koshimoro° castle goshi˙° kozukaichoo°
kojikibòozu gòsha° kòjoo° old castle goji˙° reserve kozukàitori
goshÏkìmame kòshaku° goshoo° misno- troops, rear kosÎkarài, -kk-
koshiäì˙chaku goshaku° mer guard kozukimawàsu°
koshÏkùdake° kojari° gòshoo stop it, for gòji˙ we kozùku
gòshigoshi kòshu heavens sake gòjì˙ personage kozùkurì
kòshiji° koshiyu° gojoo° mutual koji˙èeäyoo, -èi- kosuzu°
kojìshi goshu° concessions, gojì˙ka kòzuchi
koshÏshòoji goshui˙se˙° five vertues or koji˙äàisha kòsÎchùumu
gojìsee, -ei koshÏtsu°, ko- passions koji˙kyòoju kozùtsumi
koshidaka° shuu° gòjòo command koji˙kèeee, -èiei kozutsumiyùubi˙
koshidakashòoji kojuu° from noble man kojì˙sa kòsÎto
kòshÏta˙ta˙ gojùu gòshooisshoo koji˙shùäi kosÎtodàu˙
goshÏchichoo° goshùui: go- koshòoäatsu goshì˙jutsu kosupure°
goshÏchìnichi shuuìshuu koshòoji kojì˙jòohoo kozuma°
koshÏtsu° gojùue˙ gòshoodaiji koji˙shòtoku kòzumi
kòjitsu gojùuo˙ koshòoni˙ koji˙se˙° kòsume
gòjitsu° gojuuo˙ju˙° goshòoraku goshì˙zo, -oo kozume°
koshitsÎki° gojùukata kojòoruri goshì˙tai° gozume°
gòsh˜kku, gò- goshùuäi gojòkai koji˙tàkÎshii gozumezu°
ch˜kku gojuusà˙tsuäi goshòäaki koji˙teki° kòsumosu°
kojitsÎke° goshuushoosama° koshoku° family goshi˙too°, -ji˙- kosumopòrita˙
kojitsÎkèru° gojuuzura° members eating goshì˙pu kozuyanikùi
gojùssai, gojì- gojùusoo separate foods koji˙purèe kosuritsÎkèru°
gojusshùune˙, gojùudai kòshoku antique koji˙màri kosùru
goji- kojùuto° look kojì˙mee, -ei gosùru
gojìssen, gojù- kojùutome° goshoku° goshi˙yoo° kozure°
gojitsùda˙ gojuunichì° goshoäùruma kosu°: kosanai°, kosurèru
gòsh˜ppu gojùuni˙ goshotoki°: go- kosòo, koshi- gosù˙
gojùppu˙, gojì- goshùune˙ shotokimòyoo màsu, koshÏte°, gosù˙kuäi
gojuppohyàppo, gojùune˙ goshonì˙äyoo kosèba, kosè gòse
goji- gojuunòtòo koshiyowa° gòsu gòze
koshinaäe° gojùubyoo Gòjira gòzu kòsee, -ei
koshinawa° gojùuma˙ kòjiraireki, kòji kosui° to brace, kosee°, -ei°
koshinukè° goshÎkyòoäi raireki° to energize gosee°, -ei°
koshinomono° kojùkee, -ei koshirae° kosùi knavish, kosèebutsu, -èi-
koshibame° goju˙° koshiraemono° tricky goseemo˙°, -ei-
koshibari° kòsho koshiraeru° gosui° kosèäare
koshih˜kari gòsho kojiràsu kosùu koseki° family
koshÏhimo° gòjo kojirasèru gosùu registration
koshibe˙° koshoo° pepper kojirì° kosuuwari° kòseki° historic
koshibone°, koshòo° out of kojìru Kozue° place
-shÏppo- order, lakes “ gojiru° kozuka° kosekÏshòoho˙
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 179

kosekÏshìrabe kosòdate gotatsÎku° kotsu° respira- -äòkko: oniäòkko


kosekÏtòoho˙ kozokkò kotatsubùto˙ tion, ventilation kokkoo°
kosekìbo kozòtte kodànuki kotsù bone gotsuäooshùäi
kòsekose kòsode° kodane° kotsuaäè° kokkòoshoo
kosetsÎku° kosodoro° kòtabi gotsùi kokkòoritsu
gosèkku kosobayùi gòtabi kòkka nowadays, kokkoku°
gosèkke kozòru gotabu˙° nation, state kòtsÎkotsu
kozeni° gozò˙ji kodama° kòkka° national gòtsugotsu°
kozenìire gosò˙mee°, -ei° kodamàäoo anthem, na- kotsùzai°
kozèriai kotai° gotamaze° tional flower kòsshi
kozewashìi kodai° exag- kodawarì° kokkai° kotsùzui°
kose˙° gerated kodawàru° Kòkkai kotsuzuiìshoku
gosè˙ kòdai ancient kota˙° kokkaigìi˙ kotsuzuibà˙ku
gòze˙° front, times goda˙° Kokkaigijìdoo° kotsùzumi
presence gòtai° Gota˙da° kokkaitoorò˙kai kossetsu°
gòze˙ morning kodàiko kodà˙na kokkaitoshòka˙ kotsuze˙°
-gòze˙: shizuka- kodaikòokoku gota˙byàkÎshoo kokkaku° kossòo°
gòzen, hotoke- Godàiäote˙noo kòchi° flathead kokkakè˙ryoku kossòoäaku
gòze˙ kodaisàràsa kòchi old ways kòkka kooa˙iì˙- kòtsÎsoshòoshoo
gose˙e˙° kodaishàkai kòchì do˙gfe˙g kai kossòri
gose˙è˙satsu godàishuu gòchi gòch˜kku kokkakoomùi˙ gossòri
goze˙kàiäi kodàiji˙ kochÏkochi° stub- kokkash˜kè˙ gotta°
goze˙sàmà gotàisoo° born, to grow kokkashùäi gottaäàesu, -kàe-
gosè˙shi kotainè˙ryoo tense kotsuäara° gottani°
goze˙jìai kodaimuràsaki kòchÏkochi tick- kokka˙° kocchì
kose˙joo° kodaimòosoo tock gokka˙° goccha°
goze˙jìruko kodaimoosoo- gochÏsoo° kokki° national kocchòo°
goze˙sòba kyoo° gochÏsoosama° flag kotsıtsubo°
goze˙chuu° Kodàira gochisoozeme° kòkki self-control kottèri
gose˙ni˙° gotàiriku kochÏtòra° kokk˜shi˙ kottoo°
gosè˙fu kotàè kòcha kokkyoo° kottoohi˙°
kosè˙ryuu kotàèru kochaku° kokkyoose˙° kottoomono°
gose˙wakàshuu kodakài gochagocha° mes- kokkyooch˜tài kottooya°
-kòso, -koso: tori- kodakarà° sy, disorder -kòkkiri: ippe˙- kòtto˙
kòso, hanàko- gotaku° gòchagocha kòkkiri kotsuniku°
so, àmekoso kodàkÎsa˙ mixed up kokki˙° kòppà
kòzo gotakÎse˙° gochamaze° kòkku kotsùbako°
kozòo: kozoosà˙ gotagota° trou- kochuu° kòkkuri he nod- kòppamiji˙,
gosoo° ble, messy kochoo° exagge- ded yes kòppa miji˙°
gòzoo° gòtagota in dis- ration kokkùri being koppayàkuni˙
gosòosha order kòchoo butterfly rich (of taste) kotsuba˙°
gozooròppu kodashi° gochoo° tone (of gokkùri koppidòi
kosoku° kòdachi° small voice) kokku˙° kotsubu°
gosokuroo° sword gòchoo corporal kokkee°, -ei° koppu°
kosoäèru° kòdachi° grove, gochoomè° kokkeebo˙°, -ei- koppùzake
kòsokoso clump of trees kochòora˙ kokke˙° kòppe
gòsogoso kotatsu° kochira° kòkko koppèpa˙°
180 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kòhheru gi˙mèdaru ki˙ròosha kuizubà˙äumi gùui°


kòtsubo ki˙mèkki ki˙rooshòtoku kuizome° Kuwèeto°
Gòhho gi˙mèkki ki˙roohòoshi kuitaòsu° Kùukai
koppòo° ki˙mòoru kù kuidaore° kuuka˙°
kotsùmaku° gi˙mòoru -ku: Chiyodàku, kuidame° guuka˙°
kotsumakùe˙° ki˙mòkÎsee, -ei Se˙kyòku kuitarinai° kuukà˙chi
kotsuyu° ki˙moji° gù kuichiäai° kùuki
kote° ki˙motsu° guai° kuichiäàu° kuukìire
gote° ki˙mo˙° Guatemara°, kuichiràsu° kuukijuu°
kotee°, -ei° to fix, ki˙yuu° Gwa- kuitsÎki° kuukÏchòosetsu
to settle, lake kinyùukai Kuahàusu kuìkku kuukidè˙se˙
bottom ki˙yuuk˜kà˙ Gùàmu kuitsıku kuukìnuki°
kotee°, -ei° cor- ki˙yùuäyoo kùi stake kuitsÎkùsu° kuukimàkura
puscle ki˙yuukyòokoo kùì to regret, to kuitsunàäu° kùukyo
kotèekyuu, -èi- ki˙yuukòoko repent kuitsubushi° gùukyo
koteesh˜sa˙, -ei- gi˙yuushìji˙ gùi° kuitsubùsu° gùuguu
koteeshÏsà˙zee, -ei- ki˙yuush˜ho˙ kuiai° kuitsume° kuukuubakuba-
koteesh˜ho˙, -ei- ki˙yùuchoo kuiàu kuitsumemono° ku°, kuukuu°
gi˙pu˙° ki˙yoo° kuiakìru° kuitsumèru° bakubaku°
ki˙bu˙sòozoku ki˙yòobi kuiaäe° kuitè kuuäu˙°
ki˙be˙° ki˙yoku° kuiamashi° kuidè kuukee°, -ei°
ki˙pe˙° gold pen gi˙yoku° kuiamari° kuidòoraku kuuäeki°
kì˙pe˙ neigh- ki˙yokÎshùäi kuiaràsu° kuitomèru° kuuke˙°
borhood ki˙yokusèekat- kuiaratamèru, kuina° kuuäè˙°
ki˙be˙ka° su, -èi- kùi aratamèru kuiniäe kuukoo°
ki˙boo° kì˙rai kuiawase° kuinobashi° kuukoose˙°
ki˙pòoäe kì˙ra˙ kuiiji° kuinobàsu° gùuji
ki˙bòta˙ ki˙ra˙dòresu kuiìru guinomi° kuushÏtsu°
kì˙boshi kì˙ri° interest kuìi˙, kuì˙ kuppaäure°, kui- kuusha°
ki˙hò˙i rates kuiuchì° haäu- kuushuu°
gi˙hò˙i kì˙ri Imperial kuioki° kuìbuchi° kuushuukèehoo,
gi˙maku° Palace kuikake° kùìbu˙ -èi-
ki˙ma˙ka° Ki˙ryùuza˙ kùiki kuihòodai kuusho°
gì˙mì ki˙ryoo° prohi- kuikìnai kuimònò kuushoo°
ki˙mìzuhÏki bition kuikìru kuimonòya° guusùu
ki˙mitsu° ki˙ryòo weight gùgui kuiyabùru° guusùru
ki˙myaku° ki˙ryòoku kuikè kuìryòo kuuseki°
ki˙mìrai kì˙ryoku kuikomi° kuìru kuuze˙°
kì˙mu ki˙ri˙° kuikòmu kuì˙tetto guuze˙°
ki˙muku° gì˙ri˙ kuiäòro° kuu° emptiness kuuze˙zètsuäo
ki˙musaki° kì˙rui kuikoròsu° kùu air, space kùuso
ki˙mujìka˙ ki˙ree°, -ei° kuisaäàru° kùu: kuwànai, kuusoo°
ki˙munè˙äe˙ ki˙roo° kuishibàru° kuòo, kuimà- guuzoo°
ki˙muhyòotee, -ei ki˙rookàikyuu kuishì˙boo, -bo su, kıtte, kÎt- kuusooka°
ki˙mè ki˙rookà˙shano- kùizu tè, kùeba, kùe guuzoosùuhai°
ki˙mèdai hi, ki˙rookà˙- kuisuäi° gùu kuusoohàkai°
ki˙mèdaru shano hì kuisuäìru° kùui guuzoohàkai°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 181

guutara° kuòotaa, kw- kuäùru kÎsatòrì kushÏkatsu°


kuuchi° kuòotsu, kw- kÎke° kÎsanaäinotsu- kujìka˙
kuuchuu° kuòritii kuäe° ruäì kujìku
kuuchuushàshi˙ kùo˙° kÎkee°, -ei° kÎsanonè kùshÏkumo
kuuchuubù˙kai kùäa gukee°, -ei° kÎsanoneù˙doo kÎshikezùru°
kuuchuuròokaku kÎkai° kuäekàzoku kÎsanomi° kujikèru
kuuchoo° kùäai kÎkedai° kÎsàba° kÎshizashì°
kuudètaa kÎkaigìi˙ kÎkenui° kÎsàbana kushidòoäu
kuute˙° kÎkaku° kÎkèbàri kÎsabi° gushinui°
kuudoo° kùäaku kÎkeru° kÎsahìbari kujinòäare
kùunya˙ kuäakısee, -ei kuäe˙° kÎsabùe° kÎshìbako
kuuhaku° kÎkakÎsèeri, -èi- kÎkò kÎsabukài kujibikì°
kuubaku° kyuukàäetsu, kùäo kÎsabuki° kÎshimaki°
guuhatsu° kÎkà- gukoo° kÎsabukiyàne kÎshimè°
guuhatsÎteki° kùäatsu kÎsà kÎsabòoki kÎshimotobushi°
kuuhi° kyuukàne˙, kÎ- -äusa°: katariäu- kÎsamàkura gùsha
kuufÎku° kà- sa°, waraiäusa° kÎsamì kÎshiyaki°
kuubu˙° kÎkà˙ kÎsài: kÎsàkat- kusamùshiri kujaku°
kùupe kuäa˙° ta, kÎsàku, kÎ- kÎsamura° kÎshakÎsha°
kùubo kÎkì sàkÎte, kÎsàke- kÎsàmochi rumpled
kuuhoo° kuäi° nail reba, kÎsàshÏ kÎsàmono kıshakÎsha to
kùupo˙ kùäi° ward gusai° kÎsamòmiji be irritated or
kuuya°: kuuya- assembly man guzai° kÎsaya° annoyed
nè˙butsu kuäìkai kÎsaìkire kÎsayàkyuu gùshagusha°
kùuya kùwazu, kuäikàkÎshi kÎsairo° kÎsayàne° kÎshaakunìke˙
kuuyakùwazu kuäizakì° kÎsakaäe° kÎsayabu° kÎshàmi
kuuyu° kuäizuke° kÎsakàäèroo kÎsaràsu kùju
kùuraa kuäinukì° kÎsakàrì kÎsari° kÎshuu°
kuuraabòkkÎsu kuäibako° kÎsakarìäàma gusàrì kujuu° distress
kùuriù gùkyo kÎsakà˙muri kÎsariami° kujùu, kyùujuu
kuurii, kùrii kÎkyoo° kÎsàki kÎsarikàtabira ninety
kùuriku kùäyoo kÎsakizome° kÎsarìäama kujuukù
kuuri˙guòfu kuäirì° kÎsaku° kÎsàru: kÎsarà- Kujuukurìhama
kùuru kuäìru gusaku° nai, kÎsarimà- °
kuurubìzu kuäi˙° kısakÎsa su, kÎsàtte, kÎ- kùjo
kuurubi˙° kıku kusàäusa sàreba, kÎsàre kÎshoo°
kuuree°, -ei° kùäutsu° kÎsakèeba, -èi- kÎsarè kujoo°
kuureeshÏki°, -ei- kuäumòru kÎsàsu° kÎsarèe˙° Kùjoo
kùuro kÎkuri° kÎsazùmoo kÎsawakè° gushoo°
kuuro˙° kuäurì kÎsazurì° kÎsawara° kujooshòri
guuwa° kÎkuriaäèru kÎsazòoshi kùshi, kÎshì gushooteki°
kuèekaa kÎkurizàru kÎsàtake° kÎshì kujòzai°
kùeki° kÎkuritsÎkèru kÎsadà˙äo kùji gushonure°, -cho-
kuesÎcho˙màaku kuäurìdo kÎsàchi° kÎshiaäe° kujira°
kuènai kuäurinukèru° KÎsàtsu kujiu˙° kujirazashi°
kuèru kÎkurimàkura kusappara° kÎshìäaki kujirajaku°
kue˙sa˙° kÎkuru° kÎsatsubushi° kÎshiäata° kujiràniku
182 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kujiràmaku kùzunoha kÎsoòch˜tsÎki kudamonòya° kÎchiäuse°


kujirì kuzuhìroi gùsoku° Kùdara kÎchìäuchi°
kujìru kÎsubùru gusokuni° kudaranai° kÎchiäùruma°
KÎshìro kÎsubèru kÎsòkurae kudaranu° kÎchiäè˙ka
kıshi˙ kÎsubòru kÎsojìkara kudari° kÎchiäòosha,
gushi˙° kuzumai° kÎsottarè, -ota- kudariàyu -chÏkòo-
guji˙° kuzùmayu° kÎsodòkyoo kudarizaka° kÎchiäòtae°
kusù kuzumà˙juu kÎsobabàa kudarise˙° kÎchikòtoba
kùzu kÎsùmu kÎsomàjime kudaribara° kÎchikomi°
gùsu kùzume kÎsomiso° she kudarirèssha kÎchiäomòru
gùzu kuzùmochi called me ev- kudaru°: kudara- kÎchisaäànai
kuzùa˙° kuzùmono ery name in nai°, kudaròo, kÎchisaki°
kuzuito° kuzùya the book kudarimàsu, kÎchisabishìi,
kuzùirè kuzùyu kÎsòmiso sweep- kudatte°, kuda- -mishìi
kuzuorèru kuzuyòoka˙ ing denuncia- rèba, kudarè kÎchizàwari°
kuzùkaäo kÎsuri°: okÎsùri tion kuda˙° kÎchishìnoäi
kuzùkiri kÎsurìuri kùda Kuda˙shÏta° kÎchija°
kùsÎkÎsu kÎsurikÎsòobai kudai° Kùda˙noäòtoshÏ kÎchijàmise˙
gùsugusu kÎsurizuke° gutaika° kÎchi° kÎchijòozu
guzuguzu° un- kÎsurìdai° gutàisaku guchi° kÎchizùkara°
settled kÎsurìbako gutaiteki° -äuchi, -äuchi°: kÎchisuäi°
gùzuguzu to kÎsurìbi˙ kudàku: kuda- jooshàäuchi kÎchizuke°
grumble, to kÎsuriya° kànai, kuda- kÎchiai° kÎchizukèru
mutter, to kÎsurìyu kòo, kudaki- kÎchiakè° kÎchizusami°
complain kÎsurìyubi màsu, kudàite, kÎchiàtari° kÎchizusàmu
kÎsuäuttài° guzùru kudàkeba, ku- kÎchii° kÎchizùtae°
kÎsuäuri° kuzurè dàke kÎchiirè° kÎchizuppàku
kÎsuäuru° kuzureochìru° kÎtakÎta° kÎchiireya° kÎchizute°
kuzukò° kuzurekakaru° kùdakuda kÎchiùtsÎshi° kÎchizoe°
kuzuzàkura kuzurèru: kuzu- kudakudashìi kÎchiura° kÎchidashi°
kuzushì rènai, kuzure- kudakèru kÎchiurusài° kÎchidàssha
kuzushiäaki° yòo, kuzuremà- kudasài kÎchie° kÎchitsÎki°
kuzushìji su, kuzùrete, kudasàru kÎchioshìi guchÏppòi
kuzùsu: kuzusà- kuzurèreba, kudasaremono° kÎchiäaki° kÎchidomè°
nai, kuzusòo, kuzurèro kudashi° kÎchikazu° kÎchitorì°
kuzushimàsu, kÎsu˙gòbu kudashiäùsuri kÎchiäatài° kÎchinàoshi°:
kuzùshÏte, ku- kÎsè kudasu° kÎchiäane° okÎchinàoshi
zùseba, kuzùse kusee°, -ei° KÎtàni kÎchiäaru° kÎchinashi°
kÎsudama° kÎseäe°, kÎsèkke KÎtaniyaki° kÎchiäarùi° kÎchinàmezuri
guzutsıku kÎsètsu° kÎtabarizokonai° kÎchiäàwari kÎchinàrashi
kuzutetsu° kızetsu° kÎtabàru: kÎta- kÎchiki° kÎchinawa°
kuzùneri° kÎsenàoshi bàtteshimae kÎchikÏki° kÎchinohà°
kÎsunèru° kÎsèmai° kÎtabìrè kÎchiäitanài kÎchiba°
kÎsùnoki kÎsemono° kÎtabiremòoke kÎchikirì° kÎchibairo°
Kusùnoki Masà- kÎsè˙° kÎtabirèru kÎchiäìrei kÎchibashi°
shiäe, KÎsùno- kÎsò kudàmono kÎchiku° kÎchibashìru
kimasashiäe gusoo° kudamononàifu kÎchikıka˙° kÎchihàcchoo
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 183

kÎchihatèru° kotè˙äeki kotokòmàka kodomobeya° goni˙äumi°


kÎchihabattài° kote˙kote˙° kotosara° kodomomuki° konì˙zuu, -zu
kÎchibaya° kote˙shùäi kotoshi° kodomorashìi goni˙bàyashi
kÎchibi° gote˙jòchuu kotòji° kotori° goni˙bari°
kÎchìhiäe° kote˙teki° kotozukàru kotoriya° konuka°
kÎchibyòoshi° kote˙pa˙° kotozukè° kotowazà° konukaàme
kÎchibiru° kote˙bùyoo kotozukèru kotowarì° kòne: konèkÎsho˙
kÎchifùuji° kote˙bù˙äaku kotozutè° kotowariäaki° konekàesu°
kuchibùe° Kode˙màchoo kotòzume° kotowarìjoo° konekùru
kÎchifısaäi° kote˙ràkuäo kotodama° kotowàru: koto- konèko
kÎchibuchòohoo kòto, okòto kotòtariru° warànai, koto- konèzumi
kÎchiburi° Japanese musi- kotonakareshùäi waròo, kotowa- konèdori°
kÎchibeta° cal instrument kotonàru rimàsu, koto- konemawàsu°
kÎchibeni° kotò matter, kòtoni wàtte, kotowà- konèru
kÎchibèrashi° incident kòtònisuru reba, kotowàre gonèru
kÎchihe˙° -äòto, -äoto ev- kotoniyoruto° kotò˙ gone˙° five years
kÎchihè˙too ery time: kiru- kotonotsuide° gotò˙ gonè˙ feeling,
kÎchimae° äòtoni, yòmu- kotonòha° konà: okòna wish
kÎchimàkase° äotoni, kazeäò- kotonòhoka° konaidà° gonè˙shi
kÎchimane° toni, hanàäòto- kotobà konaòshiroi gonè˙see, -ei
kÎchimame° ni, àmeäòtoni kotobaàsobi konaka° kono° this
kÎchimoto° -äoto° all of: sai- kotobaäaki° konaäùsuri kòno nine
kÎchimohàcchoo fuäoto° kotobakàzu° konaäona° konoaidà
tèmohacchoo, gòdo kotohàjime konashi° konoue°
kÎchimohàcchoo kotoaäè° kotobajiri° konasu° kònoe
tèmo hàcchoo kotoatarashìi kotobazùkai konàzumi konoeryuu°
kÎchiyakamas- kotoito° kotobazoe° konasèkke˙ konòkatà
hìi° kotòuta kotobatàkumini° kònata konokà˙
gotèeshu, -èi- kòtoo° kotobàtsÎki° konàcha, kòcha konokurai°
kòteeji, -tt- kòdoo old road kotòbuki konafùrui konòko
koteki° kodoo° beating kotohòäu konàmàiki konoäò°
kotekÏtai° gotoo° kodomo° konami° konoäoro°
kotekote° thickly godoo° kodomoàtsÎkai konamìji˙° konosài
kòtekote heavi- kodookyoo° kodomogì˙koo konamìruku konosaki°
ly, plaster kodòoäu kodomoäòkoro konàya konoshÏtàkàäe
kotesaki° gotòochi kodomoshìbai konàyuki konoshÏtayami°
koteshìrabe gotòobi kodomojimìru konare° konojinari°
gotetsÎku° gotoorèttoo kodomoshuu°, -shu° konareru° konòshirò
gotedoku° kotòkàku kodomozuki° gonà˙ konòsetsu
kotenaäe° kotoäàra° kodomozure° gona˙tsùzuki konòtabi
kodèmari kotokirèru kodomòtachi Kona˙dòiru konotsùäì
gotèru kodoku° kodomodàmashi konikurashìi° konotòori
kote˙° gòtoku kodomoppòi Kònishi konotòkì
gòte˙ godoku° kodomotèate gònichi° konotokoro°
gode˙° kotòäoto kodomonokuni° konìmotsu kònoha
gotè˙i kotoäòtoku kodomonohì konyàkku konohàzuku
kote˙gèenoo, -èi- kotòäòtoni kodomòfÎku gonì˙° konohàchoo
184 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

konòhÏtò kohamachìrime˙ gohyakuràka˙ kobune° koborebànashi


konobù˙ kobàmu gobyuu° kobùmaki koborèru
konohe˙° kobaya° kohyoo° kobùyu koho˙°
konòhòo Kobayashiìssa, gòbyoo kòbura goho˙° five
konòhoka Kobayashi° Ìssa kobiritsıku kòpura gohò˙ co‡-co‡
konòhodo Kobara° kohiru° kobura˙ori° gohò˙zo˙
kònoma koharu° kobìru vial koburi° gohò˙tai
konomàe Koharujìhee, kobi˙°, ekòbi˙° kofu˙° kobò˙nòo
komaäàkure Koharu° Jìhee kòbu encourage- kòbu˙ koma° guitar
komashìi kobàruto° ment gofu˙° white- bridge, top
konomamà koharubìyori kobù lump, wash kòma° piece,
kònomi: okono- koha˙° hump gòfu˙ five movie scene
mi° kòba˙ kòbu, kò˙bu minutes goma° sesame
konomishìdai gòhà˙ kelp gobu˙° gòma holy fire
konòmu: kono- kobà˙zame gofu°, gofùu kofu˙jidai gomaàe°
mànai, kono- koha˙jìka˙ gòbu kòhee, -ei komàasharu
mòo, konomi- goba˙jima° kòfuu gohee°, -ei° faulty komaasharusò˙äu
màsu, konò˙- gohà˙taki kobukài expression gomaàbura
de, konòmeba, goha˙tsùbu kobuäari° gohèe, -èi sacred komaami°
konòme kohà˙tokì gofÎku° sta‡ kòmai bamboo,
kònome goha˙doki° kobùkısha goheekàtsuäi, -ei- lath
konomèzuki koba˙nari° gofÎkıshoo kobetsu° kòmai° old rice
konomedoki° kohà˙nichì gofÎkùte˙° kobetsÎhòomo˙ gomai°
konomoshìi gohà˙mushi gofÎkùmono° kobetsuwari° komainu°
konòyà goha˙mono° gofÎkuya° kobeya° komaochi°
konoyò° goba˙wari° gobugobu° KoberunìkÎsu komàkà
konòwata kòbì gobusata° Kope˙hàage˙ komakài
konò˙de Gòbi kobushi° warble gohoo° gomakashì°
gòba gòbi° kòbushi° magno- goboo° burdock gomakàsu
kobai° kòpii lia kobus, fist gòboo temple Komaäàtake
gohai° kopiiràitaa kobushidai° gohòoji komaäire°
gobai° kobikì° kobujime° gohòosha komaku°
kobàkanisuru° kobikìuta gofujoo° kobòosho komaäumi°
kohaku° koh˜kìdashi gofuji˙° kobòozu komaäetà°
gobaku° kohiza° kobùshi˙ gohooze˙° komaäòma
gohasa˙° kohÏtsu° kobuta° goboonuki° Komaäome°
kobàshiri kohÏtsuäire° kobùdashi° goboomaki° Komazawa°
kohaze° koh˜tsùji kobùcha kòboku° gomashio°
kohada° kobito° kòbutsu° koboshì gomashioàtama
kobata° kòbi hetsuràu kobùtsÎki° kobòsu komashakurèru,
kòbachi gobihè˙ka kobùtsıshoo kobotoketòoäè -maccha-
gohàtto° gohyakù gobutsuze˙° kobone° komazùkai
kobàto° gohyakùe˙ kobùtori plump Kòbori È˙shuu, gomasùri°
kobana° kobyàkÎshoo kobutòrì folk Koboriè˙shuu komata°
kobànashi gohyakùni˙ story koborè: okòbore komatasıkùi
kobànare gohyakùne˙ kobutorijìisa˙ koboreochìru° gomadare°
kohaba° gohyakumà˙ gofùnai koboredàne gomàda˙°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 185

kòmachi° kòmikaru gomutòbì kòme˙° goyaku°


-kòmachi: fÎka- gòmigomi gomunaäa° gome˙° koyàkuni˙
äawakòmachi gomisàrai gomunì˙äyoo gome˙asobasè koyaäumi°
komachiìto gomisÎtebà° gòmunoki gome˙kudasài koyashì
komachibàri komìdashi gomùnori gome˙koomùru koyàsu
komachimùsume gomitame° gomuba˙° gomè˙soo koyasùäai
kòmatsu° gomidàrake gomubiki° kome˙tèetaa koyasujìzoo
gomatsu° kòmichi° gomùhimo kome˙to° koyadai°
komatsuna° kòmìkku gomufùuse˙ kome˙dòo kòyatsu°
gomatsùbu° komìsshonaa gomuhòosu gome˙nasài koyànushi
komado° komìssho˙ gomubòoto komo° koyane°
komàdori gomitòrì gomùmari komokàburi Kòyama
komanèku, -nù- gomibako° gomùyoo° komoku° koyami°
komanèzumi komimi° kòmura° gomoku° koyamono°
gomanohai° gomìya komuraäàeri gomokùzushi koyuu°
Komaba° komyùu˙ gomùri gomòtto- gomokunàrabe koyuumèeshi, -èi-
komamàwashi komìnike, -myùni- mo gomokùmeshi° koyuki° light
gomamiso° kominikèesho˙, gomuwa° komòäòmo snow
komamùsubi -myuni- komè: komeno- komoji° konàyuki, koyu-
kòmame komyunikèeto meshì, okome° komozùtsumi ki° powdery
gomame° kominìsÎto, kòmee°, -ei° komochi° snow
komàmono° -myunì- gomèesa˙°, -èi- gomòttomo koyubi°
komamonòmise kominìzumu, komekami° komono° koyoi°
komamonoya° -myunì- komekùimushi komòri nursing koyoo°
komàyaka komyùniti komeäura° komorì to hide goyoo° misuse
gomayòäoshi° komì˙tèru˙ komesòodoo oneself goyòo business,
komarikìru° komi˙fòrumu komesòoba komorìuta order
komarinùku° kòmu: komà- komèdai° komoriò˙na goyooòsame
komarihatèru° nai, komòo, komedàwara komòru: komo- goyooäàkari
komarimonò° komimàsu, komètsÎkì rànai, komo- goyoogàkÎsha, -ä-
komàru: koma- kò˙de, kòme- kometsÎkibàtta ròo, komori- goyòokÏki
rànai, komari- ba, kòme kometsÎkìmushi màsu, komòt- goyòoki˙°
màsu, komàt- gòmu kometsùbu te, komòreba, goyookùmiai
te, komàreba, gomuami° komèdia˙, -iya˙ komòre koyòoji
komàre gomui˙° kòmedii komorèbi goyòoshi
komàwari gomuka˙° kometòäì kòmo˙ adviser koyòoshaà
gomà˙ komuäi° komedòkoro° kòmò˙ fine pat- goyoojòochi˙
koma˙do° komuäiiro° komenuka° tern goyooshòoni˙
gomà˙to komuäiko° komenomushi° gomò˙ goyòotashi
komì gomùäutsu komebitsu° komò˙jo° goyootee°, -ei°
gòmi five tastes gomukèshi komehe˙° gomò˙zeki koyòonushi
or flowers komuzukashìi° komèya komo˙sè˙su goyoohàjime
gomì trash komùsubi komèru: komè- koyà koyoohòke˙
komiàu komùsume nai, komeyòo, koyaäake° goyòomatsu
komiaäèru° komusoo° komemàsu, kò- koyakamashìi° koyònaku
komiìru gomuzoko° mete, komère- koyàäi° koyomì
gomiirè° gomutèepu ba, komèro koyaku° koyorì
186 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

kòra koryoorìya gorè˙chuu koroshimàsu, kowakare°


koràage˙ gòrira kòro koroshÏte°, ko- kowakì°
kòrai korìru goro° something rosèba kowake°
goràikoo° gori˙° five-ring awkward or korotàipu kowaäowa°
goràiäoo° pagoda pleasant gorokkai° gowagowa° sti‡
koraeshòo° gòri˙° olympic gòro grounder: gorokkàäetsu gòwagowa star-
koràèru gorì˙ki gorotsÎki° gorotsÎki° chy
goraku° kòru koroài° gorotsÎku° kòwasa
gorakui˙° kòrui° goroàwase kòròkke kowaza°
gorakuk˜kà˙ kòruku koròido° goròtto kowàsu: kowasà-
gorakùshÏtsu kòrusètto koroo° goroppe˙° nai, kowasòo,
gorakujoo° korunètto gòroo goroppo˙° kowashimàsu,
korashimè° gòrufu -äoroo°: Yoäoroo°, kòrona kowàshÏte, ko-
korashimèru gòrufaa Hachiäoroo° kòronii wàseba, kowàse
koràsu gorufujoo° koroòi° gorone° kowazùkai
kòramu koruhòozu goroojìru, goroo- korobasu° kowadaka°
koramunìsÎto kòre° jìro gorohachijàwa˙ kowàtari
gora˙° goree°, -ei° koròäaki korobi° kowadà˙pa˙
gora˙nasài goreese˙°, -ei- koroäasu° korobu°: koroba- kowàppa
kòri purification korekàäiri koroäarikòmu nai°, korobòo, kowàne°
kòri, kooria korekara° koroäaru° korobimàsu, kowabàru
wicker trunk korekiri°, -ä- gòroku five or six koro˙de°, koro- kowameshi°
korì sti‡ness korèkÎsho˙ gòroku° apho- bèba, korobè kowamote°
gorioshi° korèkÎtaa rism book koromo° gòwari
korikatamàru° korekÎtokòoru korokÎsatsu° koromoäae° kowarè
korìkÎtsu korekurai°, -ä- gorokujìka˙ Koromoäawa° kowaremonò°
korìkoo kòrekore come!, gorokudo° koromohe˙° kowarèru: ko-
koriäòri, -kò- listen! gorokùnichi° koròì warènai, kowa-
korìshòo korèkore such “ gorokune˙° goròrì remàsu, kowà-
gorìshoo such goroku˙chi° kòro˙ rete, kowarère-
koritsu° korèshÏki° koroäeochìru Korò˙bia, -iya ba, kowarèro
kòritsumue˙° koresÎteròoru koroäekòmu Korò˙busu ko˙° perseverance
gòrimuchuu koredake° koroäedèru° Korò˙bo kò˙ during ses-
korìya korekkiri° koroäemawàru kòwa sion, radical
gorìyaku koreppàkashi koroäeru° kowài: kòwa- kò˙i
kòryuu koreppàkari kòrokoro katta, kòwaku, ko˙iro°
kòryo korenàra gòrogoro to roll kowàkÎte, kò- ko˙i˙°
gòryoo imperial korenìwa over wakereba, kò- ko˙i˙tòdoke
mausoleum korebàkari gorogorò thun- washÏ kò˙ka
gòryòo imperial korehodo° der: gorogoro- kowaìke˙ kò˙kai
property koremàde sàmà kowaimonomì- ko˙kàäiri
goryòosho koremiyòäashi koroshi° tasa ko˙äàsuri
goryòoshi˙ kòrera cholera koroshiba° kowairo° ko˙katsu°
goryòochi korèra these koroshimò˙ku kowairotsıkài ko˙äarakàru°
goryòoni˙ korewakorewa° koroshiya° kowairoya° ko˙äàri
koryòori korewashÏtàri korosu°: korosa- kowaäàrì ko˙ka˙°
koryoorìte˙ gore˙juu° nai°, korosòo, kowaäàru ko˙äa˙°
2: ka, äa, ga, ki, ky-, äi, gi, äy, gy-, ku, äu, gu, ke, äe, ge, ko, äo, go, (kw-, gw-) 187

ko˙ki° perseve- ko˙äòoseki ultra marine -chÏkÏ- kò˙paku


rance Ko˙äoobùjì kò˙joo one's na- ko˙chinè˙taru kò˙pàkÎto
kò˙ki marriage- ko˙äòobutsu ture ko˙chuu° ko˙pakÎtodìsÎku
able age, cur- ko˙äòoyaku go˙joo° ko˙nichiwà, kò˙pasu
rent term ko˙äòoriki° ko˙shoku° ko˙chiwà ko˙pànio˙
kò˙äi ko˙äoorìkÏshi ko˙jìru° kò˙tseru˙ kò˙paru°
ko˙kimake° ko˙äooryuu° ko˙shi˙° kò˙te Ko˙paru°
ko˙kyaku° gò˙äodooda˙, ko˙shì˙kai ko˙tee°, -ei° Zè˙chÏku
ko˙kyuu° gò˙äo dooda˙° ko˙sui° ko˙dee°, -ei° ko˙paruryuu°
ko˙˙kyùusha ko˙ko˙° he slept ko˙suijòotai ko˙dìshonaa kò˙ba˙
kò˙kyo like a log, gush- gò˙sÎke ko˙dìsho˙ kò˙pa˙
go˙äyòo° ing out water ko˙sÎtàachi kò˙tesÎto ko˙ba˙wà
ko˙kyòchi kò˙ko˙ snow kò˙sÎta˙to ko˙tena°, kò˙bi: ko˙bi-
kò˙ku falling, thick ko˙sÎtoràkÎsho˙ kò˙tenaa nèesho˙
gò˙äu “ fast ko˙zùru° ko˙dè˙saa ko˙bìifu
ko˙kùuru ko˙kò˙chÏki ko˙see°, -ei° ko˙de˙sumìruku ko˙binàato
ko˙äurakàru° ko˙sàaji ko˙seegàsshoo, -ei- kò˙to ko˙bini°
ko˙kùrabe kò˙sàato ko˙sèeki, -èi- kò˙do ko˙pyùutaa, -ta
ko˙kurìito, ko˙- ko˙saatomàsÎtaa ko˙seetòoäe, -ei- ko˙too° ko˙pirà: ko˙pi-
kuri° ko˙sai° ko˙seki° trace, Ko˙doo° rasamà
gò˙äe ko˙zai° tack, sign ko˙doo° confu- kò˙bu, kòbu
ko˙kee°, -ei° go˙sai° kò˙seki this eve- sion ko˙purèkkÎsu
ko˙ketsu° kò˙sàisu ning kò˙doo° main ko˙purèssaa
ko˙äetsu° ko˙sàirui kò˙setsu° sanctuary kò˙pe
ko˙kètsùji kò˙zatsu ko˙zetsu° ko˙dòomu ko˙peetoo°, -ei-
ko˙äetsùbu˙ ko˙sàruta˙to ko˙setsÎtèenee, -ei ko˙toku° gò˙bee
ko˙äe˙° kò˙ji° dark blue kò˙sepÎto go˙dora° ko˙peki°
gò˙äe˙ ground ko˙se˙° kò˙toràsÎto ko˙bèyaa, -èya
-gò˙äe˙: hakone- kò˙ji° complete ko˙ze˙° kò˙doru go˙be˙°
gò˙äe˙ recovery/cure ko˙sè˙sasu ko˙toròoru kò˙bo
go˙äe˙zùkuri kò˙ji recent, kò˙se˙to ko˙toroorutàwaa kò˙po
go˙äe˙doo° next time ko˙some° ko˙tò˙° ko˙boo°
Kò˙äo ko˙jiki° ko˙zome° ko˙na° ko˙poo°
kò˙äo° Ko˙jikidoo° ko˙daku° kò˙na˙ ko˙pòoto
ko˙koo° ko˙jikiyàsha ko˙dàkÎtaa kò˙nichi ko˙pojìsho˙
ko˙äoo° mixture ko˙shìäoto kò˙tàkÎto ko˙nichiwà kò˙pòsuto
kò˙äoo diamond kò˙shÏko˙dee, ko˙takÎtorè˙zu ko˙nyàkù ko˙pò˙°
Kò˙äooiwao, -ei, kò˙shÏ ko˙- ko˙datè° ko˙nyakudama° ko˙po˙teki°
Kò˙äoo Iwao° dee°, -ei° ko˙datehyoo° ko˙nyakuba˙° ko˙po˙mò˙dai
go˙äòo, goäòo ko˙jaku° ko˙tabi° ko˙nyuu° kò˙ma, ka˙ma
ko˙kookyoo° ko˙jakumonoäà- kò˙tà˙ ko˙nyùubutsu ko˙maìka
Ko˙äòosa˙ tari ko˙da˙° kò˙ne˙ ko˙makè°
ko˙äòosha ko˙shuu° ko˙dà˙kai ko˙nè˙do ko˙myìonichi
ko˙äòoshu° ko˙shuuchuu° kò˙chi kò˙pa: kò˙panii ko˙myoonichi-
ko˙äòoshi˙ ko˙juhòoshoo gò˙chi ko˙pàatome˙to juu°, -chÏchuu°
kò˙kòosu ko˙shu˙° kò˙cheruto ko˙pai° ko˙mee°, -ei°
ko˙äoozùe ko˙joo° this life, ko˙chÏkÎshòo, ko˙bài˙ ko˙moo°
188 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ko˙mòri ko˙yaku° ko˙yoku° ko˙ree°, -ei° ko˙waku°


kò˙ya tonight ko˙yàkısha ko˙ra˙° kò˙ro
ko˙yà, kooyà ko˙yuu° ko˙ryuu° ko˙wa°
dyer ko˙yoo° ko˙rì˙zai ko˙wàkai
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo,
(si, zi)

sà left sai° saiäàichi saiäùu zaiäòo° sin


-sa (v.): nakısa, zài fortune, ma- saikàidoo saikÎtsu° saikooäàkÎfu
yòmÎsa, akài- terial, stu‡ saiäaitòohyoo saikùni˙° saikookìo˙
sa, shiròisa -zai°, -zai medi- saikàihatsu saikubà° saikòokyuu
-sa°, -sa (n.): to- cine, agent: zaiäaihòoji˙ saikumonò° zaiäoogù˙ji˙
risa°, hanàsa, shookàzai° saiäaihòshoo sàikuri˙äu saikooke˙sàtsı-
àmesa -zai, -zai° crime: saikaimokuyoku° sàikuru choo
zà, -za: kabuki- satsujì˙zai° sàikaku° saikurotòro˙ saikòosai: sai-
za° saiai° Sàikaku sàikuro˙ koosaiba˙shò
sàa saiaku° zaiäaku° sàiku˙ saikooshirèeka˙,
sàakasu zàiaku zaiäàkÎsee, -äa- saigù˙bi -èi-
sàakÏtto zàii kısee zaike° saikooshirèebu,
saakuru° saiiki°, seeiki° zaiäakÎchuu° saikee°, -ei° -èi-
zàazaa sàiu saikàkuni˙ sàiäee, -ei zaikòosee, -ei
zaazaaburi° saiùyoku zaikatà° zaikee°, -ei° Sàiäoo Takàmo-
zaasai° zaieki° saikachi° saikèekoku, -èi- ri, Saiäootakà-
sàaji saie˙° saikàtoo zaikeechòchiku, mori
sàazu zaie˙° saika˙° -ei- saikòochoo
saazuùirusu sàie˙su zaika˙° saikèeree, -èi- saikòote˙
saachiràito saie˙sufìkusho˙ sàiki saiketsu° to col- saikòobi
sàado zaioo° sàiäi lect blood saikòohoo
saabaa° saiòote sàikÏka˙patsu sàiketsu° vote, saikoku°
sàabisu sàika° sun light- saiäìshi˙ decision saiäoku°
saabisuèria ing sacred flame saikìdoo sàiäetsu zaikoku°
saabisùgyoo sàika o‚cial ap- sàikyo saike˙° saiäotsùchoo
saabisùryoo proval saikyoo° saiäè˙° repro- saiäonòsÎke
sàabu zàika Sàiäyoo duction zaikòhi˙°
saafaa° saikai° to meet zaikyoo° saiäè˙ limits saikòro
sàafi˙ again, purifi- saikyòoiku saikè˙sa saikòrojii
saafubòodo cation saikyoozuke° saikè˙sha saiko˙°
saaberu° saikài lowest Saikyoose˙° saikè˙too Sàiäo˙
zaamasÎkòtoba rank, last place saiki˙° sàiko saisai°
saamosÎtàtto saiäai° zaiki˙° sàiäo zàisa˙°
sàamo˙ zaikai° zaiki˙chuu° zaiko° zaisa˙ka°
saamo˙pì˙ku zaiäai° saiki˙hèeki, -èi- saikoo° saisa˙sàishi
saaròi˙ zaiäaikòoka˙ saigì˙mi zaikoo° zaisà˙zee, -ei
saaroi˙sÎtèeki zaikàiji˙ saiku° zaiäoo° ex-soldier sàishi
190 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

saiji° saishi˙shÏki° saidaikooyàkÎsuu saitòohyoo saiba˙° year-end


saishìai saishi˙ryùukoo° Sàidaiji saidòkàa sàiba˙ trial
saishÏki° sàizu saitàisha saidoku° Sàipa˙
saijìki zaisu° saidàichi saidotèeburu saibà˙i˙
saishÏkè˙ saizuchì saidaifùusoku saidobìjinesu saibà˙ka˙
saijijoo° saizuàtama saitàkàne saidoburèeki saiba˙zata°
saijitsu° saisùru saitaku° saidomìraa saiba˙shò°
zaishÏtsu° saisu˙° zaitaku° saidorài˙ saibà˙choo
zaisha° zàise° zaitakÎkàiäo saitòrì sàihi
sàishu priest saisee°, -ei° zaitakÎkì˙mu saidowàaku saihÏtsu°
sàishu° to gather zaisee°, -ei° saitàsùu sainàmu saihyoo°
saishuu° saiseeìcchi°, -eiì- Sàitama sainà˙ saihyòoka
zaijuu° saisèeki, -èi- Saitamàke˙ sainan° eyoke° saihyoose˙°
saishùukai saisèesa˙, -èi- Saitamàshi zainichi° saifu°
saishùusee, -ei saisèeshi, -èi- sàitaru sainyuu° sàibu
saishùubi zaiseetooyùushi, saita˙° sainyùuäaku saifÎku°
zaishÎku° -ei- saida˙° saini˙° saibutsu°
saishÎtsu° zaisèena˙, -èi- zaida˙° zaini˙° o‚ce zàibutsu°
saishıtsùnyuu saiseki° saita˙kyòri holding saibu˙° subdvi-
saishıppatsu zaiseki° zaida˙hòoji˙ zainì˙° sion
saisho° saisetsu° sàichi o‡ender, cul- saibu˙°, -mo˙°
sàijo saise˙°: osaise˙° saichÏku° prit to address to
zaishò° saize˙° sàichuu sainì˙shÏki the gods
saishoo° saisè˙kyo zaichuu° zaini˙chuu° saibù˙ka°
saijoo° saizè˙se˙ saichoo° saineria° zaibee°, -ei°
zàishoo° saisè˙ta˙ Sàichoo saine˙° saihe˙°
zaijòo° saise˙dòroboo zaichoo° sainè˙shoo saihè˙see, -ei
saijòokyuu saisè˙bako saichòosa sainè˙choo saihoo°
saishòoäe˙ saizè˙bu saitee°, -ei° sainoo° saiboo°
saishòochi saizè˙retsu saiteekìo˙, -ei- zainoo° zaihoo°
saishoogè˙do saisoo° saitèeäe˙, -èi- sàinokawara saibòogu
saishookoobài- saizòo° saiteegè˙do, -ei- sainomè° saihoojòodo
suu saisoku° by laws saiteejòoke˙, -ei- sainoro° saihòosoo
saijòoto sàisoku repeated saiteechì˙äi˙, -ei- sàibaa saiboobù˙retsu
saishoku° vege- demand saiteki° saibaakòoäeki saihoku°
tarian meal saita° zaiteku° saihai° saihòkÎta˙
sàishoku° beauty sàidaa saidèsu saibai° saihòssoku
“ intelligence saitai° saite˙° saibàshi sàifo˙, -ho˙
zaishoku° saidai° biggest, saide˙° saihajikèru saimatsu°
saishokÎkè˙bi to give detai- zaite˙° saibashìru saimitsu°
zaishokÎchuu° led report saitè˙ke˙ saihatsu° saimi˙°
zaishokunè˙äe˙ saidai°: Saita- sàido zaibatsu° zaimi˙°
saishòri madai°, Saita- saidoàuto saihàkke˙ saimì˙kÎtsu
saishìryoo madaigaku° SaitoomokÏchi°, saihàkkoo saimì˙zai
saishi˙° saidàikyuu Saitoo° MokÏchi° saihate° saimì˙jutsu
saiji˙° saidàiäe˙ saidoo° sàibara° saimì˙yaku
saishi˙äata° saidaigè˙do saidoòodaa saiha˙° sàimu
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 191

zàimu saiwai° -zaka°: kikùzaka, sakaseru° sakari°


zaimùka˙ saiwari° noborizaka°, sakazori° sàäari
saimùsha saiwàribiki Kaäuràzaka Sàkatatoojuuroo sakariba°
zaimùshoo saiwa˙° Zàäa Sàkatano Kì˙toki saäarìfuji
zaimee°, -ei° sài˙ sakaàäari sakadai° saäarime°
saimoku° zài˙° Sàkai: Sàkai sakadachi° sakaru°
zaimoku° saì˙kai Hòoitsu sakadàtsu saäàru: saäarà-
zaimokuya° sai˙zeme° sakài sakadatèru nai, saäaròo,
sàimo˙ sai˙choo° sakaimè° sakadaru° saäarimàsu, sa-
saimo˙kàtari sai˙nì˙shoo sakaùrami° sakatsubo° äàtte, saäàre
zàiya° sai˙bùkku sakàe° sakate° saka˙° plasterer,
saiyaku° saì˙pe˙ sakàèru saäate˙nòo popular, to
saiyàsune Saujiàrabia, -iya sakaòtoshi° sakatò˙bo flourish
saiyu° sausıpoo sakaäame° sakana°: osakana° sàka˙ field
saiyùuki sàuna sakaki° sakanàtsuri o‚cer
saiyùuse˙ sau˙do° saäaku° sakanade° sàäa˙°
saiyùshÎtsu sau˙dotoràkku zaäaku° sakanami° saka˙ya°
saiyùnyuu sau˙dobòkkÎsu saäakubèddo, -tto sakanaya° saki° earlier than,
saiyoo° saè sakaäura° saäanìshÏki in the future
sairai° -sae, -sàe: torisàe, sakaäe° zaäane° sàki following,
zàirai° hanàsae, yòmu- Saäàke˙ sakaneji° previous
zairaise˙° sae sakaäo° Sakanòueno Ta- saäi° snowy
sàiri saekàeru° sakaäomo° muràmaro heron
sàiryaku° saeki° sakasa° sakanobòru sàäi imposture
zairyuu° saeäìru sakasabyòobu sakabà° sakìika
zairyuuhòoji˙ saezàe sakasafùji sakabùtori° sakiòkuri°
zairyùumi˙ saezurì° sakasama° sakabune° sakiototòi, -tsùi
sairyoo° the best saezùru sakasamaäoto° sakamàku sakiäai°
sairyòo° discre- saetsu° sakasamàtsuäe Sàäami sakiäake°
tion saèru: saènai Saäàshi Saäamìäawa sakiäakèru
sàiryòo supervi- saewatàru° saäashiatèru sakàmichi sakiäashi°
sion, manage- saò sakashìi saäamìnada sakiäachi°
ment zaòo sakashio° Saäamìhara sakiäari°
zairyòo zaoogò˙äe˙ saäashidàsu saäamiharase˙° sakiäiri°
zairyòohi saòsàsu sakashima° saäamìwa˙ sakÏkùäuri
sàiryoku saozurì° saäashimawàru sakamuke° sakÏkoborèru
zàiryoku saodake° saäashimono° sakamushi° sakiäòro° best
sairi˙° saodakèuri sakashira° sakame° time to come
zàiru saodachi° zaäàshira Sakamotoryòo- out
sairuigàsu saotome° sakashiro° ma, Sakamo- sakìäòro recent-
sairùida˙ saobàkari saäasu°: saäasa- no° Ryòoma ly, lately
sairee°, -ei° saòhime° nai°, saäasòo, sa- sakamori° sakìzaki
sàire˙ saobuchi° äashimàsu, sa- sakaya° sakÏsama°
sàire˙to saòmono° äashÏte°, saäasèba sakayaki° saäìshi
sàiro sàka refreshment saäase° sakayake° sakizuke°
sairoku° sakà slope sakazuki° sakayume° sakizeme°
sairo˙° sàäa, Sàäa sakazukiäotò° sakaràu sakizònae
192 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

sakÎsòfo˙, sakyuu° zakuäiri° sakura° sakeka˙°


-kÏsòho˙ sakiyuki°, sakiiki° sakuäe˙° Sàkura sakekÎsài
sakizome° sàäyoo sàkùäo Sàkura Sòäoo, sakekÎse°, -äu-
sakÏsomèru zakyoo° sàkÎsaku° Sakurasòoäo sakesakana°
sakÏsoròu zaäyoo° zàkuzaku sakurài saäeshìmada
sakidaka° saäyòoi zàkuzaku sakurairo° saäèjuu
sakidàsu saäyòoi˙ sakuzatsu° sakuràebi sakezukì°
sakidachi° saäyòochi sakÎsà˙° sakuràäai saäesumì°
sakidàtsu saäyòofÎku sakÎshi° to write sakuràäami saäesùmu°
sakidatèru saäyooryòohoo words sakuràäari° saäèze˙
saäichoo° sàäiri° sàkÎshi resour- sakuràäi° saketsıkùri
sakÏchìru saäiryuu° ceful person, Sakuraäìchoo saäedomari°
sakÏtsuzùku sakiwake° schemer Sakurajima° saäedomàru°
sakippo° sakiwàtashi° sakùjitsu sakuràzumi sakenòmì
sakÏte° saki˙° balance, sakujiba° sakurazè˙se˙ saäèhaba
sakidèru di‡erence, sàkÎsha° sakurasoo° sakebì
sakidònari° saki˙°, shaki˙° sakÎshuu° sakuràdai sakebiäòe
sakidori° gold dust sakÎshu˙° Sakuradàmo˙ sakebìtari°
sakini° earlier saki˙jìru sàkujo sakuràniku sakèbu: sakebà-
than saki˙zùru sakùsu sakısu sakuràbana nai, sakebòo,
sàkini° before- saku° to bloom, sakuzu° sakurafùbuki sakebimàsu,
hand to come out: sakuzukè° sàkuramè˙to sakè˙de, sakè-
sakiniòu sakanai°, sakòo, sakusee°, -ei° sakuràmochi beba, sakèbe
sakinokòru sakimàsu, sai- sàkÎsèsu sakuràyu sakebùtori°
sakinobashi° te°, sakèba, sakè sakÎse˙° sakura˙° saäèfuri°
sakinori° sàku to separate, sakÎse˙kèekaku, sakura˙bo°, -oo° sakemasùryoo
sakÏhajimèru to spare the -èi- saäurì° sakemè
sakibàshiri° time: sakànai, sakÎsoo° saäuriai° saäèmòno
sakibashìru sakòo, sakimà- sakÎchoo° saäurìashi° sakeyoiù˙tenù
sakibàrai su, sàite, sàke- sakutsÎkè° saäuriatèru sakèru: sakènai,
sakibuto° ba, sàke sakutee°, -ei° saäuridàsu sakeyòo, sake-
sakibure° sàku° last year, sakÎtoo° sakùryaku° màsu, sàkete,
sakiboo°: osaki- to match sakudoo° saäuru° sakèreba, sakèro
boo° sàkù plan, fence sakunyuu° sakuree°, -ei° saäèru: saäènai,
sakÏhokòru sakù° piece of sakune˙° sakuretsu° saäeyòo, saäe-
sakiboso° work, crop sakunè˙do zàkuro màsu, sàäete,
sakibosori° -saku°, -sakù: yo- sakubaku° zakuròäuchi saäèreba, saäèro
sakÏhodo° saku°, ke˙sakù° sakùba˙ zakuròbana sakèrui
sakimàwari° zàku sakÎhi˙° sake°: osake° alco- saäewatashi°
sakimidarèru skuàtari sakÎfuu° holic drinks sàäe˙°
sakimìtsu sàkùi commis- sakùbutsu sàke salmon zàko
saäimùsume sion, intention sakubu˙° saäè sàkoube˙
sakimono° sakui˙° sakuboo° sakee°, -ei° zakoo°
sakimonòkai, -ä- sakuòtoko sàkuma saäèo° sakoku°
sakimonotòrìhÏki sakuäa° sakùmotsu saäèkaji sagòjoo, -ä-
sakìmori sakuäara° sakùya sakekàsu° sakòtsu°
sakiyama° sakuäyoo° sakuyuu° saäèäami zakotsu°
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 193

zakotsÎshi˙kèe- sashiai° sashÏchiäae° sashuu° sàzo


tsuu° sashiaäèru° sashÏchiäàeru° sàjutsu sasoi°
zakone° sashìashi sashitsÎkae° sashoo° sasoiawasèru
sàko˙: sàko˙no- sashiatari° sashitsÎkaèru° sajoo° sasoikakèru
sakura° sashiàbura sàshÏtsu sasàretsu zashoo° sasoikòmu
sasa° bamboo sashiami° sàshÏte di‚cult zajoo° sasoidàsu
sàsa trivial sashiire° job zashoku° sasoìmizu°
sasàame° sashiiremono° sashÏtè chess sashìryoo sasou°: sasowa-
sàsai sashiirèru° move sashiwake° nai°, sasoòo, sa-
sasàe° sashìe° sashideäamashìi° sashiwatashi° soimàsu, sasotte°,
sàzae, -ai sashioku° sashidèäuchi° saji˙° sasoèba, sasoè
sasaèru° sashiosae° sashidemono° sasu° sandbar zazòo°
sasaäaki° sashiosaèru° sashidèru sàsu to indicate, sàzokashi
sasaki° sashÏkae° sashÏtòosu° to pour: sasà- sasokÎtsùukoo
sasakure° sashÏkàeru° sashÏtome° nai, sasòo, sas- sàzoya
saskuredàtsu sashÏkakàru° sashÏtomèru° himàsu, sàshÏ- sasori°
sasakurèru sashÏkake° sashìnui° te, sàseba, sàse sàtà
sasaäe°, -äi° sashÏkakèru° sashinuki° sàzu sadàiji˙
sasaäètsÎtsu sajikàäe˙ sashìne zàsu Sadao°
sasaäemòtsu sashÏkazàsu° sashinobèru° sasuäa° sàdaka
sasaäemono° sashìäane° sashiobòru° sazukarimonò° zataku°
sasaäeru° sashÏkì sashìba sazukàru Sàdako
sasazuka° sajiki° sashÏhasàmu° sazukèru sadamàrì
sasatsu° zashÏkì sashihÏkàeru° sàsÎtehÏkute, sadamàru
sasappa° sash˜kizu sashìhÏki° sàsÎte hÏkute sadamè
sasanaki° zashÏkibòoki sahihÏkikà˙joo sàsÎpè˙su sadàmeshi
sazanami° sashÏkiru° sashih˜ku sasÎpè˙daa sadàmete
sasanìshÏki zashÏkìroo sashÏhibìku° sasumata° sadamèru: sada-
sasanoha° sashìäushi sashimanèku° sasurài° mènai, sademe-
sasabune° sashiäùsuri sashimawashi° sasuràu yòo, sadame-
sasami° sashiäùmu sashimawàsu° sasuri° màsu, sadàme-
sazamèku sashÏkùru sashimì: sashi- sasuru° te, sadamèreba,
sasamèyuki sashÏkò minotsumà zasùru sadamèro
sasàyaka sashÏkomi° sashimikò˙nyaku zaseki° satayami°
sasayakì° sashÏkòmu sashìmizu sasetsu° sata˙°
sasayàku sashÏkoròsu° sashimibòochoo zasetsu° Sàta˙
sasayabu° sashÏsawari° sashimukai° Sasebo°, -ho° zada˙°
sasara° sashÏsawàru° sashimuki° saseru° to make zadà˙kai
sasàru sashÏshimèsu° sahimukèru° someone do sàchi
sazarèishi sàshizu sàshimo° sasèru worth SàchÏko
sasawara°, -hara° sashizume° sashimodoshi° special consi- zàchuu°
sazà˙ka sashizùyaku° sashimodòsu° deration zachoo°
sashì sashÏsemàru° sashìmono -saseru°, -sasèru: satsu° bill: osatsu°
-sashi°: iisashi°, sashizoe° sashimonòshi kÏsaseru°, misa- sàtsu police
yomisashi° sashidashìni˙° sashimonòya sèru zatsu° sloppy
sàji: osàji sashidàsu sàshu sase˙° zàtsu miscella-
zàshi sàshÏtaru sashìyu zaze˙° neous income
194 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

sàtsùi zàkku sàcchoo satòi sanoo°


satsuire° sakkÎkòoto sàtto° satoimo° sanosabushi°
satsuee°, -ei° sàkkÎsu zatto° satoo° sànomi
zatsuee°, -ei° zàkkubara˙ sattoo° Sàtoo sàha
satsuèeki, -èi- sakkùri zattoo° satòo sigar: osatoo° saba°
satsueejo°, -ei- zakkùri zatsùne˙° sadoo° to work sàhai
zatsueki° zatsuäee°, -ei° zatsunoo° sàdoo tea cere- sahàini˙°
zatsuek˜fu zakke˙° zappai° mony sabàibaru
zatsuo˙° zakkoku° zappaku° zatòo sabaori°
sakka° sàkko˙ satsubatsu° satòokìbi sàbakì
zakka° zakko˙° sappàri sadoòkèsa sabaku° aid
sàkkaa sàssato zappi° satoozuke° sabàku to
satsuäai° sasshi° guess, sapp˜ku° satoodàiko˙ judge, to deal
sakkaku° consideration satsubira° satòomizu with, to sell
zatsuäaku° sàsshi° book, zappi˙° satooya° sàbaku° desert
zakkakenài pamphlet sàppu° satooyasèedo, -èi- sabakèäuchi°
sakkashoo° zasshi° sappùukee, -ei satoäàeri sabakèru
zakkàshoo zàtsuji° zatsubutsu° satokàäura sàbasàba
zatsÎkabu°, zak- zasshìsha zatsubu˙° Sadoäàshima sabayomì°
kabu° sàsshi, sàsshu zappoo° satokata° Sahara°
zakkaya° zasshu° zatsuboku° satoäo° Sàhari˙
sakkari˙° sàsshuu Sapporo° satoäòkoro sahà˙ji
sakka˙° zasshùunyuu sàtsuma satoshi° sabà˙na
zakka˙° sasshoo° satsumàaäe satòsu° sabì
satsÎkà˙joo zasshoku° satsumaimo° satokko° sabiiro°
sàkki° thirst for sasshi˙° satsumaäàsuri satobara° Zàbieru
blood, stormy satsuji˙° satsumajìru satobito° sabishìi: sabìshÏ-
atmosphere satsujì˙ki satsumàppo° satoyama° kata, sabìshÏ-
sàkki lately satsujì˙zai° satsumànòkami satori° ku, sabìshÏkÎ-
satsÎki° satsuji˙teki° satsumabìwa satoru° te, sabìshÏkere-
zakki° satsujì˙ha˙ zàtsumu sadoru° ba, sabìshÏ
zatsÎkì° sassui° zatsuyoo° sanae° sabishiäàru
zatsÎkisàkÎsha sassùisha satsuriku° sànaka sabitsÎku°
sakkidàtsu sassùu zatsuroku° sanaäara° sabidomè°
zakkÏchoo° sassùru° zatsuwa° sanaäi° zahyoo°
satsÎkibare° zatsuzee°, -ei° sàte sanàkidani° sabìru
satsÎkiyami° zatsuze˙° sadè Sanadayukìmu- sabirèru°
sakkyuu° sassoo° satee°, -ei° ra, Sanada° Yu- sàbu
zakkyo° zassoo° sàtesate kìmura safàia, -iya
sakkyoo° sassoku° satetsu° sanadàhimo sàfari
sakkyoku° zasso˙° sàtemata sanadàmushi safaripàaku
sakkyokÎka° zatta° sàtemo sanatorìumu, zàbuzabu
zakkyobìru zatsudai° sateràito -ryùu- sabutàitoru
sakki˙° satsÎtàba° sàtewa saniirètasu zabùto˙
zakki˙° zatsuda˙° sàte˙ Sanuki° sapuràizu
sakkì˙zai° sàcchi° sato° sàne sàfùra˙
sàkku sacchùuzai° Sàdo Sano° sàpurime˙to
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 195

Saburòo° samataäèru° Sàyaka sarashi° -zàru: shirazàru,


-sàburoo: Yosà- samatsu° sayàäata sarashìame omowazàru
buroo sàmade Zayaku° sarashia˙° sarùäaku°
-zaburoo°: Ka˙- samayòu sàyasaya sarashÏkùjira sarukaniäàsse˙,
zaburoo° sàmarii sayatori° sarash˜kubi -kàs-
sàbetsu sàmi sayabashìru sarashÏko° saruäùtsuwa
sabetsÎtàiäuu samishìi sayàmaki Sarashina° zaruäo°
sàhe˙ shamise˙°, sa- sayamase˙° sarashinasòba sarusawanoikè
sàbo samidare° sàyù: osàyu sarashinanìkki sarujie°
sabotàaju sàmitto sàyuu sarashimono° sarushìbai
sàhoo samìdori zayuu° sarashimòme˙ sarusùberi
saboo° samùi: osamui° Sàyuri° sarasu° zarusoba°
sabookòoji sàmukatta sà- sàyo sarasòoju sàruta˙
sapòotaa° sup- muku samùkÎ- sayoo° on the but- sàrada sarudoshi°
porter te sàmukereba ton/nose/dot saradaòiru sarutobisàsuke
sapòotaa jock- sàmushÏ sàyoo action, saradàna° Sàrutoru
strap samùe° e‡ect saradàyu° sarubia°
sapòoto samuäàrì sayooshÏkàraba sarachi° sarùhÏki
sabosu° samuäàru sayoonàrà zaratsÎku° sarufàzai°
sabotàaju samukè sayòkyoku sàrani sarubèeji
sabote˙°, sha- sàmusa: osamusa° sàyoku zarani° sarumata°
sahodo° samusa° zayoku° sàraba sarumane°
sabòru samusashìnoäi sayonàra° zaraba° sarumàwashi
zàbo˙° samuzàmu sayori° saraburèddo sarume˙kà˙ja
sama° samuzamushìi sara° saucer saramàwashi sarumoneràki˙°
-sama°: obasa- samuzòra sàra new sarami° sàrumono
ma°, Yamada- samurai° zara° ordinary zarame° sarùwaka
sama°, otòosa- samuraidàishoo zàra rough paper saramori° sareki°
ma, Sàtoosama same° saraàrai sarayu° sarekòobe
zamà samèzàme sarai° sàrarii zareäoto°
sàmaa samehada° saràiäetsu° sararìima˙ sàreba
samaakòoto samèru: samè- saraishuu° sara˙ràppu sareru°
samaasÎkùuru nai, sameyòo, saraine˙° zari° zarèru
samaatàimu samemàsu, sà- sarau° sàrii sàro˙
samaäàwari mete, samère- sarae° saraäatài sàwa tea-table
-samasama°, -sa- ba, samèro saraeru° zariäani° conversation
masamà: kai- sàmo zaraäami° sariäenài sawà swamp,
shasamasama°, samoshìi saraki˙° sarìjoo° stream
shòobai sama- zamochì° sarakedàsu sàritote sawaakurìimu
samà zamotò° sàràsa saridomàido sawàkai
samàzàma sàmonaito sarasazome° sàritowa sawaäashìi
samàsu: samasà- samowàaru sàrasara° not at all sàrinàäara sawaäàsu
nai, samasòo, samo˙° sàrasara to write sariyùku sawaäani°
samashimàsu, sàya letters easily saryoo°, charyoo° sawaäarèru
samàshÏte, sa- sayaate° zarazara° un- sàri˙ sàwaäi
màseba, samàse sayaì˙äe˙ smooth sàru sawaäitatèru°
samatàäe° sayaè˙doo zàrazara rough zarù sawàäu: sawaäà-
196 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

nai, sawaäòo, sà˙ka under the sa˙äatsudoo° zà˙ki˙ sa˙sai° edible


sawaäimàsu, umbrella of, sa˙äànichi° sa˙ki˙kòotai° wild plants,
sawàide, sawà- paean, terrible sa˙kàne˙, sa˙- sà˙ku mountain ban-
äeba, sawàäe disaster, moun- äà- sa˙äùu° dit den
zàwazawa tain nomads sa˙kàbutsu Sa˙äùubashi sà˙sai three
sawàsu° sà˙äa, sà˙ka sa˙ka˙° sa˙gùrasu years old
zawatsÎku° mountains “ sa˙kà˙° sa˙äu˙° sa˙zai°
sawanòbori rivers sa˙kà˙òo sa˙ke° za˙zai°
Sawamurasoo- sa˙äa visit to sa˙ka˙shìo˙ sà˙äe sa˙saäarì°
juuroo° the Imperial sa˙kà˙bu zà˙äe sa˙saku°
zawamèki° Palace sà˙ki sa˙kee°, -ei° sa˙zashi°
zawamèku sa˙kài sà˙äi govern- sa˙keeni˙°, -ei- sa˙sashìäure
sawàyaka sa˙kai° ment sa˙äeki° sà˙satsu
sawara° sa˙äai° sà˙äì diving sa˙kezùku za˙satsu°
sawàrabi za˙äai° sticks sa˙ketsu° sa˙zappara°
sawari° sa˙kàiki sa˙äìi˙, -˙g- zà˙äetsu sa˙zamèku, zaza-
sawarimò˙ku sa˙kàisha zà˙äiku sa˙ke˙° in the sa˙sàro
sawaru°: sawara- sa˙kàise˙ sa˙kyaku° newspaper sa˙sa˙°
nai°, sawaròo, sa˙äaibushi° za˙äyaku° sà˙ke˙° govern- sa˙za˙° severely,
sawarimàsu, sa˙kaku° to take sa˙kyuu° mater- ment powers thoroughly,
sawatte°, sawa- part in plan- nity leave sa˙äe˙° utterly
rèba, sawarè ning sà˙kyuu thank za˙äè˙° sa˙zà˙° to hol-
sàwa˙ sà˙kaku triangle you Sa˙äè˙jaya low, to be beat-
sa˙° to give sa˙äaku° moun- sà˙kyo sa˙äè˙shoku en
birth tains sa˙kyoo° sa˙äo° postpar- sa˙sa˙kùdo
sà˙ fortune, cal- sà˙äaku indus- sa˙äyoo° indus- tum sa˙sa˙gòäo
culation try, university try, sericulture sà˙äo coral sà˙shi
-sa˙: Kooyàsa˙ za˙äaku° sa˙äyoo°, sa˙äoo° sa˙koo° sà˙ji tra‚c in-
-sa˙°: ojisa˙°, Ya- sa˙kakÎkà˙kee, to venerate sa˙äòo cident, new-
madasa˙°, kàa- -ei za˙kyoo° za˙koo° born baby, af-
san, tòosa˙ sa˙kakÎkà˙sùu za˙äyoo° za˙äoo° ternoon re-
zà˙ sà˙äakukyoo- sa˙äyòoi sa˙kooshò° freshment
-za˙: Hièeza˙ doo, sà˙äakÎ sa˙äyòokai sa˙kooni˙° sà˙ji° praise
sa˙ai° kyoodoo° sa˙äyookàkumee, sa˙äòkai za˙shi° to mur-
sà˙aku sa˙kàkkee, -ei sà˙äoku der
sà˙i -kakıkee sa˙äyookùmiai za˙koku° zà˙shi dregs,
sa˙itsu° sa˙kakujòoäi sa˙äyookòokoku sa˙äokùichì vestige
sa˙i˙° sa˙äakÎshì˙koo sa˙äyòochi sa˙äòkıshi zà˙ji
sa˙i˙se˙° sa˙kàkısu za˙äyootèate sa˙äokujìdai sa˙shÏkai°
sa˙ì˙doo sa˙kàkıte˙ sa˙yoohaikìbutsu sa˙äokudòomee, sa˙shÏkàäetsu
sà˙u sa˙kakùnami sa˙äyooyooròbot- -ei sa˙shikarìsumu,
sa˙e˙° sa˙kàäetsu to sa˙äòju sa˙ji-
sa˙e˙shùäi sa˙kàsha sà˙kyoku sa˙äòshoo sa˙jìka˙
sa˙ka° oxida- sa˙kàshuu za˙äirì° sa˙äòchuu sa˙jika˙mè
tion, obstetrics sà˙äatsu za˙äiriàtama sa˙kotsu° sa˙shÏki°
sà˙ka° participa- sa˙kakıki˙, za˙äirimono° sa˙äotoo° a˙shÏkisùmire
tion -kàkki˙ sa˙ki˙° sa˙ko˙° sa˙shìäyoo
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 197

sa˙jìäe˙ sa˙jùushoo sa˙jì˙° sa˙so˙° sa˙doo°


sa˙shÏsatsu° sa˙jùusoo za˙shi˙° zamzo˙°, -so˙° za˙too°
sà˙shisuimee°, sa˙jùudai sa˙shì˙too sà˙ta sa˙tookyòode˙,
-ei°, sà˙shi sui- sa˙jùudo sa˙sui° to sprin- sa˙dai° visit to sa˙too° kyoode˙°
mee°, -ei° sa˙jùunichi kle water on Imperial Palace sa˙toojùuyaku
sa˙jisèiäe˙ sa˙- sa˙jùuni˙ sà˙sui landscape sà˙dai three sa˙tòoshi˙
jisèeäe˙ sa˙shùune˙ sa˙zui° generations sa˙tòona°
sa˙shÏtà°: sa˙shÏ- sà˙juuhachido- sa˙suiäa° sa˙daibànashi sa˙doäàsa
tayàkko se˙, sà˙juuu sa˙sùisha sa˙daimè° sà˙toni˙°
sa˙shÏtsu° hachidoese˙° sa˙sùu zà˙daka sa˙dopèepaa
sa˙jukkokubù- sa˙jùubyoo sa˙sıkumi° sa˙takuròosu sa˙tome°: sa˙to-
ne, sa˙ji- sa˙jùuma˙ sa˙sÎkurìtto sa˙datsu° mejima°
sa˙jùssai, sa˙jì- sà˙juu rokkàse˙ sà˙sÎke sa˙dàyuu sa˙domè°
sa˙jisshùune˙, sà˙juurokkee, sa˙zukè° sa˙darabòcchi sà˙nai
sa˙ju- sà˙juu rokkee° sà˙zunokawà sà˙daru° sa˙nà˙
sa˙jìppu˙, sa˙jù- sa˙shÎtsu° sa˙sùru sa˙taroo° sa˙nyuu°
sa˙shÏhe˙° sa˙jutsu° sa˙zùru° sa˙dàwara sa˙nì˙
sa˙shÏho˙° sa˙shÎtsùdaka sà˙zu˙ sa˙ta˙° za˙ni˙°
sà˙sha sa˙shÎtsùryoo sa˙zù˙kuäi sa˙da˙° buckshot sa˙ni˙äake°
sa˙shaku° sa˙shunojì˙äi sà˙ze° sà˙dà˙ to raise sa˙ni˙kàtàwa
sà˙jaku three sa˙jò° sa˙see°, -ei° money sa˙ni˙kà˙jo
feet zà˙sho sa˙sèeu, -eiu sa˙da˙äàmae sa˙ni˙kÏchìsa
sa˙jaku° waist- sa˙jòi˙ sa˙sèeke˙, -èi- sa˙dà˙juu sa˙nì˙shoo
band sa˙shoo° to refer sa˙sèesha, -èi- sa˙dà˙tobi° sa˙ni˙zùkai
sa˙jamàtsuri to, to compare, sa˙seedòjoo, -ei- sa˙da˙mè sa˙ne˙°
sà˙shu to win three sa˙seki° to accu- sa˙da˙rò˙poo za˙nè˙
sà˙ju matches mulate sà˙chi° sa˙nè˙ki
zà˙shu° sa˙shoo°, -sho° sà˙seki° three sa˙cha˙nòoäyoo za˙nè˙shoo
sa˙shuu° pepper tree great calligra- sà˙chuu sa˙nè˙see, -ei
sa˙juu° three- sa˙joo° phers sa˙choo° sa˙ne˙mè
fold Sà˙joo sa˙zèsoo° sa˙choomè° sa˙nòo
sà˙juu thirty za˙shoo° za˙setsu° sa˙choku° sa˙nokirì
sà˙juuichinichi, sa˙shòouo sa˙se˙° sa˙tee°, -ei° sa˙nòze˙°
-chi˙chi Sa˙shoodàyuu sa˙ze˙° za˙tee°, -ei° sa˙nòtori
sa˙jùue˙ sa˙shoku° ag- sa˙ze˙e˙° sa˙diikèe sa˙nomaru°
sa˙shùuki gression sa˙ze˙sèkài za˙teeteki°, -ei- sa˙ba° midwife
sa˙jùuku sà˙shoku three sa˙se˙soomoku° za˙teeyòsa˙, -ei- sà˙ba samba
sa˙juugònichi, color, three sa˙ze˙ni˙° sà˙dee sa˙bai° three
-gò˙chi meals sà˙so za˙teki° times
sà˙juu gòmiri sa˙joku° zà˙so sa˙de˙° sà˙bai three
sà˙juu sa˙kàiki sa˙shokÎsùmire sa˙soo° sa˙te˙sètto glasses
sà˙juu sa˙kàsho sa˙shokùtsÎki° za˙zoo° sà˙to sa˙pai°
sà˙juusa˙äe˙- sa˙jokùnetsu Sa˙zoohòoshi sà˙do sa˙paikyuuhai°
doo, sà˙juu sa˙shokuba˙° sa˙sokyùunyuu zà˙do sa˙pàisha
sa˙äe˙doo° za˙shomìmai sa˙zoku° sa˙doìcchi sa˙bàizu
sà˙juu sà˙sho sa˙jìru° sa˙sobò˙be sa˙doicchìma˙ sa˙paini˙°
sa˙jùushi sa˙shi˙° sa˙somàsÎku sa˙tòo° sa˙baimè
198 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

sabaäàrasu sa˙bu˙° sa˙me˙kìji za˙rui° consideration


sa˙pakùäa˙ sà˙pu˙ sa˙me˙kyoo° sa˙rùishu jia˙°
sa˙bashi° sa˙bù˙shi sa˙me˙ròppi sa˙rùida shia˙äao°
sa˙basoo° sa˙bu˙teki° sa˙mòosaku sa˙rùufu shìan naäèkubi
sa˙patsu° sa˙bu˙noichì sà˙mo˙ sa˙ree°, -ei° shìi
sa˙patsuya° sa˙bu˙nonì sa˙mo˙shòosetsu sa˙retsu° atten- jìi
sa˙bàyaku° sà˙peki sa˙mò˙ba˙° dance, presence jiiài
sa˙baràäami° sa˙betsu° sa˙mo˙bù˙shi sà˙retsu three shiiaièe
sa˙ba˙° za˙pe˙° sà˙ya lines shiiiiòo
za˙pà˙° sa˙po° sà˙yaku sa˙rètsısha jiiù˙doo
sa˙ha˙k˜kà˙ sa˙boo° sa˙yùuka˙ sa˙rè˙shoo jiienupìi
sa˙ba˙mè sa˙pòo small sa˙yuuteee˙chòo sa˙roo° shiièmu°
sà˙bi wooden stand, sa˙yùkoku sa˙roku° shìika
sà˙pi three sides sà˙yo sà˙wari shiiku°
sa˙bika° sà˙poo moun- zà˙yo shì shìikuretto
sà˙pÏtsu° tain artillery sa˙yoo° moun- -shi: keirìshi, Shìizaa
sà˙byaku sa˙bòoka˙° tain shape shi˙bù˙shi, To- shiizaasàrada
sa˙byakùe˙ sa˙boosòochoo sa˙yòo° arithmetic kuäawàshi, na- shiisìido
sa˙byakudàiäe˙ sa˙boohò˙bu sa˙yooshi˙kà˙se˙ kıshi, yòmu- jìisa˙: ojìisa˙
sa˙byakùni˙ sa˙pòmichià sa˙yoosùuji shi, akàishi, shiishìi
sa˙byakùne˙ sà˙bo˙° sa˙yoose˙° shiròishi shiijìi
sa˙byakumà˙ sa˙bo˙ashi sa˙yòodoo jì jiìshÏki
sà˙byoo sa˙bo˙jime° sa˙yòka˙ -jì, -ji: shìizu˙
sa˙pyoo° sa˙bò˙jiro° sa˙yojìka˙ Kokubu˙jì, shiizu˙òfu
sa˙byòoshi sa˙ma° sà˙yokka Sè˙sooji diizeruè˙ji˙, jii-
sa˙pi˙° product sa˙mai° sa˙yodo° -ji: Kòoji, Kè˙ji shìisoo
sa˙pì˙ rolling sa˙maikyoo° sa˙yone˙° shiai° shiisoogèemu
three “ one in sa˙màiniku sa˙rai° jiai° love: gojìai shìitake
dice game sa˙maimè sa˙raku° jiài° formation shiitaäèru
zà˙pi˙° sa˙ma˙° loose, sa˙ra˙° shiàu shìitsu
sà˙bu careless sa˙rà˙ki shiaäari° shìite
sà˙pu sa˙mà˙ thirty sa˙ri° shiaäàru shiidìi
zà˙bu thosand Sa˙riku° shiaäe° shiidiiròmu
sa˙bugàsshoo sà˙mi Holy sa˙ryuu° third- jiaäe° shìito
sa˙bugàssoo Trinity class, third-rate shiaäèru shiitobèruto
sa˙bùkyoku sà˙mì sour taste sà˙ryuu three shiasàtte shiina°
sa˙pÎku° sà˙miittai, school, group, jiasÎtàaze shìinoki
sa˙pıkùtsui sà˙mi ittai sect shìataa shìinomi
sa˙bùsaku sa˙myaku° za˙ryuu° shiatsu° jiipa˙°
sa˙fuji˙ka° -sà˙myaku: Su- za˙ryuukòji shiatsuryòohoo jiipiièsu
sa˙butsu° zukasà˙myaku sa˙ryoo° jiàmari Jìipu
za˙butsu° sa˙mi˙shùäi za˙ryòo jiame° shiifùudo
sa˙bùtsùe zà˙mu sa˙ri˙° shiawase° shìiberuto
sa˙pura° za˙musèiri, sa˙rì˙sah shiawasemono° Shìibòruto
Sa˙fura˙shìsÎko za˙musèeri sa˙rì˙boo shia˙° personal shìimuresu
sa˙puri˙äu° sa˙mee°, -ei° sà˙rui acids proposal jìime˙
sà˙puru sa˙mè˙° sà˙rui° third base shìa˙ thought, jìiya
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 199

shiirakà˙su shìeki° shiosakì° shÏkà e shÏkakùi


shiiri˙äu° jèsÎchaa, zè- shiozàke sh˜kà e shÏkàkkee,
shìiru jètto shiòsaba° -shÏka°, -shÏka, shÏkakıkee
shiirudo° jettòki shiosame° -shÏka: nakùs- shÏkakÎshìkè˙
shiìru jettokìryuu shiozawa° hika°, yòmushÏ- jìäakujishuu
shiire° jettokòosÎtaa shiòji° ka, torìhshÏka°, shÏkakÎshìme˙
shiirechoo° jenerèesho˙ shìoshìo hanàshÏka jikakÎshòojoo
shiirenèda˙ shèpàado shiòzuke Shìäa° shiäakujòsee, -ei
shiirèru shèfu shìoze Shiäanàoya, Shi- shÏkakubàru
jiiro° jèrashii shiosè˙bee, -be äa° Nàoya shiäakùbu
shìi˙ scene shèrii shiodashì° shìäa shÏkake°
shii˙° sample, shèrutaa shiodachì° jìka° fire raging shÏkakehànabi
taste, conso- shèrupa shiodàmari jìka current shÏkakèru
nant, person shie˙° trial per- shiotarèru° price, recently Shiäàke˙
death cause formance, shiodokì° jìäa Shikàäo
jìi˙ grudge shionari° shìgaa Shiäakòoäe˙
jìi˙zu shìe˙° tobacco shionì shÏkài° visibility, shÏkàza˙
jìu smoke, support Shionomìsaki to preside, shÏkàshi
jiusu° jie˙° shiòbana° Dead Sea shÏkàjika
jiuta jè˙daa Shiòbara shiäai° cadaver jìäajisa˙
jiùtai jè˙toruma˙ ShiòbaratasÎke, shìäai streets, shÏkàshÏte
jiutàmai shiò: oshìo Shiòbara TasÎke° city, town shÏkashinàäara
shiuchi° shioài° shiohì jikai° self-disci- shÏkàshuu
shìu˙° shiòaji shiohìäari pline, to de- jikajùsee, -ei
jìu˙ shiòa˙° shiobikì° sintegrate jikajùfu˙
shiù˙te˙ shioà˙bai shiofÎkì° jìkai° next time jikajòohoo
shìe, shìi shioirì° shiofÎkìäai jìäai shÏkazu°
shèa shioèru shiomachì° shiäaikakùiki jikàzu°
shiee°, -ei° shioòshi° shiomàneki shÏkaigìi˙ jikasee°, -ei°
jiee°, -ei° shioosèru shiòmame shÏkàisha jikàse˙°
jièeka˙, -èi- self- shiokàäe˙ shiòmizu shiäaise˙° jikasè˙e˙
defense o‚cial shiòkaze shiomè shiäàichi jiäàzoo°
jièeka˙°, -èi- shiòäama shiòmono shiäaitsùuwa shÏkata°
Self-defense shiokara° shiomomi° shiäaidè˙wa jikata°
Force ship shiokarài shioyaki° shÏkàinami shÏkadàiäaku
jièeke˙, -èi- shiokaratò˙bo shiòyu shÏkaeesèeshi, -èi- shÏkatanài
jièesaku, -èi- shioki° shiorashìi shÏkaeshi° shÏkatabànashi
shieejùutaku, -ei- shiokiba° jiorama° shÏkàèsu jikatabi°, chÏka-
jieetai° shiokùmi shiori° jiäao° jiäàtame
sheipuàppu shiokuri° shiorìdo shikakàru jikadà˙pa˙
Jeeàaru shiokùru shiorìmo˙ shÏkaäawa° shiäachi°
shèekaa shiokè shioreru° shÏkaku° blind jikachùudoku
SheekÎsıpia shiokèmuri shìo˙ teacher spot, license, shÏkatsu°
shèedo° siokòshòo kindness sight shiäatsù°
shèebaa shiosai°, -zai° shìo˙° aster, daisy shÏkakù box jikatsu°
sheepuàppu shiozàkai jio˙° shìäaku shÏkàkkee, -ei
Jeerìiäu shiozàkana jio˙äo° jikaku° shiäatsubàka
200 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shÏkatsumerashìi shÏka˙° slack- shÏkiita° jikideshi° poetic inspira-


shÏkatsumò˙dai ness, moral shÏkiutsÎshi° shÏkite˙° tion, sample
shÏkàto laxness jikÏkàado jikide˙° o‡er
jikadòochaku sh˜kà˙ o‚cer shigìkai shÏkitoo° shÏkyòo° classic
shiäanài shÏkà˙° history shÏkikaku° shÏkìdoo° poetry
jìkani view shÏkiäami° jikÏtoo° sh˜kyòo bishop
jiäane° shìäa˙ shÏkiäawa° jikÏtòrihiki shiäyoo°
shÏkanèru jika˙°: ojìka˙ shÏkika˙° color shÏkìnoo jikyoo°
jikabaki° time sense jikinoo° jiäyoo° topogra-
jiäàbachi jìka˙ vice-mini- shÏkìka˙ com- shÏkinoshi° phy
jikahàtsude˙ ster: ichijìka˙ mander jikihàzure jìäyoo project
shÏkabane° jikà˙äai° shik˜ki˙ jikihÏtsu° jiäyooka°
shÏkaba˙° shÏka˙gàkkoo shÏkike˙° insight shÏkifu° shiäyòoshÏki
jikàbi° jikà˙kyuu° shikìke˙ autho- shÏkìbu jikyòojutsu
shÏkabùe° jika˙äire° rity shÏkifÎku° jiäyooshò°
jikamaki° shiäà˙sha shÏkìke˙hatsudoo shÏkibùto˙ jiäyooshìwake
shÏkami°: shÏka- jika˙tai° shÏkisai° shÏkibetsu° jiäyòonushi
mihìbachi jika˙hyoo° shÏkizaki° shÏkìboo° shÏkyoohi˙°
jiäami° shÏka˙bùrashi jikÏsa˙° shÏkìma shÏkyòku°
shiäamitsıku° shiäà˙hee, -ei shÏkisà˙ba jikimaki°, jika- shÏkìyoku°
shÏkamettsura° jika˙wari° shÏkishi° shÏkìmi° jìkyoku
shÏkamèru shÏki° mattress shÏkiji° shÏkimoo° jikira˙°
shÏkàmo shÏkì deposit jikijiki° shÏkimoku° shÏkiri°
jikayaki° sh˜kì morale, shÏkishìdai shÏkimono° shÏkiriäaki°
shiäayamaryuu° death time shÏkijitsu° jikimo˙° shÏkirishò°
jikayoo° -shÏki, ceremo- shÏkishima°: shÏ- shiäiyaki° shÏkirijoo°
jikayòosha ny, system: kishimano° shÏkyaku° shÏkirichoo°
shÏkarazù˙ba nyuuäakùshÏ- shÏkìsha jiäyaku° shÏkirinàoshi°
shÏkàraba ki, hootèeshÏki shÏkijaku° shiäyakÎsee°, -ei° shÏkirini°
shiäarami° -shÏki° style: ji- shÏkijoo° shÏkyuu° shÏkiriya°
shÏkari°: oshÏka- dooshÏki°, ge˙- shÏkijookyoo° jikyuu° shÏkìru
ri° scolding daishÏki° shÏkise°: oshikÏse° shÏkyùuäa˙ jikiwa°
shÏkàri yes, ex- shìäi shÏkìso shÏkyuukì˙shu shÏkiwara°
actly so jiki° immidiately jìkÏso° shÏkyuukòokÎtsu shÏki˙° close point
shÏkaritsÎkèru jìki season, jikÏsoo° shÏkyùushÏki shÏkì˙ fund
shÏkaritobàsu magnetism shÏkisokuzèkuu jikyuujisoku° shiäi˙°
shÏkare°: shÏka- -jiki°: tatamiji- shÏkidai° jikyuuse˙° shÏki˙kyòri
ranai°, shÏka- ki°, hyakujooji- shÏkidàtami jikyùusoo° shÏki˙äuri°
ròo, shÏkarimà- ki° shÏkitari° shÏkyuudè˙poo shÏkì˙seki
su, shÏkatte°, jìäi°: ojiäi° greet- jikitàrisu shÏkyuubyoo° shÏkì˙na˙
shÏkarèba, shÏ- ing jikida˙° shÏkyùubi˙° shÏkì˙ryoku
karè jìäi word mean- shÏkichi° shÏkyuuhoo° shÏku° to spread,
shÏkàruni ing, kid stu‡ shÏkichoo° jikyùuritsu to lay aout, to
shÏkarubèki jikiàrashi shÏkitsumèru jikyùuryoku cover: shÏka-
shÏkarubèku shÏkii° shÏkiteesa˙ba°, -ei- shÏkyo° nai°, shÏkòo, shÏ-
shìgarètto shÏkiiäoshi° jikidìsÎku jìkyo kimasu°, shiite°,
shÏkàredomo shÏkiishi° jikÏtèepu shÏkyoo° market, shÏkèba, shÏkè
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 201

sh˜kù poem shiäekìbutsu leg stomps jikòshi shÏsai° poetry


phrase, muni- shìäeku shìko beckoning shìäojìka˙ talent
cipal district Shìäeko shìäo sh˜koshÏko shÏsai°, shìsai
jìku words shÏkekomu° jìko jikosh˜ho˙ details, rea-
jikù axis, roll shìäeshìäe jìäo jikoshòokai sons, meaning
jikuashi° shÏketsu° jikoà˙ji jiäoshòodaku shìzai death
jikuu° jiketsu° shÏkoìwashi shiäòse˙° penalty
jikuukè° shÏketsùzai° jiäoe° jikosè˙de˙ shìzai° private
jikuäì° shiäemì° shÏkoo° shÏkotama° property
shiäusa° shiäerì jikoo° prescrip- ShÏkòtsıko jisai°
jìguzagu° shiäeriàu° tion shiäoto° jizài°
jìkuji shÏkèru° jìkoo matters shiäotòäi° jizàikaäi
sh˜kushÏku Shiäeru° jìäoo shiäotòshi jizàkai
shikujirì° shigèru: shiäerà- shÏkookÏsòku shiäotoppuri°, jizàkana
shÏkujìru nai, shiäeròo, shÏkoosàkuäo -oburi° shÏsaku°
jikùzure shiäerimàsu, shÏkòoshÏte shiäotoba° jisaku°
jigusoopàzuru shiäètte, shiäè- jiäoojìtoku°, shiäotohàjime jisakùnoo
jiäuchi° reba, shiäère jìäoo jitoku° shiäotobeya° jizake°
shÏkutsu° shÏke˙° opinion shÏkoosee°, -ei° shiäotòryoo jisashıkki˙
shìäunaru° shÏkè˙° personal shikòotee, -ei° shÏkòna° shÏsatsu°
shÏkuhàkku right shÏkòobi shÏkonashi° jisatsu°
jikùbari shiäe˙° shÏkòohi˙° shÏkonàsu jisatsujisatsùu-
shìäuma jìke˙ shiäòobi˙ shiäònichi ki˙
shÏkumi° jiäe˙° manifesta- shiäokai° shiäone˙° jisatsÎkòoi
shÏkùmu tion jikokàihatsu jikohàsa˙ shÏsatsùda˙
jiäùmo° jìäe˙° period shiäokàgetsu jikoh˜ha˙ jisaboke°
jikùmono° -jìäe˙: ichijìäe˙ jikokà˙ketsu jikobù˙seki shizama°
shÏkuràme˙ shiäe˙enerugìi- shiäoki°: shiäo- shiäohe˙° shÏsàru
shiäure° choo kiòbi jikobè˙äo shÏsa˙° test cal-
shiäureni° shÏkè˙ka˙° test shiäokì° shiäoho˙° culation
shiäurehamàäuri tube ShÏkòku jikomà˙zoku sh˜sa˙° property
shiäurèru° shÏkè˙ka˙ exa- shìäoku° ex- shÏkomi° shìza˙°
shÏkù˙shi miner tremely shÏkomizùe jisa˙°
shÏkè jike˙k˜shà shÏäòku to train shÏkòmu shÏsa˙ka°
jiäe° fuzz shÏke˙jìäoku severely jikomùju˙ jisa˙ki˙°
jìäe underground shÏke˙jò° jìkoku time shÏkome° shÏsa˙kòokai
shÏkee°, -ei° shÏke˙joo° jìkoku° one's jikomè˙eki jisà˙ni˙°
shÏkèe, -èi° jiäe˙sıtò country shÏkori° shìshi
shiäee°, -ei° shÏke˙zumi° jiäokù jikoryuu° shìji support,
jikee°, -ei° shÏke˙dai° shÏkokÎch˜hòo shÏkòru° lost child
shÏkèezai, -èi- shÏke˙teki° jikokÎhyoo° jikòru shìji, shìiji at
shÏkèeshuu, -èi- jiäe˙bàkuda˙ shÏkokÎhè˙ro shÏkoro° four
jikèeda˙, -èi- shÏkè˙bi jiäokùmimi° shÏko˙° jìshi
Shiäeo° shÏke˙bè˙kyoo jikokè˙o jìko˙ jìji current e-
shiäeki° shÏke˙mò˙dai jikokè˙ji shiäò˙chi vents
shìäekìzai° shÏke˙yàsumi shÏäokòochoku shìsa jìjì grandfather
shiäekÏsee°, -ei° shÏkò sumo-style shiäosatsu° jìsa shÏshìide˙,
202 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

-shì˙de˙ jishàkabu shishÎtsù- attendant manai°, shizu-


shÏshiòo shìshaku jishÎteki° jìshi˙ by myself mòo, shizumi-
shÏshiòdoshi shijìyaku jishÎtore° jiji˙° suicide by màsu, shizu˙-
shÏshiäàshira jishaku° shijihòoshoo sword de°, shizumè-
shÏshìku jijaku° shiju˙° jìji˙ generation ba, shizumè°
jijikÎsài shìshagonyu, shì- jiju˙° shÏshì˙kee, -ei shizumeru° to
jìjikokkoku sha gonyuu° shÏshù˙ki jishi˙kee°, -ei° sink
shijìsha jishabùäyoo shìsho jishì˙koku shizumèru calm
shìshÏshi˙chuu- shÏshamo° shìjo shÏshì˙de˙, shÏ- jizura°
nomushi shìshu jìsho dictionary shìide˙ shÏsùru
shijìsoo jìshu° to surren- jìsho° signature jishi˙ba˙° jisùru
shìshÏso˙so˙, der jìjo shìzu shÏsee°, -ei° mu-
shishÏ so˙so˙ jìshu autonomy shÏshoo° injured jìsu nicipal organi-
shishÏtsu° private shÏshuu° shìshoo, shÏshòo shÏsui° za tion, posture
room shìjuu from be- teacher shìzui shìsee, -ei° life “
shìshÏtsu° one's gining to end shijoo° jisui° death
nature shijùu° fourty jishoo° to pro- shÏsùu sh˜see, shìsee sin-
shìjitsu° jishuu° self-tea- claim oneself jisùu cerity, devotion
jishÏtsu° ching jìshoo° phenom- shizue° shìzee°, -ei°
jìjitsu jìshuu° next week enon Shizùoka jisee°, -ei° natual
jijitsùushi˙ jijuu° jìshoo following Shizuokàke˙ growth, self-
jijitsujoo° shijùukata chapter Shizuokàshi control, mag-
jijitsùda˙ shijùukara jijoo° shìzuka netism
shÏshìppana, -ìpa- shijuukùnichi, shijookàkaku shizukagòze˙ jìsee°, -ei° day, age
jìjitsumuko˙, -kù˙chi shÏshòokÎtsu Shizuäàtake shÏseeè˙zetsu, -ei-
jujitsu muko˙ shijuushÏchìshi shijooäè˙ri shizukù shÏsèekatsu, -èi-
shishÏtoo° shijùushoo jijoosàyoo shizukèsa shÏsèeka˙, -èi-
jìjìbaba shijùusoo jijoojìbaku Shìzuko shÏsèeke˙, -èi-
shijihyoo° shijùudai shÏshòosha shÏsuäòsu shÏsèeji, -èi-
shìshÏfu˙ji˙, shì- jijùuchoo shÏshòosetsu shìzushizu jisèeshi˙, -èi-
shÏ fu˙ji˙° shijùudo shijoochòosa shìsÎtaa jisèechi, -èi-
shijima° shijùunichi shijoomèeree, -ei shisÎtemach˜kku shÏseehàäaki, -ei-
shÏshimai° shijùuni˙ shÏshoku° shìsÎtemu shÏseehòoshi˙, -ei-
shijimi° shijùune˙ jishoku° shisÎtemuèraa jisèeryoku, -èi-
shijimìäai shijuuhàtte jishokunèäai shisÎtemuk˜c- shÏseki°tartar
shijimijìru shÏshuubyoo° jijòde˙ chi˙, -k˜chi˙ shÏseki°, shìseki
jijimusài jishuk˜see, -ei shÏshòbako shisÎtemushòo- historical site
jijimò˙dai shÏshuku°, shi- shijìritsu äai jiseki° self-re-
shÏsha°, shìsha shÎku° shÏshi˙° jisÎtè˙paa proach
preview shìjuku° shiji˙° private jisÎtoma° jìseki° achieve-
shìsha, shÏshà jishÎku° citizen, poet jisùberi ment
branch o‚ce, jishıkè˙ shìji˙ samurai jisumàaku jisèdai
messenger, jishÎkòoe˙ jishi˙° earthqua- shizumarikàeru shìsetsu private
envoy, dead jishÎsee°, -ei° ke, self-confi- shizumàru secretary
person shÏshutsu°, shi- dence, mag- shizumi° shìsetsu, shÏsètsu
jìsha shÎtsu° netic needle shizumikòmu envoy, delega-
shÏshakai° shÏshutsùdaka, jìshi˙° courtier, shizumu°: shizu- tion, instruc-
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 203

tion, facilities jìsoo° form shÏtaäutsu° shÏtateaäèru°


jisetsu° one's jizòo°: ojizoosàmà jìtai the thing shÏtakubeya° shÏtateòroshi°
opinion shÏsooka° itself shÏtagèeko, -èi- shÏtatenàoshi°
jìsetsu season, shÏsòokai jidai° shÏtakè˙bu˙ shÏtatenaäe°
times, occasion jizooäao° -musumejìdai, jidàko shÏtatemono°
jisetsuäara° shÏsoodà˙tai tokuäawajìdai shÏtaäòkoro shÏtateya°
shÏsetsushÏshòba- shÏsootòosoo jidaiòkure shÏtaäòshirae shÏtatèru
ko shÏsoonòoroo jidaiäakàru shÏtasaki° shÏtadori°
shÏsetsùda˙ shÏsòoha˙ shidaiäaki° shÏtasaku° shÏtanaäa°
shÏsèru jizoobòsatsu jidaikà˙kaku shÏtazàrai shÏtanàmèzuri
shÏse˙° shisòorasu jidàiäeki shÏtazàwari° shÏtani°
Shìse˙ shìsoku four ba- jidaisàkuäo shÏtaji°: oshÏtàji shÏtanui°
shize˙° sic arithmetic shidaishìdai° shidashi° shÏtanuri°
jise˙° operations jidaishùäi shÏtashìi shÏtane°
jize˙° shìsoku, shÏsòku jidaishòosetsu shÏtajiki° shÏtanone
shize˙ìsa˙ your son: go- jidàishoku shÏtàshÏku shÏtaba°
jize˙ù˙doo shÏsoku jidàisoo shÏtashìäoto shÏtabae°
jize˙ka° shìzoku shidaini° shÏtashimì° shÏtabaki°
shizè˙kai jisoku° to be jidaimàtsuri shÏtashìmu jìtabata
shize˙kàäaku satisfied jidaimono° shÏtajime° shÏtabàtaraki
jize˙kyòoäi jìsoku° speed shÏtàu° shidashiya° shÏtahara°
jize˙kòoäyoo per hour shÏtauke° shÏtajù˙bi shÏtabari°
shize˙shùäi jizoku° shÏtaùkeoi shÏtajoku° shÏtabi°
shizè˙ji˙ shÏsokonai° shÏtaukekòoji shÏtashìrabe° shÏtabìrame
shizè˙suu shÏsokonàu shÏtaùchì shÏtazu° jitama°: jitamàäo
shize˙sùuhai shìsotsu, shÏsòtsu shÏtaùchiawase° shidàsu shÏtamae°
shize˙tai° shÏsomaki° shÏtae° shÏtazumi° shÏtamachi°
jize˙dà˙tai shìso˙ shÏtaeda° shÏtasòoda˙ shÏtamachÏfuu°
shize˙tòota jiso˙° shÏtaoshi° shÏtadai° shÏtamàbuta
jize˙nàbe shÏso˙ji° shÏtaobi° shÏtàtaka° shÏtamàwari°
shize˙hàkka shÏso˙jìru shÏtaäàu shÏtatakamonò° shÏtamawàru°
shizè˙bi jisò˙shi˙ shÏtaäàeru° shÏtatamèru shÏtami° prepa-
shize˙byòosha shÏta° below shÏtaäaki° shÏtataràsu ration
shizè˙butsu shÏtà tongue shÏtakàäe° shÏtatàrazu shÏtami prelimi-
shize˙hoo° shìda shÏtaäàsane° shÏtatarì° nary inspection
shize˙hòäo jìta shÏtakata° shÏtatàru shÏtamuki°
shize˙hòdoo jìda shÏtaäàtte° jidatsu° shÏtame°
shizè˙ryoku shÏtaaäo° shÏtaäane° shÏtatsùzumi ShÏtaya°
shÏso° beefsteak shÏtaaji° shÏtaäari° shÏtattàrazu shÏtayaku°
plant shÏtaàrai shÏtaäi° shÏtattarùi° shÏtayude°
shìso founder shÏtai° cadaver shÏtaäiki° shÏtappa° shÏtayomi°
shÏsoo° princi- shÏtài° figure, shÏtakirisùzume shÏtappara° jidàraku°
ple, poetical pose shÏtaku° shÏtatsùyu° shÏtariäao°
imagination shidai° jitaku° shÏtate°tailori˙g shidarè
shÏsòo° seal of -shìdai: kaneshì- shÏtakıki˙° shÏtate°, -de° shidarezàkura
death dai, dekÏshìdai shÏtakÎsa°, -ä- lower place shidareyànaäi
shizoo° jitai° character shÏtakıchìbiru shÏtateaäari° shidarèru
204 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shÏtawashìi° rebirths shÏchiyà° sev- shÏtsuuhattatsu° shÏkki˙°


sh˜tà˙ shÏchìshoo pawn enth day of jitsueki° sh˜kku
shida˙° to refuse broker newborn child jitsue˙° shÏkkui°
shìda˙° poetic jich˜shoo shÏchìya pawn- shÏkka° acciden- shÏtsukùsu, shÏ-
circles shÏchìshoku shop tal fire tsÎkùsu
shìda˙ division jichÏsee°, -ei° shÏchaku° sh˜kka below shÏkkùri
jita˙° shÏchìseki° shÏchakùshÏtsu knee jikkùri
jìda˙° shÏchisè˙ shÏchuu° prop jikka° shÏkke°
jidà˙da shÏchise˙ni˙° shÏchùu° to ster shÏkkài° shÏtsuke°
shidà˙choo jichÏtai° shÏchùu in the shÏtsùäai shÏkkèe, -ei°
shÏchìa to pawn shÏchìda˙ city jukkài°, ji- shÏtsuäee°, -ei°
sh˜chì place to jichidà˙tai shÏchuugì˙koo jitsuäai° jikkee°, -ei°
die shÏchìte˙ shÏchuèesho˙ shÏkkaku° shÏtsukeìto
jìchi shÏchite˙hàkki jìcho jitsuäaku° shÏkketsu°
shÏchiirè° shÏchite˙battoo° shÏchoo° trend of jukkàäetsu, ji- jitsùäetsu°
shÏchiukè° shÏchìdo thought, audi- jitsÎkata° shÏtsukebàri
shÏchie˙° shÏchìdoo tion shÏkkàto shÏkkeru°
shÏchikài shÏchìdoogàra˙ shÏchòo mayor, jikkàne˙ shÏtsukèru
jich˜kài shÏchinàäare military sup- jitsÎkabu° shÏkke˙°
shÏchikàiki shÏchìna˙ plies shÏkkàri shÏtsuäe˙°
shÏchikàäetsu shÏchìni˙ shÏchiyoo° shÏkkarimonò° jikke˙°
shÏchiäatsù shÏchìne˙ jichoo° to be pru- shÏkkaròoru jitsuäe˙°
shÏchikàne˙ shÏchinè˙ki dent, self-scorn JitsÎkàwae˙ja- jikke˙gèkijoo
shÏchìäusa° shÏchìhachi jìchoo° vice-chief ku, JitsÎkàwa jikkè˙shÏtsu
shÏchikudòi shÏchìba˙ shÏchòokaku È˙jaku jikke˙shòosetsu
shÏchìke˙ shÏchihyakùni˙ shÏchookakÎ- shÏkka˙° jikke˙dai°
jich˜ke˙ shÏchìhyakumà˙ kyòoiku shÏtsuka˙° jikke˙yoo°
shÏchiäòsa˙° shÏchìbyoo shÏchòosha jikka˙° actual shÏkko°
shÏchiäochoo° shÏchìbu shÏchòoso˙ feeling shÏtsuäo°
shÏchìäo˙ shÏchifÎkùji˙ shÏchòoritsu jikkà˙, ju- celes- shÏtsukòi, -ukkòi
shÏchiäo˙zèkku shÏchibusà˙bu shÏchòku° tial stem shÏkkoo°
shÏchìsai shÏchibuzuki° ShÏchiriäàhama shÏkki° jikkoo°
shÏchisa˙° shÏchibùsode jichìryoo shÏtsùäi shÏkooìi˙
shÏchìji shÏchìfuda shÏchìri˙ jitsÎkì° shÏkkooiì˙kai
shÏchijìka˙ shÏchìfu˙ ShÏchiroo° jìtsuäi jikkooka°
shÏchishÏchìnichì shÏchihè˙äe Jichìroo shÏtsùäiootoo shÏkook˜kà˙
shÏchijìssai, -jù- shÏchihoo° jichì˙sai shÏkkyaku° shÏkkooteeshi°, -ei-
shÏchijùu° shÏchìho˙ shÏchi˙chì° shÏtsuäyoo° shÏkkòobu
shÏchijùue˙ shÏchìmai shÏtsu° nature jikkyoo° shÏkkooyùuyo
shÏchishùuki shÏchimà˙ shÏtsu room jitsuäyoo° jikkòoryoku
shÏchijuugòni- shÏchìmi jitsù jitsuäyooka° shÏkkoku°
chi, -ò˙chi shÏchìmise° jitsuaku° jitsuäyòokai jikkokÎtòoäe
shÏchijuunichì° shÏchimuzuka- sh˜tsùi shÏtsuäyòosha shÏtsuäòshoo°
shÏchijùuni˙ shìi° jìtsùi shÏtsuäyootàisaku jitsùäoto
shÏchijùune˙ shÏchime˙choo° jitsui˙° jikkyoohòosoo jitsuäotòshi
shÏchijùuma˙ shÏchime˙dòo shÏtsuo˙° shÏtsuäyoohòke˙ jikko˙°
shÏchìshoo° seven shÏchìmotsu° shÏtsuu° shÏtsuäyòoritsu jissai° practices,
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 205

the fact jissetsu° jitto° shÏppokuryòori shÏtèeseki, -èi-


jùssai, jì- ten shÏtsuzetsu° shÏttoo° shÏppòri shidekàsu
years old jissè˙°, ju- jitsudoo° jìppo˙ shÏtèkabu°
jitsuzai° jisse˙kyuukoo° jitsudoojìka˙ jitsumai° shÏteki°
jissaiteki° shìsso jittokù°, ju jitsùmyoo° jiteki°
jitsuzàiro˙ shÏssoo° shÏtsudòkee°, -ei° shÏtsùmu shitezure°
shÏssaku° jissòo° shÏttòshi˙ jìtsùmu shÏtetsu°
jissaku° jitsuzoo° shÏttòri shÏtsumujìka˙ shÏtebàshira
shìsshi° shÏssoku° jittòri shÏtsumee°, -ei° shÏtemìruto
shÏtsùji° jissoku° shÏtsùnai jitsumee°, -ei° shÏteyaru°
jisshi° enforce- jitsuzo˙° shÏtsunàiäaku shÏtsumèeshi, -èi- shÏte˙°
ment, one's jitsuzo˙shùäi jitsùni shÏtsumo˙° shide˙°
real (older) sh˜ttà shÏtsune˙° shÏtsumo˙zeme° jite˙° rotation,
sister, one's shÏttai° jitsune˙° shÏtsuyoo° dictionary
own child jittai° jìppaa jitsuyoo° jìte˙° point in
jìsshi, jù- ten jittaichòosa shÏppai° jitsuyooshùäi time
fingers shÏttakaburì° jìppa hÏtòkara- jitsuyooshì˙a˙ jide˙°
shÏtsujitsu° shÏttatsu° äe, jù- jitsuyooteki° jite˙sha°
jisshÏtsu° shÏttàtsùri shÏppi° jitsuyoohi˙° jite˙shasòoäyoo
jisshÏtsuchì˙äi˙ shÏttà˙ jippi° cost jitsuyoomuki° shÏtè˙choo
jisshÏtsuteki° jitsuda˙° jìppi° truth shÏtsurài° shÏte˙nòo
jissha° jitsuda˙shàäeki shÏppitsu° shÏtsuràèru shÏte˙nòoji
jisshàkai shÏcchi° bog, shÏppu° shÏtsuràkùe˙ sh˜tò
jisshuu° swamp jippu° jìtsuri shÏtoo°
jisshùusee, -ei sh˜cchi° lost po- shÏppùu° shÏtsùryoo shidoo° to start,
jisshùunyuu sition jitsubutsu° jitsuryoku° coaching, road
jisshùune˙, ju- jicchi° jitsubutsudai° jitsuryokÎkòoshi shìdoo teacher's
jisshÎkyòoäi, ju- jicchÏkè˙shoo jitsubutsÎtòrìhÏki jitsuryòkısha duty, chivalry,
shÏtsuju˙° shÏcchitai° jìppu˙, jù- jitsuryokÎshùäi samurai code,
shÏsshoo° jicchuuhàkku shÏppèe, -èi shÏtsùree, -ei subject
jisshoo° shÏcchoo° shÏppee°, -ei° jitsuree°, -ei° jitoo°
jitsujoo° shÏtsùchoo° shÏppeäàeshi, -ee-, shÏtsure˙° jidoo° automatic
jisshooshùäi jicchoku° -ei- jitsuroku° jìdoo children
jisshooteki° shÏttsui° Jippè˙sha ìkku jitsuwa° true shidòoi˙
shÏsshoku° shÏtsukkòi shÏppò story jidooäa°
shÏsshi˙° jittè°, ju- jìtsubo° real jitsùwa in real- jidookàisatsu
jusshì˙hoo°, ji- jittee°, -ei° one's mother ity jidòoka˙
jissùu brother jìtsubo land area shÏte° jidookùrabu
jitsùzuki jittèe°, -èi° hon- shÏtsuboo° shidè jidòoäeki
shÏssùru° est, sincere shÏppoo° shÏtee°, -ei° one's jidookè˙shoo
shÏssee°, -ei° shÏtsuteki° jippoo° cartridge private house shidòoshi
jissee°, -ei° shÏtte˙° jippòo, ju- the sh˜tèe, sh˜tèi° jidooshÏki°
jissèekatsu, -èi- shÏtsude˙° ten directions master “ disci- shidòosha
shÏsseeshokùbu- shÏchite˙battoo°, shÏppooyaki° ple jidoosha°
tsu, -ei- shÏtte- shÏtsuboku° jitee°, -ei° jidooshòojuu
shÏsseki° shÏttò° shÏppoku° sh˜tii jidoosèeäyo, -èi-
jisseki° shÏtsùdo jitsubosa˙° shÏtiimàraso˙ jidootèate
206 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

jidooteki° shinaäo° shìnikaru jinè˙do field


jidoopha˙bàiki shinasàdame shinikawàru shìno jibà° local, local
jidoofÎkush˜hoo° shinajiikòoka shinikirènai shinoo° industry
jidoofùrikomi shinàjina shiniäiwa° shìnookooshoo shìhai, shÏhai°
jidoobù˙äaku shinashìrabe shiniku° shinoäì trophy, paper
shidoohòoshi˙ shinasu° shinikùi shinoäiyòi reverse side
shidooyòoryoo shinasoba° shinikùe˙° shinokirì shìhai, shÏhài
shidòoryoku shinazòroe shiniäèshoo shinòäu direction,
shidokenài shinadama° shinizama° shinokoshi° manage, white
shÏtoäèru shinadarekakàru shinishòozoku shinokòsu supremacy
shidokorò° shinadarèru° shinise° shìnogono shibai°
sh˜tòshÏto shinachÏku° shinizokonai° jinoshì° shÏhàika
jìtojito shinanabe° shinisokonàu shìnòze˙ shÏhaikàikyuu
shÏtodaru° Shìnano shinitai° shinòdake shibaiäi°
shÏtodò Shinanòäawa shinitàèru shinodàzushi shibaiäoya°
Shìdonii Shinanomachi° shìnikku shinodamaki° shÏhàisha
shÏtone° shinabiru° shinidoki° Shinonome° shibàijaya
shÏtomi° shinamono° shinidoko°, shìnohai jibàiseki
shÏtomèru shìnamo˙ -dokoro° Shinobazu° shÏhàini˙
shÏtòyaka shinamo˙ròoru shiniba° Shinobazunoike° shibainu°
shÏtori° shinàyaka shinihaji° Shinobaseru° shÏhàisoo
jidori° home- jinàrashi shinibasho° shinobi°: oshino- shibaibànashi
bred chicken jinarì° shinihatèru bi° shibaimono°
jidorì° land shinario° shinibana° shinobiai° Shibaura°
demarcation shinarioràitaa shinimi° shinobìashi shibàebi°
shÏtoru° shinaryòori shinimizu° shinobiàruki shibàäaki
shidoromòdoro° shinawake° shinime° shinobiìru shibakarì
shÏtòro˙ shìna˙ instruc- shinimonoäùrui shinobiäàeshi jihaku°
shina°a˙ article, tion shiniwakare° shinobiäatài jibaku°
goods, quality shìna˙° most shiniwakarèru shinobiäòe shibakÎsa°
shinà° coquetry di‚cult shini˙° shinobiäoto° shibàäuri
-shina°: kaerishi- jìna˙ jini˙° shinobikòmu Shibakòoe˙
na° shina˙jò° shinu°: shina- shinobidèru shibazàkura
shìnai shinà˙ba˙ nai°, shinòo, shinobinài jibasà˙äyoo
jìnai shinà˙yaku° shinimàsu, shinobinaki° shìbashi
shinaitsùuwa shìnia shi˙de°, shinè- shinobìne° shìbashiba
Shinaihà˙too shiniato° ba, shinè shinobinomonò shÏpàshÏpa
shinàu shiniisòäu jinushi° shinobiyaka shÏhajimèru
shinausu° shiniokure° shinumonobì˙- shinobiyòru° shÏhasu°
shinaoshi° shiniokurèru boo shinobiwàrai shibasu°
shinaäaki° shiniäao° jinèzumi shinòbu Shibàse˙
shinakàzu° shinikakàru jinetsu° shinòbùe Shìbata Katsùie
shinaäara°, -g- shinigàkùmo˙ shìnema shinobùäusa jìhada°
Shinaäawa° shinikakèru shinemasÎkòopu shiba° lawn, shibatatàku
Shinaäawàku shinikata° shinerama° brushwood shibachi°
jinaki° shiniäane° shineraria° shìba dead-horse shÏhatsu°
shinaäire° shiniäami° jine˙jo° jìbà magnetic jihatsu°
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 207

jihatsÎteki° pense shìbushÏ four pieces shibookòokoku


shibahara° shìbi shibuita° shìbu˙° poetry jiboojìki, jiboo°
shibafu° jìhi° shibuùchìwa “ prose jìki
shibàbue jìbi shifo˙kèeki shìbu˙ samurai shÏhoosh˜kè˙
Shibamata° shìbìa shibuò˙pu status shibòoshÏtsu
shibayama° jibìiru shibùäaki jibu˙°: gojibu˙° shibòosha
jibara° jibii˙kooka° sibugàsshoo oneself, I shÏhòoshoo
shÏharai° jibika° shibùkami° jìbu˙° time, sea- shÏhooshòshi
shÏharaitèäata jibikì diction- shibukawa° son, opportu- shÏhòoji˙
shÏharaini˙° ary shìbukì nity shÏhoosèedo, -èi-
shÏharàìbi jibikì° seine shifÎku° plain jibu˙kàtte shibootòdoke
shÏharàu fishing clothes, su- jibu˙äara° shÏhòohai
shibàraku jibikiami° preme bliss jibu˙gòretsu shÏhòo happòo
shibarakuburì° jihÏshùppa˙ shìfÎku° paper jibù˙shi shiboobùtori
shibariaäèru° jihìshi˙ width jibu˙jìshi˙ shibòobu˙
shibarìkubi jihÏshi˙choo° shibùku shibù˙sho shibòoritsu
sibaritsÎkèru° shihÏtsu° New jìfÎku jibù˙tachi shibomu°
Shibaryootaroo°, Year first writ- jibùkuro° jibu˙doki° shiborì
Shiba° Ryoota- ing shibuäònom jibu˙mochi° shiboriaäèru°
roo° shìhÏtsu writing jìpÎshii shìbe shiborikàsu
shibàru: shiba- jihÏtsu° shìbushibu° shìhee, -ei shiborikòmu°
rànai, shiba- shibito° jifùshì˙ jiheeshoo°, -ei- shiborizome°
ròo, shibari- jihìbiki shibùcha° jìbeta shiboridashi°
màsu, shibàtte, jihibukài shibuchoo shibetsu° shiboridàsu°
shibàre shÏhyakÎshìbyoo shibutsu° Shiberia°, -iya° shiboritate°
shibàre shÏhyoo° jìbutsu shìhe˙ all sides shiboritòru°
shÏha˙° market, shìbyoo° shibutsıka° shìhe˙, shÏhe˙° shibòru: shibo-
purple spot jihyoo° jibutsudoo° piece of paper, rànai, shibo-
shìha˙ instruc- jibyoo° jifÎteria°, -iya° book of poems, ròo, shiborimà-
tor, model shibyòoshi shìfÎto Psalms su, shibòtte,
jiba˙°, ju- shibirè shibutòi shibe˙° shibòreba, shi-
under-kimono shibireäùsuri shibunukì° jìhe˙ bòre
jìba˙° ground shibirèru jifùbuki jibe˙° shÏho˙°
shÏha˙gàkkoo shibi˙° shibumì shÏhè˙kee, -ei shÏho˙ka°
shÏhà˙ki shìfu Shibuya° shÏhoo° greatest shÏho˙ki˙°
jihà˙ki shìbu branch Shibuyàku treasure, priva- shÏho˙shùäi
shÏhà˙äi˙ o‚ce shibùru te law shÏho˙bàshira
shÏha˙sèeki, -èi- shibù astringen- shiburoku° shìhoo, shÏhoo° shÏhò˙ro˙
shÏhà˙dai° cy shÏfu˙° personal judiciary shìma demon
jiba˙chì˙ka jìfu a‡ectionate grudge shÏhòo, shìhoo in of death
shÏha˙byoo° father shÏfu˙°, shìfu˙ all directions shimà island,
shÏhà˙bù˙ jìfu° self-confi- rouge “ pow- shìboo stripes
shìhi inscribed dence der, cosmetics jihoo° -shima: ItsÎkù-
with a poem shibùi: shìbu- shìfu˙ four shÏhòoka˙ shima, Sadoäà-
monument katta, shìbu- minutes shibòoka˙ shima
shìhi, shÏhi° at ku, shibùkÎte, shibu˙° to shÏhòoke˙ -jima°: Sakuraji-
personal ex- shìbukereba, divide into shibòokoo ma°
208 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shimaài° shimàbito° shimitòoru shimeetòohyoo, close: shimè-


shimàaji shimahebi° shiminùki° -ei- nai, shimeyòo,
shimai°: oshi- jimama° shimyurèesho˙ shimekàzari shimemàsu,
mai° end Shimamurahòo- shimiru° shimèäane° shìmete, shimè-
shìmai: oshìmai äetsu, Shima- -jimìru: kÏchiäa- shimèäi reba, shimèro
Noh dance mura° ijimìru shimekiri° -shimèru all,
jimai° Hòoäetsu shimiwatàru shimekirijìkoku complete:
shimaikòmu shimamè shìmi˙ shimekirìbi kawashimèru,
shimaitòshi shimamèäuri shimi˙ù˙doo shimekìru yomashimèru
shimaiyu° shimàmono shimi˙kàikyuu shimekÎkuri° shime˙° death
shimau° shimamòme˙ shimì˙ke˙ shimekÎkùru° mask
shimàuma°, shimamòyoo shimi˙shàkai shimekomi° shìme˙ (page)
-mà˙ma° shimàmori simì˙zee, -ei shimekòmu space
jimae° shimayàburi Jimi˙too°: jiyùu- shimekoròsu° jìmenì
shìmaokÎsoku, shìmari mi˙shÎtoo, ji- shimèsaba shime˙sòka, shì-
shìma okÎsoku° shimariya° yùu mi˙shÎtoo° shimeshì° me˙ sòka
shimaòrìmono shimàru: shima- shimi˙nòoe˙ shìmeji° shime˙tai°
shimàka rànai, shima- shimi˙byòoi˙ shimeshiawasèru° shimò
shimakàäe° ròo, shimari- jìmu jìmejime -shìmo: koreshi-
shimaäara°, -g- màsu, shimàt- jimùi˙ shimesu° to mois- mo, dàreshimo
jimaku° te, shimàreba, jimuka° ten shimòosa
shimàäuni shimàre jimùka˙ shimèsu to say, shimoäàkari
shimaäunikò˙joo jimàwari jimùkyoku to show, to shimoäakàru
ShimàzakÏ Tòo- jima˙° shimuke° read, to indi- shimoäare°
son, Shimaza- jima˙tarashìi jimukèitoo, -kèe- cate, to regis- shimoäarèdoki°
kÏtòoso˙ jima˙bànashi shimukèru ter shimoäarèru°
shimàjima shimà˙rokÎsè˙- jìmushi° shimesÎhe˙° shimòki
Shìmazu Narià- nichi jimujìka˙ shìmeta ShimokÏtahà˙too
kira shimi° jimùshÏtsu shimedàiko jìmoku
shimazùtai jìmi tastiness jimùsho shimèdaka shimoäèru
shimazùbo˙ jimì plain liv- jimùchoo shimedashi° shimoäoe°
shimasòdachi ing, quiet col- jimuteki° shimedàsu shimoza°
Shìmada° ors jimùhi shimetsu° shimòzama°
shimàdai shumìizu, shi- jimùfÎku jimetsu° shimòjimo
shimadakùzushi shimiìru jimùya shimetsÎke° shimoseki°
shìmatsu shimikòmu jimuyoo° shimetsÎkèru° shimoda°
shimatsısho° shimijìmi jimuyòohi˙ shimeppòi° shimotakàido
shimàtta shimizu° shimè shìmete shimotaya°
shimatsuya° Shìmizu shimeaäèru° shimènawa° shimodàrai
shimanàäashi Shimizutò˙neru shimee°, -ei° de- shimèyaka shimòtsÎki
shimanukè° shimidàsu signation shimerasu° shimòtsÎke˚ Shi-
Shìmane jimichi° shìmee, -ei mis- shimeri° shimotè°
Shimanèke˙ shimitsıku sion, name shimerike° shimotò°
Shimàbara shimittare° jimee°, -ei° shimeru° to jimotò°
Shimabarahà˙- shimittarèru° shimèeka˙, -èi- become damp shimodokè°
too shimidèru shimèeke˙, -èi- shimèru to mo- shimotòrì
Shimahà˙too shimidòofu shimeetèhai, -ei- nopoly, to shimonòku
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 209

Shimonòseki jàia˙to shakaimi˙shÎ- shàkui jakuyaku°


shimobàshira shai˙° company shùäi shakuu° shakuyaku°
shimohà˙ki o‚cial seal shakàime˙ Jàkusa shakuyazùmai
shimobùkure° shài˙ employee jaäaimo° shakùzai° shakuyoo°
shimofùri° jai˙° shakaimò˙dai shàkÎshi shakuyooshò°
shimobè° shàu˙° shakaku° jàkÎshi° jàkura
shimoyake° shàoku jàkaäo° Shakujiikòoe˙ shakura˙°
shimoyàshÏki shao˙° shakasà˙zo˙ shakÎshijòoäi shakuriaäèru
shimoyu° shaò˙kai jàkasÎka jàkÎsha shakurinaki°
shimòyo shao˙sèeru jaäatara° shakÎshaku° shakuryoo° con-
shimoyokè° Shàka° shakàkkoo shiyàkÎsho sideration
shimo˙° shàka shakanyòrai shàkùjoo shakùryoo° to rent
jimo˙° woman shàäa shaäamikòmu jakÎshoo° shakuru° to
pattern jàgaa shaäamu° jakÎshi˙° scoop up
jìmo˙° to ask jakàado, -gàa- shakamùni° shakÎsè˙° shakùru hiccup,
oneself shàkai shakamunìbutsu shakuze˙° sob
jìmo˙jitoo° shàäai shakariki° jakÎsotsu° shakureru°
shà shakàiaku Jakàruta shàkÎsò˙ shaku˙°
-sha: zasshìsha, shakaiù˙doo shaäareäòe° jakÎtai° shàke priest
sa˙rì˙sha, he˙- shakaika° shaäareru° shakÎchi° family
shùusha shakaikàäaku shaka˙° between jaäuchi° shàke, sàke sal-
shìya shakàiäaku two cars shakÎchìke˙, mon
jà shakaikyòoiku shaka˙°, sa- plas- shakuch˜ke˙ shakee°, -ei°
jàa shakaigè˙shoo terner jakÎte˙° shaäeki°
jàaku° shakaijìäyoo shaka˙° dormi- jakude˙° shaketsu°
jàaji, -jii shakaishuäi tory superin- shàkudo jaketsu°
shàashaa to shakaijòosee, -ei tendent shakudoo° jaketto°
pass, to hiss, shakàiji˙ shaka˙kyòri shakudooiro° shake˙°
to woosh, to shakaishi˙rìäaku shàki shakÎtorìmushi jàke˙
hoosh shakaisee°, -ei° jàki° shakunaäe° shàko
shaashàa shame- shakaisèekatsu, shàkÏshaki jakunikÎkyoo- shakoo°
lessly, brazen- -èi- shak˜tto shoku° jakoo°
facedly shakaisèedo, -èi- shakyoo° shakunyuu° shakooka°
jàajaa shakàisoo jàkyoo° shakunetsu° shakòokai
jaanarisÎtìkku shakaitàisee, -ei shàäiri° jakune˙° shakook˜ssa
jaanarìsÎto shakaità˙boo shaki˙° reward shakunotàne shakoojìree, -ei
jaanarìzumu shakaich˜tsùjo shaki˙°, sa- gold jakÎhai° shakòoshi˙
shàapu shakaitsùune˙ dust shakÎhachi° shakoosee°, -ei°
shaapÎpè˙shiru shakaiteki° shaku° cramps, shàkÎfu° shakoodà˙su
shàabetto shakaitoo° irritation shakubuku° shakooteki°
shaamanìzumu shakainàbe shàku bronze shakÎhoo° shakoku°
shàama˙ shakàibu wine pitcher shakuma° shakooshòomee,
shàare shakaifıkushi shàkù mace, shaäuma° -ei
ShaarokkÎhòo- shakaifıkki sceptre shakumee°, -ei° shasai°
muzu shakaihòoshi shìyaku° jakumetsu° shazai°
shài shakaihòke˙ jàku jakumetsuìraku shasatsu°
jàia˙tsu shakaihòshoo jiyaku° shakuya° shasa˙°
210 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shàshi shadai° chi°, shacchoko- shàfÎto jàrajara


shàji acknow- jatai° shachÏhokobàru, shaburìtsıku jaràsuò
ledgement, to shataku° shacchoko- shaburu° sarasòoju, sha-
apologize shadatsu° shattoàuto shahee°, -ei° shàri
shàji, sàji spoon shada˙° isola- shàppo shabekùru jari°
shajiku° tion, to shut- shatee°, -ei° shaberitè° shàriki
shajitsu° down shateki° shàberu to shov- sarekòobe, sha-
shajitsÎshùäi shàda˙° associa- shàde˙° el jarimichi°
shajitsÎteki° tion, corpora- shatoo° shrine shabèru to chat sharyoo°
jajauma°, -ja˙ma° tion front shàhe˙ shari˙°
shasharidèru shadà˙ki shàtoo chateau shahoo° share°
shàshu shada˙hòoji˙ shadoo° roadway sabote˙°, sha- sharee°, -ei°
jashuu° shàchi shàdoo shadow shaho˙° sharekke°, -eke°
jashùumo˙ shachÏkobàru, jadoo° shabo˙° sharekòmu
shashÎtsu° shachibàru shàtoru shabo˙dama° sharetsu°
shashoo° shachÏhoko° shànai jama° sharenomèsu
shajoo° shachÏhokoda- shanaidè˙wa Jamàika sharebo˙°
shajooàrashi chi°, shacchoko- shanàihoo jamadate° sharemono°
shashoku°, -cho-: shachÏhokobàru, shanaiyòki˙ jamakke° shareru°
shashi˙shòkuji shacchoko- shànàrishanari, jamamono° jarèru
shashi˙° shàchuu° shanàri shanàri jamamonoàtsÎ- Jàwa, Jàba
jashi˙° shachùuda˙ shanìkısai kai shàwaa
shashi˙ùtsuri shachùuhaku shànimuni° shàmi shà˙
shashi˙ka° shachoo° jàne˙° jàmu, -mi jà˙ku
shashi˙äao° shàtsu janome° shamise˙° jà˙äuru
shashì˙ki shakka° janomeäàsa shamisè˙hÏki ja˙äurujìmu
shashi˙choo° jakka° shaba° outside shami˙too° ja˙kè˙°
shashi˙ba˙° shakkani˙° world shàmu ja˙kè˙pò˙
shashi˙ya° shakka˙° shàba horses “ jàmu shà˙sha˙
Jàsu jakka˙° vehicles shamùsho° jà˙ja˙
jàzu shakkà˙hoo° shabake°, -akke° shamuneko° shà˙sò˙
jasui° jakkà˙mee°, -ei° Japanìizu jamupa˙° shà˙tse
jàsudakku jàkki° elicita- jabara° shamee°, -ei° sha˙dèria, -iya
jàsÎto tion, provoca- Japà˙ shamèeru Ja˙nudàruku
jazubà˙do tion shàhi shame˙° pardon jà˙paa
jasumàaku jàkki jack jabise˙° shàme˙° slope ja˙paasÎkàato
jàsumi˙ shakkyoo° shafu° musical shàmo Shà˙hài
jasumì˙cha shakkìri score copying shàmoji sha˙pà˙, -pè˙
shasùru shakkì˙ shàfu rickshaw shàmonà jà˙pu
shàze shakkì˙tori man shayuu° shà˙puu, -pu
shasee°, -ei° jàkku jàbu shayoo° jà˙bo
shasetsu° jakkunàifu shafuu° shayoosà˙äyoo ja˙bòki
shazetsu° shàkkuri shafÎku°, shaha- shayòozoku ja˙bojètto
shase˙° shakkee°, -ei° ba° sharaku°: oshàra- jà˙ru
shasoo° jakkoo° shabushabu° ku shù
shasoku° shàttaa jàbujabu Shàraku -shu
shatai° shachÏhokoda- shafÎtsu° sharakÎsài jù
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 211

shùi juuèesoo, -èi- juukyoàto juuäeki° juusà˙ne˙


shuìshò shùueki° shùukyoo shuuketsu° juusà˙ya
shuiro° shuue˙° shuuäyoo° juuketsu° juusà˙ri
shui˙° juue˙° juuäyoo° shùuäe˙ shuushi° religion
shui˙se˙° juuòo° jiyùuäyoo juuke˙° shùushi° end
shùu sect, col- juuoomùji˙°, juuäyòoi˙ jiyuukè˙kyuu shùushi whole
lection juuòo muji˙° shuukyooka° shuuäè˙noo time, earnings
-shuu: joodò- jùuoku shuukyooäa° jùugo fifteen “ expenses
shuu, shuuì- Shuuò˙rai shuukyookàika- jùuäo home shuuji°
shuu shuuka° freight ku front juushì°
-shuu° week: is- collection shukyòoäaku shuukoo° jùushi° serious
shuu°, goshuu° shùuka excel- shuuäyook˜sòku shuuäoo° consideration
shiyuu° posses- lent poem shuukyòoäeki juukoo° jiyùushi
sion, owner- jùuka shuuäyooshìe˙ jiyùukoo jùuji at ten,
ship jiyuuka° shuuäyòoshÏki juuäoo° temple chief
shìyuu gender, jiyuuäa° juuäyòosha juukòoäyoo priest, engage-
master “ shuukai° shuukyoosè˙soo shuuäoojùutaku ment
friend shuukaijoo° jiyuukyòosoo juukòozoo jùuji° to cross
jùu: ojùu shuukàidoo shuukyoodà˙tai shuuäootai° jùushii
-juu°: sekaijuu° Jiyuuäàoka shuäyoonè˙äe˙ jiyuukòodoo shùushiikka˙,
shÏchijuu°, go- juukàki shuukyoohòoji˙ shuuäòoro˙ shùushi ikka˙°
juu° shuukaku° shuukyoku° juugòsai juujika°
jìyuu° reason, shuuäaku° juukyòshi juugònichi, jùu- shuushiäae°
cause shuuäakùritsu shuuäyotoo° go˙chi shuujìäaku
jiyùu: gojiyuu- shuuäakuryòkoo juukyòhi juugonichìäayu, juujìka˙
ni° freedom juukasà˙zee, -ei juukyohyòoji -o˙chìäayu jiyuujìka˙
shuuaku° juukàzee, -ei shuukìritsu juugòne˙ juujìäu˙, -g-
jùuaku° jiyuuäata° shuuki˙° juuäoya° shuushÏkee°, -ei°
shuuake° shuukatsu° juukì˙zoku shuuäòroshi juujikee°, -ei°
juuatsu° juuäatsù° shùuku juuko˙° jiyuujìzai, jiyùu
shùui shuuka˙° shùuäu shùusa jizai°
jùui juuka˙° jùuku jùusaa jiyuush˜soo
jiyuuìshi juuäa˙° juukùnichi, shuusai° juushÏchì°
shuuìshuu shuukà˙shi -ku˙chi juuzai° juushÏchikàiki
juuichì shùuki juukyùune˙, shiyuuzàisa˙ juushÏchìsai
juuichiäatsù° shùuäi -kùne˙ shuusaku° juushÏchinichì,
juuichìji jùuki juukubòkkÎsu juusatsu° -i˙chì
juuichinichì°, shuuäìi˙ shuukurìimu shuusatsuäàkari juushÏchìne˙
-chi˙chì° shuuäii˙gìi˙ juuäu˙° shuusa˙° juushÏchìmoji
juuichìne˙ shuukidome° shuukee°, -ei° jùusa˙ shuujitsu°
juuichime˙kà˙- shuuäibùkuro juukee°, -ei° fir- juusa˙kàiki juujitsu°
no˙ shuukyuu° ing squad exe- shuusa˙kàiki shuush˜fu
shuuitsu° juukyùu cution, severe shuusà˙ki shuujihoo°
juuikkàäetsu juukyùusai sentence juusà˙sai juushìmatsu
juuìssai juukyùune˙, Jùukee, -ei shuusà˙chi shuusha°
shuui˙° jùukune˙ juukèeshoo, -èi- juusà˙nichi, jùusha
shuuyu° jùukyo shuuäeki° jùusa˙chi shuuchaku°, -ja-
212 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shuushuu° shuutàisee, -ei shuute˙° juunìritsu shuuhyoo°


shuujùu° juudaisèe, -èi shuude˙° shuuni˙° jùubyoo° serious
juujùu° juutaku° juute˙° juuni˙° resi- illness
shuushuuka° juutakuäài juude˙° dent, to accept juubyòoni˙°
jiyuushùäi juutakÎki˙yuu- juudè˙ki a responsible shuufÎku°
shuushÎku° kòoko shuudè˙sha post, reap- juufÎku°,
shuujuku° juutàkıchi juudè˙chi pointment choofÎku°
jùujutsu° juutakùna˙ juute˙teki° jùuni˙ ten per- shuubu˙°
juuju˙° juutakuròo˙ shuuto° sons juubu˙noichi°
shùujo shuudatsu° juutoo° shuunì˙shÏki shuuheki°
jùusho shuuta˙° jiyuutoo° jùunin tòiro Shùubèruto
shuushoo° shuuda˙° jùudo juuni˙nami° shuuhe˙°
shuujoo° jùuta˙ shuudòoi˙ juuni˙riki° juubòi˙
juushoo° juuda˙° bullet, juudòoäi shùune˙ shùuhoo°
Jùujoo longitudinal shuudòoshi jùune˙ shuuboo°
juujòo jùuda˙ ten shuudòojo juune˙sè˙shu juuhoo° useful,
juushooshÏki° steps shuudòoni shuune˙bukài treasure
juushòosha shuuda˙kè˙shi˙ juutòohoo° juune˙mè jùuhoo heavy
shuushòosha shuuda˙jìsatsu shuutoku° shuunoo° artillery
shuushooroobai° shuuda˙shìdoo juutoku° juunòo jiyuubòoeki
shuushoku° shuuda˙shùu- shuutokùbutsu shùuha jiyùuhooni˙
shuujoku° shoku shuutome° shuuhai° juuboku°
juushoku° im- shuuda˙sòkai juunàna juubai° shuumai°
portant post shuuda˙tòokoo juunanàsai shuuhaini˙° jùumai
juùshoku Bud- shuuta˙ba° juuna˙° juubaku°: juu- jiyuumai°
dhist chief juudà˙me˙ juuna˙see°, -ei° bakuäèk˜ki shuumaku°
priest shuuda˙mè˙se- juuna˙tàisoo juubako° shuumatsu°
shuushokuù˙doo tsu juunì° juubakoyomi° shuumatsuìryoo
jiyuushokùäyoo shùuchi juunìkai shuubasu° shuumatsuryòkoo
shuushokùäuchi° shiyùuchi juunikàäetsu shuuhàsuu Shùuma˙
shuushokuäo° shuuchÏku° juuniäatsù juuhachì° juuma˙° full-
shuushokÎsaki° shuuch˜shi˙ juunìkyuu juuhàchÏki˙° ness
shuushokùna˙ shuuchaku° juuniku° juuhachìnichi, juumà˙ hun-
jùushofÎtee, shuuchakùeki juunìsai -chi˙chì dred thousand
jùusho fÎtee° shuuchuu° juunìshi juuhachìne˙ juumanòkudo
shuuzòko shuuchuugòou juunijì juuhachìba˙ juuma˙ni˙°
shuusoku° shuuchuuchi- juunish˜choo shuuhatsu° shùumì
shùuzoku° ryòoshÏtsu juunìshoku shuubatsu° shuumi˙°
juusoku° shuuchuuteki° juunishì˙hoo° juubatsu° juumì˙°
juuzoku° jicchuuhàkku, juuninichì°, juuhàssai juumi˙ù˙doo
juusotsu° juuchuu- -nì˙chi° juuhàppa˙ juumì˙zee, -ei
shuutai° shuuchuuhòoka juunìne˙° shuuba˙° juumi˙tòohyoo
juutai° shuuchùuryoku juunihÏtòe juuha˙° juumi˙tòoroku
juudai° serious shùuchoo juunibu˙° jùuba˙ juumi˙hyoo°
jùudai one's juuchi˙° shuunyuu° shuuba˙se˙° shùumee°, -ei°
teens shuuchi˙bo˙° shuunyuuì˙shi shùubi master's orders
juudàishi shuutee°, -ei° shuunyùuyaku° jùuhi shuumee°, -ei°
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 213

person name juuryòoka˙ shÎkyaku° jùkÎshi° shujoo°


succession juuryòozee, -ei jùäaku jukè˙sha jushoo°
shuumeehìroo, -ei- jùuryoku shuäakùi˙, juke˙jù˙bi jujoo°
juumè˙° shuuri˙° shuuäakùi˙ jukè˙see, -ei shushookà˙tee°,
juumoo° shiyùuri˙ shÎka˙° juäè˙doo -ei°
shuumoku° juuri˙° shùäa˙° juke˙hyoo° shujoosàido
juumoku° jùurui juka˙° juke˙bè˙kyoo jushòoshÏki
shumòchì shuururearìsumu shÎka˙see°, -ei° jukè˙ryoo shÎshòosha
shuumotsu° shuuree°, -ei° shÎka˙teki° shùäo jushòosha
shùumo˙° juuretsu° shÎkì shÎkoo° shÎshoku° staple
juumo˙ji° shuurèssha shùäi shuäoo° food
shùuya shuure˙° conver- -shùäi: kyoosa˙- jukoo° shùshoku, shÎ-
juuya° gence shùäi shÎkòoäyoo shoku° wine “
shuuyaku° shùure˙ training shÎkiobiù˙te˙ shÎkòoäee, -ei women, food
juuyaku° shuurè˙zai° shuäìsha shÎkòoryoo “ drink
shuuyakunòoäyoo shuuroo° shÎkyuu° shuäòshi˙, -ji˙ shÎshokùbutsu
shuuyatoo° Juuròo° jukyuu° shuäòdai shÎshi˙°
juuyu° juuròodoo shÎkyoo° jùgo˙ shùji˙
shuuyuu° shuuroku° shuäyoo° shùsa, shÎsà jushi˙°
shuuyùke˙ juurokù° jukyoo°, zu- shÎsai° jushì˙ki
shuuyoo° juuròkısai jùkyoo shuzai° shujì˙koo
juuyoo° juurokùnichi, jùäyoo shÎsàisha jushì˙bako
juuyòoshi -u˙chì juäyoojìka˙ shuzaya° jushì˙ryoo
shuuyoojò° juurokùne˙ shuäyòosha shuza˙° shùsu
juuyoosee, -sei° juurokùmiri juäyòoryo jusa˙° juzù
juuyoobu˙kàzai juurokumùsashi shùäyoku° jusaù˙jo° shÎsui°
jùuyoku° juurokùya shÎkù shÎsà˙chi jusui°
jùuyokka juurokuràka˙ jùku shùshi shÎsùikoo°
jùuyone˙ shùuro˙° shÎkùa shùji juzuäodama°
juuyò˙ shuuwai° shÎkùi jùshi juzudama°
juuyò˙sai juu˙wàizai° shuäuu° shujìi juzutsùnaäi
shuurai° jùuwari shÎkuee°, -ei° shÎshìäaku shuzumi°
jùurai juu˙buràido shÎkueki° jushÏkàkoo shÎsee°, -ei°
shùuraku° shuee°, -ei° shÎkue˙° shujiku° shuzee°, -ei°
juura˙° jueki° shÎkùäa° shushÏshokùbu- jusee°, -ei°
shùuri juèk˜sha shÎkuäai° tsu shÎsèebu˙, -èi-
jùuri jùerii shÎkuäa˙° shushÏsètsumee, -ei jusèera˙, -èi-
shuuritsu° shue˙° jùkuäi shùsha shÎseki°
shuuryoo° end shuo˙° shÎkuäe˙° jùsha shÎsekÏsa˙°
shuuryòo to yield shıkà jukuäo° shùju shÎse˙°
juuryoo° hunt- jùka shÎkusai° jùju juse˙°
ing shùgaa shÎkusàijitsu shùjuu, shùu- shuze˙jì
juuryòo weight, shugaaresugàmu shÎkusatsu° shùjuzatta shuze˙jimonoäà-
sumo second shÎkai° shÎkusatsuba˙° shujùsoo tari
highest divi- jukai° shÎkùshi° prayer shùjutsu shÎsè˙do
sion shuäaki° shÎkùshi desire jùjutsu shÎsè˙ro˙
juuryooaäe° shÎkaku° shÎkuji° shujutsùshÏtsu jùso
214 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shuzoo° nology shÎttatsu° shÎtoku° shÎpurehÏkòoru


juzoo° jutsuäo° post- shÎtta˙° shudoku° shÎfure˙°
shuzooka° operative jucchuu° shÎtòke˙ shubu˙°
shùzoku shÎkkoo° shÎcchoo° shÎtòkoo, shÎto- jufu˙°
shÎtai° jukkoo° shÎcchoojo° kòosoku shÎhee°, -ei°
shudai° shÎkkoku° shÎttee°, -ei° shùtòshÏte shÎheki°
jutai° shÎtsuäoku° shÎtsudai° juna˙° shubetsu°
judai° shÎkko˙soo° shÎttatsu° jùnia°, -iaa° shuho°
shudàika jussaku° shÎtta˙° shuniku° inkpad shÎhoo°
shudàikyoku shÎssatsu° jucchuu° shùniku alcohol shuboo°
shÎtaisee°, -ei° shÎssatsuäakari shÎcchoo° “ meat shubòosha
jutaku° shÎssatsùäuchi shÎtte˙° junyuu° shubo˙°
judaku° shÎssatsujo° shÎtsudo° junyùuki shùmi
shıtàru shÎssa˙° shÎttoo° shuni˙° shumìizu, shi-
shùda˙ shÎsshi° shÎtsudoo° shunuri° shumìse˙°
shÎchuu° shÎtsùji shÎtsudohi˙° Junèebu shumida˙°
juchuu° shÎsshìsha shÎtsunyuu° shunoo° shumyaku°
shÎchoo° asser- shÎssha° shÎtsunyùukoku junoo° jumyoo°
tion, keynote shÎssho° shÎtsuba° shunookàida˙ shùmu
shıchoo° chief shÎsshoo° shÎppatsu° shunòokeru, su- shumee°, -ei°
shÎchòokoku shÎtsujoo° shÎppàtsıte˙ shunòosha shumoku° mallet
shÎchi˙°, shÏ- shÎtsujòokoo shÎppa˙° shunòobu shùmoku° item
shÎtsuù shÎtsujòosha shÎppà˙äyoo shùba jùmoku
jutsù stratagem, shÎsshòochi shÎppa˙kyòokai shÎhai° jumokùi
scheme shÎsshootòdoke shÎppà˙sha juhai° shumokuzùe
jùtsù statement shÎsshòoritsu shÎppà˙hi shubàitsaa shùmotsu
shÎtsue˙° shÎsshoku° shÎppà˙butsu jubaku° jumo˙°
shÎtsuè˙sha shÎsshi˙° shÎppa˙ya° shÎha˙° shuyaku°
shÎtsuè˙ryoo shÎtsuji˙° shÎppi° juba˙°, ji- shùyu
shÎkka shÎsshi˙gàkkoo shÎpppi˙° shùhi jùyo
shÎtsuäa° shÎsshì˙koo shÎppee°, -ei° shubi° issue shuyoo°
jukkai° shÎsshì˙sha shÎtsubotsu° shùbi defense juyoo°
shÎkka˙° shÎsshì˙chi shÎppo˙° jùhi juyòosha
shÎtsuäa˙° shÎssui° shÎtsuraku° shubiki° shuyoku°
shÎtsuäà˙sha shÎsse° shÎtsùri shÎhigìmu juyòshÏki
shÎtsùäyo shussee°, -ei° shÎtsuryoo° JùpÏtaa shùra
shÎkkyoo° shÎsseegù˙ji˙, -ei- shÎtsùryoku shubitai° jurai°
shÎkki˙° shÎssèuo shÎtsurui° shuhÏtsu° juraku°
shÎkkì˙sha shÎsseäàshira shÎte˙° shubihà˙i jurakùdai
shÎkkì˙bo shÎsseki° shude˙° shubìhee, -ei shurajoo°
shÎkke° shÎssèk˜sha shÎte˙dòoji shubyoo° shuradoo°
shÎtsuäeki° shÎssekìbo shÎtò, shùto juhyoo° shuraba°
shÎkketsu° shÎssèsaku shÎtoo° shùbìyoku shuramono°
shÎkketsÎsàabisu shÎssebàrai shudoo° shÎhi˙° jurarumi˙°
shÎtsuäe˙° shÎssoo° judoo° shubi˙°, shi- shura˙°
shÎkko° shÎttai° shudòoke˙ shùfu shùri
jutsuäo° termi- shÎtsudai° judooteki° shùbu jùri
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 215

shurike˙° ju˙ka˙° ju˙shài˙ ju˙biù˙doo jò woman


juritsu° ju˙ka˙äòfu jù˙shu ju˙bi˙° -jo: shìjo, tsùru-
shuryuu° ju˙kà˙ki shu˙shuu° ju˙bitàisoo jo, chìyojo
shuryuuda˙: te- ju˙ka˙äòshi shu˙juu° shu˙bi˙° -jo° institute:
ryuuda˙ shù˙ki shu˙juujìdai shu˙puu° ke˙kyuujo°
shuryoo° shù˙äiku shu˙ju˙° ju˙puu° jìyo
juryoo° ju˙k˜ssa jù˙jo ju˙puubìzoku shoaku°
shuryoku° jù˙äyaku° shu˙shoo° jù˙fudoo jòi to confer a
shuryòkıkabu ju˙kyuu° shu˙joo° shu˙bu˙° title
shuryokÎka˙° shù˙kyo ju˙shoo° ju˙bu˙° joi° woman doc-
juri˙° jù˙kyo ju˙joo° ju˙bù˙äaku tor
shùrui shu˙äyoo° shu˙shoku° shu˙bu˙nohì shoiaäe°
shuruiwake° ju˙kyoo° ju˙soku° shu˙betsu° shoikomi°
jùre ju˙äyoo° shù˙shoku ume- ju˙poo° shoikòmu
juree°, -ei° ju˙kyòosha äòyomi, shu˙sho- ju˙pootòosoo shoìchìne˙
shurèddaa jnukyòoju kuumeäòyomi ju˙poku° shoinaäe°
shure˙° ju˙ki˙° ju˙shòtoku ju˙mai° shòi˙° study,
shuro° ju˙äi˙°, -g- ju˙jiru° ju˙màishu publishing
juroo° ju˙ki˙ch˜sa˙, ju˙shi˙° shu˙mi˙° firm, sta‡
juròoji˙ -˙jì- shù˙sui shù˙me member
shurochÏku° ju˙äuri° ju˙sui° ju˙me˙° shoi˙° biblio-
shuronawa° shù˙kee, -ei°: ju˙zuru° ju˙moo° phile
shurobòoki shu˙keenuri°, ju˙see°, -ei° ju˙yùushoo shoi˙zùkuri
shùwa -ei- shu˙setsu° shu˙mi˙° joi˙to°
juwàki ju˙kee°, -ei° ju˙ze˙° shù˙me shou°
shuwa˙° ju˙ketsu° shu˙soo° ju˙me˙° shoe˙°
shuwa˙ka° ju˙äetsu° shu˙soku° ju˙moo° joe˙°
shu˙° ju˙ketsÎkyòoiku ju˙soku° ju˙yùushoo shoo
ju˙° ju˙kèsshoo ju˙taku° jù˙yo -shoo: zakkàs-
ju˙ai° shu˙ke˙° shu˙da˙° ju˙yoo° hoo, zaimùs-
jù˙i shu˙äe˙° ju˙choo° junyooka˙° hoo
Ju˙ichì° ju˙ke˙° shu˙dee°, -ei° shu˙rai° -shoo°: fÎseishoo°
Ju˙itsu° jù˙ko jù˙do shù˙ra˙ shiyoo° private
ju˙ee°, -ei°, shu- shu˙koo° shù˙too ju˙ra˙° use, trial,
Ju˙eki° ju˙koku° shu˙doo° jù˙ri breeding
Ju˙e˙° ju˙sa° ju˙too° ju˙ryoo° shìyoo° branches
ju˙òkuri shu˙sai° ju˙na˙° ju˙ree°, -ei° “ leaves
shu˙äa° ju˙sai° ju˙ni° ju˙reki° joo° lock, pill,
jù˙ka° ju˙satsu° ju˙noo° shu˙retsu° tablet, feeling
ju˙kai° shù˙ji ju˙noosee°, -ei° ju˙retsu° jòo° writing
shù˙kashuutoo, ju˙shi° shu˙nòode˙ ju˙retsÎkumia- paper quire
shù˙ka shuutoo° Jù˙shi shù˙ba wase° -joo° place, state:
ju˙katsùyu° jù˙ji ju˙pai° jù˙ro isshi˙joo°, toku-
shu˙ka˙° mo- ju˙shÏse˙° ju˙paku° shò baijoo°, uroko-
ment shu˙jitsu° shu˙patsùryoku -sho°: kaiäisho° joo°
shù˙ka˙ light- ju˙jitsu° ju˙ba˙° -sho°: mooshÏko- -joo, -joo° letter:
ening ju˙shÏtee°, -ei° jù˙bi misho° kookàijoo°
216 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

-joo castle: Oos- shooäa° ginger shooäàkıshi shookìäyoo jookèeki, -èi-


akàjoo, koo- shòoäa ego shooäakush˜kì˙ jookìäe˙ shookeemòji, -ei-
kà˙joo jòoka° purifica- shooäakushòoka shooäìsashi shookèesu
jiyoo° tion, castle shooäàkısee, -ei shookizùku shooäeki°
shooai° town shooäakÎhàkÎsh jook˜se˙° shooäèkijoo
jooai° jòoka love song i, -kase shooäitai° shooäèk˜ha
shooaku° jòokaa shooäàkùbu shooäidàoshi jooäesùidoo
shooàjia, -iya shookai° intro- shooäakùboo shookÏchì° shooketsu°
shòoi duction, inqui- shookazai° shooäiba˙° jooäèdoo
jòoi ry, explanation jooäàshi shookìbo shooke˙° pure
shooiì˙kai shòokai° compa- Jooäàshima jookÏpò˙pu silk, commer-
shooigù˙ji˙ ny shookase˙° shookyaku° cial rights
shooìda˙ shooäai° injury, jookàsoo jookyaku° shòoke˙° certifi-
Shooichi° obstacle, liai- shookàzoku shookyakùro cate, bill, secu-
shooichìi son shooäatsu° shookyuu° rities
jooìro˙ shòoäai life, car- shooäàkkoo jookyuu° shooäè˙°
shooi˙° rier shooäanài shookyùushi jookè˙°
jooi˙° jookai° shookafùryoo jookyùushi jooäe˙° first
jooi˙gìi˙ jòoäai shookahoo° jokyùusee, -ei quarter moon
shòou shooäaikyòoiku jookàmachi shòokyo jooäè˙° upper
shoowì˙doo, -uì˙- shooäàizai° shooäayaki° shookyoo° limit, maxi-
joouchi° shookàisha shooka˙° to re- shòoäyoo mum
shooùchuu shooäàisha fund, foreign jookyoo° shooke˙äàisha
shoou˙° shookaijò° merchant shooäyooka° jookè˙tsÎki°
shooee°, -ei° shookàijoo° o‚ce shooäyoojoo° shooke˙torihÏki-
jooee°, -ei° Shookàiseki shooka˙° gener- shookyooshòoko jò°
shooeki° shooäaichìshi al, admiral shooäyoosèesaku, jooke˙hà˙sha
jooetsu° shookàiha shooäa˙° -èi- shooko° proof
jooetsÎse˙° shooäàibu jooka˙° shookyòoto shòoko nominal,
shooene° shooäaifÎkushi- shookà˙joo° shooäyoodòotoku respect for
shooe˙° nè˙ki˙ shooka˙zèo˙ shooäyootòshi olden days
jooe˙° shooäàibutsu shookà˙no˙ shooäyoobìjutsu shòoäo
shooe˙dàu˙ shooäaibutsÎ- jookà˙pa˙ shookyoku° jòoko
shooe˙hà˙noo kyòosoo shòoki business shookyokÎteki° jooäo° pleonasm
jooè˙ryoo shooäaihòke˙ opportunity shookyòhoo° jòoäo drinker,
joòo shookàeki shòoki° sanity, shooki˙° to funnel
shoooo° shookaka˙° minute des- jooki˙° Shooäòi˙
joòbachi shookàki cription shòoku shooäoi˙dàiko˙
shooo˙° shookaku° shòoäi consulta- jòoku shookoo° symp-
jooo˙° shooäaku° small tion, confer- jookuu° tom, commer-
shooka° sublima- sum of money ence shookuutoo° cial harbor
tion, diges- shòoäaku com- shòoäi° folding shookùbu˙ shookoo°, -moo°
tion, to extin- mercial science jooki° shooäu˙° consumption
guish a fire jookaku° jòoki shooäù˙ke shòokoo° com-
shòoka anthem, joäaku° jòoäi shòoäe merce “ in-
store, mer- shooäakùi˙ shooäìi˙ shookee°, -ei° dustry
chant shooäakÎki˙° jookikÏkà˙sha jookee°, -ei° shòokoo o‚cer
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 217

shooäo° collation shoosàsshi shòosha business jòojo jooshì˙ko


shooäòo° title, jòosama, ùe- company, win- shooshoo° dole- shooshi˙jìsatsu
degree, trade shoosa˙° ner fully jooshi˙shò°
name joosa˙° shiyòosha shòoshoo a little shooshi˙shòo-
jookoo° clause, shoosà˙e˙ shòoja shoojoo° narrow- mee°, -ei°
provision, to shooshi° to burn joosha° minded, lonely shoojì˙butsu
get on “ o‡, to death jooshàeki shoojòo° merit shooshi˙monò°
sexual inter- shòoshi absurd, shooshaku° certificate shooji˙ryòori
course short story, jooshàäuchi° shòojoo° orangu- jòozu upper dia-
jòokòo ex-em- stamp jooshàke˙ tan, heavy gram
peror shooji° paper jòoshahÏssui drinker joozù skillful,
shookòoi sliding door shooshàma˙ jooshoo° clever
shookookaiäishò° shòoji, -shi life jooshàritsu joojoo° circum- shoosui°
shookòoki “ death jooshu° high stances shoozui°
jookòokyaku shòoji trifle, class sake joojòo° excellent joosùiki
shookòoäyoo minor matter, jòoshu castle lord joojòokabu joosùichi
shookòoäuchi business a‡airs jooshu° general joojòokÏchi joosùidoo
shookòoäu˙ jòoshi° one's meaning jooshòokìryuu shoosùu
shookòoshu° superior, up- jòoju jooshòoäu˙ joosùu
shookoojòotai per limbs, cas- shooshuu° jooshooshakuryoo° shoosuìke˙
shookòosui tle ruins shoojuu° shoojòobae, -ai shoosùute˙
shookòonetsu jòoshi° Ming dy- jooshuu°, Joo- shoojòohi shoosuutoo°
shookòoki˙° nasty love story joojuu° shoojoobùkkyoo shoosuuha°
shookoku° jooji° previous shooshuuzai° jooshòoritsu shoosuumì˙zoku
shòoäoku° character repe- joojuuzàäa shoojookàäeki shiyoozumi°
jookoku° tition jooshùusha shooshoku° shoosùru
shookokùmi˙ jòoji always, jooshùuha˙ jooshoku° shoozùru°
shookoshòrui love a‡air shooshùuree, -ei shooshòme˙ joozuru°
shookodatèru shoosh˜ka° shooshuurèejoo, shoojìru° shoosee°, -ei°
shookoto° shoojiäàisha -èi- joojìru° invitation
shookobùkke˙ shoojiäami° shooshÎtsu° shooshi˙° promo- shòosee, -ei ego
jooäoya° shoojìkì shoojutsu° tion, heart- joosee°, -ei
shookorì° jooshÏki° joojutsu° break, cowardly shòoseki°
shooko˙° jooshÏkìji˙ jooshùbi shooji˙° little jooseki°
shookò˙sai jooshÏkiteki° shooju˙° consequence shoosetsu°
shookò˙sha jooshÏkìmaku jooju˙° person joosetsu°
shoosa° com- shoojikimonò° shoosho° bond, shòoji˙ religious joozetsu°
mander jooshìäu˙ certificate asceticism, shoosetsÎka°
shòosa evidence shoosh˜sha shòosho minor vegetarian diet shoosèkkai
jooza° shòoshÏ sè˙ba˙ heat solar term jooshi˙° joosetsıka˙, joo-
shoosai° shooshÏtai° shiyoosho° jooji˙° sètsÎka˙
joozai° shooshÏtsu° shòojo shooji˙ake° shoosetsÎshì˙zui
jiyòozai° jooshÏtsu° joosho° making shoojìnaäe jòozètto
shoosaku° joojitsu° clean copy jooshì˙etsu shoose˙°
joosaku° shooshìmi˙ jòosho, jòocho shooshi˙ochi° shooze˙°
joosashì° shoosha° irradia- atmosphere, shooji˙kèssai, joose˙°
shoosatsu° tion emotion shòojin kèssai shoose˙gàkkoo
218 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shoose˙kyoo° joota˙° jootemono° joodòshuu shòone˙° year of


shoose˙kyòku jooda˙° upper shoote˙° Ascen- joodoshì˙shuu birth
shòoso section sion, death shootosÎtèi jòone˙°
jòoso° joodàna joke shòote˙ shop shoototsu° shoonè˙i˙
shoosoo° joodà˙äuchi shòote˙° focus shootòrìhÏki shoonè˙ki
shoozoo° jooda˙noma° shoode˙° short jòonai shoone˙jìdai
joosoo° shoochi° to know biography shoonàäo˙ shoonè˙da˙
joozoo° shòochi to invite shoode˙° impe- joonashi° shoone˙ba°
shoosòoi˙° jòochi infatua- rial court ac- Shoona˙° shoonoo° small
shoozooäa° tion cess, detailed shoona˙° farmer
joosookàikyuu joochi° perma- biography shoona˙shi˙ju- shòonoo° cerebel-
joosookyòoiku nent shootè˙i˙ kurài˙ lum
shoozòoke˙ shòochÏku shootè˙äai shoona˙dè˙sha shòonoo cam-
joozòoshu° shoochÏkùbai jootè˙ki shòoni phor, mothballs
shoosoku° shoochinòsÎke shoote˙kyòri shoonika° joonoo°
shòozoku joocha˙ shootè˙chi shooniku° shoonòoyu°
shoosookÎsùji shooshuu° in his shòoto jooniku° shòonotsÎki
joosokıtsuu° hand shòodo shoonikèkkaku shòonòfue
shoosokΰ shoochùu clear jòoto shoonibyoo° shòonomushi
shòozoku distilled liquor joodo° shoonimàhi shòoha
shoosokısùji joochuu° shootoo° small shoonyùuseki jòoba°
joosokıtsuu° shoochùubi political party, shoonyùudoo° shoohai°
shoosokÎfumee°, shoocho° to turn o‡ the shooni˙° appro- shòobai
-ei° jòocho, -sho lights val, witness shoobaiòorai
shootai° shoochoo° sym- shootòo° short shòoni˙ holy shoobaiò˙na
shoodai° bol, ups “ sword priest, trades- shoobàbiäae°
jootai° downs shoodoo° man shoobaiäàtaki
jòodai of an- shòochoo small jootoo° -shoonin; -shoo- shoobaiäara°
cient times intestine, mi- joodoo° ni˙: yuäyoos- shoobaiäì°
jòodai° cham- nistries “ shoodooäai° hoonin, hoo- shoobaike°, -kke°
berlain, castle government jootòku ne˙shooni˙ shoobaishòobai
keeper joochoo° wordi- jootòoshÏki shiyooni˙° shoobaidòoäu
joodaiäàroo ness, verbosity jootooshùda˙ jooni˙° regular shoobaini˙°
shootàike˙ jòochoo presi- shoodooteki° jooni˙°, jooji˙° shoobàiya
shootàijoo dent jootoohi˙° sweetheart shòohaku
shootàichoo shoochòoshi jootòohee, -ei jooni˙ìi˙ joobako°
shootàibi shoochooteki° shootokàtto shooni˙kà˙mo˙ joobazùbo˙
shootaku° shoochooha° shoodokyoo° shoonì˙zuu, -zu shòobatsu
shoodaku° shoochoku° shootoku° shoonì˙seki joohatsu°
jootatsu° shoochi˙° shoodoku° jooni˙rìji joobàfÎku
shoodate° shòotsu jootòkùi shòonè joohari°
joodama° shootsÎkì° shoodokùeki shoonetsu° shooha˙°
shoota˙° admira- shootsÎkimèeni- shootokÎtàishi joonetsu° shooba˙°
tion chi, -èi- shoodokùyaku joonetsÎka° jooba˙°
shootà˙° jootee°, -ei° shootokèeki shoonetsujìäoku jooha˙shi˙
cowardly shooteki° shootòshi joonetsÎteki° jooba˙se˙°
shooda˙° joodeki° Shoodòshima shoone˙° boy jooba˙tà˙de˙
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 219

shoohi° shòobu˙° dispo- shooboopò˙pu shooyaku° abrid- shòoryoo dead


shòobi sition, temper joohòomoo ged translation person spirit
jòohi joobu˙° shooho˙° shòoyaku herb shooryòo° small
jòobi jiyòobu˙ shoomai° medicine quantity
shoohÏkùmiai joofù˙betsu joomai° jooyaku° shiyòoryoo
joobìäu˙ shoohee°, -ei° to joomae° jooyàdo° shooryòoe
shoohìzai invite, to o‡er shoomakyoo° jooyàtoi shooryòodana°
shooh˜sha a post shiyoomassetsù jooyatoo° shooryoonàäashi
shoohÏshàkai soohee°, -ei° o‚- shooma˙° shooyu° shooryoomàtsuri
shoohÏshàchoo cers “ men jooma˙° shooyuu° shooryoku°
shoohìzee, -ei shooheeäa°, -ei- shòomi shooyùusee, -ei jooryoku°
joobìtaki shooheki° jòomì shòoyo shooryokÎka°
joobìyaku jooheki° shoomik˜kà˙ jòoyo jooryokùju
shoohyoo° shoohe˙° shoomikìäe˙ shooyoo° shoori˙°
shoobyoo° shoobè˙ joomise° jooyoo° shòoru
shoobyòosha joobe˙° jòomyaku° jooyookà˙ji shòorui
shoobyòohee, -ei Shoope˙hàueru joomyakÎchùu- jooyòosha shoorùumu
shoohi˙° literary jòoho sha jooyòki˙° jooruri°
sketch, prize shoohoo° detailed joomyakùryuu shooyoku° jooruribushi°
shòohi˙ goods report, victory shòomyoo° to pray jòoyoku° jooruribo˙°
joohì˙ news shòomyoo priest shoorai° to bring shooree°, -ei°
shoohi˙äìtte shòohoo business chanting about jooree°, -ei°
shoohì˙ke˙ method, com- shoomyòo shòorai wind shooreeki˙°, -ei-
shoohi˙sh˜kyoo mercial law jòomu through pine joore˙°
shoohì˙mee, -ei shiyoohoo° joomùi˙ trees shòoro
shoofu° wheat shooboo° Shòomute˙noo shooraisee°, -ei° jòoro watering
starch joohoo° informa- jòomutorishima- jooraku° can
shòofu prostitute tion, fixed rule riyaku shoora˙° joròo, -rò prosti-
shòobu joohòo° Kyoto- shoomee°, -ei° joora˙° tute
jòofu -Osaka area shoomeekìäu, -ei- shòori shooroo°
joobu° healthy, jòohoo° multipli- shoomeeshò°, -ei- jòori jooròo°
solid cation shoomèeda˙°, -èi- jooriku° shooroobyòoshi
jòobu upper part joohooka° shoometsu° shooritsu° shooroku°
shoofuu° joohookàiji shoomè˙ shooritòoshu jooroku°
shoofÎku° joohookashàkai joome˙° shooryaku° shooro˙°
joofÎku° shoobogè˙zoo shoome˙gè˙ka˙ jòoryaku° shoowa° anecdote
shoobùkurò joohookòokai shoome˙shòototsu jooryuu° shoowa° to sing
shoobuäotò° shoobòoshi shoomè˙zu jooryuukàikyuu in chorus, res-
shoobùshi joohòoshi shoomoo° jooryuushàkai ponse
shoobuzuyòi shooboojidòosha shoomoohi˙° jooryùushu° joowa°
shoofudà° shoobòosha joomono° jooryùusui shoowak˜chì
shoofudàtsuki° shoobòoshu shoomo˙° shòoryo shoowàkÎsee, -ei
jòobutsu shoobooshò° joomo˙° shooryoo° scout- Shoowate˙nòo
shoobùnàshi shoobootai° joomo˙shÏki° ing out a terri- shoowaru°
shoobùbu˙ shoobòoda˙ joomo˙jìdai tory, reading joowa˙°
shoobùyu shoobòochoo Joomò˙suäi extensively, shoka° calligra-
shoobu˙° phrase shoobòofu shooya° thoughtfulness pher
220 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shòka book- jòkyoku shokuju° shokÎpà˙° shokuryòohi˙°


shelf, stacks, joki˙° shokÎshùuka˙ shokÎhi° shokuri˙°
early summer joggi˙äu° shokujùsai shokÎhi˙° shokurì˙chi
shòäa shoku° appetite, shòkujo shokÎhi˙te˙kà- shokureki°
shokai° food, job shokÎshoo° butsu shòku˙
joäai° shòku poem shokÎshooäara° shokùbutsu joku˙°
shoäàikoku first line shokÎshooäimi° shokubutsùe˙ shoke°
shoäàiree, -ei -shoku: chookà˙- shokujiryòohoo shokubùtsıkai shokee°, -ei° exe-
shoäàkari shoku, chÏhòo- shokÎshi˙° shokubutsùäaku cution, writ-
shòäaku shoku shokuji˙° shokubutsùshÏtsu er's cramp
shoäàkusha shiyoku° shokujì˙shu shokubutsÎsee°, shòkee, -ei dear
joäàkÎsee, -ei shokuàtari° shokuzu° -ei° friends
shoäachoo°, -joo° shokua˙° shokÎsùru shokubutsunì˙- shòäei
shokatsu° shokùiki° shokÎsee°, -ei° äe˙ jokee°, -ei°
shoäàkkoo shokuiku° shokÎsèekatsu, -èi- shokubutsùyu jokeikàzoku
ShòkatsÎ Kòomei shokùi˙ shokÎseki° shokubu˙° obs- shokèeshi, -èi-
shoka˙° shokui˙kùmiai shokuze˙° curation de- shoäekàeru°
joka˙° shokuì˙roku shokÎsè˙ki gree shoäekòmu°
shoka˙se˙° letter shoäuu° shokuzè˙shu° shokùbu˙ duty joketsu°
paper shokùe˙ shòkÎso shokubeni° shogèru
shokà˙se˙ pri- shokuè˙sui shokudai° shokuboo° shoke˙° one's
mary infection shokue˙chùusha shokÎtaku° shokumi˙° opinion, first
shokà˙choo shokuoya° shokÎtakùe˙ shokumi˙sèesa- sight
jokà˙toku shokuäai° shokÎtakÎsàtsu- ku, -èi- shòke˙ wise men
shòki anticipa- shokùäyoo ji˙ shokumì˙chi joke˙°
tion, the early shokuäyooa˙tee- shokÎchuusho- shòkùmu joäe˙°
days jo°, -ei- kùbutsu shokumùkyuu shòko
shòki° clerk, sec- shokuäyooìshÏki shokÎchùudoo shokumush˜tsù- shokoo° first
retary, heat shokuäyookyòoi- shokÎchòo° mo˙ proof, dawn
shokiàtari ku shokÎtsuu° shokumei°, -ee° shòkoo feudal
shokÏka° shokuäyooteki° shokudoo° shokumoo° lord
shok˜kà˙ shokuäyoobyoo° shokudòoäa˙ shokumoku° jokoo°
shokÏkà˙choo shokuäyoofùji˙ shokudòosha shokumòtare° jokòoeki
shok˜kyòku shokuäyoobetsu° shokudòoraku, shokùmotsu shoäookàtsuji
shok˜chòo shokuäyooyàkyuu kuidòo- shokumotsuarè- shòkoku
shokibàrai shokuäe˙° shokuniki° rugii shòkora
shokyuu° shokuäo° shokuni˙° shokumotsÎsè˙i shoko˙°
jokyuu° shokÎsai° shokuni˙kàtaäi shokumotsurè˙sa joäe˙°, -äo˙°
jòkyo shokuzai° shokunì˙äee, -ei shokuyàsumi shòsa
shòkyoo shokÎsàäashi shokunì˙hada shokuyoo° shosai°
shòäyoo° act, shokÎsa˙° shokùnoo° shokuyooàbura shozai°
deed, behavior shokÎsà˙jì˙ shokunòokyuu shokuyooäàeru josai°
shoäyoo all shòkÎshi shokubà° shokuyòoäiku jozai°
worldly phe- shokuji° shokubai° shokùyoku° shozàichi
nomena shokujìkoo° shokubakèkko˙ shokùryoo shozainài
jokyoo° shokujisèeäe˙, -èi- shokÎhatsu° shokuryòochoo josaiya°
jokyòoju shòkkÎshu° shokubatòosoo shokuryòona˙ shosàäoto
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 221

shozàppi shòsho first match shokkyuu° shone˙°


shosa˙° shòjo shose˙°, cho- war shòkki˙äu shonè˙do
shoza˙° jòjo early stages shòkku shonè˙hee, -ei
josà˙shi shoshoo° shozoo° shokkıshi jonokÎchi°
shosà˙pu shojoo° josoo° shokke˙° shòha
josà˙pu joshoo° josòokyoku shokke˙ranyoo° johàkyuu
shòshi jojoo° josòozai° shokkoo° shòbatsu°
shòji jojòoshi shozòosha shokkoononish˜ki shoha˙° first edi-
joshi° particle, jojòofu josòoro shòcchuu tion
foreword joshoku° shozoku° shottetàtsu Shòpa˙
jòshi° woman shojokòokai shozokuk˜kà˙ shotteru° joba˙°
joji° shoojòsaku shòzo˙° shòtto joba˙se˙°
joshÏkai° shojòchi joso˙dà˙pi shoppài shòhi
shoshìäaku shoshi˙° shotai° font shoppana° shobìku, shopp˜-
shòshika˙tetsu shoshì˙sha shòtai family shoppi˙äusè˙taa shohÏtsu°
shoshÏki° format shoshì˙ryoo shòdai° shoppu° shohyoo°
shoshÏki various shòsu jotai° shote shòbyoo
forms jòsu shotàike˙ shotee°, -ei° jobìraki
shojìki˙° josùu shotaijimìru jotee°, -ei° jòbu
jojìshi josùushi shotaidòoäu shòte˙° shofuu°
shojìsha shozùkue shotàinushi shode˙° shofÎku°
joshÏshài˙ shosùru shotàime˙ jotè˙i˙ shòbu˙
shoshìdai° josùru shotàimochì shotoo° early win- jobu˙°
joshidai°: joshi- shosee°, -ei° stu- shotaiyàtsure ter, elementary shoberùkàa
dàiäaku dent, political shodana° shòtoo° sugar shohe˙°
joshidàisee, -ei a‡airs shoda˙° -shòtoo: Izushòtoo shòho
shoshÏchìnichi° josee°, -ei° shochuu° sum- shòdoo shobòi
joshÏtsu° joseekàtaäi, -ei- mer height shotooka° shohoo° to pre-
joshÏtsùki joseegàsshoo, -ei- shòchuu° put in shotookyòoiku scribe
shojìhi˙° joseeki˙°, -ei- a letter shodòoäu shòhoo° writing
joshìbu shosèeku˙, -èi- jochuu° jodòoshi method
jojìbu˙° shosèeji, -èi- jochùuäiku shòtoku° shòhoo every di-
shòsha shoseejutsu, -èi- shochuukyùuka shotokùäaku rection, every-
shòshu joseeteki°, -ei- jochuubeya° shotokÎsùiju˙ thing
joshu° josèeto, -èi- jochuubòokoo shotokùzee, -ei jòhoo°
shoshuu° early josèebi, -èi- shochuumìmai shònai shohoose˙°
autumn, in- joseehòrumo˙, -ei- shochoo° shonànuka, -no- shobokurèru°
cluded shoseki° jochoo° jona˙° shòboshobo
shòshuu Bud- joseki° shokkai° jonìda˙ shobotarèru°
dhism deno- shosetsu° state- shokkaisee°, -ei° shonichi° shohoteki°
minations ment shokkaku° shonyuu° shòho˙
joshuu° shòsetsu various shokka˙° shoni˙° first ap- jomaku°
joshıseki° theories shokki° pointment jomakùshÏki
shoshÎtsu° josetsu° jòkki shòni˙ people shòmi˙
jojutsu° josètsısha jòkkii joni˙° shomi˙kàikyuu
soshu˙° shoseppo°, -ee- shokkìdana shonì˙kyuu shomi˙gì˙koo
shòju˙° shose˙° anyway, shokkÏtòdana shònetsu° ahomi˙teki°
222 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shòmu shìra shiraseru° interests shiritòrì


shomee°, -ei° shiraàe° shirataki shirì hips, bot- shirinùku
jomee°, -ei° Shirai° shiratama° tom shirinùäui
shomeeù˙doo, -ei- Shìrai Go˙pachì° shiratamàko° jìri shirinùke°
jomeeshòbu˙, -ei- jirai° land mine shiràcha Shìria shiribito°
shòme˙° jìrai after that shirachakèru shiriai° shiribire°
shomoo° jiràika shiràtsÎchi° shiriàu jirihi˙°
shòmoku shiràito° shirabakurèru shiriàäari shirifurì°
shòmotsu shiraitonotaki° shiràtsuyu° shìriasu shirimè°
shomò˙dai shirauo° shiranami° shiriatè° shìrimetsuretsu
shòya shiràume, -rà˙me shiranamigoni- shìriaru shirìmòchi
jòya shiraäà ˙òtoko shiriarunà˙baa jiriyasu°
shoyaku° shiraäaàtama shiranì shiriarubà˙goo shiryuu°
joyaku° shiraäàkubi shirànui° shìrìizu jiryuu°
shoyuu° shiraäazome° shiranukao° shiriuma°, -ri˙m- shìryo
joyuu° shiraäàneäi shiranùäahotokè shiriè° shiryoo° private
shoyùuke˙ shirakaba°, -kà˙- shìrane shiriòshi° land, careful
shoyùusha ba shiràha° shiriomo° consideration
shoyùuchi shirakabaha° shirabakurèru, shirìäai° shìryoo° venge-
shoyùubutsu shiràkabe° -kku- shirikàkÎshi ful ghost
shoyoo° shirakabezùkuri shìrabasu shirikàgeru shìryoo histori-
shòri shiraäamàjiri shirahata° shirikàraäe cal records,
joryuu° shiràkami Shirahama° shiriäaru° materials, da-
joryuusàkka shiràkayu shirahari° jiriki° ta, feed, fod-
joryuubù˙äaku Shiràkawa shiraharijòochi˙ jirikikoosee°, -ei° der, forage
shoryoo° shirakawayòfune shiràhiäe shirikiribà˙te˙ jìryoo
jòryoku° shiraki° shirabyòoshi shirikirè° shìryoku
shòrui° Shìraäi shirafu° white shirikiretò˙bo jìryoku
shoruishì˙sa shiràäiku spot shirikÎse° shìri˙
shoruisòoke˙ shirakizùkuri shìrafu soberness shirikodama° jiri˙°
shòrudaa shirakumo° jìrafu shiriäòmi° shirì˙daa°
shorudaabàggu shirakèru shìraberu shiriäòmu shiru° to know:
joretsu° shiraäèru shirabè shìriko˙ shiranai°, shi-
jore˙° shiràkò shirabeaäèru° shiriko˙bàree ròo, shirimàsu,
shoroo° shirasaäi° shirabèäawa° shirisàäari shÏtte°, shirèba,
joròo shirasaya° shirabemonò° jìrijiri shirè
joròokai, -ròkai shirshimèyu shirabèru shirizòku shìru soup, sap
jorooäùmo shirajìra shiraho° shirizokèru shìruètto
jorooya° shirashiraake° shirami° jiridaka° shìruku
shoro˙° one's shirajirashìi shiramitsùbushi shìritsu shirukusÎkurìi˙
opinion shìrasu° shiràmu jiritsu° shirukÎhàtto
shòro˙° intro- shirazu° shirayakì° shiritsugàkkoo shirukuròodo
duction jiràsu shirayuk˜hime jiritsÎshì˙kee, -ei shirukè
joro˙° shirazushìrazu° shiràyuri shiritsudàiäaku shirukò°
shòwake shirasuna° shirà˙kao shirippàshori, shirukoya°
Jò˙ shirasùnoshi° shirà˙puri -rihà- shirushi°
sho˙bòri shirase° shìri one's own shirippò -jìrushi: hoshijì-
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 223

rushi shiroùsaäi shiròzumi° shaäareäòe jì˙e˙ nephritis


shirushibàkari shirouma°, -o˙m- shirosòosu shiwaäarèru° shi˙oo°
shirushibàri shiròuri shiròtae° shiwakÎcha° Shi˙òokubo
shirushibà˙te˙ shiroeri° shirotabi° shiwake° shi˙o˙°
shirusu°: shirusa- shiroo° shirochìrime˙ shiwakechoo° shi˙ka
nai°, shirusòo, Shìroo shìròppu shiwakèru jì˙ka
shirushimàsu, jiroo° shiroppòi shiwaza° shì˙äaa
shirushÏte°, shi- Jìroo shirotsumèkÎsa jìwajiwa shì˙kai°
rusèba, shirusè jiròoäaki shironàmazu shiwasu°, shÏhasu° shi˙äai°
jìruba shìròoto shironà˙baa shiwadàrake° ji˙kai°
shìrubaa shirootoò˙na shironuki° shiwanòbashi° ji˙äai°
shirubaashìito shirootokÎsài shironuri° shiwabara° shi˙kàiäyo
shirubè° shirootòäei shironèzumi shiwàbuki° ji˙kaisàkÎse˙
shirùmono shirootogèshÎku shironeri° shiwabùku ji˙kaisè˙jutsu
shirùwa˙° shirootoshìbai shirobai° shiwayose° shi˙kàichi
shiree°, -ei° shirootobànare shirohata° jiwarì° shi˙äao°
jiree°, -ei° shirootòmè shirohachìmaki jiwàrijiwarì shì˙kaki
shirèeka˙, -èi- shirootòya shirohàbutae jiwarè° shi˙kaku°
shireechòoka˙, -ei- shiroobi° shirobìkari shìwà˙boo shi˙äaku°
shireetoo°, -ei- shiròkaki° shirobusa° shì˙ ji˙kaku°
shirèebu, -èi- shiroäàsuri shirobuchi° jì˙ shi˙äakuìwai
jìree Shiroäane° shiròboshi -ji˙: Amerikà- ji˙kakıka°
shireäoto° shiroäane° shìroho˙, -fo˙ jin, Niho˙jì˙ shi˙äakÎshìdoo
shiretsu° hot, shirokanèdai shiromame° shi˙ai° ji˙kàkısha
cutthroat shirokiji° shiromì° ji˙ai° shi˙äakùritsu
shìretsu° teeth shiroäìtsune shiròmizu shi˙a˙° shi˙kaäeryuu°
alignment shirogìnu° shiromiso° shi˙a˙tòkkyo shi˙äàsa°
jirettài shìroku shiromitsu° shì˙i ji˙äasàre˙°
jirètta˙to, di- shirokujichuu° shiròmu jì˙i shi˙äata°
shiremono° shirokuba˙° shiròmuku° shi˙iki° hi˙äàkki
shireru° shirokuma° shiromukÎtèkka Shi˙ichi° shi˙gàkkoo
jirèru shirokuro° black shìròme ji˙iteki° shi˙kana°
shirewatàru “ white shiromono° ji˙itòota shi˙kanazùkai
shìre˙° shìrokuro right shiromonokàde˙ shi˙iri° shì˙kabe
jirè˙ma “ wrong shiromòme˙ shi˙i˙° Shi˙äapòoru
shiro° castle shirokèmuri shiroyama° ji˙i˙° shì˙kara
shìro white shirogoma° jiròrì shi˙i˙see°, -ei° shi˙äara°
shiroato° shìrosa shirowài˙ ji˙i˙sèeri, -èi- shi˙äari°
shiròari° shirozake° shiro˙° ji˙ùe˙ shi˙kàro˙
shiroa˙° shirozàtoo jiro˙° shi˙uchi° shi˙ka˙° fuse,
shiròi: shìrokat- shirozara° shiwa° wrinkle shi˙ee°, -ei° new book,
ta, shìroku, shi- shiroji° shìwa historical ji˙ee°, -ei° new building
ròkÎte, shìro- shiroshÏta° story shi˙eetai°, -ei- shì˙ka˙° priest
kereba, shìroshÏ shiroshimèsu shiwài shi˙etsu° shi˙äa˙° mind's
shiroito° shiroshòozoku jiwài˙ shi˙e˙° eye
shiròime shirojìro shiwaude° ji˙e˙° smoke, shì˙äa˙° heart-
shirouo° jìrojiro shiwaäareäòe, fume felt wish
224 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shi˙ka˙shò° shì˙äuru jì˙äo shì˙sa shi˙jìdai


shì˙ki shì˙äurusu shi˙koo° ji˙zai° shi˙shÏtsu°
shì˙äi ji˙äurubèru shi˙äoo° ji˙zaigì˙koo shì˙jitsu°
ji˙ki° shi˙äurumàzaa ji˙koo° popula- ji˙zaihakè˙äyoo shi˙shÏteki°
jì˙äi shi˙kuro° tion shi˙sài˙ shi˙shìdoo
shì˙kiitte˙° shì˙ku jì˙koo, -ko al- shi˙sàka˙ shi˙jìnoo
shi˙äìkai shi˙äù˙° oes, agalloch shi˙saku° shi˙shibari°
shikìäe˙ ji˙ku˙° ji˙kooèesee, -èisei shi˙sakumono° ji˙jìbu
shi˙kìjiki shì˙kee, -ei ji˙kooèeyoo, -èi- shi˙sakumono° shi˙shìfÎku
ji˙äìsÎka˙ shi˙keeka°, -ei- shi˙kookàikyuu shi˙satsu° ji˙jifÎsee, -ei°
shì˙kimakinao- shì˙keekàbi˙ shi˙kooäàkari shi˙satsıke˙ shi˙sha° to buy
shi shi˙keekèetoo, shi˙äòoki shi˙satsùshÏtsu a new car
shì˙äimiryoo -keikèi- ji˙kook˜kyoo shi˙satsujò° shì˙sha hearty
shi˙kyuu° pro- shi˙kèekoo, -èi- shi˙kookee°, -ei° shi˙satsùbi thanks, to apol-
motion, acu- shi˙kèeshitsu, -èi- ji˙kookòkyuu shi˙sàyoku ogy sincerely
puncture shi˙kèeshoo°, -èi- shi˙kòokoku shi˙sa˙° shì˙ja
shì˙kyuu old “ shi˙keesùijaku, ji˙kòoshiba shi˙za˙° newco- jì˙ja
new -ei- shikooshùukyoo mer, new hand -jì˙ja: YasÎkuni-
shì˙kyo shi˙keese˙°, -ei- ji˙koojùsee, -ei shì˙za˙ deep jì˙ja
shi˙kyoo° state shi˙kèetsuu°, -èi- ji˙˙kooshì˙pai mountains jì˙jaa
of mind, pro- shi˙äeki° ji˙koozùnoo shi˙za˙mono° ji˙jaèeru
gress shi˙äekÏhàiyuu jikoochìnoo shi˙shi° tenter shi˙shaku° new
shì˙kyoo prote- shì˙ketsu° ji˙kooteki° shì˙shi sincere, interpretation
stantism shì˙äetsu ji˙kootòoseki gentleman shì˙shaku to
shi˙äyoo ji˙ketsu° ji˙koofıka shi˙ji° newly consider
shi˙kyoo°, shi˙ke˙° shi˙äoomachi° created charac- jì˙jabukkaku-
ni˙kyoo° shi˙äe˙° advise, ji˙koomìtsudo ter, cloth, in- shi˙shu°
shi˙gyòosoo counsel, pro- shi˙kòkyuu terlining shi˙shu° new
shi˙kyòochi verb shi˙kòki˙ shì˙ji Shinto kind
shi˙kyòoto shi˙äè˙° hypo- shi˙koku° ritual, auricu- shì˙shu enter-
shi˙kyoku° center Shìkoku la cordis prise
shi˙ki˙° ji˙ke˙° shi˙kokùäeki jì˙shi shi˙ju°
shi˙äi˙° shi˙kè˙zai shi˙kokÎsho° jì˙ji ji˙shu°
shi˙kì˙ka˙ ji˙ke˙juuri˙° Shi˙kokuritsu- shi˙jiàu° shi˙shuu° new
shi˙ki˙kòosoku shike˙shòobu gèkijoo shi˙jìike edition
shì˙ku shi˙äè˙chi shi˙kozàiku ji˙jiìdoo shì˙shuu° Shin
shì˙äu ji˙kè˙chi Ji˙äojì ji˙jìi˙ sect
jì˙ku ji˙kè˙hi ji˙kotsu° ji˙jìi˙kà˙koku Shì˙shuu god
shi˙kuu° shi˙äe˙bùkuro ji˙kòkki ji˙jika° land
shi˙äùu° shi˙kè˙poo shi˙kòcchoo shi˙shÏki° shi˙juu°
ji˙äùu ji˙kenyòoäo shi˙ko˙° newly shi˙shÏkyòotee, -ei shi˙juudate°
shi˙kuuka˙° shi˙ko° rice married couple Shi˙juku° shi˙juutè˙noa-
j˙äùukooäòo flour, very shì˙ko˙° heart “ shi˙jikèeto mijima
Ji˙äùuji young fish soul ji˙jìke˙ shi˙juumono°
shi˙kuupàkku shì˙ko old “ shi˙äo˙° shi˙jìko shi˙jùäai
jì˙kÎsu new shi˙äò˙shuu ji˙jisòshoo shi˙shÎku°
shi˙äumi° shi˙äo° shi˙ko˙ryòkoo shi˙jìtai Shi˙jukugyòe˙
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 225

Shi˙jùkıku shi˙jì˙oo shi˙sèeme˙, -èi- shi˙sotsu° shi˙chìshÏki


shi˙shÎkujìzai shi˙ji˙ka° ji˙sèero˙, -èi- jì˙ta shi˙cha°
Shi˙jukÎse˙° shi˙shi˙kiee°, -ei° shinsèkai shi˙tai° new shi˙chaku°
ji˙shÎsàbetsu ji˙shi˙kòoäeki shi˙seki° style shi˙chuu° occu-
shi˙shÎtsu° ji˙shi˙jìko jì˙seki° shì˙tai body, pation, brass
jì˙jutsu shi˙shì˙shoo° shi˙sesàizaa movement shì˙chuu° collec-
shì˙shÎtsukibo- shì˙shi˙sòoshÏtsu shi˙setsu° newly- ji˙tai° ligament tive suicide
tsu° ji˙shi˙bàibai established, jì˙taithe hu- jì˙chuu
Shi˙jùwa˙ ji˙ji˙bàshori fresh snow, man body shi˙chùugun˙
shi˙shu˙° shi˙jì˙rui new theory ji˙dai° serious ji˙chuumìmai
shi˙ju˙° shi˙sui° flood- shì˙setsu kind- jì˙dai° ancient shì˙cho
shì˙sho° new ing, to be ness, goodwill time shi˙choo°
book launched shi˙setsùäì shi˙taiùkaäai Shì˙choo
shì˙sho corres- shì˙sui° fuel “ shi˙setsuäòkashi shi˙daikàäiri ji˙chòoäe
pondence water, fire- shi˙setsunàdare ji˙daikàäura shi˙chookee°, -ei°
shì˙jò wood “ water shi˙zèru° shi˙dàike˙ shi˙chòoro˙
ji˙shò shì˙zui° shi˙se˙° shi˙taikè˙sa shi˙choku°
shi˙shoo° belief, ji˙sui° shi˙ze˙° ji˙dàiko shi˙chi˙tàisha
narrow victory shi˙suikàoku ji˙se˙° shi˙tàishi shi˙tsuu°
shì˙shoo fortune shi˙sùishÏki shi˙se˙äumi° Jì˙daiji ji˙tsuu°
shi˙joo° feeling, ji˙zuu° shi˙ze˙kèkko˙ shi˙dàisha ji˙tsùuriki
circumstances, Ji˙zùuäawa shi˙ze˙tàishi shi˙taishooäàisha shi˙te°
creed ji˙tsùuriki, -zùu- shi˙zè˙bi ji˙daishokubu- shi˙tei°
shì˙joo merit shi˙zuke° shì˙so tsùe˙ shi˙teki°
ji˙joo° shi˙zùru° ji˙zoo°, -zo° ji˙dàisuäi shi˙deshi°
ji˙jooka° ji˙sùru shi˙soo° shi˙tàisoo Shi˙dèrera°
shi˙shòosha shi˙see°, -ei° shi˙zoo° shì˙tai hàppu shi˙te˙°
ji˙jooshooäàk- ji˙see°, -ei° ji˙zoo° shi˙dàiya shi˙de˙°
koo benevolent shi˙zooìshoku shi˙tàiriku shi˙dè˙zu
shi˙shooboodai° rule, toughness ji˙zòoe˙° shi˙taku° shi˙de˙zùkuri
shi˙shòomochì jì˙see, -ei life ji˙zookèsseki shi˙takuäàisha shi˙tè˙chi
shi˙shoku° ero- shi˙sèekatsu, -èi- ji˙zooäo° shi˙takugì˙koo shì˙to
sion ji˙sèeka˙, -èi- ji˙zòoko shi˙takÎtòochi shì˙do
shì˙shoku mind ji˙sèeku˙, -èi- shi˙sooshi˙rìäa- shi˙tatsu° shi˙too° penetra-
“ composure ji˙seekèeke˙, ku shi˙datè° tion, permea-
shi˙jòtai -eikèi- shi˙sòosui Shi˙tamaäawa- tion, kinship
shi˙shoba˙° shi˙sèeke˙, -èi- ji˙zòoseki se˙° degree
shi˙jìru° shi˙sèeji, -èi- ji˙zoonì˙äe˙ shì˙ta˙° shì˙too new (po-
shi˙shìroku shi˙sèesha, -èi- ji˙zoobyoo° shi˙da˙° litical) party,
shi˙shi˙° rising shi˙seeshò°, -ei- shi˙zòobu jì˙ta˙ shintoism
shì˙shi˙° mind Shi˙seedàiäaku, shi˙zoomàhi shi˙dà˙kai shi˙doo° vibra-
“ body -ei- shi˙soku° shi˙da˙shò° tion, shock
shi˙ji˙° mew- ji˙seetètsùäaku, shì˙zoku° Shi˙chi° shì˙doo° child
comer, deep -ei- ji˙soku° jì˙chi prodigy
shi˙jì˙ faith, shi˙sèedo, -èi- shi˙zokÎkàiäi shi˙chÏku° ji˙too°
belief, piety shi˙sèehi˙, -èi- shì˙soko° jì˙chÏku° ji˙doo° sidewalk
ji˙shi˙° shi˙sèefu, -èi- shi˙sòzai shi˙chÏkuìwai jì˙doo° humanity
226 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

shitòoatsu shì˙ba shi˙bùyoo -jìumu of the night


Shi˙tookokokÎs- shì˙pa shì˙puru shì˙bochi ji˙yà
saikùukoo shi˙pai° shi˙bu˙° ji˙botsu° shi˙yaèeäyoo, -èi-
ji˙toosh˜kì ji˙pai° -shì˙bu˙: AsahÏ- shi˙poteki° shi˙yak˜ssa
ji˙dooshùäi shinoaiäotò° shì˙bu˙ shi˙bòtoke shi˙yàäyoo
ji˙tòozee, shi˙pàishoo° ji˙bu˙° shì˙boru shi˙yaku° new
ni˙tòozee ji˙pàori ji˙pu˙° shi˙borumàaku testament,
ji˙dooteki° shi˙paku° ji˙bu˙kàäaku shi˙po˙° new contact
shi˙toku° shi˙pàkısuu shi˙bu˙kìji shi˙mai° shì˙yaku° new
ji˙toku° virtue, shi˙pàäeki shi˙bu˙k˜shà jì˙maku drug
grace Shì˙bashi shi˙bu˙kòokoku ji˙màshi˙ Shi˙yakushijì
jì˙toku° benevo- Shì˙bashie˙bujoo shi˙bù˙shi shì˙mi blood Shi˙yakÎsèesho,
lence shì˙batsu shi˙bù˙sha relation, kind- -èi-
shi˙tomiza° shi˙patsu° shi˙bu˙shòosetsu ness shi˙yàsùne
Shi˙tomìchoo shi˙pahìäeki shi˙bu˙dai° shì˙mì freshness, shi˙yabàsu
ji˙tòrì shi˙bari° shi˙bu˙dàne° pungent taste shi˙yabi˙°
ji˙dòru shì˙baru shi˙bu˙chìri shi˙mise° shi˙yahòosoo
shì˙naa shi˙pa˙° invita- shi˙bu˙hàitatsu shì˙michi° shi˙yaryòoki˙
shi˙naaàsobi tion, violation, shi˙bu˙ya° shi˙mitsu° shi˙yu°
shi˙nai° new publica- ji˙bee°, -ei° ji˙myaku° shi˙yuu°
shi˙nàri tion shì˙pee, -ei shi˙myoo° shì˙yo
shì˙ni shì˙pa˙° judge- shi˙hèemi˙, -èi- shi˙mìri shi˙yoo°
shì˙i ment, referee shi˙pe˙° new shi˙mì˙ jinyoo°
ji˙niku° shi˙pà˙i˙ edition ji˙mì˙ shi˙yooäai°
shi˙nichi° shi˙pà˙ka˙ shì˙pe˙° mira- ji˙mi˙kòosha shi˙yooäashi°
shi˙nichÏka° shi˙hà˙ni˙ cle, around ji˙mi˙sàiba˙ shi˙yookì˙ko
shi˙nichÏha° shì˙pi one's person ji˙mi˙sè˙se˙ shi˙yookùmiai
shi˙niho˙ò˙äaku shi˙bijìumu, shì˙po ji˙mukèeki, -èi- shi˙yòoju
shi˙niho˙äami° -bijùu- shi˙boo° heart Ji˙mute˙nòo shi˙yoojùri˙
shi˙nyuu° shi˙pÏshùäi atrium, popu- shi˙me° shi˙yòojoo°
shi˙nyoo° shi˙pÏtsu° larity, confi- jì˙me, shì˙- shi˙yootèäata
shi˙nyùusee, -ei shi˙pÏteki° dence shi˙mee°, -ei° shi˙yootòrìhÏki
shi˙nyùumaku shi˙pyoo° shì˙boo axle, ji˙mee°, -ei° shi˙rai°
shì˙nyo shi˙pyoosee°, -ei° stem, endu- ji˙meekyùujo, -ei- ji˙rai°
shi˙ni˙° shi˙pi˙° rance ji˙mèebo, -èi- shi˙ratsu°
shi˙nì˙shiki ji˙pi˙° shi˙poo° ji˙mèeroku, -èi- shì˙raba˙shoo
shi˙nì˙joo° shi˙pu° new ji˙boo° shi˙mètorii shì˙ra˙
shi˙ni˙tòohyoo record shi˙pòosha ji˙mè˙° shì˙ri
shi˙neko° shì˙pu bride, shi˙boozuyòi shi˙mè˙moku shi˙rìäaku
shi˙ne˙mùttsùri father Ji˙bòochoo -˙boku ji˙rikì
shì˙ne˙ shi˙puu° shi˙booni˙° shi˙mosu° shi˙rishòosetsu
shi˙ne˙è˙kai shì˙fonii shi˙boku° shi˙motsu° shi˙riteki°
shi˙nè˙doo shi˙pÎku° friendship shi˙mo˙° shi˙ribyòosha
shi˙nòo shi˙fùze˙ shì˙boku° sacred ji˙mo˙° shi˙ryaku°
ji˙nooshootòoki shì˙butsu tree shi˙ya° newly- shi˙ryakÎshùäi
shì˙noyami jì˙butsu shi˙bòkıkai built house shi˙ryakÎsè˙soo
shi˙nori° shì˙butsÎko˙koo shi˙pojùumu, shì˙ya middle shì˙ryo
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 227

shi˙ryoo° suiaäe° itude, joy sùishi sus, recom-


shi˙ryoojò° suiaäepò˙pu zùiki good omen suiji° mendation
shi˙ryoonàika suiaäèru suikyaku° zùiji sùise˙ perpen-
shi˙ryoku° dark suiatsu° suikyuu° suishÏtai° dicular line
green, fresh sùii suiäyuu° suishÏtsu° suise˙shÏki°
leaves zùii° sùikyo suishini˙° suisè˙joo°
shì˙ryoku cen- zuiika° sùiäyo suijiba° suise˙nyùuäaku
tripetal force zuiikàmoku suikyoo°, -äy- suijìfu suise˙bè˙jo
jì˙ryoku human suiiki° sùikyoo sùisha° sùiso
power zuiìki˙° suiki˙° suijaku° suisoo°
jì˙ryoku° e‡ort, zùiichi suiäi˙° suishaäoya° suizoo°
endeavor suìitsu suiäi˙ka˙dà˙- suishu° zuisoo° random
shi˙riryòohoo suiitòpii kee, -ei zuijuu° thoughts
shi˙ri˙° suiitohòomu suiäi˙too° suiju˙° zuisòo° good
ji˙ri˙° suiitopòteto suikÎchi° zùisho omen
Shi˙ri˙kòoe˙ suiitomèro˙ suiku˙° suishoo° praise suisòoäaku
shi˙rìnyoku suiirèru suiäu˙° sùisho rock suizòoäa˙
shi˙rui° zuii˙° suikee°, -ei° crystal zuisòoroku
jì˙rui suiu˙° sùiäetsu suijoo° suisoku°
shi˙ruiäaki° zuiu˙° suiäè˙° zuishoo° suizòkıka˙,
ji˙rùiäaku suiee°, -ei° suigè˙chi suijòoki -òkka˙
shi˙ruizùkiai suièeäi, -èi- suikoo° suijookyòoäi suisobàkuda˙
shi˙ree°, -ei° suieejo°, -ei- suiäoo° suijookèesatsu, -èi- suiso˙°
shi˙rèejutsu, -èi- suieepà˙tsu, -ei- zuikoo° suijoosèekatsu, -èi- suitai°
shi˙reki° sùieki zuikòoi˙ suishootai° suidashi°
ji˙retsu° suie˙° to spray suikoosàibai suijoohÏkòoki suidashiäòoyaku
shì˙ro sùie˙ pancreati- suikòohoo° suishoku° water suidàsu
shi˙roo° tis suikojìdai erosion suitadòoshi
shi˙rooshì˙pu suio˙° suikòde˙ sùishoku° light suidama°
shi˙rokushì˙pu suika° waterme- Sùikote˙noo blue, sky blue suida˙°
shì˙roku° lom suikomi° suishi˙° sùichi
ji˙rokù° sùika fire “ suikòmu suiji˙° suichuu°
shi˙roshìdoo water, flood suisai° zuiji˙° suichùuka
shi˙ròse˙ disaster suisaiènoäu suishì˙ryoku suichuumèäane
shi˙ro˙° suiäai° suisaiäa° Sùisu suichuu°
shi˙wa° suiäàichi suisatsu° sùisui suichùuka
shi˙wàryoku suikàzura suisa˙° zuizuizukkorò- suichuumèäane
sù suiäara° suisà˙äaku bashi suichuuyòkÎse˙
suàe° suiäaràire suisa˙gàkkoo suisee°, -ei° suichoo°
sùashi suika˙° suisa˙kàbutsu suisèeäa˙, -èi- zuichoo°
auana° suiäa˙° suisà˙ki suiseeshòkùbu- suichoku°
suama° zuika˙° suisà˙äyoo tsu, -ei- suichòkıse˙
suàwase suiki° dropsy suisa˙kùmiai suiseedòobutsu, suitsÎki°
zua˙° sùiki moisture, suisa˙shÏke˙joo° -ei- suitsıku
zua˙ka° vapor suisà˙choo suiseetòryoo, -ei- suitsÎketàbako
sùi zuiki° taro stem suisà˙butsu suiseemùshi, -ei- suitsıkeru
zùi zùiki° deep grat- suishi° suise˙° narcis- suìcchi
228 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

suicchibàkku kuäà suiròbu Sùuda˙ sueshìjuu


suìccho suibotsu° suiro˙° sùuchi Sùezu
suitee°, -ei° sùima sui˙äu, suwì˙äu sùutsu Suezuù˙äa
suiteki° suimitsu° sùu number suutsÎkèesu suèzue
suide˙° suimyaku° suu° to breathe, sùudo suèze˙
suiti˙äuu suimi˙° to smoke, to suutoo° suetsÎke°
suitoo° suìmi˙äu absorb suùdo˙ suetsukèru
suidoo° suimi˙äukùrabu suwanai°: suòo, suuni˙° suekko°
suitooäàkari suimi˙äusÎkùu- suimàsu, sÎt- suune˙° suenoyò°
suidooka˙° ru te°, suèba, suè sùupaa suehiro°
suidòokyoku suimì˙zai° Suèede˙, Suwèe- suupaako˙pyùu- suehìroäari°
suidookòoji suimi˙jìka˙ sùukai taa Suehiròchoo
Suidoobashi° suimi˙bùsoku, suuäaku° suupaasÎtòa sueburo°
suitòoboo -˙fÎsoku° suuäàkısha suupaabàizaa suemùsume
zùitokujì suimì˙yaku suukàäetsu suupaamàaketto suemono°
suitori° zùimushi suukàne˙ suupàama˙ suemonoäiri°
suitorìäami suimee°, -ei° sùuki suupaarì˙doo sueru° to put, to
suitorìshi suimetsu° suuk˜kyoo suuhai° install, to set-
suitòru suimè˙° sùugyoo, suukoo° suubai° tle down
suito˙° suimè˙ka several times suuhàisha suèru to go bad,
suina˙° suimono° sùuko sùuhyaku to turn sour
suinoo° suimonòwa˙ suukoo° sublimity sùuhyakùe˙ Sùoo
suinomi° suimo˙° suukoku° sùuhyakùni˙ suòo
suibaku° sùiyaku suushi° sùupu suoòtoshi
suibakujìkke˙ Suiyòo suuji° number suufu˙° Suòonada
suiha˙° suiyòoeki sùuji several suumai° suòdori
suiba˙° suiyoosee°, -ei° times suumà˙ zuomo°
zuiha˙° Suiyòobi suujìka˙ suuma˙e˙° zùäa
suihà˙ki suiyoku° sushÏki° suuma˙ni˙° sÎkàato
suihi° suiyosèru suujiku° suumitsùi˙ sÎkàafu
sùibi suirai° suujitsu° suumitsÎkomò˙- sùäai
zuihÏtsu° suiraitee°, -ei° suujitsùrai kan zukai°
zuihÏtsuka° sùiri sùushu zùumu zuäàikotsu
sùifu zuiri° sùujuu zuumurè˙zu sÎkaidàibi˙äu
suifÎku° sùiriku suushùuka˙ suuyoo° suäaito°
suifuryuu° suirìke˙ sùujùuni˙ sùuri sÎkairài˙
sùibu˙ suirishòosetsu suushùrui suuryòo sÎkàuto
zùibu˙ suiryuu° sùusuu suuretsu° sùäao
suihee°, -ei° suiryòo° zuuzuushìi sue° suäàäaki
suihèese˙°, -èi- sùiryoku zuuzuube˙° zùe° suäaki° line
suihèefÎku, -èi- suiryokudè˙ki suusee°, -ei° sueishi° sketch
suihèeboo, -èi- suiryokÎhàtsu- suusè˙ suèede˙, suwèe- sùäaki vinega-
suihèeme˙, -èi- de˙ suuse˙e˙° sueedo° red pysters
suihe˙° suiree°, -ei° suuse˙ni˙° sueoki° sÎkasazu°
suihoo° suireishÏki° sùuta sueòku sÎkashi°
suiboo° sùire˙ suùtai sueosoroshìi sÎkashiori°
suiboku°: suibo- sùiro zùutai sueäoro sÎkashibori°
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 229

sÎkasu° sÎkiirèäami sÎkima° sÎkuinaäe° sÎkurìpÎto


zùkazuka sÎkiiro° sÎkimàkaze sÎkùìnushi sÎkùryuu
suäasuäashìi sÎkiutsÎshi° sÎkimi° sÎkuu° to res- suäùru
sùäata sÎkiokòsu suäimura° cue, to relieve: sugùrete
suäatàe sÎkiori° Suäìmura sÎkuwanai°, suäuremono°
sùäatakatachi suäiori° sÎkimono° sÎkuòo, sÎkui- suäurèru
suäatàmi° sÎkikaeshi° sÎkiya° màsu, sÎkutte°, sÎke° help, assis-
suäatayaki° sÎkikàesu sÎkiyaki° sÎkuèba, sÎkuè tance
suäàtari suäìäaki° sÎkiyazùkuri sukùu nest sÎkè undersecre-
sÎkàsshu sÎkikàtte sÎkyanaa° sÎkuutaa° tary
sÎkàtto suäikawa°, -kk- SÎkiyàbashi sÎkùupu suäe°
suäame° suäikawabuki° sÎkiyabòozu sÎkuuri˙äu° -zuke°: ichiyazuke°
Sùäamo sÎkikirai° Suäiyama° sÎkùuru zukee°, su-, -ei°
zuäara° sÎkiäushi° sÎkya˙daru sÎkuurukàraa sÎkeetaa°
sÎkarash˜ppu sÎkìkuwa° sÎkyuubadài- sÎkuuruzòo˙ sÎkeeti˙äu°
suäaritsıku sÎkiäe° bi˙äu sÎkuurubàsu sÎkèeto°
sÎkàaru, sÎkàru suäiäeta° suäiyùku sÎkuèa sÎkeetojoo°
suäaru° to hang suäiäoke° zukyoo° sÎkueadà˙su sÎkeetobòodo,
on sÎkigòkoro sÎkìru sùäuki sÎkeboo°
suäàru to rely on sÎkikonomi° suäìru: suäìnai, sùäusama sÎkeetorì˙ku
suäawaradè˙ju sÎkikonòmu suäiyòo, suäi- -zùkÎshi: koko- sÎkèeru
Suäawarano sÎkikonò˙de màsu, sùäite, rozùkÎshi, ku- suäekae°
Michìzane sÎkikomi° suäìreba, suäìro nizùkÎshi suäekàeru°
zuka˙° sÎkikòmu sÎkiruàppu sıkusÎku suäeäàsa
sÎkà˙ku suäizai° suäiwài° sÎkunai° sÎkejùuru
SÎka˙jinàbia, sugisàru zukì˙ sÎkunakàrazu zùkezuke
-iya sÎkìsha sÎki˙sh˜ppu sÎkùnàkÎtomo sÎkesòodàra
zùka˙sokunetsu sÎkìzuki zukì˙zuki˙ sÎkùnàkumo sÎkedachi°
sÎka˙pì˙ zùkizuki sÎki˙mìruku, sÎkuname° sÎkècchi
sÎka˙po° Sùäita Gè˙paku sÎkimumìruku sùäuni sÎkecchibùkku
sÎki° space, gap sÎkippara° sÎku° to comb, sÎkune° sÎketto°
sÎkì to love, to sÎkìppu to plow: sÎka- sÎkumiaäàru sÎkete°
like sÎteki° nai°, sÎkòo, sÎ- sÎkùmu sÎkedèppoo
suäi° sÎkite° kimàsu, suite°, -zùkume: kinu- sÎketòodàra
-suäi°: iisuäi°, suäìdo° sÎkèba, sÎkè zùkume, kuro- suäenài
tsÎkaisuäi° sÎkitòoru sıkù to like, to zùkume suäenàku
-suäì: shijuusuäì, suäina° be fond sÎkumèru sÎkèbe, -ee
sa˙jisuäì sÎkinabe° sùäu sÎkùyoka sÎkebeekò˙joo
sÎkiàu° Suäinami° -zùku: chooshizù- sÎkuràppu sÎkeru°
sÎkiàbura suäinàmiki ku, ojikezùku sÎkurappubùkku suäeru°
suäiaya° Suäinamìku -zukù°: chÏkara- sÎkuramu° sÎkèrutso
sÎkìi suäinòki zukù° sÎkurà˙buru sÎkèruto˙
suäiìta° suäibàshi sÎkui° -zùkuri: sÎkeroku°
sÎkìiäutsu suäibàyashi sÎkuiaäèru shi˙de˙zùkuri sÎkòa
sÎkiijoo° suäiharàäami sÎkuìami° sÎkurìi˙ sÎkoabùkku
sÎkìiyaa sÎkìbùsÎki sÎkùizu sÎkurii˙sèebaa sÎkoabòodo
sÎkiirìfÎto sÎkihòodai sÎkuidàsu sÎkurìpÎtaa sÎkòaraa
230 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

suäòi: sùäokat- zùshi, Zùshi suzukè° suzùyaka sudachì° citrus


ta, sùäoku, su- sujiài° sÎsukèru° suzùra˙ sudàtasu
äòkÎte, sùäoke- Zushiòo suzushi° suzurì sÎtakkàato
reba, sùäoshÏ sujìkai° suzushìi: suzù- sÎsuriaäèru sÎtà‡u
zukoo° sujiäakì° shÏkatta, suzù- suzurìishi sudatè°
suäoudè° sujiäane° shÏku, suzùshÏ- sÎsurikòmu sudatèru
sÎkòopu sujiäaneiri° kÎte, suzùshÏ- sÎsurinaki° zudabùkuro
sÎkòoru zushÏki° kereba, suzùshÏ sÎsurinàku sudama°
sÎkòo˙ sujiäuma° suzùshiro° suzurìbako sÎtamina°
sùäoku sujikò° sÎsùdake suzurìbuta sÎtari°
sÎkòshi sÎshizume° sÎsudakeiro° sÎsuru° sÎtarimono°
sÎkoshiäùrai sujidatè° suzuna° zusetsu° sÎtaru°
sÎkoshìzùtsu sÎshidàne° suzunari° sÎso° sÎtare°
sÎkòshidemo sujichìäai sÎsùhaki, sÎsoura° sudare°
sÎkoshibàkari sujippòi susÎhàki sÎsoäuke° sudareäoshi°
sÎkòshimo° sujibàru sÎsuhàrai sÎsoäo° sÎtaremono°
suäòsu: suäosà- sujibone° sÎsumi° sÎsosàbaki sÎtareru°
nai, suäosòo, sÎshimai° suzumì sÎsono° sÎtà˙ga˙
suäoshimàsu, sujìmichi suzumìdai sÎsomàwashi° sÎta˙dàado
suäòshÏte, suäò- sujimùkai sÎsumidèru sÎsomìjika sÎta˙do°
seba, suäòse sujimùkoo sÎsumu°: sÎsu- sÎsomòyoo sÎta˙doì˙
sùäosùäo sujimè manai°, sÎsu- sÎsoyokè° sÎta˙dopurèe
sÎkòcchi sÎshimshi° mòo, sÎsumi- sÎsowake° sÎtà˙tòma˙
SÎkottorà˙do sujimomì° màsu, sÎsu˙- sÎsowata° sÎtà˙bai
sÎkòppu sÎshìya de°, sÎsumèba zùta sÎtà˙pu
sÎkobùru sujoo° sÎsumè sÎtàa sÎta˙puì˙ku,
sÎkoburùtsÎki° zujoo° suzùmu: suzu- sÎtaashìsÎtemu -puì˙ki
suäomì sujòoyu mànai, suzu- sÎtàataa sÎchìimaa
suäòmu sujòoruri mòo, suzumi- sÎtàadamu sÎchìimu
suäomori° zushòryoo màsu, suzù˙- sÎtaato° sÎchiimuàiro˙
suäomòru zushìrì de, suzùmeba sÎtaatorài˙ sÎchìiru
suäomò˙ku zushì˙ suzùmushi SÎtàari˙ sÎchuuwàadesu
sÎkòyaka sùsu sÎsume° sÎtairìsÎto sÎchuwàado
suäorokù° suzu° bell suzume° sÎtàiru sÎchòoni˙
sÎsà° sùzu to tin suzumeòdori sÎtairubùkku sÎchiròoru
SÎsaki° zuzù, juzù suzumèzushi sÎtàuto zutsuu°
suzakuòoji sÎsuiro° suzumenonàmi- sudàku zutsuukoo°
suzakùmo˙ Suzuka° da sudàko zutsùumochi°
sÎsanòonomikoto suzukake° suzumèbachi sÎtàkora sÎtsùuru
sÎsabi° suzukakenokì suzumeyaki° sÎtàjiamu sÎkkarakà˙
sÎsabu° suzùkaze sÎsumeru°: su- sÎtajio° sÎkkàri
sÎsamajìi suzukatòoäe menai°, sÎsu- sıtasÎta zukkìini
sÎsamu° Suzuäamori° meyòo, sÎsume- zutazuta° into sÎkkìri
sÎsàru° sÎsuki°, susÎki° màsu, sÎsume- pieces zùkku
zusa˙° sÎsuäi° te°, sÎsumerèba zùtazuta rapidly sÎkkùto
sùshi suzuki° sÎsumerò sudachi° to zukkokèru
sùji sÎsuäu° suzùmoto leave home zusshìri
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 231

sÎttamò˙da sùdeni sÎtorippÎshòo leather bag subikì°


sÎttè˙korori, sÎtene° sÎtorèeto zùnoo brain, head zuhÏkì°
sÎttè˙korori˙ sÎteba° sÎtòresu sunòokeru sùbitsu
sÎtte˙tè˙ sÎtebachi° sÎtorècchi sunootàiya sÎpìttsu
zutto° sÎtefudà° sÎtorècchaa sunoobòoto zuhyoo°
suttòbu sÎtebuchi° sÎtòroo sunoobòodo sÎpìritto
sÎttobokèru sÎtemi° sÎtoròoku sunoomòobiru sÎpì˙
sÎttò˙kyoo sÎtemono° sÎtorobèrii zunooròodoo sùfu
sÎppài sÎteru°: sÎtenai°, sÎtorobo° sunokò° zùfu
sÎppàdaka, sÎteyòo, sÎte- sÎtoro˙chùumu, sunòmono zùbu
sÎhàdaka màsu, sÎtete°, -chìumu sÎpàaku sÎfì˙kÎsu
sÎppanuki° sÎterèba, sÎterò suna° sıpài sÎpùutòniku
sÎppanùku sÎtereo° sunaàsobi sÎpàiku sÎpù˙, sÎpùu˙
sÎppami° sÎtereotàipu sunaàrashi sÎpaikÎtàiya zùbuzubu°
sÎppàri sÎteròido sunae° sÎpàisu sùbuta
sÎppi˙° sÎte˙dogùrasu sùnao sÎpàiraru zubutòi
sÎppokashi° sÎtè˙resu sunakàburi sÎpagètti zubunure°
suppokàsu sùtò sunakabe° sùbako° suburi°
supponukèru sÎtòa sunaäimo° subashÏkkòi, sÎpurì˙äu
sÎppòri sÎtoìkku sunakèmuri -shÏkòi sÎpuri˙äukòoto
sÎppo˙° Sùdoo sunaäo° sıpàsÎpa sÎpuri˙äubòodo
sÎppo˙pò˙ sÎtookaa° sunaji° zùbazuba sÎpurì˙kuraa
sùdè sudòoshi° sunàkku sùhada sÎpurì˙taa
sÎtèi sÎtòobu sunakkubàa sÎppàdaka, sÎhà- sıfure
sÎteishi° sudòofu sunàppu sÎpàttsu sÎpùrèe
sÎteinu° sÎtòomu sunappuè˙doo sÎpàna sùbè
sÎtei˙° sudòori° sunappÎshàshi˙ subànashi sÎpèa, sÎpèya
sÎteuri° sÎtòorii sunadòkee, -ei subànare sÎpearìbu
sÎtèeki sÎtòoru sunadorì° zubanukèru SÎpèi˙
sÎtèeji sÎtòke˙ sunadòru sÎhana° sÎpeì˙kaze
sÎtèesho˙° sÎtòkki˙gu sunaba° sÎhamàdai SÎpei˙äo°
sÎtèetasu sÎtòkku sunahama° sÎpamumèeru sÎpèesu
sÎtèetome˙to SÎtokkÎhòrumu sunahara° subayài sÎpeesÎshàtoru
sÎteòku° sÎtòppaa sunabùkuro subarashìi sÎpeedo°
sÎteòbune sÎtòppu sunaburo° sùbaru subekàraku
sÎteäana° sÎtoppuuòcchi sunabòkori° sÎparta°: sÎpa- sÎpèkÎtakuru
sÎteäane° sÎtomai° sunayama° rutashÏki° sÎpèkÎtoru
sÎteki° sudòmari sunàwachi sÎparutakyòoiku zubekòo
sÎteäo° sÎtoyàburi sunì sÎpà˙ sÎpesharìsÎto
sÎtekòtoba sÎtoràiki suniikaa° zuha˙° sÎpèsharu
sÎtesàru sÎtoràiku sunùupii sÎpa˙kòoru sùbesube°
sÎtezèrìfu° sÎtoràipu zunukèru sÎpìichi subeta°
sÎtèkkaa sudorì° sunè sÎpìidii subekkòi
sÎtècchi sıtò sunèatè sÎpiido° sùbete
sÎtèppu sÎtorìito sunekàjiri sÎpiidoàppu suberàsu
sÎteteko° sÎtorìppaa sunèru sÎpiidoìha˙ suberì
sÎtedòkoro sÎtorìppu zunoo° map sÎpiidojìdai suberiochìru°
232 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

suberikomi° sumàu sumitòrì ra°, shijuuzura° sùrìppa


suberikòmu° sumaki° suminàäashi suràisu sùrìppu
suberìdai sumashì suminarèru° suraidaa° suritsubùsu
suberidashi° sumashijìru sumìnawa° suraidi˙äu° surinukèru°
suberidàsu° sumashiya° suminikùi suraido° surìbachi
suberidèru° sumàsu: sumasà- Suminòe suraidosee°, -ei° suribachijoo°
suberidome° nai, sumasòo, sumìbi° zurakàru° suriba˙°
sÎpèri˙äu sumashimàsu, sumimasè˙ zuràsu surìhiza
subèru: suberà- sumàshÏte, su- sumìya sùrasura suriheràsu°
nai, suberòo, màseba, sumàse sumìyaka suràkkÎsu surihèru
suberimàsu, sumasèru sumiyakì° Sùrabu suriho˙°
subètte, subère- sumàkku sumiyakìäama sùramu surimi
ba, subère sumàsshu sumiyakigoya° suramùäai sùrimu
sÎpèru Sumatora° Sumiyoshijì˙ja suràrì surimuki°
sÎpoito° sùmi corner, sumiyoshizùkuri zuràrì surimùku
sÎpòiru nock sumiyoshinì˙- surà˙äu surimukèru
zuhoo° sumì charcoal äyoo surà˙pu surìmono
sÎpòokÎsuma˙ sumiito° sumìre sùri pickpocket zuryoo°
sÎpòotsu sumiìrè sumireirro° surì printing suriyosèru°
sÎpootsuuèa sumiiro° sumiwatàru° suriaäari° suriyòru
sÎpootsıkàa sumiùchì sùmu: sumànai, suriaäàru° sùriraa
sÎpootsukyàsÎtaa sumie° sumòo, sumi- zuriaäàru° suriraashòosetsu
sÎpootsÎsè˙taa sùmika màsu, sù˙de, suriagè° surìri˙äu
sÎpootsùma˙ sumikae° sùmeba, sùme suriaäèru° sùriru
sÎpootsuma˙- sumikaeru° sumùuzu, -su surìashi suru° to practice:
sh˜ppu sumikàkì -zume°: rikÎtsu- surìi shinai°, shiyòo,
sÎpootsuyòohi˙ sumiäakì° zume° suriidìi shimàsu, shÏte°,
sÎpòotii sumìkaäo sumeraäi° suriibà˙to surèba, shirò
suboshì° sumìäama sume˙° suriipìisu sùru to print,
zùboshi° sumikìru zume˙° surìibu mimeograph,
sÎpòtto sumiäòkochi° sumoo° surìe° to file: surànai,
sÎpottoràito Sùmisu sumòoku zuriochìru° suròo, surimà-
subomàru sùmìzumi sumookÎsàamo˙ surikaèru° su, sıtte, sùre-
subòmu sumìso sumòojaya surìäane° ba, sùre
subomèru sumizome° sumoojì˙ku surigàrasu zùru
zubora° Sumida° sumòotori surìkizu zurùi
subori° Sumidàäawa sumòäuri surikiri° Sùruäa
zùbò˙ Sumidàku sùmoji surikìru zuruäashÏkòi
sÎpo˙saa° sumìdana° sumòkku surikirèru° Suruäàdai
sÎpo˙ji° sumidàwara sumòggu surikòäi° Suruäàwa˙
sÎpo˙jikèeki sumistÎkì° sumomo° surìgoma zurukèru
suzubò˙shÏta° sumitsùäi sùmo˙ surikomi° surukotonàsÎko-
zubò˙tsuri sumitsıku° sumo˙byoo° surikòmu to
Sùma sumìkko suyakì° zurisaäàru° sùrusuru
sumàato sumitsubo° sùyasuya suridashi° zùruzuru°
sùmài sumidèmae suyomi° suritsÎkèru zuruzurubèttari
sumàiru sumitomo° -zura°: okamezu- surìtto zuruchi˙°
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 233

zurukkokèru° suwatte°, suwa- -cy: a˙ze˙see°, seeäakÎka°, sei- Seeka˙tò˙neru,


suruto° rèba, suwarè -ei°, teejisee°, seekakÎhàiyuu, Sei-
surudòi sùwa˙ teijisei°, niho˙- sei- seeka˙re˙rakÎ-
surume° sù˙ see°, -ei° seekakubyòosha, se˙°, sei-
surumèika su˙i˙° -sei student: sei- sèeki, sèi-
zuruyàsumi sù˙ka ichinè˙see, -ei, seekàzoku, sei- sèiäi, sèi-
zurè su˙ka˙° ke˙kyùusee, -ei seekatai°, sei- seekìäu˙, sei-
-zure°: kodomozu- zu˙äùri sèe, sèi sèekata˙de˙, sèi- seekibyoo°, sei-
re°, fÎtarizure° zu˙äurimùkkuri zèe, zèi seekatsu°, sei- seekìmatsu, sei-
sureàu su˙äeki° seeatsu°, sei- seekatsÎka°, sei- seekimatsÎteki°,
sureeto° su˙äè˙° seea˙°, sei- seekàtsıka˙, sei- sei-
sureetobuki° su˙äoo° Sèea˙, Sèi- seekatsÎkà˙kyoo, seekyaku°, sei-
zurekòmu su˙koku° sèei, sèii sei- seekyuu°, sei-
suresure° sù˙shi seeiki°, seiiki° seekàtsıkyuu, sei- seekyùuäaku, sei-
surechiäai° sù˙ji register, holy seekatsÎkyoodoo- seekyuushò°, sei-
surechiäàu° su˙shaku° to get precincts kùmiai, sei- sèekyo, sèi-
surekarashi°, -kk- temporary Seeiki°, Saiiki° seekàtsıku, sei- sèeäyo, sèi-
surèru: surènai, small loans Western Mar- seekàkkoo, sei- seekyoo°, sei- poli-
sureyòo, sure- sù˙shaku° to ches seekatsÎshìdoo, tical a‡airs, to
màsu, sùrete, measure seeiku°, seiiku° sei- be prosperous
surèreba, surèro su˙shakÎsàäi sèii taishòoäu˙ seekatsısha, sei- sèekyoo°, sèi- or-
zurèru su˙zùmari° Seeichi°, Seii- seekatsùshùuka˙, thodoxy
suròo su˙zè˙° sèeìppai, sèiì- sei- seeäyoo°, sei-
zuroo° su˙ze˙shàkuma seei˙°, seii˙° seekatsÎshuu- seekyòoiku, sei-
surooi˙äu° su˙tàrazu sèeu, sèiu ka˙byoo°, sei- seekyòoi˙, sei-
suròoga˙, -ä- su˙da˙° seeùkee°, seiùkei° seekatsÎsùiju˙, seekyòokai, sei-
zuròosu sù˙tetsu° sèeukenyoo, seiu- sei- seekyòoto, sei-
suroodàu˙ su˙dènokotò seeùchi°, sei- seekatsÎsèkkee, seekyoku°, sei-
suròoni˙ sù˙do seeu˙°, sei- sei- seeki˙°, sei-
suròopu zu˙doo°, -do° seeu˙°, sei- seekatsÎtàido, sei- zeeki˙°, zei-
suroofùudo zu˙doäiri° sèeeki, sèie- seekatsùna˙, sei- sèeku, sèi-
suròomoo: suroo- su˙nàri seee˙°, sei- seekatsÎhàisui, seekùuke˙, sei-
mòosho˙ su˙byoo° seeoo°, sei- sei- seekùrabe, sei-
surooràifu su˙pyoo° seeo˙°, sei- calm- seekatsÎhà˙noo, seeku˙°, sei-
zuroku° sù˙pu ness, imperial sei- seekee°, sei-
sùwa su˙bu˙° blessings or seekàtsıhi, sei- seekeeäàkubu,
Sùwà zu˙beràboo favor seekatsÎhòäo, sei- sei-
Zuwàìäani zu˙boo° sèeo˙°, sèi- voice- seekatsùryoku, seekeegèka, sei-
Suwako° sè less sound sei- kei-
suwari° zè sèeka, sèi- seekàbutsu, sei- seekeeshùjustu,
suwarikomi° -ze, -zè: nakùze, seekai°, sei- seekarà˙naa, sei- seikei-
suwarikòmu yòmuze, akài- seekàike˙, sei- seekarìree, sei- seekèehi, seikèi-
suwarizùkue ze, akaizè, shi- seeäàiha, sei- seeka˙°, sei- seeketsu°, sei-
suwaridàko ròize seekàäaku, sei- seeäa˙°, sei- seeke˙°, sei- poli-
suwaru°: suwara- Zeami° seekaku°, sei- zeeka˙°, zei- tical views or
nai°, suwaròo, sèi seeäaku°, sei- seeäà˙zai°, sei- power, admi-
suwarimàsu, -sei° -ty, -ity, ess, zeeäaku°, zei- seeäà˙sha, sei- nistration
234 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

sèeke˙°, sèi- saints sèeza˙, sèi- seejish˜kì˙, sei- seeshoku°, sei- tone seesùru, sei-
“ sages seesa˙kaäòobu- seejisèemee, seiji- seeshòkısha, sei- seesee°, seisei°
seeäè˙, sei- tsu, sei- sèimei seeshòkuki, sei- creation, for-
zeeäè˙, zei- seesa˙kàjoo°, sei- seejidà˙tai, sei- seeshòhoo°, sei- mation
seeke˙àrasoi, sei- seesa˙kàri, sei- seeshÏtsu°, sei- seejìryoku, sei- seesèe, seisèi feel-
seeäe˙jìka˙, sei- seesa˙kà˙ri, sei- seejitsu°, sei- seeshi˙°, sei- to ing relieved
seeke˙hòosoo, sei- seesà˙ke˙, sei- seejiteki°, sei- go west, fresh sèezee, sèizei
seeäo°, sei- young seesa˙kòsÎto, sei- seejitòosoo, sei- sèeshi˙, sèi- spir- zeesee°, zeisei°
sea bass, sei- seesà˙sha, sei- seejìha˙, sei- it, will zeeseekàikaku,
sèeäo°, sèi- post- seesa˙shakàka- seejimò˙dai, sei- seeji˙°, sei- zeisei-
natal, correc- ku, sei- sèesha, sèi- seeshi˙a˙tèezai, seesèekatsu, seisèi
tion seesa˙shabèeka, sèeja, sèi- sei- zeeseechoosàkai,
seekoo°, sei- sei- seeshài˙, sei- seeji˙èeäa, sei- zeisei-
seeäoo°, sei- seesa˙shò°, sei- seejaku°, sei- ji˙èi- seesèe doodòo,
seekòoi, sei- seesa˙jò°, sei- zeejaku°, zei- seeshi˙èesee, sei- seeseedoodoo°
seekooùdoku, sei- seesa˙see°, sei- seeshu°, sei- shi˙èisei seeseerute˙°, sei-
seekòokai, sei- seesà˙daka, sei- seejuu°, sei- seeshimka°, sei- sei-
seekoojò°, sei- seesà˙chi, sei- zeeshuu°, zei- seeshi˙kà˙tee, seeseki°, sei-
seeäoosee°, sei- seesa˙teki°, sei- zeeshùunyuu, zei- sei-, -tei seesekiju˙°, sei-
seekootootee°, sei- seesà˙chi, sei- seeshÎku°, sei- seejì˙shÏki, sei- seesekÏhyoo°, sei-
seekòohoo°, sei- seesa˙teki°, sei- seejuku°, sei- seeshi˙shòoäai, seezetsu°, sei-
seekòoritsu, sei- seesà˙hi, sei- seeshu˙°, sei- sei- seesèkkai, sei-
seekoo° seesà˙butsu, sei- seeju˙°, sei- seeshi˙jòotai, sei- seese˙°, sei-
seekoku° seesà˙ryoo, sei- seesho°, sei- print- seeshi˙sèei, sei-, seeze˙°, sei-
seekotsu°, sei- seesà˙ryoku, sei- ing, square -èii seese˙shokuryòo-
seekotsùi˙, sei- seeshi°, sei- con- characters seeshi˙teki°, sei- hi˙, sei-
seeäohyoo°, sei- trol, spinning, seesho, sèi- Bi- seeshi˙nè˙ree seezè˙setsu, sei-
zeekomi°, zei- standstill ble, height of seeji˙nohì, sei- sèeso, sèi-
seeko˙°, sei- mar- sèeshi°, sei- to summer seeshi˙hàkuja- seesoo°, sei-
riage look straight sèejo, sèi- ku, sei- seezoo°, sei-
sèeko˙°, sèi- en- sèeshi, sei- true seeshoo°, sei- seeshi˙hakuja- seezòoäyoo, sei-
ergy history seejoo°, sei- kùji, sei- seesòoke˙, sei-
sèesa, sèi- seeji°, sei- politics seejòoka°, sei- seeshi˙byoo°, sei- seesòosha, sei-
seeza°, sei- sèeji, sèi- politic- Seejooäàkue˙, seeji˙byoo°, sei- seezooshò°, sei-
sèeza° al a‡airs, Sei- seeshi˙byòoi˙, seezoomoto°, sei-
seesai°, sei- prime of life seejooki, sei- sei- seesoku°, sei-
seezai°, sei- seejiiro°, sei- Seeshoonàäom, seeshi˙bù˙seki, sèezoku, sèi-
seezai° shò° jò°, sei- seejiù˙doo, sei- Sei- sei- seezòroi, sei-
seesaku°, sei- seeshièesee, sei- seeshòone˙, sei- seeshi˙bu˙rètsıs seezo˙°, sei-
seesaku° jò° shò°, shièisei seeshoonè˙kyo- hoo, sei- seezo˙kyòosoo, sei-
sei- seejika°, sei- ku, sei- seeshì˙ryoku, sei- seezò˙ke˙, sei-
seesàkısha, sei- seejìäaku, sei- seejooyàsai, sei- seeshi˙ròodo, sei- seezò˙sha, sei-
seesàkıhi, sei- seejikàtsudoo, sei- seeshoku°, sei- seeshì˙ro˙, sei- seetai°, sei-
seesatsu°, sei- seeshÏki°, sei- healthy com- seezu°, sei- seedai°, sei-
seesatsuyòdatsu, seeshìäyoo, sei- plexion, repro- seesui°, sei- seetàiäaku, sei-
sei- seejikè˙ki˙, sei- duction, voca- sèezui°, sèi- seetaikee°, seitai-
seesa˙°, sei- seeshÏkòojoo, sei- tion seesùu, sei- kei°
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 235

seetaimòsha seedoo°, sei- zeebiki°, zei- seeboo°, sei- seeyùukai, sei-


seetaku°, sei- seetòoka, sei- seebìshi, sei- zeehoo°, zei- seeyoo°, sei- rest,
sèedaku°, sèi- seedòoki, sei- seehÏtsu°, sei- seehòokee, sei- recuperation
zeetàkù, zei- seedookijìdai, sei- seehyoo°, sei- hòokei sèeyoo, sèi- West-
zeetakuzà˙mai, seetòosha, sei- seebyoo°, sei- seehoku°, sei- ern countries
zei- seetoosèeji, sei- seehyòoki, sei- seehokÎsee°, sei- seeyooò˙äaku, sei-
sèedasu, sèi- seetoonàikaku, seehìree, seihìrei hokÎsei° seeyooäa°, sei-
seeta˙°, sei- sei- seehi˙°, sei- seehòrumo˙, sei- seeyòoka˙°, sei-
seeda˙°, sei- seetooha°, sei- seefù, sei- seeho˙°, sei- seeyòozara, sei-
seetà˙sai, sei- seetoobòoee, sei- sèebu, sèi- seeho˙ya°, sei- seeyòoshi, sei-
seechi°, sei- seedòka°, sei- seefùa˙, sei- seemai°, sei- seeyooshÏki°, sei-
ground leveling seetòkai, sei- seefuu°, sei- seemaijò°, sei- seeyòoji˙, sei-
sèechi, sèi- deli- seetoku°, sei-, seefùuzoku, sei- seemitsu°, sei- seeyoofuu°, sei-
cate, subtle, shootoku° Seebùe˙, Sei- seemitsuk˜kài, sei- seeyooryòori, sei-
sacred place, seedoku°, sei- seefÎku°, sei- con- seemitsÎkè˙sa, sei- sèeyoku°, sèi-
birthplace seetoshìdoo, sei- quest, uniform seemyoo°, sei- sèerai, sèi-
zeechÏku°, zei- seetotèchoo, sei- sèefÎku, sèi- boss sèemu, sèi- seera˙°, sei-
seecha°, sei- seeto˙°, sei- “ vice zèemu, zèi- sèeri, sèi-
seechuu°, sei- seena˙°, sei- seebùäeki, sei- seemùka˙, sei- zèeri, zèi-
seechoo°, sei- seena˙see°, sei- seefısuji, sei- seemujìka˙, sei- seerìäaku, sei-
seechòokabu, sei- na˙sei° Seebuse˙°, Sei- zeemùsho°, zei- seerikyùuka, sei-
seechòoki, sei- seena˙sè˙soo, sei- sèebutsu°, sèi- seemee°, seimei° seerìke˙, sei-
seechòozai, sei- seena˙noèki, sei- seebutsuäa°, sei- proclamation seeriäè˙shoo, sei-
seechoosà˙äyoo, seeniku°, sei- seebutsùäaku, sei- sèemee, sèimei zeerìshi, zei-
sei- zeeni˙ku°, zei- seebutsuäàkÎ- name, life, soul seerishokuè˙sui,
seechòoritsu, sei- seenyuu°, sei- sha, sei- seemeekòoäaku, sei-
seetsuu°, sei- zeenuki°, zei- seebutsuhèeki, sei- seimei- seeridà˙su, sei-
seetee°, seitei° seene˙, sei- seebuyuuè˙chi, seemeeshò°, sei- seeritsu°, sei-
seeteki°, sei- seene˙äàkkyuu, sei- mei- zeeritsu°, zei-
seetetsu°, sei- sei- seefu˙°, sei- seemèese˙°, sei- seeriteki°, sei-
seetetsu° jò° shò°, seene˙gàkkoo, sei- seebu˙°, sei- o‚- mèi- seeryaku°, sei-
sei- seene˙äàppi, sei- cial text, papers seemeehà˙da˙, seeryakÎkèkko˙,
seetetsùäyoo, sei- seenè˙ki, sei- sèebu˙, sèi- seimei- sei-
seete˙°, sei- seenè˙shiki, sei- component, seemèebu˙°, sei- seeryuu°, sei-
sacred book seenè˙da˙, sei- math entry mèi- seeryuutoo°, sei-
seetè˙°, sei- blue seenoo°, sei- seebù˙hoo°, sei- seemeehòke˙, seeryoo°, sei-
sky sèeha, sèi- seehee°, seihei° seimei- seeryooi˙ryòo-
seede˙°, sei- sèebai, sèi- seeheki°, sei- seemèeryoku, sei- sui, sei-
seetè˙ka˙, sei- seehaku°, sei- seebetsu°, sei- mèi- seeryòode˙, sei-
seedè˙ki, sei- seebaku°, sei- seihe˙°, see- seeme˙°, sei- sèeryoku, sei-
seete˙nohekire- seehatsu°, sei- seebo°, sei-: osee- seemooku°, sei- seeryokÎàrasoi,
ki°, sei- sèebatsu, sei- bo° year-end sèeya, sèi- sei-
seete˙hakujitsu°, seehatsùryoo, sei- gift seeyaku°, sei- seeryokÎka°, sei-
sei- seeha˙°, sei- sèebo, sèi- Holy seeyakuäàisha, sei- seeryòkıke˙, sei-
sèeto, sèi- seehà˙tai, sei- Mother, real seeyakÎshò°, sei- seeryokÎteki°, sei-
sèedo, sèi- sèehi, sèi- mother seeyu°, sei- seeryokÎhà˙i, sei-
seetoo°, sei- sèebi, sèi- seehoo°, sei- seeyuu°, sei- sèerui°, sèi-
236 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

seeree°, seirei° sekairè˙poo sekÏshi˙° sekibutsu° sekè˙chi


seereeshÏteitòshi, sèäaki° sekìzui sekÏhee°, -ei° seke˙tee°, -ei°
seireishÏtei- sekàsu sekÏsee°, -ei° sekibetsu° seke˙teki°
seereki°, sei- sèkaseka sekÏseiì˙ko sekiboku° seke˙nami°
seeretsu°, sei- sekasèru sekÏsetsu° sèkimu seke˙nare°
seere˙°, sei- sèkàkkoo sekÏsetsùryoo sekime˙° seke˙bànashi
seeroo°, sei- zèäahìdemo sekize˙° sekìmori sekè˙mizu
sèero, sèi- seäàmu sekizoo° sekiyu° sèke˙ munezàn-
seero˙°, sei- seäare° sekidai° im- sekiyukàäaku yoo
Sèero˙°, Sèi- seäawa° promptu sekiyuko˙binàa- sèko
seewagè˙ji, sei- seka˙do° poem subject to sekòi
Zèusu seka˙dohàusu sekìdai° admis- sekiyusÎtòobu sekoo°
seekàkkoo sèki seat, product sion fee sekiyurà˙pu sekoha˙°
seekùrabe sekì cough sekÏtatèru° sekyùritii seko˙do°
zèezee sekiaku° sekÏtà˙ sekiyoo° sesai°
sèetaa sekiaäèru° sekÏta˙gàsu sekirara° Sezà˙nu
seetaka° sekìee°, -kìei° sekÏta˙sa˙° sekirà˙u˙ seji° compliment
seetakanòppo sekiäa° sekichÏku° sèkiri sèji worldly
Seenùäawa sekiäaise˙° sekÏchuu° sekirìki˙° a‡airs
sènobi, sèe- sekiäaise˙fìrumu sekÏchi˙° sekiryoo° loneli- seshimèru
sèefu sekiäaku° sek˜tsui° ness sèshu
sèebu sekiäashi° sekÏtsuikàriesu sekìryoo° cover seshuu°
seefÎtiinètto Sekiäàhara sekÏtsuidòobutsu charge, rental seshuuzàisa˙
seefÎtiibà˙to sekÏka˙°, sekka˙° sekÏtee°, -ei° fee seshìumu,-hùu-
sèeraa sekiäa˙° sekÏtoo° sekirei° sejoo°
seeràafÎku Sekìäuchi sekidoo° sekiroo° sèji˙
sèeru sekiäu˙° sekidoochòkka sekiwake° jesuittoha°, ze-
sèerusu sekÏkomi° sekidome° sekiwa˙° sesuji°
seerusÎpòi˙to sekÏkòmu sekÏtomèru° segi˙: sekaigì˙- jèsÎchaa, zè-
seerusùma˙ sekÏsai° sekÏtòrì koo sèsuna
seoinaäe° sekìzai° sekini˙° sèku zesee°, -ei°
seòu sekÏsàibutsu sekinì˙ka˙ sèkÎshii sesekomashìi, -kk-
seòyoäi sekÏsàiryoo sekinì˙sha sekÎshonarìzumu zezeh˜hi
sèorii sekÏsa˙° sekini˙nòäare sèkÎsho˙ zezehÏhishùäi
sèkai sèkÏshi sekine˙° sèkÎtaa seseraäi°
sekaiìsa˙ sekiji° sekinòto sèkÎto seserawàrai
sekàiichi sekishÏtsu° sekinoyamà sekÎtoshùäi seserawaràu°
sekàika˙ sekijitsu° sekÏhai° sekÎhara°: sekÎ- sesèru
sekaikìroku sèkÏshu sekibaku° sharuharàsu- sesòo°
sekaigì˙koo sekijùuji sekibàrai me˙to sezoku°
sekaikòkka sekÏshuuryuu° sekÏhà˙° sèke˙ sezokÎteki°
sekàishi sekishÎtsu° sekiba˙° zeäe˙° sèso˙
sekaijuu° sekiju˙° sekiba˙äa° sekè˙shi seso˙jiryuu°
sekàizoo sekÏshò sekÏhi° seke˙shìrazu sètài
sekaitàise˙ sekijoo° sekihÏtsu° seke˙zure° sèdai°
sekaiteki° sekÏshoku° sekÏhi˙° seke˙shìrazu sedaiäàwari
sekaihèewa, -èi- sekÏshoyàburi sek˜fuda° seke˙zure° sedaikòotai
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 237

setàinushi, sho- on the Sutras setsuji° wound settòoji°


tài- sèkkyoo° sermon, setsujitsu° sèssoo° humble settoku°
Setaäaya° scolding sessha° servant of Bud- settokùryoku
Setaäayàku zekkyoo° sèsshiyakuwa˙ dha, mere priest settopòi˙to
setaäayase˙° zekkyoobushi° sesshu° modera- setsuzoo° settoryòkoo
sètake sekkyoku° tion in drink- sessoku° settoròosho˙
sèda˙ sekkyokÎsee°, -ei° ing setsuzoku° sètsuna
sèchi sekkyokÎteki° sèsshu inocula- zessoku° setsunài
sechìe° sekki˙° tion, vaccina- setsuzòkıshi setsunashùäi
sechiäarài sekku° tion sessokudòobutsu sètsunaru
sètsu setsùku sèsshu° theft setta°, sekida° sètsuni
zètsu zekku° sètsuju sèttaa sèppa
setsuee°, -ei° sèkkÎsu sesshuu° sèttai zeppa˙°
setsue˙° sekkÎsuapìiru Sèsshuu zettai° sètsubi
zetsue˙° sekkubàtaraki sesshoo° negotia- zetsudai° zètsubi
zetsue˙tai° zekke° tion zettaia˙see°, -ei° setsubiäo°
zetsuè˙butsu sekkee°, -ei° sèsshoo cruel, settaiäàkari setsubìji°
sekka° zekkee°, -ei° merciless zettaishùäi setsubish˜kì˙
zèkka° sekkèesha, -èi- sèsshoo° regent zettaizetsumee°, -ei° zeppÏtsu°
sekkai° stone sekkèezu, -èi- setsujoo° zettàisuu setsubitòoshi
sèkkai lime sekkeemòji, -ei- zesshoo° zettàihi zeppi˙°
sèkkai° incision setsuäèkka sesshòokai zettàiryoo sèppu
setsuäai° sekkèkkyuu sèsshooki˙da˙ settaku° seppÎku°
zekkai° sekke˙° setsujòosha setsuda˙° setsubu˙°
sekkàiäa˙ setsuäe˙° sesshòoseki zetta˙° seppu˙°
sekkàisui zèkke˙ sesshoku° sècchi° zeppeki°
sekkaich˜sso sekkè˙sui setsujoku° secchaku° seppe˙° snowflake
sekkakù° SètsÎko zesshoku° secchakùzai° sèppe˙ slice, sec-
sèkkachi zètsuäo setsujokÎse˙° secchuu° tion
sekkàsshoku sekkoo° scout, sesshokudè˙se˙ secchùua˙ setsuboo°
sekka˙°, sekÏka˙° plaster sèssho˙ sèccho sèppòo
sarcophagus sèkkoo° my man- sessui° zecchòo° zetsuboo°
sèkka˙ punish- uscript sessùru° zecchòoki zeppoo°
ment setsuäoo° zessùru° sècchi˙ zetsubooteki°
setsuäa˙° zekkoo° sessee°, -ei° secchi˙zume° setsumai°
zetsùäa˙ setsuäoozai° setsuzee°, -ei° sèttsu zetsumyoo°
setsuäa˙kyoo° sekkoozàiku zessee°, -ei° settsıku° zètsumu
sekka˙sèeji, -èi- zekkòojoo° setsÎsetsu° settee°, -ei° setsumee°, -ei°
setsuäa˙rè˙zu zekkòchoo sèsseto sètte˙ zetsumee°, -ei°
sekki° stone tool setsuäòse˙° sesse˙° broken setsude˙° setsumèekai, -èi-
sèkki season/year sekkotsu° line, close fight sètto setsumèesha, -èi-
end sekkotsùi sèsse˙ tangent sètsudo setsumeeshò°, -ei-
sètsùäi zekko˙° line settòo° setsumèebu˙, -èi-
sekkijìdai sessaku° setsuze˙° setsudoo° zetsumetsu°
sekkyaku° sèssa tàkuma zesse˙° zettoo° setsume˙°
sekkyakùäyoo zessa˙° sessoo° fidelity, settooäo° setsumoo°
sekkyoo° lecture sèsshi integrity, cut settòozai° setsumo˙°
238 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

setsuyaku° sèparèeto semekakàru serufÎtàimaa se˙ìso


sètsuyu° sebà˙äoo semekakèru seruròido se˙ichìya
setsuyoo° sèhi semèkù seruròosu, -zu se˙ichiyamono-
setsuyòoshuu zèhi semèäu serèkÎsho˙ äàtari
sètsuri sèpia, -iya semekòmu serèkÎto sè˙itsu°
setsuritsu° sepiairo°, -iyai- semedàiko serenàade se˙ìhi˙°
setsurìtsısha zèhÏtomo° semedài˙ serenàado se˙i˙°
zetsuri˙° sehyoo° semetatèru sèrebu ze˙i˙°
sèturume˙to, sebìraki semetsÎkèru sèremonii se˙u˙°
sèttsu- sebìru sèmete sèro, chèro se˙ee°, -ei°
setsuretsu° sèbire semedòoäu zèro ze˙ee°, -ei°
setsuro˙° sebiro° semetòru zeròsai se˙èeka, -èi-
setsuwa° sebushi° semenùku zerosàiji ze˙eebìjutsu, -ei-
setsuwabù˙äaku sebumi° semebà zeròkkÎsu se˙eebù˙shi, -ei-
sèto zeburazòo˙ semeyosèru serotèepu se˙eki°
sèdò Sebu˙irèbu˙ semeyòru zerohai° se˙etsu°
Setouchi° sebone° semèru: semènai, sèròha˙ sè˙e˙
sedòoka semai° donating semeyòo, seme- sèrori, -rii se˙è˙satsu
sèdooji˙shi˙ rice màsu, sèmete, se- sèro˙°, yòro˙ se˙oo° domineer-
setoäiwà° semài narrow, mèreba, semèro sero˙chòosa, yo- ing
Setonàikai small: sèmakat- seme˙° ro˙- se˙òo° preceding
setòhÏki° ta, sèmaku, se- semoji° sewà king, good
setomono° màkÎte, sèma- semòtare sewakyòoäe˙ ancient kings
setomonoya° kereba, semàre semo˙° sewashìi sè˙oku
sèna° sèmakimo˙ zeràchi˙° sewashinài ze˙o˙°
senaka° semakurushìi, sèrapii sewazukì° ze˙ò˙kai
senakaàwase semakkurushìi serapìsÎto sewata° ze˙ò˙pu
zèni semàru: semarà- serì sewanyòoboo° sè˙ka specialized
zenìire° nai, semaròo, seriai° sewani˙° study course,
zeniäata° semarimàsu, seriàu sewaba° military gains,
zènikane semàtte, semà- seriaäe° sewàmono° selected poems
zeniäame° reba, semàre seriaäèru sewayàki° sè˙ka° selecting
zenikà˙joo semi° zèrii, jèrii sewayaku° fruits
zenibako° zèmi serììchi sewari° se˙äa°
zenimòoke semikòro˙ seriuri° sè˙° zè˙ka
zeni˙° semishìäure seriotòsu° ze˙° low dining se˙kai°
senui° semidàburu serikàtsu table, meal set sè˙äai° unselect-
senukì° sèminaa seridashi° on a tray ed
zeneko˙° zeminàaru seridàsu zè˙ all, ex-, pre-, sè˙äai overboard
zenèsÎto° semipuro° serifu° goodness ze˙kai° whole
jenerèesho˙, ze- semimaru° serifumàwashi zè˙aku assembly, com-
sènokimi semushi° seryoo° sè˙i plete recovery,
sènobi semè sèru zè˙i completely
sepàado semeàu seruäa° ze˙iki° destroyed
sebamaru° semeìru sèrufu se˙ikòoäyoo zè˙kai° the last
sebameru° semèuma serufÎko˙toròoru se˙ish˜tsu time
sèparèetsu semeotòsu seufÎsàabisu se˙isèehi˙, -èi- ze˙kaiìcchi
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 239

se˙äaikàsaku° se˙kyoku° music ze˙äe˙° tape- sè˙saa se˙jaku°


se˙äaki° selection, war ring, fading se˙sai° ze˙shaku°
sè˙kaku° state ze˙äè˙° former se˙zai° se˙shakÎteeshoo°,
se˙äaku° se˙kyòku elec- word ze˙sai° -ei-
ze˙kaku° toral district ze˙ke˙ìi˙ ze˙zai° se˙shatai°
ze˙äaku° zè˙kyoku° all se˙äe˙shò° se˙zaiìshiki se˙jàfuda
Se˙äakujì songs se˙äe˙jì˙ja se˙zaiichiäuu° sè˙shu
se˙kàkısha ze˙kyoku° whole se˙ke˙tai° se˙zaikà˙ne˙ Se˙ju°
ze˙äàkùbu aspect ze˙ke˙tàishi se˙zaish˜tsùäyoo se˙shuu°
Ze˙äàkùre˙ se˙kyòke˙ sè˙ko se˙sàisha se˙juu°
se˙kàshi se˙äyòshoo sè˙äo° se˙zàisha ze˙shuu°
se˙katanài se˙kyose˙° zè˙ko se˙zaiteki° se˙shuuka°
ze˙kamonò° se˙kyòni˙° zè˙äo se˙saku° se˙shuugàkkoo
Sè˙kawa se˙kyoni˙mèe- se˙koo° one's sè˙sasu se˙jùusha
se˙ka˙° bo, -èi- specialty, sub- sè˙saba˙betsu se˙jùumi˙
se˙äa˙° se˙kyòhoo° marine voyage sè˙sama se˙shùuraku
ze˙ka˙° positive se˙kyòmi˙ sè˙koo joss stick zè˙za˙ Se˙juòohashi
reaction se˙äirì° zè˙koo good deed se˙zà˙koo se˙jukà˙no˙
zè˙ka˙° whole se˙ki˙° zè˙koo° previous se˙shi° death in se˙shıke˙°
thing ze˙kì˙° paragraph, battle se˙shùda˙
se˙äa˙kurìimu ze˙kì˙dai whole school sè˙shi prehisto- se˙shÎtsu°
ze˙ka˙rèeäuu°, se˙ku° se˙kooka° ry, warrior se˙jutsu°
-èi- sè˙äu Zè˙kooji se˙jì° decoction, ze˙jutsu°
se˙ki° abdomin- zè˙ku se˙kòoshoku tea se˙shÎtòkke˙
al pain se˙äùu° se˙koodai° sè˙ji wartime sè˙shubooee, -ei
sè˙ki war record se˙kısha se˙kootee°, -ei° zè˙shi se˙shumura°
se˙k˜sùji se˙kÎchi° se˙koodè˙kyuu zè˙ji sè˙sho
se˙äidate° ze˙kÎtsu° se˙koohànabi se˙jìka sè˙jo
se˙kibù˙äaku sè˙ku˙° se˙koku° se˙shìäaku zè˙sho proper
se˙kimono° ze˙äu˙° sè˙äoku° se˙jiäùsuri measures
se˙kimonoäàtari se˙äu˙bà˙ba zè˙koku se˙sh˜sha zè˙sho° compen-
se˙kyaku° sè˙ke ze˙kòkıku se˙jìshoku dium
se˙kyakuba˙rai° sè˙äe° se˙äokujìdai se˙jìcha se˙shoo°
se˙kyuu° zè˙ke° ze˙kokÎtàikai se˙jichuu° se˙joo°
ze˙kyuu° se˙kee°, -ei° ze˙kokÎteki° seshÏtsu° ze˙shoo°
sè˙kyo se˙ketsu° Se˙äokùbara zè˙shÏtsu° ze˙joo° meditati-
sè˙äyo sè˙äetsu se˙äokubùne ze˙jitsu° ve concentra-
se˙kyoìha˙ zè˙äetsu° ze˙kokÎhòosoo se˙jitsumèru tion
se˙kyoù˙doo se˙äetsùmatsu se˙kokùrai se˙jitsùrai zè˙joo preced-
se˙kyoè˙zetsu se˙ketsumò˙dai ze˙äòsaku ze˙jìdoo ing item
se˙kyoo° se˙keryuu° zè˙äo sàyuu sè˙shiba˙koo se˙shòokoku
se˙äyoo° se˙ke˙° ze˙äòshoo se˙jìmo˙ se˙shòoshi
se˙kyòoshi se˙äè˙° se˙äoha° se˙sha° car wash- ze˙shoose˙°
se˙äyooshùfu ze˙ke˙° absolute sè˙kofueki ing se˙jooteki°
se˙äyoonòoka authority zè˙äofÎkaku sè˙sha tank ze˙shootoo°
se˙kyoka˙riiì˙- zè˙ke˙° all of ze˙kò˙ sè˙ja se˙shoku°
kai the prefecture ze˙za° zè˙sha zè˙shoku°
240 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

se˙shokÎtai° se˙seki° zè˙daimimo˙ se˙de˙° ze˙nippò˙


se˙jìru° ze˙setsu° Se˙dàäaya zè˙de˙° ze˙nihò˙
se˙shi˙° se˙se˙° Se˙daäi° se˙dè˙kàa se˙nyuu°
se˙ji˙° se˙ze˙° se˙taku° sè˙te˙su ze˙nyuu°
ze˙shi˙° whole ze˙ze˙° se˙takuìta se˙te˙see°, -ei° se˙nyùuka˙
body, advance se˙se˙kyookyoo° se˙takÎkàmoku se˙de˙se˙° sè˙nyo
ze˙shì˙° virtue, se˙sè˙äetsu se˙tàkıshi se˙te˙teki° se˙ni˙° full-
moral sense se˙se˙shuu° se˙takÎsèkke˙ se˙dè˙hi time, seniority
ze˙ji˙° se˙se˙dai° se˙takÎsòoda sè˙to sè˙ni˙° thousand
ze˙ji˙kyòoiku se˙ze˙ha° se˙takuba° sè˙do final desti- people
se˙shì˙koku se˙se˙fÎkoku° se˙takubàsami nation, fine- se˙pa˙° war
ze˙shi˙za° sè˙so se˙takumono° ness, freshness crime/criminal
ze˙shi˙teki° sè˙zo sè˙datsu sè˙do° the other sè˙pa˙ the oth-
se˙shi˙bà˙ku se˙soo° se˙dattè° day er day
ze˙shi˙màsui ze˙soo° ze˙datè° zè˙to ze˙ha˙°
ze˙shìnyoku ze˙zoo° ze˙dama° zè˙do ze˙pa˙°
se˙su° (folding) ze˙sòokyoku se˙ta˙° se˙too° the head, ze˙hà˙ki
fan se˙sooäòkko se˙da˙° steeple, combat se˙bà˙koo°
sè˙su sense se˙soohà˙zai zè˙da˙° sè˙too public ze˙hà˙see, -ei
zèuzu se˙sooha˙zàini˙° se˙ta˙teki° bath ze˙hà˙se˙°
se˙sui° se˙soobù˙äaku se˙da˙maki° se˙doo° leader- ze˙pa˙teki°
se˙suika˙° se˙zoäàeri sè˙chi ship, agitation sè˙bi
se˙suibyoo° se˙zoku° zè˙chi se˙dòo boatman, sè˙pi
se˙sùifu ze˙soku° Zè˙chikuyaäoroo chief fisherman zè˙bi
se˙sùifÎku Se˙zokùike se˙chimèetoru ze˙too° forehead, zè˙pi
se˙suibòka˙ ze˙sokùmochì se˙chime˙tarì- headlight se˙biki°
ze˙sùu ze˙sòkùryoku zumu zè˙too all party se˙byoo°
sè˙suji ze˙so˙° total loss se˙chimè˙taru zè˙too° all islands se˙pyoo°
sèsubè zè˙so˙° all villages se˙cha° ze˙doo° zè˙pyoo°
se˙sùru sè˙taa se˙chaku° se˙tòoi˙ se˙byòoshi
se˙zùru se˙taapòoru se˙chakuju˙° se˙tòoki se˙byòoshÏtsu
se˙zùrutokorò se˙taarài˙ se˙chuu° during se˙tòoboo se˙bi˙°
zè˙se, zè˙see se˙tai° fleet the war ze˙toku° ze˙bi˙°
se˙see°, -ei° oath, sè˙tai° hull, sè˙chuu on board se˙topòoria zè˙pi˙
despotism body of ship se˙chuuha° se˙toraruhìiti˙- sè˙bu
se˙sèe, -èi tea- se˙dai° slips sè˙choo äu sè˙pu
cher, master sè˙dai the late ze˙choo° zè˙toryooe˙ zè˙bu
ze˙see°, -ei° best family/shop ze˙tsuu° jè˙toruma˙, zè- zè˙pu
days head se˙te° sè˙nai inboard se˙pùu°
zè˙see°, -ei° Sè˙dai se˙tee°, -ei° se˙nài unavoi- se˙pùuki
ze˙sèeki, -èi- ze˙tai° ze˙tee°, -ei° dable se˙pÎku°
se˙seekù˙shu, -ei- zè˙dai ze˙teki° zè˙ni ze˙pÎku°
ze˙seejìdai, -ei- Se˙dàishi se˙tetsu° ancient se˙niku° se˙pÎkùki
se˙sèejutsu, -èi- ze˙taishùäi time philoso- sè˙nichi se˙buri°
se˙seesèeji, -eisèi- ze˙tàizoo pher ze˙nichÏsee°, -ei° se˙bu˙°
se˙sèeshonaru se˙dàihira sè˙tetsu° pig iron se˙nich˜te° ze˙bu˙°
ze˙sèkai se˙tàibutsu ze˙dera° Ze˙nìkkuu se˙bu˙noichì
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 241

se˙bù˙hi se˙me˙° se˙rìhi˙° soi˙° zooka°


sè˙bee, -be ze˙mè˙° sè˙ryaku° soi˙suubù˙kai sookai°
sè˙pee, -ei se˙mè˙ki zè˙ryaku sou°: sowanai°, sooäai° frost
ze˙bee°, -ei° se˙me˙jò° se˙ryakubùsshi soòo, soimàsu, damage
se˙beebùto˙, -ei- ze˙me˙sè˙soo se˙ryakuhèeki, -èi- sotte°, soèba, soè sòoäai outside
se˙betsu° ze˙me˙teki° sè˙ryùu Sòoru, Sòuru the window
se˙be˙° se˙me˙dòoäu se˙ryùute˙ soe° zookàichÏku
zè˙pe˙° se˙moo° sè˙ryo soeäaki° sookaitee°, -ei°
se˙pe˙ichiritsu° ze˙moo° se˙ryoo° occupa- soeäi° sookaiya°
se˙pe˙bà˙ka se˙mo˙° tion, represen- soeji° Sookaäàkkai
se˙boo° ze˙mo˙° tative of the soèjoo° sooäàkari
se˙poo° the oth- se˙mò˙i people soemono° sookaku°
er party se˙mo˙ka° sè˙ryoo species soeru° sooäaku°
se˙pòo° tactics, se˙mò˙äai of flowering soe˙° zooäaku°
strategy se˙mo˙äàkkoo shrub sòo° sookatsu°
ze˙boo° se˙mo˙äo° se˙ryòo to dye, zòo sookatsush˜tsù-
ze˙pòo° se˙mò˙shoku dye stuff sooai° mo˙
se˙bookyoo° se˙mo˙teki° ze˙ryoo° good, sooaäè° sooäana°
ze˙pookooè˙fu˙ se˙mò˙te˙ good-natured sooàtari sooäara°
ze˙bòozu ze˙mò˙doo ze˙ryòo° whole sooa˙° sooäawa°
se˙botsu° se˙mò˙bu quantity sooi° di‡erence sooka˙°
se˙bòtsısha sè˙ya° se˙ryòoäu˙ sòoi scar, origi- zooka˙°
zè˙po˙° zè˙ya° ze˙ryoosee°, -ei° nality, monk's zooäa˙°
se˙bo˙äooshi se˙yaichìya se˙ryòbako robe sooka˙kà˙kee, -ei
se˙bo˙zàkura se˙yaku° se˙ryooyàkÎsha zòoi sooäa˙kyoo°
se˙bo˙matsùba- ze˙yaku° sè˙ryoku sooìreba sookà˙äoo
ra ze˙yàsai ze˙ryoku° sooi˙° sookà˙toku
se˙mai° zè˙yu ze˙ri˙° Sòoi˙ sòoki
ze˙mai° se˙yuu° sè˙rui zooi˙° sòoäi
se˙maizuke° ze˙yuu° e˙ree°, -ei° sòoi˙äu° zooki° miscella-
se˙maidòoshi se˙yùuke˙ ze˙ree°, -ei° sooutsubyoo° neous small
ze˙maibàkari se˙yùubutsu se˙reki° sooura° trees
se˙maibari° se˙yùuritsu se˙retsu° soou˙° zòoki internal
se˙matsù° se˙yoo° zè˙retsu zooee°, -ei° organs
se˙mà˙ ze˙yoo° se˙re˙° zooèezai°, -èi- zòokiìshoku
se˙ma˙ni˙° se˙yòoke˙ sè˙ro sooe˙°, shooe˙° sooäìke˙
se˙ma˙mùryoo se˙yòosha se˙ròppo˙ zooe˙° sooäikòoi
zè˙mi zè˙ra° ze˙wa° sooè˙choo sooäìsha
se˙mitsu° se˙ra˙° sò zòoo sòokÏshì˙da˙
sè˙myoo° sè˙ri soaku° soooo° sooäìda˙
se˙mì˙° se˙rìäa˙° soakıhi˙° soooku° zookibàyashi
sè˙mu se˙ritsu° soa˙° sooo˙° noise sooäiya°
sè˙mutorishima- ze˙ritsÎse˙° sòisoshoku sòoo˙ Chinese sookyuu°
riyaku se˙rìhi˙° soitsu° character read- zookyuu°
se˙mee°, -ei° sè˙ryaku° soitoäèru ing sòokyo
se˙metsu° ze˙ritsu° soine° Sooka° sòoäyo
ze˙metsu° ze˙ritsÎse˙° soibushi° sòoka sooäyoo° opera-
242 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tion, business sòoko soosakunèäai soosharujoo° sooshirèebu, -èi-


establishment, sòoäo soosakubùyoo sòosharu° sooshi˙°
daybreak zooäo° soosakumono° soosharuwàakaa zooshi˙°
sooäyòo° Bud- sooäoa˙ze˙hòshoo soosase˙° soosharudà˙su sooshì˙ki
dhist priest aooäoè˙jo soosatsu° sòoshu soshì˙äu
form, priestly sookoo° behavior soosai° sòoshuu° soojì˙koo
attire sookòo draft zoosatsu° soojuu° sooshi˙torèe
zookyoo° sooäoo° synthesis zoosanài zooshuu° sooshì˙bako
sookyòoiku sooäòo° visual soozàrai soojùushi sòosu
sooäyòosha aspect sòoza˙ soojùuseki sòozu
sooäyootà˙shÎku° zooäòo° zoosa˙° sooshùnyuu soosui°
sòokyoku sookòokai sòoshi vigorous soojùuryoo zoosui°
sookyokıse˙° sooäoogàkÎshuu young man, zooshùuwai soosùu
sooäiri° sooäookàzee, -ei mutual love soojuku° soosùru
sooki˙° sooäoogèejutsu, sòoshi° story- sooshıke˙ zoosùru
zooki˙° -èi- book, copybook sooshıkoku soosee°, -ei°
zooki˙äake° sookòoäeki sooji° sooshÎtsu° soozee°, -ei
sooki˙äàwase sooäoozàsshi zooshi° sòojutsu zoosee°, -ei°
sòoku sookòosha Zooshìäaya sooshu˙° zoozee°, -ei°
sòoäu sooäoodàiäaku sooshÏki° funeral soosho° fully cur- soosèeji, -èi-
sookùu° sooäooteki° sooshìki supreme sive writing sooseki°
sooäuu° sookoonotsùma command sòosho series, li- soosekìu˙
sooäùuse˙° sookòäyoo soojìki brary soosetsu°
sookùure sooäogì˙koo zooshÏki° zoosho° zoosetsu°
sookÎtsu° sookoku° sooshÏkimà˙juu zooshòi˙ soosètsısha
sookuwàkÎchi˙ sooäokùmiai soojikee°, -ei° sooshoo° soozeme°
sooäu˙° sookoba˙° soojìjì soojoo° multipli- sooze˙°
sòoke sooäofùjo sooshÏshìbai cation zoose˙°
zooäè° sooäohòke˙ soosh˜sha sòojoo archbishop soosè˙kyo
sookee°, -ei° zooäòryoku soojìshoku soojookòoka zoosè˙äyoo
sooäee°, -ei° sookowàtashi sòoshi sooai° soojòozai° zoosè˙jutsu
zookee°, -ei° sooko˙° sooshÏtsu° soojoosàyoo zoose˙jò°
sooäèeko, -èi- sooäo˙° sooshÏte° zòojooji soosoo°
sookeese˙°, -ei- zooäo˙° sòojite° sooshiyooshokù- soozoo°
sooäeebàsu, -ei- sooko˙mòkÎhi sooshÏhàini˙ butsu soosòokyoku
zookeebìjutsu, -ei- sòosa sooshìbori zoojòoma˙ soozooshìi
zooäezàiku zoosà° soosh˜ho˙ zooshoka° soozòoryoku
sookedàtsu soosai° soojìmai sooshoku° soosoku°
zooketsu° soozai° soojimè° zooshoku° soozoku° inheri-
zooketsùzai° soozairyòori soosha° marshal- sooshokudòobu- tance
sookèssa˙ soosài˙ ing tsu sòozoku family,
sooäetsuryuu° soosaku° sòosha perform- sooshokıhi˙° clan
zooäenotòo zoosaku° er, runner, per- sooshokuyoo° soozòkıke˙
zooäebori° soosàkui˙ son in his/her zooshokùro soozokızee, -ei
sooke˙° soosakùäeki prime sooshootai° soozokùni˙°
sooäe˙° soosakÎtai° soojiya° sooshìree, -ei soozokùbu˙
zooäè˙° zoosakùtsÎki zoosha° sooshirèeka˙, -èi- soozokıhoo°
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 243

soosotsu° zootee°, -ei° sooba° sòohoo both sooryoo° oldest


soosòfu sootèeäai, -èi- zoohai° sides child
soosofùbo soote˙° loading soohaikìryoo sooboo° sòoryòo postage,
soosòbo sòote˙° issue, ag- soohaku° zoohoo° shipping char-
sooso˙° gregate of marks soobàshi soohòokoo ges, carriage
sòoda soode˙° soohàse˙° soobòobe˙ sooryòo° gross
sootaì sootè˙ke˙ soohatsu° sooho˙° weight
soodai° soode˙se˙° zoohatsu° zooho˙° zooryoo°
zoodai° sòoto grand pro- soohàtsıki soohò˙ke sooryòoji
soodàishoo ject, heroic soohatsÎseech˜- soohò˙za˙ sooryoojìka˙
sootaiseegè˙ri, -ei- attempt hoo, -ei- soomàkuri sooryoomùsÎko
sootaiteki° sooto° to sort soobanà° soomatoo° sooryoomùsume
soodàka° sootoo° soobahyoo° soomàtome sòoryoku° collec-
soodaäàtsuo soodoo° medita- sooba˙° soomayaki° tive efforts
soodakuràkkaa tion (at a tem- zooha˙° soomi° sòoryoku run-
sòotake ple), thatched sòobi sòomu ning ability
soodàshu hut, monk cell, soohìäyoo soomùshoo sooryokÎse˙°
soodàsui humble abode soohìnoki sòomee, -ei soori˙°
soodachi° sòodoo riot, to zoohibyoo° soometsu° zoori˙°
sootatsu° strife soohyoo° soometsÎse˙° soorui° base run-
soodatsu° zootoo° soobyoo° sòome˙ ning
soodatsıse˙° soodòoi˙ zoohyoo° soomoo° sòorui algae
soodàbai sootòoka˙ zoohi˙° sòomoku° sooree°, -ei°
soota˙° sootòoshuu zoobi˙° soomòkuroku sooretsu°
sooda˙° zootòohi˙° soofu° full score zoomotsu° sòoro
zoota˙° soodòomee, -ei sòofu° to send soomòyoo sooroo° prematu-
sooda˙àite zootooyoo° zòofu° soomo˙° re aging
soodà˙i˙ sootòoryoo soofuu° soomò˙ka sooròo time of
soodà˙kai sootoku° soofùuki sooyakàikyoo year
sooda˙jò° sootokıfu soofÎku° sooyu° sooròobu˙°
sooda˙yakù° sòotomo zoofÎku° sooyuu° sòor˙°
sòochi device, sootò˙suu zoofÎkùki, zoo- zòoyo soowa°
apparatus sooname° fùkÎki sooyoo° zoowai°
sòochi° forward- soona˙° soobuse˙° sooyoku° zoowàizai°
ing soonà˙sha zoobutsu° sooyòsa˙ soowàki
zoochÏku° sòoni zoobùtsùshu zooyòzee, -ei soowaku°
soochaku° zoonì°: ozooni° soohee°, -ei° sooràakàa zòo˙
soochoo° early soonìkai zoohee°, -ei° soora˙° sòka
morning, so- soonyuu° zoohèekyoku, -èi- soorà˙zai° Soäa
lemnity soonyoo° soohèeryoku, -èi- sòori sokai°
sòochoo presi- sooni˙° sooheki° zoori° soäai°
dent, master soone˙° maturi- soobetsu° sooridàiji˙ sokàichi
sergeant ty, late middle soobètsıkai sooritsu° soäakyòodai
zoochoo° age zòoho° zoorìtori sokaku°
zootsıkai sòone˙° notion, soohoo° way of zooribaki° Soäamonoäàtari
soode° idea running/play- soorìfu soäarèru
sootee°, -ei° sòoha ing sòoryo sòäa˙°
244 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

soäiotòsu° zokÎshi˙° zokubànare sokoiji° soshÏkiteki°


sokyuu° zookuji˙° sòkubi, sòkkubi sokòira soshÏkìryoku
sòku sokÎshi˙jòobutsu sòkubu sokoire° soshÏtsu°
sòäu zokùsu zokubutsu° sokouo° soshÏte°
zòku° zokÎsùru sokubutsÎteki° sokoo° sòshina°
zokuaku° zokÎsùru sokubu˙° sokokàshÏko soshaku°
sokuatsu° zokÎse° zokubu˙° sokoäawa° soshàkıchi
sòkùi sokÎsee°, -ei° zokÎhee°, -ei° sokokimi° sòshu°
sokuìshÏki zokÎsee°, -ei° sokÎheki° sòkoku sòshuu
sokui˙° sokÎseesàibai, -ei- zokÎhe˙° sokòkoko soshoo°
zokuuke° sokÎseki° sòkÎho sokojìkara° sojoo°
sokuee°, -ei° sokÎsekìme˙ sokÎhoo° sokozumi° soshoku°
zokuee°, -ei° sokÎsekiràame˙ zokÎhoo° sokòsoko° soshiranukao°,
zokue˙° sokÎsekiryòori sokumyoo° sokotsu° soshirànu kao°
sokuoo° zokÎsèke˙ zokùmyoo° sokotsÎke° soshirì
sokùo˙° zokÎsetsu° zòkumu sokotsumono° soshìru
sokuò˙ki sokÎse˙° zokumee°, -ei° sokode° sòshi˙
sokuò˙bi˙ sokÎsè˙ryoku sokumè˙° sokonàu sosui°
zokuäara° sokÎsoku° sokumè˙ka˙ sokonashi° sosùu
zokuäìi˙ zòkuzoku° sokume˙kòoäeki sokonami° sosee°, -ei°
sokuäi˙° sokÎtài° zokuyoo° sokoni° sòzee°, -ei°
zokuäu˙° sokudai° zokuraku° sokonuke° sosèehi˙°, -èi-
zòkÎke° zokÎdai° Sokuràtesu sokonukesàwaäi soseera˙zoo°, -ei-
zokuäe˙° zokÎtai° zòkuri sokonè° soseki°
zokuäo° sokÎtatsu° zokuryuu° sokonèru sòse˙
sòkuza sokuda˙° zokuryuukèkka- sokonoke° sòso
sokÎsài° sokÎchi° ku sokohakatonàku sosoo° loss of
sokÎsa˙° zokÎchoo° sokùryoo° sokohi° spirit
sokÎshi° zokÎppòi zokuryoo° sokobie° sòsoo careless-
sòkuji sokÎtee°, -ei° sokuryòozu sokobìkari° ness, oversight
zòkÎshi sokÎtèeki, -èi- sokuryoose˙° sokobiki° sozoo°
zokuji° simpli- zokude˙° sokùryok° sokobikìami° sosoäi°
fied character sòkudo sokùroo° sokoho˙° sosoäikòmu
zòkuji° worldly zòkÎto zokuro˙° sokomàde sosòäu°
a‡airs, daily sokÎtoo° soäuwànai sokomame° sòsokÎsa
chores zokÎtoo° sokuwa˙° sokòmoto sosokèru
sokushitsu° sokudoku° sokuwà˙shoo sokòra sosokkashìi
sokujitsu° sokudòkee, -ei sokèebu, -èi- sokoraàtari sosonokàsu
sokujibàrai zokuni° soäeki° sokoware° sosori°
sokÎsha° sokunetsu° soäekìhee, -ei sosai° sosoritàtsu
sokÎshàhoo° zokune˙° sòkètto sozai° sosòru°
sokÎshuu° sokunoo° soäèru sosàirui sozoro°, suzuro°
zokÎshuu° sokubai° sòke˙ sozatsu° sozoroàruki,
zokushÎtsu° sokubàikai soko° sosa˙° suzu-
sòkujo sokubaku° sòäo sòshi soda°
zokÎshoo° sokÎhatsu° sokoaäe° sòji° sodàigomi
sokÎshi˙° zokÎhatsu° sokòi° sòshÏki sodachì
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 245

sodachizàkari sotsuäyoorò˙bu˙ sotetsu° sònata sonomichi°


sodàtsu: sodatà- zokkyoku° sodètsÎke sonachine° sonomukashi°
nai, sodatòo, sokkìroku sodenashi° sonaèmàtsu sonomùki
sodachimàsu, sokki˙° sodenoshÏtà sonawàru sonòmoto
sodàtte, sodàte- sokkì˙sha sodèhaba sòni˙° sonomòno°
ba, sodàte sòkkÎsu sodebyòobu sonezakÏshì˙juu sonoyòo°
sodateaäèru sòkkùbi sodeyama° sonemì sonoyòshi
sodatenooyà sokkùri sote˙° sonèmu sòba
sodatèru: sodatè- sokkùrikàeru sòto sono° that, the sobàäaki
nai, sodateyòo, sokkè sotoàruki sòno garden, or- sobakàsu
sodatemàsu, so- sokketsu° sotoùmi chard sobaäara°
dàtete, sodatè- sokkenài sotoo° sonoue° sobàkiri
reba, sodatèro sokkoo° sòdoo° sonouchi° sobakò
sòchi zokkoo° Sotòoba sonokàtà sobazùe°
sochìkòchi sokkoojò° sotokaäe° sonokàmi sobazùkae
sòcha sokkoku° sotoäàkoi sonòkà˙ sobadàtsu
sochira° zokkoku° sotoäama° sonogì° sobadatèru
sotsu° faultness, sòkko˙° sotoäàmae sonokÎse° sobachoku°, -ko°
inadvertence zokkò˙° sotoäawa° sonokurai°, -ä- sobadòkoro
sòtsu to graduate sòtsuji° sodoku° sonòko sobamà˙juu
sotsui° sotsujinàäara° sotozuke° sonoäo° sobàmichi
sotsuu° sòtsuju sotozura° sonokòro sobamè watch-
sotsue˙° sosse˙° sotozee°, -ei° sonoshìito ing from the
sotsuè˙shÏki sotsuze˙° sotode° sonojitsu° sidelines
sòkka socchì sotonori° sonojìbu˙° sobamè° mistress,
zokka° socch˜kocchi sotòba° sonosùji concubine
zokkai° socchinoke° sotobìraki sonòsètsu sobamèru
sokka˙° socchùu° sotobuta° sonòta sobàya
zokka˙° socchoku° sotoburo° sonotsùäì sobayaku°
sokki° sotto° sotoberi° sonotè sobàyu
sokk˜sha zotto° sotobori° sonode˙° sobayòoni˙
sokkìjutsu sottoo° sotomaäo° sonotòori soha˙°
zokkibo˙° sòttono hì˙ sotomata° sonotòkì sobietàtsu
zokkiya° sòppa sotomàwari sononochì° Sòbìeto
sokkyuu° sòppu sotomi° sonobà° sobièru
sokkyoo° sòppo, -oo sotomuki° sonobakàäiri sobiyakàsu
sotsuäyoo° sotsuro˙° sotome° sonobashìnoäi sobyoo°
sotsuäyooàruba- sode° sotoyu° sonohazu° sohi˙°
mu sodeura° sotowa° sonohachi° sòfu
sokkyòokyoku sòtee sotowaku° sonobanòäare sòfaa
sokkyòoshi sodèäaki° sònaa sonohì sofaabèddo
sotsuäyòoshÏki sodeäuchi° sonàè sonohÏkàseäi sòfÎto
sokkyooshìji˙ sodeäuri° sonaetsÎke° sonohiäùrashi sofÎtowèa
sotsuäyooshòosho sodeäoi° sonaetsÎkèru sonohe˙° sofÎtokurìimu
sotsuäyòosee, -ei sodeshÏta° sonaèmochi sonòhòo sofÎtodorì˙ku
sotsuäyoosèesa- sodètake sonaemonò° sonòhoka sofÎtobòoru
ku, -èi- sodedàtami sonàèru sonomamà° sofùbo
246 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

sofÎhòozu somenuki° soràmimi° soredèmo zò˙i


sohòozu somenùku soramòyoo soredèwa so˙ee°, -ei°
sopurano° somemura° soràyume° soredòkoro sòneki
sòburi° somemono° sora˙jìru soretonàku so˙ekikà˙joo
sòbo somemonòshi sora˙zùru soretòmo so˙kai°
sohoo° somemonoya° sòri sled, tobog- sorenànoni so˙äai°
soboo° somemòyoo gan sorenàra zò˙äai°
sohooka° somèmo˙ sorì to curve sorenari° so˙kaigìi˙
soboku° someru°: some- sorìaji sorenarikèri so˙äaibàishoo°
sobòtsu nai°, someyòo, soriotòsu° soreni° so˙äaihòke˙
sobofùru somemàsu, so- sorikàeru° sorenìwa so˙äa˙°
soboro° mete°, somerè- sorikomi° sorebàkari sò˙ki
sòmatsu ba, somerò sorikòmu sorehodo° sò˙äi
somàbito° somewake° sorìsÎto soremàde so˙gìkai
somaru°: somara- somewakèru zòrizori sorèya sò˙kyo
nai°, somaròo, sòmo soritate° soreyùe° sò˙ki˙°
somarimàsu, somoo° sorìhashi sorèra so˙kee°, -ei°
somatte°, soma- sòmosomo sorimì sorèru respect, esteem
rèba, somarè sòyatsu° soryaku° sorewasòoto sò˙kee, -ei elder
somitsu° soyoo° soryùushi Sòre˙ brother, elder-
somi˙shòora soyoäàsu soryùusho˙ sòro ly person
somu° soyòkaze sori˙° soròì so˙äe˙°
somùku soyoäì sòru: sorànai, so- soròimo so˙äè˙shi
somukèru soyòäu ròo, sorimàsu, soròtte sò˙koo
somùrie° sòyosoyo sòtte, sòreba, sòre soròu so˙äòo
some° sòyofıku sorufèeju soroèru so˙zai°
-zome°: sarasazo- sòra sòrube soroo° zo˙zài
me° soraài° Sorubò˙nu sòrosoro so˙zàika˙
someaäari° sorairo° sore° zòrozoro Sò˙shi
someaäàru sorausobùku sorèäashi zoroppèe zo˙jiaäèru°
someiyòshino soraosoroshìi sorekara° soroba˙° so˙shÏtsu°
someiro° soraòboe sorekiri°, -ä- soroba˙ùranai sò˙sha
somekae° soraäiki° soreäurai°, -k- soroba˙kà˙joo so˙shoo°
somekaeshi° soràäoto° sorekòso soroba˙zukù° zo˙joo°
somekàesu soràsu sorèshÏki° soroba˙dakài sò˙shoku°
somekàèru sorazorashìi sorèsha soroba˙dama° so˙josokòra
someäàsuri soradànomi soreshaàäari zorome° zo˙jiyori°
someäata° sòrade soresùra Sòromo˙ so˙jìru°
someäara° soradoke° soresoooo° soròrì zo˙jìru°
somekawa° soratobokèru, -tt- soresootoo° zoròrì so˙sùru
someko° sorànaki° sorèzòre Sòrori Shi˙zàe- so˙zùru°
somedàsu soranàmida soredàkara mo˙ zo˙zùru°
sometsÎki° soranì° soredake° sowasèru so˙see°, -ei°
sometsÎke° soràne° soredànoni sòwasowa so˙zee°, -ei°
sometsÎkèru soranèiri sorèdama° sowatsÎku° so˙zoo°
somenaoshi° soranè˙butsu sorekkiri° sowaru° so˙zoku° to con-
somenaòsu soràmame sorede° sò˙ tinue to exist
3: sa, za, shi, sh-, ji, j-, su, zu, se, ze, so, zo, (si, zi) 247

sòozoku° ancestor so˙doo° so˙noojòoi so˙boo° sò˙raku°


so˙zokÎsàtsuji˙ sò˙toku so˙pai° so˙mì˙° so˙ritsu°
so˙dai° so˙na° sò˙pi o˙mee°, -ei° sò˙ryoo
sò˙taku° sò˙nai sò˙pu zo˙mee°, -ei° so˙ryooäashi°
sò˙chi so˙nako˙nà so˙pùushi so˙moo°
so˙choo° respect so˙nàra so˙bùrèro so˙yuu°
sò˙choo village zo˙nè˙ Sò˙bu˙ so˙yùuchi
head so˙noo° zo˙bù˙° so˙yoo°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to,
do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu)

tà tàiikunohi daiò˙° daiäakubyòoi˙ daiäìshi


tàai° dàiishi° taiò˙ki daikàäura taikijìdoo
tàwainài, tàai- dàiichi taiò˙kee°, -ei° taikakè˙chÏku taiäisee°, -ei°
nài daiichiì˙shoo daiò˙joo tàikakooroo daikÏchì°
Dàawi˙ dài ichìäi, daii- daiò˙ji˙ daiäashi° daikÏchìnichi
daakÎhòosu chìäi taika° fireproof taiäashòosetsu tàikiba˙see, -ei
tàagetto daiichisekaitài- tàika authority, taikasee°, -ei° daikìbo
Tàaza˙ se˙, dàiichi master, serious daikàzoku tàiäimeebu˙, -ei-
dàasu sekaitàise˙ errors daikatsu° taikyaku°
-dàasu: ichidàa- daiichinì˙sha, taiäà daiäàkkoo taiäyaku°, dai-
su, godàasu dài ichinì˙sha dàika° taikarè˙äa taikyuu°
dàatsu daiichÏfùji˙ taikai° daiäàwari daikyuu° com-
taatorunèkku dàiichiryuu taiäai° mostly, taika˙° pensatory day
tàaba˙ dàiisse˙ external, for- taiäa˙° off
dàabii dàiippo eign daika˙° coldest daikyùu° bow
tàabo taiìhoo° tàiäai extracor- period of year daikyùushi
tàaminaru taii˙° poreal dàika˙ deputy taikyuushoohìzai
taaminarukèa daii˙° daiäàisha or local admi- taikyuusee°, -ei°
taaminarude- taiì˙reki taiäaijùsee, -ei nistrator daikyuubà°
pàato tàiu taiäaisèesaku, -èi- daiäa˙° taikyùuryoku
tàaru taiee°, -ei° daikàise˙ taiäa˙° tàikyo
tàa˙ daiee°, -ei° taiäaiteki° taika˙ò˙do tàiäyo
tài daièeda˙, -èi- daikàite˙ taikà˙shÏki taikyoo°
dai° to charge daieeteki°, -ei- daiäae° taiäa˙jòoju taiäyoo°
dài generation daiee° taikaku° Daika˙mì˙koku daikyòo°
taiàtari taieki° retire- taiäaku° Daika˙yama° daikyòoji
taiatsu° ment daiäaku° tàiki person of taikyoku°
taiàppu tàieki body fluid -dàiäaku: Too- great ability, taikyòkıke˙
daiami° dàietto kyoodàiäaku atmosphere dàikirai, -kk-
taia˙° daie˙° daiäakùimo tàiki° holding, taikìroku
daia˙° taioo° daiäakùi˙ readiness daikìroku
tàii daiòo daiäakıkyòoju tàiäi taiki˙°
dàii taiòosaku taikakÎkè˙sa daiäìi˙ dàiki˙
tàiiku daiòojoo daiäàkÎsha taikiòse˙ daigì˙joo
taiikÎkai° daiok˜shi˙ daiäakùsee, -ei daikìäyoo dàiki˙hÏkikae°
taiìkıka˙ daiòshoo taikàkÎse˙° taik˜ke˙ tàiku
taiìkısai tàio˙ daiäakunòoto taiäigo° tàiäu
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 249

dàiku daikòoji daisà˙see, -ei tàishakÎtaishoo- daijòoka˙


taikuu° taikoojìai daisa˙sèkÎtaa hyoo taishòoäu˙, dai-
taiäuu° taikòosha taisà˙boku taishàkıke˙ taishooäòto
taikuujìka˙ taikooshàse˙ tàishi taishazùkuri taishoojìdai
taikuuh˜kòo taikòoshoku taiji° confront- daishàri˙ taishòosha
daikÎshìäoto daikòodoo ment opposi- taishu° heavy daijoodàiji˙,
taikÎtsu° taikòoba tion drinking dajoo-
taikÎtsushìnoäi daikòobutsu tàiji extermina- tàishu gover- daijòoda˙
taikÎtsumàäire taikòoboo tion, unborn nor-general taishooteki°
taiäu˙° taikoku° baby tàiju daishooteki°
tàike taiäoku° daishi° mount, dàishu° Taishoote˙nòo
taikee°, -ei° daikokù° epigraph taishuu° daijòobu
daikee°, -ei° daikokÎsàmà dàishi Great taijuu° daijoobùkkyoo
daiäèeko, -èi- daikokuzùki˙ Teacher, eldest daijùu daishòobè˙
taikeeteki°, -ei- daikòkıte˙ Sister taishuuù˙doo taijoohòoshi˙
taiketsu° daiäokùde˙ daiji° book ti- taishùuka° daijòomyaku
taike˙° embodi- daikokubàshira tle, epigraph taishùuäyo daishòori
ment taikobashi° dàijì serious taijùukee°, -ei° taishooryòohoo
taiäè˙° substan- taikobara° matter taishuusàkka taishoku°
tives taikoba˙° daijì important taishùusha taishòkıka˙
daike˙° daiäòmi° dàijesÎto taishuushòosetsu taishokıki˙°
taike˙kòosu taikòmochi taish˜ka˙ taishuubù˙äaku taishokÎtèate
taikè˙sha daiko˙òroshi, daish˜kyùu taishuumuki° taishòkka˙
daigè˙sui daikoòroshi daish˜kyoo taishuuròse˙ taishoteki°
taiäe˙sòoäo daikò˙hÏki daijìäyoo taishÎka° daishoni˙°
taiko° drum daiko˙yàkÎsha daijìke˙ taishÎtsu° daishoya°
tàiko ancient taisa° colonel daijìko taisho° to leave daijiri°
times tàisa great daijìshi˙: oojì- a place taijiru°
taiäo° word di‡erence shi˙ tàisho hottest taishi˙°
pair, antonym taiza° daishìze˙ time of year, taiji˙°
tàiäo rank, file daiza° tàishÏta to deal with daishi˙°
daiko˙°, -ko° taisai° daijidàihi daisho° dàishi˙
dàiäo taizai° taishÏtsu° dàijo dàiji˙
taikoo° regres- taizai°, dai- daish˜kkoo taishoo° great daiji˙àsobi
sion, outline, taizàikyaku daish˜ppai victory, sym- daishì˙i˙
opposition daizàini˙° tàishÏte metry, object daijì˙kaze
tàikoo grand taisaku° taishidoo° tàishoo general, taiji˙kà˙kee, -ei
duke daisaku° daijina° admiral, chief daijì˙äùu
taiäoo° taisatsu° taishìboo taijoo° taishi˙kè˙chÏku
daikoo° taking taisa˙° daish˜ho˙ daishoo° com- taijì˙koku
over, vicarious tàiza˙ taisha° red ocher pensation daishì˙sai
execution daisa˙° tàisha amnesty dàishoo large or daijì˙butsu
dàikoo I, me dài sà˙ki tàisha° metabo- small size, pair daishì˙bu˙
daiäòo° dài sà˙äoku lism of swords tàisu
taikooìshÏki daisa˙äokùji˙ daisha° daijoo° daisu°
Taikòoki daisà˙ji taishairo° taishòoike dàisu
taikòosaku dài sà˙sha tàishaku daijòoe daizu°
250 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

daizuàbura tàida daitòo° dainyuu° daihÏtsu°


taisui° dàida° daidoo° taini˙° taihyoo°
taisùu daitai° daidooàkìnai daini˙° tàibyoo
daisùuäaku dàidai successive daitooasè˙soo dàini˙äu daihyoo° delegate
daisùush˜ki daidài bitter daidooèkÏsha daini˙äuk˜c- dàihyoo° big
dàisÎki orange daitòokyoo chi˙, -k˜chi˙ statue
taisÎkòa daidaiiro° Taitòoku daini˙äurùumu daihyòosaku
daisumi° daidaikàäura daidòoäee, -ei tainetsu° daihyòosha
taisùru daitàikotsu daidooshòoi tainetsugàrasu daihyòoda˙
daisùru daidàizu daidooshòoni˙ dàino daihyooteki°
taisee°, -ei° daitàichi daidoodà˙ketsu° tainoo° daihyòode˙
taizèe°, -ei° daitàichoo daidòomyakyu dainoo° large- taibyòoni˙
daisèekoo, -èi- daidaiteki° daitòoryoo scale, mecha- daihyoorìji
daiseejika°, -ei- daidàito daitòkai nized farming, taipi˙°
taiseehooka˙°, -ei- daitàburi taitoku° payment daihi˙°
Taisèeyoo, -èi- daidàiri tàidoku dàinoo° cere- dàibi˙äu
taiseki° pile of daidàäeki daitoku°, -ko° brum taibu° to leave a
stones, sedi- daitàsùu daidoku° dainooshÏki° team
mentation Daidabashi° tàidoku, dài- tainòosha tàibu volumi-
tàiseki cubage taida˙° Dàitokujì dàinootoko nous, bulky
taisetsu° daità˙ daidokoro°, dai- dainoohìshÏtsu tàipu
taisetsu°, dai- daidà˙e˙ doko° dainòji daibu° very,
daisètsùda˙ daità˙fÎteki daidokoroäuchi°, dainojinari° pretty, highly
daisèsse˙ daichi° plateau daidokoäuchi° dàinotsÎki dàibu to dive
taise˙° dàichi the earth daitòshi dàinomushi taifùu
taize˙° taicha° taitosÎkàato tàiha taifùunome
dàise˙ taichuu° tàitoru Daiba° daibùki˙
daise˙kyòku tàicho taitorumàcchi dàibaa daifÎkù
daizè˙tee, -ei taichoo° tàinai taihai° daifÎkuchoo°
taisè˙ryoo dàichoo large tainaikùäuri taihaiteki° daifÎkùmochi
tàiso° intestine tainaiteki° daibàkari taibutsu°
taisoo° physical dàichoo° ledger tainaidòkee, -ei taihaku° daibutsù°
exercises daichookàtaru Tainàibutsu daihachiäùruma taibutsÎkyoo°
tàisoo exagger- daichòoäa˙ dainàäo˙ tàibatsu daibutsÎsàmà
ated daichòoki˙° dainashi° daihatsu° daibutsùde˙
taizoo° tàitsu dainamàito daihàkkai daibùbu˙
daisoo° daitsùu° dainamo° taihà˙° taipuràitaa
taisòoäi daitsÎki° dainarishòonari taiba˙° daibu˙°
daizookyoo° taitee°, -ei° dainà˙° daibà˙jaku taibù˙sùu
daisòoäe˙ taiteki° dài nìäi daiha˙nyakyoo° taihee°, -ei°
daisoojoo° taite˙° dainikùmiai taihi° loan Taipee°, -ei°
daisòojoo taide˙° dainigèejutsu, -èi- tàihi° compari- taihèeki, -èi-
taisòofÎku daitè˙äu dàiniji sekaitài- son, barnyard Taihèeyoo, -èi-
taisoorashìi tàito se˙ manure Taiheeyoosè˙soo,
taisoku° tàido tainichi° daihÏki° -ei-
daisotsu° taitoo° dainichinyòrai taipìsÎto taihèeraku, -èi-
daisòreta taidoo° dainihò˙shi taihÏse˙° taibetsu°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 251

taihe˙° terrible, taimumashì˙ taiyoku° tairoo° taorèru: taorè-


grave tàimurii taira° dàirokka˙ nai, taoreyòo,
tàihe˙ opposite taimurìmitto tairàka° taiwa° taoremàsu,
side taimurekòodaa tairàäai° daiwàkÎsee, -ei taòrete, taorè-
taibe˙° taimurèkòodo tairàäu taiwàäeki reba, taorèro
daihe˙° taimee°, -ei° tairaäèru° daiware° taka° hawk, fal-
daibe˙° to speak daimee°, -ei° taira˙° Taiwà˙ con
for somebody daimèeshi, -èi- tàiri taiwa˙bòozu tàka hoop, po-
daibè˙ excre- taimeshi° dairi° proxy, a- dàu lyvalence
ment taime˙° meeting gency tauè dàäa
tàiho taimè˙° honor, dàiri Imperial tauèuta takaàäari
taihoo° appearances Palace tauèdoki° takaàshida
taiboo° taime˙kòotsuu dairìigaa tàu˙ takai° to pass
taimoo°, taiboo° taimoo° dairikì° dàu˙ away
daibòoami daimokù° dairikimùsoo° taù˙shi takài high, ex-
daihòoe dàimo˙ tairikıda˙dòo- dau˙jàketto pensive: tàka-
daihòoshi˙ Daimò˙ji° da˙ daù˙shoo katta, tàkaku,
taiboosèekatsu, -èi- daimò˙dai tairikÎsee°, -ei° tau˙mìiti˙äu takàkÎte, tàka-
daihòotee, -ei taiya° anniver- tairikùdana° dau˙ròodo kereba, tàkashÏ
taiboku° sary eve of a dairisàmà tàè taäai°
daibòsatsu person's death dairìseki taeìru dakai°
daibosatsÎtòoäe tàiya° to tire tairitsu° taeäatài taäàise˙°
taihòjoo° dàiya° dairìte˙ taekanèru° taäaichìäai
daiho˙° taiyaki° dairìni˙° daeki° taäaini°
daihò˙ee, -ei taiyaku° dairibìna Tàeko takaìbiki
daihò˙za˙ daiyaku° tairyaku° taeshinòbu° taäàu
tàima daiyamò˙do tairyuu° tàezu taäàèru
tàimaa daiaru°, daiyaru° dairyùukoo taedàe° Takao° male n.
taimai° daiyaruì˙ tairyoo° large tàete Takào place n.
tàimatsu taiyuu° haul, big catch taemà Takaòsa˙
daimaru° daiyùusee, -ei tairyòo° extrava- taemanài Takaose˙°
taima˙° tàiyo gantly, copi- taèru: taènai, tàkàäa
taimiso° taiyoo° ocean, ously taeyòo, taemà- takaäari°
daimyaku° summary tairyoosèesa˙, -èi- su, tàete, taère- Takaäi°
daimyòo tàiyoo sun tairyòobata ba, taèro takaku°
daimyooäyòore- daiyoo° tairyoobushi° dae˙° taäaku°
tsu daiyookyòoi˙ tàiryoku dae˙kee°, -ei° takàkkee, -ei
daimyòoji˙ taiyòokee°, -ei° tairi˙° taòsu: taosànai, takakÎkèeee, -èiei
daimyooryòkoo taiyòoji tairi˙zai° taosòo, taoshi- takaäùmori°
taimi˙äu° taiyòoshuu tairee°, -ei° màsu, taòshÏte, takaäetà°
tàimu daiyòoshoku tairèefÎku, -èi- taòseba, taòse Tàkako
dàimu taiyoodè˙chi dàirekÎto taòyaka takaäòe
taimukàado taiyootoo° dairekÎtomèeru taoyame° tàkasa°
taimukàpÎseru taiyòonetsu tiretsu° tàoru towel Takasaki°
taimusàabisu taiyoonè˙sùu tàire˙ taòru to break Takasaäo°
taimusùìcchi daiyòohi˙ Dàire˙ by hand takasaäòzoku
taimutò˙neru taiyòoreki tàiro taorukètto Tàkashi
252 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

daäàshi° takàba° taka˙° dakyuu° takÎshi˙°


takashio° Takàhashi daka˙° tàkyoo° takısù
takashìmada takabànashi dakà˙ke˙ tàäyoo° to go out dakÎsui°
Takashimadàira Takàhama° daka˙sh˜hee, -ei tàäyoo column takÎsùru
takashimaya° takaharì°: taka- taki° waterfull, or row of the dàkÎse°
daäashiya° harijòochi˙ cataract kana syllabary takÎsetsu°
takajoo° takàhÏku tàki various, di- dakyoo° takuzetsu°
takajòoshi takabisha° verse takyoku° takÎse˙°
takajòochi˙ takabùru tàäi dakiyosèru takuze˙°
takasebùne takabe° dàki taäìru takÎsoo°
takazòra takàbee°, -ei° takiaäàru taku° to cook, dakudaku° obe-
takadai° takabòoki dakiaäèru to burn: taka- diently
takàdaka° at most takebòoki, -ka- takiawase° nai°, takòo, ta- dàkudaku gush-
takadàka high, takamàäàhara dakiawase° kimàsu, taite°, ing out, flow-
aloft takamàkìe dakiawasèru takèba, takè ing profusely
Takadanobàba takamàkura dakiokòsu tàku bell takÎchi°
takachÏhonomi- takamaäe° takiotoshi° tàgu, -ggu Tàäuchi
ne° Takàmatsu dakÏkakàèru daku° to em- takÎchizòosee, -ei
takachòoshi, -cch- Takamàtsıshi Takiäawa° brace: daka- dakÎtè˙°
dakatsu° takamarì° takiäì nai°, dakòo, da- tàkÎto
takàtsÎki° takamàru takiäìnoo kimàsu, daite°, dàkÎto
daäàkki tàkami dakiäuse° dakèba, dakè takÎhai°
takàkkee, -ei Takàmura takiäuchi° dàku agree- takÎhaibi˙°
takatekòte° takamè° dakÏkomi° ment, assent takÎhatsu°
takadono° takamèru takÏkomigòha˙ takuàtsÎkai takubatsu°
takatòbi° takamomo° takÏkòmu takùa˙, taku- dàkÎhi
takatòbikomi taäayàsu dakÏkòmu wa˙ dagubòoto
takadomà° Takayama° Takizawa° takua˙zuke°, takÎho˙°
takàna takayòoji takÏshìido -kuwa˙- tàkuma
takanami° takarà: otakara° takijima° tàäui° takumashìi
takanarì° dàkara takÏshimèru takuitsu° takumàshùusuru
takanàru takàraka dakÏshimèru taäùu taäumaru°
Takanawa° takaràkùji dakisÎkumèru takuetsu° takumi°
takane° high takarasàäashi takidashi° dakùo˙° takùmu
peak: takane- takarajima° takÏtate° dakuò˙pu takuyoo°
nohanà Takaràzuka dakitsıku takÎsa˙° many takuramì°
takàne high Takarazukagèki- dakitsÎke° takÎsà˙ good takuràmu
price joo takitsÎkèru enough taäurikòmu
taäane° takarazùkÎshi takÏtsubo° takÎshiaäèru° takuritsu°
takaneòroshi Takarachoo° dakÏtomèru tàkÎshii dakuryuu°
taäanèru takarabùne dakÏtòru takushÏki° taäuriyosèru
takanòzomi° takaramonò° dakine° takÎshÏkòmu taäùru
Tàkano Chòoee, takari° Takinoäawa° takujishò° takuroo°
-ei takaru° takinòbori° dàkÎshu° dakuroo°
takanotsume° -taäàru°: nakÏtaäà- takibi° takushÎtsu° takuro˙°
takanòha ru° tomitaäàru dakimàkura takujoo° takuwàe°
takaha° takawàrai takimono° TakÎshoku° take° bamboo
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 253

tàke another TakèhÏsa: Takè- takoyaki° tàsha tasÎkeàu°


family hÏsa Yùmeji, tako˙° dàsha tasÎkedàsu°
takè height, ev- TakehÏsayùmeji taäo˙° dajaku° tasÎkèbune
erything takebera° tasai° dajare° tasÎkèru: tasÎ-
taäee°, -ei° takebòoki, taka- tazai° tàshu kènai, tasÎke-
Takèuchi takèmitsu° Dàzai-osamu dàshu yòo, tasÎkemà-
takeuma° Takèmoto Dazàifu tàshuu su, tasÎkète,
Takeo° takeya° tasaku° tajuujì˙kaku tasÎkèreba, ta-
takèäaki° takeyabu° dasaku° tashÎtsu° sÎkèro
takekaäo° takeyàrai tasatsu° tashùmi tazusàru°
takeäari° takeyari° tasa˙° daju˙° tazusawàru
takekà˙muri takeyòoji dasa˙° tàsho dàsÎtaa
daäeki° takeritàtsu° tasa˙kee°, -ei° tashoo° dasÎtaakòoto
takeäire°, takek- takeru° to be dasa˙teki° tajoo° dasÎtoshùuto
kire° boiled tàza˙noishi dajòoka˙ tazuna°
takèkuäi° takèru rant “ tashi° make up dajoodàiji˙ tazuneatèru°
takekùrabe rage for, supplement tashoonoè˙ tazunedàsu°
Tàkeko dàkeredo tàshi many no- tashoku° tazunèbito
Takezàiku take˙° viewing tabilities tashokuzuri° tazunèmono°
takezao° by others; tàji tajiròäu tazunèru: tazu-
Tàkeshi showing others dashì dashi˙° nènai, tazune-
takesu° tàke˙ other pre- dashiàu° tashi˙kyoo° yòo, tazunemà-
takezuku° fecture dàshìire tasu°: tasanai°, su, tazùnete,
takezuppo°, take- taäe˙° dashiokure° tasòo, tashimà- tazunèreba, ta-
zuppòo dake˙° dashioshimi° su, tashÏte°, ta- zunèro
takesèehi˙, -èi- taäè˙ro˙ tàshÏka sèba, tasè dasùru
Takeda° tàko tashÏkamèru dàsu: dasànai, tazee°, -ei°
takedakeshìi tàäò dashiäara° dasòo, dashi- dasee°, -ei°
taketsu° takòàäe dashÏkìru màsu, dashÏte, daseeteki°, -ei-
daketsu° takoo° every dashÏkò˙bu, -ko- dàseba, dàse daseki°
takètsıka˙ happiness bu° tasùu tase˙°
taketsùshÏtsu tàkoo other tashìza˙ dasùu dase˙°
dàkedo school dashÏshibùru tasùuketsu tasoäare°
dàkedomo dakoo° dashijìru° tasuuha° tasoäarèdoki°
Taketorimono- tàkoku° tàshÏseesee, -eisei tasÎkàru: tasÎ- dasoku°
äàtari takòkÎseki tàjitata˙ karànai, tasÎ- tasokùrui
taketò˙bo takokÎsekÏkì- tashÏtsu° karòo, tasÎka- tàso˙°
takenaäa° äyoo tàjitsu rimàsu, tasÎ- tàta
takenokawà takokumono° dash˜kko kàtte, tasÎkà- tàda
takenoko° taäosaku° tashinamì° reba, tasÎkàre dàda
tekenokòisha takòtsubo tashinàmu tasÎkì° tadai°
takenokosèeka- tàäotonotsÎki tashinamèru tasÎkiäake° datai°
tsu, -èi- takonyùudoo dashinùku° tàsÎku dadàiko
takenokòmeshi° Taäonòura dashinuke° tasÎkubàa dadaìzumu
takenosònòo takohai° Tàjima tazùkuri tadàima now
Takebashi° takobòozu tashimae° tasÎkè tadaima° I'm
takebàshi takomèetaa dashìmono tasÎkeai° home!, I'm
254 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

back! tàdatada tachiai° tachizume° tachiyùku


tataèru° tàdachini tachiaiè˙zetsu tach˜seki° dachoo°
Tadao° dadàkko tachiaini˙° tachÏtàkàtobi tachiyòru
tatakai° dadappìròi° tachiàu tachidashi° tachiwaza°
tatakainùku tàdadesae tachiàoi tachidàsu tachiwàru
tatakau°: tata- tadatorì° tachiaäari° tachitsÎkùsu° dachi˙°
kawanai°, ta- tadànaka° tachiaäàru° tachÏtsuzuke° tachi˙boo°
takaòo, tata- tàdani tachiaäèru° tachÏtsuzukèru° tatsu° dragon,
kaimàsu, tata- tadanomi° tàchìi tachidooshi° the Dragon
katte°, tatakaè- tadanori° tachììta tachidòkoroni° tàtsu to stand
ba, tatakaè tadabàtaraki tachiitàru° tachidomàru° up, to give up:
tatakawasu° tadabito° tachiiri° tachÏtòrì tatànai, tatòo,
tatakawaseru° tatamaru° tachiiriki˙shi° tachinaori° tachimàsu, tàt-
tatakì tatami° tachiìru tachinaòru° te, tàteba, tàte
tatakiaäèru° tatamiìwashi tachìuo tachinaràbu° tàtsùi
tatakìuri tatamiòmote tachiuchì° tachìnui dàtsui°
tatakiokòsu° tatamiäae° tachiuri° tachinoki° datsuijò°
tatakiotòsu° tatamikàesu tachìeri° tachinokÏsaki° datsuijoo°
tatakìäane tatamikakèru tachiòojoo tachinokìryoo Tatsuo°
tatakÏkìru° tatamikòmu tachiokure° tachinòku dakkai°
tatakÏkòmu° tatamìza˙ tachiokurèru° tachinobòru° takka˙°
tatakÏkoròsu° tatamishiki° tachiòyoäi tachinomi° dakka˙°
tatakÏkowàsu° tatamìshoku tachÏkàeru° tàchibà dakkyaku°
tatakìdai° tatamijiwa° tach˜kàze tachibàsami takkyuu°
tatakidàiku tatamisùire˙ tachÏkàtà tachÏhadakàru° dakkyuu°
tatakidàsu° tatamìtsÎki tachiäare° tachÏhataraki° takkyuubi˙°
tatakÏtsÎkèru° tatatmiberi° TachÏkàwa tachÏhataràku° tàkku
tatakinomèsu° tatamime° tachÏkì° Tachìbana tàggu
tatàku: tatakà- tatamiya° tachiäie° tachibànashi dakkÎsufù˙to
nai, tatakòo, tatamu°: tata- tachiäiki° tachibanaya° tàkkuru
tatakimàsu, manai°, tata- tachÏkìru tachÏhàbàtobi takke˙°
tatàite, tatàke- mòo, tatami- tachiäui° tachìba˙° dàkko
ba, tatàke màsu, tata˙- tachiäusare° tachìbi dakkoo°
tadaäoto° de°, tatamèba, tachÏkùzu tachibìna dakkoku°
tàdasae tatamè tachikurami° tachifÎsaäàru° datsuäoku°
tadàzake° tadamono° tachìäe tachÏfùrumai datsÎsara°
tàdashi tadayòu tachiäèeko, -èi- tachibùrumai tasshi°
tadashìi: tadà- tadayowàsu tachÏkomèru° tachimachi° dasshi°
shÏkatta, tadà- tatara° tachÏsakì° tachimawari° datsuji°
shÏku, tadàshÏ- tàtari tachÏsàbaki tachimawàru° tasshÏki°
kÎte, tadàshÏ- tatarìme° tachÏsàru tachimi° dasshìnyuu
kereba, tadàshi tatàru tachÏsawàäu tachimìseki dasshifù˙nyuu
tadashiäaki° tadare° tachÏshìäoto tachimukàu° dasshìme˙
tadàshÏsa tadarème° tachÏshòobe˙ tachìmochì tassha°
tadàsu tadareru° tachÏsùäata tachimodòru° dàsshu dash
tatazùmai tata˙° tachisÎkùmu tachiyaku° dàsshu° to usurp
tatazùmu tàchi tachÏsùji tachimonòìta dasshuu°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 255

dasshùuzai° datsuboo° datejime° tanabata° tanèzumi


dasshÎtsu° dappòkÎsha tateshàkai tanabatasàma° tanèdashi
dasshoku° tatsumaki° tatejàmise˙ tababatatsùme tanechìäai
tatsuji˙° Tatsumi° datesùäata tanabatamàtsuri tanetsÎkè°
dassui° datsumoo° tàtetsıku tanabìku tanètòri
dassùiki datsuraku° tatetsÎke° tanabota° tanenashi°
tassùru° datsùryoku° tatetsuzuke° tanabotashÏki° tanèbi°
dassùru° datsuri˙° tatètsubo tanamono° taneho˙°
tàtsÎse datsuroo° tatetòosu° tanàrashi tanèmaki
tassee°, -ei° tàte tatòi° tàna˙° tanèmono
datsuzee°, -ei° tade° tatòe° no matter Tàni tanèmomi
dasse˙° date° how tanì tane˙°
dàsso Date° tatòe, -òi simile, taniai° tane˙see°, -ei°
dassoo° tateana° comparison, tanìkaze tane˙seesòohoo,
datsuzoku° tateanajùukyo proverb taniäawa° -ei-
tatta° tateami° tatòeba Taniäawàdake tane˙soo°
tatsÎtaaäe° tateitanimizu° tatoebànashi taniku° tanoo°
dattai° tateito° tatoeyòo° Tanìäuchi tanokÎsatori
tattaìma tatèuta tatoèru Tanìzaki: Tanì- tanoshìi: tanò-
TatsÎtàäawa tateuri° tatòo: tatòoäami zaki Ju˙ìchiroo shÏkatta, tanò-
tatsÎtàhime tateèboshi tadoo° tànishi shÏku, tanòshÏ-
tàcchi tatèeri° datoo° tanizoko°, -so- kÎte, tanòshÏ-
tacchiàuto tateòyàma tatòokai tanimà° kereba, tanòshÏ
tacchÏpàneru tatekae° tadòoshi Danyuubùäawa tanòshÏsa
tacchuu° tatekàeru° datoosee°, -ei° taniwàtari tanoshìmì
dacchoo° tateäaki° tadoku° tani˙° tanoshìmu
tattsÎke° tatekakèru° tadòkoro tani˙àtsÎkai dànoni
tàtte° teteäata° tadotadoshìi tani˙gyòoäi tànomi reliance
dàtte tatèäami° tadoritsıku° tani˙sàmà tanomì request
dàtto° tateka˙°: tate- tadòru tanì˙zuu, -zu tanomikòmu°
dattòi kà˙ba˙ tado˙° tànuki tanomisÎkunài
dattoo° tategyòoji tana° tanukiòyaji tanòmu: tanomà-
tatsudoshi° tatekìru tanaaäe° tanukijijìi nai, tanomòo,
tattòbu tatèäu tanaita° tanukijìru tanomimàsu,
tatsunootoshìäo tateäùshoku tanauke° tanukinèiri tanò˙de, tanò-
TatsunokÎchi° tateäumi° tanaòroshi° tanukibabàa meba, tanòme
tàppaa: tappa- tateäuya° Tanaka° tanukibàyashi tanomòo
wèa, -aauèa tatekoo° tanako° tàne tanomoshi°
dappa˙° tatèäoto ta˙äo° taneàkashi tanomoshìi
dappi° tatekòmu tanaäòkorò taneàbura tàba
tappÏtsu° tatekomòru° tanazàrai taneita° dàha
tàppu: tappu- tatèshi tanazàrae taneimo° dàba
dà˙su tatèjiku° tanazarashì° tanèushi° tabai°
tappùru Tatèshina° Tànashi tanèuma° tabai°
daffurukòoto Tateshinayama°, tanada° Taneäàshima tabakàru
dappu˙° Tade- tanadate° taneäami° tabako°
tatsube˙° tatejima° tanàchi˙ taneäire° tabakòire
256 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tabakòse˙° tabimàkura tabesuäìru° tàmaki tamanòre˙


tabakòdai° tabimàwari tàpèsÎtori tamàäushi tamahàhaki
tabakòbo˙ tabìya° tabetsÎkè*ru° tamaäushìryoo tamahìroi
tabakoya° tabiyàkÎsha tabedè tamaäèru tamàbuchi°
tabasàmu tabyoo° tabenokoshi° tamàäo tamamàtsuri
tabashìru dàbi˙äu° tabenokòsu° tamaäoiro° tamamùkae
tabàsÎko° tàfu tabenokori° tamaäokakegò- tamàmushi
tàhata tàbùu tabehòodai ha˙ tamamushiiro°
Tàbata tafùgai° tabemònò tamaäoäata° tamamùsubi
tahatsu° tàbusà tabemonòya° tamaäòkiri tamamonò°
tabanè° tàfÎta tabèru: tabènai, tamaäòzake Tamamonorèeru
tabanèru dabudabu° loose tabeyòo, tabe- tamaäodòofu tamaya° mauso-
tàbi socks (with jeans màsu, tàbete, tamaäòtoji leum
big toes sepa- dàbudabu he's tabèreba, tabèro tamaäodò˙buri tamàya jeweller
rate) flabby around dabèru tamaäonari° tamàyura°
tabi° trip, jour- the waist tabe˙° tamaäòmè tamayokè°
ney, tour tàbutsu dabe˙° tamaäoyaki° tamaranai°
dàbi dabutsÎku° tahè˙kee°, -ei° tamàsaka° tamari°
tabiàkìnai dafùya tàbo tamàza˙ tamarikanèru
tabiakì˙do taburakàsu dàho damashì damarikòmu°
tapioka° daburyuushìi, tahòo damashiai° tamariba°
tabikasanàru° -ryushìi taboo° tàmashii tamarìmizu
tabikàseäi dàbùru daboo° damashìuchi tamaru°
tabikàseäi daburukyàsÎto tahootoo° damashìe damàru: dama-
tabigèeni˙, -èi- dàburusu tahòomè˙ damashÏkòmu° rànai, dama-
tabikòoäyoo daburùhaba daboku° damashitòru° ròo, damari-
tabiäòkoro daburupà˙chi dabòkıshoo tamàjari° màsu, damàt-
tabìäòto daburupurèe daboshatsu° damàsu te, damàreba,
tabiasakì° daburuhèddaa dabohaze° tamàzusa damàre
tabìji° daburubèddo dabora° tamasuji° tamarèee˙, -èie˙
tabijìtaku tàburètto daho˙° tamase˙° tamawàru
tabishìbai taburòido tama° occasio- Tàmachi tàmi
tabishò taburoidoba˙° nally tamàtsÎkì dàmii
tabishòozoku tàburòo tamà ball, bulb, tamatsÎkìdai° tamìkÎsa
tabishòoni˙ tabu˙° publicity bullet tamatèbako damiäòe°
tabisùäata tàbu˙ probably dàmà Tamadoobutsùe˙ dami˙°
tabizùkare dabu˙° tamaashi° tamadome° dàmu
tabizùmai tabeakìru° tàmai tamàna° tamukè
tabisoo° tabearuki° tamàishi° tamanashi° tamukèäusa
tabidachì° tabeawase° tamaito° tamani° tamukeyama°
tabidàtsu tabekake° tamairè° tamanìshÏka Tamukeyamajì˙-
tabitabi° tabekàsu° tamaòkuri tamanìwa ja
tabinìkki tabekàta tamàäaki tamanèäi tamukèru
tabini˙° tabeäòro° damakàsu tamanoàse tamushi°
tabìne° tabezàkari Tamàäawa tamanòo Tàmura
tabihàdashi tabesuäi° Tamaäawajòosui tamanokòshi° tamuro°
tabibito° tabezuäìrai tamaäawase˙° tamanòrì tàmiurosuru°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 257

tame° to sink damono° daritsu° tàwaa ta˙kadàiäaku


tamè because, tàmo˙ taryuu° tawaapàaki˙äu ta˙äa˙°
due to tayàsu taryuujìai tàwai°, tàai° da˙ka˙°
dame tayasùi° taryoo° tàwainài, tàai- da˙äa˙°
tameìki Tàyama Kàtai daryoku° nài tà˙ki
tameike° tàyuu tariru°: tarinai°, tawakè dà˙ki
dàmèeji tayuumoto° tarimàsu, tarite°, tawakemonò° dà˙äì
dameoshì° tayumì tarirèba, tarirò tawakèru ta˙k˜kà˙
tamekòmu tayùmu taru° tawaäoto° ta˙kidàiäaku
tameshì tayoo° darùi tawashi° ta˙kyuu°
tameshiäaki° tayoosee°, -ei° tarùäaki° tawàmu da˙kyuu°
tameshiäiri° tayoku° taruki° tawamurè° ta˙kyòri
tameshizuri° tàyori taruzake° tawamurèru tà˙ku
tamèsu tayorinài tarutarusòosu tawamèru ta˙äùsÎte˙
damèdashi° tayòru: tayorà- tarunuki° tawarà ta˙äutsu°
tàmetsÎsuäame- nai, tayoròo, taruhìroi Tawaràmachi ta˙kÎtòppu
tsu tayorimàsu, ta- daruma° Tawaraya Sòo- ta˙kuròorii
Tamènaäa Shù˙- yòtte, tayòreba, darumadàishi tatsu tà˙kee, -ei
sui tayòre tarumi° tàwawa° ta˙äee°, -ei°
tamèni tàra tarumìkoshi ta˙° phlegm da˙kee°, -ei°
tamenuri° tarai° tarè tà˙ tan ta˙äesàze˙
tamemizu° taraimàwashi dàre who dà˙ da˙ketsu°
tamerài° daraka˙° darè slack, sag ta˙àtari da˙kètsıshi˙
tameràikizu daraku° tàrèäashi da˙atsu° da˙ketsùryoku
tameràu darakèru° dàrekare, tà- da˙a˙° ta˙ke˙°
tameru°: tame- tarakò° dareäìmi° tà˙i ta˙äè˙°
nai°tameyòo, darashi° tarekomèru° dà˙i da˙äè˙°
tamemàsu, ta- tarashÏkòmu° taresaäàru° ta˙ìsuu ta˙ke˙ka°
mete°, tamerè- darashinài dàreshimo, tà- ta˙itsu° ta˙ke˙tai°
ba, tamerò taràsu dàresore, tà- da˙i˙° ta˙äo° words,
tamèru tàratara dàredare dà˙u vocabulary
tame˙° many- dàradara tarenaäashi° da˙u˙° tà˙äo tango
sided, versatile daradaràzaka tarenaäàsu° tà˙o˙° dà˙ko
tàme˙° another- tarachine° tarebito° ta˙ò˙kai da˙äo°
side tàràppu dàrehÏtori ta˙ka° carboni- ta˙koo°
tame˙tai° darani° tarèmaku° zation, verbal da˙koo°
tame˙teki° tarabàäani tareme° shot da˙äoo°
tàmo taràfÎku° dàremo° tà˙ka traditio- ta˙kòoshoku
tamoo° hairy darari° dangling tarèru: tarènai, nal poem, u- ta˙koobo˙°
tamòo (aux. v.) obi tareyòo, taremà- nit price da˙äoku°
tamòosaku daràrì to dan- su, tàrete, tare- da˙ka° da˙äòbana
tamòkÎsaku gle màsu, tàrete, tà˙kaa ta˙kòbu°
tamòkÎteki dària, -iya tarèreba, tarèro da˙kai° da˙äòmushi
Tamotsu° tariki° darèru da˙äai° da˙ko˙°
tamòtsu tarìk˜shuu tàre˙to° da˙äaiè˙zetsu tà˙sa
tamotò tarikÏhò˙äa˙ Tàroo da˙kàzari tà˙za
tamotòkÎso taritsu° taròokàja ta˙kasùiso dà˙sa°
258 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

dà˙saa ta˙jòo° ne, cholelith Dà˙te tà˙paku°


ta˙sai° da˙shoo° da˙zetsu° ta˙tee°, -ei° ta˙pakùshÏtsu
da˙zai° da˙joo° ta˙se˙° dà˙dii ta˙pàkÎseki
ta˙saiäa° ta˙jooìwai ta˙ze˙° ta˙teeshòosetsu, ta˙bàäuri
ta˙sàiboo ta˙shooshÏki° da˙se˙° -ei- da˙bàshiäo
ta˙saku° ta˙shiyooshokù- da˙ze˙° ta˙teki° ta˙patsu°
ta˙zàkù butsu tà˙so ta˙deki° da˙patsu°
ta˙zakuäata° ta˙jòoseki ta˙soo° tà˙tetsu dà˙bana
Ta˙zània° ta˙shootoo° da˙soo° ta˙de˙° ta˙bahòozuki
ta˙zawa° ta˙jòobi da˙soosàtsuee, -ei ta˙to° ta˙pahòosoo
ta˙sa˙° ta˙jòobutsu ta˙soku° dà˙to° tà˙bari˙
ta˙sa˙ì˙ryoo da˙shòori da˙zoku° ta˙too° charge ta˙pa˙°
ta˙sa˙gàsu dà˙jokyooäaku ta˙sosè˙i ta˙tòo short dà˙pa˙
ta˙sà˙sui ta˙shoku° da˙so˙jòhi sword tà˙bi aesthetics
ta˙sà˙se˙° da˙shoku° tà˙da da˙too° ta˙bì every
ta˙sa˙sòoda da˙joäumi° ta˙tai° da˙doo° time
ta˙shi° short dà˙jodooke˙ ta˙dai° da˙tooìhe˙ ta˙bishùäi
poem ta˙jìru° da˙taikyòoäi da˙toodai° da˙pitsu°
tà˙shi terminal da˙jìru° da˙taikòoshoo da˙dòoda˙° ta˙pyoo°
dà˙shi ta˙shi˙° da˙taikòodoo ta˙toochoku- ta˙birà°
dà˙ji ta˙shi˙fùni˙ da˙tairyòkoo nyuu° ta˙pi˙°
ta˙jìka˙ ta˙su° da˙tàiri˙° ta˙doku° single da˙pi˙äu°
ta˙shÏki° dà˙su da˙dara° tà˙doku rose dà˙pu: da˙pù-
da˙jikì° ta˙sui° da˙darajima° ta˙dokÎkòodoo kàa
ta˙shÏkibòki da˙sui° da˙darazome° ta˙dokÎkòowa tà˙pÎku, -fÎku
ta˙jìjitsu ta˙suikàbutsu da˙daramòyoo da˙totsu° ta˙bùkuro
ta˙sh˜chuu ta˙sùiäyo ta˙ta˙° da˙dòri° tà˙buraa
ta˙shÏtsu° ta˙sùu da˙da˙° da˙na° ta˙bu˙°
ta˙jìtsùäetsu da˙sÎhòoru da˙dà˙ko da˙nasàma° ta˙pèekyuu°, -èi-
dà˙jite ta˙suyòki˙ da˙da˙bàtake da˙nasa˙° ta˙betsu°
da˙sh˜fÎku ta˙zùru° tà˙chi° da˙nadera° ta˙betsuwari°
ta˙sha° motor- ta˙see°, -ei° sigh da˙chi° housing ta˙natò˙neru da˙beru°
cycle tà˙see, -ei great complex tà˙naru ta˙pe˙°
tà˙sha cinnabar deal dà˙chi warm ta˙ni° da˙pè˙°
dà˙shaku° tà˙see°, -ei° district, mild Ta˙nìshoo ta˙pe˙shòosetsu
da˙shu° handsome climate region ta˙ni˙° da˙pe˙teki°
ta˙shuu° da˙see°, -ei° da˙chìzoku da˙netsu° ta˙bo°
ta˙juu° da˙seegàsshoo, tà˙cho da˙netsùzai° tà˙po
da˙shuu° -ei- ta˙choo° dull, tà˙ne˙ ta˙boo°
ta˙jùushÏtsu da˙seeteki°, -ei- bird-watching da˙nè˙° da˙boo°
ta˙shÎku° da˙seeteki°, -ei- tà˙choo minor ta˙nè˙do da˙bookìäu
ta˙ju˙° da˙sèebi, -èi- key Da˙nòura da˙bòoru
ta˙jù˙ka° da˙seehòrumo˙, da˙choo° ta˙noo° da˙boorùbako
ta˙jù˙se˙° -ei- ta˙choozùru ta˙nòoe˙° ta˙pòhi˙°
tà˙sho tà˙seki° morn- da˙tsùu Tà˙ba tà˙poo
dà˙jo ing “ evening ta˙tsùba° tà˙pa ta˙bòmichi
ta˙shoo° tà˙seki gallsto- ta˙tsùbo° ta˙bai° ta˙pòyari
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 259

tà˙po˙ chìi chìo˙° chÏkazukèru chikarawazà°


ta˙hò˙i chìiki chiò˙i˙ chÏkasòshÏki chÏka˙°
tà˙ma chiik˜kàihatsu ch˜kà chiäàtanà ch˜kì
da˙maku° chiikìkyuu chÏkai° basement jikatabi°, chÏka- chìäi
ta˙matsu° chiikÏshàkai chÏkài° oath, ch˜kachÏka chÏkyuu°
da˙màtsuma chìiku teak, pledge chÏkàtte° chÏkyùuäi
ta˙màri cheek chÏkài near, chÏkatetsu° chÏkyùusetsu
da˙mari° chìiku° mental close: chÏkà- chÏkàdoo chìäyo
tà˙mee°, -ei° training katta, chÏkà- chÏkàma° chÏkyoo°
tà˙me˙ chiisài ku, chÏkàkÎte, ChÏkàmatsu chìäyoo
da˙mè˙° chiisaäàtana chÏkàkereba, Mò˙zaemo˙ chÏkyòodai
da˙mè˙zu chìisana chÏkàshÏ chÏkamàwari chiäyòotori
tà˙mo chiisame° chiäai° di‡erence chÏkàmichi chiäirì°
ta˙moo° chìizu chìäai° spat chÏkame° closer, chiäìru
tà˙mono° chiizùkiri chÏkaiäotò° nearer chiäireäùmo
da˙mònò chiizukèeki chiäàidana chÏkàme myopia chiäirechìäire
ta˙monoya° chìitaa, -ta chiäaihòoke˙ chìäaya chiäirèru
da˙yaku° chìifu chiäaime° chÏkayosèru° chìkì˙
da˙yàkıko chìimu chÏkàu° chÏkayòru° chigi˙°
da˙yuu° chiimupurèe chiäau°: chiäa- chÏkarà chÏki˙ràisu
ta˙yoo° chiimuwàaku wanai°, chiäai- chÏkaràashi chìku
ta˙yòoki chiumi° màsu, chiäatte°, chÏkaràishi chìäu
ta˙raku° chiè chiäaèba, chiäaè chÏkaraìppai chÏkùichi°
da˙rakù° chèàma˙ chÏkaù˙doo chÏkaraùdo˙ chÏäuu°
da˙ra˙° chèe˙ chiäaeru° chÏkaraòtoshi chÏkuò˙ki
tà˙ri chee˙sÎtòa chÏkàäai chÏkaràoyobazu° Ch˜kuäo
ta˙rìhoo° chèè˙te˙ chÏkaku° percep- chÏkaràäami ChÏkuäòäàwa
tà˙ryaku chieòkure tion chÏkarakà˙kee, Chìäusa
da˙ryuu° chiekùrabe chÏkàku° earth -ei chÏkuzai°
tà˙ryo Chèko crust chÏkarakùrabe chÏkusa˙°
tà˙ryoku Chìeko chÏkàku neigh- chÏkaràkobu chÏkusà˙butsu
dà˙ryoku° chièsha borhood chÏkarashìäoto ch˜kùji
da˙ryokÎsee°, -ei° chèsu chìäaku chÏkarajìma˙ chÏkujitsu°
da˙ri˙° chèkkaa chÏkakÎhè˙doo° chÏkarazukù° chìkÎsha
da˙ri˙ha° chèkku chÏkàkee, -ei chÏkarazukèru chÏkushòo
tà˙ree°, -ei° chekkuàuto chÏkàäoo chÏkarazùmoo chÏkujooshì˙äi
tà˙re˙ chekkùì˙ chÏkakòosaku chÏkarazuyòi chÏkushòodoo
dà˙ro chekkuàuto chÏkàäoro chÏkarazoe° chÏkuseki°
da˙ro˙° chiènetsu chÏkàsa chÏkaradànomi ChÏkùze˙
da˙wa° chienowà° chÏkashìi chÏkaradàmeshi chÏkuze˙ni°
chì chièba chÏkàjika° chÏkaranuke° chÏkuze˙bìwa
chiai° chiebùkuro chÏkashìäe˙ chÏkarànuno chÏkuzoo°
chiagàaru chèrii chÏkàshÏtsu chÏkarabùsoku ch˜kuchÏku
chianòoze chèro, sèro chÏkajìkke˙ chÏkaramàkase chÏkude˙°, -te˙°
chiarìidaa chie˙° chÏkàsui chÏkaramake° chÏkudè˙ki
chìa˙° chè˙ji chÏkazuki° chÏkaràmizu chÏkudè˙chi
chia˙ijìhoo° che˙baro° chÏkazùku chÏkaràmochi chÏkude˙°
260 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

chÏkunoo° Ch˜shima: ChÏ- chÏsowari° ch˜ppòke Chibadai°


chÏkunòoshoo° shimarèttoo ch˜taa, chÏtàa chÏtee°, -ei° Chibadàiäaku
chìäuhaäu° chÏshimakàiryuu chÏtai° delay, chÏteki° chÏchibanàre
chÏkùbano tò- chijimaru° foolery chÏtekizàisa˙ chÏhàrai°
mo, chÏkuba- chijimi° ch˜tai region chideji° chiba˙°
notòmo chijimiaäàru -ch˜tài: a˙ze˙- ch˜te˙ chìbi
ch˜kùbi chijimu°: chiji- ch˜tài chÏto° chìbichibi
chÏkubùshima manai°, chiji- chìdai, jìdai chidòosetsu chihÏtsu°
ChÏkuhoo° mòo, chijimi- ch˜tàbi chÏtòku, ch˜toku chibikko°
chÏkuhootà˙de˙ màsu, chiji˙- chidarakè° ChÏtòse° chibìfude
ChÏkumàäawa de°, chijimèba, chidàruma chÏtosèame chÏhyoo°
chÏkùrì chijimè ch˜tà˙ chidome° chibìrichibiri
chÏkuri˙° chijimeru° chÏchì father, chìdori chibìru
chÏkùrui chÏsha° lettuce milk chidorìashi chìhiro, ch˜hiro
chìkùro ch˜shà wise man chìchi slow hidoriäake° chìbu
chÏkuwa° chÏshoo° chÏchìue chidoriäòoshi chìbusa
chÏkuwàbu chijoo° chÏchìushi° chido˙° chìfÎsu, chìbusu
chÏkee°, -ei° chijòoke˙ chÏchiòsae chinamaäusài chìbutsu
chÏkèezu, -èi- chijoku° chÏchioya° chinamì chÏhee°, -ei°
ch˜kètto chijirasu° chÏchikata° chìnamini° chÏheese˙°, -ei-
chÏkèmuri chijiraseru° chÏchìäimi chinàmu Chibètto
chÏke˙° chÏshìryoo chÏchikÎsài chiniku° chÏhedo°
chÏkè˙sha chijire° chÏchikùru chinichÏha° chìho, chÏhò
chiäo° chijireäe°, -ekke° chÏchiäo° chinuki° chÏhoo° dementia
chÏkoku° chijireru° chÏchìnohi chinùru chÏhòo provinces
chiäowa° chìji˙° chÏchihaha chinetsu°, ji- -ch˜hòo: Ka˙too-
chÏsa°, chÏsha° chìzu ChÏchìbu chinetsÎhàtsu- ch˜hòo
chÏsai° ch˜sui° chÏchibumèese˙, de˙, ji- chìboo°
chÏsàäari chÏsuikòoji -èi- chinoàme chÏhòoka˙
chÏsa˙° Chìzuko chÏchùu° chinoikè chÏhoogìkai
chìshi chÏsuji° chÏchùukai chinoùmi chÏhoogyòosee, -ei
chìji chÏsee°, -ei° to- chÏchì˙puipui chìnoo chÏhoogì˙koo
chÏshio° pography chÏtsù chinookè˙sa chÏhòoku
chijikamu° ch˜see°, -ei° rule, chìkki chinoosh˜sùu chihookoofùzee,
chÏshÏki reign, peaceful ch˜kkyo chinòoha˙ -ei
chìjìki times ch˜kku chinoke° chÏhookoomùi˙
chishÏkikàikyuu chìsèe, -èi intel- chÏkkoo° chìnoshio chÏhòosai
chishÏkìji˙ lect ch˜tsujo chinonàmida chÏhoozàisee, -ei
chishÏkìyoku chÏseeteki°, -ei- chÏtsùzuki chinomìäo chÏhoosaiba˙shò°
chìjiku° chÏseki° chìsso chinomichi° chÏhòoshi
chijikureru° chÏsetsu° chÏssoku° chinomeäuri° chÏhòojìchi
chijikomaru° ch˜sò, ch˜so chÏssohìryoo chinori° clotted chÏhòoshoo°
chishÏtsu° com- chÏsoo° stratum chÏcchài blood chÏhòoshoku
plete knowledge chÏsòo° geogra- chÏttòmo chìnori geo- chÏhòozee, -ei
chìshÏtsu° geolo- phical features chÏttòyasotto graphical ad- chÏhoodà˙tai
gical features chÏsòku chÏttòwa vantage chÏhootòshi
chishÏtsùäaku chizome° ch˜ppu Chìba chÏhooba˙°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 261

chÏhòobù˙ke˙ chaäàshi chakùna˙ chàdoo, sàdoo chàri


chÏhoomàwari chakàsu chakuni°, chakka° chadòoäu chàritii
chimaki° chakàsshoku chakuni˙° chadòkoro charitiishòo
chimata° chaäama° chakubàrai chanòkì charyoo°, saryoo°
chìmachima chaäayu° chakÎhyoo° chanoma° chari˙ko°
chimàtsuri° chaäara° chakufÎku° chanomì charumera°
chimànako° chàki chakùbu˙ chanomijàwa˙ chàrè˙ji
chimàmire° chakÏchaki° gen- chakùmì chanomitòmo- charè˙jaa
chimame° uine chakumoku° dachi chàwa, sàwa
chimayòu chàkÏchaki in- chakuyoo° chanomibànashi chawa˙°
chìmi fluential chakuriku° chanoyu° chawà˙zake
chimichi° chakì˙° chakuryuu° chabàori chawà˙mushi
chimitsu° chaki˙shìbori chàko chabako° chà˙
chimidoro° chakì˙zushi chakoorugurèe chabàshira° cha˙konàbe
chìmimooryoo chàku chakoshi° chabàtake chà˙su
%mùuru, Chi- chàkùi chasaji° chabana° cha˙charaoka-
chimee°, -ei° chakùeki° chàji chabànashi shìi
well-known chakuekibàrai chashÏtsu° chabara° chà˙cha˙ regu-
chìmee°, -ei° age 50 chakuäa˙° chashibu° chaba˙° larly, promptly
chimèeji˙, -èi- chakuäà˙te˙ chashaku° chaba˙kyòoäe˙ cha˙chà˙ pad-
chimeeteki°, -ei- chakuza° chaji˙° chabà˙äeki ded waistcoat
chìmoku chàkÎshi chazuku° chabìshaku cha˙to°
cha° chakujitsu° chaseki° chabitsu° cha˙neru°
chàaji chàkÎshu° chasè˙° chabi˙° cha˙bara°
chaashùu chakushÎtsu° chasè˙äami chabùkÎsa chà˙pio˙
chàataa chakushÎtsùshi chasoba° chabùkuro chà˙po˙
chaataabi˙° chakuju˙° chadai° chàpısui chìyu
chàachi chakÎshoo° chataku° chabudai° chuu° note,
Chàachiru chakÎshoku° chadachi° chàperu comment
chàaha˙ chakÎshokùryoo chadana° chàbo chùu loyalty,
chàami˙äu chakÎshi˙° chada˙su° chahòojì sky, air
chàamu chakÎsui° chàchi chabòozu chìyuu° bosom
chaarùsÎto˙ chakÎsùru chàcha chìyahoya friend
ChaikofÎsÎkìi chakÎsee°, -ei° chachachà chabo˙° chìyuu wisdom
Chàina chakÎseki° chatsùu chàmi “ courage
chàimu chakÎsekiju˙° chakka° chamise° chùui
chairudoshìito chakÎse˙° chakkàri chàme chuuiäaki°
chairè° chakÎsoo° chàkku chameshi° chuuijìkoo
chairo° chakÎso˙° chakke˙° chamekkè° chuuijì˙butsu
chairoi° chakÎtai° chakkoo° chaya° chuuichi°
chauke° chakudatsu° chatto° chayaàsobi chuuibukài
chausu° chakuda˙° Chàppuri˙ chayaò˙na chuuìhoo
chae˙° chakuda˙kyòru chàtsubo chayàzake chuuìryoku
chaò˙do chakÎchi° chatsumì° chàra chuuì˙gàmu
chàka, sàka chakÎchaku° chatsumìuta chàrachara chuuee°, -ei°
chakai° chakude˙° chatee°, -ei° chàrappoko° chuuoo° capital,
chaäake° chakÎtoo° chatoo° chara˙pora˙° government
262 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

chuuòo° central chùuäi chuusai° chuushì˙te˙ chuutohà˙pa


chuuooàrupÎsu chuuäidate° chuuzai° chuushì˙bu chuutoro°
chuuookà˙choo chuukiyami° chuuzaishò° chuusui° chuuto˙°
Chuuòoku chuukyuu° chuusàini˙° chuusùie˙° chuutò˙äu˙, -˙g-
chuuòoäuchi° Chuukyoo° chuuzara° chuuzuri° chùunaa
chuuookòosoku chuukyòoshi˙ chuusa˙° chuusùru chuunàäo˙
chuuookòoro˙ chuukyòri chuusa˙kàikyuu chuusee°, -ei° Chuunà˙bee, -ei
chuuooshùuke˙ chuuki˙° chuushi° cancel- fairness, neu- chuuni°
chuuoosèefu, -èi- chuukì˙too lation trality chuunìkai
chuuoose˙° chuukuu° chùushi° close chùuseethe, -ei chuunikuu°
Chuuoodàiäaku chuuäùu observation Middle Ages chuunichi°
chuuòodoo Chuuäuujì chùushi middle chuusèeshi, -èi- chuunyuu°
chuuoobu˙ritai° chuuäushi° lobe bronchus chuuseeshìboo, -ei- chuuni˙°
chuuoshi° chuukurai°, -ä- chùuji chuuseesè˙zai, -ei- chuuni˙äu°
chuuo˙° chuukee°, -ei° chuujìe˙ chuuzee° chuune˙°
chùuka chuukeehòosoo, chuujiki° chuuseki° chuune˙bùtori
chuukai° -ei- chuujiku° chuusèk˜see, -ei chuune˙mono°
chuäai° insect chuuke˙° chuujitsu° chuusetsu° chuunoo°
damage chuuäe˙° tradi- chuusha° chuuzetsu° chuunori°
chùuäai domes- tional midyear chuushàeki chuuse˙° chùuha
tic “ foreign gift-giving chuushàki chuuse˙kyòku chùuba
chuukàisha chuuäè˙° advice, chuushaki˙shi° chuuze˙jìko chuuhai°
chuuäàeri counsel, ad- chuushakù° chuusoo° chuubàika
chuukàäai monition chuushajoo° chuuzoo° chuuhaba°
chuukaku° chùuko° second- chuushuu° chuusotsu° chuuha˙°
chùuäaku hand, used chuushÎtsu° chuuso˙° chuuba˙°
chuuäàkÎsee, -ei chùuko Middle chuuju˙° Chùuso˙ji chuuba˙se˙°
chuuäàkùne˙ Ages chuushoo° cal- chùutaa chuubi°
Chuukaji˙mi˙- chuukoo° cast umny, abstrac- chuutai° chuubi˙°
kyoowàkoku steel, restora- tion chuudai° chùubuc
chuukasòba tion chùushoo small chuutàichoo chuubuu°, -fuu°
chuuäata° chùukoo loyalty to medium chuudachi° Chuubuchìhòo
chuuäàkkoo “ filial piety chuujoo° inmost chuuda˙° chuuburari˙°
chuukanàbe chuukòoshoku feelings chùuchuu chuufuri°
Chuukamì˙koku chuukootoo° chùujoo lieute- chùucho chuuburu°
chuukaryòori chuukòone˙ nant general chuuppara° chuuhee°, -ei°
chuuka˙° chuukoku° chuushookìäyoo chuutèesha, -èi- chuubee°, -ei°
chuuka˙sàkÎshu Chùuäoku chuushookiäyòo- chuutè˙° chuuhe˙°
chuukà˙shi Chuuäokuäo° choo chuuto° chuuboo°
chuukà˙shoku Chuuäokùji˙ chuushoogèeju- Chuutoo° chuuboku°
chuuka˙hòokoku ChuuäokÎchìhòo tsu, -èi- chuudoo° chuuboso°
chuuki° paraly- chuuäoshi° chuushooteki° chuutooäàkkoo chuumitsu°
sis chuukòsha chuushoku° chuutookyòoiku chuumoku°
chùuki middle chuukòhi˙° chuushi˙° chuutòobu chuumono°
period chuukò˙hi chuushi˙äura° chùudoku chuumo˙°
chùuki° annota- chuusa° chuushi˙jì˙butsu chuudòshima chuumo˙äaki°
tion chuuza° chuushì˙chi chuutotàiäaku chuumò˙kÏki
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 263

chuumo˙saki° rary account chookyoridè˙wa chooshısha choozoo°


chuumò˙tori Chòoa˙° chookyoribàsu choojubà˙zuke choosoku°
chuumo˙nàäare chòoi chooki˙° chooshùritsu choozoku°
chuumo˙hi˙° chooìki˙° chòoku chòosho chòoso˙°
chùuya chooi˙° chookee°, -ei° chòojo choosò˙kai
chuuyaòbi chooì˙shÏki chookeshì° chooshoo° chooso˙gàppee°,
chùuyake˙koo chooee°, -ei° chooketsu° choojoo° super- -ei°
chuuyu° chooeki° chookèkkaku position, con- choosò˙zee, -ei
chùuyuu° chooetsu° chooke˙° volution choosò˙choo
chuuyoo° chòoe˙ chooäe˙° choojòo top, chòoda
chuuyootòkki chooe˙kee°, -ei° chòoge˙jitsÎha° summit choodai°
chuuyoku° chooo˙° tuning, chookoo° chooshoku° chootàikoku
chuuriku° imperial bless- Chòokoo choojirì° choodaimono°
chuuritsu° ing or favor chooäoo° choojìru° chootaku°
chuurìtsıkoku chòoo˙° hearing chookòosee, -ei chooshi˙° chootatsu°
chuuritsuch˜tài chòoo˙ long chookòozetsu chooji˙° choodatatsu°
chùurìppu sound, articu- chookòosoo chooshì˙ki choota˙° deep
chùuryaku° lation chookoku° chooshì˙kee, -ei sigh
chuuryuu° chooò˙kai chookokÎka° chooji˙teki° chòota˙°
chuuryuukài- chooò˙soku chòosa chooshi˙rukotsu° strengths “
kyuu chooò˙pa chòoza° chòozu weaknesses,
chuuryùugu˙ chooò˙pu choozai° choosùu good “ bad
chuuryoo° chooka° excess choosàda˙ choozukè° points
chuuri˙° chòoka funeral chòozame choozùba° chootà˙ba
chuuri˙jo° flowers, dirge, choosa˙bòshi choozùbachi choochìfÎsu,
chuureetoo°, -ei- catch chooshi° sake choozumè° -butsu
chuuroo° chookai° bottle, tune, choozura° choochaku°
chuuròoi chòoäai° pitch, rhythm choosùru chòocho, -oo but-
chuuwa° chookaigìi˙ chòoshi the first choozùru° terfly
chuuwàzai° chookàisa˙ child choosee°, -ei° chòochoo town
Chunìjia° chookaishòbu˙ chooji° words of choozee°, -ei° mayor, major
chùnikku chookaibohe˙° condolence, chòoseki day in key
chù˙chu˙ chòokaku° eulogy “ day out chòochoohàsshi
chò chookàtaru chòoji beloved chòoseki° feld- choochì˙
chòisu chooka˙° child spar, tide choochi˙gyòore-
chòichoi chookà˙zu choojìka˙ choosetsu° tsu
chòito° chòoki chooshizùku choozetsu° choochì˙mochi
chòo chòoäi chooshÏhàzure, choose˙° choochi˙ya°
-choo°: shashi˙- choogìkai -shÏppà- Choosè˙ chootsùäai
choo°, bibu˙- chook˜kà˙ choojimè° chooze˙° chootee°, -ei°
choo° chook˜se˙° chooshimono° choose˙asàäa chooteki°
-choo: keesh˜- chookyaku° chòosha Choose˙äo° chòotè˙
choo, kei- chookyuu° chòoja° choosi˙äo° choode˙°
chooai° love, chookyoo° chòoshu° choose˙nì˙ji˙ choodè˙doo
a‡ection, fa- chookyòoshi chòoju Choose˙hà˙too chòoto
vor chookiyòhoo chooshuu° chòoso choodò exactly
chooaì° tempo- chookyòri choojuu° choosoo° chòodo furniture
264 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

chootoo° choohòokee°, -ei° chokì˙bako chòkÎchoku chota˙°


choodoo° chòoho˙° choku° outspo- chokÎtsuu° chochÏku°
choodooke˙° choohò˙ni˙ kenness chokÎtsuurèssha chòkka
chootòoha chòoma˙ chòku direct- chokÎtoo° chòkkai
choodòkyuu choomà˙i˙ ness, candour chokunì˙ka˙ chokkaäata°
chootòkÎsaku chòomi chòku, -ko chokÎhai° chokkaäatajì-
chootòkkyuu choomìryoo chokuee°, -ei° chokubai° shi˙
choodòhi˙° choomi˙° chokuèete˙, -èi- chokÎha˙° chokkaku°
choonà choomì˙zee, -ei chokuoomaishi˙° chòkÎhi chokkatsu°
chòonai choomùsubi chokùo˙ chokÎhootai° chokkàkkoo
choonàikai -choomè°: icchoo- chokuäeki° chokumee°, -ei° chokka˙°
chòonà˙ mè° chokuäekìda˙° chokume˙° chokka˙teki°
chòoni˙ choomee°, -ei° chokuäe˙° chokuyaku° chokki°
choonèkÎtai Chòomeeji, -ei- chokuäo° impe- chokuyu° chokkyuu°
choonè˙äetsu choomè˙ rial rescript chokuyùshÎtsu chòkkyo
choonè˙te˙ choome˙zura° chòkuäo imme- chokuyùnyuu chokkìri
choonòoryoku choomoku° diately after chokuritsu° chokki˙°
chòoha choomotò° chokÎsai° chokuritsuè˙ji˙ chokkùra
chooba° vaulting choomò˙kai chòkÎshi chokuryuu° chokkee°, -ei°
horse choomò˙kyaku shokuji°, cho- chokuretsu° chokkeesò˙zoku,
choobà counter chòoya chokÎsha° shoäe˙°, cho- -ei-
choobaäòshi chooyaku° chokÎshàkoo Chìyoku chokketsu°
choohatsu° chooyuu° chokÎshanìkkoo chokòzai° chokkoo°
chòobatsu° chooyoo° chokujoo° chòkochoku chòtto°
choohatsÎteki° chòorai chokujookeekoo°, chokòtto chottomi°
choohanàäata chooraku° -ei- chokonà˙° chottòyasòtto
chòoha˙ chòori chokÎshi˙° chòkomaka choppìri
Choofu° choorìshi chokÎsetsu° di- chokorèeto chòtotsumooshi˙
choofÎku° choorìdai° rect(ly), imme- chokò˙to chohàkkai
choobuku° chooritsu° diate(ly) chosaku° chobìhiäe°
choobutsu° choorìtsıshi chokÎsetsu°, cho- chosakka°, -akÎka° chòboo
choobu˙° choorini˙° kÎsai° direct chosàkıke˙ choboäàtari
chooheekè˙sa, -ei- chooryuu° chokÎsetsÎkòodoo chosàkısha chobokure°
choohèesoku, -èi- chooryoo° chokÎsetsùzee, -ei chosakùbutsu chobochobo° not
choohe˙° chòoryoku chokÎsetsÎteki° chòsha bad, but not
choohe˙shòose- chòorui chokÎse˙° chojutsu° particularly
tsu chooree°, -ei° chokuze˙° chojutsÎka° good
chòobo enlist- chooreebokai°, -ei- chokÎse˙kyòri chojutsùäyoo° chòbochobo thin
ment chòore˙ chokÎse˙kòosu chòsho shrubs grow
choobo° account chooroo° chokÎsè˙shuu chosui° sparsely there
book choowa° chokÎsè˙bi chosùichi chomee°, -ei°
choohoo° funeral chiyòäami ChokÎse˙wakà- chozoo° chomèeji˙, -èi-
salute, secret choki° boat shuu chozòoko choritsu°
information chòki scissors chokÎsoo° Chìyoda choròi
chòohoo conve- chòkÏchoki chokuzoku° Chiyodàku chòroäi, chòo-
nient, handy choki˙° chokudai° Chiyodàjoo chiyòrozu°
chooboo° choki˙tsùuchoo chokÎchòo° chiyodase˙° chòrochoro
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 265

choromakàsu chiribamèru chì˙ko chi˙tsuu° tsuikai°


chò˙ chirihàrai chì˙äo chi˙tsùuzai° tsuikayòsa˙
chò˙äaa chirihòkori° chi˙koo° chi˙tee°, -ei° tsuikà˙ba˙herù-
cho˙äìru chirime˙° chi˙kòro chi˙de˙° nia
cho˙maäe° chirimè˙äami chi˙ko˙° chi˙dè˙butsu tsuiki°
cho˙maäemono° chirime˙jàko chi˙kò˙ka chi˙too° tsuikyuu°
chirakasu° chirime˙jiwa° chi˙kò˙kyoku chi˙do˙ya° tsuikyuu°
chirakaru° chìryaku chì˙za chi˙nyuu° tsuiku°
chirashi° chìryo chi˙saäe° chi˙nyuusha tsuiäeki°
chirashiäaki° chiryoo° chì˙shi chì˙ba tsuiäekÏse˙°
chirashìzushi chìryoku chì˙ji chi˙pà˙jii tsùikotsu
chirashimòyoo chiriyokè chi˙shìäoto chì˙pi° tsuishi°
chirasu° chirirè˙äe chì˙sha chi˙pira° tsuiji°
chìrachira chiru°: chira- chi˙shaku° chi˙pi˙° tsuish˜kè˙
chiratsÎkaseru° nai°, chiròo, chi˙shàkıke˙ chì˙bu tsuishu°
chiratsÎki° chirimàsu, chi˙shu° chì˙pu tsuijuu°
chiratstÎku° chÏtte°, chirè- chi˙ju° chi˙bu˙° tsuishòo°
chìràto ba, chirè chi˙juu° chi˙pù˙ka˙ tsuishi˙°
chierabaru° chìrudo chi˙jùfu chi˙pu˙ka˙pù˙° tsuizui°
chìrahora chireki° chi˙joo° chi˙be˙° tsuisÎto°
chiràrì chìrori chi˙zukì° chì˙po tsuiseki°
chìra˙ chiroria˙hàtto chi˙see°, -ei° chi˙poo° tsuisekÏchòosa
chiri° Chìroru chì˙zee°, -ei° chi˙botsu° tsuize˙°
Chìri chiwaäè˙ka chi˙sèezai°, -èi- chi˙màri tsuize˙kùyoo
chìri chì˙ chi˙seki° chì˙mi tsùiso
chiriàkÎta° chi˙aäe° chi˙setsu° chi˙myoo° tsùizo
chiriana° chi˙atsu° chi˙se˙° sinking chì˙mùrui tsuisoo°
chirikakàru chi˙utsu° into deep chi˙moku° tsuizoo°
chirìäaku chì˙ka° thought, con- chì˙mochi tsuitàike˙
chiriäami° chi˙kàsai templation chi˙mo˙° tsuitake°, -tt-
chiriäamikòo- chi˙äashi° chì˙se˙ to wage chì˙ryòo tsuitachì
ka˙ chi˙äari° chi˙zoo° chi˙retsu° tsuitate°
chirish˜ku chì˙ki chi˙tai° stagna- chi˙retsùshÏtsu tsuichoo°
chirijiri° chi˙kyaku° tion, inactivity chi˙retsudai° tsuichòoki˙°
chirijiribàraba- chi˙ki˙° chì˙tai° lease, chi˙retsùdana° Tsuittaa°
ra chi˙äi˙° medita- rent, charter chi˙retsıhi˙° tsùite
chirisòosu tion, elabora- chi˙dai° chi˙retsumàdo tsùide°
chirichiri° frizzy tion on one's chi˙tàishaku Tsù tsùiteru
hair poem, groan- Chì˙tao tsùaa tsùitewa
chìrichiri the ing in distress chi˙da˙° tsui° pair tsùito°
fish is sizzling chì˙äi˙ wages chi˙chÏkùrì˙ tsùi carelessly, tsuitoo°
over the fire chi˙äi˙kàkÎsa chi˙chaku° by mistake tsuitòokai
chirippa° chi˙äi˙kàtto chi˙choo° tsuiido° tsuitotsu°
chiritòrì chi˙äi˙bèesu ji˙chòoäe, chi˙- tsuie° tsuina°
chirinabe° chi˙kÎsha° chi˙chira° tsuièru° tsùini
chirinokòru chi˙kùyu° chi˙chirorì˙ tsuioku° tsuini˙°
chirihatèru chi˙äè˙sai chì˙chi˙ tsuika° tsuinoo°
266 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tsuibàmu tsùuji interpre- tsùuba tsÎkaikòmu tsÎkamì


tsuihi° ter, translator tsùuha˙° tsÎkaisuäi° tsÎkamiai°
tsuifÎku° tsuujiäùsuri tsuupìisu tsÎkaisuäìru tsÎkamiàu°
tsùibo tsuujite° tsuufuu° ventila- tsÎkaisÎte° tsÎkamiàrai
tsuihoo° tsuushaku° tion tsÎkàìchi˙ tsÎkamidàsu°
tsuihòoree, -ei tsuushoo° tsuufùu° gout tsÎkaite° tsÎkamidòkoro°
tsuiyàsu° tsuujoo° tsuufùuki tsÎkaiide° tsÎkamidori°
tsuiraku° tsuujookòkkai tsuufu˙° tsÎkainarèru tsÎkamitòru°
tsuì˙ tsuushoojòoyaku tsuubu˙° tsÎkaippàshiri° tsÎkàmu: tsÎka-
tsùu tsuujiru° tsuuhee°, -ei° tsÎkaihatàsu mànai, tsÎka-
tsuui˙° tsuushi˙° tsùube˙ tsÎkaifurushi° mòo, tsÎkami-
tsùuu˙° tsuuji˙° tsuuhoo° tÎkaifurùsu màsu, tsÎkà˙-
tsuue˙° tsuushì˙i˙ tsuuboo° tsÎkaimawashi° de, tsÎkàmeba,
tsuuka° passage, tsuushi˙èesee, tsùuyaku tsÎkaimichi° tsÎkàme
transit -èisei tsuuyuu° tsÎkaimono° tsÎkaru°
tsùuka money tsuushi˙k˜kà˙ tsuuyuusee°, -ei° tsÎkàiryoo° Tsùäaru
tsuukàa° tsuushi˙kyòoiku tsuuyoo° pain “ tsÎkaiwake° Tsuäarukàikyoo
tsuukai° tsuushì˙sha itching tsÎkaiwakèru Tsuäaruhà˙too
tsuukàeki tsuushi˙see°, -ei° tsùuyoo° to be in tsÎkau°: tsÎkawa- tsÎkarè
tsuukagìree, -ei tsuushi˙too° use, to hold nai°, tsÎkaòo, tsÎkarekìru°
tsuuäaku° tsuushi˙hà˙bai good tsÎkaimàsu, tsÎkarehatèru°
tsuuäàkÎsee, -ei tsuushì˙bo tsuuyòoäuchi tsÎkatte°, tsÎ- tsÎkarème
tsuuäakùro tsuushì˙moo tsuuyòomo˙ kaèba, tsÎkaè tsÎkarèru
tsùukaboochoo tsuuzuru° tsuura˙° tsuäau° tsÎkawashime°
tsuuäàru tsuusee°, -ei° tsùuriki° tsÎkàè tsÎkawasu°
tsuuka˙° tsuuseki° tsùurìsÎto tsÎkaeru° usable, tsÎki° stab,
tsùuki° tsuusetsu° tsuuri˙äu° valid thrust
tsuukÏkoo° tsuusoku° tsuurubàa tsÎkàèru to tsÎkì° to be
tsuukÏsee°, -ei° tsuuzoku° tsuuree°, -ei° work for, to used up
tsuuäyoo° tsuuzokıka° tsuuretsu° serve tsÎkì moon,
tsuuki˙° tsuuzokÎshòose- tsùuro tsuäàèru month
tsuuki˙jìka˙ tsu tsuuro˙° tsÎkasa° tsuäi° to put a
tsùuku tsuuzokÎteki° tsuuwa° tsÎkasadòru patch on a
tsuukee°, -ei° tsùuda tsuuwàki tsÎkàsu sleeve
tsuuäeki° tsuutatsu° tsuuwàryoo tsÎkàzu hanarè- tsuäì next, to
tsuuäo° tsuuta˙° tsùe zu adjoin
tsuukoo° tsuuchi° tsùehashira tsıkatsÎka tsÎkiài°
tsuukòozee, -ei tsuuchijoo° tsÎkà tsÎkànukoto tsÎkiàu
tsuukoodome° tsuuchÏhyoo° tsùäà tsÎkanèru tsÎkiàkari
tsuukooni˙° tsuuchìbo tsÎkaana° tsÎkanoma° tsÎkiaäari°
tsuukoku° tsuuchoo° tsÎkai° tsÎkamaedokoro° tsÎkiaäe°
tsuuko˙° tsuutsùu° tsuäai° tsÎkamaeru° tsÎkiaäèru
tsuusa˙° tsuudoku° tsÎkaiàruki° tsÎkamàsu tsÎkiatari°
Tsuusà˙shoo tsuuto˙kàraa tsÎkaikata° tsÎkamasèru tsÎkiatàru
tsùushi tsuune˙° all year tsÎkaikìru tsÎkamatsùru tsÎkiatèru
tsuuji° bowel tsùune˙ com- tsÎkaikonàsu tsÎkamaridachi° tsÎkiawàsu
movement mon idea tsÎkaikomi° tsÎkamaru° tsuäiawàsu
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 267

tsÎkiawase° tsÎkitsÎkèru tsÎkiyabùru tsÎkurì tsÎkekòmu


tsÎkiawasèru tsÎkitsumèru tsÎkiyama° tsÎkuriaäèru° tsÎkesaäe°
tsuäiawasèru tsuäite° tsÎkìyukÏhana° tsÎkurioki° tsÎkejìru°
tsuäiìto° tsÎkitèate tsÎkiyubi° tsÎkurikae° tsukezume°
tsÎkiuäokàsu tsÎkidèru tsÎkìyo tsÎkurikaèru° tsÎketashi°
tsÎkiòkure tsÎkitòosu tsÎkiryòkoo tsÎkurikàtà tsÎkedashi°
tsÎkiotoshi° tsÎkitòoru tsÎkìru tsÎkuriäòe tsÎketàsu
tsÎkiotòsu tsÎkitobàsu tsÎkiròkètto tsÎkuriäotò° tsÎketari°
tsÎkikàesu tsÎkitomèru tsÎkiwari° tsÎkurizàkaya tsıketsÎke
tsukikakàru tsÎkinàka° tsÎku° to attack: tsÎkuridàsu° tsÎkedòkoro°
tsÎkikàäe° tsÎkinàkàba tsÎkanai°, tsÎ- tsÎkuritatèru° tsÎketodoke°
tsÎkiäake° tsÎkinami° kòo, tsÎkimà- tsÎkuritsÎke° tsÎkena°
tsÎkiäàwari tsuäìni su, tsuitetsÎkè- tsÎkurinaoshi° tsÎkène o‡ered
tsuäiki° tsÎkinùku ba, tsÎkè tsÎkurinaòsu° price
tsÎkìkizu tsÎkinukèru tsıkù to arrive tsÎkurìbana tsukène° joint,
tsÎkiäime° tsÎkinòki tsuäu° tsÎkuribànashi crotch
tsÎkigyòoji tsÎkinokèru tsÎkue° tsÎkurimonò° tsÎkeneràu°
tsÎkikkiri°, tsÎ- tsuäìnoma tsÎkushi° tsÎkuriwàrai tsÎkèbana
kiki- tsuäinomàtsÎki TsÎkushì° tsÎkùru: tsÎku- tsÎkèbi
tsuäikire°, -kk- tsÎkinomonò TsÎkushÏhèeya, rànai, tsÎku- tsÎkehiäe°
tsÎkikuzùsu tsÎkinòwa -èiya ròo, tsÎkuri- tsÎkebito°
tsuäikÎchi° tsuäiwa tsÎkushi˙bo° màsu, tsÎkùt- tsÎkehimo°
tsÎkìäe° tsuäiha°, -ba° tsÎkùsu te, tsÎkùreba, tsÎkebumi°
tsÎkikòmu tsuäihaäi° tsÎkùzùku tsÎkùre tsÎkemaäe°
tsuäikòmu tsÎkihàjime TsÎkudajima° tsÎkuròi tsÎkemàtsuäe
tsÎkikoròsu tsÎkihatèru° tsÎkudani° tsÎkuròu tsÎkemawàsu
tsuäisao° tsÎkihàna tsÎkudaniya° tsÎkè tsÎkemè
tsÎkisasàru tsÎkihanàsu tsÎkutsÎkubòo- tsuäe° tsÎkeme˙°
tsÎkisàsu tsÎkibàrai shi tsÎkeaäàru tsÎkemono°
TsÎkiji° tsÎkìba˙° tsuäunài° tsÎkeawase° tsÎkemonoya°
TsÎkishima° tsÎkìhi tsuäunàu tsÎkeawasèru° tsÎkeyaki°
tsÎkishiro° tsÎkibito° tsÎkune° tsÎkeìru tsÎkeyàkiba
tsÎkizùe° tsÎkibetsu° tsÎkuneimo° tsÎkeuma° tsÎkeru° to soak,
tsÎkìzuki° tsÎkiberi° tsÎkuneyaki° tsÎkeue°, -ke˙me° to dip: tsÎke-
tsÎkisÎsùmu tsuäiho° tsÎkunèru° tsÎkeochi° nai°, tsÎkeyòo,
tsÎkisoi° tsÎkimàiri tsÎkunè˙° tsÎkeotoshi° tsÎkemàsu, tsÎ-
tsÎkisoini˙° tsÎkimàshÏtewa TsÎkùba tsÎkeòbi kete°, tsÎkerè-
tsÎkisòìfu tsÎkimazèru° tsÎkubai°, tsÎ- tsÎkekaèru ba, tsÎkerò
tsÎkisòu° tsukimatòu° kubài tsÎkèäi tsÎkèru to put
tsÎkitaòsu tsÎkimì tsÎkubàu tsÎkèku on, to turn
tsÎkidashi° tsÎkimisoo° TsÎkubaekÎsu- tsÎkeäùsuri on: tsÎkènai,
tsuäitashi° tsÎkimisòba pùresu tsuäeäuchi° tsÎkemàsu, tsÎ-
tsÎkidàsu tsÎkimidà˙äo TsÎkubàsa˙ tsÎkekuwaèru° kète, tsÎkère-
tsuäitàsu tsuäime° tsÎkubàshuu tsÎkèäe° ba, tsÎkèro
tsÎkitatèru tsÎkimòode tsÎkubane° tsÎkeäeeki, -ei- tsuäeru°: tsuäe-
tsÎkitàrazu tsÎkimono tsuäumi° tsÎkegè˙ki nai°, tsuäeyòo,
tsuäìtsuäi tsuäimono° tsuäùmu tsÎkekomi° tsuäemasu°,
268 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tsuäete°, tsuäe- tsuzumèru tsÎtsuìzuku tsÎtsumikòmu tsunatorì°


rèba, tsuäerò tsuzura° tsÎtsuuràura tsÎtsumimonò° tsunàhÏkì
tsuäoo° circum- tsuzuraori° tsÎtsuoto° tsÎtsùmu: tsÎtsu- tsunami°
stances, reason tsuzurì° tsÎkkai° mànai, tsÎtsu- tsunamikèehoo,
tsùäoo all told, tsuzuriawàsu° tsÎkkaiboo° mòo, tsÎtsumi- -èi-
altogether tsuzurikàtà tsÎkkàesu màsu, tsÎtsù˙- tsunawàtari
tsuäomori° tsuzurìji° tsÎkkàèru de, tsÎtsùmeba, tsùne
Tsùshi tsuzùru° tsÎkkakàru tsÎtsùme tsunèzune
Tsuji° tsuzure° tsÎkkake° tsÎtsumòtase tsùneni
tsujiura° tsuzureori° tsÎkkakèru tsÎtè tsùnehiäoro
tsujiuràuri tsuzurenìshÏki taÎtsuäanài tsıto° quickly, tsunèru
tsujio˙äàkÎshi tsÎta° tsÎtsuäàmushi calmly tsunò
tsujìäimi° Tsuda° tsÎtsuäiri° tsÎtò straw- tsunoäaki°
tsujiäiri° tsÎtaiàruki° tsÎkkìru -rapped hem tsunokàkÎshi
tsujigòotoo tsÎtau° tsÎtsùku tsùdo tsunozàiku
tsujisèppoo, -zèp- tsÎtae° tsÎtsuäuchi° tsudòi° tsunozùkìai
poo tsÎtaek˜ku° tsÎkkè˙do˙ tsudòu tsunodàtsu
tsujìtsuji tsÎtaeru° tsÎkkomi° tsÎtòni tsunòdaru°
Tsujidoo° tsÎtakàzura tsÎkkòmu tsÎtomàru tsunobùe°
tsujìfuda° Tsudajukudàiäa tsÎkkorobàsu tsÎtòmu tsunomata°
Tsıshima ku tsÎtsusaki° tsÎtome tsunomedàtsu
TsÎshimakàikyoo tsÎtanài tsÎssàsu tsutomeaäèru° tsunòru
TsÎshimakàiryuu tsÎtawaru° tsÎtsuji° tsÎtomèäuchi° tsùba
tsujimachi° TsÎta˙kàame˙ tsÎtsushimì° tsÎtomesaki° tsùbaki camellia
tsùzu tsÎchì tsÎtsushimibukài tsÎtòmete tsubakì saliva,
tsuzuki° tsÎchiìjiri tsÎtsushìmu tsÎtomeni˙° sputum
tsuzukiaia° tsÎchiìsshoo ka- tsÎtsushì˙de tsÎtomemuki° tsubakiàbura
tsuzukiäara° neìsshoo tsÎtsusodè° tsÎtomèru: tsÎto- tsubak˜hime
tsuzukimono° tsÎchiiro° tsÎttàtsu mènai, tsÎto- tsubakura°, -ro°
tsuzuku°: tsuzu- tsÎchioto° tsÎttatèru meyòo, tsÎto- tsubame°
kanai°, tsuzu- tsÎchikàu tsÎttùku memàsu, tsÎtò- tsubamotò°
kòo, tsuzuki- tsÎchiäàeru tsÎtsuppo° mete, tsÎtomè- tsùbu
màsu, tsuzui- tsÎchikÎsài tsÎtsunuke° reba, tsÎtomèro tsùbusani
te°, tsuzukèba, tsÎchiäumo° tsÎppashìru tsùna tsuna tsubushi°
tsuzukè tsÎchikurè° tsÎppanàsu tsunà rope tsubushiai°
tsuzukeäaki° tsÎchikeiro° tsÎppanèru tsunaäari° tsubushia˙°
tsuzukezama° tsÎchikèmuri tsÎppari° tsunaäaru° tsubusu°
tsuzukeji° tsÎchitsıkàzu tsÎppàru tsunaäi° tsubuzòroi
tsuzukeru°: tsu- tsÎchinì˙äyoo tsÎppùsu tsunaäiawasèru tsubutsubu°
zukenai°, tsu- tsÎchinòe tsÎtsumashìi tsunaäitomèru tsùbute°
zukeyòo, tsuzu- tsÎchinòto tsÎtsumashìyaka tsunaäime° tsubuyakì°
kemàsu, tsuzu- tsÎchifùmazu TsÎtsùmi tsunaäu°: tsunaäa- tsubuyàku
kete°, tsuzuke- tsÎchihe˙° tsÎtsumì nai°, tsunaäòo, tsubuyori°
rèba, tsuzukerò tsÎchibòkori tsÎtsumikakısu tsunaäimàsu, tsubura°
tsuzumàyaka tsÎchiyose° tsÎtsumìäane tsunaide°, tsu- tsuburu°
tsuzumàru tsÎchiroo° tsÎtsumìäami naäèba, tsunaäè tsubureru°
tsuzumì tsÎtsù tsÎtsumìki˙° tsunaäeru° tsùbekobe
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 269

tsuberukùri˙° tsumamidàsu su, tsu˙de°, tsu- reba, tsumèro tsuyobi°


tsuberukuri˙- tsumamina° mèba, tsumè tsumèru, -nèru tsuyofıkùmi
hà˙noo tsumamimono° tsùmu close, tsumori° tsuyomàru
tsubo° tsumamu° fine, checkmate tsumorichòki˙ tsuyomì
tsuboàtari tsumayòoji tsumuäi° tsmòru: tsumo- tsuyomè°
TsubòuchÏ Shòo- tsumarànai tsumuäiìto ranai°, tsumo- tsuyomèru
koo tsumarì filling tsumuäiori° ròo, tsumori- tsurà
Tsuboäane° tsùmari after all tsumùäu màsu, tsumot- tsuraàkari
Tsubòsaka° tsumàrutokoro tsumuji° te°, tsumorèba, tsuraatè°
tsubòsùu tsùmi sin, crime tsumujìkaze tsumorè tsurai°: tsuràkat-
tsubiniwa° tsumì checkmate tsumujimàäari tsuya° luster, gloss ta, tsuraku°, tsu-
tsubone° tsumiaäèru tsumurì tsùya vigil ràkÎte, tsuràke-
tsubomaru° tsumire°, tsumii- tsumuru° tsuyakèshi° reba, tsuràshÏ
tsubomì re° tsume° nail, fin- tsuyaäoto° tsuraäàmae
tsubomu° to tsumiokuri° gernail tsuyadashi° tsurasa°
shut, to close tsumioroshi° tsumè end tsuyadane° tsuradàmashii
tsubòmu to tsumikae° tsumeato° tsuyappòi° tsuràtsÎki°
bud, to be tsumikàèru tsumeawase° tsùyatsùya tsùratsura
budding tsumikasanàru tsumei˙° tsuyabuki° tsuranarì°
tsubomeru° tsumikasane° tsumeeri° tsuyabùki˙ tsuranàru
tsuboyaki° tsumikasanèru tsumekae° tsuyamèku tsuranikùi
tsùma wife tsumiki° tsumekàeru° tsuyamono° tsuranùku
tsumà garnish tsumìki˙ tsumekakèru° tsuyàyaka tsuranè
tsumaoto° tsumikÎsa° tsumekkiri°, -k- tsuyu° rainy sea- tsuranèru
tsumaäake° tsumikomi° tsumekìrì son tsuranokawà
tsumakawa° tsumikòmu tsumekìru tsùyu dew, dew- tsurayòäoshi°
tsumaäùru tsumidashi° tsumèäo drop tsurara°
tsùmako tsumidàsu tsumekomi° tsuyuakè° tsurareru°
tsumasaki° tsumitate° tsumekomishùäi tsuyuiri° tsuri°
tsumasakiàäari tsumitatèki˙° tsumekòmu tsuyùkÎsa tsuriai°
tsumasakidachi° tsumitatèru tsumèsho° tsuyuzamu°, -sa- tsuriàu
tsumasarèru tsumitsıkùri tsumeshòoäi tsuyuzòra tsuriaäàru
tsumashìi tsùmitoäa tsumetai°: tsume- tsuyudoki° tsuriaäèru
tsumazuki° tsumitòru tàkatta, tsume- tsuyuhàrai tsuriito°
tsumazuku° tsuminaoshi° taku°, tsumetà- tsuyubare° tsuriotòsu
tsumadàtsu tsuminaòsu kÎte, tsumetà- tsùyuhodo tsuriäaki°
tsumadatèru tsumini° kereba, tsume- tsuyùmono tsurikaäo°
tsumàdo tsuminokoshi° tàshÏ tsuyòi: tsùyokat- tsuriäane°
tsumadòru tsuminokòsu tsumebara° ta, tsùyoku, tsu- tsuriäanesoo°
tsumahàjiki tsumìbito° tsumebiki° yòkÎte, tsùyoke- tsurikawa°
tsumabiki° tsumibukài tsumemìäaki reba, tsùyoshi tsuriäìtsune
tsumabìraka tsumihòroboshi tsumèmono tsuyoäàri° tsurìäu
tsumamareru° tsumire° tsumeyòru tsuyoäàru tsurikòokoku
tsumami° tsumu° togather, tsumèru: tsumè- tsuyokì° tsurikòmu
tsumamiàrai to load: tsu- nai, tsumeyòo, tsuyoäi˙° tsurizao°
tsumamiäui° manai°, tsu- tsumemàsu, tsuyoäoshi° tsurisaäèru
tsumamikòmu mòo, tsumimà- tsùmete, tsumè- tsùyosa tsurìshi
270 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tsurishìnobu tsurusu° tè diizeruè˙ji˙ teekÏshòokyuu,


tsurìse˙° tsurutsuru° soft -te°, -te and (v.): diizerùkàa tei-
tsuridai° “ smooth, naite°, katte°, diizerùsha teekÏse˙°, tei-
tsuridàsu slippery kàite, tòtte tiitàimu teekÏtòrìhÏki°, tei-
tsuridana° tsùrutsuru to -te and (adj.): diidiitìi teekibi˙°°, tei-
tsurite° slurp akàkÎte, shìro- tiipàatii teekyuu°°, tei-
tsuritè˙äu tsurùhashi, -ùp- kute tiibàggu teekyùubi°, tei-
tsuritè˙joo pashi dè diipiiìi teekyoo°°, tei-
tsuridòoäu tsurùbara -de°, -de: to˙de°, %ibiièsu teeäyoo°°, tei-
tsuridòoroo tsurube° yò˙de, toride°, %ipiiòo Teekyoodàiäaku°,
tsuridoko° tsurubeuchi° hanàde, àmede diibùi Tei-
tsuritòdana tsurubeòtoshi teai° diibuidìi teekiyòki˙°, tei-
tsuridono° tsurubènawa° deai° dìiraa teeki˙°°, tei-
tsuriba° Tsùrumi deaiäàshira diiri˙äurùumu teekì˙ri°, tei-
tsuribashi° tsurùmu deàu tiirùumu teekuu°°, tei-
tsuribana° tsurumuràsaki teakà teei˙°, teii˙° teekuuh˜koo°, tei-
tsuribàri° tsurùya nà˙bo- teakì tii˙èejaa teikè°
tsuribito° ku, tsuruya- tèashi teee˙°, teie˙° teikee°°, tei-
tsurihimo° nà˙boku deashi° teeòo, tei- teeäeki°°, tei-: Tee-
tsuribune° tsure° teashimàtoi teeoosèkkai, tei- kokugèkijoo,Tei-
tsuribori° tsurèai° teàsobi teeo˙°, tei- teeketsu°, tei-
tsurime° tsureko°, -kk- teàtari teeo˙sàkki˙, tei- teekètsùatsu, tei-
tsuriwa° tsurekomi° teatarishìdai teeò˙pu, tei- teeke˙°, tei-
tsuru° to fish: tsurekomiyàdo teatsùi° teeo˙yàkedo, tei- teeäe˙°, tei- de-
tsuranai°, tsu- tsurekòmu tèate teeka°, tei- price crease, reduc-
ròo, tsurimàsu, tsuresàru tèàtoru tag tion
tsÎtte°, tsurèba, tsurèzure° teàburi tèeka°, tèi- fall, teeäè˙°, tei- sug-
tsurè tsurezurèäusa teami° drop, deterio- gestion
tsùru crane tsuresòu teara° ration teekoo°, tei-
tsurù bowstring, tsuredàsu tearài° rough teekai°, tei- teekooäàisha, tei-
vine, tendril, tsurenài teàrai toilet, teekaishùmi, tei- teekòoki, tei-
bows, earpiece tsurebiki° rest room teekàihatsu, tei- teekòoryoku, tei-
tsuruoto° tsuremodòsu tearaijò° teeäaku°, tei- teekoku°, tei-
Tsùruäa tsureru° tearàibachi teiäakÎshòbu˙˚ teekokÎshùäi, tei-
Tsuruäaokaha- tsuwàbuki dearùku tei- teekokudàiäaku,
chimà˙äùu tsuwamono° teàwase teiäakùne˙˚ tei- tei-
tsùrukame tsuwari° tèe, tèi teekahyoo°, tei- TeekokÎhòteru,
tsùruäì Tsu˙äùusu teeatsu°, tei- teeka˙°, tei- Tei-
tsurùkÎsa° tsù˙ke˙ tiara tèeki, tèi- tèeza°, tèi-
Tsùruko tsu˙zàku teea˙°, tei- tèeäì, tèi- teesai°, tei-
Tsuruzawa° tsu˙tsurute˙° tèei, tèii teekìatsu, tei- teesaibùru, tei-
tsurushi° tsù˙tsu˙ tìi teekìire, tei- teesatsu°, tei-
tsurushiaäe° tsu˙doku° diienuèe teek˜ke˙, tei- teesàtsıki, tei-
tsurushiaäèru tsu˙dora° diièmu° teekÏkè˙shi˙, tei- teeshi°, tei- to
tsurushìäaki tsu˙nomèru tiishatsu° teekÏkookùuro, stop
tsurushiäiri° tsù˙bo tiisÎpùu˙, -Îpù˙ tei- tèeshi°, tèi- ces-
tsurushi˙boo° tsu˙bosàjiki dìizeru, jìi- teekish˜kè˙, tei- sation
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 271

tèeji°, tèi- pre- Dizuniirà˙do teetòoke˙, tei- teeryòo°, tei- tèeraa


sentation dìsÎpurèe teetoonàäare, tei- teeryoobù˙seki, tèeràado
tèeji, tèi- fixed teesùru, tei- Tèetoku, Tèi- tei- tèeru
time teesee°, teisei° teedomò˙dai, tei- teirè, tei- teerurà˙pu
teejìka˙, tei- teesèechoo, teisèi- teeto˙°, tei- teeree°, teirei° teòi°
teeshÏki°, tei- teesetsu°, tei- Dìnaa teereekàkuäi, tei- teoijì˙
teejikei°, teijikei° teese˙°, tei- tèenai, tèi- rei- teòkure
teejìäe˙, tei- teeze˙°, tei- tèenee, tèinei dirèkÎtaa° deokurèru°
teesh˜see, teish˜sei tèeso, tèi- deenee°, deinei° teeretsu°, tei- teoke°
teejisee°, teijisei° teesoo°, tei- teene˙°, tei- dirètta˙to teoshiäùruma
teejiseekòokoo, teesoku°, tei- teene˙see°, tei- teere˙°, tei- teochì°
teijisei- teezoku°, tei- teenoo°, tei- jirè˙ma, di- deòkkùu
teejitsu°, tei- teesòkısuu, tei- teenòoji, tei- teero˙°, tei- teòdori
teesha°, tei- teetai°, tei- re- teehaku°, tei- dì˙kÎsu teòno°
teeshajoo°, tei- tention, stag- teehatsu°, tei- tì˙pani, -nii teomòi°
teeshaba°, tei- nation teeba˙°, tei- teuè teorì°
tèeshu, tèi- teetài, tei- seri- teehà˙patsu, tei- teusu° teorimòme˙
teeshuu°, tei- ous, severe tìpÏkaru dèusu teäai°
teejuu°, tei- teetaku°, tei- teehyoo°, tei- teuchì dekài, dekkài
teeshùunyuu, tei- teetàraku, tei- dife˙su° teuchìshÏki deäàichoo
teeshùuha, tei- teeda˙°, tei- teebùkka, tei- teuchÏsòba tekàäami
teeshÎkà˙paku, deeda˙°, dei- dibeeto° teekuàuto teäàkari
tei- teechi°, tei- tèehe˙, tèi- deikèa, dee- dekakàru
teeshÎku°, tei- teechìami°, tei- teeboo°, tei- deegèemu, deigèe- tekakì
teeshÎtsu°, tei- teechigyòäyoo, tei- teeboku°, tei- deisàabisu, dee- tèkaäi°
tèejo, tèi- teechoo°, tei- teeho˙°, tei- deeta° teäaki°
teeshoo°, tei- courteous, po- teemai°, tei- deetatsùushi˙ tekakè
teejoo°, tei- lite, low-toned, teemee°, tei- deetabà˙ku deäake°
teeshòoäai, tei- inactive tèemè˙, tèi- deetabèesu teäakèru
teeshoku°, tei- tèechoo, tei- cox- teemè˙seki, tei- dèeto dekakeru°
teejìro, tei- swain, com- teeyaku°, tei- deepàkku, dei- tekàäe˙
teeshi˙°, tei- mander teeyoo°, tei- teepi˙äu° tèkaäo
teeshì˙shoo, tei- teechì˙äi˙, tei- teeyoku°, tei- tèepu tèkàzu
teeshi˙tai°, tei- tìsshu: tisshÎpèe- teeyòku, tei- teepÎkàtto dekàsu
deesui°, dei- paa teetaku°, tei- teeburu° tèkase
disuì˙fure teìppai teìrazu teeburùkake dekaseäi°
teesuu°, tei- teetee°, teitei°- tèeri, tei- teeburukùrosu, dekaseäiroodòo-
disÎkàu˙to dìtèeru deiri° haunt -kuròosu sha
disÎkau˙toshòp- teetetsu°, tei- dèiri income “ teeburusÎpìichi teäata°
pu tèete˙, tèi- expenditure teeeburusè˙taa dekata° theater
disÎkàssho˙ teede˙°, tei- deirìäuchi° teeburumànaa attendant
dìsÎku teete˙kà˙soku, teeritsu°, tei- teepurekòodaa dekàtà one's at-
disÎkujòkkii tei- teeritsùzee, tei- tèema titude
disÎkuròojaa tèeto, tèi- teeryuu°, tei- teemaò˙äaku teäatài°
dìsÎko tèedo, tèi- deeryuu°, dei- teemasò˙äu teäatakàshÏtsÎke
tèesuto, tèi- dèedo, dèi- teeryuujò°, tei- teemapàaku teäatakòoka˙
Dìzunii teetoo°, tei- teeryuujoo, tei- teemamyùujikku teäàtari°
272 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

teäatawàribiki tekiäu˙° tekÏchuu° tèkuda tesàäyoo


dekàda˙° tekiäoo° tèkido tèäuchi tesàäuri
dekàdà˙su tekÏkoku° tekÏtoo° dèäuchi tesaäè
tekateka° dekiäòkoro tekini˙° tèkÎteku tesaäekàba˙
bright(ly) dekìäoto tekinì˙sha tekunìsha˙ tesaäekì˙ko
tèkateka shiny tekizai° tekÏhai° tèkunìkku tesaäebùkuro
dekadèka TèkÏsasu dekibàe° dekunòboo tesàbaki
teäami° tèkÏshi° tèkÏpaki tekunopòrisu tezàwari
teäarà tèkiji tekÏhatsu° tekunòrojii deshì
teäaràäao° dekÏshi° tèkÏhi tekùbari deshiirì°
teäarashi° dekish˜sha, tekibishìi° tèkubi tèshio°
teäarabànashi dekÏshìsha tekÏhyoo° tekuràäari teshiòzara
tekàru dekishÏtai° dekibutsu° tèäurì tejika°
teäaru° dekÏshìdai tèkifıteki tekùru dejikame°: deji-
teäarùi° tèkÏshu tekÏhee°, -ei° teäùruma tarukàmera
Dekàruto tekÏshuu° tekÏhoo° dekuwàsu teshìäoto
teäàwari tekishÎtsu° tekÏho˙shùäi deäèeko, -èi- teshÏtà
deka˙shobushi° tèkÏsho tekimàaku tèko dèjitaru
dekà˙ta° tekÏshoo° tekimikata° dèko dejitaruka°
teki° enemy tekijoo° tekime˙° tekoirè° dejitaruhòosoo
tèki: bifÎteki° tekÏshoku° dekìmòno deäòoshi tèjina
-teki°: ippnate- tekÏshi˙° tekìya° teäòkoro tejinàshi
ki°, shi˙shÏteki° tekiji˙° tekiyaku° dekòsÎke tejinatsıkài
deki° result tekìsu, tek˜su tekiyoo° tekozùru tejìmai
dèki workman- tèkizu tekiryoo° teäòtae tejimè
ship dekÏsuäi° dekiru° to be tèäoto tejaku°
dekiai° tìkÏsÎto, tè- out of tekohe˙° deshabàri°
dekiaäari° tekÏsutokèeshÏki, dekìru to be dekobòo deshabariya°
dekiaäàru° -èi- ready, to grow dekoboko° deshabàru
dekìàki tekÏsùru tekirui° teäoma° tèju˙°
tèkìi tekÏsee°, -ei° dekirudake° tekomai° tejoo°
tekiee°, -ei° tekizee°, -ei° teäire° teäomè -teshòo, -deshoo:
tekioo° tekÏseekè˙sa, -ei- tekiree°, -ei° dèkora nakùdeshòo, a-
tekioosee°, -ei° tekÏsetsu° teäìree, -ei dekorèesho˙ kàideshòo
tekio˙° tekÏse˙° tekirèeki, -èi- dekoreesho˙kèeki -deshòo, -deshoo:
tekiäàishi˙ tekize˙° teäirèki˙° teäoro° torideshòo, ha-
dekÏkakàru° tekize˙jòoriku teäiwa° teäowài nàdeshoo, àme-
tekÏkaku°, tekka- dekÏsokonai° deäiwa° dezàato deshoo
ku° dekÏsokonàu° teäiwayòku tezàiko teshoku°, -jo-
tekÏkàkısha tekÏtai° teki˙° dezainaa° handicraft
tekiäata° tekÏtaikòoi tèku dezài˙ teshokù° (porta-
tekiäawa° dekìdaka dèku desakari° ble) candlestick
tekÏka˙° dekidakabàrai tèkÎshii desakàru tejiro°
tekÏkì dekÏtate° teäusu° tesakì dèshi˙
tèkiäi° tèkÏchi, tekÏchi° teäùsunehÏku desakì teshì˙äoo
tekiäyoo° hostile area tekÎsè desakÏkìka˙, -ki- -dèsu, -desu: to-
dekigùai, -ä- tèkÏchi right spot dekÎse°, -äu- kÏkà˙ ridèsu, hanàde-
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 273

su, àmedesu dedashi° tetsÎkùju° deddoè˙do tètsuro


dezuìrazu tedàsÎke detsukısu° tettoo° tetsuwa˙°
dezuiri° tèdate dekuwasu°, tetsudoo° tete°
tesùu detate° dekku- tetsudòoi˙ teteoya°
tesùuryoo detatokoshòobu tetsÎkè tetsudoojìsatsu teteäo°
dezùkai detarame° tetsÎkèki˙° tetsudòoshoo tetenashìäo
tezùkami tedarè tekketsu° tettootètsubi tedòoäu
tèzukara techìäai tekke˙° tetsudoobàsha dedòkò
dèsÎkara techoo° tekke˙sèesai, -èi- tetsudòobi˙° dedòkoro°
tesÎkì° tetsu° iron, steel tekkoo° iron “ tetsudòomoo tetorapòtto, -òddo
desuäi° tètsu wheel steel deddohìito tetorì
dezukì° track, rut tekkòo covering deddobòoru tedorì°
desuäimono° tetsuàree, -ei for hand “ wrist deddorài˙ tètoro˙
desuäìru tetsuita° tetsuäòoshi tettoribayài tènaa
dèsÎku tetsùide tekkoojò° deddoròkku tenàishoku
desÎkutòppu tetsuiro° tekÏkoku°, tekko- tetsunabe° tenàoshi
tezùkuri tetsuonà˙do tekkotsu° dèppan dèpa denaoshi°
desÎkuwàaku tekka° tèssa° teppai° denaòsu
tesısàbi tekkai° Tèssai tetsÎpàipu tenaäazàru
tèsÎtaa dekkài tetsùzai° teppatsu° tenàäusami
dezuppari° tekkaku° tessaku° deppari° tenaäèda˙
tèsuto tetsùäaku° tessa˙° deppàru tenazukèru
tesÎtokèesu tetsuäàkısha dèssa˙ teppa˙° tenabe°
tesÎtopatàa˙, tetsuäakÎteki° tesshuu° teppa˙yaki° tènami
-tà˙ tetsıkàzu tesshoo° tèppi° tenàrai
tèzuma tekkado˙° tetsujòomoo teppÏtsu° tenare°
desumàsÎku tekkadò˙buri tetsuji˙° tetsubi˙° tenarèru
tezùmari tetsÎkàbuto tetsùzuki deppùri tènawa
tezumè° tekkamaki° tessùru° tetsùbu˙ tena˙to°
tesurì tekkàmiso tessee°, -ei° teppu˙° tenioha°
tezurì° tekka˙° tesseki° teppee°, -ei° tènisu
tèzuru tekki° ironware tesse˙° teppeki° tenisÎkòoto
tezurè° tèkki optimal tessoo° teppe˙° piece of tèniteni
tesee°, -ei° timing tessoku° iron, iron scrap teniha°
tezee°, -ei° tètsÎki tettai° teppè˙ top, dènimu
desèeru dekki° tetsudài summit tenìmotsu
tezema° tekkijìdai tetsudàu tetsuboo° tenui°
dese˙° dekkÏchèa decchi° teppoo° tenùkari
tesòo tekkyaku° decchiaäe° teppòokaji tenukì
tesòomì tekkyuu° decchiaäèru teppòokizu tenuäui°
tezomè° tèkkyo decchibòokoo teppoodama° tenuäùikake
dezome° tekkyoo° tecchuu° teppòoyuri te˙nuäuiji°
dezomèshÏki tekkìri tecchiri° tetsumuji° tenurùi°
tezòroi tekki˙° dècchiri tetsumè˙bi tènòuchi
desoròu° tekki˙ko˙kurìi- tettsui° tetsumo˙° tènòura
tedai° to tettee°, -ei° tetsuya° tenòoru
tèdashi tèkkÎsu tetteeteki°, -ei- tètsuri tènokoo
274 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tènòsuji tebikÏshò° temazo˙° demo deràkkusu


tènòhira debisÎkàppu temàdai° demòkuràshii tèratera
denomi°: deno- tehidòi temàchi˙° demokòoshi˙ teramàiri
minèesho˙ dèbyuu tematsùbushi demotai° teràmachi
tènomono tebyòoshi demàdo° temochi° terì
tèba tebiro° tematòrì temoch˜hi˙° derìito
dehà tebiròi° temadòru temochibùtasa terikaeshi°
dèba dèbu tèmane temotò terikàesu°
depàato tefùuki˙ temàneki temotoki˙° terikaäayàku°
tèhài defòrume temanèku demodori° derìkashii
tehàishi tefÎkì temàhima demono° derikèeto
dehairi° income tebùkuro tèmame temorì dèrishasu
“ expenditure debùshòo tèmari demòru teritsÎkèru°
dèhairi to go in tebùsoku temarìuta demo˙sÎtorèe- teritsuzùku°
“ out tefuda° demaru° sho˙, demosÎ- derìbarii
tebàkari tefudaäata° temàwashi teyakì terìfuri
tèbako debune°, -fu- temàwari teyàsume tèria, -iya
tebasaki° tebura° demawari° tèyari teriyaki°
tehàjime tèburi temawarìhi˙° dyùetto teryùuda˙, shu-
dehajime° tebure° demawàru tèyubi teryòoji
debàsho° defure°: defurèe- temijika° -tèyo, -teyo: nai- teryòori
tèhazu sho˙ tèmizu tèyo, kattèyo, deri˙jaagè˙shoo
dehazure° tèfuro˙ demizu° tòtteyo tèru: terànai, te-
tèbata° tebù˙ko demise° -dèyo, -deyo: to˙- rimàsu, tètte,
tebàtaki dèbeso temìyaäe dèyo, yò˙deyo tèreba, tère
tebatashì˙äoo deberòppaa temùkai deyòo -teru°;-teru: nai-
tehàcchoo tehe˙° temukàu deyòojòo teru°, katteru°,
tèbana tebè˙too demukae° terà kàiteru
dehàna° tebòoki demukaèru° -dera°: Kiyomizu- dèru: dènai, de-
debana° dehòodai demùku° dera° yòo, demàsu, dè-
debana°, -ha- depòjitto Temuzùäawa, terài° te, dèreba, dèro
tebànashi tehòdoki Tee- teràu° -deru°, -deru: to˙-
tebanàsu teborì° dème teraòtoko deru°, yò˙deru
tebànare tehò˙ temee° terako° Teruo°
tebàniku temà demeki˙° terakòtta Tèruko
debabòochoo dèma demèritto terakoya° dèruta
tebaya° temae° tèmo terazàmurai teruterubòozu
tebayài demae° -tèmo, -temo e- terashiawasèru dèrutokoro
tebayashi° temaeäàtte ven if (v.): nai- terashidàsu° derutòmake
deharàu temaedòmo tèmo, kattèmo tèrasu terrace terekàkÎshi
tebari° temaemìso -temo even if teràsu shine: te- terekÎsài
debari° demaèmochi (adj.): akàkÎ- rasànai, tera- tèreko
debàru demakase° temo, shìrokÎ- sòo, terashimà- terèshòo
debà˙° temaki° temo su, teràshÏte, terèkkÎsu
tebìkae temakìzushi dèmo teràseba, teràse dèredere
tebikàèru temàkura -dèmo, -demo: terasÎhàusu tèrebi: terebìjo˙
tèbiki temashìäoto to˙dèmo, yò˙- teràse˙° Terebiàsahi
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 275

terebikàiäi te˙ka° ignition de˙kìisu de˙äuriäàeru de˙shikàrute


terebikàmera tè˙ka° addition de˙kìäaku te˙kee°, -ei° de˙jìki
terebìkyoku tè˙ka to transfer, de˙kÏkàtori de˙äeki° tè˙jiku
terebigèemu imputation de˙kìäama te˙ke˙° te˙jikumòme˙
terebidè˙wa tè˙äa de˙kÏkàmisori de˙äè˙° de˙shÏkeesà˙ki,
terebidòrama tè˙ka de˙kikÏkà˙sha de˙äe˙kàihatsu° -ei-
tereho˙kàado de˙ka° electrifi- de˙kÏkìäu tè˙ko de˙shÏke˙bbi-
terèya cation de˙kÏkòoäaku te˙koo° kyoo°
terèru dè˙ka His/Her de˙kiäòtatsu de˙koo° de˙shÏkòoäaku
tere˙tèkuda, tè- Royal/Imperial de˙kÏkò˙ro te˙kòosee, -ei de˙shijìsho
re˙ tèkuda Highness de˙kÏshòosetsu de˙koosèkka te˙jìshÏtsu
tèro: terorìzumu dè˙ka° electric de˙kìzu de˙koonyùusu de˙jìshÏtsu
tèròppu charge de˙kisÎtà˙do de˙kooba˙° de˙jìshaku
terorìsÎto te˙kai° de˙kisÎtòobu te˙koku° te˙jijoo°
-tèwa, -tewa: nai- te˙äai° canopy de˙kÏsòochi te˙äoku° warden- de˙shÏshòseki
tèwa, yò˙dewa tè˙äai° skyline de˙kìdai° ship tè˙jitsu°
-dèwa, -dewa: de˙kai° de˙kÏtsùzuki tè˙äoku Heaven, te˙jitsùe˙, te˙-
toridèwa, ha- de˙kàishÏtsu de˙kidòkee, -ei Paradise pijio°
nàdewa tè˙ka ichì de˙kibù˙kai de˙äo˙° de˙shÏtèchoo
tewakè tè˙kaippi˙ de˙kiya° de˙äo˙ba˙° Tè˙jite˙noo
tèwazà te˙kaku° te˙kyuu° tè˙sa° de˙shidòkee, -ei
tewàtashi te˙äaku° de˙kyuu° te˙sai° de˙jìha
tewatàsu de˙äàku° te˙kyùuäi te˙zai° de˙jìba
te˙° score, dot, de˙äakuzashi° tè˙kyo° moving, te˙saikyòoiku te˙jiburòkku
speck te˙äashì change of ad- te˙sàiji de˙shimànee
tè˙ sky, Heaven te˙kasu° dress te˙saich˜he˙ de˙shimèeru
-te˙°: hatsumee- de˙kataihee, -ei tè˙kyo source, te˙saiteki° te˙sha°
te˙° te˙kàtori authority te˙saitoo° tè˙ja°
-ten, -te˙°: kÏssàte˙° te˙kàbito te˙äyoo° te˙saku° dè˙sha palace
dè˙ te˙kàbutsu de˙äyoodàishi te˙sa˙° de˙sha° train
-de˙: hoomotsù- te˙kàfu˙° de˙kyoku° de˙sà˙ki teshaku°
den, seeryòode˙ te˙kàyaku te˙kyosaki° te˙za˙sà˙myaku de˙shàchi˙
de˙atsu° tè˙kawakeme te˙kiyòhoo te˙sà˙butsu de˙shadòori
de˙atsùkee°, -ei° te˙ka˙° conver- de˙kìryoo tè˙shi de˙shàmichi
tè˙i Providence sion, about- de˙kiryòoki˙ te˙ji° Braille, tè˙shu God,
tè˙i° transposi- face de˙kireezòoko, Chinese cha- shopkeeper
tion, dislocation te˙kà˙° epilepsy -ei- racter style tè˙shu° castle
dè˙i te˙äa˙° de˙kìro tè˙ji° display, tower
de˙ìsa te˙kà˙ki te˙ki˙° exhibition tè˙ju°
Te˙ichìboo te˙äa˙kyoo° te˙ku° tè˙ji maid of dè˙ju°
tè˙imuhoo te˙äa˙tsuu° te˙äu° honor, lady-in- te˙juu°
te˙i˙° te˙ki° posting te˙kùu° waiting de˙shuu°
te˙u˙° tè˙ki weather, te˙äusa° dè˙shi te˙shıkaku
de˙e˙° turning point te˙äùtake dè˙chi°, dè˙ji° te˙shÎkyoo°
De˙e˙chòofu dè˙ki de˙äùnetsu de˙shiòruäa˙ te˙shÎtsu°
de˙e˙tòshi de˙kiàiro˙ de˙äuriäàeshi de˙shìo˙ te˙shudoo°
de˙e˙toshÏse˙° te˙kìàme de˙äuriäàesu te˙jìkai te˙sho°
276 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tè˙jo de˙se˙° manager -byùu- te˙pi˙°


te˙joo° te˙ze˙° te˙chòosetsu te˙do˙° te˙bi˙boo°
de˙shoo° de˙se˙° te˙chiryòoyoo tè˙nai te˙bu°
te˙jooìta de˙se˙see°, -ei° te˙tsÎkè° te˙nà˙shoo° tè˙pu natural,
te˙jòoi˙ de˙se˙byo° te˙tsuyu° te˙nyuu° inborn
te˙jooura° te˙soo° te˙de° tè˙nyo tè˙pu° to attach,
te˙jòokai de˙soo° te˙tee°, -ei° te˙ni˙° change to stick, to paste
te˙joosàjiki de˙sooshàshi˙ te˙teki° of post dè˙bu
te˙jooshìrazu te˙soku° te˙tekòmai te˙nì˙ heavenly te˙pÎku°
te˙jootè˙äe de˙zoku° te˙tetsu° being te˙bùkuro°
te˙jòobito te˙so˙koori˙° de˙tetsu° de˙nètsùki dè˙puyaji˙
te˙shoku° voca- te˙tai° te˙tètsıki te˙ne˙° te˙pura°
tion te˙dai° te˙dèni° te˙ne˙gàsu te˙purasòba
tè˙shoku to te˙tàishaku te˙tè˙° te˙ne˙kinè˙bu- tè˙bu˙°
change job te˙taishàshi˙ de˙de˙° tsu de˙bu˙°
de˙shoku° te˙dàishuu de˙de˙kòosha: te˙nè˙shoku de˙pu˙°
de˙shobàto te˙taibooe˙kyoo° Nihòn de˙shi˙- te˙ne˙too° de˙pù˙shÏtsu
tè˙sho˙ te˙taku° de˙wakòosha te˙ne˙hìryoo te˙pera°
te˙jìru° de˙taku° de˙de˙dàiko te˙nè˙ri˙ te˙peraäa°
de˙shirè˙ji de˙tatsu° te˙dè˙bàrabara te˙nòo te˙pe˙°
te˙shi˙° zenith de˙tatsùshÏki te˙te˙ha˙soku° -te˙nòo, -te˙noo: tè˙po
te˙shì˙° tea cere- te˙ta˙° de˙dè˙mushi Ooji˙te˙noo°, te˙boo°
mony sweets de˙ta˙° tè˙to Jì˙mute˙noo te˙poo°
Tè˙shì˙ te˙chi° change dè˙to te˙nòoza˙ dè˙bò
te˙ji˙° heavenly of air te˙too° to switch te˙noosee°, -ei° de˙poo°
gods tè˙chi heaven “ on the light Emperor system de˙bòoi˙
tè˙ji˙° angel earth tè˙too God, te˙nòosee, -ei de˙pooäàwase
de˙shi˙° dè˙chi Heaven, sun Uranus te˙bòosha
de˙shì˙ki de˙chÏku° tè˙doo te˙noota˙jòobi te˙poose˙°
de˙shi˙bàshira te˙chìji˙ de˙too° te˙nòohai te˙boodai°
te˙shi˙ra˙ma˙° tè˙chÏshi˙mee, de˙doo° te˙nohèeka, -èi- de˙bòohada,
te˙sui° -ei te˙tòokabu tè˙ba de˙pòo-
te˙suiòke dè˙chidè˙pata de˙dòoki dè˙pa radio wave de˙pòoryoo
te˙sùu° de˙chidòkee, -ei de˙tookòoäei dè˙pa° propaga- te˙ma° poster
de˙zùui˙ tè˙chimuyoo de˙dòoshi tion tè˙ma fiend
dè˙sÎke te˙cha° te˙dòosetsu te˙bai° De˙màaku
te˙zùru° te˙chuu° de˙toose˙° dè˙pata tè˙maku
te˙see°, -ei° mal- de˙chuu° utility de˙tooteki° de˙patsu° tè˙matsu°
leability pole, electric te˙tooboshì° te˙ba˙° te˙mado°
tè˙see, -ei nature light pole te˙tòomushi tè˙pi te˙mà˙äuu
tè˙see, -ei° born dè˙chuu in the de˙tòoryoo te˙biki° te˙mee°, -ei°
te˙seeäo°, -ei- palace de˙dòoryoku te˙bikÏchòki˙ te˙metsu°
te˙seki° to trans- te˙chuuäumi° te˙toowàtashi te˙byoo° te˙mètsıki
fer te˙choo° musical tè˙toshÏte te˙pyoo° te˙me˙°
tè˙seki° books, change of key, te˙tòrì de˙pyoo° te˙mookaikai°
writings zenith te˙torìmushi te˙pyoojìdai te˙moku°
de˙setsu° tè˙choo shop de˙dorobìumu, te˙bi˙° te˙mori°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 277

te˙mo˙° kÎto°, yòmuto, sword tooee°, -ei° dookàse˙°


te˙mò˙äaku akaito°, shiròito too° ten tooe˙° tookatsu°
te˙mo˙äàkÎsha -to°, -to if (with -too°: niho˙too°, Tooè˙mee, -ei dookatsu°
te˙mo˙äakÎte- n.): torito°, ha- keekootoo°, roo- tooo° dooäane°
kÏsuuji° nàto, àmeto dootoo° toooo° tookanokÏkù
te˙mo˙dai° do dòo tooo˙° isothermal tòokara
dè˙ya -do: nakèdo, yò- -doo°: kookai- tòoo˙ Chinese tookàraji
te˙yaku° transla- medo, akàkere- doo°, niäatsu- character read- tooäàrashi
tion into braille do, shìrokeredo doo° ing tookàrazu
tè˙yaku° court dòa tòoa dooo˙° tooka˙°
physician dai° doaäè° dooo˙äo° tooäa˙° eastern
te˙yamono° doachèe˙ tooasa° tooo˙se˙° coast
te˙yawà˙ya° doàma˙ tooatsu° tooka° to pene- tooäà˙ white
te˙yuu° toami° tooatsÎse˙° trate, sacchari- gourd-melon,
tè˙yo toàru tooàruki fication wax gourd
te˙yoo° toi° question tooa˙° tòoka° equiva- dooka˙°
te˙rai° tòi gutter, wa- tooa˙yòoshi lence, to dooäa˙°
tè˙rai° ter pipe tooi° far from: throw down tòoki
de˙rai° toiawàsu° toòkatta, too- tòoka light, tòoäi
te˙raku° toiawase° ku°, toòkÎte, lamplight dooki° palpitation
te˙ra˙° toiawasèru° toòkereba, toò- tooäa°, tooäà˙ dòoki° motive,
te˙rà˙kai -toii°, -toii: kao- shÏ, tòoshÏ dooka° assimila- motif
tè˙ri toii°, atamàtoii, tòoi same class tion dòoki copper-
te˙rikyoo° jì˙butsÎtoii or grade dòoka copper ware, same
de˙rìsoo toikaeshi° dooi° agree- coin period
de˙ryuu° toikàesu° ment, consent dooäa° dooäi° homo-
Te˙ryùuäawa toikake° dòoi° isotopy tookai° nymy
de˙ryùukee°, -ei° toikakèru° dòoi padded, tooäai° frost dòoäi motion,
tè˙ryoo tòiki° sleeveless un- damage morality, morals
dè˙ryoku° toishi° dergarment tòoäai° compe- dooäì padded,
de˙ryokuäàisha toita° dooigè˙so tent, concerned sleeveless un-
de˙ryokùkee°, -ei° toitadàsu° dooiäo° Tookaidàiäaku dergarment
te˙ree°, -ei° dòitsu, Dòitsu tooìjoo Tookàidoo tòokii
de˙ree°, -ei° Doitsuäo° tòoisu° tookaidooshi˙- dooäiäo°
dè˙ro Doitsùji˙ tòoisokumyoo kà˙se˙ tookÏshò°
de˙wa° toitumèru° tooitsu° tookaidoose˙° dooäìshi˙
de˙wàki to˙ya°, toiya° dooitsu° tookaidòochuu dook˜see, -ei
de˙wàkyoku tòire dooìtsıshi hizakùriäe tookìbi
de˙wàäuchi° toirettopèepaa tooi˙° party tookaimura° tookìbo
de˙wàshÏtsu tòiro member, to at- tookakà˙see, -ei tookyuu°
de˙wase˙° tòu tend a parlia- tookaku° Tòokyuu°
de˙wachoo° toee°, toei° ment session dookaku° tooäyuu°
de˙wabà˙äoo toeeapàato, -ei- tòoi˙ this hospital dooäaku° dookyuu°
de˙wabòkkÎsu toeechÏkàtetsu, -ei- dooi˙° tookakuù˙doo tooäyuujoo°
de˙wàryoo toeebàsu, -ei- dooì˙ree, -ei dooäàkÎsha TookyuusÎtòa
tò tòehatae dòou dookakòoka dookyùusee, -ei
-to°, -to if (v.): na- tòo party, east, doourà° dookasàyoo tòoäyo
278 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

dookyo° tòoke dookooìkyoku° doosatsu° tooshÏtsu°


Tookyoo° tooäè tooäooìryoo doosatsùryoku toojitsu°
dookyoo° from -tòoäè: Usuitòo- dookòokai toozanòäare dooshÏtsu°
same prefecture äe, Kobotoke- tookookyòhi tòosama doojitsu° same
dòokyoo Taoism tòoäe tooäooshÏcchòos- toozayòki˙ day
dooäyoo° same dòoke Taoist, hoo toosa˙° bank- dòojitsu that day
profession same family dookòosha ruptcy doojitsùuyaku
dòoäyoo° fellow dooke° bu‡oon- tookoose˙° tòosa˙ dad, Fa- dòoshÏte
pilgrim ery tooäoku° impris- ther dòoshÏtèmo
Tookyòoeki tookee°, -ei° onment doosa˙° doojìni°
dooäyookùmiai tooäee°, -ei° tòoäoku this dòoza˙ toojiba°
Tookyoogeejutsu dookee°, -ei° country toosà˙doo tooshibà˙äoo
gèkijoo, -ei- tookèeäaku, -èi- tòoäoku° eastern tooshi° to die of tooshimi°, -sumi°
Tookyòokoo dookèeshoku, -èi- country cold, to see doojimè°
doogyòosha Tooäeki°: Too- dookoku° same through toosha° projec-
Tookyoojoshidài kyoogèkijoo country, wall, tooshì° invest- tion, copy
äaku dookèshi lament ment tòosha this com-
TookyoosÎkai- tooketsu° dòokoku the tòoshi fighter pany or shrine
tsurìi tòoäetsu° country tooji° spa for tooshìya
Tookyootàwaa dooketsu° the tòokotsu hot-spring cure, doosha° riding
tookyookko° same month tooko˙° sword winter solstice together
tookyòoto dòoketsu this scar, fighting tòoji debauchee, dòosha large “
tookyòobu month spirit libertine small buidings
Tookyoomono- dookemonò° tòoko˙ these dooshi° verb doojaku°
rèeru dookeyaku° days dòoshi pal, kin- tooshaba˙°
Tookyòowa˙ dookèru dooko˙° dred spirits tòoshu
tòokyoku tooke˙° sword, dookò˙shÏki -dooshi°: hatara- dooshu°
tookyòkısha dagger, dog- tòosa survey, kidooshi°, kaki- tooshuu°
dookyòni˙° fighting exploration, dooshi° Tooshùusai Shà-
tookyòri tòoke˙ this pre- investigation -dòoshi: tonari- raku
tooäirì° fecture tòosa° equal dòoshi tooshùuzu
dooäirì° dooke˙° equal di‡erence doojì child tooshÎku°
tookiryòoki˙ rights tooza° doojì° same time dooshÎku°
dooki˙° dòoke˙ this pre- dòosa° dooshìuchi° tooshÎse˙°
tooku° distant, fecture dooza° tooshÏka° toosho° letter to
submitting a Dòoäe˙ toosai° to load, tooshÏki° the editor
haiku tooäè˙kyoo° to carry toojìki tòosho above
tòoku to talk dookè˙jì˙ tòosai this year tooshiäìppu mentioned
dooäù dooko° tòozai tooshÏkyòoäe˙ matter, at first
tooäùu° tookoo° doozai° tooshiäèeko, -èi- doosho° same
dooäukatà° tooäoo° Toozaise˙° toojìkoku place
dooäudatè° Tòoäoo toozainà˙boku toojìsha dòosho the said
tookÎtsu° dookoo° copper toozakàru Doosh˜sha: Doo- address
dookÎtsu° ore, trend, eye toosaku° shÏshadàiäaku dòojo
dooäùbako° pupil toosàkıshoo tooshÏshì˙taku tooshoo°
dooäuya° dòokoo this “ toozakèru toosh˜se˙ toojoo°
dòoku˙ that toozashìnoäi doojìdai Tòojoo
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 279

doojoo° sympa- tòosÎtaa age, the pre- tòochoo this town boldly
thy, pity tòosÎto° sent family doochoo° tuning, dòodoo thun-
dòojoo dojo, toozùru° head synchronism, deringly
training hall doozùru° dootai° conduc- entrainment tootòomi
toojòoi˙ doose° tor, move- dòochoo prefec- doodoomèäuri
toojòoka toosee°, -ei° party ment, dyna- tural o‚ce dootoku°
tooshòoäuu power, control mic state doochòosha dootokÎka°
Dòojoojì tòosee, -ei pres- dòotai trunk, toochoku° dootòkùshi˙
doojòosha ent age, mod- torso, body toochìrime˙ dootokÎteki°
toojoojì˙butsu ern times Tòodaiji toochi˙° dootokùritsu
Toojoose˙° doosee°, -ei° toodàimori tootsuu° toototsu°
tooshoodàiji dòozee, -ei dootaku° tooppàshiri° tootòbu
doojooyàburi doosèeai, -èi- tootatsu° toode° toodori°
tooshoka° tooseekèezai, -èi- tòotaru tootee°, -ei° Dooto˙bori°
tòoshoku tooseefuu°, -ei- toota˙° dootee°, -ei° tòonai
dooshoku° tooseemuki°, -ei- tooda˙° Dootèeko, -èi- dòonai
dooshokùbutsu tooseeryuu°, -ei- dooda˙° tooteki° doonakà°
tooshòra˙ tooseki° dooda˙tsıtsùji dooteki° doonaäa°
toojìru° dooseki° tòochi° inversion tootetsu° tòonasu
doojìru° tòosetsu tòochi this dòodemo° dòonatsu, -attsu
Tooshiroo°, -ro° toose˙° place, torch tootè˙° eastern sky doonatsuba˙°
tooshi˙° tooze˙° dòochi° equiva- tòote˙ our tòoname˙to
tooji˙° party man doose˙° lence store, comma toonari°
tòoji˙ Chinese dooze˙° dòochi land, soil toode˙° Toode˙° toona˙°
person toosè˙sha tòochÏka° doote˙° to be toona˙àjia, -jiya
dooshi˙° toosè˙bo, -oo tooch˜ke˙ upset toona˙too°
dooji˙° universal dòozo tooch˜hoo° dootè˙° tie score, tòoni
benevolence toosoo° toochaku° same score dooniiru°
dooji˙°, dooni˙° doosoo° doochaku° con- tootè˙koo dòonika
coterie, same doosòokai tradiction tootemupòoru, dòonika kòoni-
person doosòosee, -ei doochakù° si- -te˙pòo- ka, doonika-
dooshì˙a˙ toosoku° multaneously tòoto kòonika
dooshì˙e˙ toozoku° tòocha˙ tòodo dòonimo kòoni-
tooji˙ok˜chì doozoku° toochuu° tootòi mo, doonimo-
dooji˙zàsshi doozokuäàisha dòochuu tootoo° swiftly, kòonimo
tooshi˙jìsatsu doosòji˙ doochùuki volubly toonyuu°
tooshi˙dai° toosotsu° Toochùuken tòotoo finally, doonyuu°
toojì˙maäe dooso˙° same Kumoèmo˙ after all doonyùubu
tòosu: toosànai, village doochuuzashi° dootoo° equality toonyoo°
toosòo, tooshi- dòoso˙ village doochuusùäata dòotoo° temple, toonyoobyoo°
màsu, tòoshÏte, tòota doochuusùäoro- temple build- tòoni˙
tòoseba, tòose tooda° ku ings dooni˙°, dooji˙°
toosui° Toodai°: Too- doochùusùji dòotoo party same person,
toosuikyoo° kyoodàiäaku toochoo° wire- doodoo° going coterie
toosùike˙ toodai° light- tapping, with dòoni˙ the per-
toosùu house reaching the doodòo° stately, son
doosùu tòodai present summit dignified, dooni˙zàsshi,
280 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

dooji˙- tooh˜koo tòobu˙ sugar toomitsu° dòoyuu°


doonùkì doohÏtsu° content dòomyaku° tooyùushi
toone° toohyoo° doobu˙° doomyakÎkòoka tooyùäami°
tòone˙ toobyoo° toohee°, -ei° doomyakùryuu tòoyo
doone˙° same doohyoo° tooheki° toomyoo° tooyoo° misap-
age, same year doobyoo° toohe˙° doomyoo° propriation,
dòone˙ that year toohyòosha tòobe˙ tòomu appointment
doonè˙pai toohyoojò° toohè˙boku dòomu Tòoyoo the East,
tòono toohyòobako tooboe° toome° Asia
toonòku toohyòobako toohoo° east toomee°, -ei° dooyoo°
dòono kòono, toohyòobi tòohoo we, I doomee°, -ei° tooyookà˙ji
doonokòono toohyooyòoshi tooboo° doomeeìji˙°, -ei- tooyòoji˙
toonori° toohyòoritsu doohoo° same doomeekyùukoo, Tooyòochoo
tòoha toohi˙° country -ei- tooyoonìkki
tòoba° doopi˙äu° dòohoo°, boo° doomèekoku, -èi- tooyoofuu°
dooha° same fac- toofu° compatriot doomeejòoyaku, dòoyoku°
tion tòobu, Tòobu toobòosha -ei- tooyoko°
dòoha declara- dòobu Toohoku° toomèedo, -èi- toorai°
tion toofuu° spring or tooboku° toomeenì˙äe˙, -ei- toorimono°
doohai° easterly wind Toohokujidoo- toomèäane tòoraku
toohàiäoo toofùu° Chinese shàdoo doomèdaru dooràkù
toobaku° style Toohokùji˙ toome˙° east side doorakumùsÎko
toohach˜ke˙° doofuu° ToohokÎshi˙- toomè˙° for the doorakumònò
toohatsu° tofÎku° kà˙se˙ time being doora˙°
toobatsu° doofÎku° born of ToohokÎse˙° dòomo tòorì
doopami˙° same mother Toohokudai°: Too- doomoo° -toori°: hÏtotoo-
tooha˙° doofÎku°, doobu- hokudàiäaku toomoku° ri°, fÎtatoori°
tooba˙° pitch ku° ToohokÎchÏhòo, doomoku° doorì
tòoba˙ on duty ToobusÎtòa kÎchìhoo doomoto° -doorì: yosoodòo-
dooha˙° to go toobutsu° toohokÎtoo° doomorì° ri, Gi˙zadòori
with doobutsu° Toohokùdoo toomòrokoshi tooriàme
dòoha˙ feudal doobutsùe˙ toobonè° doomo˙° tooriawasèru
clan doobùtsıkai tooho˙° tooya° long-dis- tooriippè˙
dooba˙° doobutsùäaku tooho˙seesoo°, -ei- tance arrow tooriäakari°
toobà˙i doobutsÎkòoe˙ toomaki° tòoya cultivation toorikakàru°
dooba˙äa° doobutsùshÏtsu doomaki° dòoya tooriäake°
doohà˙sha doobutsuzùka˙ doomaäòe° tooyaku° toorikòsu°
tooha˙shàse˙ doobutsÎsee°, -ei° toomaru° dooyaku° toorikòtoba
toobà˙ja˙ doobutsÎteki° doomaru° Tooyàko toorisuäari°
tòohi° escape, toobutsuya° toomàwashi° Tooyama° toorisuäìru°
flight doofùbo toomàwari dòoyara some- toorisòoba
tòohi spruce, toofuya° doomàwari way, somehow tooritsu°
equal ratio, Tòofuru toomà˙juu dòoyara kòoya- dooritsu°
propriety doobùrui toomi° distant ra, dooyarakòo- dòorìde
toobi° distant toobu˙° for the view yara somehow toorìna
fire present, to di- tòomi° fan or other toorinuke°
tòobi end, close vide equally toomichi° tooyu° toorinukèru°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 281

toorìma tòäa tokÏshìrazu toäi˙° dokùäuchi


toorìmichi tokai° toäijìru° toku° profit, vir- dokÎkè
tooryaku° dokai° toäisumàsu° tue dokÎkèshì
tooryuu° stay, doäai° toäidashi° tòku to solve, to dokuäe˙°
sojourn tokaigìi˙ toäitate° explain: tokà- Dokuäo°
tòoryuu this style doäàishi tokÏtama° nai, tokòo, to- dòkuäo°
tooryùumo˙ tokàiji˙ tokÏtàmàäo kimàsu, tòite, dokuäòka˙
tooryoo° equal tokaisòdachi doäitsùi° tòkeba, tòke tokÎsà
amount tokaibyoo° tokitsÎkèru° tòäu: toäànai, dòkuza
tòoryoo leader, toäaki° tokìdoki° toäòo, toäimà- dokÎsai°
chief, boss tokaku° dòkidoki su, tòide, tòäe- dokÎsàisha
dooryoo° toäàkÎshi tok˜toshÏte ba, tòäe dokÎsaisèeji, -èi-
tòoryoku tokaäe° tokinashi° doku°: dokanai°, dokÎsaiteki°
dòoryoku° tokàsu tokinashidàiko˙ dokòo, doki- tokÎsaku°
Tooru° dokasu° tokìni màsu, doite°, tokÎsatsu°
tòoru: toorànai, dokata° tokìniwa dokèba, dokè dokÎsatsu°
tooròo, toori- dòkadoka tokinoù˙ dokù poiso˙ tokÎsa˙°
màsu, tòotte, toäani˙° tkokinokòe dokuàtari tokÎsà˙butsu
tòoreba, tòore dokabe˙° tokinohÏtò tòkui° tòkÎshi°
toorui° base tòäama° tokÏhanàsu° tokuiäao° dokÎshi°
stealing doäama° tokifÎsèru° tokùiku° dòkuji°
tòorui saccharide toäamè tokÏhoäùsu° tokuiäè° tokushÏka°
dòorui° toäamedate° dòäimaäi tokuisaki° tokushÏtsu°
doorùikoo toäamèru toäìmizu tokuitàishÏtsu tokujitsu°
toorupèi˙to dokàyuki° tokimekàsu tokuimàwashi Tokıshima
tooree°, -ei° toäaràsu tokimèkì tokùima˙me˙ TokÎshimàke˙
tooreki° toäarasèru tokimèku dokuiri° TokÎshimàshi
dooretsu° toäarì toäimo° doäuu° tokÎsha° exclusive
tòoro toäàru tokìmono dokùeki° photogrph
dòoro doka˙° toäìmono dokue˙° tòkÎsha° special
tooroo° tòki crested ibis toäìya dokuè˙kai pardon, am-
tooroonàäashi tokì time, case dokyumè˙tarii dokùäa° poison- nesty
tooroku° tòäi dòkyume˙to ous moth, dòkÎsha
toorokÎshòohyoo dòki tòäyo gypsy moth dòkuja
doorokòoda˙ tokiakàsu° dokyoo° dòkùäa poison- dokÎshoku°
doorokootsùu- tokiàrai tokyòosoo ous fang dokÎshàsoo
hoo° tokiiro° dokyoodàmeshi dokuäai° tòkÎshu°
doorohyòoshiki tokiokòsu° tokìyo jìsetsu tokuäaku° tokuju°
doorowaki° tokiori° toäirè dokuäasu° dòkÎshu°
tòoro˙ toäìkai toäiretòäire tokuäawajìdai dòkuju
toorò˙kai tokÏkàtà toäirèru tokuäawabàkÎfu tokÎshuu°
doowa° tokiäari° tokiwa° dokuäà˙ryuu° dokÎshuu°
doowakyòoiku tokikÏkasèru° tokiwàäi° tòkùäi tokÎshùuäoo
toowaku° tokiäìnu tokiwakèru° tokuäìshi˙ dokÎshuushò°
doowàäeki tokÏsatòsu° tokiwagòze˙ dokÎkìnoko tokÎshugìjutsu
doowàsure toäìshi tokiwazubushi° dòkuäyo tokÎshugìnoo
tòo˙ tok˜shìmo toki˙° dokuäi˙° tokÎshukyòoiku
282 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tokÎshukòoka dokuze˙teki° TokÎtomiròka, dokùmushi toäèru


tokÎshusàtsuee, tokÎse˙mai° TokÎtòmi Ròka tokumee°, -ei° dokeru°
-ei dòkÎso dòkÎtoru tokumeeze˙ke˙- doke˙°
tokÎshujìjoo tokÎsoo° tokùnai tàishi, -ei- dokè˙äyoo
tokÎshusee°, -ei° dokÎsoo° tòkuni tokumoku° doke˙ya°
tokÎshuhòoji˙ dokÎsooteki° tokuni˙° dokùya° tokò°
dòkÎsho dokÎsòoryoku tokunoo° tokuyaku° dòko
tokÎshoo° tokÎsoku° tokunooka° dokuyaku° dòäo
tokujoo° tokÎsokùjoo° tokÎha° tokuyàkıte˙ tokoaäè°
dokÎshoo° dòkÎtaa dòkÎha tokuyuu° tokoita°
dokÎshòokai dokÎtaakòosu tokÎhai° tokuyoo° tokoirì°
dokÎshòkai dokÎtaasÎtòppu tokubai° tokuyòohi˙° tokoo° voyage,
tokÎshoku° tokudai° tokubaijoo° tokuyoomai° passage
dokÎshòshÏtsu tokÎtàisee, -ei tokubàibi tokuri°, -kk- tòkoo meanwhile
dokÎshòryoku dokıtake° tokÎhài˙ dokuritsu° dokoo°
tokÎshi˙ accele- Tokudashùusee, dokÎhaku° dokuritsuù˙doo doäoo°
rated promo- -ei tokuba˙° dokuritsÎkàoku dokòokoku
tion tokudane° tokuhÏtsu° dokurìtsıkoku Dogòoru
tokÎshì˙° to be dokudami°, -me° dokuhÏtsu° dokuritsÎsaisa˙- tokokàzari
convinced of tokudàwara tokuhÏtsutàisho see°, -sei° tokoäàmachi
dokÎshi˙° tokuda˙° tokÎhyoo° dokuritsÎsè˙äe˙ tokosàkazuki
dokÎji˙° dokuda˙° tokÎhyòosuu dokuritsÎsè˙soo tokoshieni°, -shi-
dokÎshi˙kìzoku dokuda˙joo° tokÎhyòoritsu dokuryoo° nani°
dokÎshì˙sha dokuda˙se˙koo° dòkÎfu dokuryoku° tokozure°
dokÎshì˙jutsu dokuda˙teki° tokÎfuu° toäùruma dòkosoko
tokÎshi˙zukù° tòäuchi° dokùbutsu° tokuree°, -ei° tokodàtami
dokÎshi˙sèekat- dokÎchì° tokùbu˙ toäuro° tòkotoko
su, -èi- tokÎchuu° dokubu˙° dòkuro dòkodoko
dokuji˙too° tokÎtee°, -ei° dokubù˙äaku dokuwa° dokotonàku
dokuzùku tokÎteemèiäara, tokubetsu° toäè tokotò˙
tokÎsuru° -èi- tokubetsuàtsÎkai tokeai° tokonatsu°
dokÎsùru tokÎte˙° benefit, tokubetsÎkài- tokeàu tokonameyaki°
tokÎsee°, -ei° privilege kee, -ei tokee°, -ei° tokonoma°
dokÎsee°, -ei° tokÎtè˙° points, tokubètsıki tokeedai°, -ei- tokonomàtsÎki
tokÎsetsu° score tokubetsÎkòkkai tokèete˙, -èi- tokobàshira°
dokuzetsu° tokÎtè˙sa tokubètsùshoku tokeemàwari, -ei- tokobànare°
tokÎse˙° tòkÎto dokÎhebi° tokeeya°, -ei- tokobàrai
dokÎse˙° tòkÎdo tokÎhoo° tokekòmu tokoharu°
dokuze˙° tokÎtoo° tokuboo° doäeza° tokobushi°
dokÎse˙kàkaku tokÎtòoseki dokuboo° toketsu° dòkomade
dokÎse˙ki˙sh˜- tokÎtoku° proud- tokubooka° toäèppoo tokomise°
hoo° ly, triumphantly tokÎho˙° toäetoäeshìi tokoya°
dokÎse˙sh˜ho˙ tòkutoku quick- dòäuma toäenùki° tokoyama°
dokuze˙shùäi ly, rapidly dokumà˙juu tokèru: tokènai, tokoyami°
dokÎse˙joo° dokÎtoku° dokumì tokeyòo, toke- dòkoyara
tokÎse˙tai° dòkudoku tòkumu màsu, tòkete, tokòyo°
dokÎse˙teki° dokudokÎshìi tokumukìkà˙ tokèreba, tokèro tokoro° wild yam
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 283

tokorò° place, tòshi city toshÏtoku° toshiyorikÎsài todàèru


spot toshì age, year toshÏtokùji˙ toshiyòru dotaäutsu°
-dokoro°, -dòkoro: tòji on one's way toshìdoshi° toshiyowa° dòtadota
komedòkoro° tojì binding dòshidoshi tojìru todana°
-dòkoro: naku- dòji toshÏtori° toshiwaka° dòtabata
dòkoroka, yò- toshiake° toshÏtòru toshiwàsure tota˙°
mudokoroka tojiìto° toshinami° toshi˙° dota˙ba°
tokoroèäao° toshiue° toshinòìchi toji˙° tota˙yàne
tokoròäa Toshie° toshinoue° doshì˙ tochi° ground,
tokoroäae° Toshio° toshinokure° doji˙° land soil
tokoroäaki° toshiòiru toshinokòo tojì˙shi tòchi Japanese
tokorokamàwazu toshiòtoko toshinose° toshì˙bu horse chestnut
tokoroäara° toshÏka° toshinòha° tòsu tochiäàisha
tokorokirawazu° toshiäài° toshÏha° dosu° tochiäara°
Tokoròzawa° toshÏkàihatsu toshibàe, -ài dosùu tochÏka˙°
tokorosèmashi toshÏkasa° tojibàri dòsÎki˙ Tòchiäi
tokoròde toshigasu° tojìbuta° dosuäuròi° Tochiäìke˙
tokorote˙° dojiäatài tojiho˙° DosÎtoefÎsÎkìi tochìji
tokorote˙shìki° toshÏkàkkoo toshima°,Toshima° tosùru tochidàichoo
tokorodòkoro° toshigì˙koo tojìmari° -tosuru°, -tosuru°: tochÏkko°
tokorobà˙chi° toshÏkèekaku, -èi- toshimàwari kÏkootosuru°, tochinàriki˙
dokò˙joo TòshÏko tojimè yomòotosuru, tòchinòki
Tòsa toshìäo tòsha kÏkutosuru°, tochime˙boo°
tosainu° toshÏkoshì° dòsha yòmutosuru dochaku°
tosae° toshÏkoshÏsòba doshakùzure tosee°, -ei° Tokyo tochuu°
dosaemo˙° toshÏkòkka doshaburi° government, dochuu°
tosakà° toshìäòto tòshu metropolitan tochuuäèsha
dosakÎsa° tojikomi° toshÎtàisoo government tochoo° spindly
dosakÎsamàäire tojikòmu toshoo° tòsee°, -ei° making growth, succu-
tozàsu° tojikomèru° tojoo° a living lent growth
tosatsu° tojikomòru° dojoo° loach dosee°, -ei° tòchoo metropol-
tosatsujoo°: too- toshiäoro° mar- dòjoo° soil toseeni˙°, -ei- itan govern-
satsuba° riageable age dojooì˙äe˙ dosekìryuu ment o‚ce
Tosanìkki toshìäoro age tojòokoku tozetsu° tochòoshi
tosaha° toshishÏta° toshòoji tose˙° dòchira
tosabà˙shi tojìshirò dojoojìru tose˙ba° tochirìyoo
tosabushi° toshÏtàikoo dojoosıkùi tòso tochìru
tozama° toshidama° dojoonàbe tosoo° tòtsuoiru
tozamadàimyoo doshÏtsu° dojòohiäe dosoo° tokka° moral in-
dosamàwari toshìtsÎki dojoobone°, -joppo- dozoo° fluence
tòza˙° -toshÏte°, -toshÏte dojooya° dozoozùkuri tòkka° reduced
toza˙ka° (v.): nakÎtoshÏ- toshòka˙ dozooyàburi price, special
tozà˙äuchi te°, yòmutoshÏte toshokà˙choo tosokìäe˙ subject
tozà˙sha -toshÏte°, -toshÏte toshoku° dosoku° TotsÎka°
toza˙tai° (n.): tomoda- toshòke˙ dòzoku dòkka
toza˙tètsudoo chÏtoshÏte°, oto- toshòshÏtsu tosòsa˙ dokkai°
toza˙dè˙sha kòtoshÏte toshiyòrì dodai° dokkàiryoku
284 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tokkaeh˜kkae tokkootai° topparàu° todokezumi° tonichi°


tokkakari° tokkòoyaku toppa˙° tookede° donichi°
dokkàto tokkonitòru toppa˙ì˙satsu todokedèru° tònikku
tokkahi˙° tossa° toppi° todokemonò° tònimo kàkùni-
dokkàri dossàri toppyooshi° todokèru: todokè- mo
tokka˙° dojjibòoru, doc- toppi˙äu° nai, todokeyòo, tonyuu°
tokka˙kòoji chi- tòppu todokemàsu, to- Tòne
tokki° protuber- tosshÎtsu° toppùu° dòkete, todokè- Toneäawa°
ance, projection tòtsujo toppÎkàida˙ reba, todokèro toneri°
tòkki° special dosshìri toppusÎtàa todokoori° tonerìko°
mention tosshi˙° toppudàu˙ todokòoru° toneriràinaa
tòtsÎki totsuze˙° toppunyùusu tòtosa˙ tòno
dokkì° totsuzè˙shi toppubàttaa totonòu dòno
totsuäisaki° totsuze˙hè˙i toppùri totonòèru -dono°, -dòno:
tokkyuu° tottari° doppùri tòdonotsumarì Yamadadòno°
tokkyùuke˙ totta˙° toppurèberu todòmatsu tonoko°
tokkyùushu° dòcchi totsube˙° todomàru tonoäo°
tòkkyo docchitsÎkàzu° dòppo todomè° dònoko
dòkkyo° docchimichi° doppoo°, dokÎhoo° todomèru tonosama°
tokkyòke˙ docchimèru° totsume˙° todorokàsu tonosamaàtsÎkai
tokkyòchoo tottsà˙ totsume˙kyoo° Todoroki° tonosamaäàeru
dokkyoròoji˙ tottsÎkamaèru° totsurè˙zu todorokì° tonosamàäee, -ei
dokkìri tottsÎki° -tote, -tòte: kirù- todoròku dònotsura
dokki˙äu° tottsıku tòte, akàitòte tònaa tonòbara°
dokki˙hoo° tottè° dote° dònaa donohe˙°
tòkku tottee°, -ei° totee°, -ei° donaakàado donomichi°
totsùäu totteoki° totesha˙° tònai tònomo
dòkku tòtteoku doteppara° Donàùäawa dònoyòo
tokkùni tòttekàesu totetsumonài tonàè tobà°
tokkùnomukashi° tòttekùu totemo° tonaeäotò° dòba
tokkumiai° tòttekùru dotera° tonàèru tòpaazu
tokkùmu tottetsÎke° tode˙° tonàkai tòhai°
tokuri°, -kk- tòttetsÎkèru tòto dònata tobae°
tokku˙° tottemo° tòdo donabe° tobaku°
dokÎkè, dokkè dotto° dodòitsu tonari° tobakÎchi°
tokkeekà˙zee, totsÎtotsu° totoo° tonariàu tobasareru°
-eikà˙zei tòttoto dotoo° tonariàwase dobashi°
totsuäeki° Tottori° todoofıkè˙ tonarikì˙jo tobasu°: tobasa-
tokke˙° Tottorìke˙ totokàrucho tonariäumi° nai°, tobasòo,
tokke˙kàikyuu Tottorìshi toòku: todokà- donarikòmu° tobashimàsu,
tòkko° totsunyuu° nai, todokòo, tonarizàshÏki tobashÏte°, to-
dokkòi tòppa° todokimàsu, donarichiràsu basèba, tobasè
dokkòisho tòppaa todòite, todò- donaritsÎkèru dohàzure
dokkoidòkkoi toppàkoo° keba, todòke tonarimura° tobasòojoo
tokkoo° toppatsu° todokè donàru dòhatsu°
dokkoo° toppatsÎteki° todokeide° Donarudodàkku tobacchiri°
dokkoose˙° toppana° todokesaki° tònikaku dobato°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 285

tobari° tobinukèru tobokè tòmikoomi tomoura°


tooha˙shàse˙, toh- tobinòku tobokèru dòmitorii tomoe°
tòhi tòbinomono toboshì° tòmini tomoeri°
tòbi, tò˙bi tobinori° toboshiàbura Domìnika° tòmokaku
dòhi tobinòru toboshìi dòmino tòmokakumo
tobiaäari° tobibako° tobòsu° tomìmoto tomoäàshira
tobiaäàru tobihanarèru tòbotobo tòmi˙ tomokàseäi°
tobiarùku tobihanèru tobòru° domi˙° tomoäarà°
tobiishi° tobihi° toma° tomi˙äèkijoo tomoäire°
tobiishizùtai tobimawàru domà tòmu tomoäui°
tobiishirè˙kyuu dobyàkÎshoo tomae° tòmunè Tòmoko
tobiita° dohyoo° tomàsu tomurai° tomoshì°
tobiiri° dohyooiri° tomatsu° tomnuraiäàsse˙ tomoshiàbura
tobiiro° dohyooäiwa° tòmato tomuràu tomoshìbi°
tobìuo° tobira° tomadòi° tome° tomoshìäara°
tobiutsùru tobiràe° tomadòu domèi˙ tomòsu°
tobiokìru dobi˙° tomatokechàppu tomeoki° tomozuna°
tobiori° dobì˙shÏki tomatojùusu tomeòku° tomozuri°
tobiorijìsatsu dobi˙mushi° tomatosòosu tomeòtoko tòmosureba
tobiorìru tòfu tomatopyùure tomeäaki° tomozòroe, -oi
tobikàu tobu°: tobanai°, tomabùne° tomeäane° tomodaorè°
tobikakàru tobòo, tobimà- tomàya° tomèäu° tomodachi°
tobiäàshira su, to˙de°, to- tomari° domesÎtikku- tomodachiäai°
tobikyuu° bèba, tobè tomariawasèru bàiore˙su tomodachizùkiai
tobikiri° dobu° tomariäake° tomesodè° tomòdomo°
tobìäuchi dobuike° tomarìäi° tomedate° tomonàu
tobikoèru dobuita° tomarìkyaku tomedo° tomonari°
tobikòsu dobukawa° tomarikomi° tomebàri tòmoni°
tobikomi° tobùkuro° tomarikòmu tomeyama° tomonuno°
tobikomijìsatsu dobusàrai tomarìchi˙ tomeyu° tomone°
tobikomidai° dobusòoji tomarìba˙° tomeru°: tome- tomobàtaraki
tobikòmu tofÎtsu° tomaru°: tomara- nai°, tomeyòo, tomobiki°
tobisàru tobutori° nai°, tomaròo, tomemàsu, to- tomobito°
tobìshoku dobudoro° tomarimàsu, mete°, tomerè- tomobuta°
tobidashi° dobunèzumi tomatte°, toma- ba, tomerò tomomachì°
tobidashinàifu toburai° rèba, tomarè tomo° cloth of the tomomàwari
tobidàsu toburàu tòmare same material tomorai°
tobitàtsu doburoku° tòmarekakumare tòmo friend domori° stutterer
tobichi° tobee°, -ei° domà˙juu tomò stern dòmori stuttering
tobichiäàu dobèttsui tomi° lottery, -tomo°: mikkato- domorì° gradua-
tobichìru tòho ra·e mo°, yoni˙tomo° tions
tobitsıku tohoo° tòmi wealth, -tomo°, -tòmo: tomòru°
tòpikku dòboku riches furokÎtòmo° domòru
tobidèru dobokùäyoo Tomiokatèssai -dòmo: temaedò- tomò˙
tobidòoäu dobokÎkè˙chÏku tomìkuji° mo, watakÎ- tomo˙hà˙
tobitobi° dobokÎkòoäaku domigurasÎsòosu shidòmo toya°
tobinì˙soku dobokÎkòoji Tòmiko tòmoare doyàäai
286 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

tòyakaku toraäari° tora˙su° torìkaji° torishimarìyaku°


doyakì° dorakyura° torà˙pu torikàtà torishimàru°
doyashÏtsÎkèru toràkÎtaa tora˙pètto torikatazuke° torishirabe°
doyàsu toraäe° torà˙pòri˙ torikatazukèru° torishirabèru°
dòyatsu doraäòe° tori° bird torikàbuto torisuäàru°
dòyadoya torakòoma torì highest rank toriäarà° torisÎtèru°
Tòyama dòrago˙ storyteller torikawàsu° torisumàsu°
Toyamàke˙ toràsuto dori° torikì° torisokonàu°
Toyamàshi torasèru dòria torikime° torisoroèru°
doyòo toràkku toriai° torikimèru° torìdàka
doyòonami doràggu toriàu torikuzushi° toridashìäuchi
Doyòobi doraggusÎtòa toriàezu° torikuzùsu° toridàsu
doyooboshi° toratsùäumi toriaäe° torìkÎchi toritate°
Tòyoko toràddo toriaäebàba torikumi° toritatèru°
Toyozawa° toràppu toriaäèru° torikùmu toridame°
Tòyota toradoshi° toriatsÎkai° torikeshi° torichiäae°
Toyotomi Hidè- doraneko° toriatsÎkàite˙ torikèsu torichiäaèru°
yoshi toranoì toriatsÎkàu° toriko° prisoner, torichirakàsu°
Toyòhashi toranòo toriami° captive torichiràsu°
doyomì toranoko° toriawase° torìkò rice pow- tòritsu
doyòmu, to- toranòmaki° toriawasèru° der toritsÎkarèru°
doyomekì° Toranomo˙° dòria˙ toriäoe° toritsÎki°
doyomèku torapìsÎto torii° torikoshÏkùroo, toritsuäi°
doyomòsu torafu° toriisoäi° -shiäù- toitsuäìte˙
tora° torafuäu° toriisòäu° torikòtto tòrìkku
dòra dorafÎto° torìitome˙to torikoboshi° toritsıku
torai° to be in- dorafÎtosee°, -ei° toriìru torikobòsu° toritsùäu
troduced, to toràburu toriire° torikomi° toritsÎkùsu°
be brought toràberu toriirèru° torikomiäoto° toritsÎkuroi°
torài to try torahòomu toriuchi° torikomisàäi toritsÎkuròu°
dorài dòrama toriè torikòmu toritsÎke°
doraiàisu dòràmaa tòrio toriäoya° toritsÎkesàwaäi
toraiàsuro˙ doramach˜kku toriòi° torikoròsu° toritsÎkèru
toraià˙äuru doramu° toriòìuta torikowashi° torìkko
doraikàree doramuka˙° torioki° torikowàsu° toritsÎkòokoo
doraikurìini˙äu doramùsÎko toriòku° torizao° toritsudai°
doraibaa° dorayaki° toriokonàu° torizàkana dorìppu
doràibu torawarè° toriosaèru° torisaäe° toritsubushi°
doraibùì˙ torawarèru toriòdoshi torisaäèru° toritsubùsu°
doraibuuèe tora˙kiràizaa toriotòsu° torisàshì toritè
doraifuràwaa torà˙ku torìäai torìzata° toridè°
doraifurùutsu torà˙kÎsu torikae° torisabàku° toriteki°
doraimìruku tora˙kurùumu torikaeshi° torìzara torìdoku°
doraiyaa° tora˙shìibaa torikakàru° torisàru toridòkoro°
torauma° tora˙jìsÎtaa, to- torikaäe° torishÏkìru° toridoshi°
toraedokoro° ra˙jìsÎta torikaäo° torishizumèru° toritome°
toràèru torà˙jìtto torikakòmu torishimari° toritomèru°
4: ta, da, chi, ch-, ji, tsu, zu, te, de, to, do, (ti, di, dy-, tu, ts-, ty-, du, dyu) 287

torìdori° tertainment doruyasu° toroo° torò˙


torinaoshi° torimòchi° bird- dòre toròochi dorò˙
torinaòsu° lime doree°, -ei° toroori˙äu° doro˙gèemu
torinashi° torimòtsu torèi˙ toròoru doro˙ko°
torinabe° torimodòsu° torèe toroorugyòäyoo torò˙bòo˙
torinawa° tòrimo naòsazu, toreeshi˙äupèe- torooruse˙° doro˙wàaku
toriniäàsu° torimonaòsazu paa torokàsu° tòwa
toriniku° torimono° toreesu° doroäame° towàie
torinòìchi torimonòchoo° tirèedaa° dorokÎsài towazuäàtari
torinoke° toriya° torèedo doròäutsu° dowàsure
torinokèru° dòrya toreedomàaku torokèru° Towadàko
torinoko° toriyame° torèenaa° dorojìai tò˙
torinokòäami° toriyamèru° torèeni˙äu dorota° dò˙
torinokoshi° tòryoo° toreeni˙äupà˙- dorodàrake to˙ee°, -ei°
torinokòsu° dòryoo° tsu dorodà˙äo dò˙ka°
torinokòmochi doryòokoo dorèepu tòròkko dò˙kaku°
torinozòku° dòryoku torèeraa dorotsÎchi° tò˙kachi
torìbai doryokÎka° toreeraabàsu toròtto to˙katsu°
torihakarai° toriyose° dòresu dòròppu to˙äarakàsu
torihakaràu° toriyosèru° doresuàppu doroppuàuto to˙äarakàru
torihakobi° toriryòori doresumèekaa torotoro° pulp to˙äaràsu
torihakòbu° dòriru torèdàka tòrotoro to fall to˙äaribòoshi
torìbàshi toriwake° dòredake° into a doze to˙äàru
torihazushi° toriwakèru° toretate° dorodoro° jelly do˙ka˙°
torihazùsu° dorì˙ku torekki˙äu° dòrodoro rum- dò˙ki
torihada° dori˙kùzai° dorèssaa bling sounds DonkÏhòote
toriharai° tòru: torànai, dorèsshii doronawa° tò˙kyoo
toriharàu° toròo, torimà- dorèsshi˙äu doronuma° tò˙äu
tòrihìkisaki° su, tòtte, tòre- dòredore toròbako dò˙äuri°
torihÏkijò° ba, tòre torepa˙° dorohàcchoo do˙äurinàmako
torìfuda dòru dòrehodo° torobi° do˙ko°
torìpuru dorui° doremi° toròpÏkaru Tò˙koo
torihòodai doruuri° dòremo° tòrofii dò˙koo
torìmae tòrùe˙ toremoro° doroboo° to˙kotsu°
torimaki° doruäai°, -kai° torèru doroboonèko do˙ko˙°
torimaäirèru° Tòruko tore˙chÏkòoto doromàmire tò˙za°
torimàku torukòishi torè˙dii toromì° to˙sai°
torimazèru° torukok˜kyoo tore˙do° doròmizu do˙sai°
torimatome° torukodama° tòro doròmichi to˙shi°
torimatomèru° torukobùro° dorò doroyòke° tò˙ji
torimawashi° torukòboo doròashi° toròrì tò˙chaku, tò˙ja-
torimidàsu° TorusÎtòi Tòroi torotiibàsu tò˙shu
torimi˙äu° tòrusoo toròi tororo° do˙juu°
torimusùbu° dorusòoba toròika tororoimo° tò˙sho°
torime° dorudaka° Toroìseki tororokò˙bu, do˙shoku°
torimeshi° dorubako° doroùmi° -kòbu do˙jirì°
torimochi° en- dòrufi˙ doroènoäu tororojìru to˙jiru°, butajiru°
288 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

dò˙su dò˙cha˙ dò˙to to˙bìashi tò˙ma


to˙sùu do˙cha˙sàwaäi do˙too° dò˙pishari dò˙ma
do˙zumari° do˙choo° do˙toyaki° Dò˙fa˙ to˙ya°
do˙sùru do˙chooshìbai tò˙to˙° to˙pÎku° -dò˙ya: oroshi-
to˙see°, -ei° do˙chooyàkÎsha dò˙do˙ to˙pÎkùyaku dò˙ya, kome-
to˙soo° to˙chì˙ka˙ to˙to˙byòoshi do˙butsu° dò˙ya
to˙sòokyoku do˙tsuu° to˙to˙buki° do˙burikà˙jo do˙yoku°
do˙zoko° dò˙tsÎku dò˙na dò˙burako, -riko do˙yòri
to˙da° to˙demonài to˙niku°, buta- do˙burìbachi do˙ra˙°
dò˙taku ado˙tè˙° niku° do˙burìmeshi°
to˙chi° do˙de˙äàeshi to˙neru° to˙bo°
tò˙chÏki to˙dè˙hee, -ei to˙neruäàisha to˙boäàeri
tò˙chaku, tò˙ja- tò˙to° tò˙bi to˙bòtsuri
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no

nà nàikakÎ ka˙- naishò naitòshòo Nairùäawa


-nà (imper.): ta- boochòoka˙ naijò nainai° naire°
benà nàikakÎ soori- naishòo° naine˙k˜kà˙ nàiro˙
-na°, -na oh, it's: dàiji˙ naijoo° nàihi naiwàkÎsee, -ei
akaina°, ure- naikàkıfu naishoku° nàifu naiwa˙°
shìina nàikaku fÎshi˙- naishoäotò° nàibu nài˙
-na (neg. parti- nì˙a˙ naishobànashi naifÎku° nàu
cle): nakùna, naiäàshiro° naishi˙° naifÎkùyaku naùi
yòmuna naika˙° naiji˙° naibuhìbaku naute°
nàa nàiki° naishi˙shò° naifu˙° nàe
nàasu nàiäi naishi˙nòo naibu˙° naeäì°
naasÎkooru naikyoku° nàisu naibù˙pi naedoko°
naasÎsÎtèesho˙ naiki˙° naisee°, -ei° naiheki° naèru
naate° naikùu° naiseekà˙shoo, -ei- naihoo° nào
naatèni˙° naiku˙° naisetsu° naimaku°, uchi- Naòetsu°
naanàa° naikee°, -ei° naise˙° maku° nàokatsu
nàabasu naike˙° naisoo° naimaze° naok˜shoo
nài (neg.): nà- naigè˙ka˙ naizoo° naimitsu° naozàmurai
katta, nàku, naikoo° naizooshìboo nàimu naosara°
nàkÎte, nàke- naikoosee°, -ei° nàitaa Naimùshoo naozari°
reba, nashÏ naikooteki° naidàiji˙ naimee°, -ei° naoshì
-nai°, -nai naikoku° naidaku° naimè˙° naoshimonò°
(neg.): naka- naisai° naitatsu° naime˙teki° naòsu: naosà-
nai°, yomànai naizai° naida˙° naimononèdari nai, naosòo,
Naiaäara° nàishi nàichi naiya° naoshimàsu,
nàii nàiji° private naichimai° naiyaku° naòshÏte, naò-
naìibu notification Naichi˙gèeru naiyàshu seba, naòse
naii˙° nàiji inner ear naitsuu° naiyuu° nàonao
naie˙° naishÏkyoo° naitee°, -ei° naiyùusee, -ei naonaoäaki°
naioo° Naijèria° naiteki° naiyoo° nàonokoro
nàika° naijìe˙ nàito naiyooshòomee, nàomata
naikai° naishÏtsu° Naitoo° -ei nàomo
nàiäai naishidòkoro naitogàu˙ naiyoomìho˙ naorai°
naikaku° inte- nàiju° naitokyàppu naiyòoyaku naorì
rior angle naishuu° naidoki˙° naira˙° naòru: naorà-
nàikaku cabinet naishùäe˙ naitokùrabu nairiku° nai, naoròo,
naikakÎkà˙boo naishıkketsu naitogèemu nairì˙za˙ naorimàsu,
290 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

naòtte, naòre- Naäasàk˜shi nakadàrumi° nakabuta° tekinàäara°,


ba, naòre Nakazawa° naäatà˙äi naäaburo° o˙nanàäara°,
naorè° nakàshi naäachòoba, naäahosòi, -appo- za˙ne˙nàäara°
nàka nàäashi -acchòo- nakàhodo° naäaràeru°
nàäa naäashìami° nakatsuäì° nakabone° Naäaràäawa
naäaami° naäashiìta naäàtsÎki nakamà naäàraku
naäaàme° naäash˜kaku nakatsuäibòoeki nakamairi° naäaràzoku
Nakai° nakajiki° naäatsùzuki nakamauchi° nakàre
nakai° nakajìkiri naäacchirì° nakàmaku naäarè
Nàäai naäashÏkòmu° naäapposòi nakamahàzure naäareochìru°
naäài: nàäakat- naäashidai° nakàtè nakamaware° naäarekàisa˙
ta, nàäaku, naäashiba° naäadè˙wa nakàmi naäarèäi
naäàkute, nà- naäajìba˙ nakadòori nakamise° naäarekòmu
äakereba, nà- Nakajima° nakadoshi° naäàmichì naäaresàäyoo
äashÏ naäashimijikàshi nakanàori naäàmusgu naäarezùkuri
naäaìki° nakajime° nakanaka° Nakamura° naäaredàsu°
naäaisu° naäashìme° naäanàäa Nakamuraya° naäarèdama°
˙äaita° naäashimotò° naäanakì° naäame° view naäaretsıku°
naäàime nakasu° naäanakìdori naäamè° mode- naäaredèru°
naäaimo° Nàkazu nàkanimo rately long naäarèboshi
nakairi° naäàsu: naäasà- nakaniwà° court, Nakamèäuro naäaremonò°
naäàuta° nai, naäasòo, courtyard naäamèru: naäarèya
nakauchì° naäashimàsu, nàkaniwa some naäamènai, naäarèru: naäa-
nakauri° naäàshÏte, na- of them naäameyòo, rènai, naäare-
naäae° äàseba, naäàse nakanukì° naäamemàsu, yòo, naäaremà-
naäaòi° naäasÎkùjira nakanurì° naäàmete, su, naäàrete,
Naäàoka nakazutobazu° nakàne naäamèreba naäarèreba
naäaoshi° naäazùbo˙ ˙aäanèäi° naäamèro naäarèro
nakaòchi° nakazuri° naäane˙° naäamòchì naäaròoka
naäaòdori -nàkase: ishanà- Nakano° naäaya° naäawàkizashi
nakaòmote kase, oyanàkase Nàäano naäayazùmai zaäawàzurai
nakaore° nakaseki° Nakanoòoenooo- nakayàsumi nakawata°
nakaorèboo° nakaseru° ji Nakayama° naka˙zùku°
nakàäai° Nakasè˙doo Nakanòku naäayami° naki° crying,
nakaäàini˙° nakazoko° Naäanòke˙ naäayàmo˙ tears, weeping
naäaäàmishimo naäasodè° Naäanòshi naäàyu nàki the late
Nakàäawa° nakazòra nakanoma° nakàyubi Mr Tanaka
nàäaki nakazorì° nakàbà nakayùrushi nàäi conifer
naäaäìseru Nakata° baäabàkama nakàyoshi naäì calm, lull
naäaäutsu° Naäata° nakabasuäì° naäayòjoo nakiakàsu
nakaäuro° nakadaka° nakabàtaraki nakàra° nakiòtoko
nakàäo° nakatàäai naäabànashi -naäara°, -nàäara nakiotoshi°
naäakòojoo nakadachì° nakàbi while -ing (v.): nakiotoshÏsè˙ju-
nakàäoro° Naäatachoo° nakabiku° nakinaäara°, tsu
nàäasa naäàtabi naäabìku yominàäara nakiotòsu
Naäàsaki naäattarashìi, naäabitsu° -naäara°, -nàäa- nakiò˙na
Naäasàk˜ke˙ -ata- naäahìbachi ra even if (n.): nakiäào°
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no 291

nàkÏkazu nakiwamèku naäekomidera° nasàru natanèzuyu


nakÏkanashìmu nakiwàrai naäekòmu nàshi without natamame°
nakiäara° naku°: nakanai°, naäeshì nashi° pear tree natamameäìseru
nakÏkawàsu nakòo, naki- naäeshìmada nashÏkuzushi° nadamèru
nakÏkuzurèru màsu, naite°, naäesutèru° nashiji° nadàraka
nakÏkuràsu nakèba, nakè naäèse˙° nashÏtoäèru° nadare°
nakÏkurùu nàäu naäedàsu nashinotsùbutè nadarekòmu°
nakiäòe° naäusami° naäetsÎkèru° najimì nadarèru
naäisa° naäusamiäoto° nàgetto najimìkyaku Nàchi
nakÏsakèbu naäusamimono° naäetobàsu° najimibukài NàchÏsu
sakishÏkìru naäusàmu° nakenashi° najìmu nachìzumu
nakÏshizùmu naäusamèäao° naäenewa° nashonarìsÎto nàchinotaki
nakijakùru naäusamèru° naäèbushi° nashonarìzumu nachurarìsÎto
nakijòoäo nakÎshimono° naäèbumi° nashonarutorà- nàchuraru
nakÏsuäàru nakÎsu° naäèmono sÎto natsù
nakÏsuna° nakÎsuru° naäeyari° najìru natsui˙°
naäitaòsu° nakùnaku° nakeru° nàsu natsuobi°
nakidàsu nakunasu° naäèru: naäè- nazùku natsuäake°
nàkÏtama nakunaru° nai, naäeyòo, nazuke° natsÎkashìi
nakitsıku nàkumoäana naäemàsu, nà- nazukèoya° natsÎkashiäàru
nakÏttsura°, naäuriai° äete, naäèreba, nazukèru natsÎkashìmu
-kÏtsu- naäuriäaki° naäèro nasÎko˙° natsÎkaze°
nakidokoro° naäurikomi° naäewaza° nazuna° natsuäata°
nakìnaki° naäurikòmu° nakòodo nàsubi natsuäare°
naäinàtà naäuritsÎkèru° nakoodòäuchi nazùmu natsÎka˙°
naäinatahòozuki naäuritobàsu° nakoso° nasuritsÎkèru° natsuäi°
nàkinishimo naäùru: naäurà- naäòmu nasùru natsÎkyòoäe˙
àrazu nai, naäurò, Nàäoya nàze natsùku, natsıku
nakinurèru naäurimàsu, Naäoyaòbi nàzenara natsukÎsa°
nakinèiri° naäùtte, naäù- naäòyaka nazèru natsuäumo°
nakinonàmida reba, naäùre Naäoyàshi nazo° nàkkuru
naäiharàu° nàäè Naäoyàjoo nazokakè° natsuäe°
nakÏharàsu naäeire° naäorì° nazonazo° NàtsÎko
nàkihÏto naäeirèru° naäorioshìi nazomèku natsùäo°
nakifısu naäeùtsu° naäorikyòoäe˙ nazoràèru natsÎkòdachi
nakibeso° naäeuri° naäorinotsÎkì nazòru natsuäòromo
nakibòkuro naäekakèru° nàsa, Nàsa nata° natsÎsaku°
nakimane° naäekawashìi nàsake Nàda natsuzàshÏki
nakimiso° naäeki° nasakeäòkoro nadai° natsujìka˙
nakimùshì naäek˜ssu, -k˜su nasakeshìrazu nadaikà˙ba˙ natsÎshìbai
nàkimono naäèku: naäekà- nasakenài nadaishÏta° natsujàwa˙
nakiyàmu nai, naäekòo, nasakebukài nadaiyàkÎsha nassho°
nàäyoo naäekimàsu, nasakeyòosha nadakài nasshobòozu
nakiyori° naäèite, naäè- nazashi° nadatàru nàsshi˙äu
nakiribòochoo, keba, naäète nazashìni˙° natadekòko natsÎsùäata
-kk- naäèkubi nazàsu natàne natsuzemi°
nakiwakare° naäekomi° nasànunaka nataneàbura nasse˙°, nase˙°
292 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

natsuzòra° nadebi˙° nanàsoji nànikure° nàbana


natsudàiko˙ nadebòtoke nanàtabi nànikuwànukao nabikàsu
natsudàyori nademawàsu° nanachoomè° naniäenài nabìku
nàttsu nadèmono nanàtsu naniäokoronàku nabigèetaa
natsÎkkòi nadebòtoke nanàtsÎki naniäoto° nabiromè°
natsÎtsùbaki nademawàsu° nanatsÎsàäari nànisama° nàpÎki˙
nàtto nadèmono nanatsudòoäu nanishiòo nafuda°
nattòo nadèru nanàtsuyattsu nànishini nafÎtari˙°
nattooya° Nàtoo nanàdo nànishiro naburiäòroshi°
nattoku° nadòkoro nanàtokoro nànise, nà˙se naburimonò°
natsùdori° natorì° nanàtose nanitozo° nabùru
natsuba° Natorìumu, nananànuka, nàninani nàbe
nàppa -ryùu- -noka na˙pÏto°, -bito° nàbekama
natsubàori nàna nanabai° nànihÏtòtsu nabèshÏki
natsubasho° nanàiro nanàba˙ nanibu˙° nabèzumi°
natsubate° nanairotooäà- nanah˜kari nàniboo nabèzuru
nappàfÎku rashi nanàhyaku nànihodo° nabezoko°
natsùbi nanàe nanahyakùe˙ nànimo° nabetsıkami
natsufÎku° nanàe˙ nanahyakùni˙ nànimokàmo nàbete
nappuzàkku nanakai° nanahyakùne˙ nanimono° nabebùäyoo
natsıfuyu nanakai° seven- nanahyakumà˙ nàniyatsu° nabebuta°
natsubate° story nanàbyoo nàniyue° nabèmono
natsumàtsuri nanàkai seven nanafıshiäi na˙yòobi, -niyòo- nabeyaki°
natsumàtsuri times nanàfu˙ nàniyori° nabeyakiùdo˙
naniwakàäami nanakàäetsu nanàho˙ Naniwa° naberyòori
natsumìka˙ nanakàmado nanàmai nàniwasateoki nahe˙°
natsumuki° nanàkÎsa nanamàäari Naniwazu° Nahòtoka°
natsume° nanakÎsàäayu nanamà˙ nàniwatomoare Nàpori
natsumèku nanàkÎse nanàme nàniwatomoka- napòrita˙
natsumeäu° nanàko nanàmenàrazu ku Naporeo˙°
nattsumèggu nanakòmachi nanameyomi° naniwabushi° nàma
Natsumesòoseki nanakòrobi nànayattsu nanukashòoäatsu namaàkubi
natsumeyàshi yàoki naniò nanushi° namaàäe°
natsumero° nanàsai naniòo nàno namaatatakài
natsumono° nanashì° nànioka nanokà° namaiki°
natsuyàsai nanajùssai, -jì- nànika nanoteku° namaikizàkari
natsuyàsumi nanàshaku nànìäashi nanotekunòrojii namàuo
natsuyase° nanàjuu nànikashira° nànoha namazàkana
natsuyama° nanajùue˙ nànikato° nànohana namae°
nadeaäèru° nanajùuni˙ nàniäa nà˙de- nanorì° namaemake°
nadeoròsu° nanajùune˙ mo, naniäa- nanoriàu° namaè˙soo
nadèäata° nanajùuma˙ nà˙demo nanoridèru° namaòboe
nadeäiri° nanàshoku nànikani° nanòru namagàkùmo˙
nadèshÏko nanàsu˙ nànikano° Nàha namaäàshi
nadetsÎke° nanasè˙ nànikara nàni- nabàkari namakàjiri°
nadetsÎkèäami nanase˙e˙° made Nahàshi namàkabe°
nadetsÎkèru° nanase˙ni˙° nànikÎso nabàtake namakawa°
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no 293

namaäàwaki° namanòmikomi namitaitee°, -ei° nayamì benai°, narabe-


namakì° namahamu° namidàki˙° nayàmu: naya- yòo, narabemà-
namaäiki° namabìiru namidaäumashìi mànai, naya- su, narabete°,
namàkizu namabyòohoo namidaäùmu mòo, nayami- naraberèba,
namaäusa° namabushi° namidaäòe màsu, nayà˙- narabero°
namaäusài namahè˙ji namidàtsu de, nayàmeba, Narabò˙chi
namäusabòozu namahòosoo namidamoròi nayàme narawashì°
namaäusamono° namaboshì° namitoo° nayamèru narawàsu
namàkubi namàmi naminami° con- nayòtake narawasèru
namakura° namàmizu siderable nàyonayo nariaäari°
namakuraäàtana namamùäi naminàmi to Nàra nariaäarimono°
namakurìimu namamekashìi the brim narài nariaäàru°
namakemonò° namamèku naminohanà naraiäotò° narikakàru°
namakèru namàme˙° naminori° naràu: narawà- narikawàru°
namakò namàmono namihazure° nai, naraòo, narikìru
namakoìta namamònoshiri namihazurèru° naraimàsu, na- nariki˙°
namakoäata° namayaki° namihabà° ràtte, naràeba, narikomaya°
namakòkabe namayake° namihÏtotoori° naràe narisaäàru°
namàgomi° namayàsai namimà° naraku° narisumàsu°
namàäome° namayasashìi° namiyokè° Naràke˙ Nàrita
namakòmochi namayudè° nàmu nàrashi Naritakùukoo
namaäoroshì° namayoi° namuamidàbu- Naràshi Naritàsa˙
namako˙° namari° to lead tsu, nàmu a- Narajìdai naritachi°
namazàkana namarì accent midàbutsu narasu° sound: naritaya°
namàzake° namariiro° nàmusa˙° narasanai°, na- naritè
namaji°, -jii° namàru nàmusà˙boo rasòo, narashi- narìdoshi
namajikka° namawàkÎchi˙ namumyoohoo- màsu, narashÏte° narihatèru°
namashoku° nami° average, re˙äèkyoo, nà- naràsu: to level narihibìku
namajiròi regular mu myoohoo- (ground), to Narìhira
namasù° namì wave re˙äèkyoo tame, to train, narìfuri
namazu° namiashi° nàmuru to accustom Narìmasu
namazuke° namiita° namekùji narazuke° narimono° musi-
namazùhiäe namiìru° namekò° narazumono° cal instrument
namàzume° namiuchiäiwa° nàmeshì Narachoo° narìmono farm
namatàmàäo namiùtsu nameshìäawa° narànai products
namàchì namiotò° namèsu narànu narimonoiri°
namachùukee, -ei namiäàshira namezùru narabi° nariyuki°
namachoko° namìkaze namemìso° narabidàimyoo nariyùku
namakkàjiri° namiäata° namèmono° narabinài nariwài°
namacchiròi° namiki° namèru: namè- narabini° nariwatàru
namàtsuba° namikìmichi nai, nameyòo, narabu°: naraba- naru° to go o‡,
namanaka° Nàmiko namemàsu, nai°, narabòo, to ring: nara-
namanàma namiji° nàmete, namè- narabimàsu, nai°, naròo, na-
namanamashìi namishìbuki reba, namèro nara˙de°, nara- rimàsu, natte°,
namanie° namisee°, -ei° nàya bèba, narabè narèba, narè
namanuru° nàmida nayamashìi narabetatèru nàru to get, to
namanurùi° namidàame nayamàsu naraberu°: nara- become
294 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

narukami° to understand na˙ji° na˙demoya° na˙bai°


naruko° nà˙kai how na˙jìka˙ na˙te˙° south- na˙pase˙°
narushÏshìzumu often, again “ na˙shÏki° ern sky na˙bari˙äu°
narutake° again na˙shÏkiyàkyuu na˙tè˙° weakness na˙bà˙° south-
Naruto° Na˙kaidoo° na˙jìäyoo nà˙to ern barbarians,
Narutokàikyoo na˙kàäetsu na˙jaku° na˙do° store- red pepper
narubèku° na˙kàsho na˙juu° room nà˙ba˙ number
naruhodo° nà˙äatsu na˙shuuäa° nà˙do di‚culty na˙ba˙se˙°
narumishìbori na˙kàne˙ na˙jùuni˙ degree, how na˙bà˙chi
narè na˙ka˙° na˙shò, na˙jò often na˙ba˙bòoeki
nareai° na˙äa˙° nà˙joo na˙doiro° nà˙biki
nareàu nà˙äì na˙shoku° na˙too° na˙bito°,
nareesho˙° na˙kÏtsu° na˙jìru° nà˙toka na˙pÏto°
nareetaa° na˙kyuu° na˙shi˙° na˙doki° nà˙byaku
narezushi na˙äyoo° na˙sui° na˙doku° na˙byakùe˙
naresome° na˙äyookùäyoo na˙zùru° na˙tonàku na˙byakùni˙
narèkko Na˙kyoku° na˙see°, -ei° nà˙tonareba na˙byakùne˙
narenareshìi nà˙kyoku na˙sèeki, -èi- nà˙tomo° na˙byoo° incura-
narenohatè° Na˙kyòkıkai Na˙seeshòtoo, -ei- na˙tomonài ble disease
narèru: narènai, Na˙kyòkÎke˙ na˙se˙° na˙dòyaku° nà˙byoo seconds
nareyòo, nare- Na˙kyòkısee, -ei na˙zè˙ nà˙toyara Na˙pyòoyoo
màsu, nàrete, Na˙kyokÎtàiri- na˙ze˙e˙° nà˙naku nà˙bu
narèreba, narèro ku Nà˙ze˙ji na˙nàra na˙pùu°
nawà na˙ki˙° nà˙se˙su nà˙narito Na˙buse˙°
nawaami° Na˙kì˙ na˙ze˙ni˙° na˙nà˙° na˙butsu°
nawashiro° na˙kì˙joo na˙se˙hòkuba na˙na˙see°, -ei° nà˙pu˙
nawasùdare na˙ki˙dama° nà˙zo na˙na˙too° na˙bù˙äaku
nawatsÎkì° na˙ki˙bùkuro nà˙da° na˙nà˙tosu Na˙bee°, -ei°
nawate° na˙kì˙mame na˙tai° nà˙nichi na˙be˙° loose
nawatòbì na˙kì˙mushi na˙dài° na˙nichiäòro stool
nawanukè° na˙ku° Na˙tàisa˙ na˙nimo° nà˙be˙ how
nawanobì° na˙kÎse° na˙taidòobutsu nà˙nyo many times
nawanòre˙ na˙äu˙° na˙dàimo˙ nà˙ni˙ na˙poo°
nawabàshiäo na˙ke˙° nà˙daka na˙ne˙° hard to nà˙boku
nawabarì° na˙äe˙° nà˙da˙ burn Na˙bokÎse˙°
nawamè° nà˙ko na˙chàkuriku nà˙na˙ what na˙bokÎsè˙soo
nà˙ na˙äo° na˙chuu° year, few years na˙bokıchoo°
nà˙i na˙koo° na˙choo° weak- nà˙no na˙bokumò˙dai
na˙ìdo nà˙äoo ness, hearing nà˙no kàno nà˙bo nà˙demo
nà˙e˙ na˙kòoäai di‚culty nà˙noso˙nno nà˙bo˙
Na˙oo° na˙kòoji Nà˙choo° South- nà˙no nàniäashi nà˙mai
na˙ka° to soften, na˙koofùraku° ern Dynasty na˙pa° wreck na˙maidàbu
to go south na˙äoku° na˙choomè° nà˙pa° moderate nà˙mà˙
nà˙ka some- na˙kotsu° nà˙te party na˙ma˙e˙°
thing nà˙sai nà˙de nà˙baa na˙ma˙ni˙°
Na˙kai° nà˙za˙ nà˙demo na˙baapurèeto na˙mì˙°
na˙kai° di‚cult nà˙shi na˙demonài na˙baawà˙ na˙me˙°
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no 295

na˙mo˙° nieyu° niäate° nikuiro° nikubuto°


na˙mò˙dai nieru°: nienai°, niäaniäashìi nikuäa° nikubùto˙
na˙yakà˙ya niemàsu, niete°, nikàne˙ nikÎkai° nikÎhe˙°
Na˙yoo° nierèba, nierò niäamì nikÎkàrazu nikuboso°
na˙yòobi, nani- nie˙° niäamibashìru nikuäa˙° nikumarèäuchi
yòo- nìo niäàmushi nikuäyuu° nikumarèkko
nà˙ra° niòi nikayòu nikÎkiribòochoo nikumaremonò°
nà˙ro nioibùkuro Nikaràgua° nìkÎsa nikumarèyaku°
nì niòu: niowànai, niäari° nikujikÏsaitai° nikumarèru
niai° nioimàsu, niòt- niäarikìru° nikushÏtsu° nikuma˙°
niàu te, niòeba, niòe nikawa° nikujìba˙, -jù- nikumì
niaäari° niòo niäàwase nikÎshimì° nikùmu: nikum-
niaäarishì˙nai nioodachi° niäa˙rèfu nikujaäa° ànai, niku-mòo,
niaäàru niòomo˙ niäawàrai nìkÎshu° nikumimàsu,
niaäè° niòkuri nìki nikujuu° nikù˙de, nikù-
niashi° niomo° nikìsaku nikujiru° meba, nikùme
niàtsÎkai niòyaka, nioìya- nìäiniäi nikÎshoku° nikùya
niamisu° niòroshi niäiniäishìi nikÎshokudòo- nikuyoku°
niawashìi niowàsu nìkibi butsu niäuya°
nìi niowasèru niäìyaka nikÎshi˙° nikurashìi
Niiäata° nikài° nikyùushu° nikuzuki° nikuryòori
Niiäatàke˙ niäài: nìäakat- nikyokÎka° nikùzuku° nikùrui
Niiäatàshi ta, nìäaku, ni- niäiri° nikuzukè° niäùruma
nìisama äàkÎte, nìäake- niäirikòbushi nikùzure° to fell Nìguro, -ä-
nìisa˙ reba, nìäashÏ niäirishimèru apart, to break nikuromuse˙°
nìizu nikaizàshÏki niäirìzushi into pieces niäu˙°
niizuma° nikaizùkuri niäiritsubushi° nikùzure: the niäè
Nìiche nikàise˙ niäiritsubùsu ship capsized niäèashi°
nìito nikaidate° niäiribàsami because its car- niäeusèru°
niinamèsae nikàiya niäiribàshi go came unfast- niäeokurèru°
niinìizemi niäàuri niäirimeshi° ened “ shifted niäekàeru°
niibo˙° nikaeshi° niäiriya° in the hold niäekakure°
niimàkura nikàesu niäiru°: niäira- nikÎsee°, -ei° niäekiru°
niirè˙äusu niäao° nai°, niäiròo, nikÎtai° niäèäuchi
nii˙see°, -ei° niäaòe° niäirimàsu, ni- nikÎtaiteki° niäekòojoo
niukè° niäaòkaki äitte°, niäirèba, nikÎtàibi niäèäoshi°
niukèni˙° nikàkai niäirè nikÎtairòodoo niäekòtoba
niùäoki nikàäetsu niäiwài° nikÎtarashìi niäekòmu
nìuma, nì˙ma nìäasaa niäiwàu nikudà˙äo niäejìtaku
nie° niäàsu: niäasà- niäiwashìi nikÎchi° niäedàsu
nieaäàru nai, niäasòo, niäiwàsu nikÎtee°, -ei° niäenài
niekàeru niäashimàsu, nikù nikunabe° niäenobìru°
niekàäe˙ niäàshÏte, ni- nikuatsu° nikuna˙° niäebà
niekirànai äàseba, niäàse nikùi: nìkÎkat- nikunikÎshìi niäemadòu°
niekurikàeru nikata° ta, nìkÎku, ni- nikÎhaku° niäemawàru°
nietaäìru Niäatsù kùkÎte, nìkÎ- nikubànare niäèmizu
nietàtsu Niäatsudoo° kereba, nìkÎshi nikuhÏtsu° niäèmichi
296 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

niäèru: niäènai, nisa˙satsu° nishidònari° nìjuuyokka nitariyòttàri,


niäeyòo, niäe- nisa˙jìka˙ Nishinihò˙ nijoo° nitàri yottàri
màsu, nìäete, nisà˙chi nishinòuchi Nìjoo° nìda˙
niäèreba, niäèro nisa˙do° nishinomaru° Nijòojoo nida˙äàmae
niäe˙° nisà˙nichi Nishinomiya° nìshoku nida˙nuki°
niäe˙ki˙° nisa˙ni˙° nishÏhà˙kyuu nijirìäuchi nida˙mè
niäè˙ro˙ nisa˙ne˙° nishibi° nijiridèru° Nichiäi˙°
nìkoo nisa˙be˙° nijihootèeshÏki nijiriyòru° nichiäi˙ta˙ka˙°
nìäoo nisa˙bo˙° NishÏhò˙äa˙ji nijiru°, -shi- nichiäeki°
nikoäe° nìshi nijìmasu° nijìru nichìäe˙
nikoäori° niji° rainbow nijimidèru° nijìrushi nìchiji
niäòshirae nìji secondary nijìmu nishi˙° double- nichijoo°
niäòsu Nishii˙doshòtoo nishimuki° faced, postscript nichijoosàha˙
nikochi˙° Nishioäi°: Ni- nishime° nìshi˙ herring nichijoosahà˙ji
nikochi˙chùu- shiòäìkubo nishime° nishì˙too nichijoosèekatsu,
doku nijikai° nishimèru nishi˙hoo° -èi-
nìkoniko nishÏkazè° nìsha nìsu Nichidai°
nikonikoäao° nishiäata° nishakù nisui° nìchidoku
nikoborèru Nishiäàhara nishakuzashi° nizùkuri nichinichi°
nikopo˙° NishÏkàwa Nishiyama° nizumì° nichinichisoo°
nikomi° nishiäawa° nìshu nisù˙° nìchibu°
nikomiodè˙ nishÏkawaryuu° nijuu° double, nise° nìchifÎtsu
nikòmu nijìka˙ dual niseàkàshia nìchibee°, -ei
nikòyaka nijika˙mè nìjuu twenty nìsee, -ei nichibotsu°
nikoyo˙° nìshÏki nìjuuichidaishuu niseäane° nìchiya
niäoràsu nìjiki nijuuùtsÎshi nisekubi° Nichiyòo
nikòrì nishÏkìe nijùue˙ nisesatsu° nichiyoogàka
niäorì nishÏkìäi nijuukàkaku nisemono° nichiyoogàkkoo
niäorìe nishÏkìäoi° nìjuu sà˙nichi niseru° nichiyoodàiku
niäorìzake nishikÏta° nìjuushÏkoo nisè˙ Nichiyòobi
niäoru: niäorà- nishÏkitàmàäo nijùushoo nise˙e˙° nichiyòohi˙°
nai, niäoròo, nishÏkìhèbi nijuujì˙kaku nise˙ni˙° nichoomè°
niäorimàsu, nishiäuchi° nijuusèekaku, -èi- nìsoo° nichìri˙°
niäòtte, niäòre- nijìäe˙ nijùusoo nisokÎsà˙mo˙ Nìchìre˙°
ba, niäòre NishÏkokubu˙ji° nijùudai nìsokunowaraji Nichirè˙shuu
nikoroäashi°, -kk- nijish˜kè˙ nijuuchòobo nidai° Nichirosè˙soo
niäo˙° nishìjin, Nishìji˙ nijuudori° nidaimè° nikka°
nìsai nishiji˙ori° nijùuni˙ nìtaki nìkkaa
nisàiäoma nijisèechoo, -èi- nijùune˙ nidashi° nikkai°
nizàkana° NishÏtama° Nijùubashi nidashijìru nikkahyoo°
nìsatsu NishÏtamàäu˙ nìjuuhasshÎku nidàsu nitsÎkawashìi
nisàbaki nijùssai, -jì- nijùubyoo nitatàsu nikka˙° daily
nizàmashi° nijussèeki, -ji-, -èi- nijùubuta° nitàtsu publication
nìsa˙ nijùppu˙, -jì- nijuumàdo nitatèru nìkka˙ Japan “
nisa˙kai° nijùppo˙, -jì- nijùumaru nìtanita Korea
nisa˙kàäetsu nijiteki° nijuumàwashi nitamonofùufu nikkà˙shi
nisa˙katà˙so Nishidòitsu nijùuma˙ nitari° nikka˙shì˙bu˙
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no 297

nikka˙teki° Nìtta YoshÏsàda NìtobeInazoo nihyakùni˙ niho˙sà˙kee, -ei


nikki° nìcchi Nidomè° nihyakùne˙ nihò˙shi°
nikkÏchoo° nìcchimo sàcchi- nitogurisèri˙° nihyakÎhatsÎka° niho˙shÏki°, nip-
nikki˙bù˙äaku mo ninà nihyakumà˙ po˙-
nikkyuu° nicchuu° daytime ninaitè° nìbyoo niho˙sh˜shuu
nikkyuugèkkyuu nìcchuu Japan ninàu nihirìsÎto niho˙shu°
nikkyoo° “ China nini˙äume° nihirìzumu Niho˙shòki
nikkyòoso nicchoku° nini˙sà˙kyaku nìhiru Niho˙jòshidai
nikki˙° nittee°, -ei° ninì˙shoo nìbu Niho˙shìriizu
nikkunèemu nitte˙° nini˙mae° nibùi: nìbukat- Niho˙jì˙, Nip-
nitsÎke° nìtto ninuki° ta, nìbuku, ni- po˙-
nikkee°, -ei° dai- nittoo° nìnushi° bùkÎte, nìbu- Niho˙dàabii
ly account nìppaa ninuri° kereba, nìbushÏ niho˙date°
nìkkee°, -ei° cin- nippoo° nìne˙ nibugàsshoo niho˙cha°
namon Nippori° nine˙see°, -ei° nifÎkumèru niho˙tèee˙, -èie˙
nikkeehyoo°, -ei- Nippò˙ second year nibùsaku niho˙tènuäui
nikkèere˙, -èi- Nippò˙ichi student nìfuda° Niho˙tèrebi
nikkeru° Niho˙gì˙koo, ninè˙see, -ei nìbune niho˙too°, nip-
nitsÎkèru Nippo˙- sophomore nibùru po˙-
Nikkoo° Japan Niho˙äo°, Nip- ninoashi° nìfu˙ niho˙nòoe˙
Airlines po˙äo° ninoudè° nibu˙° Niho˙bashi°
nìkkoo, Nìkkoo Nihò˙koku, Nip- ninokawari° nibu˙noichì niho˙bare°, nip-
sunlight, sun- pò˙- ninokù° nibè po˙-
shine, place in Niho˙jì˙ ninòji nihòo niho˙fuu°
Japan niho˙dà˙ji ninòze˙° niboshi° niho˙bùyoo
Nikkookàidoo Nippo˙hòosoo ninotsuäì NihonàrupÎsu, niho˙bù˙äaku
nikkòoyoku Nippòn hoosoo- ninòtori Nippo˙- nihò˙boo
nikkòri kyòokai ninomai° nihò˙ichi niho˙ma°
Nissa˙° nitsumàru ninomaru° niho˙äa° Niho˙ryooìki
nisshi° diary nitsumèru Ninòmiya Sò˙- Nihò˙kai, Nip- Niho˙ryòori
nìsshi (number niidiikèe toku pò˙- Niho˙rèttoo
of) days nitehì nìnòya niho˙kàikoo nìmai
nissha° nìto nìhai niho˙gàishi nimàiochi
nisshabyoo° nìdo nibai° Niho˙kàiryuu nimaiori°
nisshuu° nitòo° nihàizu niho˙äami° nimàiäai
nisshòoki nitòoshi˙ nìbako niho˙kìi˙ nimaiäàsane
nisshòoke˙ nitoodate° nibàsha niho˙kìroku, nimaikà˙ba˙
nisshoku° nitoobu˙° nibana° nippo˙- nimàiäushi
nisshi˙gèppo nitòohei nìba˙ Niho˙äì˙koo, nimàijita
Nisshi˙sè˙soo nitooryuu° niba˙sè˙ji Nippo˙- nimaimè
nissùu nidozaki° nibà˙cha niho˙ke˙° nimame°
Nisseegèkijoo, -ei- nidosà˙do niba˙mè niho˙kè˙chÏku nimà˙
Nisseki° Japan- nidodema° nibiiro° niho˙äo° nìmee, -ei
ese Red Cross nidòtofÎtatabi nibìtashi Niho˙kòokuu nìme˙
Society nidotomo° nihyaku° niho˙äokyòoiku nimòosaku
nìsseki° day “ nidone° nihyakùe˙ niho˙zashi° nìmotsu
night nidònotsÎtome nihyakÎtooka° niho˙zàru nimotsÎhàkobi
298 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

nimono° nyuushi° entrance nyuutòrino nyoobòyaku° niwakanàriki˙


nyàanyaa examination Nyùuto˙ joka˙°, nyo- niwakamèkura
nìyaki nyùushi milk nyuune˙° nyòkinyoki niwaki°
nìyaku° tooth nyuubai° Nyoäoäàshima niwakido°
niyakèru nyùuji nyuuhàkÎshoku nyòjitsu° niwakÎsa°
niyasu° Nyuujiirà˙do nyùubachi nyooshoo° niwaäuchi°
niyàkkai nyuujìi˙ nyuuhi° nyotai° niwaäeta°
nìyaniya nyuushÏtsu° nyuufu° nyokkìri niwasaki°
niyàrì nyuushÏtsu° nyuubu° nyoni˙° niwàshi
nyùa˙su nyuushìboo nyuufàssho˙ nyòni˙ki˙zei°, -ee° niwashìäoto
nyùu nyuusha° nyuufèesu nyobo˙° niwazùtai
nyuui˙° nyuujaku° nyùuboo° breast nyòrai° niwasòoji
nyuui˙kà˙ja nyuushash˜kè˙ nyùuboo pestle niyori° niwatsıkùri
nyuuì˙hi nyùushu° nyuumaku° nyòronyoro niwatsùzuki
nyuuì˙ryoo nyuujuu° nyuumyùujikku nirà niwatsÎchi°
nyuuee°, -ei° nyuujuku° nyùumu ni˙ramì niwatoko°
nyùueki nyuusho° nyuumetsu° niramiai° niwatori°
nyuue˙° nyuujoo° nyuumèdia niaramiàu° nìwari
nyuuè˙ryoo nyuujòoke˙ nyùume˙ niramitsÎkèru° nì˙
nyuuka° nyuujòoshÏki nyuumo˙° niràmu: niramà- -ni˙°, -ni˙: ka˙-
nyuukai° nyuujòosha nyuumo˙shò° nai, niramòo, äòni˙°
nyuukaku° nyuujòozee, -ei nyuuyoo° niramimàsu, nì˙i°
nyuuäaku° nyuujòoryoo Nyuuyòoku nirà˙de, nirà- nì˙ishıttoo
nyuuäakùshÏki nyuushoku° nyuuyòoji meba, niràme nì˙ka°
nyuuäakush˜kè˙ nyuushi˙° nyuuyoku° niramèkko niäai°
nyuuäakùna˙ nyùusu nyuuyokùzai° nira˙see°, -ei° ni˙ka˙°
nyuuka˙° nyuusui° nyuurai° niritsÎhaiha˙° ni˙ki° popular-
nyùuäa˙ nyuusuèeäa, -èi- nyuuraku° niryuu° ity
Nyuugìnia° nyuusÎkyàsÎtaa nyuuryoo° nirì˙sha ni˙ki° service
nyuuäyuu° nyuusıshòo nyuuryoku° niru°: ninai°, ni- term
nyuukyo° nyuusÎsòosu nyuurùkku yòo, nimàsu, ni- nì˙kÏkàäyoo
nyuukyoo° nyuusubàryuu nyuuroo° te°, nirèba, nirò ni˙kÏshòobai
nyùuäyoo nyuusèehi˙, -èi- nyuuwa° nirui° ni˙kÏtòohyoo
nyuukyoku° nyuuseki° nyòi nirùishu ni˙k˜tori
nyuukyòsha nyuuse˙° nyoìboo° nirùida ni˙kimono°
nyuuki˙° nyuutai° nyuuiri˙kà˙no˙ nìre ni˙kiyàkusha
nyuuko° nyuutàii˙ nyoi˙° nìretsu nì˙kyo
nyuukoo° nyuutàu˙ nyòo nire˙juu° nì˙äyo
nyuukoku° nyuuda˙° nyòoi nirokujichuu° ni˙kyoo°
nyuuäoku° nyuuchoo° nyòoäo niwa° garden ni˙äyoo°
nyuukokukà˙ri nyuutee°, -ei° nyoosa˙° nìwa two birds ni˙äyòoäeki
nyuuko˙° nyuute˙° nyoosh˜kki˙ niwaishi° ni˙äyooshìbai
nyùuzai° nyuude˙° nyòoso niwaìjiri ni˙äyoojòoruri
nyuusatsu° nyuutoo° nyoodoo° nìwaka Ni˙äyoochoo°
nyuusa˙° nyùudoo nyoodòkıshoo niwakàame ni˙äyootsıkài
nyuuza˙° nyuudòoäùmo nyòobo, -oo niwakaäòshirae ni˙äyooburi°
nyuusà˙ki˙° nyùutoraru nyoobokòtoba niwakajìkomi ni˙äyòhime
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no 299

nì˙ku nì˙chuu° nuimè nuäisÎte° nukedàsu


ni˙äe˙° ni˙tee°, -ei° autho- nuimònò nuäisÎtèru° nukedèru
ni˙äe˙kà˙kee, -ei rization, ack- nùimo˙° nukizuri° nukeni°
ni˙äe˙äìrai nowledgment nùu: nuwànai, nukidàsu nùkenùke
ni˙äe˙kòoäaku nì˙tee°, -ei° per- nuòo, nuimà- nuk˜tsu nukarè- nukemàiri
ni˙äe˙kòkÎho sonal appear- su, nùtte, nùe- tsu nukemichi°
ni˙äe˙see°, -ei° ance ba, nùe nukÏte°, nukide° nukeme°
ni˙äè˙zoo nì˙doo nùudo nukÏtòosu nukeru°: nuke-
ni˙äe˙teki° ji˙tòozee, -ei nùudoru nukÏtori° nai°, nukeyòo,
ni˙äe˙dòkku ni˙toku°, ji˙toku° nùubòo nukÏtòru nukemàsu, nu-
ni˙äe˙nami° Ni˙tokÎte˙nòo nùe nukini° kete°, nukerè-
ni˙äe˙bànare ni˙niku° nuetàiji nukÏhanàsu ba, nukerò
ni˙äè˙mi° nì˙pi nukà nukÏhanàtsu nuäèru: nuäènai,
ni˙äe˙waza° ni˙pìni˙° nùgaa nukimi° nuäemàsu, nùäe-
nì˙äoku° nì˙fu nukaàme nukimo˙° te, nuäèreba
nì˙sa˙bakeshÏchì nì˙pu nukasu°: nukasa- nukiyomi° nùsa
ni˙sà˙pu ni˙betsu° nai°, nukasòo, nikiwata° nùshi
ni˙shÏki° ni˙betsuchoo° nukashimàsu, nuki˙dèru nushiya°
ni˙shÏkifÎsoku° ni˙be˙° nukashÏte°, nu- nuku°: nukanai°, nusÎttò°
ni˙shÏkibùso nì˙poo kasèba, nukasè nukòo, nuki- nusubito°
ni˙shÏkìro˙ ni˙màri nukazùku màsu, nuite°, nusumì
ni˙ja nì˙pu nukazuke° nukèba, nukè nusumìashi
ni˙juu° ni˙mee°, -ei° nukadoko° nùäu: nuäànai, nusumiäiki°
nì˙jutsu Ni˙me˙° nukabàtaraki nuäòo, nuäi- nusumìäui°
ni˙shoo° ni˙me˙juushi˙°, nukabùkuro màsu, nùide, nusumiäuse°
nì˙joo ji˙- nukamiso° nùäeba, nùäe nusumiäòkoro
ni˙joozata° ni˙yoo° nukamisozuke° nuäuisàru° nusumidàsu°
ni˙shòoshÏki nùi nukayòrokobi nuäuitòru° nusumitòru°
ni˙joobànashi nuiaäèru° nukari° nuäùu nusumimi°
ni˙joobo˙° nuiawasèru° nukaru° nùkunuku nusumimìru°
ni˙jòomi° nuiito° nukarumi° nukumarì° nusumiyomi°
ni˙jìru° nuikaeshi° nukarumu° nukumàru nusumiwàrai
ni˙shi˙° nuikàesu° nuki° crosspiece nukumì nusùmu: nusumà-
ni˙ji˙° nuikàtà nùki without nukùmu nai, nusumòo,
ni˙shi˙chùuze- nuiäurumi° nukiashi° nukumèru nusumimàsu,
tsu° nuiko° nukiashÏsashia- nukumorì° nusù˙de, nusù-
nì˙zuu, -zu nuikomi° shi° nukumòru meba, nusùme
nì˙soo nuikòmu nukiawasèru nuke° nutà
ni˙sooäaki° nuishiro° nukiìto° nukeaäàru nutakùru
ni˙sòomi nuitsÎkèru° nukiuchi° nukeana° nùtto°
ni˙soku° nuidomari° nukiuchÏkàisa˙ nukeura° nuno°
nì˙tai nuitori° nukièmo˙ nukeäake° nunokire°
ni˙tàiryoku nuinaoshi° nukieri° nukeäara° nunoko°
ni˙chì° two days nuinaòsu° nukiäaki° nukekawàru nunozàrashi°
nì˙chi recogni- nuihaku° nùäiki nukeäe° nunoji°
tion nùihari nuk˜sàshi nukesaku° nunobiki°
ni˙chishoo° nùìbari nukÏsàru nukeji° nunobùkuro
300 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

nunome° màsu, nutte°, neiki° neäakè nekojàrashi


nubatama°, uba- nurèba, nurè neejitsu°, nei- neäasa° nekòze
numà nurùi: nùrukat- neisu° nekasu° nekòsoäi°
Nùmazu ta, nùruku, nu- nèichaa nekaseru° nekokkàburi
numachi° rùkÎte, nùruke- nèitibu nekatà° neäoto°
nùme white satin reba, nùrushi nèimo° neäattarikanàt- nekonadeäòe
numè slime nuruka˙° neirikòmu° tari, neäàttari nèkonohitai
numerì nurude° neiribana° kanàttari nèkonome
numèru nurunuru° slip- neìru nègatibu nekobaba°
nùranura pery neiro° nèkabu nekomi°
nurasu°: urasa- nùrurnuru neùäoki neäara° nekòmu
nai°, nurasòo, slimy, clammy neuchi° neäàwàkuwa nekoyànaäi
nurashimàsu, nurumàyu nèe neäawashìi neäoro°
nurashÏte°, nu- nurùmu nèesa˙ neka˙°, -ä- nekoroäàru, -kk-
rasèba, nurasè nurùyu° neesa˙kàburi nèäi nekoròbu
nùranura nure° neebiiburùu Nèäishi nesaäari°
nuràrikurari nureiro° nèeburu NeäishÏse˙° nesaäe°
nuri° nurèe˙° neemi˙äu° neäibàtake nezake°
-nuri°: Urushi- nureòchiba nèemu neäibòozu nèzasa
nuri° nureäami° neemubàryuu neäimà° nezashi° tone
nuriaäe° nureäìnu° nèeya neäiràu quality, timbre
nuriaäèru nureäoto° Nèeru, Nèru nekirì nezashì taking
nuriita° nureäotòshi neò nekirìmushi root, root
nurie° nuresobòtsu neoi° neäìru cutting
nurikae° nuretsùbame neoki° waking up neäiwa° nezàsu
nurikàèru nurete° nèoki to live in neäùsare nezame°
nuriäàsa urenèzumi the same house nekùzure nezaya°
nuriäùsuri ureba° neoshi° neäuse° nèji
nurikèsu nurebairo° neo˙ nèkÎtai nejiakèru°
nuriäata° nurebùki˙ neo˙sài˙ nekÎtàipi˙ nejiaäèru°
nurikokùru nurebòtoke nèäa nekÎtarèäami nejikìru
nuriäome° nureru°: nure- neäài nekubi° nejìkuäi
nurikomèru nai°, nureyòo, neäaiaäèru° neäura° nejikùru
nurìshi nuremàsu, nu- neäaiide° neäurìje° nejikurèru
nùshi rete°, nurerèba, neäaigotò° neäurushìi nejikèru
nuritakùru nurerò neäaisaäèru° negurèkÎto nejikòmu
nuritate° nè neäaide° nèko neshizumàru
nuritatèru -nè, -ne: nakunè, neäaidèru° nekoashi° neshina°
uritsÎkèru yòmune, akainè neäàìnushi nekoita° nejihachìmaki
uritsubùsu neaäari° rise in neäàu: neäawà- nekoìrazu nejifusèru°
nurinaòsu prices nai, neäaòo, ne- nekokàburi, -kkà- nejimaäèru°
nurìbàshi neàäari neagari äaimàsu, neäàt- nekokàwaiäari, nejimàwashi
nurìbo˙° style te, neäàeba, ne- -kkà- nejimukèru°
nurimono° neaäarimàtsu äàe nekoäì nejime° to tune
nuriwa˙° neakìru neäaerì° neäòkochi° up
uru°: nuranai°, neaäe° neäàèru neäoza° nejimè to fix
nuròo, nuri- nease° neäao° nekòjita° transplanted
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no 301

tree neda˙° necchuu° nebarinùku° nemuriäùsuri


nejimodòsu° neda˙hyoo° necchuushoo° nebàru nemurikokèru
nejiyama° nechiäàèru necchìri neha˙° nemurikòmu
neshòoäatsu nèchinechi netsÎppòi nehà˙e nemuribyoo°
neshoobè˙ netsù nettetsu° nebiki° discount nemuru°: nemu-
nejirihachìmaki netsuai° netsudè˙doo nèbiki redemp- ranai°, nemu-
nejìru nètsui nètto net tion ròo, nemuri-
nejirè netsuenèrùgii netto° internet nebikì uprooting màsu, nemut-
nejirèru netsue˙° nètsùdo nebìraki te°, nemurèba,
nejiro° nekkachìifu nettoura° nebukài nemurè
nèzu, Nèzu nekkara°, neka- nettoo° nebùkuro° nemureru°
nesùäata netsuäa˙° nettòri nebùsoku° nemetsÎkèru°
nesuäìru nekki° nettowàaku nefuda° nemotò
nezùku netsÎki° nèppa nebuto° nemonoäàtari
nezukòo netsuäì netsubàmu nebumi° nèya
nesuäòsu nekkètsıka˙ netsùbyoo° nefuròoze nèyuki°
nezunobà˙ netsÎkìkyuu neppùu° nebeya° nerai°
nezùmari nekkyoo° netsube˙° neboo° neraiuchi°
nezumi° nekkyooteki° netsuboo° nebokeäao° neraidokoro°
nezumiìrazu nèkku netsùryoo nebokezura° nerau°: nerawa-
nezumiiro° netsùku netsurui° nebokenàmako nai°, neraòo,
nezumiòtoshi nèkkuresu netèmosametemo nebokèru neraimàsu, ne-
nezumiäàeshi netsÎkè nedòi hàdoi nebòsÎke ratte°, neraèba,
nezumikoo° nekketsu° nedòoäu netòboke neraè
nezumikozòo netsùäe˙° nedoko° nèhori hàhori, nerì
nezumìza˙ nekkètsıka˙ nedoshi° nehorihàhori neriaäèru°
nezumìtori nekkò nètoneto nèma nerìashi°
nezuminaki° nèssa netobokèru nemaki° neriarùku°
nezùmori netsÎsàmashi netòmari nemachi° neriawàsu°
nezuyòi nesshabyoo° netori° nemàwashi neriawasèru°
nezoo° nesshoo° netòru nemàwari neria˙°
nesobirèru netsujoo° nenaòsu nemidarèäami neriìto°
nesobèru netsujooteki° nenashì° nemimi° neriùni°
neta° netsÎshòri nenashìäusa nèmu, nèbu nerìe°
nèda nèsshì˙ nènokuni nemui°: nemù- neriòshiroi
nedai° nessùru° nenòhi katta, nemu- nerikatamèru°
nedaita° nessee°, -ei° Nepàaru ku°, nemùkÎte, neriäàrashi
netakiri° nesse˙° nebatsÎku° nemùkereba, neriäinu°
netaba° netsuzoo° nebakkòi nemùshÏ nerikiri°
netàbako nettai° nebatsÎchi° nemuke° neriäùsuri
netamashìi nettaiùri˙ nèbaneba nemukezàmashi nerikùyoo
netamì nettàiäyo nehaba° nemutai° nerìkoo
netàmu nettaishokùbutsu nebarì nèmunoki, nèbu- nerikòmu
nedame° nettaich˜hòo nebarikè° nemurasu° nerisèehi˙, -èi-
nedàyashi° nettaiteekìatsu, nebarizuyòi nemuraseru° nerinaoshi°
nedari° -ei- nebaritsıku° nemuri° nerinaòsu°
nedàru nettàiya nebarikkè° nemurìäusa nerihamìäaki
302 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

neribee°, -ei° ne˙za° ne˙bàrashi culture nòoji


Nerima° ne˙sa˙° ne˙bà˙äa˙ nooäàkıshi noojishÏke˙joo°
Nerimàku nè˙shi ne˙pi° nooäakudoo° nòoshu
nerimadàiko˙ nè˙ji ne˙byakunè˙juu nooäakÎhàkase noojùuketsu
nerimiso° ne˙shÏki° ne˙pyoo° nooäakÎhàkÎhi nooshÎku°
nerìmono ne˙jìbutsu ne˙pu° nooäàkùbu nooshÎkuùra˙
neriyòoka˙ ne˙shimàwari ne˙butsu° nookasùitai° nooshıkketsu
neru°: nenai°, ne- nè˙ju ne˙butsuzà˙mai nooäàkoo, -kà- nooshùyoo
yòo, nemàsu, ne˙shuu° ne˙bùtsıshuu nooka˙° noosho°
nete°, neròo, nè˙juu ne˙butsudoo° nookà˙ki nooshoo°
nerimàsu, nèt- ne˙juugyòoji, ne˙betsu° nòoki noojòo°
te, nèreba, nère ne˙chuu- ne˙poo° nookìäu noojòoshu
nerèru ne˙shÎtsu° nè˙maku Nookyoo° nooshòozoku
newakè ne˙sho° signed ne˙matsu° nòoäyoo nooshì˙kee, -ei
newaza° memorandum ne˙matsÎchòo- Nooäyookyoodoo nooshì˙too
newara° nè˙sho begin- see, -ei° kùmiai nòozui
nè˙ ning of year ne˙yu° nookyòoäe˙ Noosùishoo
ne˙aki° ne˙shoo° nè˙rai° nooäyooshÏke˙joo° noosurìibu
ne˙ake° ne˙shòosha nè˙ri° nooäyookòokoo noosee°, -ei°
ne˙irì° ne˙jiyòsa˙ nè˙riki° nooäyooyòosui noosee°, -ei°
nè˙eki° ne˙jìru° ne˙ritsu° nooki˙° noozèesha, -èi-
ne˙ekìshÏtsu ne˙sùu ne˙ryòo nòoäu nooseemàhi, -ei-
ne˙oshi° ne˙zùru° ne˙ri˙° nòoäee°, -ei° noosekizuima-
nè˙äa° ne˙see°, -ei° ne˙ree°, -ei° nooäeekàäaku, -ei- kùe˙
ne˙kai° ne˙dai° ne˙rèesoo, -èi- noogèemu nooze˙kàzura
ne˙äaku° ne˙dàiki nò nooäèka noosòcchuu
ne˙äàjoo° ne˙daimono° noàzami nookèsse˙ nooso˙°
ne˙äàppi ne˙chaku° noàsobi nookoo° noosò˙bu
ne˙äahàäaki ne˙chakùryoku Nòanohakobune nookòosoku nooso˙mò˙dai
ne˙äaranè˙juu ne˙choo° noizu° nookotsu° Noodai°: Noo-
ne˙ka˙° ne˙chòosha noìchiäo nookotsudoo° äyoodàiäaku
ne˙äà˙° ne˙te˙° noìbara nookòme˙to nootàimu
ne˙ki° nè˙doo noiròoze nooko˙° nootàcchi
ne˙kiake° ne˙too° noùsaäi noosai° nòota˙°
ne˙kibòokoo ne˙doäàwari nòo noosàiboo nòochi
ne˙kyuu° ne˙dozàiku nooàiro˙ noosàäyoo Noochiiì˙kai
nè˙äyo ne˙dohàjime nooàuto noosaku° noochÏkàikaku
ne˙äyoku° ne˙dòmatsu nooìshoo noosakùbutsu nòochuu
ne˙ki˙° nè˙nai nooìkketsu noosatsu° nootè˙
ne˙äù° nè˙ne nooe˙° noosa˙° nootè˙ki
ne˙äumai° ne˙nèko nòoka noosà˙kyuu nòoto
nè˙äetsu ne˙nekobà˙te˙ nookai° noosà˙so˙ nòodo
ne˙äè˙ ne˙ne˙° nookàu˙to noosà˙butsu noodoo°
ne˙koo° ne˙ne˙saisai° nooäakì° nòoshi° brain noodooteki°
ne˙äòo ne˙notamè° nooäaku° Noh death noodòkku
ne˙koojòretsu ne˙tai° play nòoshi imperial nootopàsoko˙
ne˙äoro° ne˙bàrai nòoäaku° agri- family robes nootobùkku
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no 303

Nootorùdamu noorìtsıkyuu nokoriòòi nozokìana° nokkè°


nootore° nooryoo° nokorioshìi nozokÏkàrakuri nokkeru°
noonaishıkketsu nòoryoku nokorìäa nozokÏkòmu nossòri
noonashi° nooryòkıkyuu nokorikàsu nozokimàdo nottori°
noonashizàru nooryòkısha nokorisıkùna nozokimi° nottòru
noona˙kàshoo noori˙° nokorisÎkunai nozokimèäane nòhara, nòppa-
noonyuu° Noorì˙shoo nokorìbi nozoku°: nozoka- noppÏki°
noonèkÎtai Noori˙suisà˙- nokorimonò° nai°, nozokòo, noppèe°, -èi°
noonòo shoo nokòru: nokorà- nozokimàsu, noppèràboo
nòoha noäai° nai, nokoròo, nozoite°, nozo- noppèri
nòohau noäàsu nokorimàsu, kèba, nozokè nòppo
noohà˙ki nòkaze nokòtte, nokò- nosòdachi note˙°
noohÏtsu° noäarèru reba, nokòre nòsonoso note˙buro°
nooh˜tto noki° noko˙no° nozomashìi° Nòto
Noobihèeya, -èiya noäi° nosabàru nozomì° nòdo
noobyoo° nòäiku nozàrashi nozomiusu° nòdoka
noohi˙° Noäìzaka° Nozawa° nozomìäoo nodòkubi
noohì˙ketsu nokÏsaki° nozawàna nozomishìdai nodoäoshi°
noohi˙shò° nokishÏta° noshì nozomitè° nodojìma˙
nòofu° payment, nokÏshìnobu nòji nozomidòori nodochì˙ko
delivery noäìsu° noshiaäàru° nozòmu Notohà˙too
nòofu farmer, noäìtsune noshiaäèru° nozomùrakuwa nodòbiko°
peasant nokidoi° noshiàwabi nodàiko nodòbùe
noofÎki˙° nokinami° noshÏkakàru° notauchimawà- nodobòtoke
noobùtai nokinarabi° noshìäami ru° nodòmoto°
nòoburu nokiba° noshibùkuro notaùtsu nodòyaka
noohee°, -ei° nokibata° nojimìzaki notakùru nodowa°
Nooberùshoo noäihe˙° noshimè nòdachi nonaka°
noobe˙° noku° noshìmochi nodatè° nonèzumi
noohoo° nòäusa nòjuku notamàwaku nònòsama
nooho˙shùäi nokÎtàa˙ Nòshiro notamàu nonòji
noomakùe˙ Nòäuchihideyo noshironuri° notamòo nonoshirì°
nòomaru nokezòru nòsu notàrinotari nonoshìru
noomìso nokemono° nòzue° notarèjini° nobàkama
noomitsu° nokeru° -nòsÎke°: Kura- nochì° nobàsu
noomi˙° nòko nosÎke° nochìza˙ nobato°
noomi˙bù˙äaku nokoäìrì nosÎtàrùjia nochijite° nòbana
nòomu nokoäiribiki° nosÎtàrujii nochizoi° nobànashi
noome˙° nokokùzu nozumi° nochinochi° nòhara
noomòa° nokòsu: nokosà- nòzura° nochìnotsÎkì nòbara
nooyaku° nai, nokosòo, nozuru° nochinoyò° nòbi to burn
nooyàkÎsha nokoshimàsu, noseru°: nosenai°, nochÏhodo° dead grass
nooyòochi nokòshÏte, no- noseyòo, nose- nokkaru° nobì growth,
noora˙° to wor- kòseba, nokòse màsu, nosete°, nokkìru spread
ry, to anguish nòkonoko noserèba, noserò nòkku nobiaäàru°
nòora˙ no run nokòrazu nozokaseru° nokkuàuto nobizàkari
nooritsu° nokorì nozoki° nokkudàu˙ nobìchijimi°
304 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

nobinayami° nobòtoke nomitsubùsu° noriai° norinaràsu


nobinayàmu° nohohò˙ nomitsuburèru° noriaijidòosha norinarèru
nobinobi° to be nobori° nomitè noriaibùne noriniäe°
postponed, to noborìori nomidè° noriaäèru norinùkì
be put o‡ noborìäama nomitòmodachi noriawàsu noriba°
nobinòbi to feel noborikìru nomitòrì noriawasèru norìbake
at ease noborìkudari° nomitorinàmako noriire° noribe˙°
nobìyaka noborìäuchi° nominàkama noriirèru norimaki
nòbiru° wild noborizaka° nòminàrazu noriuchi° norimawàsu
rocambole noborise˙° nominikùi noriutsùru norimawàru
nobìru to grow, noborijòoshi nominiäe° noriòkì norimono°
to get better: noboritsumèru nominèeto noriokurèru noru°: noranai°,
nobìnai, nobi- Noborito° nominòìchi norìori noròo, norimà-
yòo, nobimàsu, Noborìbetsu nominofùufu norikae° su, notte°, norè-
nòbite, nobìre- noborirèssha nomihòsu norikakàru ba, norè
ba, nobìro noboru°: nobora- nomimawashi° norikakèru Nòruwèe
nòbu nai°noboròo, nomimawàsu° noriki° norùka sòruka,
Nobuo° noborimàsu, nomimawàru° norikìru norukasòruka
Nòbuko nobotte°, nobo- nomìmizu norikumi° nòruma
Nòbùshi rèba, noborè nomìmono norikumìi˙ nore˙°
nobùdoo nomàsu momìya norikùmu norè˙shi
nobùreba nomazukùwazu nomìryoo norìkura nore˙wake°
nòbe nomasèru nòmu: nomànai, Nòriko nòro
nobeita° nòmi chisel nomòo, nomi- norikòèru noròi° curse
nobeuchi° nomì flea màsu, nò˙de, noriäòkochi° noròi slow: nò-
nobeòkuri nomiakàsu° nòmeba, nòme norikoshi° rokatta, nòro-
nobèäane° nomiarùku° Nomura° norikòsu ku, noròkÎte,
nobeäìseru nomiòtò nomèsu norikomi° nòrokereba,
nobeki˙° nomikai° nòmenòme norikòmu nòroshÏ
nobezao° nomikake° nòmeyautae norìshiro° noròu
nobejì˙i˙ nomikakèru° nomerikòmu° norizukè° nòrokÎsa
nobetara° nòmìkui nomèru norisuäòsu noroke°: onoroke°
nòbetsu nomiäùsuri Nomò˙ha˙ norisÎte° norokebànashi
nobètsubo nomikudàsu° noyakì° norisÎtèru norokèru°
nòbetsumakuna- nomìkÎchi nòyama norizume° noroshì°
shi nomìäuchi nòra lazily, idly norìsùru nòronoro
nobenìssùu nomikòoi norà field, farm norisokonàu noroma°
nobèboo° nomikomi° norainu° noridàsu noromanì˙äyoo
nobèru: nobè- nomikòmu noraäì° noricha°: nori- norowashìi
nai, nobeyòo, nomisashi° nòrakura chàzuke nowakì°, -kè°
nobemàsu, nò- nomìshiro° norashìäoto noritsùäu no˙àrukooru
bete, nobèreba, nomisuäi° noraneko° noritsÎkè° nò˙ki
nobèro nomisuäìru° noramùsÎko noritsÎkèru no˙kimonò°
nohòozu nomìsÎke noràrikurari noritsubùsu no˙kyària
nobose° nomìdai° nori° to ride norite° no˙sÎtòppu
noboseaäàru nomitaòsu° norì laver, glue, norito° no˙dakure°
noboseru° nòmichi paste noritòru no˙bà˙ku
5: na, ni, ny-, nu, ne, no 305

no˙bìri nò˙buru° nò˙bee, nò˙be no˙pori°


no˙fìkÎsho˙ no˙puro° no˙be˙daràrì
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be,
pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-)

ha° leaf, feather baàtari° baabèkyuu Bàieru baiäàeshi


hà tooth bàacharu baaberu° haie˙° haikàkì
-ha° group, party: paatsu° bàabo˙ baie˙° haikakyoo°
shi˙nichÏha° bàadii pàama: paama- bàio: baioteku- baiäaku°
ba° place, spot pàatii nè˙to, paama- nòrojii haikàäura
-ba: nakèba, paatìike˙ ne˙touèebu haioku° deserted haigasu°
yòmeba baate˙°: baatè˙- paamane˙topu- house haikatsùryoo
bàa daa rìitsu haioku°, haiòkÎ- haiäamai°
pàa haato° hàamonii ta˙° high octa- haikara°
baai° hàado haamonika°, ha- ne gasoline Baikarùko
paakaa° paato° mo- haiòtoshì haika˙°
pàaki˙äu baadouìiku bàaya paiònia° haiäa˙°
paaki˙äuèria haadouèa pàaraa baionè˙ryoo haikà˙sha
paaki˙äumèetaa baadouòcchi˙äu haari° baiorìzumu haikà˙ryoo
paaki˙so˙byoo° paatotàimaa baaru° baiorinìsÎto haiki° exhaust
haaku° paatotàimu pàaru baiori˙° ventilation,
pàaku haadodìsÎku hàaremu, hàre- bàiorètto vent, return air
hàake˙ haadotòppu hai° ash, lungs baio˙° hàiki° disposal
bàage˙: baage˙- haadotorèeni˙äu hài yes hàika haikigàsu
sèeru pàatonaa bai° haiäa° briefly haik˜koo°
baakòodo haadobòirudo -bai°: gobai°, hya- drawn picture, haik˜shu
paagora° haadobòodo kubai° haiku picture haikìbutsu
paakorèetaa haadoru° Pài hàiäa congratu- baikyaku°
pàasaa bàanaa haiaäàru° lations haikyuu°
bàasa˙: obàasa˙ Haabàado baiasu°, baiyasu° hàiäa° embryo, baikyuu°
pàaji Bàabari baiàsuro˙ germ haikyuujò°
baajo˙° baabarìzumu haia˙° baika° to double, hàikyo
bàaji˙ hàafu hàii to multiply haikyoo°
bàasudee hàabu haiiro° bàika selling haiäyoku°
baasudeekèeki hàapu haii˙° price haikyoku°
paase˙tèeji pàafekÎto bàiu hàikaa haikìryoo
paasè˙to haafÎkòoto haiuèe haikai° haiki˙°
-paasè˙to: ip- haafÎsàizu baiuzè˙se˙ haiäai° baiki˙°
paasè˙to haapushÏkòodo haiee°, -ei° baikai° hàikì˙äu
paasonàritii haafÎtàimu haieki° haikàishi bàiki˙äu
pàasonaru haabùtìi haietsu° haiäaish˜soo haiki˙äukòosu
bàataa haafumèedo, -èi- haiena° haikairè˙äa haikì˙shuu
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 307

haikì˙ryoku hàisha dentist, baise˙° haitooochi° haifai°


haikù° poem loser haise˙kàtaru haitòoki˙° haifuu°
hàiku to hike haishaku° haisè˙su haidòomyaku paipuòruäa˙
hàiäu baishaku° haise˙ba˙° haitòoritsu haifÎkì°
bàiku baishakùni˙° hàiso haitòoree, -ei hàifÎku°
haiäuu° haijàkku haisoo° haitoku° haibutsu°
haiäùusha hàiju haizoo° haidoku° haibutsukìshaku°
haikùrasu baishuu° baizoo° bàidoku° haibutsurìyoo
haiäu˙° haishÎtsu° haizoku° haitòkısha paipurài˙
haikee°, -ei° back- haishıtsıke˙ baisoku° haitòrì haiburìddo
ground, scenery haishùmi haisòkkusu haitorìäami haiburiddòsha
hàikee, -ei Dear baishu˙° haiso˙° Hàido˙ bàiburu
haiäeki° baishù˙fu haita° painàppuru haifùrui
baiketsu° hàijo bàita° hainàrashì baiburèetaa
haikèkkaku haishoo° haitai° bainiku° baipurèetaa
haikètsıshoo baishoo° baitai° hainichi° hàifu˙°
haike˙° baijoo° baidai° hainyuu° haibu˙°
haiäo° obsolete baishòoki° haitàshi˙ hainyoo° baibu˙°
word baishòofu haidàsu haini˙° haihee°, -ei°
hàiäo behind haishoku° haitàtakì hainì˙zai° haibe˙°
haikoo° baishoku° haitatsu° Hàine babe˙°
haiäoo° combi- haishi˙° haitatsÎshòo- hainetsu° haihoo°
nation haiji˙° mei, -ee hainèkku haiboo°
haiäòo° haiku baishi˙° haitatsùryoo hainoo° haibòoru
poet pseudo- baishì˙i˙ haidàrake° hàihai haiboku°
nym haishì˙ju˙ baitàritii bàibai baiboku°
haiäoohìryoo hàisu haida˙° pàipai haibokÎshùäi
haiäokà˙kee, -ei haisui° haichi° haihainì˙äyoo haiho˙°
baikoku° haisùika˙° Hàichi baipasu° baimashi°
baikòkùdo haisùikoo° HaichÏtè˙ka˙ haiha˙° hàimatsu°
haikòmu haisuinojì˙ hàichai, hàicha haiba˙° haimàmire
haizai° haisùiryoo haichaku° haiha˙ch˜kè˙ haimawàru°
haisatsu° baisùu haichoo° haiba˙ròozeki° hàimì
haizara° haisÎkùuru baichoo° hàibi haimee°, -ei°
haiza˙° haisupìido hàitsu haihìiru baimee°, -ei°
haizà˙hee, -ei° haizurimawàru haitsÎkubàu° haibìjo˙ haimetsu°
haishi° abolition haisùru haitee°, -ei° haibìsÎkasu haimè˙°
hàishi embryo, haizùru haitìi˙ haip˜cchi haimè˙zu
people's history baisùru haiteku° haibyoo° haimo˙°
hàiji haisee°, -ei° haidèru haihi˙° haimo˙ri˙pàse˙°
haishìizu˙ haiseki° haite˙° baihi˙° hàiyaa
haijìsÎtoma baiseki° hide˙° haihi˙kaishuu° bàiyaa
haishÏtsu° haisetsu° baite˙° hàifu° haiyaku°
baishÏtsu° haizetsu° haide˙shò° haibu° abolished baiyaku°
Haijimase˙° haisetsùbutsu haide˙ba˙° club baiyakuzumi°
haisha° disused haise˙° baito° hàibu rear baiyasu°, baiasu°
car haize˙° haitoo° pàipu° haiyu°
308 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

haiyuu° hae°, hai° bakàsu hakarimàsu, haäirè articula-


haiyuuza° haèàru bakàzu° hakàtte, hakà- tion
haiyoo° haekawàru° bakazura° reba, hakàre Baki˙°
baiyoo° haeäiwà° hàkase, hàkÎshi haäarèru haku° to put
haiyòru haetàtakì hàkaze° bakawàrai on, to wear:
hairàito haetòrì hakataòbi hàäanisshoo hakànai,
haira˙° haetorìäami hakataori° bàka˙su hakòo, haki-
hàiri haenawa° hakatanì˙äyoo hàki màsu, haite°,
hairìäuchi, hai- haenawagyòäyoo haäàtame haäi° patch hakèba, hakè
rìkÎchi haenuki° bakatèenee, -èinei hàäì bush clover hàku to throw
hairikòmu° paèria hakadòkoro° haäiawàsu up, to vomit,
hairitsu° haèru: haènai, hakanài haäiawase° to spit out:
bairitsu° haeyòo, haemà- hakanàmu haäiawasèru hàku, hakà-
hàiryo su, hàete, haè- bàkanisuru° bàgii nai, hakòo,
hairyoo° reba, haèro bakaninarànai, hakÏkae° hakimàsu,
bairyòo° pàozu bàkani narànai hakÏkiyomèru° hàite, hàkeba,
bairi˙° haoto° haäane° hakÏkùdashi° hàke
bairì˙äaru haori° hakabà hakÏkè hàkù foil, leaf,
hàiru: hairànai, haorishÏta° pàkapaka haäìshiri prestige
hairòo, hairi- haorihakamà hakabakashìi PakìsÎta˙ haäu° to join
màsu, hàitte, haòru bakabakashìi hakisÎtèru° hàäu to tear o‡
hàireba, hàire hakà bakabànashi hakÏsòoji bàku
pàiru bàka bakabàyashi hakidashi° bàäu
hairè clog bakaàsobi hakabu° hakidashimàdo hàkua
hairee°, -ei° hakai° bàgabò˙do hakidàsu hakuai°
hairetsu° haäai° hakamà hakÏtate° hakuàka˙
hairèberu hakaikàtsudoo hakamàiri hakidame° hàkui
hàiro° hakaishi° hakamaji° hakÏchiäàèru hakui˙bòoshoo°
pàiròtto haäaijime° hàäamì hakÏchiràsu° hakuu˙°
hairo˙° hakaibù˙shi bakamono° haäitòru bakuee°, -ei°
Bàiro˙ hakàiryoku hakàmori° haäinòmochi hakue˙°
pai˙ bakauke° bakayasu° hàkÏhaki hakuoshì°
pai˙jùusu bakàäai bakayàròo haäime° bakuo˙°
bai˙daa° haäaki° haäayùi hakimono° hàkuäa
hàu hakaku° hakarài° hakimonoya° bakuäa°
hàusu bakakÎsài hakaràu hakyaku° hakuäai°
hausÎkìipaa haäàkure° bakarashìi bakyaku° hakuäaku°
hausÎsàibai hakaäe° hakaràzumo hakyuu° bakuäatoo°
hausudàsÎto bakaäèru hakarì bakyuumùkàa hakuäa˙°
hauta° bakasarèru hakarìuri° hakyoo° hakuäà˙shi
pàudaa bakasàwaäi hakariäotò° hàäyoo (verb hàäuki
bàuchaa° hàäashi hakarikòmu° classification) bakuäyaku°
haùchìwa bakajìkara hakarishirènai° hàäyoo° domina- hakuäi˙°, -g-
hautuumono° hakashò° hakariberi° tion, supremacy haäukùmu
baumukùuhe˙ bakashòojiki hakarimè° hakyoku° hakuäeki°
bau˙to° hakajìrushi hakàru: hakarà- haäire° scrap, bakuäèk˜hoo°
pau˙dokèeki haäàsu nai, hakaròo, odds “ ends hakuäè˙äaku
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 309

hakÎsai° impor- ho˙ hakunetsÎteki° flaking baketsu°


tation hakÎshi˙° hakunetsÎtoo° hakùraku° horse bàäetto, bàketto
hakÎsài° Chi- hakuji˙° hàkuba appraiser pakètto
nese cabbage bakÎshi˙° bàkÎha° HakuràkÎte˙ bakeneko°
bakÎsai° hakujì˙shu bàkÎha° hakura˙° bakenokawà
hakÎsà˙ hakÎshì˙ryoku hakubai° hàkuri small haäemashi°
hakÎshi° white hakùsu, hakısu bagupàipu profit haäemàsu
paper bakùsu, bakısu bakubaku° vast, hàkuri° exfolia- haäemì
hàkÎshi weak- hakÎsùu obscure tion haäèmu
willed, small hakÎsùru bàkubaku bang- pakùrì hakemè°
appreciation bakÎsùru ing, racing hakurik˜ nook bakemònò
token hakÎsee°, -ei° pàkÎpaku bakuryoo° bakemonoyàshÏki
hàkÎshi, hàkase bakÎsee°, -ei° hakÎhatsu° hakùryoku° haäeyama°
doctor hakÎseki° bakÎhatsu° haäùru hakèru
hakuji° hakÎsetsu° bakÎhatsùbutsu pakùru haäèru: haäè-
bakÎshi° hakÎse˙° bakÎhatsùryoku haäùruma nai, haäeyòo,
hakÎshiinì˙joo° hakuze˙° hakÎha˙° bakuretsu° haäemàsu,
hakushÏki° bakuze˙° hàkubi haäurèru hàäete, haäère-
hakÎshìäoo hàkÎso hakÎhyoo° hakùre˙ ba, haäèro
hakasèäoo hakÎsoo° hakubyoo° bakure˙° bakèru
hàkÎshijakkoo bakudai° hàkÎfu° hàkuro haäewashi°
hakujitsu° hakudatsu° bàkÎfu bàkuro hake˙°
hakujitsùmu Bagudàddo bakÎfuu° hakuroo° bake˙°
hakÎshitèkkai hakÎtà˙ hakùbutsu bakuròo° hake˙äiri°
hakÎshimò˙juu bakuda˙° hakubutsùäaku hakuroobyoo° hakè˙äu˙, -˙g-
hakÎsha° hakÎchi° hakubùtsùka˙ Haäùròsa˙ hako°
hàkÎsha° bakÎchi° hakubùtsıshi bakuro˙° haäò°
hàkuja bakÎchìuchi hakubu˙° hàkuwa haäòìta
hakÎshaku° bakuchÏku° hakÎhee°, -ei° hakuwashòosetsu haäoitàichi
hàkÎshaseeshoo, hakÎchìzu° hakÎheese˙°, -ei- hakè hakoiri°
-ei- hakÎchìbi hakÎheki° hàäe baldness, hakoirimùsume
hàkÎshu hakÎchuu° hakÎhe˙° bald-headed hakoäaki°
hàkuju hakÎchùumu hàkubo person haäoku°
bakÎshuu° hakÎchoo° swan hakÎhoo° haäè to peel o‡ hakòshi
hakujùuji hakÎchòo° raw hakÎhoojìdai haäeaäàru° haäoshi°
hàkÎshukassai recruit hakuboku° haäeàtama hakozume°
hàkÎsho bakÎchi˙° hakùmai° hakee°, -ei° hakoseko°
bàkÎsho° pakutsÎku° bakumatsu° haäèetoo, -èi- pagoda
hakujoo° heart- bakÎtèria° hakumee°, -ei° Bakèesho˙ hakòdai°
less hàkudo hakume˙° bakèäaku haäòtae
hàkujoo confes- bàkÎto byàkuya, hàkuya hakèäuchi, -kÎ- Hakodate°
sion hakÎtoo° bakuyaku° chi hakoniwa°
bakÎshoo° hakudoo° hakurai° haäeshìi Hakone°
hakujoomonò° hakudòoka bakurai° haäetaka° hakonezàiku
hakÎshoku° hakunàishoo° hakuraihi˙° haäechàbi˙° Hakoneyama°
hakÎshokujì˙shu hakunetsu° haäurakàsu haäechoro° hakobi°
hakÎshokurègu- hakunetsÎse˙° hakuraku° haäechoroke° hakobiirèru
310 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

hakobikòmu nai, hasamòo, hashÏtame° hashÎtsujò° bàjiru


hakohida° hasamimàsu, hashÏkko°, hajik- hashÎtsùfu hashiwàtashi
hakobidàsu hasà˙de, hasà- ko° basho° hasu°
hakobite° meba, hasàme hashÏkkòi bashoiri° hàzu°
hakohìbachi hazàwari bàjitoofuu hajoo° bàsu
hakobiya° hasa˙° hashìnàku Bashoo° pàsu
hakobu°: hako- hashi° end, tip, hashinui° bajoo° hasui°
banai°, hako- edge hashìbako° hajookòogeki hasuike°
bòo, hakobi- hàshi chopsticks hashìbashi hajoosùtò hasuito°
màsu, hako˙- hashì bridge hashibami° bashòofu hasùu
de°, hakobèba, hajì hashibè˙kee, -ei hashoofuu° bazùuka
hakobè hashii° hajimari° bashoäara° hazue°
hakobune° hajiìru hajimaru°: haji- bashoku° basue°
hakobe° hashioki maranai°, haji- bashodai° basugàaru
hakobera° hashÏkà maròo, haji- bashofùsaäi hasÎkai°, -kk-
hakobe˙° hashiäàkari marimàsu, ha- hashori° basugàido
hakòbore hashiäaki° jimatte°, haji- hashoru° hasÎkake°, -sÎk-
hakomàkura hashÏkara° marimàsu hashirà kake°
hakoya° hàjiki gun, hajimatte°: haji- hajirài° hazukashìi
haäoromo° piece, rod marèba, haji- hajiràu hazukashiäariya°
bàzaa hajikì small glass marè hashiràkake hazukashiäàru
hasai° or china disc hashimùkoo hashiraäòyomi hazukàshÏsa
hazàkai hajikìäane hajime° hashiràsu hazukashimè°
hazakàiki hajikidàsu° hajìmete hashirasèru hazukashimèru
hasakì° hashiäire° hajimemàshÏte hashiradòkee, -ei PàsÎkaru
hazàkura hajìku hajimeru°: haji- hajìrami hàzuki
hazashi° hashiäui° menai°, haji- hashirì hàsÎkii
basashi° hashÏkùyoo meyòo, hajime- hashiriäaki° hasuäire°
pasatsÎku° hashÏkure°, -kk- màsu, hajime- bajìriko° hazùkuroi
basabasa° dishev- hashÏkè te°, hajimerèba hashirikòmu° basÎkètto
eled hair hashìäeta° hajimerò hashirizùkai, basÎkettobòoru
bàsabasa rus- hajikèru Hashimoro° -tsùkai BasÎkodagàma
tling, flapping, hashiäo° hàsha hashiritàkatobi hazusu°
fluttering hashÏkòi, -kk- haja°, hacha° hashiridàsu° pàsÎta
pasapasa° dried hashiäòzake bàsha hashiridèru° basÎtàoru
o‡, unoiled hashiäòsha bashauma°, hashirihàbàtobi basÎtabu°
pàsapasa pow- hashiäoda˙° -a˙ma° hashirimawàru° pasÎtsùuru,
dery hashiäonomi° hashaäu° hashiriyòru° -twùuru
hazama° hashiäònori° hashiyàsume hashìru: hashirà- hasÎppa°
hasamàru hajisàrashi pàjama nai, hashiròo, basÎtee°, -ei°
hasamì hashijika° Bashàmichi hashirimàsu, pasÎteru°
hasamìuchi hajishìrasu hajaya° hashìtte, hashì- pasÎterukàraa
hasamikòmu° hashizume° bashàya reba, hashìre bàsÎto
hasamishòoäi hashÏta° hàshu hajìru: hajìnai, pasÎpòoto
hasamìbako hashÏtàäane° bàshu hajiyòo, haji- hazumaseru°
hasamìmushi hash˜tàte hashÎtsu° màsu, hàjite, hazumi°
hasàmu: hasamà- hashÏtanài bàjutsu hajìreba, hajìro hazumiäùruma
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 311

hazumu° hadairò° hadajùba˙, -jì- hataraku°: hata- hachÏsu°


hasumùkai hatàe hatajìrushi rakanai°, hata- hachidàishuu
pàzuru hadaè° hatàsu rakòo, hatara- bachidàko°
basurùumu hataòrì hatasèrukana kimàsu, hata- hachÏtàtaki
hazure° hadaka° hatachi° farm- raite°, hatara- hachìda˙
basurèe˙ hadakaìkkà˙ land kèba, hatarake° hachìdo
hazureru° hadakàuma, hàtachi twenty hata˙° hachìdoo
basuròopu -kà˙ma years of age hada˙° hachìni˙
pasuwàado hadakaòdori batachi°, bada- hata˙kyoo° hachìne˙
hàze goby hadaäake° batatsÎku° hachi° bee hachinòki
hàze, hàji wax hadaäakebùto˙ hàtato hachi° pot, skull, hachinoko°
tree hataäàshira hatatòrì crown, eight hachinòji
hasee°, -ei° hatàkaze hadanùäì bachì hachinosu°
basee°, -ei° hadakadè˙kyuu hadanùäu hachiaäe° Hachinohe°
Haseäawa° hadakanì˙äyoo hatàbàko bachiàtari hachÏhai°
baseki° hadakamàiri hatahàta° hachiàwae hachibai°
hasesa˙jìru° hadakamùäi sandfish hachiuè° pàchÏpachi
hasetsÎkèru° hadakàmushi hàtahata to hachie˙° hachìba˙
basedoobyoo° Hataäaya° flutter, to flap Hachiooji° hachìbyoo
basedooshibyoo° hadakàru° bàtabata bachiotò° hachìbu
pàseri hadaka˙boo°, -bo° pàtapata hachÏkài° hach˜fu˙
hasèru hatakì hàtàbi bachìäai hachibu˙mè°
hazèru hadaäì° bàtafurai hachiäake° hach˜ho˙
hase˙° hatakiotòsu batabòoru hachÏkàäetsu, hachìmai
base˙° hatakÏkomi° hàtamata hakkà- hachìmaki
baze˙° hatagyòoretsu hàdàmi hachiäatsù hachìma˙
hasoku° hatàku hatame° hachÏkàne˙, hachimà˙äùu
bàzoku batakÎsài hatamèewaku, hakkà- Hachimà˙tai
pasoko˙° hatake° -èi- BachÏka˙° hachima˙daibò-
pasoko˙tsùushi˙ hatakeshìäoto hatamèku hachÏkirèru satsu, hachì-
basori° hatakesùire˙ hatamòchì hachÏku° ma˙ daibòsatsu
haso˙° hatakechìäai hatamoto° sho- pàchÏkuri hachimitsu°
hata° extremity, hatakèmichi gun vassal bachÏsàbaki hachìmiri
edge hadakèru hatamotò° hachìji hachìme˙reeroo°,
hatà field, farm hataäo° hatamotoyàkko hachijìka˙ -ei-
hatà flag, banner hataäòse˙° hatàya° hachijìssai, -jù- hachime˙ròppi
hàda hatazao° batàya hachijìhiäe hachìmono
bàtaa, bàta hatasaku° batayaki° hachijùu° hachimò˙ji
pàtaa hatasàshìmono hatarakasu° hachijùue˙ hachùurui
hadaài° hdasamu° hataraki° hachijùunichi hachoo° wave-
hataaäè° hadasamùi hatarakÏkake° hachijùuni˙ length, bro-
bataashi° hadazàwari hatarakÏkakèru hachijùune˙ ken meter
bataanàifu, -tan- hadashi° hatarakiäuchi° hachijuuhachÏk hàchoo key of C
hadaare° hatashiai° hatarakizàkari àsho, -hakkà- Bàchirusu
bataaròoru, -tar- hatashìjoo° hatarakÏte° hachijuuhachìya hachiroo°
patàa˙, patà˙ hatàshÏte hatarakìbachi hachijùuma˙ Hachiròo°
hatairò° hadashimàiri hatarakimono° Hachijòojima Hachiròoäata
312 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

pachi˙ko° hakkatoo° hatsuäè˙ke˙ hasshi˙chìfÎsu battee°, ma-


pachi˙koya° hatsÎkanèzumi hakkè˙de˙ hasshì˙ni˙° batti˙äu°
hachi˙chì° hakkapàipu hatsuäè˙ryoku hassui° batteki°
batsu° compared hatsuäama° hatsuäo° bassui° battera°
condition hatsuäàminari bàkko hatsuzuri° batterii°
bàtsu punish- hatsÎkàri° hatsÎkoi° hassùru to give hatte˙°
ment, penalty, hakka˙° hakkoo° out, to issue, to hatsude˙°
clique hakkà˙zai° hakkòosha utter batte˙
hatsuàki° hatsÎkà˙setsu hakkoojò° hàssuru to hustle hatte˙ka°
hatsua˙° hakki° display, hakkòoda bassùru° hatsudè˙ki
hàtsùi demonstration hakkootai° hassù˙° hatsude˙shò°
hatsuiku° hàkki white flag hakkòodaka hassee°, -ei° hatte˙see°, -ei°
hatsuuma°, hàtsuäi° hakkooni˙° hassèeki, -èi- hatte˙tojòokoku
-tsu˙ma° hakkyuu° hatsÎkòoha˙ hasseehoo°, -ei- hàtto°
hatsue˙° hakkyoo° hakkòobi hatsÎseki° bàtto
hatsue˙too° hatsÎkyòoäe˙ hatsuäòori basseki°, ma- pàtto
hatsuo˙° pro- hakkìri hakkotsu° hatsuzèkku hatsudoo°
nunciation hakki˙° hàssai hassè˙ battoo°
hatsùo˙ intense bakki˙° bassai° hasse˙e˙° hatsudòoki
nasal: ˙ Bakkì˙gamu hassaku° hasse˙ni˙° hatsudook˜se˙
hatsuo˙kìäoo pakki˙äu° bassàri hassoo° hattòoshi˙
hatsuò˙bi˙ hàkku hassa˙° hassoku°, ho- hatsÎtòose˙
hatsuo˙fùäoo bàkku hatsùza˙ bassoku° hattotòrikku
hakka° bàggu hàsshi basso˙°, ma- pattomi°
hatsuäa° pàkku basshi° batta° Hattori°
hàkkaa bakkuàppu bajjì° battaabòkkÎsu hatsÎtori°
hakkài° bakkuguràu˙do hatsÎshio° Hatsùdai hatsunatsu°
hatsuäai° bakkusıki˙ hatsÎshìäure hatsÎtàike˙, hatsunari°
hakkàishÏki hakkÎtsu° hatsÎshimo° shotàike˙ hatsuni°
hatsÎkaèbisu pakkÎtsùaa hassha° hatsÎtake° hatsune°
hatsuäao° bakkunà˙baa hasshakù° hattatsu° hatsunetsu°
hatsÎkaoàwase bakkunètto hàsshuu hattari° hatsunòbori
hakkaku° detec- hakkubudòori hàsshuukè˙äaku battàri hatsunori°
tion, revelation bakkubòo˙ hasshoo° pattàri hatsuba°
hakkakù star bakkumìraa hatsujoo° sexual hàtta˙ happa°
anise bàkkuru° excitement, heat hàcchi Bàhha
hakkàkıkee, -ei batsuäu˙° hatsùjoo° (coil) pacchi° pàppa
hakkake° hàkke° spring bacchìi hatsubai°
hakkàäetsu hakkee°, -ei° basshoo° hacchaku° bappai°
hatsÎkashòoäatsu hakkeeròji˙, -ei- hatsujòoki hacchuu° hatsubaiki˙shi°
Bàkkasu pàkkèeji hasshòochi hàcchoo hatsubaimoto°
hakkàsui hakkèkkyuu hasshoku° Hacchoobori° hatsubaimoto°
hakkasòochi hakketsubyoo° pàssho˙ hacchoomìso happaku°
hatsÎkadàiko˙ hàkkeyoi hasshi˙° hacchoomè° hatsubasho°
hatsuäàtsuo hakke˙° hasshì˙ki hacchòoro hatsÎhana°
hakkàkkee, -ei hatsuäe˙° hasshì˙kyoku pacchìri hatsÎhàru°
hakkàte˙ bakke˙° bashi˙äu° pacchiwàaku hatsÎhi°
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 313

happi° hatsumono° hatòmune hanakà˙zashi hanajiròmu


hàppii hatsumonòäui hatomè° hanaäi° hanàsu: hanasòo,
happiiè˙do hatsumo˙° hadomè° hanàäire° hanashimàsu,
hatsubìna° hatsuyaku° bàtoru hanaki˙° hanàshÏte, ha-
hatsÎhìnode hatsuyu° pàdoru hanàäushi nàseba, hanàse
happyakù° hatsuyuki° patoròoru hanaäùsuri hanazùkÎshi
happyakùe˙ hatsuyume° patoroorùkàa hanàkubi° hanasuji°
happyakùni˙ hatsuyoo° pàtoro˙° hanaäùmori° hanasùsÎki
happyakùne˙ hatsuratsu° hatorò˙shi hanakùyoo hanazutsu°
happyakuyàchoo batsuryuu°, ma- bàto˙° hanaäùruma hanazuna°
hatsubyoo° hatsùru bato˙gàaru hanaäe° hanazumarì°
happyoo° hatsuree°, -ei° bato˙tàcchi Hànako hanazùmoo
happyòokai hàtsuro hana° nose hanaäòe° hanazura°
hàppu° hàte well, let hàna° end, tip, hanagòori hanasèru
hatsubùtai me see edge hanaäoza° hanazè˙se˙
hatsÎfuyu° hatè end hàna° the begin- hanakòtoba hanàzono°
happu˙° stimu- hadè ning hanaäòyomi hanazome°
lated, roused, pàte hanà flower hanako˙° hanada°
inspired batee°, -ei° hanaàkari hanasakajijìi hanàdai°
hàppu˙ eight bateekee°, -eikei° hanaàyame hanazàkari hanadairo°
minutes hateshì° hanaàrashi hanasaki°, -ss- hanataka°
batsubu˙° hateshinài hanaàwase hanazàkura hanatakàdàka
hatsÎho° hadezukì° hanaiki° hanashì hanatake°
happoo° foam- hàtena hanaikè° hanaji° hanatachìbana
ing, firing, hatèru hanaìbara -panashi° hanàtate°
shooting batèru hanaìrè hanashiai° hanàtàba
happòo all sides batere˙° hanairo° hanashiàite hanadàyori
bappoo° hatè˙koo hanairomòme˙ hamashiàu° hanatarashì°
happòoshu° pate˙to° hanauta° hanashÏka° hanatarè°
happoosÎchiròo- hàto hanairomòme˙ hanashìäai° hanatarekozòo
ru hatoo° hanauta° hanashÏkakèru° hanàtsu
happòodashi hadoo° hanautamàjiri hanashÏkàtà hanakkàze°
happoobìji˙ batoo° hanaùrì hanashÏkÎchi°, hanatsÎkì°
happoofısaäari hatooäàrashi hanaurimùsume hanashìkÎchi hanatsùkùri
happooyàbure batookà˙no˙ hanao° hanashiäòe° hanattsùmami°
batsuboku° patòkàa hanaozure° hanashÏkòtoba hanattsura°
hatsubo˙° hatòko hanaochì° hanashÏkòmu° hanazura°
hàppo˙ hatòzùe hanàkaäo° hanashijòozu hanappashi°
bappo˙teki° pàdòkku hanaäàsa hanashizukì° hanappashira°
hatsumàiri hatodòkee, -ei hanaäatayàkÎsha hanashidàsu° hanappari°
hatsumaäo° hatoha° hanaäàtsuo hanashÏchuu° hanatsùmari°
hatsumimi° hatoba° hanaäami° hanashÏtè° hanatsùmì
hatsumee°, -ei° hatobairo° hanaäame° hanashÏhà˙bù˙ hanadè˙sha
hatsùmee°, -ei° hatobùe° hànakara, -kk- hanashibetà° hanadokì°
hatsumeeka°, -ei- hàtopoppo hanaäara° hanashòobu hanadòkee, -ei
hatsumoo° batomì˙to˙ hanaäàruta hanajòochi˙ bànana
hatsumòode hatomùäi° Hanakàwado hanajiru° hananùsubito
314 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

hanano° hanamèäane bànira hànone kànai, habu-


hananosaki° hanamòose˙ haniwa° panorama° kòo, habuki-
hananoshÏtà hanamòji° hanui° hàha màsu, habùite,
hananomiyako° hanamochi° hanuke° haba° habùkeba, ha-
hananoyamà hanamoto° hanuke° molting bàba bùke
hanabàsami hanàmono hanukè tooth- pàpa habukèru
hanabashirà° hanamòmiji lessness babàa hàbutae, -ai
hanahazukashìi hanamòyoo hane° shuttlecock, papàiya habùcha
hanahada° hanàmori wing, feather hahàue hàpuni˙gu
hanabàtake hanàya hanè end of day hahaoya° habùrashi
hanahadashìi hanàyaka performance, hahakata° haburì°
hanababashìi hanayaäiryuu° splashes of mud habakari° papùrika
hànabi hanayàäu haneaäari° habakarisama° paburìshÏtii
hanabie° hanayàsai haneaäàru° habakarinàäara° pàburìkku
hanàbishi hanayàshÏki haneaäèru° habakàru bàburu
hanabitàikai hanayòte˙ haneokìru° habaki° Pàburofu
hanabìrà hanàyome hanekaeshi° habakÏkì° bafu˙°
hanàbusa hanayomèäo hanekàesu° hahàäimi hahee°, -ei°
hanàbusaìcchoo hanayomegòryoo hanekaeri° hahàäo° habèru
hanàfuda hanàyorida˙äo hanekàzari hahakòäusa Bàberunotoo
hanafùbuki hanàrabi hanekàsu habàtaki° hahe˙°
hanapecha° hànarè hanekàru habatàku habòoki
Pànama banare° banejìkake habatsu° habòohoo°
Panamaù˙äa hanarèuma, hanèzumi babacchìi habòta˙
hanamàäari° -è˙ma Haneda° habatòbi° haho˙°
Hanàmaki hanarekòjima Hanedakùukoo babanùkì hamà
hanàmachi hanarezàshÏki hanekkaeri° hàhanohi -hama°, -hama:
hanamàtsuri hanarèjima hanètsÎkì hahàbito° Shirahama°, Ku-
panamàboo hanarebànare hanetsÎkèru° hababiro° juukurìhama
hanamaru° hanaremonò° hanetsùrube habahiròi hamàoäi
hànami° row of hanarèya hanetobàsu° habàmu hamakàidoo
teeth, dentition hanarèru: hana- hanenokèru° hahamono° hamàkaze
hanamì flower rènai, hanare- hanèbashi habayose° hamaki°
viewing yòo, hanaremà- hanebùto˙ babaroa° hamàäuri
hanamìkyaku su, hanàrete, hanebòoki baha˙se˙° hamazùtai
hanamìzake hanarèreba, hanemawàru° habikòru hamadàràka
hanamizù° hanarèro hanemùu˙, -ni- bahÏtsu° hamachi°
hanamìzuki hanarèwaza° paneraa° pabìrìo˙ hamachìdori
hanamizo° hanawa° panerìsÎto pàpirusu Hamàchoo
hanàmichi hanikamiya° hanèru: hanè- hafu° Hamanàko
hanamìdoo hanikàmu nai, haneyòo, hàbu hamànasu°
hanamìdoki° hàniku hanemàsu, hà- pàfu hamanàttoo
hanamukè° baniku° nete, hanèreba, pàbu hamanabe°
hanamùko banishi˙äuku- hanèro Pàpua hamabè°
hanamùshiro rìimu paneru° pàfe, pàfee hamabòofuu
hanamùsubi pànìkku panerudisÎkàs- pafòoma˙su Hamàmatsu
hanàme hanyuu° sho˙ habùku: habu- Hamamàtsıchoo
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 315

hamàya hàya -de- harài to expose, to


hamayaki° hayàashi hàyato haraikiyomèru° liquidate
hamàyuu hayài: hàyakat- hayatòchiri haraikomi° harazùtsumi
hamàyuki ta, hàyaku, ha- hayanui° haraikòmu° barasÎto°
Hamarìkyuu yàkute, hàyake- hayàne haraisaäe° barazumi°
hamariyaku° reba, hàyashÏ hayanòmikomi haraisaäèru° harazùmori
hamaru° hayaimonoäachì° hayaba° haraisè° barase˙°
hàmì hayauchì° hayabamai° haraita° pàrasoru°
hamìäaki hayàuma° hayabàya haraidashi° Hàrada
hamiäàk˜ko hayaùmare, hayaba˙° haràìppai pàradàisu
hamizu° -aûma- hayabiki° harainokèru° haradatashìi
hamidàsu hayàoki hayabike° haraimodoshi° haradachì°
hamidèru hayaòkuri hayabyòoshi haraimodòsu° haradàtsu
hàmi˙äu hayaòke hayahiru° barairo° haradatèru
hàmu hayaohìru hayabusa° haraiwatashi° baradama°
-bàmu hayaäàeri hayabune°, -fune° haràu: harawà- Parachìo˙
hamuèggu hayàkaäo hayabe˙° nai, haraòo, harachìäai
hamùkai hayagàte˙, -tt- hayabori° haraimàsu, ha- parachìfÎsu
hamukàu hayaäanè° Hàyama ràtte, haràeba, baratsÎki°
hamusà˙do hayaäàwari hayamàru haràe baràkku
hamushi° hayaku° hayàmichi baraiuri° baratsÎku°
hàmùsÎtaa hayàkÎchi hayamihyoo° haràe paratsÎku°
Hàmuretto hayakÎchikòtoba hayàmimi° baràetii haratsùzumi
hamè hàyakumo hayamè° haraòbi° hàrappa
hameita° hayaäo° hayameshi° haraäake° haradòkee, -ei
hamekomi° hayakòtoba hayamèru haraäàmae paradòkkÎsu
hamekòmu hayagòha˙ hayaràsu haràkara° baràniku°
hamekoroshi° hàyasa hayarasèru haraäitanài paranòia
hametsu° hayazaki° hayarì harakìrì haranokawà
hamete° hayashì hayarìuta harakiriäàtana haranonàka
hameru°: hame- Hayashi° hayarikòtoba haraäùai haranomushi°
nai°, hameyòo, hayashÏkatà° hayarisÎtari° Pàraäùai haràbai°
hamemàsu, ha- hayashÏkòtoba hayaritàtsu° harakùdashi, -kk- harabàu
mete°, hamerè- hayashÏtatèru hayarìkko harakùdari, -kk- harahachìbu
ba, hamerò hayajìnì hayarìme paraguràidaa hàrahara
bàme˙° hayajìmai hayarimonò° pàragurafu bàrabara°
hàmo hayajimo° hayarimò˙ku haraäuro° pàrapara°
haamonika°, hayashiràisu hayariyàmai haraäuròi harabire°
ham- hayàsu hayàru haràäei°, -ee° barafu°
hamono° odd hayasuäìru° hayawàkari haraäònashi pàrafi˙°
piece, foliage hayazùkuri hayawazà° Harajuku° harapeko°
plants hayase° harà harasu° to parabora°: para-
hàmono knife, hayadashi° bara° rose inflame boraà˙tena
cutlery hayadachi° bàra separately haràsu to dis- haràmaki
hamonozà˙mai hayate° haràate° pel, to refresh baramàku
hamo˙° hayade° bàràado barasu° ballast haràmu
Hamo˙doòruäa˙ hayatemàwashi, haraàwase baràsu to kill, haramochì°
316 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

haramo˙kyoo° parìja˙ harùkaze harèesho˙ Hàroowì˙


haràrì haroshòoäa Baruka˙° Hareesùisee, -ei Haroo° Wàaku
paràrì bàrizooäo˙ haruäì° pàrèedo hàroge˙
parari˙p˜kku haritaòsu bàruku hareäamashìi bàròkku
pàrareru haridashi° harùkÎsa hareäì° pàrodii
harawàta° haridashiòozeki haruäèshÏki pàresu baromèetaa
hàra˙° haridashimàdo Hàruko haresùäata pàwaa
bara˙su° haridashiyòko- harùäo° Parèsıchina pawaaàppu
bara˙sÎshìito zuna harùäoe° haretsu° Hàwai
hari° tightening, haridàsu barukònii haretsùo˙ Hawàia˙
flare, tension haritsıku harùäoma pàrètto hawàtari
hàri needle, glass, haritsÎke° haruäòro hàrete pàwafuru
acupuncture hritsÎkèru harusakì° harèno hà˙
harì beam, gird- barìtto Baruzàkku harebàre ba˙°
er, crossbeam parìtto barusàmiko harebareshìi pà˙
Pàri, Pàrii haritsumèru harusame° harebùtai hà˙i
bària harite° pàrusu harebottài° ha˙ìnai
hariai° haritobàsu harùzemi haremà° ha˙ee°, -ei°
hariainuke° barito˙° paruchìza˙ hàaremu, hàre- hà˙eekyuuteki,
hariàu harinèzumi Hàruna haremono° -ei-
hariaäèru hribako° hàruno nanàkÎ- harèyaka ha˙eri°
bariafurìi harihàri° sa barerìina ha˙e˙°
harìi bàribari° harubasho° hareru° to swell: ha˙è˙kee°, -ei°
Parìiäu pàripari° harùbàru harenai°, hare- ha˙o˙°
harìisha harìba˙° barubu° màsu, harete°, ha˙ò˙kai
hariìta° harifudà° pàrupu harerèba, harerò ha˙ka° inexperi-
Hàriùddo haribote° harumaki° harèru to clear enced, insu‚-
harie° Hàrima Harumi° up, to be dis- ciency
barièesho˙ harimaze° harumèku pelled, to feel hà˙ka° flourish-
hariòoäi harimaya° harùmono° refreshed: ha- ing
harikae° harimise° haruyàsai rènai, haremà- hà˙ka tanka ap-
harikàèru harimè haruyàsumi su, hàrete, ha- pended to a
hariäane° harimeäuràsu haruyama° rèreba, harèro choka (long
hariäami° harimono° Haruyo° bàreru barrel poem, as a re-
bariki° hariyama° hare° swelling barèru to leak ply)
harikìru bàryuu harè fine weath- out a secret, ha˙äa°
harikùyoo barìumu, -ryùu- er, formal, to be exposed bà˙ka
barikèedo haru°: haranai°, public harèruya hà˙äaa
harikèe˙ haròo, harimà- hareaäàru° to harewatàru° bà˙kaa
hariko° su, hatte°, harè- clear up bare˙° ha˙äaasÎtoràiki
harikomi° ba, harè hareaäàru to Bare˙taìn Dèe ha˙äaabòodo
harikòmu Hàruaki swell up harè˙chi ha˙kai°
parìsai hàru ichìba˙ baree°, -ei° hare˙chìzai° ba˙kai°
harisakèru Harue° barèesho°, -èi- haroo° jailbreak, ba˙äai°
harisàshì Haruo° hareìshoo waves, billow, ha˙äàeshi
parijè˙nu hàruka bàree ballet surge ha˙kàäai
harishìäoto haruäàsumi bàree° volley hàroo hello ha˙kaku°
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 317

ha˙äaku° Hà˙äuru ba˙äoya° ha˙shòo° fire bell ha˙ze˙°


ha˙kàkumee, -ei ba˙kùruwase ba˙koyaki° ha˙jòo half-sized ba˙ze˙°
ba˙äàsa° ha˙äu˙° ha˙äoroshì° tatami mat ha˙se˙teki°
ba˙kàzu° hà˙äe ha˙ko˙° hà˙joo prosper- ha˙se˙byoo°
ba˙äata° hà˙kee, -ei ba˙ko˙° ity ha˙se˙shibyoo°
ha˙kàchi° pa˙kèeki ha˙äò˙koo° ba˙shoo° hà˙so
ha˙kàtsuu° ha˙äeki° hà˙sa bà˙joo° ha˙soo°
ha˙kàne˙ ha˙äèshoo ha˙sai° ha˙shoodòroboo ba˙soo°
ba˙kara° ha˙ketsu° ha˙zai° ha˙shoku° Ha˙zòomo˙
Hà˙äàrii hà˙äetsu half ha˙zàisha ba˙shoku° Ha˙zoomo˙se˙°
bà˙äàroo moon ha˙zaini˙° ha˙jìru° ha˙soku°
ha˙äawaki° ha˙äetsù half ha˙zaki° ha˙shi˙° ha˙zoku°
ha˙ka˙° month ba˙saku° ba˙jì˙ ba˙sotsu°
ha˙äa˙° eyes ha˙äetsuba˙° ha˙zatsu° ha˙shi˙hà˙äi ha˙sode°
half-open ha˙ke˙° hà˙samu ha˙shi˙fùzui° ha˙sodeshàtsu
hà˙äa˙ to judge ha˙äe˙° ha˙sàyoo ha˙shìnyoku ha˙ta
ba˙ka˙° ba˙ke˙° pa˙zara° ha˙shì˙ro˙ ha˙da°
ha˙ka˙ha˙mi˙° ha˙äe˙jòoriku ba˙sa˙° ha˙sui° bà˙da
ha˙äa˙bìiki, ha˙kò ba˙sà˙kai ba˙zùii˙ pà˙da
hooäa˙- ha˙äo° hà˙shi ha˙suu° rumina- hà˙taa
ha˙äi° pa˙ko hà˙ji tion ha˙dàasu
bà˙ki ha˙koo° to re- bà˙shi ha˙sùu half the ha˙tai°
ba˙äiku° sist, to defy, bà˙ji number ha˙dai°
ha˙kÏchì° crime, o‡ense ha˙jìe° ba˙zukè° ba˙dai° watch
ha˙kibòokoo hà˙koo clan ha˙shÏtà° ha˙sÎto° stand
ha˙äyaku° school, han ha˙jimonò° ha˙zùbo˙ bà˙dai° thou-
ha˙äyakùji school ha˙sha° ha˙sùru sands of years,
ha˙kyuu° hemi- ha˙kòo publish- bà˙sha ha˙zùru° all generations
sphere ing, sealing ha˙shaù˙doo ha˙see°, -ei° soul- ha˙taiù˙doo
ha˙kyùu° small- ba˙koo° ha˙shakyòo searching, ha˙tàishoku
size bow ba˙äòo ba˙shaku° reflection ha˙taijì˙mo˙
ha˙kyoo° ha˙kòoki ba˙jaku° hà˙see°, -ei° half ha˙tàisee, -ei
ha˙kyòora˙ ba˙äooju˙° ha˙shasàyoo one's life ha˙taiha°
ha˙äyoku° ha˙kooteki° ha˙shateki° ba˙see°, -ei° late ha˙dàkùo˙
hà˙ki˙° ha˙kòoto hà˙shu development, pa˙tagùrafu
hà˙äi˙ ba˙äòo ha˙shuu° slow growing; ha˙dazuke°
ba˙ki˙° bà˙koku ba˙shuu° late season ba˙dana°
hà˙ku Bà˙koku, ha˙juku° breed pa˙dàne°
bà˙ku Ba˙kòkku ha˙shÎtsu° ha˙sèehi˙, -èi- ba˙tamukyuu°
pa˙ku° ha˙kotsu° ba˙shu˙° ha˙seki° crimi- pà˙taro˙
ha˙äuguràidaa ba˙kotsu° thou- ba˙sho° write on nal evidence hà˙dà˙
ha˙guràidaa sands of lives the blackboard hà˙seki° (regis- bà˙ta˙°
pa˙kùzu bà˙kotsu° blue ba˙shò to guard try of) land “ ha˙dà˙ryoku
ha˙kÎchì° courage, reck- house people ba˙chi° one's
ba˙äumi° lessness ha˙shoo° counter- ha˙setsu° address
Ba˙äuradìsshu ba˙kòkki evidence, par- ba˙setsu° bà˙chi savage
hà˙äurii ba˙gòha˙ tial loss by fire ha˙se˙° land, barbaric
318 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

region ha˙dobùkku ha˙bàite˙ ha˙mi° pìasu


pa˙chÏkàado ha˙dobòoru ha˙bàihi˙° hà˙michì hiàsobi
hà˙chÏku pa˙tomàimu ha˙baku° ha˙myoo° hiatari°
pa˙chÏpàama ba˙dòma˙ ha˙paku° ba˙mì˙° piànika
ba˙cha° ha˙domèedo ba˙paku° ha˙mee°, -ei° pianìsÎto
pà˙chaa Pà˙dora° ha˙pashìäoto ba˙meshi° piano°
ha˙chuu° ha˙tòrì ha˙batsu° ha˙mè˙° pianose˙°
hà˙choo ha˙torichoo° ha˙patsu° ba˙mè˙° hiàburi
bà˙choo ha˙doru° ha˙patsùryoku ha˙me˙kyòoshi hiari˙äu°
hu˙chi˙äu ha˙do˙° ha˙habà° hà˙mo hiawai°
pà˙tsu ha˙naäa° ha˙habaòbi ha˙moku° hìi
ha˙tsıki ha˙naki° ha˙pamono° ha˙mòkku bìi
ha˙tsÎkimai° ha˙nama° ha˙bari° ha˙motò° piiàaru
hà˙da ba˙na˙° hà˙hà˙ ha˙mòhÏki biièsu°
ba˙te° ha˙nie° bà˙ba˙° ha˙mo˙° bìikaa
ha˙tee°, -ei° ha˙nichì° bà˙pà˙° hà˙ya biiäatakà˙e˙
hà˙dii hà˙nya pa˙pà˙ ba˙yà hìiki
pà˙tii ha˙nyashì˙äyoo ba˙bà˙zai pà˙ya° hiik˜sùji
ha˙teeäachi°, -ei- ha˙nyato° ha˙byooni˙° ha˙yaku° hiikìme°
ha˙diikyàppu, ha˙nyuu° ha˙bìraki° ha˙yake° pìiku
-de- hà˙ni˙ ha˙pìree, -ei ba˙yuu° Piikeeòo
pa˙tiisÎtòkki˙äu ba˙nì˙° all peo- hà˙pu° ba˙yuuì˙ryoku hìisama
hà˙ti˙äu ple, everybody ba˙puu° ha˙yoo° iishìi
ha˙te˙° to ba˙nì˙ watch- pà˙pÎki˙ hà˙ra° biijiièmu
invert man, caretaker ha˙pÎku° ba˙rai° hiijìisa˙
ha˙tè˙ blotch, ha˙nì˙ka˙ pà˙pÎsu ha˙raku° biishiijìi
macule ha˙ni˙mae° bà˙butsu ha˙ra˙° biìshÏki
hà˙to ba˙ni˙muki° pà˙furètto hà˙ri hiìjiri
bà˙to hà˙ne° ha˙bù˙° bà˙ri bìizu
ba˙do° hà˙ne˙° -hà˙bu˙: asobi- hà˙ryo pìisu
pà˙to ba˙ne˙° hà˙bu˙ bà˙ryoku° hìitaa
ha˙dòa° ha˙noo° ha˙bu˙jokuree°, ha˙ree°, -ei° Piitàapa˙
ha˙too° ba˙noo° -ei° hà˙ro Piitaaràbitto
ha˙doo° ba˙noosè˙shu ha˙bu˙zùtsu ha˙roo° hiìtazura
ba˙too° ba˙nòoyaku ha˙pee°, -ei° ha˙ro˙° refuta- biidama°
bà˙doo hà˙noki ba˙pee°, -ei° tion, opposing bìichi
ha˙dootai° ha˙ba° hà˙bee argument hiichinichì
ha˙dooteki° ha˙pa° ha˙beso° hà˙ro˙° general biichÏpàrasoru
ba˙doomùsha bà˙ba ha˙betsu° remarks, outline hìite°
ha˙tòomee, -ei bà˙pa ba˙betsu° ha˙wari° Piitiièe
ba˙dooryuu° bà˙paa ha˙bèru hì hiidèru
ha˙dòoryoku ha˙bàagaa ha˙pè˙ bì hìitèwa
ha˙tokì ha˙bàagu ha˙boo° hìai° bìito° beet
ha˙doku° ha˙bai° hà˙po˙° biagàade˙, biito° beat
ha˙dokurìimu ha˙bàii˙ ha˙mà° biya- biitoba˙°
ha˙toshì° ha˙bàisha hà˙maa, hà˙ma hiaäàru° biidoro°
ha˙dobàggu ha˙baishò° ha˙maanaäe° hiashi° Bìinasu, Vìinasu
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 319

piinattsubàtaa, ba, hièro anese sweets hÏkarimàsu, hÏkiutsùru


-atsu- pìero hiäashì the east hÏkàtte, hÏkà- hÏkiokòsu
bìibaa bie˙° hiäash˜kaze° reba, hÏkàre hÏkiotoshi°
hiibàasa˙ hioi° hiäashiäata° Hikaruäè˙ji hÏkiotòsu
pìipii sound hioo° hiäashiäawa° hÏkaremono° hÏkioròsu
made by birds, hiòoi° hiäashikÏtà° hÏkaremono° hÏkikae°
insects, pipes, hiòoäi hiäashiäuchi° hÏkareru° hÏkikaeshi°
children, Æ hìoke° HiäashÏshinàkai HÏkawajì˙ja hÏkikàesu
piipìi poor, hard hiòdoshi Hiäashidòitsu Hiäawari° hÏkikàèru
up, pinched biora° hiäashidònari hÏka˙° hÏkiäàeru
piipiièmu bio˙° Hiäashinàkano hìäa˙ earnest hÏkiäàshi
bìifu bio˙teki° Hiäashinihò˙ wish hÏkiäatari°
biifushÏchùu bio˙too° hiäashÏhà˙kyuu hiäà˙° vernal e- hÏkiäane°
biifusÎtèeki h˜kà hÏkashìboo quinoctial week hÏkikìru
biifu˙° hìäa HiäashÏhò˙äa˙ji bika˙° hÏkiäiwa°
pìima˙ bìka hiäashimìnami° biäa˙° hÏkigùsu
hìiraäi hìäai Hiäashiyama° hiäà˙e hÏkikurabèru
hìiru hiäàisha hÏkasu° hiäa˙zàkura hÏkìäèki
bìiru hiäàichi hÏkazu° biäà˙jutsu hÏkikomise˙°
bìirusu pÏkàichi° hÏkàzee, -ei biäà˙sui hÏkikòmu
biirùbi˙ hìäaimòosoo P˜kàso hÏka˙teki° hÏkikomòru
hiirè hÏkae° hiäata° hiäà˙bana hÏkikoròsu
hiiro° scarlet hÏkàèshÏtsu bikàtaru hÏkà˙ro˙ hÏkisaäàru
hiirò° color of hÏkaejò° hÏkachùusha hÏki° length hÏkisàku
flames hÏkaemè° bikàchoo° h˜kì joy “ sorrow hikÏsaäe°
hìiroo hiäaerì° pÏkàdo˙ hìäi hÏkisaäèru
bìu hÏkàèru hìäanaichinichi° bìki hÏkisàru
hìuchì hÏkaäakÎteki° hiäane° bìäi hÏkìza˙
hiuchìishi hÏkaäami° hiäànòko° hÏkiai° hÏkishio°
hiùtsuri hÏkaku° compa- hiäamì hÏkiàu hÏkishibòru
hìu˙ rison hiäamikò˙joo hÏkiaäe° hÏkishimàru
hie° barnyard hÏkàku° hides “ hiäamimi° hÏkiäèsha hÏkishime°
grass skins, leather hiäàmu hÏkiaäèru hÏkishimèru
hiè chilliness, bìäaku hiäamè° hÏkiate° hiäìsha
coldness hÏkakÎsa˙gè˙- hiäara° hÏkiatèru hÏkisuèru
hìee, hìei soku hÏkaràsu hÏkiami° hÏkizuna°
hièesee, hìeisei hÏkakÎteki° hÏkarabìru° hÏkiawàsu hÏkizuri°
hìeki° hÏkakubù˙äaku hÏkarì hÏkiawase° hÏkizurioròsu
hiekìru hÏkaäe° pÏkàrì hÏkiawasèru hÏkizurikòmu
hiekomi° hiäake° HÏkariäàoka hÏkiìru hÏkizuridàsu
hiekòmu hÏkaäenokàzura° hÏkarikaäayàku hÏkiirèru hÏkizurimawàsu
hièshòo hÏkaäemono° hÏkarìäoo hÏkiuke° hÏkizuru°
Hiejì˙ja hÏkàäe˙ hÏkaridoo° hÏkiukèni˙° hÏkizome°
hièbara° hiäàäoto° hÏkarifàibaa hÏkiukèru hÏkitaoshi°
hièru: hiènai, hiäàsa hÏkarimonò° hÏkiùsu° hÏkitaòsu
hieyòo, hiemà- hÏkasareru° hÏkàru: hÏkarà- hÏkiuta° hÏkidashi°
su, hìete, hière- hiäàshi dry Jap- nai, hÏkaròo, hÏkiutai° hÏkidàsu
320 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

hÏkitàtsu hÏkìmokirazu hÏkuteàmata pÏkerài˙ pìza, pìttsa


hÏkitate° hÏkimodoshi° bìkÎtomo hÏkerakàsu° hÏsai°
hÏkitatèyaku° hÏkimodòsu bìkuni° hÏkeru° bisai°
hÏkitatèru hÏkimono° p˜kunìkku hÏke˙° bizai°
hÏkichiäai° hÏkyaku° h˜kuhÏku higè˙äyoo hÏsàisha
hÏkichiäìru bikyaku° bìkubiku hÏkè˙sha hÏsàichi
hÏkicha° hÏkyakuya° p˜kupÏku hÏkò° hizaòkuri
hÏkitsuäi° hÏkiyabùru bikubikumono° hìäo protection, hizakàkè
hÏkitsùäu hÏkyuu° hiäuma° vulgar word hizaäàshira°
hÏkitsÎke° bìkyo hÏkumàru hiäò thin bam- hÏsakataburì°
hÏkitsÎkèru hÏkyoo° land of hÏkumè° boo strip hizàkari°
hÏkitsuzuki° mystery, esoter- hÏkumèru hiäoi° hÏsaku°
hÏkitsuzùku ic religion hiäurashi° hÏkoo° hÏsàäu
hÏkitsuri° hÏkyòo mean- pÏkùrì hiäoo° hizakùriäe
hÏkitsùru ness, cowardice p˜kurusu, p˜kk- bikoo° hÏsaäo°
hÏkitsurèru hìäyoo° hiäure° hÏkooka° hizakozòo, -kk-
hÏkite° hÏkyoomonò° hiäureäata° hÏkòokai hÏsashi°
hÏkitèjaya h˜kyòku biku˙° hÏkòoki hizashi°
hÏkidemono° hÏkiyosèru hÏke° hÏkookiäùmo hÏsashìi
hÏkìdo° hÏkyòri hiäe° mustache, hÏkookìnori hÏsashiäami°
hÏkidoki° hiäiri° whiskers hÏkòoshi hÏsashiburì°
hÏkitomèru hÏkiwake° hìäe to disparage hÏkoojìka˙ hizazume°
hÏkitori° hÏkiwakèru oneself, self- hÏkòoshÏki hizazumedà˙pa˙
hÏkitoritè° hÏkiwata° abasement hÏkoojoo° pizapài°
hÏkitòru hÏkiwatashi° p˜ke hÏkooshòone˙ hÏsàbisa°
biginaa° hÏkiwatàsu hÏkeato° hÏkoose˙° hizabyòoshi
hÏkinaoshi° hÏkiwari° bikee°, -ei° hÏkootai° hizabone°
hÏkinaòsu hÏkiwarimùäi hìäeki hÏkootee°, -ei° hizamàkura
hÏkinaäashi° hÏki˙° hiäekÏteki° hikòoni˙ hizamazùku
hÏkinawa° biäi˙° hÏkeäiwa° hÏkòofÎku hÏsame°
bìkini, Bìkini hÏkì˙zoku hÏkeshì higòohoo, -ä- hizamoto°
hÏkiniku° hÏku°: hÏkanai°, hÏkèsh˜tsubo higòori, -ä- hìzara
hÏkiniäe° hÏkòo, hÏkimà- hÏkesuäì hÏkoku° hÏsa˙°
hÏkinùku su, hÏite°, hÏkè- hiäezura° hÏkokuni˙° hÏshi° water
hÏkinobashi° ba, hÏkè hiäettsura° hÏkòkùmi˙ chestnut
hÏkinobàsu bìku hÏkesòoba bìkotsu° hìshi historical
hÏkihaäàsu hÏkùi: hÏkùkat- hiäesòrì p˜kòtto secrets, sebum
hÏkihanàsu ta, hÏkùku, hÏ- hiäedàimoku hìäoto° hìji secret
hÏkiharàu kùkÎte, hÏkù- hÏketsu° HÏkone° hijì elbow
hÏkifudà° kereba, hÏkùshÏ pìkètto hiäonòkami bìji
hÏkifune° hÏkùidori hÏkedoki° hÏkobae° hÏshio°
hÏkimaku° hÏkùsa hÏkene° HÏkòboshi hijikàkè
hÏkimàdo° bikıshoo hiäene° hiäòyomi hijikakèisu
hÏkimàyu hìäuchi pÏkèboo hiäoro° hijikakemàdo
hÏkimawashi° hÏkutsu° hiäemùsha° hÏko˙° hÏshiäata°
hÏkimawàsu bikutsÎku° hÏkeme° hiza° hijìäane°
hÏkimekaäihana° hÏkutè hiäemoja° bìza HÏshikawamo-
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 321

rònobu hiju˙° hisÎtàmi˙° hÏsomèru hidarite°


hijiki° bracket, hÏshò summer- hisÎtèrìi hÏsòyaka hidaridònari
corbel piece ing hisÎterìkku hìda hidarìmae°
hìjiki edible hìsho, hÏshò pri- pisÎtoru° bìta hidarìmigi
brown algae vate secretary pisÎtorugòotoo hÏtaàyamari hidarimuki°
hÏshìäu bìjo pìsÎto˙ hÏtai° hÏtàru°
hÏshiäèru° hÏshoo° pisÎto˙yùsoo hidai° hidarùi
hÏshishokùbutsu hijoo° HisÎpànìkku bitai° hidàruma
bìjitaa bishoo° hizumi° hÏtaiäami° hÏta˙°
bishÏtsu° bijoo° hizùmu° hÏtaiäiwa° hÏda˙°
hijìtsÎkì hijookàida˙ hizume° bìtaichìmo˙ bìda˙
bishÏteki° hijòoki˙ hÏsùru hÏtaìtsÎki° bidà˙shi, binà-
hijitetsu° hijòoäuchi° hÏsee°, -ei° hÏtaoshì° pÏcchikàato,
hìshÏto hijookèekai, -èi- bisee°, -ei° Hidakàäawa picchÏ-, -ch-
bìjinesu hijookòkku hÏseekÏkòyoo, -ei- hitakàkÎshi° bichÏku°
bijinesÎkùrasu hijòoji bisèene˙, -èi- bidàkùo˙ pÏchìpÏchi°
bijinesÎsè˙taa hijòoji hÏseki° hidàko bìchabicha°
bijinesÎhòteru hijòoshÏki biseki° PÏtagòrasu pìchapÏcha
hìshÏhÏshi, hijoojìtai bisèkìbu˙ hÏtashì hÏchuu°
hÏshìhÏshi hijooshùda˙ hizeni° hÏtashimonò° bìchuu°
bìshibishi bishòone˙ hizemè° hÏtàsu hÏchoo°
pìshÏpishi, bijòofu hÏse˙° hÏtàsura° bichòosee, -ei
pÏshìpÏshi hijoobèru Hìze˙ bitase˙° hÏchìriki°
hijimàkura hijòori bise˙° hÏtatare° hÏtsu°
hÏshimekiàu hÏshòoryoku bize˙° H˜tachi hÏtsuatsu°
hÏshimèku hÏshoka° hÏse˙kyòke˙ hidachi° hÏtsuu°
hÏshìmochi hÏshòka˙ hÏse˙kyòni˙° hidàtsu hÏkka°
hÏsha° hÏshoku° hÏse˙tòoi˙ hidate° hÏkkae°
hÏshaku° bishoku° bize˙mono° hidane° hÏsshoo°
bijaku° hÏshòchi bizenyaki° hÏtabàshiri° hÏtsujoo°
hÏshaäèru° bishonure° hÏsè˙ro˙ h˜tahÏta° hÏsshoku°
hÏshatai° bìshobisho° h˜sò hidamà bisshòri
bishamo˙° bìjo˙ hÏsoo° hidàmari° bisshìri
pÏshàri hìjiri° hizoo° bitàmi˙ hÏtsuji˙°
bìshu hijìrime˙ hÏsòobi hÏtamuki° hÏssu°
hÏshuu° bìjireiku hizoomùsÎko hìdara hÏssukàmoku
hijuu° bishi˙° h˜soka hidari° hÏssee°, -ei°
bìshuu° bìji˙ hizoku° vulgarity pÏtàrì hÏsseki°
hijuukee°, -ei° biji˙äa° hìzoku lineal hidariuchi° hÏtsuzetsu°
hìjutsu hÏshi˙kee°, -ei° descendant hidariùchìwa hÏsse˙°
bìjutsu hijì˙doo bìzoku hidariäawa° hÏtsuze˙°
bijutsÎka° hìsu hizokko° hidariäawatsùu- hÏtsuze˙see°, -ei°
bijutsugàkkoo bìsu h˜sohÏso koo hÏtsuze˙teki°
bijùtsıka˙ h˜sui° hÏsohÏsobànashi hidarìkÏki° hÏssoku°
bijùtsıshi hizuke° hÏsomàru hidariäìccho hÏssòri
bijutsıhi˙° bisÎkètto hÏsomì Hidari Ji˙äoroo° hÏtta°
bijutsùbu hizukehe˙koose˙° hÏsòmu hidarìzùma hÏttakànoko, -ä-
322 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

hÏttakuri° hÏtsuyoo° hÏtoichìbabi° hÏtokÎchibànashi hÏtozùkiai


hÏttakùru hÏtsuyòoaku hÏtòiro hÏtòkÎfuu hÏtòsÎkui
hÏttàtsu hÏtsuyookèehi, -èi- hÏtouke° hÏtòkumi hÏtozùkuri
hÏttatèru hÏtsuyoojòoke˙ hÏtòuchi hÏtokùroo hÏtòsuji
pÏttàri hÏtsuyoosee°, -ei- hÏtòe hÏtoke° hÏtosujìnawa°
hÏtsuda˙° hÏtsuyoohi˙° hÏtoeòbi hidòkee, -ei hÏtozute°
h˜cchi° hÏtsùryoku hÏtòeda hÏtòketa hÏtozuma°
p˜cchi hÏtsuroku° hÏtòeni hÏtokoishìi hÏtozure°
hÏcchihàiku Hìde hÏtoemònò hÏtòkoe hÏtòsoroi
p˜cchaa bìde hidoo° hÏtoäoe° hÏtodàkari°
hÏcchaku° hÏtee°, -ei° bidoo° hÏtòkokyuu hÏtodàsÎke°
hÏcchuu° bitèekotsu, -èi- hÏtòoshi hÏtoäòkochi° hÏtòtachi
bicchuumono° Hideo° hÏtooji° hÏtoäòkoro hÏtodachi°
p˜cchi˙äu° bìdeo hÏtoòmoi hÏtòkoshi hÏtodànomi°
hÏttsÎkamaèru bideotèepu hÏtòori hÏtòkoto hÏtòtabi
hÏttsÎkàmu bideodèkki hÏtokài° hitoäoto° other hÏtodama°
hÏttsıku biteki° hÏtòkakae people's a‡airs hÏtotamari°
hÏttsÎkèru Hìdeko hÏtoäaki° hÏtoäòto with hÏtochìäai
hÏttsume° hiderì° hÏtokàäe° each person hÏtòtsu
hÏttsuri° hideriàme hÏtòkakera hÏtòkoma hÏtòtsuana
hÏttsure° hideritsùzuki hÏtokazu° hÏtokòmarase hÏtotsuòboe
h˜tti˙äu° hide˙° hÏtòkaseäi hÏtoäomi° hÏtòtsuäai
hÏtteki° bite˙° hÏtoäata° hÏtòkoro hÏtotsäaki°
h˜tto bide˙° hÏtòkatake hÏtoäoroshì° hÏtòtsÎkama
bìtto hidè˙i˙ hÏtokatanàrazu hÏtòsakari hÏtòtsÎkami
hÏttoo° hidè˙ka hÏtokàtamari hÏtòsashi hÏtòtsÎki
hÏtsudoku° hÏtò° hÏtòkado° hÏtosashìyubi hÏtòkkiri
hÏttosò˙äu hÏtòashi° hÏtoäara° hÏtozato° hÏtokko°
Hìttòraa hÏtòaji hÏtòkawa hÏtòsama hÏtokkohÏtori
hÏttoràèru hÏtoashihÏtòashi hÏtoäiki° hÏtòsara hÏtotsùzuki
hÏppaku° hÏtoàshirai hÏtòkÏsha hÏtosàrai hÏtotsudake°
hÏppatàku hÏtòase hÏtoäìrai hÏtosàwaäase hÏtòttobi
hÏppari° hÏtoàtari° hÏtòkiri, -kk- hÏtoshìi HÏtotsubashi°
hÏppariàu° hÏtòat hÏtokiribòochoo hÏtòshio slightly hÏtòppashiri
hÏpparikòmu hÏtoana° hÏtòkire salted hÏtotsuhÏtòtsu,
hÏpparidàko hÏtòame hÏtokiwa° hÏtoshio° much -bìtotsu
hÏpparidàsu° hÏtoamehÏtòame hÏtoku° more, especially hÏtòtsubu
hÏpparimawàsu hÏtòare bìtoku° hÏtòshÏkiri hÏtòtsufÎtatsu
hÏppàru hÏtòawa hÏtokuijì˙shu hÏtoshìäoto hÏtotsubudàne
h˜ppii hÏtoà˙shi˙ hÏtokùäiri hÏtòshizuku hÏtotsubuyori°
h˜ppu hidòi: hìdokat- hÏtokıkuri hÏtojichi° hÏtòtsumami
bìppu ta, hìdoku, hi- hÏtòkÎsa hÏtòshina hÏtotsùmi
hÏppuhòppu dòkÎte, hìdoke- hÏtokÎsài hÏtojini° hÏtotsumè
hÏppoo° reba, hìdoshÏ hÏtòkÎsari hÏtòshibai hÏtotsumekozòo
hÏtsuboku° hÏtòiki hÏtòkÎse hÏtoshirezu° hÏtotsùmo˙
hÏtsumee°, -ei° hÏtoìkire hÏtokùdari hÏtozùkai° hÏtotsùya
hÏtsumetsu° hÏtoìkÎsa hÏtòkÎchi hÏtozuki° hÏtote
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 323

hÏtode° hÏtòhineri hÏtorideni° binìiru hinoshÏtakàisa˙


hÏtodenashì° hÏtòhira hÏtoridè˙ka hiniku° irony, hìnotamà
hÏtodebùsoku hÏtofÎshi hÏtorìne° sarcasm, satire hìnote
hÏtotoori° hÏtòfude hÏtorinokòrazu hìniku° round hinode°
hÏtodoori° hÏtofudeäaki° hÏtorihÏtori, -ribì- meat, meat hinòto
hÏtòtoki hÏtòfune hÏtoribùtai from pig thigh hinohakamà
hÏtòtokoro hÏtòfuri hÏtoribòcchi, -pò- hinikuya° hinòba˙
hÏtòtose hÏtòfuyu hÏtorimae° hinikùru hinobe°
hÏtotonari° hÏtòfuri hÏtorimakè° hinichi° hinomaru°
hÏtòtobi hÏtòfu˙bari hÏtorìmi° hìnihini° hinomarubè˙too
hÏtonaka° hÏtòfu˙betsu hÏtorìmushi hinimashi° hinomì
hÏtonàkase° hÏtobèrashi° hÏtorimùsÎko hinyòoki hinome°
hÏtònaäare hÏtòhone hÏtorimùsume bìniro˙ hinòmoto
hitonàdare° hÏtòma hÏtorimo° hini˙° hinoyòoji˙
hÏtònatsu hÏtomae° hÏtorimonò° hinì˙joo hìba
hÏtonatsÎkkòi, -k- hÏtomàkase° hÏtoriyòäari hìne bibàaku
hÏtònanuka, hÏtòmaki hÏtoriwàrai hinekurimawàsu hibai°
-noka hÏtòmaku hÏtowàtari hinekùru hibàihi˙°
hÏtonami° hÏtomakumì° hÏtowaru° hinekurèru hibaku° to be
hÏtonare° hÏtomakumono° hìna hinekobìru, -kk- exposed to ra-
hÏtonarèru hÏtomàkuri hinaàsobi hi˙äome° diation
hÏtòniäiri hÏtomàjiwari hinaàrare hineshòoäa hìbaku° water-
hÏtòneiru hÏtòmazu hinàuta hinetsu° fall
hÏtònemuri hÏtomaze° hinaka° binetsu° bihaku°
hÏtonoko° hÏtòmataäi hinaäa° hinekkobirèru hibàkısha
hÏtònomi hÏtomachiäao° hinaäàshi hiemosu° hìbako
hÏtòha hÏtòmatomari hinàäata° hinerì hìbashi
hÏtòhashi hÏtòmatome hinàäiku hineridàsu° hibàshira
hÏtobashi° hÏtomane° hinàäeshi hineritsubùsu° bihada°
hÏtobàshira° hÏtòmawari hinashi° hinerimawàsu° hibachi
hÏtòhashiri, hÏtomi° hinata° hinèru bihatsu°
-òppa- hÏtomigòkùu hinatakÎsài Hino° hìbana
hÏtòhata hÏtomìshiri° hinatabòkko hìnoame hibara°
hÏtòhada° hÏtorigàte˙ hinatàmizu hinoiri° hibàrai
hÏtohàtaraki hÏtoriäimè° hinàda˙° hinoe° hibari°
hÏtòhachi hÏtorìäuchi° hinàdori hinoeuma° hìha˙, hÏha˙°
hÏtòhana hÏtoriäùrashi hinanì˙äyoo hìnokami hiba˙°
hÏtòhaba hÏtoriäèeko, -èi- hinabìru hìnoki° hÏha˙teki°
hÏtohabamono° hÏtorìäo hinamàtsuri Pinòkio° hìhi
hÏtòhara hÏtoriäòto° hinami° hinokiäàsa hìbi
hÏtobàrai hÏtorishìbai hinàrazu hinokibùtai bìbi
hÏtòba˙ hÏtorijimè° hinawa° hìnokuruma° hibikàsu
hÏtoba˙juu° hÏtorizùmai hinawàjuu hinokure° hibikasèru
hÏtòhi hÏtorizùmoo hìna˙ hìnoke hibikì
hÏtoba˙juu° hÏtoridachì° bìna˙ hìnoko hibikiwatàru°
hÏtòhi hÏtorìtabi binà˙shi hinokomoro° hibìku: hibikà-
hÏtòbito hÏtorìkko hinà˙mi˙ hinoshì tai, hibikòo,
324 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

hibikimàsu, bihòosaku himekyòodai hyàkıshu hyakumà˙


hibìite, hibìke- bibòoroku himèkuri hyakujuunoòo hyakuma˙äe˙°
ba, hibìke hÏhokè˙sha himèäo hyakujuukyùu- hyakuma˙dara°
bibishìi hiboshì° himègòze ba˙ hyakuma˙chòoja
bìbiddo hÏho˙° himèäoto° hyakushÎtsu° hyakuma˙too°
Hibiya° hibo˙° himekòmatsu hyakÎshoo hyakuma˙ni˙°
Hibiyakòoe˙ biho˙° Hìmeji° hyakÎshooìkki hyakuma˙be˙°
Hibiyakookai- hima° Himejìjoo hyakÎshòoya hyakùmi
doo° himaku° himènori hyakÎshooyomi° hyakumè°
Hibiyase˙° himaäo° himèmasu hyakuse˙° hyakumeròosoku
hÏhyoo° himashi° himèmatsu hyakÎsè˙kai hyakume˙soo°
hibyòoi˙ himashìni° himèyuri hyakÎse˙hyakÎ- hyakumonoäàta-
hÏhyooka° himashìyu° himèru shoo° ri
hÏhyòoäa˙ himaji˙° hime˙° hyakÎse˙mà˙ byàkuya
hibiware° himachì° himè˙ke˙ hyakÎse˙rè˙ma hyakuyaku°
hibiwarèru hìmatsu° himo° hyakÎsoo° hyakuyòobako
bihi˙° himatsudè˙se˙ himokawa° hyakıtai° hyakuyoosoo°
hÏfu° overcoat himatsùbushi° himokawaùdo˙ hyakùdai hyakurai°
hìfu, hÏfu° skin himàtsuri hìmoku° byakùda˙° hyakùri
hibu° himadòru bìmokÎshuuree, hyakÎtè˙° hyakùryoo
bifuu° breeze himàhima° -ei hyakÎte˙mà˙te˙ byàkùre˙
bìfuu° good Himayara° himojìi hyakùo hiyake°
custom himàwari himosuäara° hyakÎtòoba˙ hiyakedoke°
hifÎka° hima˙° himochi° to hyakudomàiri hiyàzake°
hifÎkìdake bima˙° keep quality hyakunichì°, hiyashì
hìfÎku° himà˙ji himochì fire-hold- -ku˙chì° hiyashichùuka
bìfÎku° hima˙tai° ing qualities hyakunichÏkàzu- hiyashì˙su
hifÎkùre bìmi himotsÎkì° ra hiyàsu
hibùkure Hìmiko himotò hyakunichìzeki biyadaru°
hifÎkòkyuu hìmizu hìya hyakunichÏsoo° hyàkka
hibùsoo himitsu° hiyaàse hyakùni˙ hyakkài°
hìbuta himitsugàikoo biyagàade˙ hyakuni˙ìsshu hyakkàe˙
hìbutsu° himitsÎkèssha hiyakàshì hyakuni˙riki° hyakkajìsho
bifÎteki° himitsÎsè˙kyo hiyakàsu hyakùne˙ hyakkajìte˙
hÏfubyoo° himitsÎhèeki, -èi- hyakù° hyakunè˙sai hyakkàjoo
biburàato bimyoo° hiyaku° activity hyakune˙mè hyàkkaseehoo, -ei-
hiburo° hìmuro hìyaku° secret hyakÎpaasè˙to hyakkazè˙sho
hìfu˙, hÏfu˙° hìme medicine hyakubai° hyàkkasoomee, -ei
hibu˙° himee°, -ei° shriek, bìyaku° hyakÎhachijùudo hyakkàte˙
bibu˙° scream, crying byàkùe hyakÎhachibò˙- hyakkànichi
bibu˙choo° hìmee°, -ei° epi- hyakue˙° nòo hyàkkaryoora˙
hÏhee°, -ei° taph hyakuè˙satsu hyakùba˙ hyakkà˙°
hÏhe˙° hìmee°, -ei° unnat- hyakùoku hyakubu˙° hyàkkiyaäyoo°,
hÏhoo° ural death hyakuäai° hyakubu˙noichì -koo°
hiboo° bìmee°, -ei° hyakÎsài hyakubù˙hi hyakkee°, -ei°
bihoo° himèäaki hyakÎshakÎka˙- hyakubù˙ritsu byàkko
biboo° himèäimi too° hyakùmai hiyakkòi
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 325

hyakkoo° hyooimòji hyooäè˙ki˙° hyooso°, -oo° byòofu


byakkotai° byooi˙° byooäe˙tai° byoosoo° byoobu°
hyappatsÎhyakÎ- biyòoi˙ hyooäo° hyoosoonàdare byoobùiwa
chuu° byooi˙se˙° Hyòoäo hyoosoku° byoohee°, -ei°
hyappa˙° byooì˙choo byòoäo° byoosoku° byooheki°
hyàppo hyooo˙° hyookoo° hyoodai° hyoohe˙°
hyàppo˙ hyooo˙shÏki° Hyooäòke˙ byootai° sick byoohe˙°
hiyatoi° hyooo˙mòji byooko˙° body, poor hyòohoo°
hiyatoiroodòosha hyòoka flavoured byoosai° health hyooboo°
hiyahiya° to feel ice, ice cream hyoosatsu° byootài° patho- byooboo°
cold hyòoka° assess- hyòoza˙ physiology, byoobotsu°
hìyahiya to be ment, valuation hyooshi° disease state hyooho˙°
in fear, to be hyòoäa hyòoji° biyootàisoo byòoma
nervous byòoäa byooshi° hyòota˙° ice “ hyòomu
biyahòoru hyookai° hyooshÏki° charcoal, con- hyoomee°, -ei°
hiyàmizu hyooäai° hyooshìäi tradiction byoomee°, -ei°
hiyàmùäi byooäai° hyooshÏtsu° hyootà˙ gourd hyoomè˙
hiyameshi° byooäàichuu byooshÏtsu° hyoota˙nàmazu hyoomè˙seki
hiyamèsh˜kui hyooäajìdai hyooshinukè° hyoochaku° hyoome˙chòoro-
hiyameshizòori hyooäàtame hyoojiba˙° hyoochuu° ku
hiyàyaka biyooäàkkoo hyòosha byòochuu° hyòoya
hiyayàkko byooka˙° byoosha° byoochùuäai byooyuu°
hiyàrì hyòoki° mark, hyooshaku° hyoochoo° hyooyomi°
hìyu heading byoojaku° hyooteki° byooyomi°
pyùa hyòoki inscrip- hyooshÎtsu° byooteki° hyòori
Hyùuäa tion on the face biyòojutsu hyoote˙° marks, byòori
hyùuzu hyòoäi hyooju˙° grade byoorìäaku
pyùupyuu byooki° hyooju˙äo° hyòote˙° free- hyooryuu°
hyuumanìsÎto hyooäìi˙ hyoojù˙ji zing point byooreki°
hyuumanìzumu hyookÏhoo° byòosho hyoode˙° hyooroo°
hyuumànitii byookimìmai hyooshoo° hyootè˙ka hyooroozeme°
hyùuma˙ byookyuu° hyoojoo° on ice, hyòodo hyoorokudama°
hyuuma˙èraa hyookì˙ arms, armed byootoo° hyooro˙°
Pyùurìta˙ byooki˙° soldier byoodoo° hyooro˙ka°
pyùure hyooki˙monò° hyoojòo° expres- Byoodòoi˙° hiyoku°
byùuroo hyooäù° sion, look, byoodoku° biyoku°
hyùtte byòoku verdict hiyòotori hiyokùzuka
byù‡e hyooäùshi byooshoo° byooni˙° hiyokùmo˙
hyoo° list, vote, hyooäuya° byoojoo° hyoonoo° hiyokurè˙ri,
ballot hyookee°, -ei° byooshi˙° hyoohaku° hìyoku rè˙ri
hyòo bale, leop- hyookeehòomo˙, hyòosu hyoohakùzai° hiyoke° sunshi-
ard, panther -ei- hyoosùu hyooba˙° ne, blind
hiyoo° to soar hyooketsu° hyoosùru hyoobà˙ki hiyokè protection
hìyoo cost hyooäe˙° critical byoosee°, -ei° hyòohi against fire
byòo remark, ice field biyoosèekee, -èikei hyoohyoo° hiyokèchi
biyoo° hyooäè˙° expres- hyoosetsu° hyoobyoo° hiyoko°, -kko°
hyooitsu° sion hyooze˙° byoobyoo° hyòkohyoko
326 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

pyokò˙ hirakèru bìribiri liteness, dis- Hirokooji°


Hìyoshi hirazara° pìripiri courtesy hìrosa
hyokkùri hirashài˙ biriyàado biree°, -ei° Hiròsaki
hyokkòri bìrashara hìryuu hireedàihyoo, -ei- Hìroshi
hyottoko° hirajòi˙ biryuu° hireehàibu, -ei- Hiroshima°
hiyòdori° hirajiro° biryùushi hireki° Hiroshimàke˙
hiyodoriäòe° hirazumi° hìryoo hirèzake° hì˙i
pìyopiyo Hìrata° biryoo° hiretsu° pi˙kàaru
hiyomeki° hiratai° bìryoku° bìrejji bì˙kàki
hiyori° hirataku° pirìrì hirèniku° hi˙kaku°
hiyorimi° hirachi° hìru leech hirefısu° bi˙äata°
hiyorimishùäi HiratsÎka° hirù noon, day- hìre˙° bi˙katsu°
hyorotsÎku° hirate° time hìro pì˙kara kirìma-
hyoronaäài° pìratisu bìru hiròi: hìrokatta, de
hyorohyoro° tall hirateuchi° pìru hìroku, hiròkÎ- bi˙ka˙°
“ skinny hiradèmae hiruà˙do˙ te, hìrokereba, hi˙kaku°, -kya-
hyòrohyoro to tot- hiradoma° hirui° hìroshi hi˙kyuu°
ter, to toddle, to hiranàbe° birùäai hiroiäèru hì˙ku
stagger, to reel hìrani hiruäàesu hiroìzumu pì˙ku
hiyowa° pirania° hiruäàette hiroidàsu hi˙ketsu°
hiyowài° hiranui° hiruäàeru hiroìkku hi˙kètsıshoo
hyò˙na hiraba° hiruäao° hiroimono° hi˙koo°
pyò˙pyo˙ hirahimo° birùkaze hiroiyomi° hi˙koohoosee°, -ei°
hìra hìrahira hiruäe° hiròi˙: hirowa- bi˙äoòmote
bira° hirabettài° hirugòha˙ nai°, hiroòo, hi- hi˙ko˙°
hiraàyamari hiramaku° hiruäòro roimàsu, hirotte°, hi˙shi° part of
hirai°, Hirai° hiramasa° hirusàäari hiroèba, hiroè speech
hiràishi˙° piramìddo hirusùäì hiroeri° hì˙shi° dying
Hiraìzumi hiramùäi° hiruseki° hiròe˙° hi˙shÏtsu°
hirauchì° hiramekàsu bìrudi˙äu hiroo° fatigue, hì˙ja
hiraoshi° hiramekì° birutoì˙ exhaustion hi˙jaku° pì˙sha˙
hiraòyoäi hiramèku hirudoki° hìroo announce- hi˙shÎku°
hiraori° hiraya° hirunaka° ment hi˙shÎtsu°
Hìraäa Gè˙nai hirayazùkuri hirunùki° biroo° bi˙shoo°
hiraäàna° hirayadate° hirune° hiròoe˙ bi˙joo°
hirakì hiràrì hiruhìnaka° biroodo° bi˙sùu
hirakìdo hiràwa˙° hirumà hiroäari° hi˙zuukyoo°
hirakinaòru° bira˙° Bìruma hiroäaru° bi˙zùme°
hiraäìnu° bìri hirumàe biroku° hi˙sùeu
hirak˜fuu° pìriodo hirùmu hirokÎchi° bì˙zuru
hiràku: hirakà- hìriki° hirumeshi° pirokèesu hì˙see, -ei
nai, hirakòo, birike˙° hiruyàsumi hiroäeru°: hiroäe- pi˙sètto
hirakimàsu, hiritsu° hire° fillet nai°, hiroäeyòo, hi˙se˙°
hiràite, hiràke- hiritsÎku° hirè° fin hiroäemàsu, hi- bi˙se˙°
ba, hiràke bìrikketsu° hiree°, -ei° pro- roäete, hiroäerè- bi˙ze˙°
hiraäuke° bìrikko portion ba, hiroäero° hì˙soo
hiraäumo° hìrihiri hìree°, -ei° impo- Hìroko bi˙soku°
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 327

hi˙so˙° hi˙mì˙kÎtsu fua˙° fiyòrudo fuukoomèebi, -èi-


bì˙ta hi˙mùku fuà˙shi˙ bùiyo˙ fùusa°
pi˙tàkku hi˙mee°, -ei° fà˙tajii fìrame˙to fuusai°
pì˙chi hi˙moku° fa˙tajìkku firaria° fuusatsu°
pi˙chih˜ttaa hi˙yàri fa˙tàsÎtìkku fuiri° fuushi° satire
bì˙cho bi˙ra˙° fuà˙tee, -ei Fìrìpi˙ fùushi term of
bi˙tsÎkè° bi˙ròoji fa˙dèesho˙ firutaa° address for a tea-
bi˙tsÎkeàbura bi˙wa˙° fà˙do firuhàamonii cher, Confucius,
bì˙tèeji bi˙wa˙ka° fuà˙nai fìrumu visual aspect
hì˙to fù fa˙hìitaa «rè˙tse fuuji°
hì˙do bù fa˙fàare fui˙° fùushÏkàde˙
pi˙to° pùa fa˙rètaa bui˙° muteness, fuujikome°
hi˙too° fàasÎto° fui° sudden, un- noiselessness fuujikomèru
hi˙dòsùu faasÎtokùrasu expected bùi˙° sta‡, mem- fuushÏshòosetsu
pi˙tohàzure faasÎtofùudo fùi coming to ber fuujìte°
pi˙nàppu Fàaburu nothing, total fi˙gaabòoru fuujimè°
hi˙nyoo° buai° waste Fì˙rà˙do fuusha°
hi˙noo° buàisoo bùi fùu fùuja°
hì˙ba buàìdaka buiaipìi fuuài° fùushu
hi˙patsu° faito° fìa˙se fuuatsu° fuushuu°
bi˙patsu° fàinaru fìito fùui fuusho°
pi˙hane° fàina˙su fiidobàkku fuui˙° fuushoku°
hi˙pa˙° fàibaa fìibaa fùuu fuujìru°
hi˙pyoo° faibaasÎkòopu fiiri˙äu° fuuu˙° fuushi˙°
hi˙pyòokai fàiru fiirudo° fuuù˙ji fuuji˙°
hi˙pì˙° fai˙daa° fiirudoasurech˜k- fuuee°, -ei° bùusu
pì˙pi˙ fai˙purèe ku fuuka° fuusùiäai
hìmpu FàusÎto fiirudokyòoäi fùuga fuusùru
bì˙boo fàuru fuiuchi° fùuäa fuuzùru°
bi˙bòoäami° fàkÎshìmiri buiki° fuuäai° fuusee°, -ei°
bi˙bòokùji fàkÎtaa fìgyua fuukaku° fuusetsu°
bi˙booäùrashi fàgotto fùiku° fuukasàyoo fuuse˙°
bi˙bòoshòo fàjii fìkÎsho˙ fuuäàwari fuuze˙°
bi˙boojòtai fashìsÎto fuiäo° fuuka˙° fuuse˙gàmu
bi˙bootarashìi, fashìzumu buisài˙ fuuka˙hàäaki fuuse˙dama°
-tt- fàsunaa fìjikaru fùuki fuusoo°
bi˙boodòkuri, buatsu° fuichoo° fuukyoo° fuusoku°
-kk- buatsùi° fùitsu fuukiri° fùuzoku
bi˙booni˙° fàkkÎsu, fàkÎsu fìsshi˙äu° fuukirìka˙ fuuzokuèeäyoo,
bi˙booyùsuri fàssho fuìcchi fuukìru -èi-
bi˙booyùruäi fàssho˙ fìtto fuuki˙° fuuzokuäa°
pi˙boke° fasshò˙shòo fìttonesu bùuke fuusokıkee°, -ei°
pì˙po˙ fassho˙mòderu finàare fùukee°, -ei° fuuzòkıshi
hi˙maäàru famiko˙° fìnisshu fuukeeäa°, -ei- fuuzokÎshòosetsu
hi˙maäèru fàmirii buinèkku fuuketsu° fùutai
hi˙mì˙ famiriirèsÎtora˙ fuifuikyoo° fùuäetsu puutaroo°
hi˙mì˙äai fà˙ buiyabèesu fuukoo° fùuchi
328 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

fuuchich˜ku fùu˙ fòto fÎkàshiäi fÎkiokùru°


fuuchoo° bùu˙° fotoàrubamu fÎkàshi˙ fÎkioròsu°
fuuchìri˙ fue° pipe, flute, fotogùrafaa fÎkashi˙jòoyaku fugìkai, -ä-
fuuchi˙° fish bladder buòtoko fÎkàsu fÎkikàesu
bùutsu fùe indestructi- fòrute fÎkàzume° fÎkikakèru°
fùutee, -ei bility fòrumu fÎkàzee, -ei fÎkikiyomèru
fuute˙° fèa fòroo fÎkàchi fÎkikèsu
fùudo feapurèe fuo˙° bukatsu° fÎkìäe˙
fuutoo° fèiku fò˙dyu, fo˙dyùu bukàkoo fÎkikobore°
fuudoo° fèisubùkku fuò˙too fÎkàtte fÎkikoborèru°
fuutòoboku fuèisei buò˙na fÎkàppatsu fÎkikomi°
fuudobyoo° fuèesatsu fÎkà shark fÎkadè° fÎkikòmu
pùudoru fei˙to° fıkà hatching in- fÎkanàsake fÎkisarashi°, -ss-
fuunyuu° fèe˙ cubation,toadd fÎkànoo fÎkisÎsàbu°
fùuha fee˙gè˙shoo fÎkài deep: fÎkàhi fÎkìso
fuubàika fùeki fÎkàkatta, fıkafÎka° fÎkisòoji
fuubàgyuu fezaakyuu° fÎkàku, fÎkabùka fÎkìsoku,
fuuhatsu° fèsÎtibaru fÎkàkÎte, bukabuka° fÎkÏsòku
fùubi fùète fÎkàkereba, pıkapÎka fÎkitaòsu°
fuuhyoo° fènìkkÎsu fÎkàshÏ fÎkàbu˙ fÎkidàsu
fuuhyoohìäai fuefıki fÎkài° unpleasant fÎkàmà fÎkidamari°
fùufu feminìsÎto fuäai° fÎkamàru fÎkichiràsu°
fùufuu feminìzumu bukai° fÎkami fÎkitsu°
bùubuu fèrii bùäai fÎkamìdoru fÎkitsÎkèru°
fuufuäè˙ka fuèru: fuènai, fue- fÎkaish˜sùu fÎkamèru fÎkidemono°
fuufuzure° yòo, fuemàsu, fuäainai° fÎkayoi° fÎkidèru
fùubutsu fùete, fuèreba fÎkairì° fÎkayomi° fÎkitòosu°
fuubùtsıshi fèruto° fÎkaòi° fÎka˙° fÎkitobàsu°
fuufùnàka ferutope˙° fÎkàkachi bùka˙ fÎkitòbu
fuufumònò fèroo fÎkakachìzee, -ei fÎkà˙shoo° fÎkitòru
fuufuyàkÎsoku fèromo˙ FÎkaäawa° fÎkà˙ze˙ fÎkinaäashi°
fuufuyòoshi fue˙° fÎkaku° fÎka˙ze˙nè˙shoo fÎkinaràsu°
fuufuwàkare fè˙shi˙äu fùäaku fÎki° butterbur fÎkinuki°
fuubu˙° fè˙su bùäaku fıkì additional fÎkinuke°
fuuboo° buè˙ryo fÎkàkujitsu note, freedom fÎkinukèru°
fùumì foagura° fÎkàkudai (from restraint) fÎkinòtòo
bùumu fòabòoru fÎkàäutsu° fùäi fÎkiharàu°
bùumera˙ fòokasu fÎkàkÎtee°, -ei° bùki fÎkiburi°
fuumo˙° fookÎsò˙äu buäakùme˙ bùäi fÎkimakùru°
fuuràiboo fookudà˙su fÎkàkee, -ei fÎkiaäàru° fÎkìmame
fùuryuu fookurìfÎto fÎkàketsu fÎkiaäe° fÎkimawashi°
fuuryùuji˙ fòomaru fÎkàäe˙ fÎkiaäegyòe˙ bukimi°
fùuryoku foomaruuèa fÎkakòoryoku fÎkiaäèru° fuäimono°
fuuri˙° fòomu fÎkàsa fÎkiarèru° fÎkìya
pùuru fòoramu fÎkàzake fÎkiìta° fÎkyuu°
puurusàido fòoruto fÎkashì fÎkiìdo fÎkyuuba˙°
fuuroo° fossamàguna fÎkashìimo bùgiùgi fÎkyoo°
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 329

fùäyoo fÎkue˙° fÎkushu° fÎkutsu° fÎkume˙° mask


bukìyoo FÎkùoka fÎkushuu° fÎkutsuu° fÎkumè˙° ventral
buäyoo° FÎkuokàke˙ fÎkujuu° fÎkutoo° fÎkùmo
fugyòoäi FÎkuokàshi fÎkushùunyuu fÎkùtoku° fÎkuyaku°
fÎkyòoshi fÎkuo˙° fÎkujusoo° fÎkudoku° fÎkuyoo°
buäyooshò° fÎkuò˙see, -ei fÎkusho° fÎkudòkÎho˙ fÎkùyoka
fugyòojoo, -ä- fÎkukàichoo fÎkushoo° fÎkutòshi˙ fÎkurashÏko°
fÎkyoowào˙ fÎkuäaku° fuäujòochi˙, FÎkutoshi˙se˙° fÎkurasu°
fÎkyòka fÎkka˙°, -chòo- fÎkuni˙° fÎkurasùzume
bùkyoku fÎkuka˙° fÎkushoku° fÎkunòkami fÎkuràhaäi°
fÎkiyose° fÎkuäa˙° fÎkushokÎhi˙° fÎkuhai° fÎkuramasu°
fÎkiyosèru° fÎkugìchoo fÎkushokùbutsu fÎkubiki° fÎkuramaseru°
fùgìri fÎkuäyoo° fÎkushi˙° fÎkubìk˜ke˙ fÎkurami°
fÎkìritsu fÎkukyòozai fÎkuji˙° fÎkuhìree, -ei fÎkuramu°
bukìryoo, fÎkì- fÎkuge˙° fÎkuji˙zuke° fÎkùbu fÎkurameru°
fÎkìwatàru° fÎkuäè˙ryoku fÎkùsu bùkubuku fÎkùri
fÎkì˙ dish towel fÎkuäoo° fukÎsui° fÎkubukÎshìi fÎkuryùusui
fùki˙ neighbor- fÎkuäooäo° fÎkusùu fÎkufÎkuse˙° fÎkuri˙°
hood fÎkusà fÎkùsÎke fÎkubùkuro fÎkure°
fÎkì˙koo fÎkuzai° fÎkusùru fÎkube˙° fÎkureaäàru
fÎkì˙shi˙ fÎkusasàbaki fÎkusee°, -ei° fÎkubè° fÎkurettsura°
fÎku° to cover, to fuäusashi° fÎkusèehi˙°, -èi- fÎkuhee°, -ei° fÎkureru°
wipe, to dry: fÎkuzatsu° fÎkuseki° fÎkueki° fÎkùro return
fÎkanai°, fÎkòo, fÎkusàyoo fÎkuse˙° fÎkuboku° journey
fÎkimàsu, fui- Fukuzawa YukÏ- fÎkusoo° clothes, fÎkuho˙° fÎkurò bag, sack
te°, fÎkèba, fÎkè chi° overcrowding fÎkumaku° fÎkuroiri°
fÎkù good luck, fÎkusà˙butsu fÎkusòo happy fÎkumakùe˙° fÎkùròo
clothes, copy fÎkushi° adverb look fÎkumàsu fÎkuroòbi
fıkù to blow: fÎkùshi° welfare, fÎkuzoo° fÎkumase° fÎkuròkake
fÎkànai, fÎkòo, deputy envoy fÎkusòosai fÎkumàde˙ fÎkuròkùju
fÎkimàsu, fùi- fÎkuji° fÎkusòohi˙° fÎkùmame fÎkurokùji˙
te, fÎkèba, fıkè fÎkushÏki° fÎkusòori fÎkumarèru fÎkurokòoji
fùäu fÎkushÏkikàza˙ fÎkuzòori fÎkumì fÎkurozume°
bùäu fÎkushÏkikòkyuu fÎkuzoku° fÎkumiäòe fÎkurodàtaki
fugùai fÎkushÏkibòki FÎkuda° fÎkumish˜sa˙ fÎkuròdo
fÎkua˙° fÎkushÏkòkka fÎkutai° fÎkùmimi fÎkuròtoji°
FÎkui° fÎkujiteki° fÎkudai° fÎkumìwata fÎkurònui°
fÎkùi fÎkushinè˙ki˙ fÎkuchìji fÎkumiwàrai fÎkuròmimi
fÎkuiku° FÎkùshima fÎkùcha, fÎkùja fÎkùmu: fÎku- fÎkuròmono°
Fukuìke˙ FÎkushimàke˙ fÎkùchuu° mànai, fÎku- fÎkuwàuchi oni-
Fukuìshi FÎkushimàshi fÎkuchoo° recov- mòo, fÎkumi- wàsoto
fÎkui˙° fÎkusha° ery, demodu- màsu, fÎkù˙- fÎkuwàjutsu
fÎkui˙shò° fÎäùsha lation de, fÎkùmeba fÎkuwàrai
fÎkuì˙choo fÎkushàki fÎkùchoo° depu- fÎkùme fıku˙
fuäuu° fÎkushàshi ty head or fÎkumee°, -ei° bùku˙°
fÎkuu˙° fÎkushàchoo director fÎkumeni° fÎke°
fÎkueki° fÎkushànetsu fuäuchiri° fÎkumèru bùke
330 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

fÎkee°, -ei° pater- bukotsumono° fÎshiäi° fıshù buji˙°


nal line bùzaa fushiäìnu° bùshu fuji˙ù˙doo
fÎkèe, -èi par- fÎsai° dept, lia- fushÏkure° fÎshuu° fuji˙ka°
ents, guardians, bilities fÎshÏkuredàtsu fùjiyuu fujì˙kai
disrespect fısai husband fujigòko Bùshuu fuji˙gàkkyuu
fÎkèe°, -èi° female “ wife fujiäòkoro bushùuäi fÎshì˙äami
police o‚cer fuzai° Fujisawa° fujùubu˙ fÎshì˙ka˙
bùäee, -ei fÎsàika Fùjisa˙ bushıka˙° fujì˙äutsu
fÎkèekai, -èi- busàiku fÎshizukè° fujuku° fuji˙kèeka˙, -èi-
fÎkèeki, -èi- fuzaijìnushi fujizuru° bùjutsu fÎshì˙koo
fÎkèezai, -èi- fuzaitòohyoo fÎshìze˙ fÎshùbi fuji˙zàsshi
buäèesha, -èi- fÎsakàzari fujidana° fuju˙° fÎshì˙ji˙, bu-
fÎkekòmu fÎsaäari° fÎshìdara fujù˙butsu fÎshì˙setsu
bukejìdai fÎsaäaru° fujichaku° fùjo fÎshì˙ni˙
fÎkèshuu fÎsaäi° fushÏchoo° bùsho fÎshi˙nì˙a˙
bukezùkuri fÎsaäikòmu fùjitsu° in a few fÎshoo° fÎshi˙ba°
bukesèeji, -ei- fÎsaäinomushi° days, at an fujoo° fÎshì˙ba˙°
fÎketsu° fÎsaku° early date bùshoo° general, fÎshì˙bi
fÎketòri° fÎsaäu° fùjitsu insinceri- military com- fuji˙byoo°
fÎkeyaku° fÎsàkui ty, faithless- mander fujì˙fÎku
bukeyàshÏki fÎsaäeru° ness, disloyalty bushòo lazy, in- fujì˙boo
fÎkèru fÎzakèru bushÏtsu° dolent fuji˙mono°
fÎke˙° paternal busata° bushìtsÎke° fÎshòoka fuji˙mò˙dai
rights, hus- busàhoo fijitsumono° fÎshòoji fÎshì˙yoo
band's rights bùzama° fùshÏte fÎshòojiki fuji˙yoo°
fıke˙ prefectures fÎsaryòori Fujitèrebi fÎshòosha fısù
fuäe˙° fÎcharyòori fush˜do fÎshòochi fùzu
fÎkè˙koo fÎsawashìi bushìdoo° bushòohiäe bùsu
fÎkè˙shÏki fÎsa˙° fujitòza˙ fÎshoobùshoo fuzui°
fuäe˙jikkoo° Fùza˙, Pısa˙ fujinami° fÎshòofuzui° bùsui°
buäè˙sha fÎsà˙ka fujibàkama fÎshòohee, -ei fuzuiìki˙°
fÎkè˙ze˙ fÎsà˙see, -ei fujibìtai bushoomòno° fÎsùu
fuäe˙bòsatsu fùshi, fÎshì fa- fÎshìbushi fujòomo˙ busùu
fÎkòo ther “ son fujima° fujooyàkuni˙ fùzuki
fuäoo° fÎshì melody, fÎshìmatsu fujòori bùsÎki
bukoo° joint, knob fujimaryuu° fujòki˙° fuzùkue
fugòokaku, -ä- fuji° wisteria fÎshimàwashi fÎshoku° fÎsumà°
fÎkòohee, -ei fùji incurable, FÎshìmi bujoku° fÎsumàäami
fÎkoomonò° unexpected fujimi° fÎshokùdo fÎsumaäoshi°
fugòori, -ä- bùshi FÎshimìjoo fujòshi fÎsùru
fÎkoku° buji° fujimùsume fÎshòzo˙ fÎsè°
bukoku° fÎshiana° fujimuràsaki fujòryoo fÎsee°, -ei°
fÎkòkÎkyoohee, fÎshiàwase fÎshimè° down- Fujiwara° fùzee, -ei taste,
-ei fujiiro° cast eyes Fujiwaràkyoo° elegance, ap-
bukokùzai° fÎshioäàmu° fÎshimè knot, Fujiwarajìdai pearance, en-
fÎkòkoroe bushÏkàtaäi turning point fÎshi˙° tertainment,
bukotsu° Fujikawa° fÎshimeäachi° fuji˙° hospitality
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 331

fùzee°, -ei° pre- fÎta° fÎtamatà° fıchoo prefec- bukkiri°


fectural tax fuda° fÎtamataäòoyaku tual o‚ce, butsuäiri°
bùzee°, -ei° buta° fÎtamà˙ head nurse bukkirìame
fÎsèeai, -èi- fÎtaake° FÎtamiäàura buchoo° fÎkkìru
fÎsèekaku fÎtaashimìashi fÎtamichì° buchòohoo fÎkkirèru°
fÎsèekoo, -èi- fÎtai° fÎtàme harmful, fÎchòowa fÎkki˙°
fÎseekòoi, -ei- fùdai° unprofitable fÎchì˙° fıkku
fÎsèesa˙, -èi- bùtai fÎtamè° for a fıtsù bukku° Buddhist
fÎsèejitsu, -èi- butaiìshoo second time bùtsu altar things
fÎseeshùda˙, -ei- butaiura° fÎtamono° FÎtsui˙° bùkku books
fÎsèeshÎtsu, -èi- butàiäao° fÎtàyaku fÎtsuu° bùtsuäu°
fÎsèeseki, -èi- butaikà˙toku fÎtarì° fÎtsuuka° bukkÎkàbaa
fÎsèeto˙, -èi- butaiäèeko, -èi- fÎtarizure° fÎtsuukyòoki butsÎkÎsa
fÎsèemyaku, -èi- butàiäeki fÎtaritomo° fÎtsùuji˙ fÎkkùra
fÎsèeritsu, -èi- fÎtaikètsuäi fÎtarimae° fÎtsuusè˙kyo butsÎkeru°,
fÎseki° butaisùäata fÎta˙° fÎtsuumèeshi, -èi- buttsÎ-
fÎseäì butaisòochi fùda˙° fÎtsuuyòki˙ fÎkke˙°
fÎsèäu: fÎseäànai, fudaidàimyoo fudà˙äi butsue˙° bukke˙°
fÎseäòo, fÎseäi- butaichùukee, -ei buda˙sèeji, -èi- fÎtsuka° fıkko°
màsu, fÎsèede, butàichoo fuda˙soo° bukka° prices FÎtsuäo°
fÎsèäeba, fÎsèäe fÎtaìtòko fÎchì bùkka Nirvana bùkko°
fÎseji° butaibìraki bùchi butsuäa° butsuäo°
fÎsetsu° butàime˙ buchiaäèru° bukkaki° fÎkkoo°
fÎsèssee, -ei fÎtairò° buchiatàru° bukkaku° fÎtsùäoo
fÎsenui° fÎtàè fÎchikàäari fÎkkakèru° bukkoo°
fÎsèru fÎtaemàbuta buchÏkòmu bukkash˜sùu FÎkkòochoo
fÎse˙° fÎtaoya° buchÏkoròsu° bukkàdaka fÎkkoku°
fuze˙° fÎtakawàme buchÏkowashi° fÎkkatsu° fÎkkochoo°
buze˙° fÎtaku° buchÏkowàsu° fÎkkàtsısai fÎkkòmu
fÎse˙shoo° butakÎsa° fÎchìji fÎtsuka bukkoròsu°
fÎse˙jòoyaku fÎtakumì° fÎchìse° fÎtsukayoi° bussa˙°
fÎse˙pai° fÎtàketa fÎchidorì° butsÎkaru°, bùsshi supplies,
fÎsè˙mee, -ei fÎtatsumè° fÎchidòru buttsÎ- goods, resources
fısò fÎtatsuwake° buchinùku fÎkka˙° bùsshi° Buddhist
busoo° fÎtatsuwari° buchinomèsu° fıkki° reversion image sculptor
fÎsòooo fÎtatè° puchiburu° fùkki, fùuki rich- bùtsuji°
busookàijo fÎtàtose fÎchimai° es “ honors; busshÏki°
fÎsoku° futadomè° buchimakèru° wealth “ rank busshÏtsu°
fuzoku° fÎtànànuka fÎchaku° bùtsuäi busshÏtsuteki°
bùzoku° butaniku° fÎcharyòori fÎkkyuu° busshari°
fuzokuäo° fÎtànò fÎchùu fÎkkyuukòoji pÎsshùho˙
fuzokıhi˙° fÎtàba fÎchùui fÎtsuäyoo° busshoo°
fuzokùbutsu butabako° FÎchuukèeba, -èi- Bùkkyoo butsujoo°
fÎsokÎfùri FÎtabatee Shì- fÎchoo° failure, bukkyooò˙äaku busshòoe
fuzòroi, fÎsò- mee, -tei, -mei repture, sign, bukkyòoto fÎsshoku°
fÎso˙° fÎtàba˙ mark, symbol, bukkyoobìjutsu busshoku°
Bùso˙ fÎtàhyaku code, password bukkìràboo busshì˙°
332 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

bussee°, -ei° fÎttòbu fÎteek˜se˙°, -ei- butoo° fÎtokuyòoryòo


butsuzee°, -ei° fÎttobòoru fÎtèesai, bu-, -èi- budoo° grape, fÎtokoro°
butsuze˙° fÎttoràito fÎteeshùuso, -ei- grapevine fÎtokoroäàtana
fùsso fÎttowàaku bùtìkku bùdoo material fÎtokoròäami°
bussòo butsunoo° fudeirè° arts, samurai fÎtokorokà˙joo
butsuzoo° butsubachi° pùdi˙äu precepts fÎtokorogùai, -ä-
bussokıseki buppanàsu° fudeäàshira fudòoi fÎtokorotsùäoo
busso˙° buppi˙° fÎteki° fÎtòoitsu fÎtokorode°
Bùdda, Bùtsuda buppì˙zee, -ei fùdeki budooiro° fÎtòsa°
buttai° fıtsufÎtsu fÎtèkÏkaku, fÎtòoeki fÎtozao°
buttaòsu butsubutsu° -èkkaku butòokai fÎtoji°
buttaorèru eruptions, ras- fÎtèkÏsatsu fudòokabu fÎtòshÏta°
buttaäìru hes, pimples fÎtèkÏtoo Budòoka˙ fÎtòcchò
buttakùru bùtsubutsu to fÎtèkini˙ fÎtòokoo fÎtopparà°
buttamaäèru mutter fÎtèäiwa fudòosa˙° fÎtòdoki
butsuda˙° butsubutsÎkòo- fÎtekÎsàru° fÎtòoshÏki fÎtodokimonò°
bucchiäai° ka˙ fÎtekÎsare° budòoshu fÎtomaki°
bucchoozura° fÎtsubu˙° fÎtekÎsarèru° fudòoshi˙ budòmari
fÎtsùtsuka fÎtsubù˙äaku fudekÎse°, -ä- fudòoso˙ fÎtomè°
fÎtsutsÎkamonò° fÎtsuhoo° fudesakì° fudootai° fÎtomono°
buttsÎke° buppòo fudezuka° budoodana° fÎtomòmo°
buttsÎkeho˙ba˙° buppòosoo fudezùkai budootoo° fÎtorìji˙
buttsÎkeru° butsubòsatsu fudezutsu° fudòotoku fÎtòru: fÎtorà-
buttsuzuke° butsuma° fudetàtè fudoohyoo° nai, fÎtoròo,
fÎttsùri butsumetsu° fudetsÎki° butoobyoo° fÎtorimàsu, fÎ-
pÎttsùri, buttsù- butsumo˙° fÎtèttee, -ei fÎtofÎkutsu° tòtte, fÎtòreba,
fÎttee°, -ei° fÎtsuyaku° fÎtene° Fùdoomyooòo fÎtòre
butteki° butsùyoku° fudebako° fÎtòomee, -ei fÎto˙°
buttekÏshòoko° bùtsuri fudebùshòo fÎtoori° fÎtò˙hoshi
butsudeshi° fÎtsùriai fÎtebuteshìi fudòori fÎto˙mushi°
fıtte° butsurikàäaku fudebuto° fÎtoorìtoku fÎto˙ya°
butte˙° butsurìäaku fudepe˙° fÎtooroodookòoi fÎtò˙wata°
butsude˙° butsuriteki° fudemàki° fÎtoäaki° fùna
bùtto butsurihè˙ka fudemame° Fudòki bùna
fÎttoo° butsuryuu° fudeya° fÎtoku° immo- funaashì°
buttoo° fÎtsuryoo° fıto° suddenly, rality funaàsobi
butsudoo° Bud- butsuryoo° phys- unexpectedly fÎtòku° female fùnai
dhist statue ical therapy fÎtò thick, fat virtues bùnai
temple butsùryoo° fÎtòi: fÎtòkatta, bùtoku funaìkÎsa
butsùdoo° Bud- amount of fÎtòku, fÎtòkÎ- fÎtòkui funaita°
dhist enlight- resources te, fÎtòkereba, fÎtòkıka˙ funaitàbee, -ei
enment fÎtsuwa° fÎtòshÏ fÎtòkùäi funàuta
buttooshi° pÎtsù˙, pÎttsù˙ fÎtoo° fÎtòkÎsaku funàosa°
buttòosu° fude° fudoo° inequali- fÎtòkÎshi fùnàka
fÎttòote˙ fÎtee°, -ei° ty, fluctuation fÎtòkÎtee, -ei funaäàisha
fÎttobàsu° bùtee°, -ei° fùdoo woman's fÎtokÎteetasùu, funakàji°
buttobàsu° fÎtèeki, -èi- duties -ei- funàäu
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 333

funaäura° fùne fÎhèeki˙, -èi- fumikoròsu fumè˙boku


funàko° fune˙° bubetsu° fumishidàku fumoo°
funaäoya° funè˙gomi fÎhe˙° fumishimèru fumotò
funàji° fune˙jùutaku fùbe˙ fumizùkai fumo˙°
funajìrushi fune˙see°, -ei° fubè˙kyoo fumizùkue bùmo˙
funàzushi funè˙butsu fÎhe˙sh˜ho˙ fumidai° fuyakàsu
funazumì° funoo° fÎhè˙shoku fumitaòsu fuyakèru
funazoko° funori° fÎhe˙see°, -ei° fumidàsu fuyàjoo
funadàiku fÎhai° fÎhe˙teki° fumida˙° fuyàsu
funatabi° fubai° fÎhe˙fÎtoo° fumitsÎke° fuyù
funadama° fubaiù˙doo fùbo fumitsÎkèru fuyuu°
funadàmari fubaidòomee, -ei fÎhoo° fumitsubùsu bùyuu
funàchi˙ fÎhaku° frivolous fÎhookà˙ki˙ fumido° buyùude˙
funatsÎkì° fùhaku, fÎhaku° fÎhookòoi fumidòkoro° fuyùubutsu
funatsÎkibà° fabric, cloth fÎhooshòji fumitodomàru fuyùkai
funadè° fùbako fÎhoosè˙kyo fuminaràsu fuyuäàkoi
funadoko° fÎhatsu° fubòkai fuminijìru fuyuäata°
funadome° fubatsu° fubo˙° fuminuki° fuyuäare°
funadò˙ya fÎhatsùda˙ fÎhò˙i fuminùku fuyuki°
funàni° fubàrai bùma fumiba° fuyuäì°
funànushi bubàru fumaedòkoro° fumìbako fuyùkÏtòdoki
funànori fùbi fumàèru fùbako fuyukÎsa°
Funàbashi bubikì° bumashi° fumihazushi° fuyuäèshÏki
funabata° fubìji˙ fumàjime fumihazùsu fuyuäèshoo
fu˙bara° fuhìtsùyoo fuma˙° fumimadòu fuyuäoshi°
funàbito° fÎhyoo° fumà˙zoku fumimayòu fuyukòdachi
funàbi˙° fubyòodoo fùmi fumìmochi fuyuäòmori
funabè˙kee, -ei fÎhyòoba˙ fumiato° fumiyabùru fuyujìtaku
funamachì° fubi˙° inability, fumiaràsu fumiwakèru fuushòoäu˙
funàmushi dullness fumiishi° fumi˙° fuyuzòra°
funàmori° fùbi˙ poor, piti- fumiìta° fumì˙shoo° fuyùdori°
funayàdo° ful fumiirèru fumi˙fÎkyuu° fuyuba°
funayùuree, -ei buhi˙° fumie° fumu°: fumanai°, fuyubare°
funàyoi° fÎhì˙koo Fumio° fumòo, fumi- fuyùbi°
fùnare bufùuryuu fumikatamèru màsu, fu˙de°, fuyufÎku°
funawàtashi fùbuki fuiäara° fumèba, fumè fuyumuki°
buna˙° fufÎku° fumikiri° fùmuki fuyumono°
funìai fubùku fumikirìba˙° fumee°, -ei° fuyuyàsumi
fùniku° fubu˙° fumikìru bùmee, -ei fuyuyama°
funyòi bùbu˙ fumikudàku fumèesuu, -èi- fùyo
funi˙° bubù˙shoku Fùmiko fumèeyo, -èi- bùyo, bùyu
buni˙° bubu˙teki° fumikoèru fumèeryoo, -èi- fuyoo°
funì˙ka bubù˙teki° fumikoshi° fumèeroo, -èi- buyoo°
funì˙ki fubù˙hoo° fumikòsu fumetsu° fuyòoi
funì˙shoo° fubù˙ritsu fumikotàèru fume˙° buyooka°
funì˙joo fÎhee°, -ei° fumikomi° bùme˙ fuyookàzoku
funukè° fÎheeka°, -ei- fumikòmu fume˙dai° buyòoäeki
334 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

fuyòosha furadà˙su fura˙sıpa˙° burikaeshi° furitsuzùku°


fuyòojoo fùrachi fura˙suryòori burikàesu° furitsùmu
buyòoji˙ purachina° pura˙taa° furikàeru to fuirtsumòru°
fuyoosee°, -ei° furatsÎku° burà˙chi look back furitobàsu
fuyòodo buràkku bura˙dee° furikàèru to furihajime°
fuyoohi˙° buratsÎku° purà˙to° transfer fuirihanàsu
bùyobuyo° burakkÎhòoru bura˙do° furikakàru° furiharàu
Buràamusu burakkuyùumoa pura˙toyùshÎtsu furikakàru bùriburi
furai° burakkurìsÎto purà˙naa furikake° pùripuri
burai° furàsshu fura˙neru° furikakèru puripeedokàado
furaiäàeshi burasshi˙äu° fùri furikazàsu furihodòku
buràika˙° furàtoo bùru furikata° furimàku
furaikyuu° purattohòomu -buri°, -burì: hÏ- furiäàna° purimadò˙na
puràisu furàppaa sashiburi°, hÏ- furikabùru furimawàsu
furaito° puratonìkku sashiburì buriki° furimidàsu
puraido° puratonikkuràbu furiai° burikiìta furimùku
furaidoch˜ki˙ Puràto˙ furiàu burikiya° furimukèru
puràibashii puranetaryùumu furiaòäu furikìru purìmura°
furaipa˙° fùrano furiaäèru puurikura° bùryaku
puràibèeto Pùràha furiatèru furigeetoka˙° furiyàmu
burài˙do° Fùrafura° furiàrai furiko° furyuu°
buràusu bùrabura furìi furìkoo Buryùsseru
buràu˙ buràboo furìizaa furìäoto fùryo
burau˙ka˙° furamì˙äo furiisàizu furikodòkee, -ei furyoo°
burau˙sòosu pùramu furìijia furiäoma° buryoo°
purakàado furamè˙ko furìisu° furikomi° furyòke˙
bùraku puramòderu furìizu furikòmu furyoosàike˙
puragu° furàrì furiisÎtàiru furikomèru° furyooshòojo
furàkÎsho˙ buràrì furiitaa° furishÏkìru° furyooshòone˙
puràgomi furareru° furiitàimu furishibòru furyoosee, -ei°
puràza furawaapòtto furiidàiyaru furìshòo furyoohi˙°
burasaäari° fura˙° decom- burìichi furisÎtèru fùryoku
burasaäaru° position, rot, purìitsu furìsubii bùryoku
burasaäeru° ulceration furiitòoki˙äu purizumu° buryokÎkòoshi
burashi° fùra˙ franc, furan furiipàsu furisosòäu° fùriru
buràjaa pùra˙ furiihà˙do furisodè° furiwake°
Burajiru° furà˙ki burìif furisodesùäata furiwakèäami
furàsu furà˙ku furiimàaketto furidashi° furiwakèru
pùrasu° burà˙ku furiirà˙saa furidashini˙° furi˙°
purasuàrufaa purà˙kıto˙ friuäokàsu furidàsu pùrì˙
furasÎko° Fura˙ke˙shÎtài˙ furiuri° furitatèru purì˙su
purasÎchìkku Bùrà˙ko furìeki fùritsu° puri˙sumèro˙
furasÎtorèesho˙ Fura˙su° furiotòsu furitsÎke° purì˙sesu
burasubà˙d Fura˙sÎkàku- furioròsu furitsÎkèshi puri˙taa°
puràzuma° mee, -ei furikae° furitsÎkèru puri˙to°
purasumàinasu Fura˙suäo° furikaekyùujitsu burìkko furu° to shake,
puratànasu Fura˙sùji˙ furikaekòoza burìjji to wave: fura-
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 335

nai°, furòo, fu- furukÎsài furuwaseru° purehabu° purodàkÎsho˙


rimàsu, fÎtte°, furukòosu fure° shaped furemawàru furòkku
furèba, furè fùrusa width puremiamu° buròkku
fùru to fall: furà- burusaäeru° furè° o‚cial no- furèaa, -rèyaa burokkÎkèezai,
nai, furòo, furi- furùsato tice, proclama- purèryùudo -èi-
màsu, fıtte, fÎt- furushÏki° tion fureru° furokkÎkòoto
tè, fùreba, fùre burujoa° fureai° burèru burokkùbee, -ei
bùru burujoàjii fureàu fure˙zokÎse˙° bròkkorii
furui° to sieve, furushì˙bu˙ furee°, -ei° furè˙chi puròtto
to sifter furùsu° bùree, -ei fure˙chidorès- furòppii
furùi old, old- furuzuke° bureekoo°, -ei- shi˙äu purotèi˙
fashioned furusÎpìido furèe bure˙do° purotèkÎtaa
bùrui° bùruzo˙ purèe, -èi fùro purotèsÎta˙to
furuiokòsu furutàimu bureekaa° pùro purodyùusaa
furuiotòsu furudànuki pureigàido, -ee- furòa, -ròaa producer
furuike° furùchi burèeki furoàäari furobà
furuitàtsu furutte° furèezu Furòito° puròpaa
furuitsıku furutsùwàmono pureeto° buròiraa puropakà˙da
furuido° furutè° furèebaa furoo° furòba˙°
furuiwake° furùdera° pureibòoi, -ee- buròokaa puròpa˙
furuiwakèru furudòoäu° purèebòoru, -èi- buròoku˙ puropa˙gàsu
furuu° furudooäuya° fureemu° furoòke purofìiru,
burùu burudòozaa purèeyaa furòoji puròfiru
buruukàraa burudòggu burèe˙ furòosha purofèssaa
burùusu purutòppu purèe˙ furooshòtoku purofèsshonaru
furùutsu purutonìumu, puree˙sòoda, buròochi furòfÎki
furuutsÎkèeki -nyùu- pure˙- furoochàato puropèra°
furuutsÎpàaraa furutori° fureäaki° furoochòoju puropòosho˙
furuutsÎpò˙chi furunàjimi furèkÏshiburu, -ei° furòoto puropòozu
furùuto, -ryùu- furunèemu furekomi° buroodo° buromàido
buruubèrii fùrubàkku furekòmu buroodobà˙do puromunàado
furue° furubìru burèzaa furooni˙° puromòosho˙
furueaäàru furufÎku° burezaakòoto furoofùshi puromòotaa
furueäòe° fùrubèesu furejoo° furoori˙äu° furòya
furueru° bùrupe˙ pùrèsu furòäama° puroyàkyuu
puruòobaa furubòoshi furesÎko° furoku° puroresu°
furukàite˙ furubokèru puresÎsè˙taa buroäu° puroretària
furuäao° furuho˙° burèsÎto° purogùràmaa puroròogu
furukane° furuho˙ya° puresÎhàmu purogùramu fùro˙
furùkabu° bùrumaa, -ma burèsuretto puròjèkÎto furo˙gàsu
Burugaria° furumài° purèze˙to furoshÏki° burò˙zu°
Furùkawa furumàizake furedàiko furoshÏkizùtsumi furò˙tia
furuäì° furumàu puretapòrute puròsesu furo˙to°
furùkizu° furumàraso˙ furekkÎsÎtàimu purosesÎchìizu burò˙do°
furuäìtsune furumekashìi puresshaa° furòse˙ purò˙pÎtaa
furiäiya° furumono° furèsshu furòdai° fùwa
fùruku furuwasu° furèsshuma˙ furotàkì fùwaku°
336 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

fuwakè° bu˙kakooròosha bu˙äè˙ bu˙shooka° bu˙tsuu°


buwakè° bu˙kakòkka bu˙ki˙äaku bu˙shootai° bu˙te˙°
fuwàtari° bu˙kàsai bu˙ko° bu˙jòochi fù˙do
fuwataritèäata bu˙kàzai bu˙äo° fu˙shoku° fù˙nu
fuwafuwa° soft, fu˙kàza˙ fu˙äoo° fu˙shokÎkèssa˙ pu˙to°
flu‡y bu˙kàshi bu˙koo° fu˙shokòoju, fu˙too°
fùwafuwa fligh- bu˙kajìäyoo bu˙äoo° fù˙sho kòoju fu˙doo°
ty behavior bu˙kàji˙ bu˙kòoki bu˙shìryoo bu˙too°
fùwaraidoo bu˙kaji˙rùiäaku bu˙äosùidoo fu˙shi˙° bu˙dòki
fù˙ bu˙kasèekatsu, bu˙äotai° fu˙ji˙° fu˙doshi°
bù˙ -èi- bu˙kotsu° bu˙shi˙° fu˙doshÏkàtsuäi
bu˙a˙° Bu˙kàchoo fu˙kotsÎsaishi˙° bu˙ji˙° bu˙dori°
bù˙i bu˙katsu° bu˙koba˙° bu˙ji˙äa° bu˙dorìhi˙°
fu˙ìki bu˙katsubàrai bu˙äobushi° fu˙sui° bu˙dòru
bu˙i˙° bu˙kateki° bu˙äòbu˙° bu˙sui° bu˙naäùru°
bu˙u˙° Bù˙kanohi bu˙kobo˙° bu˙sùiree, -ei fu˙nyuu°
fu˙e˙° bu˙kahòosoo fu˙sai° bu˙sùu fu˙nyoo°
fu˙ka° bu˙kàra˙ bu˙sai° fu˙zukèru bu˙noo°
bù˙ka° di‡eren- bu˙ka˙° bù˙zài fu˙zumarì° bù˙pa°
tiation, specia- fù˙ki bu˙satsu° fu˙sùru bu˙bai°
lization, de- fù˙äi bu˙sa˙° bu˙see°, -ei° bu˙pai°
partment bù˙ki° fu˙shi° bu˙seki° bu˙pakàtsudoo
bù˙ka culture, bu˙k˜te˙ bù˙shi bu˙setsu° fu˙patsu°
liberal arts, fu˙kyuu° bù˙ji fu˙se˙° fu˙barì°
humanities bu˙kyoo° bu˙shìäeki fu˙ze˙° fu˙bàru
bu˙kai° Bu˙kyòoku bu˙shìshÏki bu˙se˙° fu˙pa˙°
bu˙kaìsa˙ bu˙kyoojoo° fu˙shÏtsu° bu˙se˙koo° bu˙pa˙°
bu˙kaisòoji bu˙kyooch˜kù bu˙shÏtsu° fu˙soo° fu˙pa˙mono°
bu˙kaèeäa, -kaèi- bu˙kyoku° fu˙jibàru bu˙soo° bu˙pÏtsu°,
bu˙kàkai fu˙äiri° fu˙sha° bù˙soooo bu˙pi° secre-
bu˙kakàäaku fu˙äìru bu˙jaku° fu˙zorikàeru tion
bu˙kaku° bu˙ki˙° bu˙shuu° bu˙so˙° bu˙pÏtsu° liter-
bù˙äaku bu˙ki˙takashì- bu˙shÎku° bu˙tai° ary work
bu˙äàkısai mada fu˙shÎtsu° bu˙dai° bu˙pÏtsùäyoo
bu˙äakuza° bù˙äu° fu˙sho° bu˙tàichoo bu˙pÏtsùbutsu,
bu˙äakÎsà˙po bu˙ke° bù˙sho docu- fu˙dakùru bu˙pìbutsu
bu˙äàkıshi fu˙kee°, -ei° ment, record, fu˙darikèttari fu˙byoo°
bu˙äàkıshoo bu˙kee°, -ei° achives fu˙ta˙° bù˙bu
bu˙äakÎsèene˙, bù˙äee°, -ei° bù˙sho° public bu˙ta˙° shar- bù˙pu°
-èi- bu˙äèiäaku agency, branch ing, allotment bùmbukÎchaäa-
bu˙äakÎhàkÎ- Bu˙äeeshù˙juu, o‚ce bu˙tà˙° citrus ma
shi, -kÎhàkase -ei- bu˙shoo° divi- grandis bu˙pùzu
bu˙äàkùbu bu˙äeefıkkoo, -ei- sion of duties bu˙da˙° fu˙pu˙°
bu˙äakùro˙ bu˙äèera˙, -èi- bù˙shoo compo- fu˙da˙ni° bù˙bu˙
bu˙kakù˙shoo fu˙äeki° sition, style, bù˙chuu° pu˙pu˙° to
bu˙kakee°, -ei° bu˙äetsu°, bu˙ke- sentence bu˙choo° stink, to smell
fu˙kàkoo° bu˙ke˙° bu˙joo° bu˙chi˙° strongly
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 337

pù˙pu˙ to be fu˙ryuushÏki° hèekakirisaäe, beeäoma°, hei- heesoku°, hei-


indignant bu˙ryòo hèi- heesa°, hei- heezoku°, hei-
fù˙betsu bu˙rui° hèeäaku°, hèi- beezai°, bei- heesotsu°, hei-
bu˙betsu° bu˙rùiäaku Beekashi˙äìkai, heesaku°, hei- heetai°, hei-
fu˙betsuäao° fu˙ree°, -ei° Bei- beesaku°, bei- heeta˙°, hei-
fu˙betsÎkÎsài bu˙ree°, -ei° heekatsu°, hei- beesatsu°, bei- heeda˙°, hei-
fu˙betsuzàkari bu˙retsu° heeäàkkoo, hei- heesatsu°, hei- heetà˙bu, hei-
fu˙be˙° bu˙retsùshÏki heeka˙°, hei- heeza˙°, hei- heechi°, hei-
bu˙be˙° bu˙rètsıshoo heeäa˙°, hei- heeshi°, hei- fall- level ground
fù˙bo fu˙wàri heeki°, hei- calm- ing dead hèechi°, hèi- jux-
bù˙bo hè ness, un- hèeshi, hèi- sol- taposition
bu˙poo° hèa, hèya concern dier hèechoo°, hèi-
bu˙bòoäu, bu˙- pèa, pèaa hèeki weapon hèeji, hèi- heetee°, hei-
pòo- heakàraa hèeki co-writing heeshÏtsu°, hei- heete˙°, hei- to
bu˙booäuya°, heakurìimu heekinohèeza, heejitsu°, hei- shut up shop,
-poo- heasÎtàiru hei- Heejimonoäàta- wind up one's
fu˙po˙° heasÎpùrèe heeäyoo°, hei- ri, Hei- business
fu˙màèru headài° heekyoku°, hei- hèesha, hèi- hèete˙, hèi- our
fu˙matsu° heatònìkku heeki˙°, hei- hèeshu, hèi- shop
bu˙matsu° heabà˙do heeki˙jùmyoo, bèeju, bèi- heedoku°, hei-
bu˙màwashi heapìisu hei- heeshuu°, hei- heedo˙°, hei-
fu˙ma˙° heapì˙° heekì˙dai°, hei- beeshuu°, bei- heenetsu°, hei-
bu˙myaku° beari˙äu° heekì˙chi, hei- hèejutsu°, hèi- heene˙°, hei-
bu˙mi˙° hee°, hei° wall, heeki˙yòmee, hei- hèesho, hèi- heenè˙saku, hei-
fù˙mu fence heekì˙ritsu, hei- hèejo°, hèi- heene˙nami°, hei-
fu˙mùki hèe, hèi soldier, hèeke, hèi- heeshoo°, hei- hèeba, hèi-
bu˙mee°, -ei° troops, bad heekee°, hei- heejoo°, hei- heehaku°, hei-
bu˙meekàika, -ei- custom heeäai°, hei- Heejookyoo°, beebaku°, bei-
bu˙mèekoku, -èi- bèe, bèi heekèäani, hei- Hei- heehatsu°, hei-
bu˙mèeji˙, -èi- pèi heekebìwa, hei- heejòoshi˙, hei- peebàkku, pei-
bu˙meebyoo°, -ei- Heea˙°, Hei- heekebòtaru, hei- heejòote˙, hei- hèeha˙°, hèi-
bu˙mè˙° eeà˙kyoo°, Hei- Heekemonoäàta- beeshoku°, bei- heeba˙°, hei-
fu˙mo˙° eea˙jìdai, Hei- ri, Hei- heejòbu˙, hei- beeba˙°, bei-
bù˙ya hèei°, hèii° heeäe˙°, hei- heeshi˙°, hei- bèebi, hèi-
fu˙yu° hèeihaboo, hèii- Beeäo°, Bei- heeshi˙teetoo°, heefuu°, hei-
bù˙yo heei˙°, heii˙° heekoo°, hei- hei- heefÎku°, hei-
bù˙raku heeee°, heiei° heeäoo°, hei- beesuäi°, bei- beefu˙°, bei-
fu˙ra˙° heeeki°, heie- heekookà˙kaku, heesùru, hei- hèehee, hèihei-
bù˙ri° separation, heee˙°, heie˙° hei- heesee°, hei- peepèe, peipèi
segregation beee˙°, beie˙° heekooshihè˙- heeseki°, hei- heeheeta˙ta˙°,
bù˙ri literature peiòfu kee, hei- heesetsu°, hei- heihei-
“ science heeo˙°, heio˙° heekoose˙°, hei- heese˙°, hei- heeheebo˙bo˙°,
bu˙riäàkubu, -g- hèeka, hèi- heekòoboo, hei- heeze˙°, hei- heihei-
bu˙rikàzee, -ei bèeka, bèi- Beekoku°, Bei- hèeso, hèi- heehoo° square,
bu˙ritsu° heekai°, hei- beekokunè˙do, bèeso, bèi- hei-
fu˙ryuu° heeäai°, hei- hei- hèesoo hèehoo°, hèi- mili-
bu˙ryuu° heekàishÏki, hei- heeäoshi°, hei- heesòochoo, hei- tary tactics
338 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

heehòoko˙, hei- hèekoro peki˙kà˙wa hetakısò bekke°


heebo˙°, hei- bèeko˙ peki˙gè˙ji˙ betaäumi° bekke˙°
heemaku°, hei- beeko˙èggu peki˙dàkku hedatarì° betsuäe˙°
beematsu°, bei- peeji° hèäu hedatàru bekke˙tàiho
heemyaku°, hei- pèeje˙to hekÎtàaru betatsÎku° bèkko°
heemi˙°, hei- bèeshìkku bekÎtoru° hedatè bètsuäo
heemi˙teki°, hei- bèeju° bèkureru hedateäamashìi bekkoo°, betsÎ-
heemee°, hei- beesu° hègèmonii hedateäòkoro koo° section,
heemè˙, hei- pèesu hekoobi° hedatèru chapter, para-
heeme˙kyoo°, hei- beesuàppu hekotareru° betanuri° graph
heemè˙zu, hei- beesÎkyà˙pu begonia° hetabàru bekkòo° tortoise-
heeme˙zùkee, hei- peesÎto° pekopeko° to be hètaheta shell
heeme˙teki°, hei- beesubòoru awfully hungry betabeta° betsuäoo°
heemotsu°, hei- peesumèekaa pèkopeko to betamome° betsÎkòodo
heemo˙°, hei- pèesosu cringe to betabore° bekko˙°
hèeya, hèi- beetakàrochi˙ hekomasu° betàyuki° bessatsu°
-hèeya: Ka˙too- beechettobyoo° hekomaseru° hetarikòmu betsuzara°
hèeya Beetòobe˙, -ve˙ hekomi° pèdaru° bèsshi°
hèeyu, hèi- peehàa hekomu°, -kk- peda˙ch˜kku bètsuji
heeyuu°, hei- peepaa° hesakì° pèchÏka, pèe- betsujìtate
heeyoo°, hei- peepaatàoru heshiòru° hechima° besshÏtsu°
heera˙°, hei- peepaadoràibaa bèjitaburu hechimàeri besshÏte°
hèeri, hèi- peepaapùra˙ bejitària˙ pèchakÎcha besshu°
heeyuu°, hei- pèebume˙to pashimìsÎto pèchapecha besshoo°
heeyoo°, hei- hèehee peshimìzumu pechà˙ko betsujoo°
heera˙°, hei- bèeru peshà˙ko° betsu° special, betsuji˙°
hèeri, hèi- Beoguràado bèsÎto exclusion betsuzuri°
beirìifu heo˙kìäoo pèsÎto bètsu° distinc- bessee°, -ei°
heeritsu°, hei- pègasasu besÎtosèraa tion: da˙jobe- besseki°
heeryaku°, hei- bekàrazu besÎtòtè˙ tsu°, kunibetsu° bessoo°
hèeryoku, hei- hèki besÎtodorèssaa betsuàtsurae bessòo
heeretsu°, hei- heäì besÎtomè˙baa betsui˙° bessòoba˙°
heewa°, hei- bèki hezùru betsuuri° bettaku°
heewaù˙doo, hei- heäiìta° heso° bèkka° hettakure°
heewakàiäi, hei- hekieki° bèso bekkaku° betsudate°
heewakyooso˙°, hekie˙° hesokurì° betsuäaku° bettaràichi
hei- hekiäa° hesokurìäane bekkakÎka˙pèe- bettarazuke°
heewajòoyaku, hekÏka˙° hesokùru sha, -pèi- bettàri
hei- hekiäa˙° hesocha° bèkkàkkoo betsuda˙°
pei˙kurìnikku hekiäyoku° hesonòo° bekka˙° pettà˙ko
pei˙to° heÏsuu° hesomàäari° betsukà˙joo hecchara°
bèekarii hekÏso˙° heta° calyx bèkki° pecchà˙ko
beeki˙äupàudaa hèkÏchi° hetà lack of bekkyo° becchi˙°
Beekuràito hekÏtoo° skill, poor betsuäyoo° hettsui°
bèeguru hekimè˙° bètaa betsuäùu° bettee°, -ei°
Hèegeru hekireki° betaahàafu betsukÎchi° betsude˙°
beeäoma° Pèki˙ bètaichime˙ betsuäu˙° bettè˙chi
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 339

hètto betotsÎku° henohenomòheji heripòoto he˙àtsıki


hèddo Betonamu° hebereke° herìumu, -ryùu- he˙a˙jò°
bètto° hetoheto° pepero˙chìino heru° to decrea- hè˙i
bèddo bètobeto° hèbo se, to be hun- bè˙i
pètto hèdomodo Hèbo˙ gry: heranai°, he˙iki°
bettoo° hedoro° hebo˙shÏki° herimàsu, het- be˙itai°
betsudootai° henachoko° hèma te°, herèba he˙u˙°
beddotàu˙ henatsÎchi° hemamushonyùu- hèru to pass, to he˙ee°, -ei°
heddohà˙taa hènahena° doo elapse hè˙ka
pettobòtoru penàrutii hemamushinyùu- bèru pe˙äa°
heddòho˙, -hòo˙ penarutiik˜kku doo Pèruu he˙kai°
heddoràito pena˙to° hèmu Berugìi be˙kai°
heddorà˙pu bèni hemoguròbi˙° Berusàiyu he˙kàkyuu
bettòri beniiro° heyà hèrushii he˙kaku°
beddorùumu bèniòshiroi heyaäì° Pèrusha he˙äaku°
betsununo° beniäara° heyazumi° perushanèko be˙äaku°
betsunoo° benizàke° heyàdai° herusÎsè˙taa be˙äara°
bèppa° benìzara heyaboshi° hèrutsu be˙äarajima°
pèppaa benishòoäa heyawari° berutsısui he˙ka˙°
beppai° penishiri˙° hèra beruto° bè˙ki
betsubara° Bènisu bera° berutoko˙bèyaa bè˙äi
beppyoo° pènisu pèra herunia°, -iya° pe˙ki°
heppirìäoshi° benizome° herakùresu hèrupaa be˙äijoo°
betsubi˙° benibana° herasu° hèrupesu be˙äiteki°
beppi˙° benìfude herazùäuchi° berubètto pe˙kiya°
Beppu° benìmasu° heràdai° herumètto he˙kyaku°
betsubetsu° beniya° herabuna° berumòtto he˙kyoo°
beppoo° beniyaìta hèrahera Berurì˙° be˙kyoo°
heppoko° Benechia° bèrabera° bèree be˙kyooka°
beppo˙° hènokappa pèrapera to lean, Here˙kèraa be˙kyòokai
betsuma° pepàamì˙to to grabble bèro be˙kyoozùkue
betsumune° hebaritsıku perapera° fluent heròi˙ be˙kyoobeya°
betsumee°, -ei° hebàru beraboo° berobero° dead he˙kyoku°
betsumono° hèbi beraboome° drunk, really he˙ki˙°
betsumò˙dai hèbii bera˙da° plastered pe˙gi˙°
betsuyoo° bèbii bera˙mèe bèrobero slurp- pe˙gi˙choo°
hetsurài bebìikàa bera˙meekòtoba slurp he˙kÎtsu°
hetsuràu hebiikyuu° heri° decrease, peròrì pe˙kùrabu
bètsuri bebiisàakuru fall he˙° neighbor- hè˙äe
betsurui° bebiish˜ttaa hèri helicopter hood, area, vol- he˙kee°, -ei°
betsuwaku° hebiisumòokaa herì edge, bor- ume Bè˙kee, -ei
hedi˙äu°, heddi- bebiidà˙su der hè˙ side, edge, he˙keejima°, -ei-
betera˙° hebiìchigo perika˙° funny, odd he˙ke˙°
pete˙° bebiipàudaa herukudàru° bè˙ he˙äe˙°
petè˙shi bebiifÎku herìkÎtsu pè˙ he˙äe˙sèkiäo
hèdo hebitsıkài herikòpÎtaa he˙ai° he˙äe˙sèkku,
betoko˙° bebe° herinashi° he˙atsu° -sèkÏku
340 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

bè˙äo he˙sùru bè˙to pe˙ràito hoèru


he˙koo° he˙zùru° he˙tòo° he˙ra˙° hoo° code
he˙kooba˙° be˙sùru he˙doo° be˙ra˙° hòo° report, news
be˙äòshi be˙zùru° be˙tòo bè˙ri hòo magnolia,
be˙äòda˙ he˙see°, -ei° he˙dòoki be˙rìshi gun, direc-
be˙äòni˙° he˙sèega˙, -èi- he˙toose˙° be˙riya° tion, field
hè˙sa he˙sèeki, -èi- be˙tòobako he˙ryòo hòho, hòo heek
be˙za° he˙seefuu°, -ei- be˙toomòchi he˙ri˙° boo° stick, rod,
be˙sai° he˙setsu° be˙tooya° he˙ree°, -ei° line, dash
he˙zai° be˙zetsu° he˙nyuu° be˙ree°, -ei° bòo a certain
be˙sai° he˙sètsıka˙ he˙nyuush˜kè˙ he˙reki° person
be˙zàite˙ he˙se˙° pè˙ne hè˙ro booatsu°
pe˙sàkì bè˙ze˙ pe˙nèemu be˙ro˙° hooate°
he˙sàchi he˙soo° he˙nè˙shi hò booami°
he˙shi° he˙zoo° he˙ne˙tai° bò hooa˙°
hè˙ji he˙sòokyoku he˙noo° hoashi° booà˙ki
bè˙shi be˙zòoru he˙nòoyu° hoa˙° hòoi compass
pe˙ji° he˙soku° hè˙pa hoà˙ka˙ point
pe˙jiku° he˙tai° he˙pai° hoa˙jòoree, -ei hòoi, hòoe ca-
he˙shÏtsu° he˙tàiäana° be˙paku° hoa˙yòoi˙ nonical robe
he˙shÏtsùsha pe˙dàko° be˙patsu° hòo hòoi° siege
hè˙sha, hè˙ja Pè˙tago˙ pè˙paru hoìiru bòoi° boy, wait-
he˙shu° be˙tatsu° hè˙pi hòiku° er
he˙shuu° pè˙da˙to be˙pi° hoikùe˙ bòoi tyranny
he˙shuukyoo°, hè˙chi he˙pÎku° hoàkıki hooìäaku
he˙shÏtsukyoo° bè˙chi he˙butsu° hoikujò° hooikòoäeki
pe˙shùuji pè˙chi pe˙furè˙do boikòtto booisÎkàuto
he˙shùusha be˙chaabìjinesu he˙pee°, -ei° bòisu booisòpurano
he˙shùuchoo he˙chÏkuri˙°, he˙pèesoku, -èi- poisÎte° hooitsu°
hè˙sho° -chÏki- be˙betsu° hoìssuru bòoìsshu
be˙jo° be˙chaakìäyoo Be˙bèrugu, -ä- hoìppu booifurè˙do
he˙joo° be˙chara° he˙pè˙° hoippÎkurìimu hooi˙°
be˙shoo° hè˙cho be˙bè˙° hò ìppo booi˙°
be˙shòohoo° he˙choo° pè˙pe˙ bòiraa booi˙booshoku°
he˙shoku° be˙chirèetaa pe˙pè˙äusa hòiru hòoe° Buddhist
pè˙shoku he˙tsuu° he˙boo° bòiru service
he˙jìru° be˙tsuu° he˙pòo° hòiro hooee°, -ei°
be˙jìru° pe˙di˙äu° be˙poo° boi˙° booee°, -ei°
pè˙shiru he˙teko° he˙po˙° poi˙sèchia Booèeshoo, -èi-
he˙shi˙° he˙tekori˙° bè˙maku° poi˙taa° Booeedaiäàkkoo,
he˙ji˙° he˙tetsu° be˙màkıshoo poi˙to° -ei-
bè˙ji˙ he˙te˙° be˙mùka˙ poi˙tokàado Booèechoo, -èi-
he˙shì˙ryoo he˙de˙° he˙mee°, -ei° pòejii booèehi, -èi-
he˙suu° remote be˙tè˙° be˙mee°, -ei° hoezurà° booèk˜shoo
region be˙te˙kozòo be˙moo° hoetatèru° booekÏtèäata
he˙sùu variable he˙de˙shò° he˙yaku° hoetsıku booek˜fuu°
he˙zùtsuu hè˙do he˙yoo° pòemu booekimàsatsu
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 341

hooetsu° hookatsÎteki° bookire°, -kk- bòoäo bòoshi a certain


hooèmu, hohoè- bookatòbira hooäi˙° hookoo° direc- person
mu hookàburi, hòoku, fòoku tion, course, boosh˜kake
hooe˙° -muri bòoku aim, perfume, hooshÏki°
booe˙° bookàheki pòoku roar, howl hoojìcha°
booe˙kyoo° hookàma bòoäu hòokoo service, booshÏtsu°
hooe˙dà˙u bookayòosui booäui° apprenticeship bòojitsu°
hooe˙noutsuwa° bookàri˙ bookuu° hooäoo° suture booshìbari
booe˙rè˙zu bookaru° bookuuè˙shuu hooäòo priest's boojima°
hoooo° visit to hooka˙° dia- bookuukù˙re˙ name hoosha° emis-
Europe dem, gunboat bookùuäoo bookoo° sion
hooòo° pope, Chi- hookà˙° profes- bookuuzùki˙ hookooò˙chi hòosha borax
nese phoenix sional male pookÎsòtee hookòoäuchi° booshiya°
Hoooodoo° entertainer, booäumi° hookoosaki° boojakumuji˙°
boooku° sycophant boogùrafu hookootè˙ka˙ hooshajoo°
hoooshì° hooäa˙° cannon- booku˙° margin- hookooni˙° hooshasee°, -ei°
hooo˙° ball, shot, to al notes hookoku° hooshase˙°
booo˙° include bòoku˙ one's bookoku° coun- hooshànoo
booo˙sòochi hòoäa˙, hà˙äa˙ deceased lord try ruin hoosharèekyaku,
booo˙heki judge, magi- bòoku˙° tyrant bòokoku certain -èi-
hooka° arson strate hookee°, -ei° country hooshu° head of
hòoka gunfire, booka˙° hooäee°, -ei° hookokÎshò° Buddhist sect
law depart- bookà˙äu bookee°, -ei° booäòheki hòoshu artillery-
ment hooäà˙shi bookeeäàisha, -ei- hòoko˙° man
hooäa° Japanese bookà˙sha hooäeki° bòoko˙° bòoju
film/painting booka˙teki° hooäèta° hooza° hooshuu°
hòoäa sprout, hooäa˙naäe° bòoäetsu bòoza° hoojuu°
beginning, hòoki to give hookèru boosai° booshuu°
awaking up, legisla- hooke˙° boosaimàppu booshùuzai°
bòoäa tion, statue hooäe˙° dialect, boosaki° hooshÎku°
pòokaa hooki° broom provincialism hoosaku° booshÎku°
pookaafèisu bòoäi hòoäe˙° dharma boosatsu° booshÎkukàkoo
hookai° hookìboshi eye hoosa˙° hooshÎku°
hooäai° hookimè° booke˙° boosa˙° hoojutsu°
booäai° hookyaku° booäè˙° violent hòoshi spore, boojutsu°
hookàiseki bookyaku° language, abu- Buddhist hooshÎtsubùsshi
hooäaku° booäyaku° sive words, lie monk, booze, hooju˙°
hooäàkıshi hookyuu° bòoäe˙ dissoluteness hoosho°
hooäakÎchìäai hookyuuseekà- hooke˙jìdai hòoshi° service, hòojo
hooäakÎhàkÎ- tsısha, -ei- hooke˙shàkai help bòojo
shi, -hàkase hookyuubi° hooke˙shùäi hooji° (Bud- hooshoo°
hooäàkùbu hòoäyo booke˙shòosetsu dhist) memor- hoojoo°
hookaäo° bòokyo hooke˙sèedo, -èi- ial service booshoo°
bookàzai° bòoäyo bookè˙da˙ hòoji bearing, boojoo°
bookase˙° hookyoo° hooke˙teki° presenting hoojòoe
hooäachoo° bookyoo° hòoko booshi° preven- Hoojòoki
hookatsu° hooäyoku° hooäo° tion, hat hooshooki˙°
342 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

hooshuuryuu° wrapping, hootee°, -ei° hoonoojìai hòohee, -ei artil-


hooshòoäami° broadcasting, hootèeshÏki, -èi- hoonoozùmoo leryman
hooshoku° lawyer hooteedairini˙°, hòonoki hoobee°, -ei°
booshoku° hòosoo smallpox -ei- hòoba booheki°
hooshoyaki° hoozoo° hooteede˙se˙- bòoha° hoobèni°
hoojìru° boosoo° byoo°, -ei- hoohai° boobeni°
hoojiro° hoosooèesee, -èisei hooteki° hoobai° hòobe˙
hooshi˙° hoosòokai hoote˙° boohaku° hoohoo°
hosshi˙° hoosòokyoku hoode˙° boobaku° hoobòo° sea robin
hooji˙° hoosòoäeki boote˙° hoohatsu° hòoboo all sides
booshi˙° hoosòoshi hoode˙ka˙° boohatsu° bòoboo rampant
booji˙° hoosòoshÏtsu hòoto boohatee°, -ei° growth of
hoojì˙zee, -ei boosòozoku bòoto boobàri something
hòosu Boosoohà˙too boodo° hoobàru booboo° burning
hoozu° hoosòomoo hootoo° booha˙° vigorously
bòozu hoosoku° hoodoo° hòohi hoohoonotèe, -èi
pòozu bòoda bootoo° hoobi° hoohòoro˙
boozuàtama pòotaa boodoo° bòobi hooboku°
hoosui° boodaarài˙ hoodook˜kà˙ boobiki° hoobone°
boosui° bòodàresu hoodòoji˙ hoohiäe° hòomaa
boosuikee°, -ei° hootai° hootoku° boohyoo° hoomaatsu°
boosuikàkoo hoodai° hoodoku° hòofu° hoomatsuäàisha
hoosùiro boodai° bootoku° hòobu° hoomatsÎkòohoo
hoozùe° bootàoshì boodoku° hòopu hooma˙°
boozuäari° bootàkàtobi boodomàsÎku boofu° preserva- hooma˙zàisee, -ei
hoozuki° boodachi° boodokùme˙ tion from decay hoomyoo°
hoozukìichi pòotàburu bootopìipuru bòofu my de- hòomu, fòomu
boozumàkura boodara° boodobìria˙ ceased father hoomuì˙
hoozùrì hootà˙° boodobìru boofuu° protect- hoomuguràu˙do
hoozùru° hooda˙° bootorèesu ing from wind hoomush˜kku
hoosu˙° booda˙° bootorèeto boofùu storm, Hoomùshoo
hoosee°, -ei° booda˙chòkki boodorèeru gale hoomusÎtèi
boosee°, -ei° hòochi° bootorèeru boofùuu hoomùsıpa˙
hooseeka°, -ei- bòochi pootowài˙ boofuukèehoo, -èi- hoomusè˙taa
hooseki° pòochi bòonasu boofùuke˙ hoomusò˙äu
booseki° hoochÏku° hoona˙° boofùuri˙° hoomudòkÎtaa
boosekiäàisha hooch˜koku hoonichi° hoofÎku° hoomudòrama
boosekìäyoo hoochÏkòkka hoonyoo° hoofÎkushùda˙ hoomudòresu
boosekÏkòojoo hoochaku° hooni˙° hoofÎkuzettoo° hoomupurèeto
boosetsu° boochuu° hooni˙shùäi boofùzai° hoomupèeji
boosetsùri° boochùuzai° hoonetsu° hoofÎtsu° hoomuhèrupaa
hoose˙° hoochoo° hoone˙° hoobutsıse˙° hoomumèedo
hooze˙° boochoo° boone˙° boofura°, -ri° hoomùra˙
boose˙° boochòoseki boonè˙kai hoobu˙° hoomùru
booze˙° boochootee°, -ei° hòone˙shooni˙ hoohee°, -ei° hoomurùumu
hoosè˙ka hoochooni˙° hoonè˙mushi o‡ering to a hòomuresu
hoosoo° packing, boochooni˙° hoonoo° Shinto god hoomee°, -ei°
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 343

boomee°, -ei° hooritsu° booro˙° bokÎshoku° hokuree°, -ei°


boomèesha, -èi- hooritsÎka° hoowa° hokÎshi˙° hoäurèru
hoomèeroku, -èi- hooritsùäaku hoo˙° bokÎshi˙° hokurò
hoome˙° release hooritsÎkèru boo˙° bòkÎshi˙äu bòke Japanese
from custdy hooritsÎkòoi hoka° hoäùsu quince
hoomè˙ direc- hooritsujimùsho pòka bokÎsùru bòkè senility
tion, line hoorinaäèru hokaku° hokÎsee°, -ei° hoäee°, -ei°
hoomoo° hòoryaku° hokàäe° bokuzee°, -ei° bokee°, -ei°
boomoo° bòoryaku° hokakebùne bokÎseki° bokeesee°, -eisei°
boomòoshi hooryuu° bokashì hokÎse˙° bokeesèedo, -eisèi-
hoomotsu° booryuu° bokàsu hokÎsoèmu hoäeese˙°, -ei-
hoomotsùde˙ Hòoryuujì hokanarànu bokÎsoo° hokekyoo°
hoomo˙° hooryoo° hokahoka°, hok- hokÎsoose˙° hòäeta°
hoomo˙kàiäo bòoryoku kaho- bokÎsòochi hoketsu°
hoomo˙kà˙äo booryokÎkòoi pòkapoka° Hokudai° boketsu°
hoomò˙äì booryokuzata° hoäàraka bokÎtaku° hoketsÎsè˙kyo
hoomò˙kyaku booryokùda˙ hoka˙° hokÎta˙° pòkètto
hoomo˙saki° hoori˙° boka˙° hòkÎchi pokettoäata°
hoomò˙sha boori˙äu° hokà˙ryoo bokuchÏku° pokettoba˙°
hoomo˙hà˙bai hooru° to give up hòki hokÎchoo° pokettobùkku
bòoya hòoru hall, hole bòki° bokÎtee°, -ei° pokettobèru
hooyaku° booru° board bokyàburarii hokÎteki° pokettomànee
hooyuu° bòoru° ball, bowl hokyuu° bokÎteki° hokeetsunyùuäa-
booyuu° pòoru° hokyuuki˙° hokÎtoo° ku
hooyoo° hoorui° hokyoo° bokutòo° bokenasu°
booyoo° hoorui˙wà˙ hoki˙° bokudoo° pokeberu°
hooyòryoku boorukàu˙to boki˙° hokÎtoshÏchìsee, bokebòoshi
hooyoku° booruäami° hokì˙sha -ei bokèru
booyomi° hoorudoàppu hòäu hokÎtòsei hoke˙°
bòoraa boorubako° boku° tree bokunè˙jì˙ boke˙°
pòoraa, -ra boorupe˙° bòku I, my hòkubu hokè˙i
hoorai° hooree°, -ei° hòkùi bòkÎfu hoke˙äàisha
hooraisa˙° booree°, -ei° Hokuoo° hokÎfuu° hokè˙ki˙°
hooraku° falling hooretsu° hokuäa˙° Hokubee°, -ei° hokè˙shi
in, to collapse hòore˙° hokuäu˙° hokÎhe˙° hokè˙sha
hòoraku enter- hoorè˙soo hokuäe˙° hòkÎhoku° hoke˙jò°
tainment bòoro° bòkÎsaa pòkÎpoku hokè˙fu
booraku° hooroo° HòkÎsai HokÎhokÎsee°, -ei° hokè˙ryoo
hooratsu° booroo° bokÎsatsu° HokÎhokÎtoo° hòko
hoora˙° hooròoshÏtsu hòkÎshi bokumetsu° hòäo
Pòorà˙do hooroosèekatsu, bòkÎshi° hokume˙° bòäo
hòori -èi- bòkÎsha bòkuya hokoo°
bòori hooroobiki° bòkÎshu hokuyoo° bòkoo
hooriaäè hooròoheki bokujuu° bokuyoo° hokòoki
hooriki° hòoroku° salary bòkÎsho hokuyoogyòäyoo hokòosha
hoorikòmu hooròkù ear- hokujoo° bòkura hoäokà˙satsu
hooridàsu thenware pan bokujoo° hoäurè hoäokà˙zee, -ei°
344 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

bòkoku ta, hòshÏku, ho- hòshu hòsÎtesu hosome°


bokokuäo° shìkÎte, hòshÏ- hoshuu° hòsÎto hosomèru
hoäòkoku kereba, hòshi hojuu° pòsÎto hosòru
hokosakì° hoshìimama boshuu° BòsÎto˙ hozo˙°
hoäòshi hoshìimo° hoshuuka° bosuto˙bàggu hozò˙shoku
hoäòsha hoshìuo boshùuda˙ hozuna° hota°, hoda°
hoäòshoku hoshiùdo˙ hoshùuhi hòsÎpisu potàaju
hoäòsu hoshiùranai hoshÎkee°, -ei° hosùru botai°
hoäosùiiki pòshètto hoshÎshùäi hosee°, -ei° bodai°
hoäochoo° hoshìebi hoshÎteki° hozee°, -ei° bodàijì
hokote˙° hoshÏka° hoshÎtoo° bosee°, -ei° bodàiju
hoäonèäao hoshìäaki hoshÎha° bosèeai, -èi- botaishò°
hoäobòoeki hoshÏkàäe° boshu˙° hoseki° bodàishi˙
hokora° boshÏkàtee, -ei hòjo boseki° hòtaka
hokòraka hoshiäàru bòsho hosetsu° hodasarèru°
hokorashìi hoshiäàree, -ei hojòisu hose˙° hodashì°
hokori° boshÏkà˙se˙ hoshoo° hoze˙° hodàsu
hokorippòi hoshikÎsa° hojoo° bose˙° hotatèäai
hokoriyoke° hoshÏkùzu° bojoo° hosè˙ku hodatèru°
hoäòri˙ hojikuridàsu° hoshooki˙° hòso bòtabota
hokòru hojikùru hoshooshò° hosòi: hòsokatta, pòtapota
hokorobàsu hòshÏsa hoshòotsÎki° hòsoku, hosò- botayama°
hokorobì° hojìsha hoshooni˙° kÎte, hòsokere- botàmochi
hokorobìru pojìsho˙ hojokàhee, -ei ba, hòsoshÏ hòtaru
hokoròbu hoshijìrushi hojok˜kà˙ hosoito° hotarùika
hòsa hoshizùkìyo hojòki˙° hosoude° hotarùäari°
hosakì° hoshizòra° hoshoku° hosoo° hotarùbi
hozàku hoshidàiko˙ bòshoku° hozoochì° hoterubùkuro
hosatsu° hoshidàra° hojòseki hosoodòoro bòta˙°
bòsatsu hoshÏtsu° hojòhi hosoobi° botà˙ana°
hosani˙° hoshÏtsùzai° hojòyoku hosoòmote bota˙dòoroo
bòsabosa idle pòjitibu boshìryoo hosoäaki° botà˙bake
bosabosa° dishev- boshÏtèchoo hojìru hosoku° bota˙hòoru
eled hair hoshÏtorì° hoshi˙° hosòkubi botà˙yuki
hosayaku° hoshÏtorihyoo° hoshì˙jutsu hosòäoshi° bòchi
bosa˙° hoshìna Boshi˙sè˙soo hòsosa pòchi
bosà˙da˙ boshinè˙ki˙ hòsu: hosànai, hosozao° hòcchÏkÏsu, hòchÏ-
hoshi° star hoshìnori hosòo, hoshi- hosoji° bòchibochi
hoshì drying, hoshibà màsu, hòshÏte, hosozùkuri bòchabocha
dried hoshibùdoo hòseba, hòse hosokkòi pòchapocha
hòji hoshimàtsuri bòsu hosodono° hochuu°
bòshi hoshimàwari hosùiryoku hosonaäài° hochùuami
pòji hoshime° hosùu hosobiki° hochùumoo
hoshiàkari boshìmee, -ei pòsÎtaa hosobòso° hochoo°
hoshiàwabi hoshimònò posÎtaakàraa hosomaki° hochòoki
hoshia˙° hoshaku° posÎtaabàryuu hosomi° bòtsu
hoshìi: hòshÏkat- hoshakÎki˙° posÎti˙äu° hosòmichi bòkka°
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 345

bòtsuäa hòsshi˙° religious hoppyòoyoo hodòku: hodokà- honeppÎshì°


hokkai° awakening hòppu nai, hodokòo, honeppòi
Hokkàidoo hossu° poppuàato hodokimàsu, honenashi°
Hokkaidooch˜- bossu° poppÎkòo˙ hodòite, hodò- honenukì°
hòo hossùru pòppÎsu keba, hodòke honebàru
bokkateki° bossùru hòppe hotokè° honebushì°
hokkàmuri, -buri botsuze˙° hoppèta hotokeäòkoro honebuto°
pokkàri hossòoshuu pòppo hotokèshoo honèmì
hotsuäa˙° hossoku° hoppoo° hotokenoza° honeyàsumi
hokki° hossòri hoppooryòodo hodokèru hònoo
hòtsuäi hootai°, hottai° botsubotsu° hodokoshì° hònoka
bokki° hottate° eruption, rash, hodokoshimonò° honoäurai°
hokkìäai hottateäoya° spots, dots hodokòsu° honojiròi
hokkini˙° Potsudamusè˙- bòtsubotsu gra- pòtosu honobòno
bokkyaku° äe˙ dually, before hodochÏkài honomekàsu
Hokkyoku° hottarakashi° long, here “ hodotòoi° honomèku
Hokkyòkıkai hottàrakàsu there hototòäisu hobaakuràfuto
hokkyokùäuma° hotta˙° pòtsupotsu hodònàku Pòpai
hokkyòkıke˙ pocchàri botsuraku° hotobashìru hobaku°
Hokkyòkısee, -ei bòccha˙ hotsurè pòtofu hobàshira
pokkìri boccha˙sòdachi hotsurèäe hotòhòto hohaba°
hokku° first line boccha˙bòccha˙- hotsurèru hodòhodo° bòhi°
of a poem suru hotei° to revise hotoborì° hohÏtsu°
hòkku hook pocchìri “ enlarge botomuàppu bohìmee, -ei
bòkkÎsu hottsÎkiarùku hotee°, -ei° revi- hodoyòi pòpyuraa
bokkuri°, po- hottsÎku° sion: hotetsu° hodoyòku popyuraasò˙äu
pokkuribyoo° bottèri bòdii hotorì° popyuraamyùu-
hòkke° hòtto° feeling re- bodiigàado botoru° jikku
hòkkee lieved bodiichèkku botorukìipu bohyoo°
hokkezà˙mai hòtto hot bodiibìru hotò˙do bòbi˙
hokkèshuu pòtto Hoteiòshoo honami° hòfu
bokke˙° bottoo° hoteebara°, -ei- pònii hòbu
bòtsuäo° hottòoni˙° pòteto poniitèeru bòbu, bòbbu
bokkoo° hottokàapetto potetoch˜ppusu honyuu° hofÎku°
bokkòoshoo hottoku° botèfuri bonyuu° hofÎkuzè˙shi˙
botsÎkòoshoo hottokèeki hoterì honyuudòobutsu hobune°
hokkoku° hottokòohii° hòteru hotel honyùubi˙ hofuma˙hòoshÏki
bokko˙° hottojàzu hotèru to feel honyùurui pòpura
hossa° pottode° hot honuno° pòpuri
hòoshi, hòsshi hottodòggu hote˙° honè pòpuri˙°
hossu°, hosshu° hottonyùusu hodo° honeòshimi° hofùru
bosshuu° hottopurèeto hodoài° honeòrì hohee°, -ei°
botsÎshùmi hottorài˙ hodoo° honeorìzo˙ bohee°, -ei°
bossho° botsunyuu° bòdoo° honeòru bohèmia˙, -iya˙
hosshi˙° botsune˙° hodookyoo° honeäumì° hòho, hòo
hosshi˙° rash, potsunè˙° Hodòäaya honechìäai hòbo
eruption boppatsu° hodokimonò° honetsuäì° hohoemashìi
346 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

hohoemì° hòri policeman bòru horohorochoo° ho˙kyoku° head


hohoèmu, hooè- horì carving Bòruga boromòoke o‚ce
mu pòri pòruka horoyoi° hò˙kyoku this
pomàado horiatèru° Borushèbiki horoyoikìäe˙ o‚ce
homaese˙° horiìdo borushÏchi° horòrì ho˙ki˙°
hòmachi° porìipu, pòripu horusÎtài˙ poròrì bò˙äu
homarè° Horie° hòrudaa howàito ho˙äumi°
hòmura° porièsÎteru borutèeji howaitokàraa ho˙äùmori°
homè poriechire˙° boruto° bolt howaitosòosu bo˙kura°
homekòtoba pòrio bòruto° volt Howaitohàusu bò˙kure
homeäoroshi° horiokòsu° borudòoeki hò˙ hò˙ke°
homesoyàsu° horikàeu° Porutoäaru° bo˙° tray, the ho˙kee°, bo˙-, -ei°
hometatèru° Horikiri° Boruneo° Bon festival ho˙keäàeri
homechiäìru° Horikirishoo- pòruno bò˙ Brahman hò˙äetsu
homemònò bùe˙ horumari˙°, fo- ho˙a˙° adapta- ho˙ke˙° pure
homèru: homè- Horikuzùsu° hòrumo˙ tion silk scarf
nai, homeyòo, horiäòtatsu hòru˙ hò˙a˙ this item, hò˙ke˙ this case
homemàsu, hò- horikòmu horeàu this matter ho˙äè˙°
mete, homère- horisaäèru° horèeko, -èi- hò˙i ho˙kè˙chÏku
ba, homèro horìshi horèesha, -èi- ho˙i˙kàhee, -ei Bo˙äo°
Hòmèrosu pòrishii horekòmu ho˙i˙° main bò˙go
hòmo pòrosi horebòre institution ho˙koo° main
Homosàpie˙su horidashimono° horeru° hò˙i˙ this insti- school
hòya horidàsu bòrero tution hò˙koo our
bòya horitsÎkèru° hòro ho˙ì˙boo school
boyakàsu horinuki°: hori- bòro ho˙ei° Hò˙äoo
boyàku nukiìdo pòro bo˙òdori ho˙koku°
boyakèru horinùku boròi hò˙ka hò˙äoku
hoyahoya° Porinèshia boròichi hò˙kai° ho˙äoshi°
bòyaboya poribàketsu horoo° ho˙kàiäi po˙kotsu°
hoyuu° horibata° horòäaya ho˙kaku° bo˙gore°
hoyuumai° Borìbia° boròäire° ho˙kakÎteki° Hò˙ko˙
hoyùuryoo porifenòoru borokÎso° ho˙kakÎha° Ho˙sai°
hoyoo° poribùkuro poroshatsu° ho˙äàtte bo˙sai°
hoyoojò° bòribori horòtto ho˙kàtori° ho˙sàiyoo
hoyòochi pòripori horoniäài° ho˙äawa° bo˙saku°
hòra look!, hey! horìmòno poronèezu ho˙ka˙° main hò˙za˙
horà cave horimonòshi horobasha° building hò˙shi
bora° borìya horobìru° hò˙ka˙ oneself ho˙ji°
hòraa horyuu° horòbu° hò˙äa˙° bo˙ji°
horaana° boryuumu° horobòsu° po˙kà˙° ho˙shÏki°
horàäai hòryo hòrohoro Hò˙äa˙jì ho˙sh˜kè˙
horaäatòoäe horiwari° boroboro° ragged, ho˙ki° ho˙shÏtsu°
horàfÎki hòru: horànai, tattered ho˙äìmari° hò˙jitsu
Poraròido horòo, horimà- bòroboro drop hò˙kyuu ho˙shÏtsuteki°
borà˙tia su, hòtte, hòre- by drop, in drops hò˙kyo hò˙sha
Hòri° ba, hòre pòroporo ho˙äyòo° Hò˙shuu
6: ha, ba, pa, hi, hy-, bi, by-, pi, py-, he, be, pe, ho, bo, po, (hu, hw-, fi, fy-, fu, f-) 347

ho˙shÎtsu° lection ho˙te˙° main birthplace hò˙matsu


Ho˙jo° hò˙se˙° mother o‚ce/shop, hò˙ba wildly hò˙matsÎte˙too
hò˙shoo° minis- depot ship, velvet galloping horse ho˙màtsuri
try proper, main track hò˙te˙ our store hò˙bako ho˙maru°
head o‚ce ho˙ze˙° sudden hò˙de˙ ho˙bàsho° hò˙michì
hò˙shoo our hò˙ze˙ natural, bo˙tè˙° ho˙bamono° hò˙myoo
ministry or innate ho˙too°, -to° ho˙ba˙° hò˙mu
department hò˙so hò˙do pò˙biki, ho˙mee°, -ei°
hò˙shòo true ho˙soo° bò˙do pò˙pÏki hò˙moo°
character, real hò˙zoo° pò˙do bo˙pyaku° ho˙mokÎtee°, -ei°
intentions ho˙zòoäaku ho˙too° truth, hò˙bu ho˙moto°
ho˙joo° ho˙soku° proper, main ho˙pu° ho˙mono°
bo˙shoo° ho˙zoku° island bò˙pu° hò˙mo˙
ho˙jòozoo bo˙zoku° hò˙too this island pò˙pu Hò˙mo˙ji
bo˙jòochi˙ hò˙zo˙ ho˙doo° main ho˙pÎku° hò˙ya
ho˙shoku° regu- Ho˙da° road, the ho˙bushi° ho˙yaku°
lar occupation, bò˙da right/best way ho˙bùshi˙ ho˙yàkıke˙
real character hò˙dai° main hò˙doo temple ho˙bùtai ho˙yakumono°
hò˙shoku pres- subject/theme main hall ho˙buri° bo˙yàsumi
ent o‚ce hò˙dai money ho˙dòori hò˙bu˙, hò˙- ho˙yàtoi
ho˙shi˙° main for books bo˙dòoroo mo˙ text, this bo˙yàri
shock bo˙tai° ho˙doko° passage or sen- ho˙yuu°
hò˙shi˙ one's ho˙taku° ho˙toji° tence bo˙yoo°
mind ho˙dachi° hò˙ni˙ hò˙bu˙° one's ho˙yòsa˙
hò˙ji˙ hò˙tate ho˙nuri° duty ho˙yomì°
bo˙jì˙° hò˙dana ho˙ne° bò˙be hò˙rai
po˙zu° ho˙dàwara bò˙nètto hò˙po hò˙ra˙
ho˙sùu bo˙tà˙° ho˙neru° ho˙poo° wild, ho˙ryuu°
ho˙suji° bo˙chi° ho˙ne˙° natural, bohemian hò˙ryòo
ho˙zuri° pò˙chi innate hò˙poo this hò˙rui°
hò˙see, -ei po˙chìe° hò˙ne˙ this year country, one's ho˙rùida
original nature, ho˙cha˙° ho˙no° salary bo˙resÎhàmu
true character pò˙cho hò˙nòo bo˙bori° ho˙roo°
hò˙see°, -ei° orig- ho˙cho bo˙nòo° bo˙bo˙° hò˙ro˙
inal name ho˙chòoshi° Hò˙noojì pò˙po˙ ho˙wàka
hò˙seki ho˙choomò˙zui bo˙nòkubo° po˙po˙dària, -iya ho˙warì
bo˙seki° ho˙tsuya° ho˙nòri bo˙bo˙dòkee, -ei
ho˙sèk˜chi ho˙te° ho˙ba° home, Ho˙ma°
ho˙se˙° final se- ho˙tee°, -ei° best place, bo˙màe
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo,
(yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi,
wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-)

mà maikurobàsu maibito -mae°: nike˙mae°, màètsubo


màa maikurofìrumu maìhime° sa˙ni˙mae° maeniwa°
maai° maiäetsu° maibyoo° maeàäari maenotoshì
màakaa maiko° maifu˙° maeaki° maenoba˙°
màagari˙° màiäo maipèesu màèashi maenòhì
màagarètto maiäoo° maihòomu maeìwai maenòmeri
maakyuro°, maikotsu° maibotsu° màeushiro Màeno Ryòotaku
maakiro° maiäòfuda maimai° maeuta° màeba
màaku maikòmu maimodori° maeuri° Maèbashi
maakÎshìito maiko˙° maimodòru maeuriäìppu maebànao
màakètto màiji° màiya° maeurìke˙ màebane
maaketi˙äu° maijìka˙ maiyuu° maeokì° maèhaba
maaketi˙äuri- maishuu° màiyo° maekàäami° maebàrai
sàachi maishoku° mairàsu maeäaki° maebikì°
maaji° maishi˙° màiru: mairà- maekake° maeburè°
maaja˙° màisu° nai, mairòo, maeäashi° maemae°
maaja˙ya° maisùu mairimàsu, maeäàshira maemìäoro
màaji˙ maisùäata màitte, màire- maeäami° maemuki°
maatarashìi màisÎtaa ba, màire maeäari° maemòtte°
màachi Màizuru màirudo maekà˙joo maeyaku°
maaboodòofu, -bo- maisetsu° màireeji maeki˙° maewàtashi
maamarèedo, maisoo° mai˙doko˙toròo- maeku° maòo
mama- maizoo° ru maeäèeki, -èi- maòtoko
mai° maizoobu˙kàzai° mau°: mawanai°, maekòojoo makai°
-mai° rice: hayaba- maitake° maòo, mai- maekòäomi° maäài
mai°, ne˙äumai° maichimò˙ji màsu, matte°, màeäoshi maäàibutsu
-mài never: naku- maichoo° maèba, maè maesàäari maäaimonò°
mài, yomumài maitsÎki° mauè maejite° maäàu
maiaäaru° maido° maùshiro maejìrase° maäàe
màiasa maitoshi° màusu maezuke° maäàèru
maiòoäi mainaa° mausÎpìisu maèsÎtoro Màkao
maiosame° mainai° maurà° maezùmoo màäao°
maikàa mainasu° mau˙te˙bàiku maesè˙de˙ màäaki
maikai° mainasuìo˙ màu˙do° Maeda° màgaji˙
màikyo màinichi° màe maedàoshi° magaji˙ràkku
màiku maine˙° -màe: shokujimàe, maedatè° makasu° to defeat
maikuro° màiba˙° fÎtsukamàe maedare° makàsu to en-
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 349

trust makiaäe° màäiwa makuràäi makete°, make-


makàzu° makiaäèru makiwara° makuràäyoo° rèba, makerò
màkaze° makiami° makiwarì° makurakòtoba maäeru°: maäe-
makasèru: maka- makìe maku° to wind, makurasàäashi nai°, maäeyòo,
sènai, makase- makiokòsu to roll up: ma- makuranàoshi maäemàsu,
yòo, makasemà- makiokòru kanai°, makòo, Màkuranosòoshi maäete°, maäe-
su, makàsete, makìäai makimàsu, makurabyòobu rèba, maäerò
makasèreba, makÏkaeshi° maite°, makè- makuràbe make˙ki°
makasemàsu, makÏkàesu ba, makè makurame° màäo packhorse
makàsete, maka- makiäami° màku to scatter, makuràmoto driver
sèreba, makasèro makiäe° to seed: makà- makuriaäèru maäò grand-
maäadama° makÏkòmu nai, makòo, ma- makuru° child, grandson
makanài° makijita° kimàsu, màite, màäùre maäoi°
makanàotsÎki° màkÏshimamu, màkeba, màke maäureàtari maäòuta
makanàiryoo -kÎshi- makù curtain, makureru° maäòo
makanàu makijaku° act, film maäureru° maäòko
màäane° makisÎkàato makuai° màkuro maäòkoro
màkafÎshiäi makìzushi° makuakì° maäuro° maäotaròomu-
maäamo° makizoe° makuakè° maäuwa° shi, -ròmu-
maäari° makÏtà makuuchì° makuwàuri maäotsÎku°
maäarìkado° makÏtàbako maäukàppu make° maäodeshi°
maäarikunèru makÏchiràsu° makuäirè° maäe° makoto°
makàrikosu makitsıku maäusa° makeìkÎsa makotoshìyaka
makaridèru makitsÎke° makushÏtà° makeinu° makotoni°
makaritòoru makitsÎkèru makushÏtatèru makeiro° maäonòtè
makarinarànu makÏtori° makujirì° makeoshimi° maäobiki°
maäarinari° makÏtorìshi maäuso° maäeki° màäomaäo
makarimachiäàu makÏtòru makudàmari maäekizàiku maäomùsume
makarimachi- makinaoshi° màäuchi makeäìrai makomo°
äàeba Màkino makÎtsu° makeäuse° màsa
maäarimichi° makiba° Magunakàruta makeäumi° màzaa
maäarime° makÏhiäe° makunashi° makekoshi° Masae°
makaru° to be makìmizu màäunichùudo makekòsu Masao°
defeated, to makimodoshi° maäuneshìumu, makejidàmashii MasaokashÏkì,
give discount makimodòsu -shùu- makezuotòrazu° Masàoka ShÏkì
makàru to leave makiya° maäunètto makezuäìrai màsaka
maäaru°: maäara- maäyaku° makunòuchi maäete° masàkaki
nai°, maäaròo, makyuu° makunouchi- maketòoshu Masakado°
maäarimasu°, makyoo° bè˙too makenuki° masakari°
maäatte°, maäa- màäyoo makuhÏkì° makebara° masaki°
rèba, maäarè maäiràsu màguma makeburi°, masaäùru
makaroni° maäirawashìi màkura -keppu- Màsako
makaronigurà- maäirawàsu makuràate makeboshi° masaäo°
ta˙ maäìru makuraòoi maäemono° mazako˙°
maki° firewood, maäirè makuràkake makeru°: make- masàshÏku
winding maäirekòmu° makurakàbaa nai°, makeyòo, masatsu°
màki podocarpus maäirèru makuràäami makemàsu, masatsùo˙
350 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

màsani majirikè° kÎte, mazùshÏ- mataäàru machiai°


màzamàza majirimonò° kereba, mazùshi mataäiki° machiàishitsu
Masàmune majìru: majirà- mazùshÏ mataäàru machiakàsu°
masamè° nai, majiròo, masıseki° mataäiki° machiaäùmu°
masamèäami majirimàsu, Masuda° matàäu machiawàsu°
masayume° majìtte, majì- màsÎtaa mataäura° machiawase°
masariòtori° reba, majìre masÎtaakìi màdake° machiawasèru°
mazarimonò° majiròäi° masÎtàado mataäèrai machìi
Masaru° majiròäu masÎtaapùra˙ madàko° machiisha°
masàru majiwarì° màsÎto matashÏtà° machiukegàme˙
mazàru majiwàru masÎpuro° matàshÏtemo machiukèru°
mashi° mashì˙ machine masùmasu màdashimo machiäài
majièru mashi˙° measles màzumazu matazurè° machiäàu
màjika° maji˙° masumè° matasèru machiäae
majikài mashì˙äa˙ masumèdia matàzoro° machiäàèru
mash˜kàku masu° to increa- mazumòtte matàtaki° machÏkata°
majìkiri se, to add: ma- masurào° matatàku machÏkado°
majìsha˙ sanai°, masòo, masùru matatàkuma machikanèru°
mashÏtà mashimàsu, mazùruka matadànomi machÏkamaèru°
màjìkku mashÏte°, masè- màse matàtabi° machiäi°
majikkuài ba, masè mazeawasèru° matatabimono° machÏkirènai°
majikkuì˙ki masù trout, mazeori° matadeshi° machikÎtabirè-
majikkumìraa measure mazeòrìmono matàto ru°
màshÏte màzu mazekaeshi°, -kk matadònari machÏkuràsu
majinài° masui° mazekàesu° matànitii machigèesha, -èi-
majinàu° mazùi: màzu- masèäaki matànotoshi MàchÏko
màjimàji katta, màzu- mazeäaki° matànona° machÏkòoba
mashimàsu ku, mazùkÎte, mazekoze° matànohi machÏkoäarèru°
mashimaro°, -shu- màzukereba, mazegòha˙ matànoyo machijìka˙
mashìmizu° to màzushi mazèmòno matàbi machijuu°
inundate masùizai° Màzera˙ matahìbachi machijòroo
mashìmizu pure masùiyaku Mazera˙kàikyoo matàmata° MàchÏsu
or clear water masuòtoshi masèru màdamada machÏsuji°
majime° masuäata° mazèru: mazè- màdamu machizùmai
majimekÎsàru masÎkàtto nai, mazeyòo, matàmo machÏsòdachi
mashaku° masÎkara° mazemàsu, matamono° Machida°
màshu màsÎku màzete, mazè- matàmoya machÏtsùzuki
Mashùuko masuäumi° reba, mazèro madara° machidòo°
màjutsu masÎkumèro˙ màzo madarùi machidòoi
majùtsıshi masugèemu mata° madarukkòi machidooshìi
màjo màsÎkòtto màda madarukkoshìi, machidòojoo
mashoo° masÎkomi° madai° -ro- machidòshiyori
mashòomè˙ màzusa mataìtòko madare° machinaka°
majoäari° masùzake matautsÎshi° màtàwa machinamì°
màshira° mazushìi: mazù- mataäashi° màchi gusset, màchìnimatta
majirài° shÏkatta, mazù- mataäami° gore, godet màchìnee
majirì shÏku, mazùshÏ- mataäari° machì city, town machinozòmu°
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 351

machÏhàzure màtsuäo° matsÎtake°, -tsu- Matsùmae madoäiwàzoku


machÏhàba° makkòo° incense da- matsumàruta madòäuchi
màchibari (powder) matsÎtakèäari° matsùmushi madoäoshi°
machìbito° makkòo right in mattàshÏ Matsumoto° matoba°
machibùäyoo one's face màttanàshi Matsuya° matohàzure
machibuse° makkookÎsài màcchi matsuyani° madòfÎki
machibusèru° makkookùjira macchìbako Matsùyama matomari°
machibooke°, màtsuza° macchÏpòi˙to Matsuyamàshi matomeru°
-boke° massàaji maccha° matsuyòiäusa matomo°
machìmachi massàichuu mattsùäu matsuyoo° madomoàzeru
machimùsume massào mattee°, -ei° matsurì° matòya°
machimookèru massàkasama màtto -màtsuri: natsu- madori°
machiya° Matsuzakaya°, Matsudo° màtsuri Madorìido
Machiya° -tsÎsa- mattòo° matsuriaäèru madorèenu
machiyàkuba massàkari, -s- mattoosuru° matsuriäoto° màdorosu°
machiyàkko massàkì màttoresu matsurìnui madorosÎpàipu
machiwabìru° massatsu° Matsùnaäa matsuribàyashi madoròmu
machiwari° massàra° matsunàmiki matsuryuu° madowaku°
màtsu: matà- masshi° màtsunòuchi matsùru° madowàsu
nai, matòo, màtsuji° màtsunoki màtsuro matowàru
machimàsu, massh˜kàku màtsunoha matsuwaritsù- matsuwàru
màtte, màte- masshìäura màtsunomi ku° màto˙
ba, màte matsujitsu° Màhha matsuwàru Madò˙na
Matsui° Matsıshìma mappa° mateki° manaamòodo
Matsue° matsÎshimaya° màtsuba màteshibashi manaìta°
matsuee°, -ei° massha° mappai° màtedokurasedo manaäàtsuo
Matsuèshi masshÎpòteto matsubàäani matèriaru mànako
Matsuobàshoo masshurùumu matsubàzue matè˙roo manàzashi°
makkà masshoo° mappàdaka mato° manajirì°
matsuäaku° masshòojiki matsubabòta˙ màdo manàzuru
matsÎkàze masshooshì˙kee, matsubame° madoàkari manatsu°
matsÎkàsa -ei matsubamemo- matoi° manatsùbi
matsÎkàzari masshooteki° no° madoi° perplex- manàdeshi°
matsÎkàze masshòomè˙ matsubàyashi ity manabi°
màkki masshìro matsùbara madòi° sitting manabiya°
màtsuäi masshiròi màtsubi° together in a manabu°: mana-
makkÏteki° massùäu mappÏtsu° circle, harmony banai°, mana-
Makki˙tòsshu màsse° mappÏtsunàäa- matoitsıku° bòo, manabi-
matsÎkùimushi masseki° ra° matòimochi màsu, mana˙-
makkùra massetsu° mappìra matòu° de°, manabèba,
makkùràyami màtta mappìruma madòu manabè
makkùro Matsuda° màppu madoo° manamùsume
makkuròi Mattaahòru˙, mappıtatsu madòòi mania
makkùrokè Mattaahòo˙ matsubu˙° màdoka maniai°
màtsuäe matsùdai mappoo° madòkake maniàu
matsÎkèmushi Matsudàira matsubòkkuri, -k- madogàrasu maniàkku
MàtsÎko mattaku° matsuei° madoäiwa° mniawase°
352 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

maniukèru màbuchi mameìrì màyune maruäào°


manìkyua° mafuyu° mameäàshi mayùhaki maruäàkae°
manishi° mafuyùbi mamekàsu° mayùfude marukajiri°
manìmani° màfuraa mameäarà° mayòi maruäata°
manyuaru° màho mamejidòosha mayòu: mayowà- maruäari°
Mànira mahoo° mameshìbori nai, mayoòo, maruäàwara
maniràasa mahootsùkài mamezoo° mayoimàsu, MarukÏshìzu-
manì˙äe˙ mahòobi˙ mametàifùu mayòtte, ma- mu, -kÎshì-
manuäarèru, -k- mahòganii mameta˙° yòeba, mayòke Màruku
manuka˙° Mahomètto, mametsu° mayokè° maruäuke°
manuke° Moha- mametsùbu mayokò° MàrukÎsu
manukezura° Mahomettokyoo° mamedèppoo mayònaka MarukÎsushùäi
manurùi° maboroshi° mamedè˙kyuu mayonèezu marukubi°
mane° màma° some- mameho˙° mayowàsu marukubishàtsu
manèejime˙to times mamèmàki maraso˙° marùkoo
maneejaa° màma mama mamemameshìi maraso˙kyòosoo maruäoshi°
maneebìru mamà as, wher- mamemèeäetsu, Màraya maruäoto°
mànekì ever -èi- mararia°, -iya° Marukopòoro
manakìneko mamaoya° mamèmochi marì maruji°
maneki˙° mamako° flour mamèyaka Màrii maruzuke°
manèku lump mamoo° Mariia˙towa- marusodè°
maneäoto° mamako°, -kko° mamònaku nètto maruzome°
maneru° stepchild mamono° marina marudashi°
manoàtari mamakoàtsÎkai mamorì marìuta maruta˙boo°
manotè mamakoìjime mamoriäàtana marionètto maruchÏshòohoo
manobi° mamaäoto° mamorìäami Màriko maruchimèdia
manoròi° mamaäotoàsobi mamorinùku° marishìte˙ marutsùbure
mabàtaki mamachÏchi° mamoribùkuro marìtsÎkì marude°
mabatàku mamani° mamorìfuda maritsÎkìuta marutè˙joo
mabayùi mamahaha° mamorihò˙zo˙ marinàäè marudori°
mabara° màmàyo Mamoru° marine marunaäe°
màhi màmie mamòru: ma- marifana° Marunòuchi
mahìäashi mamièru morànai, ma- marimo° Marunouchise˙°
mabikì° mamizu° moròo, mamo- màryoku marunomi°
mabìsashi mamìnami rimàsu, ma- maru° maruhàdaka
mabyòoshi mamirèru mòtte, mamò- maruaki° marubatsu°
mahiru° mamùkai reba, mamòre maruàrai marubatsÎshÏki°
màfu, mà‡u mamùkoo mayakashì° maruà˙ki maruhi°
màbu mamushi° mayakashimonò° marui°: màru- maruhimo°
màfia mamushìzake mayaku° katta, maru- Marubiru°
màfi˙ mamùsubi màyu ku°, marùkÎte, marubòozù
màbuka° mame° honest, màyuäe marùkereba, maruboshi°
mabushì° reliable, delight, mayùjiri° marùshÏ marupocha°
mabushìi healthy mayùzumi maruuchi° maruho˙°
mabùsu mamè corn, mayudama° maruùtsÎshi° marubo˙°
màbuta blister, bean mayutsuba° marueri° marumàäè
mafıtatsu mameita° mayutsubamono° maruobi° marumacchìi
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 353

marumado° mawarimochi° ma˙juuäàsa ma˙nè˙hÏtsu miai°


marumaru° mawaru°: ma- Ma˙shuujìhe˙ ma˙nè˙bee, -ei miaikèkko˙
completely waranai°, ma- ma˙jùshàäe ma˙ne˙mùsume miaishàshi˙
marumàru full, waròo, mawa- ma˙joo° ma˙nè˙yuki miàu
chubby rimàsu, ma- ma˙jooìcchi° ma˙nè˙rei miakashi°
marumi° watte°, mawa- mà˙sho˙ ma˙noo°, ba˙noo° miakìru
marumie° rèba, mawarè ma˙jìri mà˙ba miaäèru
marumùäi° mawaremiäi° ma˙shi˙° ma˙pai° miatàru
marumekòmu mà˙ ma˙sui° ma˙bikì° miayamari°
mamumòoke° mà˙ichi mà˙sui ma˙pÏtsu° miayamàru°
marumoji° ma˙i˙° ma˙see°, -ei° ma˙byoo° miarawàsu°
marumochi° ma˙i˙dè˙sha Ma˙sèebashi, -èi- ma˙pyoo° miawàsu
maruyaki° manetsu° ma˙seki° ma˙pÎku° miawase°
maruyake° ma˙e˙° ma˙ze˙° ma˙bu˙° miawasèru°
maruyane° ma˙äa° mà˙zoku ma˙bu˙noichì mìi
Maruyama° ma˙kai° ma˙dara° ma˙be˙nàku miìkÎsa
marùyuu mà˙äàichi ma˙dàràäe mà˙bo miidàsu
marè° ma˙äaka° ma˙ta˙° mà˙po miicha˙hàacha˙
Màree, -ai ma˙äaku° ma˙da˙° ma˙hòoru mìitsu
Marèeshia, -iya ma˙äabo˙° ma˙da˙ka° ma˙pokee° miiti˙äu°
Màro ma˙ka˙° ma˙chaku° mà˙ma mìito
maronie° Mà˙äa˙ ma˙choo° mà˙ma rice, miitosòosu
maròyaka ma˙äa˙° ma˙chòoji food miihàa
maro˙guràsse ma˙kà˙shoku ma˙tsùuma˙ ma˙mà, mamà mìira
mawashi° mà˙ki° ma˙tee°, -ei° intact miiri°
mawashimono° ma˙kÏtsu° ma˙tè˙° whole ma˙màe miìru
mawasu°: mawa- ma˙ki˙° sky ma˙maku° mìiro
sanai°, mawa- ma˙äi˙° ma˙tè˙ perfect mà˙màto miìwai
sòo, mawashi- ma˙kì˙ta˙ score ma˙màru° miuke°
màsu, mawa- ma˙äuròobu ma˙tè˙ka ma˙marùi° miukèru
shÏte°, mawa- ma˙äekyoo° mà˙to ma˙mà˙° miùäoki
sèba, mawasè mà˙äetsu ma˙doo° whole ma˙mà˙ichi miushinàu°
mawata° ma˙koo° audience ma˙mà˙naka miuchi°
mawari° mà˙äoo mà˙doo Bud- ma˙mè˙° Miura°
mawariawase° ma˙gòsÎchi˙ dhist lantern mà˙mosu Miurahà˙too
mawarìe˙ mà˙zà festival ma˙yuu° Miuramìsaki
mawarikudòi, ma˙sai° ma˙dòoe ma˙yoo° miuri°
-kk- ma˙zài ma˙dòkoro° ma˙yòoäana° Mìe
mawarikunèru ma˙saku° ma˙dori˙° ma˙yoochoo° miè
mawarikòmu ma˙zara° ma˙torupìisu ma˙rikì° mièe, mièi°
mawarikòmu mà˙za˙ ma˙naka° ma˙ryoo° expi- mieäàkure°
mawarishòoäi mà˙ji° ma˙yoo° ration Mièke˙
mawaridòoroo ma˙shÏtsu° mà˙ni˙° mà˙ryoo coral- Mìeko
mawarìba˙° ma˙jitòmoe, -dò- ma˙ni˙muki° berry miesÎku°
mawaribùtai ma˙sha° ma˙neri° ma˙rui° mieppàri°
mawarimawatte° Mà˙shuu ma˙nè˙äusa ma˙roku° miebàru
mawarìmichi° ma˙jùu ma˙nè˙doko mì miebòo
354 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

miemie° Mikasayama° miäimaki° mikòsu mijukumono°


mièru: miènai, mikajime° miäimàwari miäòtae° Mìshura˙
miemàsu, mìe- mikazuki° miäiyoko° mikoto° mishoo°
te, mièreba mikazukiäata° miäiyotsu° mìäoto mijoo°
mìo° mikata° friend, miäiyori° mikotonori° mishòoryuu
miokuri° supporter, ally mikiri° miäònashi° mishòri
miokurìni˙° mikàtà point of miäirì° mikomi° mishìrazu
miokùru view mikirihàssha mikomìkyaku mishiri°
miosame° miäàtte mikirimono° mikomichìäai mishiriäori°
miotoshi° mikado° mikìru mikomihàzure mishìru
miotòsu mikanèru miäìree, -ei mikòmu mijìroäi°
miotori° miäàmàe miäiwà° miäomòru mijiròäu
mioboe° miäamàèru mikiwame° mìäoro kimono mìshi˙
mioboèru° miäara° mikiwamèru° main section miji˙°
miomo° miäaru° mìkÎsaa miäòrò best miji˙äiri°
mioròsu miäarùi° mikuji° time to see miji˙ko°
mikai° Mìkawa miäushi° miäoroshì° mishi˙mè°
mikàiketsu mikawàsu mikuzu° miko˙° misu° bamboo
mikàiji˙ mikawamà˙za mikudàsu mikò˙sha blind
mikàitaku mikawamòme˙ mikudarihà˙ mìsa mìsu miss,
mikàichi miäawarì° mikuni° misai° mistake
mikàihatsu mìka˙° unpub- Mikunitòoäe misàiru mizuaka°
mikaeshi° lished, incom- mìkumi misao° mizuaäe°
mikàesu plete mikurabèru° misakai° mizuàsaäi
mikaeri° mìka˙ manda- miäurushìi misaki° mizuàsobi
mikaerishÏkì˙ rin orange, miäùrumi° misaäehatèru mizuàtari
mikaeribùsshi tangerine mìkuro misaäèru miazuabì°
mikaeriyànaäi mikà˙see, -ei mìkuro˙ misaäo° mizuàbura
mikàeru mikà˙bako mike° emperor's misasaäi° mizuamè°
mikaki° mikà˙bako meal misadame° mizuàrai
miäaki° mika˙bàtake mìke tortoise- misadamèru° misui°
miäakiaäèru mika˙yama° shell mizàru: kÏkazà- mizuìtazura
mikaäiri° mìki mikèeke˙, -èi- ru, iwazàru mizuimo°
mikaäìru miäi° mikeekè˙sha, -ei- mijika° mizuìrazu
mikaku° miäiashi° mikèshÏki mijikài mizuiri°
miäaku°: miäa- miäiude° mìketa mijikàyo mizuìrè
kanai°, miäa- miäiäawa° miketsu° Mishish˜ppi mizuiro°
kòo, miäaki- miäiäawatsùu- mikètsıshuu mijìtaku mizuùe
màsu, miäai- koo mikeneko° mìshina mizue°
te°, miäakèba, mìkÏki Mikerà˙jero Mishima° mizuènoäu
miäakè miäikÏki° mike˙° mijìmai misuèru
mikàkuni˙ mìkÏsaa mìko mìshimishi mizuòke°
mikàäura mikÏsàasha mikòokai mìjime mizuòshiroi
mikake° miäite° miäòosha mishuu° mizuochi°
mikaäe° miäidònari mìkoshi° mishùuäaku mizuoto°
mikakedàoshi miäìhidari° mikoshinomàtsu mijuku° mizùäai
mikakèru miäimae° miäòshirae mijukùji mizukàäami
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 355

mizukàkì mìsuji mizuhÏkìmaku misèäuchi° misòppa


mizukàäyoo mizushi° mizubìtashi° misekechi° misonì°
mizukakèro˙ mizushìäe˙ mizubuki° miseäòshirae misohaäi°, -zo-
mizukàäe˙ mizushìäoto mizubùkure misekakì° misohÏtòmoji,
mizukasa° mizushìbuki mizubùsoku misejìmai mìso hÏtòmoji
misÎkashi° mizujaya°, -chaya° mizubùtori miseshime° misomame°
mizuäàshi mizushòo° mizubune° mìsesu misomèru
mizuäashìya mizujòoshì misÎpuri°: misesu° misòra°
misÎkàsu mizushòobai misÎpurì˙to misetsÎkèru° mizore°
mizuäami° mìzushirazu mizuburo° misedòkoro° mizoremàjiri
mizuäame° mizusùmashi mizube° mizeni° Mita°
mìzukara mizuzèkke˙ mìzuho° misebà mida°
mizuäare° mizuzeme° mizubòosoo miseba˙° midàidòkoro
misuäi° mizuta° mìzuhonokuni° mibirakàsu Mitaka°
mizuäì° mìsÎtaa misuborashìi° misebìraki mìtake
mizuk˜kì˙ mizutaki° mizumàkì misemònò midashi°
misÎkyàsÎto mizutama° mizumàkura misemonoäoya° midashinami°
misuäiyòsuäi° mizutamamòyoo mizumashi° misèya mitàsu
mizukirì° mizutamari° misumàsu miserarèru midàsu
mizuäire° mizudàrake° misumisu° misèru: misènai, Mitase˙°
mizuäiwa° mizuppànà mizumizushìi miseyòo, mise- mitate°
mizuäiwadàtsu mizuppòi° mizumìmai màsu, mìsete, mitatèru
mizuäuki° misÎtèiku, -èe- mizumushi° misèreba,misèro mitànai
mizukÎsa° mizudèppoo aquatic sowbug mize˙° mìtabi
mizukÎsài° mìsÎterii mizùmushi° ath- mize˙kee°, -ei° mitama°
mizuäùsuri misÎtèru lete's foot mìso mitamaya°
mizuäuchi° mizute˙° mizumèäane mizo° mitame°
mizukùmì mizudòkee, -ei mizumòchi° misoàe° midara°
mizuäùruma mizutori° mizumono° mizoo°, -ou° mitarashi°
mizùkuroi mizuna° mizumore° mizoochi°, -zuu- mìtari
mizuke° mizuni° mizuya° misoka° mìdari
mizùäee°, -ei° mizunoawà mizuyarì° misokasòba midarè
mizukèmuri mizunòe mizuyòoka˙ misoäi° midarè
mizuko° mizunòto mìzura° misokÎso° midarèashi
mizuäoe° mizunòmì misùru misokòoji midareäaki°
mizukokùyoo mizunomib- mizuroo° misòkoshi midarèkaäo
mizuäoke° yàkÎshoo mizuwari° misokoshìzaru midarèbako
mizuäòkoro mizuba° misè misokonai° midarèru: mi-
mizukòshì mizubàkari misèene˙, -èi- misokonàu° darènai, mida-
misuäòsu mizuhaki° miseenè˙sha, -ei- misosàzai reyòo, midare-
mizukòboshi mizuhakè° misèehi˙°, -èi- misoji° màsu, midàre-
mizuäori° mizubàshira misèeri, -èi- misòshÏki te, midarère-
mizusàibai mizubàshoo miseuke° misoshìru ba, midarèro
mizusàkazuki mizubanà° misekake° misozuke° mìchi
mizusakì° mizubara° misekakèru° misosùrì michià˙nai
mizusakià˙nai mizubare° misèäane° misosuribòozu Michio°
mizusàshì mizuhÏki° miseäàmae misokkàsu michiäai°
356 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

michiäae° mikkabàshÏka missoo° mitsuri˙° mitorèru


michiäaèru° mikkabòozu mitsuzoo° mitsuroo° mìto˙
mich˜kake mikkamè mitsuzoroi° mitsuwa° mìnà
michikÎsa° mitsÎkaru° mitsuda˙° mìte three minaoshi°
MìchÏko mitsÎki° appear- micchaku° mitè watcher, minaòsu
michÏshio° ance micchìri, misshì- witness Minakami°
michiju˙° mìtsÎki three mittsù° mitee°, -ei° mìnàäamina
michÏshìrube months mittsùyottsu mìdiamu minaäìru
mich˜sùu mitsuäi° tribute mittee°, -ei° mitèekoo°, -èi- minàkÎchi°
michÏsùäara° mìtsuäi secret mìtto mitekure° minaäè°
michÏsuji° conference mìtsudo mìtetoru mi˙äoroshì°
michizure° Mìkkii Màusu, mitsudomoe° Mito° minàsama
michÏtarìru° Mikkiimàusu mittomonài mitoo° minàsa˙
michÏtose° mitsuäimono° mitsunyùukoku midoo° minashìäo°
michinaka° mìkkyòo mitsuba° mitooshi°: omi- minàsu
michinarànu mitsùgu mitsubaàoi tooshi° minàzuki
michinari° mìkkÎsu mitsubai° mitòosu minasoko°
Michinòku° mitsukÎchi° mitsubàibai mitoäame° minato°
michinòbe° mitsuäumi° mitsùbachi mitoäamèru° minatoiri°
michinori° mitsÎkuroi° Mitsùbishi midokì° minatòku
ichibata° mitsÎkuròi° mippuu° mitoku° minatòäuchi°
michÏhaba° mitsÎkuròu° mippee°, -ei° midoku° minatòmachi
mìchÏji MitsÎke° mitsuboo° mitòkoro minànuka, -no-
michibikì° mikkee°, -ei° mitsubòoeki midòkoro° minànoshùu
michibìku mitsÎkedàsu mitsùboshi mitoko˙dòria Minamata°
michibìrakì mitsùäètsu mitsùmata° Mitòshi minamatabyoo°
michibùshi˙ mitsÎkeru° mitsumame° midoshi° miai°
michìmichi° mitsuäo° mitsumi° mìtose Minamiàmerika
michimìchÏte mikkoo° mitsumitsu° mitodokèru° MinamiàrupÎsu
michimichìru mikkoku° mitsume° mitome°: mito- minamìkaze°
michaku° MitsÎkòshi mitsumee°, -ei° mei˙° minamiäawa°
michiyukimono° missatsu° mitsumèäìri mitomeru°: mito- minamiäuchi°
michìru misshi° mitsumekozòo menai°, mito- Minamishinàkai
mìtsu mìtsuji mitsumèru meyòo, mitome- minamijuujì-
mitsuami° misshÏtsu° mitsumono° màsu, mitome- see°, -ei°
Mìtsui misshuu° to clus- mitsumori° te°, mitomerèba Minamitàma
mitsuu˙° ter together mitsumorishò° mitomerò minàmina
Mitsue° mìsshuu esote- mitsumòru midomo° minaminàsama
mitsueri° ric Buddhism mitsumo˙° mitori° minamihà˙kyuu
Mitsuo° mitsÎnyùukoku mitsuyaku° mìdori, Mìdori minamimàwari
mitsuori° mìssho° mitsuyu° midoriiro° minarai°
mikka° mìssho˙ mitsuyùshÎtsu midorìäo minaràisee, -ei
mitsuäa° missho˙sÎkùuru mitsuyùnyuu mitorìzu minaràu
mikkai° missee°, -ei° mitsuyubi° mìdorinoobasa˙ mìnari
mitsuäasane° missetsu° mitsuyuhi˙° mitòru minarèru
mikkatè˙ka, -dè- misse˙° Mitsuyo° mìdoru minawa°
mitsukado° mìsso° mitsuryoo° midorukyuu° mìni
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 357

minìkàa mibà mimàikyaku mimiwa° miyakòdori


minikùi mihai° mimaiki˙° mìmùki miyakofuu°
minikomi° mibàe° mimaijoo° mìme miyakowàsure
minisÎkàato mihakarai° mimàihi˙° mimee°, -ei° Miyàzaki
minichua° mihakaràu° mimàu mimeuruwashìi Miyazàk˜ke˙
minitòmato mihatsu° mimae° mìmekatachi Miyazàk˜shi
mìnimamu mihàkke˙ mimaäàu, mi- mimèyòi miyasama°
minùku mihàkkoo maäòo mìmoza Miyazawakè˙ji
minè mihàttatsu mimakàru mimòdae miyashìbai
mineiri° mihàppyoo miamachiäai° mimochì° Miyajima°
mineuchi° mihatènu° mimachiäaèru° mimotò° miyàshiro
minezùtai mihanàsu Mìmana mimotoshìrabe miyasùi°
mìneraru mìhaba mimamòru mimotohÏkiukè- miyazùkae
mineraruuòotaa mihàrai° mimawàsu ni˙° miyazùkuri
mìno place name miharashi° mimawari° mimotohòshoo miyasudòkoro
mìnò three- miharashidai° mimawarìhi˙° mimotohoshoo- miyazono°
scroll set miharàsu mimawàru ni˙° miyadàiku
minouè° Miharayama° mìma˙ mimono° orna- myakka˙°
minouesòoda˙ miharai° mimì mental plant miyabàshira
minouebànashi miharijo° mimiakà° mimonò attrac- mìyabi
minouehà˙da˙ miharìni˙° mimiatarashìi tion, spectacle miyabito°
minoo° mihariba˙° mimiatè° mimofÎtamonài miyabìyaka
mìnokasa miharu° mimiùchi° mimo˙° miyabùru
minoäashi° miharukàsu° mimikàkì miya° miyama°
minoäàsu mibìiki mimikàkÎshi miyai° miyamàiri
minoäami° mihÏtsu° mimigàkùmo˙ Miyaäawa° miyamazàkura
minoäame° mihiraki° mimikàzari Mìyaäi Miyamotomùsa-
minokawà mihiràku mimìkÎso Miyaäìke˙ shi
minoke° mifÎtàtsù mimikòsuri myakù miyàru
minokoshi° mìburi° mimizatòi myakuùtsu Myà˙maa
minokòsu mibùrui mimizàwari myakudoo° myùujìamu
minoshirò° mìbu˙ mimizu° myakÎhaku° myùujikaru
minoshiròki˙° mibù˙ka mimizùku myakumyaku° myùujìsha˙
minòtake mibu˙shòomee, mimizubare° myakuraku° myùujikku
minoba˙° -ei mimise˙° Miyake° myuujikkÎhòoru
minòbu: Mino- mibu˙shoomee- mimisòoji miyàke Myùuzu
bùsa˙ shò°, -ei- mimidàtsu miyaäe° miyuki°
minobùto˙ mibu˙chìäai mimitàbu, -bo Miyakejima° Myù˙he˙
minofurikata° mibòoji˙ mimidare° miyaäebànashi Mìyo
minohòdo° mihotoke° mimicchìi miyaäemono° miyòi, miìi
minomawarì mihonomatsù- mimidoòi miyako° myòo strange,
minòmushi bara mimidòshima miyakoiri° unusual
minomo° mihorèru° miminarì° miyakoòoji myòo° vidya
minori° miho˙° miminarèru miyakoochi° (wisdom)
minòru mihò˙ichi mimihe˙° miyakòji miyòo
Minoru° miho˙hi˙° mimimotò° Miyakòjima° myòoasa
Minòwa mimai° mimiyori° miyakosòdachi myooa˙°
358 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

myooòo miyori° mi˙ee°, -ei° mì˙pee°, -ei° mukaiawasèru


myooäa° ginger miyoritàyori mì˙ka mi˙poo°: mi˙- muäaikàsha
myòoäa protec- mìraa mi˙ka˙° ka˙hòosoo mukàìkaze
tion mirai° to taste mi˙ka˙ìtaku mì˙boo mukaiäawa°
myòoäi buds mi˙kà˙ji˙ mi˙mì˙ mukàìzake
myookee°, -ei° mìrai future, mi˙ka˙shì˙koo mi˙yuu° muäàisha
myòoäo° future tense mi˙ka˙dè˙shoo mi˙yùuchi mukau°: muka-
myòokoo mìraieeäoo, -ei- mi˙ka˙hòosoo mi˙yoo° wanai°, mu-
myooäòo° miraiha° mi˙äyoo° mì˙ryoku kaòo, mukai-
myooäònichi, Mìrano mì˙ku mi˙ro˙° màsu, mukat-
-ò˙chi mìri mì˙äu mi˙wa° te°, mukaèba,
myooäòne˙° mirigùramu mi˙äee°, -ei° mù mukaè
myoosaku° miritarìzumu mi˙äèehi˙, -èi- mùi mukaeirèru
myòoji mirimèetoru mi˙ke˙° muika° mukaeuchi°
myòoshu miryoo° mì˙koku muìäi mukaeùtsu
myooshu˙° miryoku° mì˙äoto muìshÏki mukàèzake
myoojoo° miri˙° mì˙ji muìso˙ mukaèbi°
myooji˙° miri˙boshi° mi˙jisàiba˙ muichìmotsu, mukàèmizu
myooji˙sàmà mìru: mìnai, mi˙jisòshoo -butsu mukaeru°: mu-
myooseki° miyòo, mimà- mì˙sha muìchìmo˙ kaenai°, mu-
myoodai° su, mite, mìre- mì˙shu muìmi kaeyòo, mukae-
myooch˜ki ba, mìro mì˙ju mui˙° màsu, mukae-
myoochÏkiri˙° mirùäai mi˙shıka° mùu te°, mukaère-
myoochoo° mìrukaäe mi˙shÎku° mùusu ba, mukaero°
myòoto° mìrukara mi˙shıkoku mùudo mùäaku
myootojàwa˙ mìruku mi˙shÎshùäi muudomyùujik- mukaäo°
myootozure° mirukÎkyàra- mi˙shÎsèeji, -èi- ku mukashi°
myootobìna meru mi˙shÎteki° mùuto˙ mukashÏkàtaäi
myootòmatsu° mirukÎkòohìi Mi˙shÎtoo° mùubii mukashiäàtari
myòoni mirukÎsèeki mi˙joo° mùubume˙to mukàshÏtsu
myòonichi mirukÎhòoru mi˙shi˙° Mùumi˙ mukashinàjimi
myòone˙° mìrunimikanete mi˙see°, -ei° muumùu mukashibànashi
myoonè˙do mìrumani mi˙seeìi˙, -ei- muura˙rùuju mukashÏfuu°
myooba˙° alum mìrumiru mi˙se˙° muurùäai mukashimuaka-
myòoba˙ tomor- mìre˙ mì˙so mùeki shi°
row evening miri˙äamashìi mì˙zoku mue˙shàkai mukashimono°
myòomì miroku° mi˙zokùäaku mue˙bòchi mukàchi
miyoomìmane, mirokubòsatsu mi˙zokugèenoo, mue˙bòtoke mukatsÎku°
miyòo mìmane miwaku° -èi- muo˙° mukappara°
myoomoku°, miwake° mì˙zokujiketsu mùäa mukade°
meimoku° miwakèru mi˙zokÎshùäi mukai° mùkamuka
myòoya miwasure° mi˙zokÎsee°, -ei° muäai° open mùäamuchuu
myòoyaku miwasurèru° mì˙choo freight car mùka˙° un-
myòori miwatàsu mì˙to mùäai harmless awarded
myooree°, -ei° miwatasÎkàäiri mì˙do mukaiai° mùka˙ being
Mìyoko Mì˙ mi˙na° mukaiàu out of o‚ce,
miyoshi° mì˙i mi˙paku° mukaiàwase° lacking a title
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 359

mukà˙äae mukyuu° muketsÎkàku- mukoomochi° mushÏkera°


mukà˙kaku mukyòoiku mee, -ei mukòäane° mush˜kè˙
mukà˙kee, -ei mukyòosoo mukèkki˙ mukòkÎseki mujìko
mukà˙sa mùkyoku mukèsseki mùäoshi mushÏsàsare
mukà˙shi˙ mukìryoku mukenaòsu muäotarashìi mushÏshìäure
mùka˙notàyuu muäiwàra° mukeru°: muke- mukòtòri mushizu°
mùki muäiwarazàiku nai°, mukeyòo, mukoyòoshi mushìzushi
mùäi muäiwaràboo mukemàsu, muko˙° mushÏtàoru
mukiàu muäiwarabòoshi mukete°, muke- muäo˙° mùjitsu
muäìàki muki˙° rèba, mukero° muäò˙äeki mushÏtòrì
muäìùchi mukì˙shÏtsu muäe˙° musai° mujina°
mukìebi° muku° to turn muäe˙kìdoo mùsaku° mushinàbe°
mùkie˙ki head, to peel: muäe˙jìäoku, musàkui mushinì°
mukÏkàäaku mukanai°, mu- muke˙- musakurushìi mushinoìki
mukÏkaäòobutsu kòo, mukimà- muäe˙sèkini˙ musasabi° mushinoshirase°
muäìkari su, muite°, mu- mugè˙soku mùsashi, mushinone°
mukìäe˙ kèba, mukè muäe˙dai° Mùsashi mushiba°
mukiäe˙sıtò mùku innocent, muäe˙teki° MusashÏsàkai mushibara°
muäiko° pure mùko musashino° mushÏpa˙°
mugìkoo mukùi° muäòi Musashinose˙° mùjìhi
muäikòäashi mukuinu° mukoirì° musàbetsu mushÏfùujì
muäìkòki mukuìru° mukoèrabi musabòru mushiburo°
muäiäòha˙ mukùu mukoo° invalid, mùzamuza mushiboshi°
muäisaku° mukuäe° ine‡ectual musa˙° mùshimushi
mukìshÏtsu mùkÎchi mukòo over mùza˙ mushimèäane
mùkizu mukutsÎkèki there, opposite musa˙kàikyuu mushìmòno
mukidashi° mukùdori mukooìki° musà˙sha mùsha
mukidàsu mùkunoki mukooäashi° mushi° insect, mushiya°
muäìcha mukumì mukooäawa° bug mushàe
mùkÏchòoeki mukùmu mukooäishi° mùshi to ignore, mushiyaki°
mukìdoo mùkumuku mukòokizu to disregard, mùjaki
muäitoro° muäura° mukoosà˙äe˙- disinterested mùshakÎsha
mukinaòru mukureru° ryoodonari mushì steaming mushashùäyoo
muäibàtake mukurò° Mukoojima° mushiatsùi° mushanì˙äyoo
muäìbùe mukuròji° mukoojòome˙ mushiurì° mushaburi°
mukìbutsu mùäe mukoozuke° mushiòkuri mushaburitsıku
muäìfùmi mukee°, -ei° mukoozune° mushiòsae mushabùrui
mùkÏfumuki mùäee, -ei mukoozura°, mushÏkàesu° mushamado°
muäìmàäi mukèekaku, -èi- -oottsu- mush˜kàku mùshamusha°
mukimi° mùäeetaishoku, mukookki°, mujìkaku mushuu°
mukimiya° -ei- -kokki° mushÏkaäo° mujuu°
mùkìmuki mukeebu˙kàzai°, mukoohachìma- mushiäàki mushùukyoo
mukìmee, -ei -ei- ki mushiäàree, -ei mushùunyuu
mukimeetòoh- muketsu° flawless mukoobàrai mush˜kì mujùuryoku
yoo, -ei- mùketsu° blood- mukòomae mushÏkùi° mushùäi
muäimeshi° less mukòomizu mushÏkùdashi° mùshÎku
muäìyu mùäetsu mukoomuki° mushÏke° mushÎkumonò°
360 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

mushùmi musubinokàmi mudaashi° mutsùmu mùnieru


muju˙° musubibumi°, mùtai mùtè mùnisuru°
mushoo° musubìbu mùdai° untitled mutèekee°, -ei° mùni mùza˙
mujoo° musubime° mùdai free of mutèekoo, -èi- mùnyamunya
mushiyòoka˙ musubunokàmi charge muteekooshùäi, muni˙°
mujòoka˙ musuboreru° mudaäaki° -ei- munì˙ka
mujòoke˙ mùzumuzu mudaäane° muteetoo, -èi- muni˙shodàiji˙
mushooni° musumè mudaäui° mutekatsuryuu° munè
mùshoku musumeäata° mudaäuchi° muteki° to sound muneaäè°
mushiyokè° musumegìdayuu mudaäe° a foghorn munèatè
mushòzoku musumèäo mudajini° mùteki° invinci- munekàzari
mushòmee, -ei musumeäòkoro mudazùkai ble, unrivaled munekÎsò°
mushiritòru musumezàkari mudabana° mutèppoo munesà˙zu˙
mushìryo musumèkko mudabànashi mude˙° munetsùzuki
mushiru° musumedòojooji mudabone° mutè˙ka munèhaba
mujìrushi musumèbu˙ mudabòneori mutoo° munemàwari
mùshiro rather musumemùko mudameshi° mùdoo muneyakè°
mushirò straw musee°, -ei° mùda˙° mutòoka munewarinàäa-
mat mùzee, -ei mutà˙po mutòoha ya
mushiròbata° museeèeäa, -èi- mùchi mutòohyoo mùne˙
mushi˙° musèeo˙, -èi- muchiuchi°: mu- mutoomùha mune˙musoo°
muji˙° musèeka°, -èi- chiuch˜shoo° mutoorè˙nyuu munoo°
mushì˙kee, -ei musèeäe˙, -èi- mùchiùtsu mùdoku munòosha
mujì˙zoo museefÎshùäi, -ei- much˜kòku mùtose munòoryoku
muji˙too° musèebutsu, -èi- much˜tsùjo mutòdoke munooryòkısha
mushì˙ro˙ musèera˙, -èi- mùchimo˙moo mutò˙chaku, -ja- muhai°
mùsu: musànai, musekàeru mùcha munaina° muhàitoo
musòo, mushi- mùseki° muchaäui° munaäàwara muhà˙noo
màsu, mùshÏte, musèkìni˙ muchakÎcha° munaäi° mubà˙noo
mùseba, mùse musekimonò° muchàkùriku munakÎsò° mùhi
musuinàbe musèssoo muchuu° munaäurà° mùbi
musùu° musebinaki° muchi˙° munaäurushìi mùhÏtsu
muzukashìi° musebinàku muchi˙jòosha munaäe° muh˜hà˙
muzukashiya° musèbu mùtsu musasakì° muhyoo°
muzuäayùi° muse˙° mutsuu° munasàwaäi mùbyoo
muzukàru musei˙ì˙shoku mutsuubù˙be˙ munazà˙yoo muhyòojoo
musÎko° musè˙kyoku mùtsÎki munashìi° mùbyoosokÎsai
musùtto musè˙shÏtsu mukkùri munàshÏsa° mufuu°
musubareru° muse˙sòojuu mutsùäoto° munazùmori mufuujòotai
musubi° muse˙dè˙wa mutsùäoroo musasoko° mufuutai°
mubuiäani° muse˙mai° mucchìri munadaka° mufuuchìtài
musubikiri°, -kk- muse˙ryòkoo muttsù° munatsÎkihàc- mufù˙betsu
musubikò˙bu musoo° muttsùri choo mùbe
musubitama°, -tt- muzòosa muttsuriya° munabire° muhe˙°
musubitsÎki° musoomàdo mùtto° munamotò° muhoo°
musubitsıku musoji° mutsùbu munayakè° muboo°
musubitsÎkèru muda° mutsumajìi mùni muhòoshuu
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 361

mubòobi murasame° muròaji mei- thalmologist


muhoomono° murashìäure mùroku meekyoku°, mei- meeshu° sake of a
mùho˙ murashìbai murozaki° meeki˙°, mei- superior brand,
muhò˙ni˙° muràjuu° Muroto° meeäi˙°, mei- wines of repute
mùma muràsu Muròmachi mèeku°, mèi- mèeshu, mèi-
mùmi murasùzume Muromachijìdai mèeku˙, mèi- master hand,
mùmika˙soo murazùmoo Muromachibà- mèeäetsu, mèi- past master,
mumyoo° muradàtsu kÎfu meeke˙°, mei- leader
mumee°, -ei° murahàzure Muròra˙ meeäe˙°, mei- meeshuya°, mei-
nameless, ob- murahachìbu muro˙° mèeäo°, mèi- meesho°, mei-
scure, anony- muràbito° mù˙zùto meekò˙bi, mei- meeshoà˙nai,
mous murasama° mù˙mu˙ meesai°, mei- mei-
mùmee°, -ei° un- muramàtsuri mè meesaiäaki°, mei- meeshoo°, mei-
known, obscure mùramura irre- meàkashi° meesaisho°, mei- meejoo°, mei-
mumèeshi, -èi- sistibly, sud- meakì meesàifÎku, mei- meeshokyuuse-
mumèesuu, -èi- denly, to be meatarashìi meesaku°, mei- ki°, mei-
mumeesè˙shi, -ei- horny mèate meesatsu°, mei- meeshoku°, mei-
mumè˙kyo muràmura villa- meawàsu meesa˙°, mei- meeshozùe, mei-
mume˙kyoù˙te˙ ges meawasèru mèeza˙, mèi- meejiru°, mei-
mumòkÎteki murayàkuni˙ mei° niece meeshi°, mei- meeshi˙° super-
mùmo˙° murayàkuba mèi signature, business card, stition, mei-
mùyami mùri epitaph, in- noun Mèeshi˙°, Mèi-
mùyamiyatara muriòojoo scription, fa- mèeshi, mèi- M highway
muyuubyoo° murioshi° mous, noted, clear vision, a meejì˙, mei-
mùyoo° murìkai excellent celebrity, man meeshi˙ka°, mei-
mùyoku murisà˙da˙ meeka˙°, mei- of note meejì˙kai, mei-
mura° uneven, murìshi mèei, mèii Mèeji, Mèi- meeji˙kàtaäi,
irregular murijìi° mèeutsu, mèi- meeji°, mei- to mei-
murà village, murishì˙juu meeu˙°, mei- term, to name meejì˙äee, mei-
hamlet murìsuu meee˙°, mei- mèeji°, mèi- to meeji˙se˙°, mei-
-mura°: tonari- murìsoo Meeòosee, mei- express clearly, meejì˙hada, mei-
mura°, Shira- murìsoku òosei° to specify meesui°, mei-
kawamura° mùrina˙dai mèeka, mèi- meejiìshi˙, mei- meesùu, mei-
muraòkoshi mùrimutai mèeäa, mèi- meeshìire, mei- meesùru, mei-
Muràkami° mùriyari° meekai°, mei- meeshiäata°, mei- meezùru°, mei-
muraäàru mùryo meekaku°, mei- Meejiza°, Mei- meesee°, meisei°
muraki°, -äì° muryoo° infinite, meeäara°, mei- Meejijìdai, Mei- meeseki°, mei-
murakumo° inestimable, mmeeka˙°, mei- mèejitsu°, mèi- meesetsu°, mei-
murazàkai immeasurable mèeki, mèi- Meejite˙nòo, meesè˙, mei-
muràsaki mùryoo° free, mèeäi, mèi- Mei- meesoo°, mei-
murasakiiro° gratuitous meeäikàkÏkae°, meeshiba˙°, mei- meesooshì˙kee,
Murasaki ShÏkì- mùryoku mei- Meejimura°, Mei- mei-, -ei
bu murui° meeäìni˙°, mei- meesha°, mei- meedai°, mei-
murasakishÏki- murè meekyuu°, mei- famous or meeda˙°, mei-
bunìkki muretàtsu, -dà- meekyuuiri°, mei- exceptional car mèechi, mèi-
murasakizùishoo murèru meekyoo°, mei- mèesha, mèi- eye meecha°, mei-
muràzato° murò meekyoosh˜sui, doctor, oph- meechuu°, mei-
362 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

mèecho, mèi- meimèi- meùtsuri Mekamase˙° sardines held


meechoo°, mei- meemeehakÎha- meekaa° mèäami together
meechòoshi, mei- ku°, meimei- meekyàppu mek˜kì mezashì° bud
mèìkko meemetsu°, mei- mèeku mekìkichìäai cutting
meìppai mei- meetaa° MekìshÏko° mezàsu
meetee°, meitei° meemoo°, mei- Mèedee mèkimeki mezatòi
meetetsu°, mei- meemoku°, mei- meedo° mekyàbetsu mezàmashi
meete˙°, mei- meemokÎchì˙- meetoru° meäirè mezamashìi
meetè˙äai, mei- äi˙, mei- meetoruhoo° mèkuäi mezamashidòkei
meedo°, mei- meemoku°, mei- meeri˙äurìsÎto mekÎsarèäane mezamè
meetoku°, mei- meemò˙koo, mei- meeru° mekùjira mezamèru
mèenichi, mèi- meeyaku°, mei- meeruòodaa meäùsuri mèzaru
mèeba, mèi- meeyuu°, mei- meerubòkkÎsu mèkÎso mesarèru
meehaku°, mei- mèeyo, mèi- mei˙ìbe˙to, mee- mèkÎchi mezàwari
meeba˙°, mei- mèeyok˜so˙, mèi- mei˙sÎtà˙do, mekùbase meshì
mèebi, mèi- meeyokyòoju, mei- mee- mekùbari mèji
meehÏtsu°, mei- meeyoshìmi˙, mei˙sÎtorìito, meäumareru° Mèshia, -iya
meehi˙°, mei- mei- mee- meäumi° meshiaäarimono°
meebi˙°, mei- meeyòshoku, mei- mei˙dìsshu, mee- meäumu° to meshiaäàru°
mèefu, mèi- meeyòshi˙, mei- mei˙tèeburu, have mercy, to meshiaäèru°
meefÎku°, mei- mèeyoba˙kai, mee- give alms meshìi
mèebutsu, mèi- mèi- mei˙bà˙ku, mee- meäùmu to meshÏkae°
meebutsuòtoko, meeyòyoku, mei- mèga bud, to sprout meshÏkakaèru
mei- myòori, mèi- mèäao mekurà meshìäama°
meebutsuäire°, meeryuu°, mei- mekàkÎshi mekuràoni meshijàwa˙
mei- meeryoo°, mei- mekakÎshìoni mekurasàäashi meshÏtà°
meebu˙°, mei- meìru mekakè mekurajima° meshìdai°
meebù˙ka°, mei- meeree°, meirei° mekakebara° meäuràsu meshÏtakì°
meebo°, mei- meereekee°, mei- mekakebòokoo mekuraba˙° meshidàsu
meehoo°, mei- reikei° meäakèru mekurahèbi meshÏtsùkai
meeboo°, mei- meereki°, mei- mèkaäo mekuramèppòo meshitsÎkàu°
meebooka°, mei- meiro° look on mekashÏkòmu° mekuri° meshÏtsùbu
meebookòoshi, person's face mekashiya° meäuri° meshidoki°
mei- mèero, mèi- meäàshira meäuriai° meshÏtòru
meeboku°, mei- maze, labyrinth mekàsu maeäuriàu meshìbitsu°
meebokuya°, mei- meero°, mei- mekàzura meäuriawase° mèshibe
meemyaku°, mei- meeroo°, mei- mekata° meäuriawasèru meshimàe
mèemu, mèi- meero˙°, mei- meäàtaki mekuru° mejimàäuro
meemee°, mei- meero˙takÎse- mèkado meäuru° meshìmono
mei° to name, tsu°, mei- mègàto˙ mekurumèku meshìmorì
to christen mèewaku, mèi- mekanìzumu mekureru° meshimoriò˙na
meemèe, meimèi meewakumèeru, mèäane Mèäuro meshìya
individual, mei-, -mèi- meäaneäoshi° Meäuròku mèjaa measure
respective mèi˙, mèe˙ meäanèbashi meäèru mejaa° major
meemèezara, meuè° meäaneya° mekòboshi mejaarìigu
meimèi- mèushi° mèkabu mesakì meshaäaru°
meemèeshÏki, meuchì° mègàho˙ mezashi° dried meshùudo
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 363

meshòo mèkkachi mènami mèmorii° me˙ka˙°


mèjiri metsÎkaru°, menarèru mèyasu° me˙kÏtsu°
mejìrushi mekkaru° mènyuu meyanì mè˙kyo
mejiro° mekki° Mènuetto merani˙° mè˙kyokaide˙
Mèjiro° mètsÎki mènuki° mèramera me˙kyòshoo°
mejirooshi° mekkyaku° menukidòori merà˙kòrii me˙kyòjoo°
mèsu knife, to mekkìri menurì° meri° mè˙kùi
call mekki˙° meneji° Meriikurisùma- me˙kuràu
mesù female metsÎkè° mènoiro° su me˙ko°
mesùosu° mekkemono° mènoo meriigòora˙do, me˙zai°
mezùmari metsÎkèyaku° menokatakì -rau˙do me˙zàifu
mezurashìi mekkeru° menokokà˙joo merike˙° mè˙shi
mezurashiäàru metsuzai° menokòzashi merike˙ko° me˙shÏki°
mese˙° mèsshi mènòsaki merike˙bàri me˙juufÎkuhai°
mezosòpurano meshÏtsu° mènòshÏta merikòmu mè˙jo
mesokkò° mèsshi hòokoo menotàma mèritto me˙jòo°
Mesopotàmia, mèsshu mènòto merihari° me˙shoku° dis-
-iya messùru mènodoku mèrimeri missal
mèsomeso mèsseeji menomàe meriyasu° mè˙shoku ex-
medaka° messè˙jaa mebàe° meriyasuami° pression, com-
mèdaki messe˙jaabòoi mebàèru meri˙su° plexion
mèdake messòo mèhashi merutodàu˙ me˙jìru°
medashì mètta mebàtaki, ma- mèruto˙ me˙shi˙°
medashìboo mettauchi° mehachìbu, -bu˙ Mèruhe˙ me˙shi˙kòozoo
metasekòia mèttayatara mèhana Merubòru˙ mè˙su
medachì metsùbushi mehanadachì° merè˙äe° me˙sùru
medàtsu metsuboo° mebarì mèròo me˙zùru°
metatè meppòo mebaru° mèrodii me˙zee°, -ei°
medamà metsuretsu° mèhÏkisodehÏki merodòrama me˙zèete˙, -èi-
medamashòohi˙ mète mèbina meromero° me˙sèehi˙, -èi-
medamayaki° mèdia mebùku mèro˙ me˙seki° person-
medarìsuto mèdikaru mebù˙ryoo merò˙pa˙ al reproof, dis-
metarìkku medetài meberì° me˙° face, mug, charge
metaru° medetàsa mèboshi mask mè˙seki area
mèdaru° medetàshi mede- meboshìi mè˙ surface, me˙setsu°
mèta˙ tàshi memài side, page, as- me˙zè˙°
meta˙gàsu medèru memaäurushìi pect, side, mè˙so
mèchiru, me- mèdo mèmaze noodle, cotton mè˙soo
chìiru medòoshi mèmatsu me˙eki° me˙sòofude
mechiruàrukoo- medòori° memiè° me˙ekÏsee°, -ei° me˙sòoru
ru, mechii- medohaäi° memeshìi me˙ekÏtai° me˙sore°
mechìäai metòru mèmo me˙òrìmono me˙tàiko
mècha mèdoree mèmoaterarenai mè˙ka me˙tàritii
mechakÎcha° medoreerìree memochoo° me˙kai° me˙tarutèsÎto
mechamecha° mètoro momotò me˙kaini˙° me˙da˙°
mèchoo metoronòomu memorì me˙kàibi me˙chÏkatsu
Mèkka metoropòrisu memoriaruhòoru me˙kàyaku me˙chibòoru
364 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

mè˙choo moe° mookèäuchi° mooshìbu˙ moodooke˙°


mè˙tsu moeaäàru mookeshìäoto mòosha° moodoku°
me˙tee°, -ei° moeato° mookemonò° mòoja mòoni˙äu
mè˙tena˙su moeutsùru mookeyaku° mooshuu° mooni˙äukòoru
Mè˙deru moekasu° mookèru: moo- moojuu° mooni˙äusàabi-
me˙dòo moeäara° kènai, mooke- mòosho su
me˙dokÎsài, moeäi° yòo, mookemà- mooshoo° mòone˙°
-doo- moekÎsa° su, mòokete, moojoo° moobaku°
me˙tòrì moesakàru mookèreba, mooshòbi moohatsu°
me˙dori° moesashi° mookèro mòosho˙ moohà˙äeki
me˙neru° moedàsu mooke˙° mooshiwake° moohÏtsu°
mè˙ba moetàtsu mooäe˙° mooshiwakenài moohÏtsuäa°
mè˙baa moetsÎki° mòoko mooshiwatashi° moohyoo°
me˙hàbutae moetsÎkìru mookoo° mooshiwatàsu° mòofu
mè˙bi moetsıku mookòji˙ mooshi˙° moofùbuki
me˙bìroodo moedèru mookòha˙ moojì˙° mòobo
mè˙bu moenokori° mooko˙° mòosu: moosà- moomai°
mè˙pu moenokòru moosàika˙° nai, moosòo, mòomaku°
me˙pÎku° moehiroäàru mooshiaäèru° mooshimàsu, moomakÎhàkuri
me˙peki° moeru°: moe- mooshiawase° mòoshÏte, mòo- moomòo°
me˙boo° visage, nai°, moeyòo, mooshiawasèru° seba, mòose moomoku°
countenance moemàsu, mooshiide° moosÎkòshi moomokÎteki°
me˙bòo° visor moete°, moerè- mooshiire° Mòoze, -se mooyuu°
mè˙boo rolling ba, moerò mooshiirèru° moosee°, -ei° mòora
pin, swab moo° further, mooshiukèru° moozerùjuu Mòori
me˙moku°, another, more, mooshiokuri° moosè˙ Motònari
me˙bo- again mooshiokùru° mooze˙° mòoru
me˙bokÎshìdai° mòo° no longer mooshiokurèru° moosoo° moorusÎfùäoo
me˙mokuda- mòo network mooshÏkanèru° moosòochÏku mooretsu°
ma°, me˙bo- mooai° moojiki° mòoda moorè˙shuu
me˙mokunài, mooagàkkoo mooshikÏkasèru° mòotaa mooroo°
me˙bo- mooaku° mooshìäo mootaabàiku mòka
mè˙ma mòoi mooshÏkoshi° mootaabòoto moäàku
me˙mitsu° mooichido° mooshÏkomi° MootàkÎtoo Moäamìäawa
me˙mè˙° unbro- mòoka mooshÏkomìsha mootarizèesho˙ mòäi
ken, endless, mooäàkkoo mooshÏkomiju˙° mooda˙° moäish˜kè˙
continuous mookàru mooshÏkomishò° moochoo° hellkite moäìte˙°
me˙mè˙ each mooka˙° mooshÏkòmu° mòochoo bung, moäìdoo
one, all, every mooka˙gè˙shoo mooshÏtate° cecum moäitòru
direction mooka˙jùusoo mooshÏtsuäi° moochòoe˙° moäìru
me˙moku° mòokinofuboku mooshÏtsuke° Mòotsàruto moku° tree, shrub
me˙yoo° sheep, mooki˙° mooshitsÎkèru° mòoteru mòku <ursday
looks, features mookì˙rui mooshide° moodèru mòäu
me˙yoo° strange, mòoguru mooshidèru° mòotè˙ Mokuami°
mysterious mookùre˙ mooshinobèru° mòodo mokùäyo
mè˙rui mookè mooshÏhiraki° mootoo° mokuäuu°
mòisuchaa mooäeki° mooshÏhiràku° moodoo° mokuäeki°
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 365

mokuäèk˜sha mokÎha˙° mòsa mosùru mochÏkiri°


moäusà° mokÎha˙zuri° mozàiku mozoo° mochÏkìru
mokùzai° mòkÎhi° silence mozaikubyoo° mozòoshi mochiäusa°
Moäusàe˙ mòkÎhi to bark mosaku° mozòohi˙° mochiäusare°
mokÎsaku° mokùh˜ke˙ mosàtto mosòtto mochÏkuzùsu°
mokÎsatsu° mokuhÏtsu° mòshi mòzomozo mochÏkoshi°
mokÎsa˙° mokÎhyoo° Mòji modàè mochÏkòsu
mokuji° mokÎhìroi mòji, mò˙ji modàèru mochÏkotae°
mokushÏtsu° mokÎhe˙° moshio° motaäèru° mochÏkotaèru°
mokushÏtsùbu mokÎho˙° moshiòäusa motàsu mochìäoma°
mokujuu° mokumè° mòshÏka modàsu mochÏkomi°
mokÎshoo° mokumoku° mojika° motasekakèru° mochÏkòmu
mokÎshìroku, silent, mute, mòshÏkashÏtara motasèru mochiäome°
-kujì- dumb mòshÏkashÏte motatsÎku° mochìzao°
mokùsu, mokısu mòkumoku mòshÏkasuruto modanìzumu mochÏsàru
mokuzu° rising (smoke, mòshÏkuwa mòtamota mochijìka˙
mokÎsùru clouds, Æ), mojizura° motaràsu Mochìzuki
mokÎsee°, -ei° rolling up, bil- mojidòori motarè mochidashi°
wood spirit, lowing up mojiba˙° moda˙° mochidàsu
wooden mòäumoäu mojihòosoo moda˙àato mochitsÎkì°
mokÎsèe°, -èi° mokuyaku° mòshimo moda˙gàaru mòchÏtsu motà-
fragrant olive mokuyòo mòshimoshi moda˙jàzu retsu
mokuze˙° Mokuyòobi mòjimoji moda˙bàree mochinaòsu°
mokÎsoo° mokuyoku° mòsha° moda˙bòoi mochiniäe°
mokuzòo° moäura° mòshiya mochi° rice cake mochìnushi
mokuzookè˙chÏ- moäuratàtaki mojamoja° mochì to wear, mòchinoki
ku moäuràmochi° mòshu° durability, mochibà
mokÎsoku° mòkuri mojùuru life, charge mochÏhakobi°
mokÎtà˙ mòäuri moshoo° mochiai° mochÏhakòbu°
mokÎta˙äa° moäurikòmu° mojiyomi° mochiaäari° mochÏhada°
mokÎtà˙shi moäùru: moäu- mòjiri arm, sleeve mochiaäèru° mochibana°
mokÎtà˙sha rànai, moäu- mojirì topcoat, mochìaji moch˜fuda
mokÎchoo° ròo, moäuri- greatcoat, mochiami° mochìbu˙
mokÎteki° màsu, moäùt- overcoat mochiarùku° mochìmae°
mokÎtekiìshÏki te, moäùreba, mojìru mochiawa° mochimawari°
mokÎtèk˜chi moäùre mosu°: mosanai°, mochiawàsu° mochimawàru°
mokÎtekìbutsu mokuree°, -ei° mosòo, moshi- mochiawase° mochìmòno
mokÎtekìro˙ mokurè˙äa màsu, moshÏte°, mochiawasèru° mochiya°
mòkÎto mouroo° mosèba, mosè mochìie° mochaäaru°
mokÎtoo° mokuroku° mòzu mòchìifu mochìyaku°
mokudoo° mokuromì° Mòzu mochiìru mochaäeru°
mokudoku° mokuròmu mòzuku° mochiomori° mochuu°
mokuni˙° mokee°, -ei° MosÎkuwa° mochÏkaeri° mochiyori°
mokuneji° moäèru MòsÎkoo mochÏkàeru° mochiyòru
mokune˙° mòko mosÎkòshi mochÏkakèru° mochìro˙
mokuba° mòkomoko mosÎso° mochiäàshi° mòtsu: motànai,
mokÎhai° mòäomoäo mosuri˙° moch˜kabu° motòo, mochi-
366 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

màsu, mòtte, motenashi° motòmu monoòboe mononohò˙


mòteba, mòte motenàsu motomè monoòmoi mononomìäoto
mokka° tacit ap- motehayàsu° motomèru: mo- monokàkì monòbi
proval modemu° tomènai, moto- monokàäe° monohòshì
mòkka now motemote° meyòo, moto- monoäatài monohoshìzao
mokka˙° motèru memàsu, motò- monoäàtari monohoshìdai°
mokka˙äàkki mòderu mete, motomè- monoäatàru monohoshibà°
mòkkyo moderùkàa reba, motomèro monoäanashìi° monomane°
mokkiri° moderukèesu motomoto° monoäusa° monomì
mokki˙° moderuchè˙ji motoyui°, mottòi monoäusài monomìdai°
mokkè° moto° capital, mòtòyori Monoäusatàroo monomidakài
mokkee°, -ei° price modorì monoäùrui monomiyàäura
mòkkò mòto originally, modorìashi monokuro°: monomiyùsa˙
mokkoo° at first modoriäake° monokuròomu monomezura-
mokkoku° motò owing to, modoriäàtsuo monoäòi° shìi°
mokkotsu° raw material modoriäùruma monoäòkoro monòmòosu
mossàri motòi modorìmichi monoäoshi° sepa- monomòode
mossòomeshi motouke° motòru ration monomòchi°
mottài° motouri° modòru: modo- monòäoshi° taking good
mottainài Motòori Norìna- rànai, modo- manner care of things
mottaibùru äa ròo, modori- monòäoto monomòchì rich
mòtte modokashìi màsu, modòt- monosàshì person, weal-
mòtteiki° motoki° te, modòreba, monosabishìi° thy person
mòtteumareta mòdoki modòre monoshìzuka monomonoshìi
mottèkÏte motòki˙° mònaka monoshìrazu monomòrai
mòtteku° motoäoe° Mònako monoshìrì monoyawàràka
mottekùru modoshì mònitaa monoshiriäao° monòyuu
mottekòi modoshìzee, -ei mònyume˙to monòsu monorèeru
mottènohoka° motojimè° monukè° mo˙zùkì monoròogu
mòttemawaru modòsu: modo- monukenokarà monozùkÎshi monowàkari°
mòtto sànai, modo- mono° quality monosuäòi monowàkare
mottòi, motoyùi sòo, modoshi- monò person monosÎsamajìi monowàsure
mòttoo màsu, modò- monoàtsÎkai monòsùru monowàrai
mòttòmo shÏte, modòse- monoàrasoi monodàne° mobàiru
mottomorashìi ba, modòse monoàware monotarinài° mòhaya
moppu° motozùku monoìi monotòo˙ moha˙°
motsuyaki° motozume° monoìmì monòdomo moha˙jìai
motsuryòori motose˙° monoìrè monotòrì mohà˙see, -ei
motsure° motòdàka monoùi mononarèru moha˙teki°
motsurekòmu° motochoo° monoùäe mononètami mòhi
motsurèru motodè° monoùrì monono° mobìiru
moteasòbu° motodòori° monoòkì mononoàware mofÎku°
moteatsÎkàu° motodorì° monookiäoya° mononokàzu mòhea, -heya
moteamashi° motonari° monookiba° mononòäu mohoo°
moteamashimo- motone° monoojì° mononoke° momareru°
no° mòtonomokuami monoòshimi mononòfu momi° paddy,
moteamàsu° motobune° monoòtò Mononobe° unhulled rice
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 367

mòmi spruce, momodachi° mòri keeper, morekÏku° mò˙sha


fir, red silk Momòtaroo baby-sitter morènaku mo˙jiyaki°
momiai° momòtose moriaäàru morèru mo˙jayaki°
momiàu momòniku moriaäèru moròi mò˙shu°
momiaäe° momonosekku° moriawase° moròkyuu mo˙ju°
momiàrai momohÏki° Morìoka moroko° mo˙jubòsatsu
momiura° Momoyama° Moriokàshi morokoshi° mo˙shoo°
momiäara° Momoyamajìdai morikaeshi° morozashi° mo˙shìròchoo
momikÎsha° momoware° morikàesu Mòròkko mo˙shi˙°
momikÎcha° momò˙äa moriäàshi morote° mo˙jì˙°
momikeshi° momò˙äaa morikiri° morotomo° mo˙sùu
momikèsu mòya morikòmu mòroni mo˙sùu˙
mòmiji moyai° morikoròsu moroha° mò˙sÎtaa
momijiòroshi moyaibùne morijio° morohaku° mo˙see°, -ei°
momijiäari° moyàu MorishÏta° morohada° mo˙seki°
momijìba moyashì° morizuna° morohiza° mò˙zeki
momisùrì moyash˜kko° morisoba° morobito° mo˙zetsu°
momidàne° moyasu° Mòrita morohèiya Mo˙ze˙°
momide° mòyamoya moridàkÎsà˙ moromì mo˙zè˙°
mominuka° moyoo° Moritaza° moromoro° mo˙ze˙jàkura
momìnori° moyooami° moritatèru° mò˙ Mo˙za˙nakà-
momihoäùsu moyooäae° motitsÎke° mo˙ee°, -ei° choo
momiryòojì moyooshi° moritsÎkèru mo˙òmeshi mo˙ze˙bàrai
momu° to mas- moyoòsu° mòrikko mo˙ori° mo˙zè˙machi
sage: moma- moyori° moritsÎchi° mò˙ka mo˙tàaju
nai°, momòo, morai° moritsubùsu mò˙äai mo˙taajushà-
momimàsu, moraiukèru moribachi° mo˙äàika˙ shi˙
mo˙de°, momè- moraiäo°, -kko° moribana° mò˙äaifÎshutsu mo˙dai°
ba, momè moràichiji° morìbùde˙ Mo˙kàshoo mo˙dàiäai
mome° trouble moraite° morimono° mo˙kàsee, -ei mo˙dàisaku
momeäoto° morainaki° mòrimori mo˙äàmae mo˙dàite˙
momeru° moràibi° morìyaku° mo˙äara°, -˙g- mò˙chi
mome˙° moraibùro° moru° to pile mo˙ka˙° mò˙chaku°
momè˙ìto moràimizu° up, to serve: mò˙kii mo˙chuu°
momè˙haba moraimono° moranai°, mo- mò˙ku mo˙choo°
momè˙bàri moraiyu° ròo, morimà- mo˙kùnashi° mo˙chìrime˙
momè˙mono° morau°: morawa- su, motte°, mo- mo˙äè˙ mò˙tsÎki
momè˙wata nai°, moraòo, rèba, morè mò˙ko mo˙tee°, -ei°
momo° peach, moraimàsu, mòru to leak mò˙äoo mo˙to°
peach tree moratte°, mo- out, to escape: mò˙kokaihoo mo˙too°
mòmo one's raèba, moraè morànai, mo- Mò˙äoru mò˙doo
thigh moràsu rimàsu, mòtte, mo˙äò˙° mo˙dòkoro°
momoiro° moratòriamu mòreba, mòre mo˙satsu° mo˙tòshuu
momoiroyùuäi morarìsÎto mòrutaru° mo˙shi° painful mo˙dòri°
momokurisa˙- mòraru morihine° death, agoniz- mò˙nai
ne˙° kakÏhachì- mori° forest, morumòtto ing death mo˙nashi°
ne˙ harpoon morè mò˙shi incisor mo˙pa°
368 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

mo˙pàura° yaoyaosh˜chì yakiäote° yakirì˙äo tor


mo˙batsu° yaoyamono° yakiäome° yaki˙° yakÎshakòdomo
mo˙hàbutae yaoyòrozu yakÏkoròsu yaku° to burn, yàkÎshu°
mò˙ba˙ yàora° yakizàkana to heat, to yakÎshùshoo
mò˙bi yakai° yakÏshio° bake, to be yakushÎtsu°
mò˙pi yàäai° yakÏsuäi° jealou: yaka- yakujutsu°
mo˙pyoo° yaäàifÎku yakisÎtèru nai°, yakòo, ya- yàkÎsho° transla-
Mo˙bukaäàkı- yakaimaki° yakÏsoba° kimàsu, yaite°, tion
shoo yakaimùsubi yakÏtate° yakèba, yakè yakÎshò public
mo˙pÎku° yaäaku° yakidama° yàku transla- o‚ce
Mo˙bùshoo yàkazu° yakidamaè˙ji˙ tion, version, yàkujo
mo˙budàiji˙ yaäàsuri yakidà˙äo drugs yakujoo°
mò˙bura˙ yakata° yakÏtsuäi° yakù evil, mis- yakujoozumi°
mo˙pè° yakatabùne yakitsıku fortune yakÎshoku°
mo˙mè yaäàkkoo yakitsÎkùsu yàäu yakÎshi˙°
mo˙moo° yaäate° yakitsÎke° yakùi˙° yakÎsùu
mo˙mòoritsu yakamashìi yakitsÎkèru yakùeki° yakuzukì°
mo˙mo˙° yakamashiya° yakidòofu yakue˙° yakuzùkuri
mo˙yoo° yakarà° yakÏtori° yakuòtoshi yakÎsùru
mo˙ryuu° yaäara° yakinaoshi° yakuäai° yakÎseki°
mò˙ro yaka˙° kettle yakinaòsu yakuäaè° yakÎse˙°
mo˙rooshùäi yàka˙° night, yakinamashi° yakùäaku° yakùze˙
yà nighttime yakiniku° yakuäàkıshi yakÎsoo° medic-
yàa yaka˙àtama yakinorì yakuäakÎhàkÎ- al herb
yàado yaka˙kòokoo yakiba° shi, -hàkase yakÎsòo priest
yàaru yaka˙sàtsuee, -ei yakÏhata°, -bata° yakuäàkùbu in charge
yaarùhaba yaka˙chùuäaku yakÏhamàäuri yakuäarà° yakÎsoku°
yaàwase yaka˙h˜kòo yakÏharàu yàkuäi° yakÎsokuäoto°
yài yakà˙bu yaäìhiäe yakuäe˙° yakÎsokÎtèäata
yaito° yaki° ceramic yakÏfu° yakuäo° yakudai°
yàino yàino ware, temper- yaäibushi° Yàkuza yakÎtaku°
yàiba ing yakibuta° yakùzai° yakÎtàtazu
yàiyai yàki night air, yakimashi° yakuzàishi yakudàtsu
yài˙° the stillness of yakimiso° yakÎsatsu° yakudatèru
yaùtsuri night yakimyòoba˙ yakuzamono° yàäuchinowata-
yaè yàäi yakimeshi° yakÎshi° shi
yaee°, yaei° yakiami° yàkimoku yàkÎshi yakÎchuu°
Yàeko yakiimo° yakimòchì yàkuji° yakÎte°
yaezaki° yakiire° yakimochìyaki° yakÎshìji° yakÎtoo°
yaezàkura yakii˙° yakimodoshi° yakÎshidoo° yakudoo°
Yaesu° yakiuchi° yakimodòsu yakÎshinyòrai yakÎtoku°
yàeba yakiùdo˙ yakimono° yakujìhoo° yakudoku°
yaemùäura yakiäane° yakyuu° YakÎshìma° yakudòkoro°
yae˙° yakÏkiri° yaäyuu° yakÎsha° actor, yakùdoshi
yaochoo° yakÏkìru yakyuujoo° actress, able yakùna˙°
yaòmote yakiäushi° yaäyoo° man yakuni˙°
yaoya° yakìäuri° yàkyoku yàkÎsha transla- yakubà
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 369

yakÎhàrai yakekoäashi°, yasaäata° sùkÎte, yàsÎke- yadàiji˙


yakùbi -kko- yasakanino- reba, yasùme yataibàyashi
yakùbyoo yakekoäe°, -kko- maäatama yasumè° yatàibone°
yakubyòoäami° yakèzake° yasakì° yasumèru yatàimise
yakÎhi˙° yakejini° yasàkebi, -tà- yasumono° yataäàrasu
yakubùsoku yakeshìnu yasashii°: yasà- yasumonòkai yàtakeni°
yakùbutsu° yakedasare° shÏkatta, yasa- yasuyàsu yatatè
yakubu˙° yaketsıku shÏku°, yasàshì- yasuyado° yàdàne
yakÎhoo° yaketsÎchi° kÎte, yasàshÏ- yasuràu yàtanokaäamì
yakÎhòoshi yakeppachì kereba, yasàshÏ yasùraka yakkyokıhoo
yakÎho˙° yakedo° yasàshÏsa° yasuraäi° yatsuäiri°
yakumàe yakeno° yasashimi° yasuràäu yatsukÎchi°
yakumakè° yakenòäàhara yasasùäata yasurì° yàkke
yakumàwari yakenokori° yazama° yasurìäami yakkoo°
yakumì° yakenokòru yàshi yasu˙jìru yakkosa˙°
yakumuki° yakehìbachi yàji yasu˙zùru yakkodàko
yakumè yakebòkkui yajiuma°, -i˙ma° yase° yakkodòofu
yakumee°, -ei° yakeyama° yashÏkì yasee°, -ei° yatsuzaki°
yakumeäara° yakeru°: yake- yashÏkiàto yaseeteki°, -ei- yàssamòssa
yakumoäòto nai°, yakeyòo, yashÏkizùtome yaseude° yatsÎshì
yakùyaku yakemàsu, ya- yajikÏta°, -kida° yaseuma°, -e˙ma° yatsùsu, yatsÎsù
yakuyoo° kete°, yakerèba, yajikÏtadòochuu yaseotoròèru yacchaba°
yakuyooshokù- yakerò yashÏkibòokoo yaseäata° yattsù°
butsu yake˙° yashÏkìmachi yaseäàma˙ yattsÎkeshìäoto
yakuyoosèkke˙ yaäe˙° yashinai° yaseäisu° yattsÎkèru
yakuyokè° yake˙äari° Yàshima yasekokèru, -ekko- yatsude°
yaäura° yaäe˙bori° yashaäo° yasechi° yatteiru°, yatteru°
yaäurashÏta° yàäo yàshu yasetsÎchi° yattekùru
yaäuradàiko yakoo° yashuu° yaseppòchì yatto°
yaäuràmo˙ yaäoo° illicit yajuu° yasehosòru yatsudoki°
yàkuri union, com- yashoku° mid- yaseyama° yattoku°
yakurìäaku mon-law mar- night snack yaseuru°: yase- yattokosa°
yakùryoo° riage yàshoku night nai°, yaseyòo, yattokosıttoko
yaäurumàäiku yàäoo name, view yasemàsu, yase- yattònokotòde
yaäurumasoo° stage name yàjiri° te°, yaserèba, yatsıhàshi
yakuroo° yakoosee°, -ei° yajìru yaserò yappàshi
yakuwàri° yakòochuu° yajìrushi yaseròoni˙ yatsùbara°
yakuwa˙° yakoodòkee, -ei yàshiro yàse˙° yappàri
yake° despair yakootòryoo yajiròbee yase˙byòoi˙ yàtsubo
yàke desperation yakoorèssha yàshi˙° yàso yatsumeùnaäi
yakeato° yakòze˙ yaji˙° yasoo° yàtsura
yakeana° yasai° yashi˙ka° yazòo° yatsurè
yakee°, -ei° yasaiìtame yashì˙saku yasòokyoku yatsurèru
yakeishi° yasaisàrada yasu° yasòkai yàdemo teppoo-
yakeochìru yasaimono° yasuàäari yasokyoo° dèmo
yakekìru yasaòtoko yasùi: yàsÎkat- yasoji° yàto
yakekÎso° yasàäashi ta, yàsÎku, ya- yàtai yàdo
370 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

yatòi yànami° yabuhebi° yamaäata° yamataka°


yatoiire° yanarì yàbumi° Yamaäatàke˙ yamatakàboo
yatoiirèru° yànarishi˙doo yabùru to tear: Yamaäatàshi yamadashi°
yatoikiri° yanì yaburànai, ya- yamaäàtana yamadashi°
yatòini˙° yanisaäàru° buròo, yaburi- yamàäara° yamatanoòrochi
yotoikiri° yanikkòi màsu, yabùtte, yamaäari° yamadaryuu°
yatòu: yatowà- yanyòoshoo° yabùreba, ya- yamaäaryuu° yamakkè°
nai, yatoòo, yaniwani° bùre yamàkawa, Ya- yamatsùzuki
yatoimàsu, ya- yànushi yaburè slit, crack yamaäawa° yamatsıtsùji
tòtte, yatòeba, yàne yabureäàsa, -ei° yamaka˙° yamatsùnami
yatòe yaneita° yaburekàburè yamakà˙muri yamatè°
yatoo°, yo- bur- yaneura° yabureäòromo yamàäì Yamatese˙°
glar, night yaneäàwara yabureshòoji yamaäishi° yamàdera
thief yanezùtai yaburemè° yamàäiri Yàmato
yàtoo° opposi- yanebùne° yaburèru yamaäiwa° yamatoimo°
tion (party) yanèya yàbu˙ yamakùjira yamatòuta
yatòomushi, yo- yanoasàtte, yàbo yamakùzure yamatòe°
yadoäae° yanaa- yàhoo Yamàäuchi yamatoäòkoro
yadokari° yàno sàisoku yaboo° Yamaäùch˜ke˙ yamatoäòto
yadosàäari yanòji yahootai° Yamaäùchìshi yamatokòtoba
yadòsu yànone yabottài yamàäuni Yamatojìdai
yàtose yabà° yabote˙° yamakè° yamatoshìmane
yadochoo° yabài yaboyoo° yamaäoe° yamatodàmashii
yadòchi˙ Yabàkei° yamà yamaäoshi° yamatonadèshÏko
yadonashi° yahazu° yamaài° yamakòtoba yamatoni°
yadònushi yàbane yamaàrashi yamagòboo yamatonìshÏki
yadòhÏki yahàri yamaàruki yamaäòmori yamatòmai°
yadomoto° yàha˙° yàmai yamaäoya° yamatomì˙zoku
yadoya° yaba˙jì˙ yàmaikookoo yamàsaka yamadomè°
yadorì yaha˙suäì yamaishìrazu Yamàzaki Yamatomonoäà-
yadorìäi° yàhi yamaidare° yamazàkura tari
yadòru yabu° yamainu° yamazato° yamatoya°
yadoroku° yabuisha° yamaimo° yamazàru° yamàdori
yadowari° yabuichÏkùa˙ yamà˙ba, yamàshi yamanaka°, Ya-
yàna yabuirì° -màuba yamaji° Yamanakàko
yanaka° yabuuäùisu yamaòku yamashìi yamanakabushi°
Yanaäawa° yabuka°, -kka° yamaòtoko yamashìäoto Yamànashi
yanaäawanàbe yabukaraboo° yamaòroshi YamàshÏta° Yamanàsh˜ke˙
yanaäi° yabùku yamàäa° Yamàshiro° yamanami°
yanaäiäòori, -äòri yabukòojì yamakai° yamasÎso° yamanarì°
yanaäiäoshi° yabùsaka° yamakàäashi yamazùtai yamaneko°
yanaäidaru° yabusame° yamakakè° yamazumi° yamanoie°
yanaäichoo° yabùsuma yamakàäe° yamazoi° yamanoimò°
yanaäìba° yabusoba° yamàkaäo yamasòdachi yamanòkami°
Yanaäibashi° yabudàtami yamakàji° Yamada° yamanosàchi
Yanaäiwara° yabutsùbaki yamàkaze yamadai° yamanote°
yanaäui° yabuniramì° yamaäasòdachi Yamatàikoku Yamanotese˙°
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 371

yamanòha° yamisòoba yàrai° overnight yarìmizu° Yuiäàhama


yamanòbori yamitsÎki° yarakàsu° yarimòchì yuiäami°
yamaba° yamitsıku yarazunoàme yariyoo° yuiäo˙°
yamahada° yamitòrìhÏki yarazubuttakuri° yaru°: yaranai°, yuiäo˙joo°
yamahata°, -da° yamìne° yarase° yaròo, yarimà- yùisho
yamabàto° yaminoo˙nà yaraseru° su, yatte°, yarè- yuishì˙ro˙
yamabatoiro° yamibùsshi yari° ba, yarè yuiitate°, iitate°
yamahida° yamihookèru yariàu yarukata° yuitsÎkèru
yamabìraki yamìya yarìika° yaruki° yuinoo°
yamàbuki yàmiyàmi yariäai° yaruse° yuibishùäi
yamabukiiro° yamìyo yarikaeshi° yarusenài yuibutsush˜kà˙
yamàbushi yamirùuto yarikàesu yàre yuibutsube˙shòo-
yamabe° yamiwàzurai° yarikàèru yàreyare hoo°
Yàmabe yamu° to stop, yarikake° yaròo° yuibutsùro˙
yamahe˙° to die away: yarikata° yarookàbuki yuiwata°, iiwata°
yamahòoshi yamanai°, ya- yariäàtake yàwa yuu°: iwanai°,
yamàboko° mimàsu, yamè- yarikirènai Yawata° iòo, iimàsu,
yamàhodo ba, yamè yarìkÎchi° yawatanoyabu- itte°, ièba, iè
yamahototòäisu yàmu to su‡er, yarìkuri° shìrazu yùu° evening
yamamayu° to worry yarikurisà˙da˙ yawahada° yùu courage,
yamàmizu yamuoèzu yarikùru yawara° leader
yamàmichi yamuoènai yarikonàsu yawaràka yuu° to tie, to
yamamuraryuu° yamùcha° yarikomèru yawarakài do, to dress
yamame°, -be° yamùnàku yarisaki° yawarakami° yuuai°
yamamèäuri yame° yarisabi° yawarakamono° yuuàkari
yamamochì° yameru°: yame- yarisuäi° yawaràäu yuuaku°
Yamamoto° nai°, yameyòo, yarisuäìru Yà˙kii yùui
yamamori° full yamete°, yame- yarisuäòsu Yà˙kiisu yuuìäi
measure rèba, yamerò yarisokonai° yà˙äu yuuìsa
yamàmori yamoo° yarisokonàu ya˙äotonàshÏ yuui˙°
mountain yamòoshoo° yaridàsu yà˙cha° yuuutsu°
guardian yàmotatemo yaridama° ya˙ma° yuutsùshÏtsu
yamayaki° yamome° yaritsÎkèru yà˙ya yuuùtsıshoo
yamayama° yamomeäùrashi yarippanashi° ya˙wàri yuuee°, -ei°
yamàmori yàmori yarite° yù yuueeki˙shi°, -ei-
yamayaki° yamò˙ yaritebàba, yuakà yuueki°
yamàyuri yamo˙hà˙ -babàa yuàäari yuuesubìi
yamawakè° yàya yarìdo° yuaäaritàoru yuuetsu°
yamà˙ba yayakkoshìi yaritòosu yuaäè yuuètsıka˙
yamì yàyamosuruto yaritoäèru yuaäetàoru yuue˙°
yamiaäari° yàyamosureba yarìtori yuàtari yuuè˙chi
yamììchi yàyu yarinaoshi° yuatsu° yuuoomaishi˙°
yamiuchi° Yayoi° yarinaòsu yuamì yùuäa
yamiuri° yayoishÏkidòki yarinaäe° yui° yuukai°
yamikì˙yuu Yayoijìdai yarinùku yuiaäèru yuuäai°
yamikumo° yarai° bamboo yariba° yùiitsu yuuäaikàsha
yamijìru° fence yaribùsuma yùiäadokÎso˙ yuukàizai°
372 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

yuukàite˙ yuuäùmo° yuushuu° yùusee°, -ei° post- yuudoojì˙mo˙


yuukàinetsu yuuäùmori° yuujuu° al service yuutòosee, -ei
yuuäao° yuuäure° yuujuufùda˙° yuuzee°, -ei° yuudootai°
yuuäaòdana yuuäureäata° yuushÎtsu° yuusèeo˙, -èi- yuudòoda˙°
yuukaku° yùuku˙ yùujo yuusèeäaku, -èi- yuutoku°, ùtoku
yuuäaku° yuuäu˙° yuushoo° Yuusèeshoo, -èi- yuudoku°
yuukàäe° yuuäe° yuujoo° Yuuseedàiji˙, -ei- yuudokÎshokù-
yuukashòoke˙ yuukee°, -ei° yuushòoki yuuseehoäòhoo, butsu
yuuäàsumi yuuäee°, -ei° yuushòoko -ei- yuutòpia
yuukaze° yuuäeki° yuushòosha yuusetsu° yuunaäi°
yuuäata° yuuäèk˜shu yuushòose˙° yuuse˙° mail yuunami°
yuuäatoo° yuuäekÏse˙° yuushòohai boat, priority yuunari°
yuukàbutsu yuuäekÏtai° yuushooreppai° yùuse˙° wired, yùuni
yuukara° yuuäèshÏki yuushoku° sup- cabled yuunoo°
yuukari° yuuäèshoo per, dinner, a yùuze˙ yuubae°
yuuka˙° yuukèmuri, -ä- worried look yuusè˙kabu yuuhatsu°
yuuka˙kàikyuu yuuke˙° yùushoku hav- yuusè˙ke˙ yuupàkku
yuuka˙fùji˙ yuuäe˙° ing occupation yuuse˙jù˙i Yuubari°
yuuka˙màdamu yuuäe˙äàisha yuushokujì˙shu yuuze˙zome° yuubare°
Yuuki° yuukè˙sha yuushokuyàsai yuuze˙chìrime˙ yuuha˙°
yùuki yuukoo° yuujoäùrui yuuse˙teki° yuuhi° setting
yùuäi yuuäoo° yuujoya° yuuse˙hòosoo sun
yuukÏkàäaku yuukook˜ka˙ yuujirìppoo yuuze˙mòyoo yùuhi launch-
yuukÏkaäòobutsu yuukòokoku yuushi˙° yuusoo° ing out
yuukÏsàibai yuukoosèebu˙, -èi- yuuji˙° yuusòoryoo yùubi
yuuk˜shitsu yuukoku° yuuji˙ròkètto yùusoku yuubie°
yuuäijoo° Yuugosuràbia yuushì˙ro˙ yuusokÎkòjitsu yuuh˜kàäe
yuuk˜ yuugòha˙ yùusu yuuzòra yuuhÏtsu°
yuukÏsùiäi˙ yuuko˙° yuusui° yùuda yuubi˙°
yuukÏtai° yùuzaa yùuzui yuutàa˙ yuubì˙uke
yuukÏtsùmuäi yuuzai° yuusùichi yuutai° yuubi˙äàwase
yuukÏteki° yuusa˙kàikyuu yuusuu° yuudai° yuubi˙k˜tte
yuukinòohoo yùuzà˙su yuuzuu° yuutàike˙ yuubì˙kyoku
yuukÏhìryoo yùushi° yuuzuutèäata yuudachi° yuubi˙chòki˙
yuukìbutsu yùuji yuuzuune˙bù- yuudachiäùmo yuubi˙nè˙ki˙
yuukimòme˙ yuushiìze˙, yùu- tsıshuu yuuda˙° yuubi˙hàitatsu
yuukyuu° shi ìze˙ yuuzuumùäe yuudà˙sha yuubi˙hàäaki
yuukyuukyùuka yuushiìrai, yùu- yuuzuki° yùuchi° yuubì˙bako
yuukyuush˜sètsu shi ìrai yuuzùkìyo yùuchoo yuubi˙bà˙äoo
yuukyùuchi yuushio° yuusuzu° yuutìritii yuubì˙butsu
yuukyoo° yuushÏkaih˜koo yuusùzumi° yùute˙ yuubi˙pòsÎto
yuukyòozee, -ei yuushìäaku yuuzutsu° Yùute˙ji yuubi˙ya°
yuuäiri° yuushÏki° yuusÎhòsÎteru yùuto yuubì˙ryoo
yuuki˙° yuushÏkìsha yuusùru yuudoo° yùufu
yuuäi˙° yuushìäure yuusee°, -ei° supe- yuudooè˙boku yùubu
yùuäu yuushÏtèsse˙ riority, predo- yuutòoji Yùufoo, Yuue-
yuuäuu° yùusha minance, planet yuutòoshoo fuòo
7: ma, mi, my-, mu, me, mo; ya, yu, yo, (yi, ye); ra, ri, ry-, ru, re, ro; wa, (wi, wu, we, wo, wyu); ˙, (v-, vy-) 373

yùufÎku° yuumee°, -ei° yuuyaku° taking Yuuràshia yuuryoodòoro


yuubetsu° yuumèekai, -èi- heart; being in yuura˙° yuuryoku°
yuubè yuumèekoo, -èi- high spirits yuurà˙kyaku yuuryòkıshi
yuuhee°, -ei° yuumèeji˙, -èi- yùuyaku to glaze yuurà˙se˙ yuuryòkısha
yuuhe˙° yuumèezee, -èi- yuuyake° yuura˙bàsu yùuree, -ei
yùube˙° yuumeemùjitsu, yuuyakekoyake° yùuri profit- yuureeäàisha, -ei-
yuube˙ka° -ei- yuuyami° able, favorable yuureejì˙koo, -ei-
yùuho yuumeshi° yuuyàroo yùuri° isolation, yuureki°
yuuhoo° yuume˙° yuuyùu° separation yùuretsu°
yuuboo° yùumoa yuuyùuka˙ka˙° yuurìsuu Yùuro
yuuboku° yuumoashòosetsu yuuyùujiteki° yùuryo yuuwa°
yuubòkumi˙ yuumoo° yùuyo yuuryoo°
yuuhòjoo° yuumòoshi˙ yuuyoo° yuuryòokabu
yuuhòdoo yuumoya° yuuraku° yuuryòokabu
yuumàäure yùumorasu yuurakuzà yuuryòokoo
yuumi˙° yuumo˙° YuuràkÎchoose˙° yuuryòoji
Bibliography

Canepari, L. (1983) Phonetic Notation_La notazione fonetica˘ Venice: Cafoscarina.


#th 2 enclosed audiocassettes; almost canIPA.
— (2000/2009) Dizionario di pronuncia italiana. Bologna: Zanichelli. 60,000 forms
with transcription and pronunciation variants, which correspond at least to
180,000 actual words; pronunciations given: modern neutral, traditional neutral,
acceptable, tolerated, slovenly, intentional and lofty; canIPA÷ see the canipa web-
site, too.
— (2004”) Manuale di pronuncia italiana˘ Bologna: Zanichelli. #th 2 enclosed au-
diocassettes; it introduces modern neutral pronunciation, in addition to the tra-
ditional one, besides other types, including 22 regional koinés; canIPA÷ see the
canipa website, too.
— (2006) Avviamento alla fonetica. Turin: Einaudi; canIPA˘
— (2007) Natural Phonetics “ Tonetics. Articulatory, auditory, and functional˘ Mün-
chen: Lincom. <e first part gives a complete presentation of the canIPA method
and symbolization; while, the second part provides accurate phonosyntheses
of 241 living languages and 71 dead ones, on our website, the latter are 81,
freely downloadable.
— (2007) Pronunce straniere dell'italiano – ProSIt. München, Lincom. Precise de-
scriptions of the Italian foreign accents of 43 language groups, not only Euro-
pean, with intonation and more or less marked internal variants; canIPA˘
— (2007”) A Handbook of Pronunciation. English, Italian, French, German, Spanish,
Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Chinese, Japanese, Esperanto. München: Lin-
com; canIPA transcriptions, as in this book.
— (2017”) English Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. #th 318 di‡er-
ent accents: 121 native with variants, 63 bilingual, 30 foreign; canIPA˘
— (2017”) German Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neutral, mediat-
ic, traditional, international, regional and foreign accents, not only in Germa-
ny, Austria and Switzerland; canIPA˘
— (2017) French Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neutral, mediat-
ic, traditional, international, regional and foreign accents, not only in France,
Switzerland, Belgium and Canada; canIPA˘
— (2017) Portuguese Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neutral, mediat-
376 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

ic, traditional, international, regional and foreign accents, not only in Brazil and
Portugal; canIPA˘
— (2018) Italian Pronunciation “ Accents˘ München: Lincom. Updated and ex-
panded edition of Canepari 2004”; introduces actual modern neutral pronun-
ciation, currently used by professionals, at least for the latest forty years; in ad-
dition, the now outdated traditional pronunciation is also given, which most
dictionaries –surprisingly and anachronistically– still keep on presenting as the
only kind of acceptable pronunciation, sadly due to obvious evaluation inca-
pacity of what can clearly be seen and heard daily; besides, other types are ful-
ly described, including 22 regional koinés; canIPA÷ see the canipa website, too.
— (forth.) Italian Pronouncing Dictionary˘ München: Lincom. Updated and ex-
panded edition of Canepari 2000/2009; canIPA÷ see the canipa.net website, too.
— (forth.) Greek Pronunciation “ Accents˘ München: Lincom. International, ka-
tharevousa, neutral, mediatic accents, with five regional accents: North, South-
west, Mid-south, South-east, Cyprus; and three diachronic stages and two aca-
demic usages; canIPA÷ see the canipa.net website, too.
— “ Balzi, F. (2016) Turkish Pronunciation “ Accents˘ München: Lincom. Neu-
tral, mediatic, regional “ foreign accents; canIPA˘
— “ Cerini, M. (2016) Arabic Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neutral,
mediatic, international; canIPA˘
— “ — (2016”) Dutch “ Afrikaans Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neu-
tral, mediatic, traditional, international, and regional accents, not only in the Neth-
erlands, ‰anders, and South Africa; canIPA˘
— “ — (2017”) Chinese Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neutral and me-
diatic Mandarin, Pekingese, Taiwanese, and ten regional accents; canIPA˘
— “ Mevorah, M. (forth.) Hebrew Pronunciation “ Accents˘ München: Lincom.
Neutral, mediatic, and bilingual accents, and some diachronic stages; canIPA˘
— “ Miotti, R. (2018) Spanish Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neu-
tral, mediatic, traditional, international, and regional accents, not only in Spain
and Latin America; canIPA˘
— “ Miscio, F. (2017”) Japanese Pronunciation “ Accents˘ München: Lincom. Neu-
tral, mediatic, regional “ foreign accents; canIPA˘
— “ Sharma, G. (2017”) Hindi Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neu-
tral, mediatic, international, and national/regional accents÷ canIPA˘
— “ Vitali, D. (2018) Russian Pronunciation “ Accents. München: Lincom. Neu-
tral, mediatic, traditional, international, and some regional accents; canIPA˘
Catford, J.C. (1988) A Practical Introduction to Phonetics˘ Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Guided drills to develop phonetic kinesthesia, to be performed accurately, step by
step; however, the 2001 edition should be avoided because of too many technical
problems during its unsuccesful updating; practically no intonation; IPA.
Chapman, W.H. “ alii (1988’) Introduction to Practical Phonetics˘ Horsleys Green:
Summer Institute of Linguistics; substantially IPA.
Duden AuÚprachewörterbuch (2015], 1962») Berlin: Dudenverlag. <e ‘duden 6'; also
Bibliography 377

gives person, family, and place names belonging to various languages, with their orig-
inal pronunciation, but unfortunately, with intralinguistic rather than interlinguis-
tic transcriptions, and sometimes in an outdated style; IPA˚ with /a, a:/, but /r/, how-
ever, now, at last, it accepts ‘/r/-‘vocalization' also after short vowels, although it con-
tinues using only /r/; nothing on intonation, and a short section on reduced forms.
However, its first edition was ¬©'s best ‘friend' during school time, bringing
there interesting books on languages and phonetics, rather than the boring ex-
pected ones, not to waste precious time. Among the preferred books there were
various Linguaphone courses –set up by renowned phoneticians and also record-
ed by selected radio speakers– which had a whole disc out of sixteen devoted to
the phonetics of the language taught, with full IPA transcriptions of the various
examples, accurately chosen to show the phonic structure; later on, we used those
same lists, adequately completed, also for our studies on the di‡erent accents, in-
cluding the social, regional, and foreign ones. Unfortunately, after the sixties, those
courses became like all others, practically with no attention to phonetics.
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association (1999)˘ Cambridge: C. Univ.
Press. Although it should be a reliable and advisable guide for transcribing and
describing the pronunciation of languages, it honestly cannot be considered
such; IPA˘
Fujito, Y. “ Nakano, E. “ Seton, C. (1979) Japanese Pronunciation Guide˘ Tokyo:
Bonjinsha. #th audiocassettes; transliteration, no transcription.
Jones, D. (1956) Cardinal Vowels˘ London: Linguaphone Institute. 2 (78 rpm) records
with booklet; now partially downloadable; IPA.
— (1967’) †e Phoneme: its Nature and Use˘ Cambridge: He‡er. Still better than so
many more or less recent, absurd and useless, books and articles; IPA.
Jorden, E.H. (1963) Beginning Japanese˘ New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. #th useful
tapes or audiocassettes; transliteration, no transcription.
Kawahara, S. (2015) ‘<e phonology of Japanese accent'; pp. 445-492, in H. Kubozono
Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology˘ Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. <e
book is an English report of well-known and some outdated things, mostly about
acoustic phonetics and phonology, with extremely generic and unfit IPA symbols
Kindaichi, H. “ Akinaga, K. (2014) Shin-Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten {New “
Clear Japanese Accent Dictionary} Tokyo: Sanseido. Non-IPA\ tonetic and dia-
critic katakana, with variants, including a booklet with ‘listen “ repeat' mp3 files
in two enclosed ©∂'s.
Labrune, L. (2012) <e Phonology of Japanese˘ Oxford: oup. #th unfriendly translit-
erations and transcriptions.
Martin, S.E. (1990) Martin's Pocket Japanese Dictionary˘ Rutland: Tuttle. Translit-
eration, no transcription; indicates tonemic variants and /i, u/ devoicing.
Miotti R. “ Canepari, L. (forth.) Spanish Pronouncing Dictionary / Diccionario de
pronunciación española. Munchen: Lincom; canIPA˘
New Japanese-English Dictionary (1974[) Tokyo: Kenkyusha. Also transliteration in
Latin alphabetical order, with accent indication, but few variants (with some mis-
378 Japanese Pronouncing Dictionary

takes). Very sadly and recklessly, its fifth edition, 2003, has no transliteration any
longer, nor accent indications, although updated and enlarged; in a word, it has now
become a dictionary like any others, even if lexically richer.
NHK Nihongo Hatsuon Akusento Jiten {Dictionary of Japanese Pronunciation “ Accent}
(2007) Tokyo: Nihon Hôsô Shuppan Kyôkai. Non-IPA\ tonetic katakana, including
some innovative variants.
Nihongo Kœsu (1967) London: Linguaphone Institute. #th a whole record out of
16 for the pronunciation of Japanese, but only transliteration, no phonic sym-
bol and no accent indication.
Shibatani, M. (1990) <e Languages of Japan˘ Cambridge: cup. Transliteration
with some improper IPA.
Shirato, I. (1962) Japanese˘ New York: Crown Publishers. Transliteration, no
transcription; indicates accent˚ but no variants, with recordings.
Smalley, W.A. (1964”) Manual of Articulatory Phonetics˘ Terrytown (~¥): Practical An-
thropology. #th 33 non-enclosed (18 cm, 19 cm/s) reels, lasting 32 hours; non-IPA.
Tsujimura, N. (1996) An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics˘ Oxford: Blackwell.
Transliteration and mixed IPA˘
Tuttle Compact Japanese Dictionary (2011) Tokyo: Tuttle. Revised “ updated edition
of Martin's Dictionary÷ still transliteration, no transcription, but Japanese writing
added; indicates tonemic variants and /i, u/ devoicing, but with some updating
problems and oversights especially about devoicing and accent, mostly for newly
added compounds.
Vance, T.J. (2008) †e Sounds of Japanese˘ Cambridge: ©¨π. Semi-IPA transcriptions,
with an included ©∂, which can be the useful part for those who do not have oth-
er more specific recordings, but far from flawless, and with an alphabetical pres-
entation, instead of a numerical one˘
Yotsukura, S. (1967) ‘<e Japanese tone and intonation systems', in Linguistics˚ 66-105.
Seminal and orientative.
¤~†™®~冤ø~å¬ π∆ø~™†¤© å¬π∆å∫™†
(o‚cial: 1993, corrected in 1996, and updated in 2005)
©ø~ßø~å~† (𨬵ø~¤©) (˝)
Bilabial Labiodent. Dental Alveolar Postalveol. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyng. Glottal
Plosive p b t d ˛ Ã © ˝ k g › G ö
Nasal m M n N N ˙ ,
Trill ∫ r K
Tap or ∫ap © R #
Fricative F B f v † ∑ s z " Z ß Ω Â ˝ x ‚ X º h ˚ h H
Lateral fric. ! ú
Approxim. V < > j µ
Lateral app. l $ L ì
‹ere symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right is voiced. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

©ø~ßø~å~†ß (~ø~-𨬵ø~¤©)
ø$™® ߥµ∫ø¬ß ¿ Voiceless alveolo-palatal fric.
Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives ' Voiceless labial-velar fric. B Voiced alveolo-palatal fric.
Ö Bilabial ñ Bilabial « as in: w Voiced labial-velar app. ï Voiced alveolar lateral flap
| Dental à Dental/alveol. p« Bilabial ¥ Voiced labial-palatal app. À Simultaneous " and x
! (Post)alveolar á Palatal t« Dental/alveol. … Voiceless epiglottal fric.
Ï A‡ricates and double articulat.
õ Palatoalveolar Ÿ Velar k« Velar H Voiced epiglottal fric. can be represented by two sym-
~ Alveol. lateral ä Uvular s« Alveol. fricat. ¿ Epiglottal plosive ˜ bols joined by a tie bar if necess.

√ø∑™¬ß †ø~™ß “ ∑ø®∂ å©©™~†ß


Front Central Back ¬™√™¬ ©ø~†ø¨®
Close i y … % M u »1
Ò or >1 Extra-high £ or Rising
I Y U ´ ≥1 High 8 «1 Falling
Close-mid e ° Ù + ‰ o 0 ˇ1 Mid 3 21 High rising
È ` ≤1 Low ’ "1 Low rising
Open-mid E § ‘ ê √ O Ô <1 Extra-low 9 4[1 Rising-falling
π å
Open a π A Ø ± Downstep (relative) ± Global rise
‹ere symbols appear in pairs, the one
≠ Upstep (relative) ≠ Global fall
to the right (and U) is rounded.

∂¤å©®¤†¤©ß (Diacritics can be placed above a symbol with a descender, ™ ô) ߨπ®åß™Ÿµ™~†å¬ß


= Voiceless ∂ ¨ ) Breathy voiced b " Y Dental U P ' Primary stress
î Voiced ÿ ‹ § Creaky voiced ë Ä Î Apical Û ∏ & Secondary stress:
5 Aspirated t5 d5 y Linguolabial u p ¥ Laminal ¨ π &foUnÈ'tISÈn
g More rounded Æ o „ Labialized t„ d„ ° Nasalized e Ú : Long a:
G Less rounded æ O J Palatalized tJ dJ ô Nasal release dô ; Half-long a;
Ω Advanced % — tˆ dˆ z Extra-short q
ˆ Velarized ó Lateral release dó
! Retracted m ù / Pharyngealized t/ d/ æ No audibile rel. dæ . Syllable break:
ë ö <i.πkt
7 Centralized ° Velarized or pharyngealized ı t
Z Mid-centralized ¬ • F Raised l (∑ = voiced labial-velar fricative) Ó Minor (foot) group
c Syllabic ó ≥ f Lowered L (≈ = voiceless velar approximant) Ó Major (intonation) gr.
W Non-syllabic k ¶ ƒ Advanced Tongue Root ¯ ¤
È& A& ‡ Retracted Tongue Root µ Ù
Ñ Linking (absence of a
& Rhotacized break)
ê

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