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GENERAL GUIDE

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CHICAGO, U.S.A)
 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
—OTHER PUBLICATIONS—
In addition to this General Guide to the collections, there is a
Handbook of the Museum containing a comprehensive survey of
the activities of the institution, with data on its history, organization,
expeditions, endowments, etc. This is available at 25 cents. The
Museum has issued also a series of special handbooks covering in
detail certain sections of the exhibits. The special handbooks are
—
more than mere direction books they include much interesting,
instructive, and entertaining material on the subjects with which
they deal. A price list of these appears *on page 57.

The Museum also publishes four series of Leaflets on scientific

subjects, written in popular style. Thirty-five such leaflets have
been published in the Anthropological Series; twenty-five in the
Botanical Series; fourteen in the Geological Series; and fifteen on
zoological subjects.

A Design Series is available, which is of -particular value to those

interested in design work, arts, and handicrafts.

A list of the Leaflets and the Design Series, with prices, begins
on page 52 of this Guide.

Scientific Publications of the Museum, of a more technical

nature and intended primarily for distribution among other museums,
libraries, and institutions of learning, are also obtainable by indi-
viduals. Lists and prices may be had on application.
MUSEUM

Chicago

History!

Narural
Drive,

HISTORY

of
Field

Museum

and

NATURAL

Field Road

(Formerly
Roosevelt

CHICAGO
Chicago Natural History Museum
[FORMERLY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY]

Founded by Marshall Field, 1893

GENERAL GUIDE
TWENTY-FIFTH EDITION

CHICAGO, U.S.A.

1945

1IS441
 OFFICERS
Stanley Field, President
Albert A. Sprague, First Vice-President
Silas H. Strawn, Second Vice-President
Albert B. Dick, Jr., Third Vice-President
*Clifford C. Gregg, Director and Secretary
Orr Goodson, Acting Director and Acting Secretary
Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary

BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Lester Armour Stanley Field
Sewell Avery
L. Samuel Insull, Jr.
W. McCormick Blair Charles A. McCulloch
Leopold E. Block William H. Mitchell
Boardman Conover George A. Richardson
Walter J. Cummings Solomon A. Smith
Albert B. Dick, Jr. Albert A. Sprague
Howard W. Fenton Silas H. Strawn
Joseph N. Field Albert H. Wetten
Marshall Field John P. Wilson

* In the Nation’s Service

 LIST OF STAFF

DIRECTOR
*Clifford C. Gregg

ACTING DIRECTOR
Orr Goodson

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator
Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator, African Ethnology
Richard A. Martin, Curator, Near Eastern Archaeology
*C. Martin Wilbur, Curator, Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology
*Alexander Spoehr, Curator, North American Ethnology
and Archaeology
Donald Collier, Curator, South American Ethnology and Archaeology
George I. Quimby, Jr., Curator of Exhibits
T. George Allen, Research Associate, Egyptian Archaeology
A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate, American Archaeology
J. Eric Thompson, Research Associate,
Central American Archaeology
*JoHN Rinaldo, Associate, Southwestern Archaeology
Fay-Cooper Cole, Research Associate, Malaysian Ethnology
Robert Yule, Assistant, Archaeology
Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist
Gustav Dalstrom, Artist
John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B. E. Dahlgren, Chief Curator
Paul C. Standley, Curator, Herbarium
J. Francis Macbride, Associate Curator, Herbarium
*Julian a. Steyermark, Assistant Curator, Herbarium
Francis Drouet, Curator, Cryptogamic Botany
*Llewelyn Williams, Curator, Economic Botany
Samuel J. Record, Research Associate, Wood Technology
E. E. Sherff, Research Associate, Systematic Botany
Emil Sella, Chief Preparator, Exhibits
Milton Copulos, Artist-Preparator
* On leave in the Nation’s Service.
 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
Paul O. McGrew, Acting Chief Curator
*Bryan Patterson, Curator, Paleontology
* James H. Quinn, Chief Preparator, Paleontology

Albert A. Dahlberg, Research Associate, Paleontology

*Sharat K. Roy, Curator, Geology
*Bryant Mather, Assistant Curator, Mineralogy
Harry Changnon, Assistant, Geology
John Conrad Hansen, Artist

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator
Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator Emeritus
*CoLiN Campbell Sanborn, Curator, Mammals
*Rudyerd Boulton, Curator, Birds
*Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator, Birds
Boardman Conover, Research Associate, Birds
Louis B. Bishop, Research Associate, Birds
Ellen T. Smith, Associate, Birds
Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Associate, Birds
R. Magoon Barnes, Curator, Birds’ Eggs
Clifford H. Pope, Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles
Loren P. Woods, Assistant Curator, Fishes
Marion Grey, Associate, Fishes
William J. Gerhard, Curator, Insects
Rupert L. Wenzel, Assistant Curator, Insects
Henry S. Dybas, Assistant, Insects
Alfred E. Emerson, Research Associate, Insects
Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, Insects
Alex K. Wyatt, Research Associate, Insects
Fritz Haas, Curator, Lower Invertebrates
D. Dwight Davis, Curator, Anatomy and Osteology

TAXIDERMISTS
Julius Friesser C. J. Albrecht
L. L. Pray Leon L. Walters
W. E. Eigsti John W. Moyer
Frank C. Wonder, Assistant Taxidermist
Joe B. Krstolich, Artist-Preparator

ASSOCIATE EDITOR OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

Lillian A. Ross
* On leave in the Nation’s Service.
DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION

John R. Millar, Curator

THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION

FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES
Miriam Wood, Chief
*Marie B. Pabst *Elizabeth Best
Velma Whipple Loraine Lloyd
Roberta Cramer Emma Neve
THE LIBRARY
Emily M. Wilcoxson, Librarian
Mary W. Baker, Associate Librarian
Eunice Gemmill, Assistant Librarian

ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS

Benjamin Bridge, Auditor Henry F. Ditzel, Registrar
Noble Stephens, Assistant Auditor
Marion G. Gordon, Assistant Registrar
A. L. Stebbins, Bookkeeper Elsie H. Thomas, Recorder
Robert E. Bruce, Purchasing Agent

PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS

H. B, Harte Pearle Bilinske, in charge
Paul G. Dallwig, the Layman Lecturer

DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION

C. H. Carpenter, Photographer John Janecek, Illustrator
Herman Abendroth, Assistant Photographer

STAFF ARTIST DIVISION OF PRINTING

Arthur G. Rueckert Raymond H. Hallstein, in charge

GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT CHIEF ENGINEER

W. H. Corning William E. Lake
James R. Shouba, Assistant Superintendent

CAPTAIN OF THE GUARD

E. S. Abbey
* On leave in the Nation’s Service.
6 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

SUBJECT INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Floor Plans Shown on Pages 9, 10, and 11

SUBJECT HALL PAGE

Africa— Ethnology D, E 23, 24
Africa— Mammals 22 41
Ainu — Ethnology L 26
Alkalies 36 33
America — Large Mammal Groups 16 39
Amphibians 18 39
Andaman Islands— Ethnology L 26
Archaeology of New World B 21
Asiatic Mammals 17 39
Australia—Ethnology A1 20
Babylonia— Archaeology K 26
Birds — Habitat Groups 20 40
Systematic Collection 21 41
Burma— Ethnology L 26
Central America— Archaeology and Ethnology 8 17
Ceylon — Ethnology L 26
China— Archaeology 24 19
Ethnology 32 19
Jade 30 19
Clays 36 33
Coal 36 33
Crystals 34 31
Diamonds 36,31 33,44
Domestic Animals, Sculptures of 12 38
—
Egypt Archaeology J 25
Textiles J 25
Eskimo — Ethnology 10 18
Etruria— Archaeology 2 15
Europe— Archaeology 2, C 15, 21
Fibers 28 30
Fishes O 44
Flowers, Reproductions of 29 30
Food Products 25 27
Fossils 37, 38 34
Gems and Jewels 31 44
Historical Geology. 38 34
India—Ethnology L 26
Indian Tribes — California 6 17
Great Plains 5 16
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 7

SUBJECT HALL PAGE

Indian Tribes (continued)
Mexico and Central America 8 17
Nomadic, of Arizona and New Mexico 6 17
Northwest Coast and Salish 10 18
Plateau and Woodland 4 16
Sedentary, of Arizona and New Mexico 7 17
South America 9 18
Southwestern United States 7 17
Invertebrates, Lower M 42
Fossil 37 34
Jewelry 31 44
—
Kish Archaeology K 26
—
Korea Ethnology L 26
—
Madagascar Ethnology E 24
—
Malaysia Ethnology G 24
Mammals— African 22 41
American, Habitat Groups 16 39
Asiatic, Habitat Groups, 17 39
—
Domestic British (sculptures) 12 38
Fossil 38 34
Horned and Hoofed 13 38
Marine N, N-1 42, 44
Systematic Collection 15 38
Whales N-1 44
Maps — Relief 35 32
Marine Invertebrates — Fossil 37 34
Recent M 42
Mayas —Archaeology 8 17
Melanesia— Ethnology A 20
Meteorites 34 31
Mexico —Archaeology and Ethnology 8 17
Micronesia— Ethnology F 24
Minerals — Systematic Collection 34 31
New Guinea — Ethnology A 20
New World Archaeology B 21
New Zealand — Ethnology F 24
Nicobar Islands— Ethnology L 26
North America — Archaeology 7, B 17, 21
Ores of Precious and Base Metals 37 34
Oriental Theatrical Masks and Costumes 32 19
Pagoda Models from China South Gallery 19
Paleontology 38 34
Palms 25 27
8 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
SUBJECT HALL PAGE
—
Peru Archaeology 9 18
Petroleum 36 33
Philippine Islands —Ethnology H 25
Physical Anthropology 3 16
Physical Geology 35 32
Plant Products 25,28 27,30
Plants 29 30
Polynesia —Ethnology F 24
Races of Mankind (sculptures) 3 16
Reptiles 18 39
Rocks — Systematic Collection 35 32
Rome —Archaeology 2 15
Sands 36 33
Siam— Ethnology L 26
Siberia — Ethnology L 26
Skeletons— Fossil 38 34
Recent 19 40
South America—Archaeology and Ethnology 9, B 18, 21
South Pacific— Ethnology A 20
Stone Age C 21
Tibet— Ethnology 32 19
—
Trees North American 26 28
—
Woods Foreign 27 28
North American 26 28

General exhibits and important recent additions are to be found

in Stanley Field Hall 14

Preface 13
The N. W. Harris Public School Extension 45
The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for
Public School and Children’s Lectures 46
The Library 46
General Museum Information 47
 — ! :

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 9

PLAN OF FIRST OR MAIN FLOOR

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Key to Floor Plan

HALL
NUMBER
Selected exhibits from each Department Stanley Field Hall —
2 Archaeology of Etruria and Rome Edward E. and B. — Emma
Ayer Hall and alcoves
3 —
Races of Mankind Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall
4 Ethnology of Indian Tribes of the Woodland and Southeastern
—
Areas James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Hall
5 Ethnology of the Indian Tribes of the Great Plains Mary D. —
Sturges Hall
6 Ethnology of the Indian Tribes of California and Nomadic
Tribes of Arizona and New Mexico
7 Archaeology and Ethnology of Southwestern United States
8 Archaeology and Ethnology of Mexico and Central America
9 ^Archaeology and Ethnology of South America
10 —
Ethnology of Eskimo and Indian Tribes of the Northwest Coast
of America
12 Champion Domestic Animals of Great Britain
Sculptures of
13 —
Horned and Hoofed Mammals George M. Pullman Hall
1 5 —Systematic
Mammals
16 American Mammals — Habitat Groups — Richard T. Crane, Jr.,
Hall
17 Asiatic Mammals— Habitat Groups — William V. Kelley Hall
18 Reptiles and Amphibians, and Insects — Albert W. Harris Hall
19 Vertebrate Anatomy— Skeletons
20 Birds— Habitat Groups
21 Birds— Systematic
22 African Mammals— Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall
 —

10 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR

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Key to Floor Plan

HALL
NUMBER
24 Archaeologyjof China— George T. and Frances Gaylord Smith
Hall
25 Food Plants Palms —
—
26 North American Woods Charles F. Millspaugh Hall
27 Foreign Woods
28 Plant Raw Materials and Products
—
29 Plant Life Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall
30 Chinese Jade
31 —
Gems and Jewels H. N. Higinbotham Hall
32 Ethnology of China and Tibet; Chinese and Tibetan Theatrical
Masks and Costumes
34 Systematic Minerals, Crystals, and Meteorites
35 Relief Maps, Systematic Rocks, and Physical Geology — Clarence
Buckingham Hall
36 Petroleum, Coal, Clays, Sands, and Alkalies
37 —
Ores; Fossil Invertebrates and Plants Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall
38 Historical Geology— Ernest R. Graham Hall
 1

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 11

PLAN OF GROUND FLOOR

..PHILIPPINE ETHNOLOGY. .

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Key to Floor Plan

HALL
NUMBER
—
A Melanesia, South Pacific —Joseph N. Field Hall
A1 —Ethnology Australia of
B — Archaeology the New World of
C — Stone Age the Old World of
D — Ethnology West and Central Africa
of
E — Ethnology of North, East, and South Africa, and Madagascar
F— Ethnology of Polynesia and Micronesia
G— Ethnology Malaysia of
H—Ethnology of Philippine Islands
J— Archaeology Egypt of
K—Archaeology Babylonia of
L— Ethnology Korea, India, Burma, Siam, Ceylon,
of Siberia,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the Ainu
M —Lower Invertebrates
N— Marine Mammal Habitat Groups
N-1 —Whales preparation)(in
O — Fishes
The James Simpson Theatre, the Lecture Hall, the Cafeteria and
lunch rooms, and the lavatories are located on this floor.
HALL

FIELD

STANLEY
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 13

BRIEF GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS

Preface

The Chicago Natural History Museum (formerly Field Museum

of Natural History) was established in 1893. The founding of an
institution of this importance and character was made possible
by the late Marshall Field, who, in addition to his original gift
of $1,000,000, made other gifts of approximately $430,000 during
his life, and bequeathed on his death in January, 1906, a further sum
of $8,000,000, of which $4,000,000 was allotted toward the erection
of the present building, located in Grant Park, and $4,000,000 toward
endowment.
The Museum is incorporated under state law, and its active
control rests in the Board of Trustees, with President, Secretary
and Treasurer. The executive of the Museum is the Director, under
whom there are four Chief Curators of Departments, and many
divisional Curators, Associate Curators, Assistant Curators, Re-
search Associates, preparators, taxidermists, artists, librarians, di-
vision chiefs, etc., and their assistants.
The Museum building is 706 feet long, 438 feet wide, 104 feet
high, and, with the terrace and grounds surrounding it, occupies an
area of about eleven acres. The central hall, Stanley Field Hall,
is 299 feet long, 68 feet wide, and 75 feet high. The rest of the building
is divided into four floors. Of these, the main and second, and a
portion of the ground floor, are devoted to exhibition purposes, the
total exhibition space comprising approximately 550,000 square feet.
The remaining space serves as working quarters for the administra-
tive and scientific staffs and the maintenance force. The exterior,
which is of white Georgia marble, is treated in monumental manner
based on Greek architecture of the Ionic order. The principal fronts are
divided into a large pedimented central pavilion, with two long wings
terminated by a smaller pavilion at each end. A notable feature is
the terrace, which is sixty feet wide, and completely surrounds the
building at a height of six feet above the surrounding level.
In this structure, the architects, D. H. Burnham and Company,
and Graham, Anderson, Probst and White, have given to Chicago
and the nation a masterpiece of monumental building possessing
distinction and dignity appropriate to its purpose and origin.
The main hall, which is dedicated to Stanley Field, President of
the institution, contains four statues, designed by Henry Hering,
which symbolize the aims and purposes of the Museum. The figures
flanking the north archway represent Natural Science and the Dis-
semination of Knowledge, while those at the south archway typify
Research and Record.
Certain halls in the Museum are named in honor of some of
the persons who have made notable contributions or rendered valuable
service to the institution.
14 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

STANLEY FIELD HALL

Occupying the Nave of the Building
The exhibits in Stanley Field Hall, into which the main entrance
opens, are selected from each Department of the Museum. They
are intended to illustrate the activities of the Museum as a whole
and to serve as an introduction to the systematic collections assembled
in the exhibition halls. Some of the exhibits in this hall are changed
from time to time to show new acquisitions or the results of recent
expeditions. The exhibits shown at the date of publication of this
Guide, as listed below, are typical of the contents of the hall.
In the center of the hall are two African elephants mounted in
fighting attitude.
Toward the south end of the hall three bronze groups, the work
of the late Carl E. Akeley, illustrate lion spearing by native Africans.
A case near the center of the hall contains examples of the
strategic and critical materials needed for conduct of the war accom-
panied by a large map showing their principal sources of supply.
Case 1. Prehistoric American gold ornaments from Colombia,
South America.
Case 2. Ancient Roman bronze bathtub, from Boscoreale,
Italy.
Case 3. Prehistoric races of man, illustrated by restorations of
the Pithecanthropus erectus, the Neanderthal man of La Chapelle-
aux-Saints, and the Cro-Magnon man.
Case 4. Embroideries, chiefly women’s dresses, from western
India.
Case 5. Marine life. Various types of beautiful and charac-
teristic marine animals, such as sponges, precious corals, sea-urchins,
and shells.
Case 6. Rare lacquered wooden vessels made by the ancient
Indians of Peru in the Inca and early Colonial periods.
Case 7. Selected examples of Chinese art, represented by ancient
ceramics, bronze, the figure of a zebu in cast solid silver, four clay
figures of women engaged in a polo match, and a gilt bronze figurine
of a recumbent rhinoceros.
Case 8. Gold and silver jewelry, India.
Case 9. This case, together with two others in Hall 28,
Resins.
Department of Botany, contains one of the finest collections of resins
known.
Case 10. An iron meteorite, weighing 3,275 pounds. It is
remarkable for its large size and symmetrical form. It was found
in 1908 near Tonopah, Nevada.
Case 11. Pottery excavated from various Pueblo ruins in the
Southwestern United States. This is a representative collection
covering about eight hundred years, or from A.D. 700 to 1500. The
Museum’s collection of Southwestern pottery, of which this exhibit is
a small sample, is the subject of a beautifully illustrated monograph
and catalogue recently published by The Chicago Natural History
Museum Press.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 15

Case 12. Chinese ivory carvings of the 18th and 19th centuries,
together with Chinese snuff bottles carved from semi-precious stones,
coral, amber and ivory, or fashioned in lacquer, porcelain, and glass
cut in cameo style.
Case 13. Varieties of quartz. The remarkable range of color
and form of this mineral is illustrated.
Case 14. A group of epiphytic and parasitic plants growing
about a termite nest built at the tip of a branch from a tree in the trop-
ics. From Demerara River, British Guiana. The group was reproduced
from nature in the Plant Reproduction Laboratories of the Museum.
Case Passenger pigeons in a characteristic and natural
15.
setting. birds, once common, are now extinct.
These
Case 16. Indians in the Americas. Present numbers of Indians
and proportion of Indians to non-Indians in the different countries
of North and South America shown by pictorial method; aspects of
contemporary Indian life illustrated by specimens and photographs.
Case 17. Recent and ancient allied plants and animals. They
are shown in both modern and fossil forms. Types known as “im-
mortal,” “persistent,” “dwindled,” etc., are illustrated.
Case 18. A single crystal of beryl weighing a thousand pounds.
Case 19. Bower bird. Male and female of this peculiar bird
from New Guinea, with the characteristically decorated “bower” or
nuptial playground built by the male.
Case 20. Ancient Peruvian textiles.
Case 21. Wood and foliage of the three principal species of
mahogany.
Case 22. The history of the horse family, showing the evolution
of the horse from a four-toed to a one-toed animal.
Cases 23 and 24. In these cases in the south corners of the hall
are displayed, on life-size figures, feather masks from New Guinea.
Examples of exhibition cases used by the N. W. Harris Public
School Extension of the Museum are displayed at the south end of
the hall.
A bronze standard bearing the names of twenty-four persons,
each of whom has given $100,000 or more to the Museum, is placed
at the north end of the hall.
Publications of the Museum, and other books for both adults and
children, as well as photographs, post cards and ornamental objects
are on sale at The Book Shop near the north or main entrance.

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
—Halls 2-10
First Floor:
— Halls 24, 30, 31, and 32
Second Floor:
Ground Floor: — Halls A-H, J, K, and L
First Floor
Hall 2: Edward E. and Emma
B. Ayer Hall. Archaeology
of Etruria and Rome. —
The main section of this hall is occupied by
16 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

exhibits of Etruscan and Roman antiquities in stone, bronze, iron,

pottery, and glass. Three Etruscan painted sarcophagi from about
500 B.C., and a number of fresco paintings from Boscoreale, a village
north of Pompeii, of the first century A.D., are especially noteworthy.
Hall 3: Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall. Races of Man-
—
kind. The exhibits in this hall illustrate the principal types found
among the various races of mankind, emphasizing the essential
physical characteristics of each. The main racial types are repre-
sented in an extensive series of life-size full-length figures, busts, and
heads in bronze, and four stone busts and heads by Malvina Hoffman,
distinguished sculptor.
The center of the hall is occupied by a group of three bronze
statues, in heroic size, of a white, a yellow, and a black man, sym-
bolizing the unity of the races of mankind as a single, well-defined
species. The figures representing racial variations which occur
within the three basic divisions are arranged around this central
triad, those of peoples from each continent being grouped together.
Types of the peoples of Africa, Europe, Asia, America, and
Oceania are represented in bronze and stone. At the east end of the
hall are large colored transparencies further representing some of the
types of races shown by the sculptures; an analytic exhibit of skulls,
skeletons, models of brains, color charts of skin and eyes, and casts of
hands and feet; and other exhibits pertaining to physical anthropology.
Hall 4: James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Hall.
Indian Tribes of the Woodland and Southeastern Areas. In —
the southwest corner of this hall is representative material from pres-
ent-day tribes of the southeastern United States. The remainder of
the southwest quarter is devoted to collections from the Iroquois,
Ojibwa, and eastern Algonquian tribes. A collection of costumes
from the Cree, and an exhibit of rare Naskapi material from Labrador,
occupy the southeast quarter. The life of the Woodland tribes is
illustrated in the northern part of the hall and includes the culture
and religious practices of the Potawatomi, a central Algonquian
tribe which formerly inhabited the Chicago region and is connected
with its early history. In the center aisle are miniature groups
illustrating the summer and winter life of the Sauk and Fox.

Hall 5: Mary D. Sturges Hall. Indian Tribes of the Great

Plains. — The life of these tribes centered about the horse and the
buffalo. The exhibits begin with a life-size group showing a Crow
woman and horse with full trappings. The southern half of the hall
is devoted to clothing and adornments of the Cheyenne, Arapaho,
and Crow. Their principal religious observances are typified by
exhibits of the paraphernalia of the Arapaho men’s societies and by
a Sun Dance Altar. In the northern half of the hall is illustrated
the life of the Blackfoot, Assinaboin, Dakota, Osage, Ankara, Pawnee,
Wichita, Kiowa, Shoshoni, Bannock, and Kutenai. The exhibits of
Dakota bead and porcupine-quill work are especially noteworthy.
Ceremonial objects of the Pawnee are shown in the northeast quarter,
and the principal rites of the tribe are illustrated by miniature groups
representing the Thunder Ceremony, Morning Star Sacrifice, Medi-
cine-Men’s Ceremony, and Purification of the Sacred Bundles.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 17

Hall 6: Indian Tribes of California and Nomadic Tribes of

—
Arizona and New Mexico. In the west end of the hall are exhibits
devoted to the California tribes, which are adequately represented
by exhibits of ordinary and ceremonial costume, dance skirts and
aprons, ornaments, implements, weapons, baskets, and games. Life-
size figures of two Porno medicine-men, one conjuring seed, another
holding a ceremony over the deceased, stand near the west entrance
of the hall. Representative collections of Navajo and Pueblo blankets,
including some rare types, Navajo silver work, and a complete set of
masks used in the Navajo Night Chant Ceremony are on view in the
southeast section of the hall, as well as a balanced exhibit of material
from the Apache Indians of Arizona and New Mexico. On the
northeast side are displayed collections from a series of tribes: the
Pima and Papago of Arizona, the Ute of the Plateau area, the Nez
Perce of Idaho, and the Yakima, Wasco, and Thompson River
Indians of the interior of Washington and British Columbia.

Hall 7: Archaeology and Ethnology of Southwestern United

—
States ( Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico ). The west half
of this hall is devoted to the culture of the Hopi of Arizona. At the
west entrance is a life-size group showing the interior and exterior
of a Hopi house. On the southwest side are shown modern Hopi
pottery and textiles, a life-size figure ofa bride, and two full-size
reproductions of altars. On the northwest side are three more Hopi
altars, as well as baskets, boomerangs, a life-size figure of a boomerang
thrower, dolls (katcinas), and ceremonial masks. In the center of the
hall are two life-size figures of katcina dancers in costume. On the
northeast side are exhibited shields, textiles, painted buffalo robes,
and pottery of the modern Rio Grande tribes (New Mexico); and
reproductions of the pueblos of Acoma, Hano, Taos, and Walpi. On
the southeast side is shown archaeological material illustrating the
development of culture in the Southwest from earliest times (Basket
Maker, dated at a.d. 400) through several phases of Pueblo prehistory
down to historic times. There is also an exhibit which, by means of
developmental and date lines, shows the sequence and relationship of
the major types of prehistoric pottery. Materials illustrating the
daily life and religion of one of the ancient towns, were secured by
Museum expeditions and compose part of the exhibit. Here, together
with tools, ornaments, etc., are four realistic paintings which relate
the specimens to the modes of living these prehistoric Indians followed.
These paintings treat four principal subjects: food, clothing, housing,
and religion. There is also an exhibit illustrating the growth and
development of stone* and bone tools through eight centuries in the
Southwest. Particular attention is directed to the exhibits of rare
Basket Maker and Cliff Dweller material, to the pottery recovered
by Museum expeditions, and to the exhibit which explains the method
of dating ruins in the Southwest by means of tree rings. Included in
this hall is the Stanley McCormick Collection.

—
Hall 8: Mexico and Central America. In this hall are shown
collections from Mexico and Central America, both archaeological
and ethnological. The material is arranged, as far as possible, in
geographical order. The north side of the hall is occupied by exhibits
illustrating the archaeology of Mexico, including a model of the
18 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl. Especial attention is directed to the

very fine smaller stone work attributed to the Toltecs and Aztecs
(Case 4). The Toltecs were a highly civilized people, who preceded
the Aztecs and built up an empire rivaling the mighty empire of the
Incas. In the northeast corner of the hall is shown a Zapotec collec-
tion from Oaxaca, southwest Mexico. The Zapotec culture supplies
a link with the Maya civilization of Guatemala, British Honduras,
and adjacent areas. The Mayas achieved the highest level of culture
reached in the New World. Objects illustrating their civilization
are exhibited in Cases 12 to 17. The casts displayed in the center
of the hall were made from Maya monuments extant in Guatemala,
Yucatan, and Honduras. In the center of this hall also are models
of a large palace building of Mitla, Mexico, and of a pyramid at
Uaxactun, Guatemala.
Farther on are shown collections from the areas lying between
the ancient home of the Mayas and Panama. The southwest corner
of the hall is occupied by collections illustrating the everyday life of
the present Indian of the whole Middle American region. In many
cases these peoples are the lineal descendants of the tribes represented
in the archaeological section. Despite more than four centuries of
religious and political oppression, much of the old culture still remains,
notably in wearing apparel. Large photographs of famous Maya
monuments and buildings are shown on the pilasters.
—
Hall 9: South America. In this hall are represented the
Indians of South America of the past and present. Exhibits repre-
senting the various modern tribes of South American Indians occupy
the northwest section of the hall. Among the important collections
are those from the Chaco Indians; the Jivaro tribe in the forests
of eastern Ecuador, represented by four examples of artificially
shrunken human heads; and a large collection illustrating the culture
of the northwest Amazon, Orinoco Basin, and Guiana tribes. Among
the most interesting exhibits are those showing the preparation of
food from the poisonous mandioca tuber, and the sacred trumpets
used in initiation rites. The remainder of the north side of the hall
is devoted to South American archaeology, and illustrates the high
culture of the inhabitants of the west coast of South America in
pre-Columbian days. The archaeology of Colombia is very well
illustrated by fine collections of gold, pottery, and shell and stone
work. There are several cases of artistic pottery dating from pre-
Inca times, dug up in the Chimu district on the Peruvian coast.
The southeast section of the hall is also devoted to Peruvian culture,
both as it was developed in the highlands and on the coast. This
collection includes a number of so-called mummies, which in fact
are desiccated bodies, and reconstructions of the graves in which
they were found; also, beautiful pottery from the Nazca Valley
in southern Peru. The southwest section of the hall is given to a
representation of the little-known Diaguite culture which flourished
in northwestern Argentina shortly before the coming of the Incas,
and the adjacent cultures of pre-Hispanic Chile.
Hall 10: Eskimo and Tribes of the Northwest Coast of
America. —Eskimo culture is illustrated in its wide geographical
range, which extends along the shores of America from Labrador to
 —

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 19

northeastern Siberia. The dependence of the Eskimo on hunting

and fishing is made by means of four life-size groups, located
clear
in the center aisle, showing an Eskimo hunter in his kayak, the chase
and capture of seal, preparation of skins, and winter fishing through
a hole in the ice. On the southeast side of the hall are located the
Eskimo collections. The remainder of the hall illustrates the life,
religion, art, and industries of the tribes of the Northwest Coast and
related interior groups. A
single case (No. 35), illustrating the life of
the northern Athapascans of the Yukon Valley, deserves special men-
tion, because of the excellence of the garments, and the decoration in
porcupine-quill work. The interior Salish tribes are represented in
the southwest corner of this hall by ceremonial objects and a life-
size group showing their home life and industries. In the bays
separating Hall 10 from the transverse halls, and against the south
and northwest walls of the hall proper, are erected totem poles and
grave posts from the Northwest Coast tribes.

Second Floor
Hall 24: George T. and Frances Gaylord Smith Hall, East
—
Gallery. Archaeology of China. The object of this hall is to
illustrate the development of Chinese civilization in all its varied
phases from its beginnings in the Old Stone Age (about 500,000 years
ago) through the Neolithic period (about 3000 b.c.) down to the
latter part of the eighteenth century. There are two main divi-
sions: the ancient, original culture of China prior to the intrusion
of Buddhism, shown in the south half of the hall, and the culture
of Buddhistic China, as influenced and modified by religious and
artistic currents coming from India from the third century a.d.
onward, in the northeast section of the hall. In each division the
principle of arrangement is chronological. The collection is particu-
larly strong in Han pottery, cast iron, mortuary clay figures, Sung
pottery and porcelain, and Buddhistic and Taoist sculpture, much
of it provincial. Two large bronze drums, a cast-iron bell, a temple
censer, and two monumental stone lions are shown on bases in the
open. A lacquered imperial screen with elaborately carved dragons
is exhibited at the north end of the hall.

South Gallery: Models of pagodas from all parts of China,

and selected Chinese paintings and tapestries, are exhibited in this
gallery.
North Gallery: A fine, carved lacquer screen of twelve panels,
from China, eighteenth century, occupies this gallery.
—
Hall 30: Chinese Jades. This hall contains more than a
thousand examples arranged in ten cases in chrono-
of carved jade,
logical order frorn the early archaic period (about 1500 B.c.) down to
the end of the nineteenth century. On the walls there are an em-
broidered screen of the K’ang-hsi period and an imperial tapestry.
Hall 31: H. N. Higinbotham Hall. Gems and Jewels. See
page U-
Hall 32: West Gallery. Ethnology of China and Tibet.
Tibet is represented in the north part of the hall by exhibits of textiles,
looms, clothing (in a series of costumed figures), jewelry, saddlery.
 —

20 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

weapons, armor, ceremonial scarfs, metal ware, and household utensils.

The Lamaist religion, a form of Buddhism introduced from India,
is illustrated by images, paintings, sculpture, musical instruments,
and other objects used in the Lama temples. A large cast-iron temple
bell is worthy of special attention. In the central portion of the hall
are shown weapons, suits of armor, imperial costumes, fans, basketry,
musical instruments, bird and cricket cages, beadwork and peasant
embroidery, printing equipment from China, and a case that was espe-
cially planned for the school children of Chicago and shows Chinese
school children with their books, writing equipment, and samples of
their drawing and painting. The south section of the hall is occupied
by representations of Chinese and Tibetan dramatic performances on
which a special handbook entitled Oriental Theatricals has been issued.

Ground Floor
Hall A: Joseph N. Field Hall. Melanesia, South Pacific.
This hall contains ethnographical material from Melanesia and New
Guinea. The Melanesian collection is without doubt the most com-
prehensive in America. At the north end are the collections from
New Ireland, notable for elaborately carved and decorated ceremonial
masks and wooden figures. Two special cases contain tall carvings
representing ancestral figures, one mounted above another. Next
comes the general collection from New Britain, including large masks
of quite a different type. The peculiar types of decorated spears,
clubs, clothing, and ornaments from St. Matthias are shown in one
case. The Admiralty Islands are represented by large wooden bowls,
baskets, drums, carved figures, ornamented weapons, clothing, and
personal ornaments. The central part of the hall is occupied by
exhibits from New Guinea. Here may be seen a great variety of
wood-carvings, human and animal figures, masks, shields, bowls, and
large wooden drums. Interesting types of ornamental designs can be
seen on pottery, string bags, spears, and many other objects. Next
comes material from the Solomons, New Caledonia, and the New
Hebrides. Of special interest are the inlaid work in shell from the
Solomons, the New Caledonian stone clubs, and the ancestral skulls,
large tree-fern figures, and upright wooden drums from the New
Hebrides. In the southwest corner of the hall are two cases of material
from the little known Rennell, Bellona, and Santa Cruz Islands. In
most of the cases photographs are shown illustrating the use of many
of the objects exhibited. A general popular description of Melanesia
and the life of its native inhabitants may be found in the handbook
entitled Ethnology of Melanesia, published by the Museum and on
sale at the north entrance.

—
Hall Al: Australia. Five cases in this hall contain material
selected to illustrate the primary divisions of the simple culture of
Australian aborigines. These tribes are still in a Stone Age state of
development, with no agriculture, no domestic animals except the
dog, and no musical instruments. Their spear heads of stone are
exceptionally well worked, and spear points made from fragments of
glass obtained from Europeans are delicately flaked. Many devices
credited with magical powers are displayed. Varieties of boomerangs,
shields, clubs, and spear-throwers are regionally classified in the exhibit.
 —

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 21

Hall B: Archaeology of the New World {New style of exhibits).

— There will be three sections in this new hall when it is completed:
Section 1 {now open to the public): “Indian America,” the New
World civilizations as they were found at about the year 1492 by
European explorers, missionaries, and conquerors. In this section
are shown some of the fundamental characteristics of Indian civili-
zations at the point where recorded history and archaeology (un-
written history) meet. It is axiomatic that to exist, every man must
eat, clothe himself, erect some form of shelter, make and use tools
either on a relatively simple plane or in a complex way. These aspects
of Indian life are exhibited in this section, with reference not to one
isolated area, but to the entire New World. Exposition of such
fundamentals can best be accomplished in this manner.
The exhibits deal with a series of important culture traits
arranged to show their forms and spatial distribution over North,
Central, and South America. Specifically, the following subjects
are treated in separate exhibits: (1) Where we obtain some of our
knowledge concerning the customs of the Indians; (2) architecture
(houses and temples); (3) travel and transport; (4) clothing; (5)
—
decorative art; (6) economy that is, agriculture, tobacco, hunting,
fishing, seed and root gathering; (7) distribution of types of basketry,
pottery, metal work, weaving and textiles; (8) the reasons why some
Indian civilizations are rated higher than others (a chart); and (9)
writing.
Section 2 {open to the public, but only partially completed) is
dedicated to the American Indian civilizations as they were in the
thousands of years prior to White contacts (1492-1800). This
section will exhibit the main accomplishments of the Peruvians,
Mayas, Aztecs, and Pueblos, as well as those of the Indians of the
Mississippi Valley and the rest of North America. It will also show
the chronological order and the sequence of these civilizations from
the time of their discovery back to the earliest evidence of man in
—
the New World or about 15,000 to 25,000 years ago. These sub-
jects will be treated by means of dioramas, etc.
At present there are ten exhibits ready in Section 2. Seven
pertain to the Hopewell Indians (Classic Burial Mound Stage) who
lived in southern Ohio about a.d. 1100-1400; one deals with a “Death
Cult” which flourished about a.d. 1550-1650; one displays Arkansas
ceremonial pottery made during the Temple Mound Stage (a.d.
1400-1700); and one is a diorama of an ancient Arizona cliff-house.
Section 3 {not yet open to the public) Techniques: how stone, bone
:

and metal tools, pottery, baskets, and clothing were made and used;
how archaeologists find, excavate, and date ancient ruins; and finally,
how archaeologists collect and interpret information.
—
Hall C: Stone Age of the Old World. The exhibits in this
hall are arranged in chronological sequence to illustrate the main
stages of man’s cultural and physical development from approximately
a million years ago down to the dawn of history, principally in western
and central Europe. On the south side of the hall are diorama
groups most of which contain life-size restorations of early types of
man. The scenes in these, with the exception of Group No. 1, repre-
sent actual prehistoric sites.
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GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 23

The groups are as follows: (1) Chellean scene, northern France;

(2) Neanderthal family at Devil’s Tower rock shelter, Gibraltar;
(3) cave of Gargas, Haute-Garonne, illustrating the dawn of art
in the Aurignacian period; (4) sculptured frieze of Le Roc, Charente,
illustrating the art of the Solutrean period; (5) bison of clay at Tuc
d’Audoubert, illustrating the art of the Magdalenian period; (6)
original Magdalenian skeleton, Cap-Blanc, France; (7) rock shelter
of Cap-Blanc, Dordogne, showing frieze of animals and Magdalenian
sculptures in high relief; (8) Mas d’Azil boar hunting scene; (9)
Neolithic sun-worship, Carnac, Brittany; (10) Swiss Lake Dwellers.
Human remains, artifacts, and remains of contemporary animals are
shown in fifteen cases so arranged that the culture of each period may
be studied opposite the diorama characterizing the same period.
Of special importance among the collections in this hall is the
original Cap-Blanc skeleton of a Magdalenian girl. Likewise treasured
for their rarity are fragments of human remains from the Neanderthal
and Azilian periods, as well as additional Magdalenian material. The
Middle Aurignacian necklaces from La Souquette, Dordogne, and
the type collections from Tarte and Solutre, are also important.
Although European material dominates the type collection in general,
representative examples from Asia p,nd Africa are shown for purposes
of comparative study. On the north wall are shown drawings depict-
ing reconstructed scenes of Paleolithic times. A large photograph of
the mammoth pit at Predmost in Moravia reveals the wealth of
animal bones found.
At the entrance to the west end of this hall is an exhibit called
The Ancestry of Man, designed to show the relation between mankind
and other primates, and particularly the inter-relationships of various
extinct and living races of the human family.

—
Hall D: West and Central Africa. The exhibits in this hall
are arranged in geographical order, beginning with the Cameroon
region of west Africa and extending through the Congo area and
Angola (Portuguese West Africa). The section illustrated in greatest
detail is that of Cameroon, on the north side of the hall, where skill
in wood-carving, bronze casting, and beadwork attains a standard
unsurpassed in any other part of Africa. The finest examples of the
woodworker’s craft are displayed in the large wall case at the west
end of the hall. This exhibit includes a series of door posts and window
frames, along with such objects of household use as wooden beds and
stools. In the center of the hall are three life-size figures of Cameroon
medicine-men. These symbolize the main current of African thought,
for they represent witch-doctors engaged in magical ceremonies which
are deemed necessary to cure the sick, to make rain, and to appease
the ghosts of ancestors. An excellent collection of bronzes as well
as wood and ivory carvings from the west African city Benin, testifies
to the high development of Negro art. Along the south side of the
hall are exhibits representing warfare, handicrafts, and domestic
articles of Congo Negroes and similar objects from Angola. Numer-
ous photographs in the cases illustrate the way in which the objects
exhibited were made and used in the country of their origin. Other
pictures have been selected for the purpose of giving an accurate
impression of the many physical types represented by the races of
24 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Africa. Case 13 A makes a comparison of the wood-carving of west

Africa with that of Negroes of Dutch Guiana, South America. A
handbook entitled Ethnology of Africa, published by the Museum, is
on sale at the north entrance.
Hall E: Madagascar; East, South, and North Africa. —The
east half of this hall is occupied by a collection from Madagascar.
The natives of Madagascar are of mixed Asiatic and African origin,
and the exhibit forms a link_ between the African cultures and the
Polynesian and Malayan objects shown in the adjoining halls to
the south. This is the only Madagascar collection of importance
in the United States, and is believed to be the most complete in
existence. It includes implements and utensils of all sorts, weapons,
jewelry, wood-carvings, ornamental iron work, textiles, and paintings.
Much of the work has considerable artistic merit. The jewelry,
wood-carvings, and textiles are of especial interest. The textiles are
woven from silk obtained from both wild and domestic silkworms,
cotton, hemp, raffia, banana fiber, and the inner bark of trees. There
is on exhibition a unique collection of raffia cloths decorated with
elaborate designs made by the warp-dyeing process.
The west end of the hall is occupied by collections from east,
south, and north Africa. Several distinct cultures are represented,
including those of Bushman hunters, camel keepers of Abyssinia,
and the warlike, pastoral Masai. Two cases displaying objects from
north Africa are placed midway in the hall. The rugs and clothing
of the Kabyles are excellent examples of weaving and dyeing, while
the jewelry of these tribes makes an attractive exhibit. One of the
two cases containing objects from north Africa is devoted principally
to a display of objects used by the camel-keeping Tuareg of the Sahara.

—
Hall F Polynesia and Micronesia. This hall contains col-
:

lections from Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, the Cook Islands, Hawaii, New
Zealand, and the Society and Marquesas Islands in Polynesia, and
from the Gilbert, Caroline, and Marshall groups and various outlying
islands in Micronesia. Of especial interest are the fine collections
of painted bark-cloths and weapons from Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.
Noteworthy arq carved ceremonial paddles and adzes from the Cook
Islands. The New Zealand material illustrates well the culture of
the ancient Maori. Jade implements and feather robes are prominent
features of this exhibit, which is regarded as the best in the United
St{?tes. The eastern end of the hall is occupied by a complete Maori
council house from New Zealand, the only one in America and
one of six in existence. This structure is sixty feet long and four-
teen feet high. The front and all the wooden parts in the interior
are covered with carvings and paintings in the best style of ancient
Maori art,. Among the objects from Micronesia the armor and tooth-
edged weapons of the Gilbert Islanders, and the curious weapons and
implements from Matty Island, are of especial interest. A tapa
mosquito curtain from Fiji fills an entire case. A handbook entitled
Ethnology of Polynesia and Micronesia, published by the Museum, is
on sale at the north entrance.
Hall G: Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago. In the —
west section of this hall are illustrated the cultures of the island of
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 25

Sumatra, chiefly represented by the Batak and Menangkabau (on the

north side of the hall), the ethnology of Nias, a small island off
the west coast of Sumatra, and of the Semang, Sakai, and Malay of the
Malay Peninsula (on the south side of the hall). Exhibits from the
Menangkabau are continued in the east portion of the hall, which
in addition is devoted to the cultures of Java, Madura, Borneo,
Formosa, Ceram, Halmahera, Tenimber, and the Kei Islands. The
entire process of making batik-cloth is illustrated and supported by
many fine examples of batik fabrics. Puppets, masks, actors’ head-
dresses, actors’ costumes, and the musical instruments of an orchestra
such as accompanies performances, testify to the high development
of dramatic art in Java. There are four notable ancient stone sculp-
tures from Java, and a remarkable collection illustrative of the life
of the Dyaks of Dutch Borneo. The center of the hall is occupied by
a miniature model of a Menangkabau village, a life-size figure of a
Semang pygmy shown in the act of making fire, and a life-size figure
of a Dyak hunter. Life-size figures of a Menangkabau bride and
groom form a striking exhibit. Attention should especially be called
to the numerous fine wood-carvings and textiles in this hall, including
an elaborately carved figure from Bali. The Arthur B. Jones Collec-
tion is included in the hall.

—
Hall H: Philippine Islands. The collections in this hall
(including the Robert F. Cummings Collection) are so arranged as
to emphasize the outstanding characteristics of the principal pagan
groups throughout the archipelago. Comprehensive exhibits illustrate
the economic and ceremonial life of the Tinguian. A miniature village
of this people stands on the south side in about the center of the hall,
while a life-size group pictures their most noteworthy industry the—
forging of head-axes and spear-points. The Igorot are represented by
—
two groups one, a miniature village illustrating the daily life and
activities of the people; the other, a life-size group showing the making
of pottery. Suits of armor, and cannon and other weapons from the
Moro, are worthy of particular attention. At the east end of the hall
is a group consisting of six life-size figures representing Bagobo
weavers engaged in preparing and weaving Manila hemp.
—
Hall J Archaeology of Egypt. Human mummies and coffins
:

ranging in date from the tenth dynasty to the Roman period (i.e.
from about 2200 B.c. to a.d. 200) are assembled in built-in cases
along the north wall of this hall. A small chamber at the west end
of the hall contains an X-ray apparatus and a mummy. Here the
Museum visitor may press a button and see an actual size skeletal
image of the mummy projected upon a fluoroscopic screen. X-ray
photographs of some of the mummies are shown in a case near-by.
Painted linen shrouds from late Egyptian mummies occupy the ends
of the north wall cases. The backs of these cases are covered with
textiles, large hangings, and parts of decorated garments of the
Coptic period. Other Coptic garments and ornamental tapestries
and embroideries occupy a built-in case on the south wall. East of
them are mounted manuscripts on papyrus. Another case on the
south wall contains a group of stelae. On the east wall and the wall
 26 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

north of the west stairway are displayed tomb-sculptures and paint-

ings. This exhibit includes a statue of the goddess Sekhmet. Two
complete tomb chapels of the Old Kingdom have been erected in the
northwest corner. There also are three late sarcophagi of red granite,
black granite, and marble, respectively. The largest case in the
hall, under the west stairway, contains a wooden boat almost four
thousand years old, found buried beside the pyramid of King Sesostris
III at Dahshur. A prehistoric Egyptian body, buried long before
mummification was practised, is shown in a burial pit, surrounded
by pottery. Other exhibits are devoted to statuettes in stone, bronze,
and wood, ushebtis, offering-tables, tomb and memorial tablets,
alabaster and other stone vases, pottery, faience and glass, jewelry,
toilet articles, charms, beads, tools, weapons, wooden furniture, and
mummified animals. All the foregoing are original objects. Repro-
ductions shown include only the famous Rosetta Stone, the elegant
papyrus of Ani, and certain irnportant tomb and temple sculptures
the originals of which are still in Egypt.

—
Hall K: Archaeology of Babylonia. Cultures of the ancient
Near East from the middle of the fourth millennium B.c. to the fourth
century A.D. are shown in this hall. The material, almost entirely
from excavations by the Field Museum-Oxford University Joint
Expedition to Kish and Jemdet Nasr, is representative of four thou-
sand years of development in Babylonia. The fioor cases contain
pottery of the Jemdet Nasr, Early Dynastic, Babylonian, and Neo-
Babylonian periods; Sumerian stone and bronze vessels; chariot
wheels and rein rings from tombs dating to about 2900 B.C., with a
scale reconstruction of a four-wheeled chariot; cuneiform writing on
clay tablets; and building materials and models showing how they
were used. In the wall cases are tools, weapons, personal ornaments,
toilet articles, figurines, gaming pieces, weights, toys, glass vessels,
lamps, amulets, and cylinder and stamp seals.
At the west end of the hall is a restored Sasanid portal, fianked on
both sides by sections of a large palm-frond soffit. The two alcoves
near-by are devoted to an extensive display of Sasanid stucco and
' pottery.
Around the walls is a frieze of cylinder-seal impressions, enlarged
approximately twenty-five times, selected to show the development
of glyptic art. A leaflet describing these seals is on sale in the hall.

Hall L: Siberia, and tbe Ainu, India, Ceylon, Andaman

and Nicobar —
Islands.- Ethnological collections from both the
primitive and advanced cultures of northeastern and southern Asia
are shown in this hall. The west end contains the clothing, house-
hold objects, weapons, and tools of the primitive peoples of eastern
Siberia, and of the Ainu of Japan. Beside the west door of the
hall are two large Siamese shadow figures, mounted on glass and
illuminated from behind to show them as they appear to the spec-
tator at a Siamese shadow play. Extensive collections from India,
including musical instruments, weapons, textiles, clothing, orna-
mental brasses, architectural wood-carving, and a model of the
famous Taj Mahal fill the eastern section of the hall. Particularly
notable is the inset case in the center of the east wall exhibiting
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 27

Indian sculpture of the first century of our era and later. Exhibits
from Ceylon, of which the most interesting are perhaps the carved
wooden masks, and the models of boats and carts, are along the
north wall. There also are three cases containing collections from
the primitive tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay
of Bengal.

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
Second Floor: — Halls 25-29
—
Hall 25: Food Plants. The south side of this hall is occupied
by food products of vegetable origin: the small grains and corn with
their products, starches, sugars, edible oils and fats, leguminous seeds,
nuts, spices, and beverages.
The principal grains such as wheat, rice, and rye, are exhibited,
and, in more detail, heads of the chief wheats and barleys of the
United States with the United States government grain standards.
The exhibit includes primitive cultivated grains, einkorn, emmer
and spelt; also samples of ancient barley and wheat from Mesopotamia
reputed to be 5,000 years old, and of wheat from the pyramids of
Egypt. A miniature mill illustrates the modern process of flour-
making, and various samples show the steps in manufacture and
the characteristics of the chief commercial grades of flour. The
five main types of corn are shown; also ancient corn from the Mound
Builders, Cliff Dwellers, and Peruvian burials. Products manu-
factured from various small grains, and a detailed exhibit of those
from corn kernels, are displayed, with material illustrating the steps
in their manufacture.
Various forms of sugar from the native markets of many countries
are shown. There is also a detailed exhibit representing the steps in
the manufacture of cane and beet sugar. Edible vegetable oils,
domestic and foreign, are displayed with the seeds or fruits from which
they are obtained. The chief commercial starches of the world are
shown in conjunction with their respective plant sources. Leguminous
seeds from various countries give an idea of the many varieties that
are used for food. Exhibits of spices and nuts furnish an interesting
study in plant geography. Common beverages are seen to be mostly
of vegetable origin, and fall into two main groups. One group in-
cludes coffee, tea, cacao, mate, cola, guarana, etc., with mildly
stimulating properties due to caffeine, theine, or similar alkaloid.
The other group comprises fermented beverages in use in all parts
of the world, such as palm wine, piwari, chicha, awa, and pulque, as
well as the more familiar cider, grape wines, etc., with their distilled
derivatives. A large variety of tea and coffee is shown, together
with an exhibit of the New York Coffee Exchange standard of grading.
Enlarged photographs portray the principal steps in the production
of these commodities. In proximity to the collections of coffee and
tea samples are dioramas showing on a small scale a modern coffee
plantation and a tea plantation. In a separate floor case there is
a natural size reproduction of a tea bush in flower and fruit. Near
the starch exhibit is a small scale diorama of a South American
28 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

cassava mill. In a case near the east end of the hall are shown the
principal vegetable foods of New World origin. The chief edible
fruits are generally omitted from the food plant display, being well
represented throughout the botanical exhibits in Hall 29, adjoining.
A series of murals parallels the exhibits and represents scenes
pertaining to man’s quest of vegetable food: food-gathering, primitive
planting, hoe-culture, various types of agriculture, threshing, grind-
ing, sugar growing, oil pressing, the caravan trade in spices, water-
borne commerce in food products, a vegetable market in the tropics,
a wholesale vegetable market. The last two murals of the series are
maps showing the overland trade routes of ancient and medieval
times, and the chief centers of origin of the world’s principal food
plants. These murals are the work of Mr. Julius Moessel.
—
Palms. The north side of Hall 25 is devoted to palms and their
economic products. The collection includes palm material from al-
most all tropical parts of the world. It contains many unusual and
interesting specimens, such as the so-called double coconut of the
Seychelles Islands, which has the largest seed in the plant kingdom.
There are also numerous entire clusters of fruit among which those of
the South American Mauritia and Orbignya palms are notable for
their size.Most impressive of all for its large size is the fruit cluster
of a raffiapalm which occupies a separate case. A case is given to
a display of the enormous leaf stems of the larger palms in which the
entire length of a leaf may be as much as forty feet. A spiny palm
from Surinam and a Nipa palm from the East Indies occupy sepa-
rate cases. At the east end of the hall is shown the flowering and
fruiting top of a coconut palm.
Palms furnish many of the necessaries of life in the tropics, yield-
ing edible fruits such as dates and coconuts, edible oils, sago, sugar,
and drinks both fermented and unfermented; several palms are im-
portant sources of fibers, others of wax. The stems are used in
construction of dwellings, the leaves for thatching, basket-making,
hats, mats, etc., and the fibers for making ropes and textiles.

Hall 26: Charles F. Millspaugh Hall. North American

Woods. — The exhibits in this hall represent the principal trees and
woods of North America. They are arranged in the order of their
botanical relationship, beginning with the conifers at the northwest
end of the hall. Each exhibit includes a part of the trunk of a tree,
a transverse or cross-section of a trunk, and one or more boards
representative of the typical grain and appearance of the wood.
Generally there are a quarter-sawed board and a flat-grained one.
These specimens are supplemented by photographs of the living tree
under summer and winter conditions, and in some cases of a branch
in fruit or flower; a map to indicate the area of distribution; and a
descriptive label summarizing the principal characteristics of the
tree, and properties and uses of the wood. Colored transparencies
show North American forest scenes. For this hall a special guide-
book, North American Trees, may be obtained at the North Entrance
of the Museum.
—
Hall 27: Foreign Woods. In the east half of this hall are
shown selected woods of the Old World. Those of India, Africa, and
VEGETATION

ALPINE
30 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Australia are on the south side, and those of Europe, the Philippines,
and Japan are on the north. The west half of the hall contains West
Indian, Mexican, and Central and South American woods. This
collection is still incomplete, but contains most of the foreign woods
now imported into the United States. Of the new exhibits the most
noteworthy are a display of commercial woods of the Amazon Valley,
and another of the various species of American mahogany.
Hall 28: Plant Raw
Materials and Products. On one side —
of this hall are displayed fiber plants such as cotton, hemp, flax,
jute, manila hemp, sisal hemp, and their products. On the other
side are shown varnish resins, lacquers and lac, wood distillation
products, resin and turpentine, cellulose and paper pulp, cork, tanning
materials, dyestuffs, rubber, gums, waxes, perfume and flavoring
oils, paint and soap oils, tobacco, and crude drugs.
Wherepossible a specimen or a photograph of the fiber plant,
or the part of the plant that yields the raw material for fiber-making,
is shown in connection with material illustrating stages in the prepara-
tion of the fiber and its products. Basketry, broom, and hat making
materials are shown in the same manner.
The display of resins is unusually fine. Wood distillation,
although an old industry, has very recently made distinct improve-
ments in methods and in the number and value of its products.
These are shown in some detail.
Vegetable dyes and tanning agents, oils, waxes, and rubber are
of interest because of their industrial applications. The exhibit of
rubber includes many of the principal varieties of crude material,
and trunks of several kinds of rubber trees showing methods of
tapping.
In the center of the hall are tree trunks incised or boxed for
turpentine and rosin, reproductions of a long-staple cotton plant, and
of a tobacco plant in flower.

Hall 29: Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall of Plant

Life). —
The exhibits in this hall are planned to furnish a general view
of the entire range of plant life, including various extinct groups, and
to show at the same time as many as possible of the most important
useful plants of the world. Beginning at the northeast corner of the
hall, the lowest order of plants, the bacteria, are followed by algae,
fungi, mosses, and other flowerless plants; next are conifers; and
finally the flowering plants, which occupy the greater part of the hall.
One of the most noteworthy of the exhibits is a trunk of the curious
cannon-ball tree of northern South America, with showy flowers and
large spherical fruits, on the east side of the hall. Other interesting
plants represented are pepper, breadfruit, the giant waterlily known
as Victoria regia, pitcher-plants, citrus fruits, poison ivy, ragweed,
mango, cacao, passion flowers, anatto, cacti, mangrove, Brazil nuts,
souari nuts, chicle, coffee, banana, pineapple, vanilla and other
orchids, etc. In their respective places among the various plant
families represented are found also some of the common wild flowers
of the United States.
 —

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 31

At the north end of the hall is a large group illustrating the

alpine vegetation of the north Rocky Mountains; to the left of this
is another representing the spring flora of an Illinois woodland, and
to the right is a third showing the intertidal seaweeds of the northern
Atlantic coast. At the south end of the hall a group of tropical
aquatics is the first of a series of three scenes to illustrate plant
communities of the southern hemisphere.
Since plants cannot be so preserved as to retain their natural
appearance, most of the exhibits in this hall are produced in the
laboratories of the Museum. Plants collected in the field serve as
models for accurate reproductions, made by skillful employment of
plastic materials. New exhibits are being added continually.

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
—
Second Floor: Halls 31 and 34-38
Hall 31 Gems and Jewels. See page kk-
:

—
Hall 34: Minerals, Crystals, and Meteorites. The east half
of the hall is occupied by the systematic collection of minerals. These
are classified and arranged according to the usual classification based
upon chemical composition and crystal structure. Those native
elements which are each composed of only one kind of atom are
placed first at the east end of the hall. They are followed by groups
of more complex composition: the sulphides, chlorides, oxides, car-
bonates, silicates, sulphates, phosphates, and others, ending with the
hydrocarbons.
Four individual cases contain specimens of unusual interest: (1)
from southern Illinois, a twinned fluorite crystal, probably the largest
crystal of its kind in any museum; (2) from western Illinois, a large
quartz-filled geode; (3) from Chile, two large, clear selenite crystals;
and (4) from Peru, what is probably the largest known lapis lazuli.
Toward the center of the hall are shown a special collection of radio-
active minerals accompanied by radiographs made by them, a collec-
tion of pseudomorphs, and the William J. Chalmers Crystal Collection.
The Chalmers collection illustrates, by means of a large number of
selected mineral crystals, the variations in natural external form that
result from the different arrangements of the atoms that characterize
different minerals. Supplementary cases contain collections of amber,
and of ornamental and fluorescent minerals. The fluorescent exhibit,
located in the corridor leading to Hall 35, is arranged so that its
specimens are alternately exposed to white and ultra-violet light.
Following the minerals, twenty cases are devoted to the exhibi-
tion of one of the largest collections of meteorites in the world^
in fact, the largest, as regards the number of recorded meteorites
represented. Nearly two-thirds of the 1,200 meteorite falls on
record are represented by specimens in this collection. Some of the
specimens are in the form of polished or etched slabs, which display
the interior structure of meteorites, while others are unbroken and
show how the meteorites appeared when picked up immediately
after their fall. The larger examples are installed in individual cases.
The specimen of greatest size thus shown is an iron meteorite weigh-
ing 3,336 pounds. The exhibit also contains two of the largest known
32 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

individual stone meteorites, one being the largest ever seen to fall
and the other the largest ever found. Meteorites, aggregating more
than a ton in weight, from the famous locality at Canyon Diablo,
Arizona, are shown. They include one weighing 1,013 pounds.
Etched faces on many of the specimens of iron meteorites illustrate
the peculiar figures which distinguish these meteorites from terrestrial
iron. The Benld meteorite, which fell through a garage and damaged
an automobile, is shown in an individual case, together with damaged
parts of the garage and automobile. It is of more than usual interest
because only eleven meteorites are known to have caused property
damage. This hall also contains a collection of tektites, peculiar
glassy objects of unknown origin which many believe to be meteorites.

Hall 35: Clarence Buckingham Hall. Physical Geology and

—
Lithology. The east half of this hall contains collections illustrat-
ing the structure of the earth, and the effects of the geological agents
which affect the formation, alteration, destruction, and disturbance
of the rocks. On the east wall there is a model of the solar system
and another of the interior of the earth. At the east end of the hall
is a collection of volcanic rocks which were ejected in a molten
state from the earth’s interior. Contorted and ropy lava surfaces
from Hawaii, from the Mount Taylor volcanic region in New Mexico,
from Vesuvius, and from other well-known volcanoes, as well as vol-
canic bombs from France and New Zealand, are conspicuous among
the volcanic specimens. There are also shown many examples of
such frequently mentioned substances as volcanic ash, lapilli, and
tuffs.
The volcanic collection is followed by a collection showing fea-
tures of the igneous rocks which at the time of their formation lay
deep within the earth.
A model shows the forms assumed by intrusions of rock from the
depths into rock nearer the earth’s surface. Another model shows
the interior of the earth with greater detail than appears on the larger
model on the wall. Also shown is a collection illustrating the several
kinds of metamorphism (change of one kind of rock to another).
Examples of rocks crumpled, folded into troughs and ridges, or broken
and displaced, demonstrate the enormous power of forces which are
constantly in operation within the earth. Features of the dikes and
veins which fill openings in rock appear in near-by cases.
In one case are exhibited many dendrite specimens. These are
branching mosslike forms deposited by water seeping through cracks
in rocks. They are objects of unusual delicacy and beauty. In
another case are specimens of ripple-marked sandstone of unusual
size and perfection. These display large surfaces ripple-marked by
wave action in a long distant past, exactly as the sands of lake and
sea shores of the present day are scored.
Cave products occupy one case. While these consist largely of
lime stalactites and stalagmites, other cave products such as floor
deposits and gypsum rosettes are also represented. Caves of an
unusual type, found in Utah, containing huge transparent gypsum
crystals instead of the usual carbonate of lime stalactites, are repre-
sented by a number of crystals which have been so installed as to
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 33

reproduce the appearance of a cave. Artificial lighting of the exhibit

serves to bring out the transparency of the crystals. A large ful-
gurite or “lightning tube,” more than eight feet long, which was
formed when lightning struck into an Indiana sand dune, occupies a
case by itself. In an adjoining case, smaller fulgurites from other
localities show the effects of lightning on both sand and rock.
A large specimen of lodestone, weighing 400 pounds, has unusual
magnetic power which is illustrated by metallic objects which cling
to it because of its attraction.
A collection which illustrates the changes effected in and the
destruction of rocks on the surface of the earth by exposure to the
weather fills several cases. Specimens from the Arabian Desert
showing stones broken by exposure to the heat of the sun, and the
desert varnish covering pebbles from several deserts, merit special
attention.
Near the middle of the hall three cases are filled with an un-
usually large and varied collection of concretions. Another case
near the center of the hall contains a collection illustrating the wear-
ing, smoothing, grooving, and scratching of rock by glacial action.
The result of this action is shown in unusual perfection on two large
rock slabs displayed on bases.
The west half of the hall is filled with a large collection of rocks
displayed in specimens of uniform size. These are arranged not in
geographical order but according to a system depending upon their
texture and mineralogical composition.
Dominating the west end of the hall is a model, nineteen feet in
diameter, of the visible hemisphere of the moon. It is much the
largest and most elaborate representation of the moon’s surface ever
made. The chara’cteristic volcanoes, plains, mountain ranges, and
other features of the moon are shown in their true positions and
relative extent. In order to make the relief more distinct the vertical
scale of the model has been made about three times greater than the
horizontal.
The walls of two corridors connecting Clarence Buckingham Hall
with adjacent halls are occupied by exhibits. In the western half
there is displayed a collection of relief maps showing the topography
of selected portions of the earth’s surface. Some of these are repre-
sentations of well-known scenic areas. Others illustrate the topog-
raphy of states and other political divisions. Of special geological
interest are the relief maps of the region about Chicago, which show
the distribution of land and water in this district during a number of
stages following the glacial period. In one of these corridors there
is a model of the Natural Bridge of Virginia. Besides being a faith-
ful reproduction of the bridge, with the associated scenery, the
model illustrates a number of details of rock structure which occur
on too large a scale to be shown by specimens.
—
Hall 36: Non-metallic Industrial Minerals.^ This hall is
in process of change from a hall of non-metallic industrial minerals
to one covering the entire field of Economic Geology. The east half
of the hall will be occupied by the ores of the precious and base
metals; the west half contains the useful rocks and non-metallic
34 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

minerals of economic importance. These exhibits include an intro-

ductory case illustrating the nature and occurrence of useful rocks
and non-metallic minerals; mica and silica; natural and artificial
abrasives; building and decorative stones; asbestos minerals; refrac-
tory minerals; solid mineral fuels; carbon minerals; alkaline earths;
minerals of the alkali group; nitrates; phosphate rocks and minerals;
fluorite, and sulphur.

Hall 37: Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall. Ores; Fossil Inverte-

—
brates and Plants. The east half of this hall is occupied by a
collection of ores of the precious and base metals. The ores of each
metal are grouped separately, with the exception of ores of gold,
silver, and lead which occur mixed in the same deposit so frequently
that they must be shown together. Under each group the specimens
are arranged in geographical order according to country, state, and
mining district. In a case against the east wall, examples of those
minerals which are frequently mistaken for gold are shown, and
with them, for comparison, gold from a variety of occurrences.
Interspersed with the groups of ores are models which illustrate
methods of mining and treating ores of the more important metals.
Among these a model of a gold mine shows ordinary methods of
mining vein ores. Treatment of gold ore for extracting the gold is
illustrated by two models, one of a stamp mill, the other of a simple
form of cyanide plant. A model of a lead blast-furnace illustrates
one common method of extracting lead and silver from the ore. A
model of an iron blast-furnace and its accessories, partly in section,
illustrates the fundamental process in the metallurgy of iron. With
this model are shown models of two furnaces which illustrate the
simple methods of iron smelting used in earlier times or by primitive
peoples. One of the usual treatments for separating ore of any kind
from admixed rock is shown by a model of a jig. With many of the
lesser known metals, and some others, are placed small collections
which illustrate the utilization of these substances.
As the small specimens of which most of the ore collection is
composed do not show sufficiently well the appearance of ore in mass,
several large specimens of various ores have been placed in individual
cases. Near the center of the room a collection of native coppers in
a separate case merits attention.
The west half of the hall contains the collections of invertebrate
fossils and fossil plants. Extensive reorganization and improvement
of this collection is under way and parts of it may be withdrawn at
times for revision. The exhibits are temporarily arranged in strati-
graphic sequence, consisting of plants and animals of the successive
geological periods from the Cambrian to the Pleistocene. This
arrangement shows that each important geologic period is charac-
terized by a more or less distinctive group of plants and animals,
and that life moved in an orderly succession from the simple to the
more complex forms. Furthermore, this series furnished evidence
needed for determination of the age of the rocks in which the fossils
occur, and supplies a record of the distribution of the ancient seas
and lands.
Hall 38: Ernest R. Graham Hall. Vertebrate Paleontology.
— In this hall are exhibited fossil fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds.
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36 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

and mammals. They are drawn from various geological periods,

Devonian to Recent, covering the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic
eras. These exhibits are at present undergoing complete reorganiza-
tion and enlargement. Entire groups of collections are withdrawn
from exhibition occasionally for revision.
In general, the exhibits are arranged according to the biological
relationships of the animals shown. The entire geological sequence
of life is illustrated by a series of mural paintings showing the processes
of earth formation and various groups of extinct animals and plants
in their natural surroundings.
At the south end of the hall is an exhibit of plants and trees
belonging to the Carboniferous or Coal period. Life-size restorations
of many of these are shown in a large group portraying a portion
of a forest of the period, as it appeared in living form. This is by
far the most accurate and extensive reproduction of the trees of the
Coal period ever made.
At the north end of the hall
a series of three restoration groups.
is
The first shows an extinct species
of three-toed horses; the second
shows members of the gigantic family of extinct mammals known as
Titanotheres; the third shows a Neanderthal cave-man family of
Europe in their home. These groups are based upon careful and
exhaustive studies of the known skeletons of the species represented.
The landscape settings also are carefully prepared reproductions of
the kind of surroundings in which the men and animals lived.
The mural paintings, beginning with the earliest period, repre-
sent, in this order, the following: The Cooling Earth, The Beginnings
of Life, A Sea Beach of Ordovician Time, A
Coral Reef of Silurian
Time, A Forest of Devonian Time, North American Reptiles of
Permian Time, African Reptiles of Triassic Time, Small Flying
Reptiles and Birds of Jurassic Time, Large Flying and Marine Rep-
tiles of Jurassic Time, Swimming Reptiles, An Armored Dinosaur, A
Plant-eating Dinosaur, Horned and Carnivorous Dinosaurs, Asiatic
Horned Dinosaurs, Duck-bill and Crested Dinosaurs, Four-toed
Horses and Primitive Hoofed Beasts, Titanotheres, Primitive Whales,
Early Camels and Suillines, Early Elephants and Rhinoceroses,
Giant Kangaroos and Wombats, New Zealand Moas, South American
Ground Sloths and Glyptodonts, Sabertooth Tigers and Vultures,
Mastodons, Cave Bears, Mammoths and Woolly Rhinoceroses, and
the Great Irish Deer. These paintings, like the models, are based
upon exhaustive scientific studies.
Fossil vertebrates are exhibited in upright cases, either arranged
in alcoves or in groups of cases placed according to the relationship of
the animals exhibited. Through the middle of the hall will be found
a series of exhibits consisting of mounted skulls and skeletons of
the larger fossil animals.
Aseries of introductory cases intended to serve as a background
for the appreciation of the exhibits has been planned for the north
end of the hall.
At the south end of the hall is a double case of fossil fishes, those
on one side consisting of specimens of Paleozoic and Triassic fishes,
mostly from Europe, while on the reverse side will be found exhibits
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 37

of Jurassic fishes from Bavarian stone quarries. In a near-by case

are exhibited parts of skeletons of European flying reptiles, a cast of
the earliest known fossil bird, and a skeleton of the North American
flying reptile Nyctosaurus. On
a large slab are parts of a skeleton of
the long-necked swimming
lizard Elasmosaurus. Below are the
shells of two turtles. On the reverse side will be found skulls, and a
large skeleton, of marine reptiles belonging to the Mosasaur family.
A shell and skeleton of a giant land turtle of Pliocene age is exhibited
in a floor case.
A mounted fore leg and two great femora, together with other
parts of Jurassic dinosaurs, may be seen near the south entrance of
the hall. In the middle aisle is the mounted skeleton of the great
dinosaur Apatosaurus and specimens of Cretaceous dinosaurs con-
sisting of skulls of Edmontosaurus, Protoceratops, Anchiceratops and
Triceratops. With these are exhibited a group of fossil dinosaur eggs
from Mongolia, and miniature models of various kinds of dinosaurs.
Acase on the west side of the hall is devoted to giant flightless
birds, and contains skeletons of a Moa from New Zealand, and of a
carnivorous phororhacoid from South America. The latter is a
typical member of one of the most spectacular bird groups of all time.
Among the exhibits of fossil mammals are several that illustrate
how fossilbones are buried, preserved, and found. A bone slab
from the well-known Agate Springs quarry is shown in the north
half of the hall on the west side. A skeleton of the giant ground sloth
Scelidotherium, as found buried in the ground, and a group showing
skeletons of the giant ground sloth Mylodon and the saber-tooth
cat Smilodon at one of the famous California tar pools, are near the
north entrance. A unique aggregation of twenty-five skeletons of
the little deer-like animal Leptomeryx on a single slab of rock are
shown at the north end of the hall on the west side.
Various mammalian groups are displayed in single cases or in
entire alcoves. The camels are represented by skeletons of Oxydactylus
and Procamelus, and an evolutionary series of skulls and feet of
different forms ranging in age from upper Eocene to Recent. The
history of the American rodents is exhibited in considerable detail.
A skeleton of the giant beaver, Castoroides, included in the rodent
case is worthy of special attention.
An alcove is devoted to the titanotheres, those ponderous extinct
relatives of the horses and rhinos. Skeletons and skulls of the horn-
less and horned members of the family are shown. Pig-like mammals
and oreodonts are exhibited in a case on the east side of the hall.
The elephant group is represented by skeletons of the Columbian
Mammoth and American Mastodon, and a case illustrating the
elephant and mastodont families.
South American fossil mammals are well represented. They are,
for the most part, exhibited on the west side of the hall, in the nor-
therly half. Those of the Eocene and of the Oligocene epochs consist
of series of skulls, jaws, and other skeletal parts. Mammals from the
Santa Cruz formation, of middle Miocene age, include unique skele-
tons of Astrapotherium and Homalodotherium, together with a large
series oi skulls. These specimens are grouped together in the cases
of a single alcove. Fossil mammals of the Pliocene epoch of South
 ;

38 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

America include specimens of the armored mammals, Panochthus

and Eleutherocercus and a skeleton of the smaller ground sloth,
Pronothr other ium.
The mammals of South America include a skeleton
Pleistocene
Megatherium shown in the middle aisle, and skeletons of
of the great
the ground sloth Scelidodon and the heavily armored Glyptodon
davipes.

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
First Floor: —Halls and 15-22
12, 13,

Ground Floor:—Halls M, N, N-1, and O

First Floor
Hall 12: Domestic Mammals (Sculptures by Herbert
—
Haseltine). Hall 12, which opens into the south end of George M.
Pullman Hall (Hall 13), is devoted to a special exhibit of British
champion domestic animals sculptured in bronze and marble by the
noted sculptor Herbert Haseltine. The figures are done in one-
fourth natural size, and all are from living subjects especially studied
and modeled by the artist. There are nineteen subjects including
horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs, many of them internationally famous
in their time on the turf or in the paddock. The collection was pre-
sented to the Museum by Trustee Marshall Field.
Hall 13: George M. Pullman Hall. Horned and Hoofed
—
Mammals. This hall, which is immediately west of Stanley Field
—
Hall, is devoted to horned and hoofed mammals game animals
from all parts of the world. Included are gazelles, wild sheep, goats,
oxen, and various representatives of the deer family, the antelopes.
In a case near the center of the hall are shown some of the smaller
hoofed animals, the dik dik, musk deer, mouse deer, and others. Of
special interest are: the European red deer, shown in a case near the
north end of the hall; and, in the south end, a case with a series of
American mountain sheep, and another with a fine male American
bison. Four cases at the north end of the hall exhibit the mammals
of Illinois.

— —
Hall 15: Mammals Systematic. West of the north end
of George M. Pullman Hall is Hall 15. With the exception of the
hoofed mammals, it contains members of the principal groups of
mammals of the world, arranged according to their relationships.
At the east end of the hall are a few hoofed animals including zebras,
wild ass, tapirs, wild pigs, and the llama and alpaca. Beginning
with the monotremes or egg-laying mammals of Australia and the
pouched mammals or marsupials, there are shown various groups,
such as rodents, edentates (sloths, anteaters, etc.), fur-bearing mam-
mals, the cat family, the civet family, and the dog family, terminating
with the highest mammals, the monkeys and man-like apes. On the
north side two cases contain a noteworthy series of North American
cats, and black bears and their allies. On the south side a case of
North American foxes exhibits the beautiful color phases of the red
fox.
 —

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 39

Hall 16: Richard T. Crane, Jr., Hall. American Mammals

— Habitat Groups. — Hall 16 contains habitat groups of American
mammals. Flanking the entrance at the east end of the hall are
groups of Rocky Mountain goats and Stone’s mountain sheep, both
of which may also be seen from Pullman Hall. Thence westward are
four groups of the Virginia deer showing the difference in its appear-
ance and habits in the four seasons. These are followed by groups of
the American pronghorn antelope, mule deer, Olympic elk, Alaska
moose, grizzly bear, and glacier bear. In the western half of this hall
are further American groups, including the Alaska brown bear, polar
bear, musk-ox, bison, caribou, mountain lion, and beaver. These
are followed by groups of some of the more important mammals of
South America, the guanaco, tapir, great anteater, and marsh deer.
Opposite the North American beaver group is a group of capybara
and jaguar in a tropical jungle scene.
Hall 17: William V. Kelley Hall. Asiatic Mammals
—
Habitat Groups. An extensive series of habitat groups showing
the principal large mammals of Asia and adjoining islands is in course
of preparation in this hall. Eighteen of these have been completed
out of a total of twenty-one, and another is in course of preparation.
Among them are some of the more striking results of the expeditions
conducted by Theodore and Kermit Roosevelt, sons of former Presi-
dent Theodore Roosevelt, during the James Simpson-Roosevelts
Expedition of 1925 and the William V. Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition
of 1929. In the eastern half of this hall are groups of Marco Polo’s
sheep, Asiatic ibex, Indian rhinoceros, Bengal tiger, the large antelope
known as the nilgai or blue bull, and three Indian species of deer
the sambar, swamp deer, and axis deer.
Facing the center of the hall, on the north side, is a group of the
very rare giant panda, showing two of these animals in a setting repre-
senting bamboo and mountain forest in western China. Opposite
this, on the west, is a group of the curious, long-snouted, ant-eating
sloth bears of India. On the south side and facing the center of the
hall are shown separately the common Indian leopard crouching on a
limb of a tree, and the rarer snow leopard with two young.
In the center of the west half of the hall are two large groups of
Indian wild oxen or “buffalo.” On the south side are water buffalo,
shown in a lowland scene, and accompanied by white “cow-herons”
and several small hog deer. Opposite are the gaurs or seladangs,
magnificent animals of rich coloration and imposing stature. Adjoin-
ing these is a group of blackbuck and chinkara —common antelopes
of India. A notable group on the south side of the hall is that of the
large heavy-bodied goat-antelope known as the takin, from the
mountains of western China.
A group of orangs, showing a family party in the treetops of
Borneo, occupies a space in the northwest corner of the hall. Near-by
on the south side of the west entrance to the hall, is another group
of apes in the treetops, showing the bizarre species from Borneo
known as the proboscis monkey.
Hall 18: Albert W. Harris Hall. Reptiles and Amphibians.
— The east half of this hall is devoted to reptiles and amphibians
and there are two habitat groups of insects at the western end. The
40 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

two^ entomological habitat groups illustrate the insect life of the

Indiana dunes, and the life history of the tomato worm moth.
Three cases of North American and exotic butterflies form the
nucleus for more extensive entomological exhibits in preparation.
The east half of this hall is devoted to the collection of reptiles
including representatives of the lizards, snakes, turtles and
crocodiles. Of particular interest are lifelike reproductions in cellu-
loid of amphibians and reptiles. Noteworthy among these are an
American alligator with nest and eggs, a South American anaconda
installed in a natural setting, the so-called dragon lizard of Komodo,
and a reticulated python shown coiled about its eggs. One of the
two large habitat groups of reptiles at the entrance to the hall exhibits
a group of American crocodiles on a rocky reef in a lake in Honduras,
The other case shows a sea turtle laying its eggs on a Florida beach,
A case exhibiting the striking modifications of the tadpole stage in
frogs occupies a wall space in one of the alcoves.

—
Hall 19: Vertebrate Anatomy. This hall contains skeletons
of the principal vertebrates or backboned animals. These include
fishes, frogs and their relatives, birds, and mammals. At the right
of the east entrance are the lower forms — —
fishes, etc, and at the
left, the higher apes and man. Near these is a case illustrating
the history of the human skull. In the center toward the west end
is the huge skeleton of a right whale. East of this is the skeleton of
an Indian elephant. Of particular interest among the bird skeletons
is an assembled skeleton of the extinct great auk. An alcove in the
southwest corner of the hall contains four cases illustrating the
processes of reproduction and birth in animals.

— —
Hall 20: Birds Habitat Groups. Sixteen bird groups with
painted backgrounds are shown in the east half of Hall 20. The
majority of the groups are of North American birds, conspicuous
among which are the northern loon, golden eagle, California condor,
whooping crane, wild turkey, white pelican, and ruffed grouse. There
are also groups from tropical America including the flamingo, the
jabiru stork, horned screamer, and scarlet ibis.
In the west half of the hall a series of groups is being prepared to
illustrate the natural environment or habits of interesting foreign
birds. Fourteen of these groups are completed. On the north side
the first contains eight emperor penguins obtained in “Little America”
by the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition, and it portrays in an
admirable manner the frigid home of these odd-shaped birds. Adjoin-
ing the penguins on the north is a recessed series of three groups
showing birds of different environments in various parts of Africa. In
one of these are represented the typical birds of the dense, rain-forest
belt on the slopes of Mount Cameroon, Africa. In the next group
the village weaver birds and their communal nesting places are shown
in a setting depicting the banks of the Niger in French Sudan, and in
the third group are displayed the characteristic birds found in the
Kalahari Desert in Africa. Five other groups occupy the western
part of the north side of the hall. Three of these are devoted to birds
of tropical America in settings showing a wealth of tropical vegeta-
tion. In central position is a group of the long-tailed quetzal, national
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 41

bird of Guatemala and one of the most brilliantly colored of all birds.
On the right is a group of toucans and smaller birds in a lowland
forest; and on the left of this recess is shown a colony of Montezuma
oropendulas or giant weaver birds, with their long nests hanging from
a treetop in Guatemala. In the northwest corner of the hall is a group
of the familiar European stork, specimens and accessories for which
were presented by the Polish-American Chamber of Commerce in
Warsaw, Poland. A pair of adult storks are shown, together with
their young and a roof-top nest in a Polish village. On the south
side is a group of sea birds shown at their nesting grounds on Laysan
Island in the mid-Pacific. Conspicuous among them are albatrosses,
gannets, and man-o’-war birds. West of the Laysan Island birds is
a group of red grouse in a setting depicting the moors of Selkirkshire,
Scotland. Two adjacent groups represent birds of the northern part
of the Old World; these are a scene in the Netherlands showing the
dance-ground and remarkable courtship behavior of the shore bird
known as the ruff, and a Manchurian eagle owl being mobbed by jays
and titmice, as is the habit of small birds the world over. In the next
alcove to the west the North Island kiwi of New Zealand is shown with
its nest and eggs. The kiwi is flightless and its eggs are of unusual size.
The southeastern case in the hall exhibits a pair of the exceptionally
beautiful green pea fowl waking at dawn on their roost on the limb
of a dead tree in the Indo-Chinese forest.

Hall 21: Birds — Systematic. — A systematically arranged col-

lection of birds in this hall includes representatives of the more
important orders and families. Cases on the north side of the hall
are devoted to North American birds, and those on the south side to
birds of foreign countries. The North American series, especially, has
undergone revision by which the birds are arranged on natural perches
or bases instead of on shelves. Installation is completed for the diving
birds, gulls, shore-birds, ducks, hawks, owls, woodpeckers, sparrows,
warblers, thrushes, wrens, etc. Species known to occur in the state
of Illinois are marked with a red star. Foreign birds occupy the
entire south side of the hall and are in process of revision. Among
them are several noteworthy cases recently reinstalled, one devoted
to ostriches and their allies, others to the parrot family, the birds of
Paradise, the pheasants, grouse, etc., the ducks, herons and their allies,
and the vultures and eagles. On the north side of the east end of the
hall are two wall cases containing extinct North American birds and
birds introduced into America. In the east end and in the middle of
the south side of the hall are two cases containing restorations of
fossil birds. In the large case are eight models of extinct species, the
remains of which were found in various parts of the world. The
smaller case contains a life-size model of the Mauritius dodo, which
became extinct in 1681. In the alcove north of the entrance to this
hall is a case of albino birds and mammals. A
case at the east end
of the hall is designed to answer the question “What is a bird?”
Models show the minute structure of the feather and various anatomi-
cal characters distinctive in birds.

Hall 22: Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall. African Mammals

— Habitat Groups. — This, the largest hall devoted to zoology,
occupies the entire west end of the building and is divided in the
4 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

middle by the stairway leading to the west entrance of the building

and the James Simpson Theatre. North of the stairway are many
—
groups of African mammals lions, koodoos, zebras, buffaloes, and
various antelopes, including a group of the diminutive antelopes
known as dik diks. In the north end, in addition to a group of
greater koodoos, are reproductions of a hippopotamus and of a white
rhinoceros. These are made in cellulose-acetate by a process origi-
nated and developed in the Museum. More life-like results are
obtained by this method than by mounting the skins of animals of
this type.
On the south side of the stairs is a group of the rare and strik-
ingly colored antelope known as the bongo, shown in a bamboo forest.
Also noteworthy is a very fine example of the giant sable antelope
from southwest Africa, as well as the rare giraffe-like okapi. Still
other groups are those of hyenas, cheetahs, warthogs, white-tailed
gnus, and the curious ant-eating aardvark. Of interest also is a
—
group of Abyssinian dassies or coneys small animals resembling
rodents but related to the hoofed mammals. In temporary position
in this hall is a family of gorillas next to the central west wall, and
adjacent to it is a group of the distinctly marked guereza monkeys of
Ethiopia. At the south end of the hall is a very large group showing
various large mammals gathered at a water-hole in Abyssinia. Fea-
tures of this group, which is the largest in the Museum, are five
beautiful giraffes and a black rhinoceros with young.

Ground Floor
Hall M : Lower Invertebrates. —
Seven cases in this hall contain
exhibits ofmarine invertebrates such as sea-stars, sea-urchins,
protozoans or single-celled animals (represented by models), sponges,
millepores, sea-fans, and various kinds of corals. Most of these
specimens, however, are necessarily only the limy or horny skeletons
of the animals and therefore some of them give no indication of
their bright colors in life. But the form and color of such soft-
bodied creatures as jellyfish, sea-anemones, and sea-cucumbers
are well represented by glass models. There are five cases with
typical examples of more than a hundred families of mollusks arranged
in their systematic order. A small case on the south side protects
the largest known bivalve, the giant clam of the Pacific and Indian
oceans. From the ceiling are suspended models of a record size
squid and octopus.

—
Hall N: Marine Mammals. This hall, devoted to habitat
groups of marine mammals, is planned to accommodate nine large
groups, of which eight have been completed. In central position
as approached from the stairway leading to the ground floor, is a
very large and imposing group of northern sea lions, including
thirteen animals and occupying a case forty feet in width and
seventeen feet deep. The painted background shows a scene on the
coast of Washington where the animals were collected. North of this
and also on the west side of the hall is a group of Pacific walrus in
a setting of Arctic ice floes suffused by the light of the midnight sun.
The elephant seal, largest of all seals, occupies a space south of the
WATER-HOLE

AFRICAN

AN
44 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

sea lions. An enormous bull and four other animals are shown on the
beach of Guadalupe Island off the northwest coast of Mexico.
On the north side of the hall is a group of Pacific harbor seals
variously disposed on kelp-covered rocks. On the east side, opposite
the walrus, is a group, modeled in cellulose acetate, of the peculiar ce-
tacean known as the narwhal. Four animals are shown swimming
about the submerged base of an iceberg. On the south side of the hall,
to the left of the elephant seals, is another undersea group showing
a pair of manatees or sea cows. Adjoining this on the left is an
Antarctic scene of snow and ice with a large female Weddell’s seal
and her young in the foreground, while others are seen scattered in the
distance. Specimens for the last were collected by Rear-Admiral
Richard E. Byrd’s last expedition to “Little America.” East of the
Weddell’s seal group the northern fur seal is shown on its breeding
grounds in the Pribilof Islands off Alaska. Among the forty mounted
specimens in the group are bulls, cows, pups, and bachelor seals.
Hall N-1: Whales . —In preparation.
—
Hall O: Fishes. This hall contains a comprehensive collection
of fishes arranged in systematic order in built-in cases on the north
and south walls. These exhibit the sharks and rays, various primitive
fishes appropriately labeled “Living Fossils,” and a large series of
the bony fishes ranging from the herrings and salmon-like fishes to the
spring-rayed fishes and such bizarre forms as the trigger fishes and
angler fishes.
The west end of the hall is occupied by a large three-panel habitat
group showing the fishes of the Bahama coral reefs. Other groups
show the rocky coast of Maine, the sandy ocean floor of the Texas
coast, and a lava-walled cove in the Galapagos Islands with its
bright colored and peculiar fishes. Two large alcoves are required
to exhibit the gigantic whale shark, a half-grown specimen of which
measures 25 feet in length. With the whale shark is shown the largest
of the rays, the devil-fish or manta, a half-grown specimen of which
measures 12 feet across the wing-like fins.

H. N. HIGINBOTHAM HALL
—
Hall 31, Second Floor: Gems and Jewels. At west head of
staircase leading from the south end of Stanley Field Hall.
This hall has been completely remodeled and its exhibits of
a large and valuable collection of gems and jewels have been re-
installed in cases of the most modern type. There are shown many
examples of nearly every known gem, represented by both cut and
uncut specimens. Many of the specimens are of historic interest
and of high intrinsic value. Attention may be called especially to
the DeVrees engraved diamond, the Hope, Tiffany and Crane aqua-
marines, the Russian topazes, the series of cut amethysts, and the
Sun God opal.
In the series of diamonds there are shown, besides the engraved
diamond already mentioned, four cut stones and rough diamonds from
nearly all the important fields of the world. Emeralds are illustrated
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 45

by crystals from Colombia, Russia, and Brazil. There is a fine series

of star sapphires, and both blue and yellow sapphires are represented
by large and attractive stones, the largest weighing 993^ carats.
The Crane aquamarine, weighing 341 carats, and several other
cut aquamarines of exceptional quality and size, illustrate this variety
of beryl in unusual completeness and beauty. Gem topaz, both cut
and rough, is illustrated in a variety of colors. Blue, yellow, rose, and
colorless stones are shown, the finest of these being the Crane rose
topaz of 97 carats. A
transparent, nearly colorless crystal of topaz
from Brazil, weighing 90 pounds, is also included in the series. Tour-
maline, zircon, garnet and peridot are other gem minerals well repre-
sented by cut and rough stones. Many cut and crystallized amethysts
from Brazil and other countries show the rich purple color and other
qualities of this stone at its best.A bowl, nine inches in diameter, cut
from one piece of rose quartz, is noteworthy for its rich color and size.
Precious opal illustrated in a wide variety of colors from all the
is
important the world. Besides the Sun God opal some exquisite
fields of
specimens of black opal are worthy of special notice. Pearls are
illustrated by pearl and shell from several regions, and a collection
showing range in color and size of culture pearls, with natural Oriental
pearls for comparison.
Several crystal balls and various carvings of rock crystal, some of
which are of historic interest, illustrate the ornamental and other uses
of this semi-precious stone. Many other semi-precious stones are
illustrated in the collection both by cut and rough specimens. Gold
and platinum are represented by nuggets and other specimens showing
modes of occurrence of these metals in nature. There are shown also
worked forms of gold and silver, representing the use of these materials
in jewelry among primitive and Oriental peoples in both early and
later times. Here are to be seen a number of examples of pre-
Columbian gold ornaments from South America, of Egyptian and
classical jewelry, and of jewelry from India and Algeria.

THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION

The N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department prepares
small portable cases containing natural history and economic exhibits,
and lends them to the schools of Chicago.
This service was made possible by the late Norman Wait Harris,
who in 1911 provided an endowment of $250,000. This endowment
has been supplemented in later years by contributions of more than
$268,000 from Mr. Albert W. Harris, son of the founder, and other
members of the family.
Approximately 1,100 cases are at present available for this
educational work. During the school year two cases are sent to
each school at frequent, regular intervals. Deliveries and collections
are made free of charge by two Museum motor trucks.
In addition, collections of study skins of birds and small mam-
mals, pressed plants of the Chicago area, specimens of rocks and
minerals, and sundry other materials may be borrowed upon request
by schools.
Examples of these cases are exhibited in Stanley Field Hall.
46 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE

RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC
SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S LECTURES
Various educational activities for school children of Chicago are
provided by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation
for Public School and Children’s Lectures. An endowment of $500,000
was provided for this purpose in 1925 by Mrs. James Nelson Ray-
mond. Since that time, additional contributions totaling more than
$87,000 have been made by Mrs. Raymond.
During the spring and autumn, and often also in the summer, the
Foundation provides series of programs consisting of educational
motion pictures, lectures, and demonstrations. These programs are
presented in the James Simpson Theatre of the Museum. During the
school year members of the Raymond Foundation staff are sent to
the public schools of Chicago to give illustrated lectures. As many as
600 such lectures are given during a year. Throughout the year,
classes of children from both elementary and high schools, and groups
from community centers and other organizations, are conducted on
tours of the Museum exhibits by Raymond Foundation lecturers. By
arrangement with the Board of Education of Chicago, a correlation
of Museum exhibits with the curriculum prescribed for the schools
has been effected, whereby children, brought to the Museum by
their teachers, study exhibits having a direct bearing on their
current classroom work. Raymond Foundation lecturers assist
these groups.

THE MUSEUM LIBRARY

The Museum maintains a specialized reference Library containing
approximately 124,000 books and pamphlets on anthropology, botany,
geology, zoology and related subjects. Among these are the proceed-
ings, transactions and publications of learned societies, academies, and
universities throughout the world, constituting a collection invaluable
in research work.

The ornithological section includes many rare and beautifully

illustrated volumes, the greater part of which were a gift from the late
Edward E. Ayer, former Trustee and first President of the Museum.
Also especially noteworthy is the Library’s large collection of
books on China, its history, language, and literature, including several
thousand volumes in the Chinese language. This collection was
bequeathed to the Museum by the late Dr. Berthold Laufer, former
Curator of Anthropology.
The Library strictly a reference library, available for the use of
is
scientists, students, teachers, and others engaged in research work.
It is open weekdays from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., except Saturdays when it
closes at noon.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 47

GENERAL MUSEUM INFORMATION

Location
The Chicago Natural History Museum is located in Grant Park
near Lake Michigan, the main entrance facing Roosevelt Road at
Field Drive. Regular service direct to the entrance is maintained by
the Jackson Boulevard busses (No. 26) of the Chicago Motor Coach
Company, with free transfers to and from all other lines of the com-
pany. The Illinois Central main and suburban stations are only two
blocks from the Museum. Surface cars of the Roosevelt Road Line
have their eastern terminus in Grant Park about a block from the
Museum. Elevated lines and interurban lines provide transportation
to within a few blocks of the Museum. There are excellent drives for
automobiles, and ample free parking space.

Hours and Rules of Admission

The Museum is open to the public every day of the year (except
Christmas and New Year’s Day) during the following hours:
November, December, January, February 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
March, April, September, October 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
May, June, July, August 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Children are admitted free on all days. Students and members
of the faculty of any university, college, institute, or school, are
admitted free upon presentation of proper credentials. The federal
tax of three cents on students of twelve years or over and on teachers
will be paid by the Museum. Adult visitors are charged the estab-
lished admission fee of 25 cents plus 5 cents federal tax making
a total of 30 cents except on Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays,
when admission is free.

Checking
Canes, umbrellas, and parcels must be checked at the entrances.
Coats may also be checked. A fee of 5 cents is charged for this service.

Telephones
Public telephones are located west of the main (north) entrance.

Wheel Chairs
Visitors desiring the use of wheel chairs may obtain them at the
main (north) entrance. A fee of 25 cents per hour is charged for
chairs, and attendants must be furnished by the applicants. A
deposit of $1 is required on each chair.

The Book Shop

To provide a reliable source of supply for authoritative books in
the many fields of science within the scope of the Museum, a Book
Shop is maintained at the east side of the north entrance to Stanley
Field Hall. Through The Book Shop there are available at one loca-
48 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

tion books by reputable authors on anthropological, botanical, geo-

logical, and zoological subjects, as well as on explorations and other
activities related to the work of the Museum. Included are the
products both of the Chicago Natural History Museum Press and of
other publishers. All of the books kept regularly in stock have been
passed upon by qualified members of the Museum’s scientific staff.
There is a large selection of books for children, as well as for adults.
—
These include books which are amusing as well as educational books
for reading to the youngest children, books for reading by children of
various ages, picture books, books of drawings to be colored, attrac-
tively prepared atlases, etc. On special orders the Museum Book
Shop will obtain for purchasers practically any book available from
any publisher or dealer in the world. Books may be purchased by
mail order, but it is necessary to require payment in advance, as the
Museum does not carry accounts. In addition to books, there are on
sale miniature representations of various animals in bronze and other
materials, for use as souvenirs, library decorations, and toys. Some
of the larger figures are designed to serve as book ends. There are
also on sale illuminated globes bearing maps of the world.

Lunch Rooms
There is a Cafeteria on the ground floor where meals and refresh-
ments may be obtained. Accommodations are provided near the
Cafeteria for school children and persons who bring their lunches.

Special Privileges
Hand cameras may be used at any time, but to make photo-
graphs requiring use of tripods or flashlights the Director’s permission
must be obtained. Likewise, for sketching requiring use of an easel,
chair, etc., the Director’s permission is necessary.
The Research Collections are not open to the public but may be
visited by students, specialists, and Members of the Museum upon
application to the Director when requests meet with the approval
of the Chief Curators.

Museum Tours and Guide Service

At 2 P.M. daily except Sundays, guide-lecturers conduct tours
through various sections of the Museum. On Wednesdays and
Fridays special subjects are covered according to a schedule, copies
of which may be obtained at the north entrance or by mail on
request; on other days tours are general, covering principal exhibits
in all departments. Tours last an hour and may be taken, without
charge, by any visitor. During July and August, on the same days,
additional lecture tours are given at 11 a.m.
The services of a guide-lecturer may also be engaged, without
charge, by clubs, conventions, classes from public, parochial, and pri-
vate schools, or other parties of ten or more individuals on weekdays
and Saturday mornings. Written application for this service should
be made to the Director of the Museum at least a week in advance
of the intended visit.
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 49

Layman Lectures on Sundays

Each Sunday afternoon at 2 o’clock, during October, November,
and December, and February, March, and April special lectures are
offered for adults. These are presented by The Layman Lecturer,
Mr. Paul G. Dallwig, a Chicago business man and Member of the
Museum, whose deep interest in scientific subjects has led him to give
his services for this work without cost to those participating or to the
institution. He is an impressive and dramatic speaker, who conveys
authentic information about the exhibits used to illustrate his topics.
His subject is changed each month, and information as to the current
topic may be obtained in advance from the Museum. The wide scope
of his lectures is indicated by the following typical titles; “Digging Up
”
the Caveman’s Past,” “Nature’s ‘March of Time,’ “The Parade of
”
the Races,” “Gems, Jewels, and ‘Junk,’ “The Romance of Diamonds
from Mine to Man,” “Night Riders of the Sky,” and “Who’s Who in
the Mounted Zoo.” It is necessary to make reservations in advance
for each Sunday lecture, as the number that can be accommodated is
limited. Reservations may be made by personal application to at-
tendant at the North Entrance, by mail, or by telephone (WABash
9410). Children cannot be accommodated on these programs.

Illustrated Lectures in the Theatre

Courses of free illustrated lectures on science and travel are given
for the public on Saturday afternoons at 2:30 o’clock during March,
April, October, and November in the James Simpson Theatre on the
ground floor of the Museum. Men prominent in the fields of explora-
tion and research are engaged for these lectures. Both motion pic-
tures and colored stereopticon slides are used to illustrate them.
Other lectures, by members of the Museum’s scientific staff, are
frequently broadcast by various radio stations. Occasionally Ameri-
canization programs are presented for the foreign-born.

Membership
The Chicago Natural History Museum has several classes of
Members. Annual Members contribute $10 annually. Associate
Members pay $100 and are exempt from dues. Sustaining Members
contribute $25 annually for six consecutive years, after which they
become Associate Members and are exempt from all further dues.
Life Members give $500 and are exempt from dues. Non-Resident
Life Members pay $100, and Non-Resident Associate Members $50;
both of these classes are also exempt from dues. The Non-Resident
memberships are available only to persons residing fifty miles or more
from Chicago. Those who give or devise to the Museum $1,000 to
$100,000 are designated as Contributors, and those who give or devise
$100,000 or more become Benefactors. Other memberships are
Honorary, Patron, Corresponding, and Corporate, additions under
these classifications being made by special action of the Board of
Trustees.
Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free admission to the
Museum for himself, his family and house guests, and to two reserved
seats for Museum lectures. Subscription to the Museum Bulletin
is included with all memberships. The courtesies of every museum of
50 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

note in the United States and Canada are extended to all Members
of this Museum. A Member may give his personal card to non-
residents of Chicago, upon presentation of which they will be admitted
to the Museum without charge. Further information about mem-
berships will be sent on request.

Sets of Post Cards

The Museum has published fifty sets of post cards illustrating
subjects represented in the exhibits of the Departments of Anthro-
pology, Botany, Geology, Zoology, and the N. W. Harris Public
School Extension. These cards are printed by the collotype process,
and each one contains a brief text. The sets are in special envelopes
prepared for convenience in mailing, but they also may be mailed as
individual post cards if desired. They are suitable, too, for mounting
in albums, and can thus be made into a pictorial natural history
library. For children they are especially valuable.
Following are the subjects, number of cards in each set, and price:

Anthropology
Cards
Numbers and subjects of sets
in sets
Price

1. Archaic Bronzes, China 16 $ .30

2. Sung Bronze Vases, China 10 .20
3. Bronze Figures, China 15 .30
4. Ancient Pottery, China 14 .30
5. Mortuary Clay Figures, a. Human Figures, China 10 .20
6. Mortuary Clay Figures, h. Animal Figures, China 14 .30
7. Buddhist Sculpture: Buddhas, China 7 .15
8. Buddhist Sculpture: Bodhisatvas, China 14 .30
9. Buddhist Sculpture: Monks, China 6 .10
10. Buddhist and Taoist Sculptures, China 10 .20
11. Imperial Costumes, China 6 .10
12. Actors’ Costumes, China 8 .15
13. Lama Mystery-play, Tibet 13 .30
14. Folk Costumes, Tibet 10 .20
15. Buddhistic Sculpture, India 14 .30
16. Ancient Sculpture, Mexico 8 .15
17. Ancient Pottery, Peru 15 .30
18. —
Drums, Daggers, Bags New Britain, New Guinea 11 .20
19. Household Utensils, Admiralty Islands and New
Guinea 10 .20
20. Human and Animal Figures, New Guinea 10 .20
21. Ceremonial Masks, New Guinea and New Hebrides 8 .15
22. Malagan Figures and Masks, New Ireland 10 .20
23. Wooden Masks, New Guinea and New Britain 10 .20
24. Prepared Human Heads, New Guinea and New
Hebrides 8 .15
GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 51

Cards
Numbers and subjects of sets in sets
Price

25. Alabaster Jars, Egypt 12 $ .25

26. Bronzes and Ivory Carvings, Benin, West Africa 12 .25
27. Medicine-man, Wooden Masks, etc., Cameroon 8 .15
28. Bronzes: Races of Mankind (Supply exhausted) 30 .50
29. Man of the Stone Age (Supply exhausted) 10 .20
30. African Races: Sculptures in Hall 3 18 .35
31. American Races: Sculptures in Hall 3 12 .25
32. Asiatic Races: Sculptures in Hall 3 30 .50
33. European Races: Sculptures in Hall 3 10 .20
34. Oceanic and Australian Races: Sculptures in Hall 3
(Supply exhausted) 16 .30
35. Bronzes: Races of Mankind (complete set) (Supply
exhausted) 80 1.50

Botany
1. Miscellaneous Plants 12 .25

Geology
1. Restorations of Ancient Landscapes, Plants, and
Animals 14 .30
2. Neanderthal (Mousterian) Man 10 .20
3. Mesohippus, a Three-toed Horse 6 .10

Zoology
1. Apes and Monkeys 12 .25
2. Interesting Large Rodents 7 .15
3. Marsupials, or Pouched Mammals 8 .15
4. Tarantulas, Centipedes and Scorpions 10 .20
5. Skates and Rays of American Waters 10 .20
6. Common American Moths 10 .20
7. Common Illinois Butterflies 20 .40
8. North American Mammals: Habitat Groups 18 .35
9. African Game Animals 19 .35
10. British Champion Animals: Sculptures in Hall 12 20 .40

N. W. Harris Public School Extension

1. Types of cases lent to Chicago schools 7 .15
Post card sets on other subjects will he added from time to time.

Other Post Cards and Pictures

Post cards of miscellaneous subjects selected from among the
Museum exhibits are on sale at the north or main entrance at the
rate of two for 5 cents in black and white; 5 cents each in colors.
 —

52 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Photographs of most of the outstanding exhibits are on sale.

These are available at $1 per print when sold for personal use only;
when purchaser intends using them for publication or reproduction
in any form the price is Some are copyrighted. Per-
$2 per print.
mission to reproduce photographs must be obtained from the Director
of the Museum, and is granted only on condition that courtesy lines
giving credit to the Chicago Natural History Museum shall appear
with the reproductions, and upon compliance with other requirements
the Museum may make.
All of the post cards, pictures, albums, etc., may be obtained at
the information desk at the main or north entrance of the Museum.

List and Prices of Illustrated Leaflets Issued by the Museum

Anthropology
1 Chinese Gateway. By
Berthold Laufer. 8 pages, 1
plate.February, 1922. {Supply exhausted.) —
2 Philippine Forge Group. By F. C. Cole. 4 pages, 1
plate. February, 1922. $ .10
3 Japanese Collections. By Helen C. Gunsaulus. 20 pages,
6 plates. April, 1922. .20
4 New Guinea Masks. By A. B. Lewis. 12 pages, 6 plates.
June, 1922. .15
5 The Thunder Ceremony of the Pawnee. By Ralph
Linton. 20 pages, 4 plates. October, 1922. .20
6 The Sacrifice to the Morning Star. By Ralph Linton. 20
pages, 1 plate. November, 1922. .10
7 Purification of the Sacred Bundles. By Ralph Linton.
11 pages, 1 plate. April, 1923. .10
8 Annual Ceremony of the Pawnee Medicine Men. By
Ralph Linton. 20 pages, 2 plates. April, 1923. .10
9 The Use of Sago in New Guinea. By A. B. Lewis. 9
pages, 2 plates, 3 text-figures. July, 1923. .10
10 Use of Human Skulls and Bones in Tibet. By Berthold
Laufer. 16 pages, 1 plate. July, 1923. .10
11 The Japanese New Year’s Festival, Games, and Pastimes.
By Helen C. Gunsaulus. 18 pages, 4 plates. July, 1923. .15
12 Japanese Costume. By Helen C. Gunsaulus. 26 pages,
4 plates. December, 1923. .20
13 Gods and Heroes of Japan. By Helen C. Gunsaulus. 24
pages, 4 plates. May, 1924. .15
14 Japanese Temples and Houses. By Helen C. Gunsaulus.
20 pages, 4 plates. May, 1924. .15
15 Use of Tobacco among North American Indians. By
Ralph Linton. 27 pages, 6 plates. December, 1924. .20
16 Use of Tobacco in Mexico and South America. By J.
Alden Mason. 15 pages, 6 plates, 1 text-figure.
January, 1925. .15
 —

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 53

17 Use of Tobacco in New Guinea and Neighboring Regions.

By Albert B. Lewis. 10 pages, 2 plates, 1 text-figure.
January, 1925. $ .10
18 Tobacco and Its Use in Asia. By
Berthold Laufer. 39
pages, 10 plates. January, 1925. .25
19 Introduction of Tobacco into Europe. By Berthold
Laufer. 66 pages. January, 1925. .25
20 The Japanese Sword and Its Decoration. By
Helen C.
Gunsaulus. 21 pages, 4 plates. January, 1925. .15
21 Ivory in China. By Berthold Laufer. 78 pages, 10 plates,
15 text-figures. August, 1925. .60
22 Insect Musicians and Cricket Champions of China. By
Berthold Laufer. 28 pages, 12 plates, 1 cover design.
July, 1927. .40
23 Ostrich Egg-shell Cups of Mesopotamia and the Ostrich
in Ancient and Modern Times. By Berthold Laufer.
52 pages, 9 plates, 10 text-figures, 1 cover design.
April, 1926. .30
24 Indian Tribes of the Chicago Region, with special refer-
ence to the Illinois and the Potawatomi (Second
Edition). By William D. Strong. 36 pages, 8 plates.
August, 1938. .25
25 The Civilization of the Edition). By
Mayas (Fourth
J. Eric Thompson. 104 pages, 14 plates, 11 text-
figures, 1 map, 1 cover design. February, 1942. .60
26 The Early History of Man. By Henry Field. 18 pages,
8 plates, 1 map, 1 cover design. June, 1927. (Supply
exhausted.) —
27 The Giraffe in History and Art. By Berthold Laufer.
100 pages, 9 plates, 1 vignette, 23 text-figures, 1 cover
design. March, 1928. .60

28 The Field Museum-Oxford University Expedition to

Kish, Mesopotamia, 1923-1929. By Henry Field. 34
pages, 14 plates, 2 maps. December, 1929. .50
29 Tobacco and Its Use in Africa. By Berthold Laufer,
Wilfrid D. Hambly, and Ralph Linton. 45 pages, 6
plates. January, 1930. .25
30 The Races Mankind (Fourth Edition). By Henry
of
Field, with a preface by Berthold Laufer and an intro-
duction by Sir Arthur Keith. 44 pages, 9 plates.
May, 1942. .25
31 Prehistoric Man. Hall of the Stone Age of the Old World
(Third Edition). By Henry Field, with a foreword
by Berthold Laufer. 48 pages, 8 plates, 1 map, 1 cover
illustration. December, 1941. .25
32 Primitive Hunters of Australia. By Wilfrid D. Hambly.
60 pages, 12 plates, 1 map. February, 1936. .30
 —

54 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

33 Archaeology of South America (Second Edition). By

J. Eric Thompson. 160 pages, 12 plates, 18 text-
figures, 1 map. March, 1941. $ .75
34 Ancient Seals of the Near East. By Richard A. Martin.
46 pages, 24 text-figures. June, 1940. .25
35 Aleutian Islanders. By George I. Quimby. 48 pages, 8
plates, 9 text-figures. November, 1944. .35

Botany
1 Figs. By B. E. Dahlgren. 8 pages, 1 plate. February,
1922. .10
2 Coco Palm. By B. E. Dahlgren. 8 pages, 2 plates.
February, 1922. .10
3 Wheat. By B. E. Dahlgren. 8 pages, 1 plate. February,
1922. .10
4 Cacao. By B. E. Dahlgren. 14 pages, 2 plates, 3 text-
figures. November, 1922. .10
5 A Fossil Flower. By B. E. Dahlgren. 16 pages, 10 text-
figures. April, 1924. , .10
6 The Cannon-ball Tree. By
B. E. Dahlgren. 8 pages, 6
plates, 1 February, 1925.
cover design. .10
7 Spring Wild Flowers. By J. Francis Macbride. 32 pages,
2 plates, 28 text-figures, 1 cover design. May, 1924. .25
8 Spring and Early Summer Wild Flowers. By J. Francis
Macbride. 30 pages, 2 plates, 28 text-figures, 1 cover
design, June, 1924. .25
9 Summer Wild Flowers. By J. Francis Macbride. 30
pages, 1 color plate, 2 plates, 28 text-figures, 1 cover
design. June, 1924. .25
10 Autumn Flowers and Fruits. By J. Francis Macbride.
30 pages, 1 color plate, 2 plates, 28 text-figures, 1 cover
design. October, 1924. .25
11 Common Trees (Second Edition). By J. Francis
Macbride. 44 pages, 2 plates, 43 text-figures, 1 cover
design. February, 1936. .25
12 Poison Ivy. By James B. McNair. 12 pages, 6 text-
figures, 1 cover design. April, 1926. .15
13 Sugar and Sugar-making. By James B. McNair. 34
pages, 8 text-figures, 1 cover design. October, 1927. .25
14 Indian Corn. By James B. McNair. 34 pages, 6 text-
figures, 1 cover design. February, 1930. .25
15 Spices and Condiments (Second Edition). By James B.
McNair. 64 pages, 11 text-figures, 1 cover design.
June, 1937. .25
16 Fifty Common Plant Galls of the Chicago Area. By Carl
F. Gronemann. 30 pages, 1 colored cover design, 51
text-figures. September, 1930. .25
17 Common Weeds. By Paul C. Standley. 32 pages, 27
text-figures, 1 cover design. September, 1934. .25
 ——

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 55

18 Common Mushrooms. By Leon L. Pray. 68 pages, 66

text-figures, 1 cover design. July, 1936. $ .50
19 Old-Fashioned Garden Flowers. By Donald Culross
Peattie. 32 pages, 28 text-figures, 1 cover design.
November, 1936. .25
20 House Plants. By Robert Van Tress. 36 pages, 31 text-
figures, 1 cover design. April, 1937. .35
'

21 Tea. By Llewelyn Williams. 30 pages, 9 text-figures, 1

cover design. July, 1937. .25
22 Coffee. By B. E. Dahlgren. 44 pages, 14 plates, 1 text-
figure, 1 cover design. May, 1938. .25
23^ — Carnivorous Plants and “The Man-Eating Tree.” By
Sophia Prior. 20 pages, 8 text-figures, 1 cover design.
February, 1939. .25
24 Mistletoe and Holly. By Sophia Prior. 32 pages, 8 text-
figures, 1 cover design. December, 1939. .25
25 The Story of Food Plants. By B. E. Dahlgren. 38
pages, including 17 plates and 1 colored plate. Septem-
ber, 1940. .25

Geology
1 Arizona Gold Mine. By H. W. Nichols. 12 pages,
1 plate. May, 1922. .10
2 Models of Blast Furnaces for Smelting Iron. By H. W.
Nichols. 12 pages, 3 plates. November, 1922. .10
3 Amber. By
O. C. Farrington. 7 pages, 3 colored plates,
I text-figure. July, 1920. .10
4 Meteorites (Second Edition). By O. C. Farrington.
II pages, 4 plates. December, 1941. .10
5 By H. W. Nichols. 13 pages, 6
Soils. plates. April, 1925. .10
6 The Moon. By O. C. Farrington. 13 pages, 2 plates.
October, 1925. .10
7 Early Geological History of Chicago. By H. W. Nichols.
30 pages, 4 plates, 6 colored plates, 9 text-figures.
September, 1925. .25
8 —
Agate Physical Properties and Origin. By O. C. Far-
rington. Archaeology and Folk-lore. By Berthold
Laufer. 36 pages, 10 plates, 4 colored plates, 1 colored
text-figure. July, 1927. .50
9 How Old Are Fossils? By Sharat K. Roy. 12 pages, 4
plates. June, 1927. .15
10 Famous Diamonds. By O. C. Farrington. 28 pages, 5
plates. February, 1929. .25
11 Neanderthal (Mousterian) Man. By O. C. Farrington
and Henry Field. 16 pages, 8 plates, 1 map. October,
1929. .15
12 Cement. By H. W. Nichols. 16 pages, 4 plates. October,
1929. .15
 —

56 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

13 The Geological History and Evolution of the Horse. By

Elmer S. Riggs. 54 pages, 19 plates, 4 text-figures, 1
cover illustration. November, 1932. $ .40
14 A Forest of the Coal Age. By B. E. Dahlgren. 40 pages,
2 plates, 24 text-figures, 1 cover design. October, 1933. .25

Zoology
1 White-tailed Deer. By Wilfred H. Osgood. 12 pages, 1
plate, 1 text-figure. April, 1922. .10
2 Chicago Winter Birds. By
Colin C. Sanborn. 12 pages,
1 plate. November, 1922. .10
3 The American Alligator. By Karl P. Schmidt. 16 pages,
2 plates, 3 text-figures. January, 1923. .10
4 The, Periodical Cicada. By William J. Gerhard. 14
pages, 2 plates, 2 text-figures. March, 1923. .10
5 The Alligator Gar. By Alfred C. Weed. 16 pages, 1
plate, 2 text-figures. April, 1923. .10
6 The Wild Turkey. By John T. Zimmer. 15 pages, 1
plate, 1 cover illustration. March, 1924. .10
7 The Man-Eating Lions Tsavo. By Lieutenant-Colonel
of
J. H. Patterson, D.S.O. 40 pages, 4 plates, 1 map, 1
cover illustration. October, 1925. .50
8 Mammals of the Chicago Area. By Colin C. Sanborn.
24 pages, 3 plates, 19 text-figures, 1 cover illustration.
January, 1926. .20
9 Pike, Pickerel and Muskalonge. By Alfred C. Weed.
52 pages, 8 colored plates, 4 text-figures, 1 cover design.
June, 1927. .50
10 The Truth about Snake Stories. By Karl P. Schmidt.
20 pages, 1 cover illustration. January, 1929. .15
11 The Frogs and Toads of the Chicago Area. By Karl P.
Schmidt. 16 pages, 4 plates, 1 colored plate, 1 cover
illustration. February, 1929. .25
12 The Salamanders the Chicago Area. By Karl P.
of
Schmidt. 16 pages, 3 plates, 1 colored plate, 1 cover
illustration. October, 1930. .25
13 Sculptures by Herbert Haseltine of Champion Domestic
Animals of Great Britain. 6 pages of text, 19 plates
(with captions opposite). June, 1934. .25
14 Turtles of the Chicago Area. By Karl P. Schmidt. 24
pages, 2 colored plates, 10 text-figures, 1 cover illustra-
tion. June, 1938. .25

Special Leaflet
1 — Lion Spearing. By Carl E. Akeley. 7 pages, 3 plates.
September, 1926. .15
 —

GENERAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTIONS 57

Handbooks
Handbook. General information concerning the Museum,
its history, building, exhibits, expeditions, and activi-
ties. Tenth edition. July, 1941. 76 pages, 9 text-
figures. $ .25
Exploring Field Museum. 1942. 43 colored plates of exhibits
in the Museum, with brief descriptive text opposite
each. .60
Oriental Theatricals. By Berthold Laufer. 1923. 60 pages,
11 plates. .25
Archaeology of North America. By Paul S. Martin. June,
1933. 122 pages, 8 plates, 10 text-figures, 1 map.
(Supply exhausted.) —
Ethnology of Africa. By Wilfrid D. Hambly. January,
1930. 226 pages, 42 plates, 4 maps. 1.50
Ethnology of Melanesia. By Albert B. Lewis. February,
1932. 210 pages, 64 plates, 2 maps. 1.75
Ethnology of Polynesia and Micronesia. By Ralph Linton.
December, 1926. 192 pages, 14 plates, 59 text-figures,
1 map. .35
Flora of the Indiana Dunes. By Donald C. Peattie. May,
1930. 432 pages, 38 text-figures, 1 map. 2.00
North American Trees. By Samuel J. Record. September,
1934. 120 pages, 84 text-figures. .50
Amphibians and Reptiles of the Chicago Area. By Clifford
H. Pope. December, 1944. 276 pages, 6 colored plates,
6 halftone plates, 50 text-figures. 1.75

Design Series
1 Block Prints from India for Textiles. By A. B. Lewis.
24 plates, 2 of which are in colors, 2 text-figures. Feb-
ruary, 1924. .50
2 Javanese Batik Designs from Metal Stamps. By A. B.
Lewis. 24 plates, 2 of which are in colors, 2 text-figures.
September, 1924. .50
3 Chinese Baskets. By Berthold Laufer. 38 plates and
preface of 2 pages, in carton. December, 1925. 1.25
4 Decorative Art of New Guinea. By A. B. Lewis. 52
plates, preface of 2 pages, 2 text-figures. April, 1926. .75
5 Carved and Painted Designs from New
Guinea. By A.
B. Lewis. 52 plates, preface of 3 pages. January, 1931. 1.25
 BEQUESTS
Bequests to the Chicago Natural History Museum may be made
money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take
in securities,
the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the
giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the
following form is suggested:

FORM OF BEQUEST
I do hereby give and bequeath to the Chicago Natural History
Museum of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois

Cash contributions made within the taxable year to the Chicago

Natural History Museum to an amount not in excess of 15
per cent of the taxpayer’s net income are allowable as deductions
in computing net income for federal income tax purposes.

Endowments may be made to the Museum with the provision

thatan annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetime.
These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in amount,
and may reduce federal income taxes.

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS