ISSN: 0974-5823 Vol. 6 No.

3 October-December, 2021

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering

ANALYSING SMART SECURITY AND

MONITORING DEVICE USING IOT AND
MANUAL METHOD FOR AGRICULTURE
S. Ashokkumar
Department of Agriculture Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India.

R. Divyadharshini
Department of Agriculture Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India.

R. Jeyaprakash*
Department of Agriculture Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India.
Mail Id: [email protected]

Thirumaran J
Department of Pharmaceutics, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India.

Introduction:-
Abstract: In countries like India, Agriculture is the main
occupation and the farmers involved in the agricultural
Agriculture is a process of harvesting any raw materials productivity are the backbone. About 22% of total country’s
by cultivating plants, livestock farming is an activity Gross Domestic Product GDP value includes agricultural
associated with growing up domestic animals for human production. The net cultivated area is around 142.5 million
needs. The agriculture sector being the backbone of ha, in a total of 329 million ha of land cover. Nearly 70% of
Indian economy, we have to consider some challenges countries resident belongs to its villages or rural areas, and
such as security and maintenance. The need for smart the majority of them having agriculture as their livelihood
technology now a days in real time problem sensing activities. Providing solutions to their problems associated
security system is in its peak demand. Technologies like in the farming is the responsibility of each individual, IOT
Internet of Things (IOT) and wireless sensor networks the latest emerging internet technology is one of the best
can be integrated with traditional methods of agriculture technologies which can be used for the above needs. Over
to invade modernization. This necessity in current the past years information and production and
situation brings the invention of IOT based machines to transportation. Wireless sensor networks(WSNs) can be
sense, analyze and transmit the real time data to its user. defined as self configured infrastructure less wireless
It can be installed in agricultural fields, and easily networks to monitor physical and environmental condition
monitored or controlled from any remote locations. This such as temperature, moisture, humidity, rainfall, nutrient
article is oriented to emphasize the methods measure the content .To monitor the farms in the field using the concept
temperature, water level, moisture such problems. The of IoT. In existing method we use technology of GSM to
scripting language used for the functioning of sensors monitor the farms through the messages. Here all the farms
and electronic device is python. The device can be used are noted by the sensors and notifications are sent through
to deliver the live notification based on the processing the GSM which cost more. Here message charge also has
and information analysis in the absence of human efforts been calculated and its problem when there is no signal in
and also without using manual methods. For example, that area. In this method that obtainable to involve in
lifting water by different manual method is physically monitoring the crop growth and agricultural field and has to
strenuous. be debate. The application of technological tools in common
content areas like school and college education is to allow
Keywords: - IoT, Wireless sensor network, Agriculture students to learn technology integration and to apply their
modernization, Wifi module. problem-solving skills. Technologies like Internet of Things
(IOT) and wireless sensor networks can be integrated with
traditional methods can lead to agricultural remodeling. The

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering

1000
basic building blocks of an IoT systems are Sensors, the soil. Moisture sensor which is used to measure the
processors and applications. The sensors confederated with moisturizing level of the soil. Rain switch or Rain sensor is
micro controller ,data from the sensor is displayed on the a sensor which gets activated by rainfall and it is a water
mobile app of the user. conservation tool attached to the automatic irrigation
system. NPK sensor is used to judge the fertility of a soil by
METHODOLOGY measuring the percentage of Nitrogen, Phosphorous,
Generally, traditional methods are said to be any Potassium present in the soil.
culture, or a tradition followed for a while, which are
transferred from one generation to another. This transfer of MATERIALS
knowledge periodically invaded by small advancement and Arduino uno board, NPK Sensor, Moisture
modernization to form a modified new technology. In this Sensor, Temprature Sensor, LCD Display, WIFI Module,
term of security characteristic sensor is used to temperature, pump 1.
moisture, rainfall, humidity ,nutrient content of the soil here
the Temperature sensor used to monitor the temperature of

BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY LCD DISPLAY

NPK SENSOR ARDUINO UNO

WIFI MODULE
MOISTURE SENSOR (ATMEGA328)

TEMPERATURE SENSOR PUMP 1

Block Diagram
ARDUINO UNO computer system. Arduino UNO is a flexible, open source,
Arduino Open-Source Single Board Computer easy-to-programmable and low-cost microcontroller board
Board, It can be used to supply the power supply to the that can be incorporated into a range of electronic design.
board and can act as a serial device to connect the board to a

Arduino UNO board

POWER SUPPLY rate throughout the load depots irrespective of AC mains
The Arduino UNO board can be powered via USB load variations or fluctuations.
connection or with an external power supply. The power
source is selected automatically. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
A temperature sensor is used to measure the real
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY time temperature of the device through electrical signals.
An electronic circuit that is designed to regulated The sensor consists of two metals, which generate an
power supply by providing a constant DC voltage of fixed internal resistance or drop in electrical voltage once it
notices any change in the system temperature.

8 DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor Module

SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR Soil Moisture Sensor (SMS) is used to determine

the moisture content in soil near to active root zone in an

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering

1001
irrigation system before each scheduled event and cancel the between the electrodes are measured. As the soil moisture or
irrigation cycle if the moisture is above field capacity water used by plants decreases, water is drawn from the
(depends on type of soil and crop). The sensor with two sensor and resistance increases. On the other hand, as the
electrodes is set at point A and B, a small charge is passed soil moisture increases, the resistance decreases.
on one electrode of the sensor and electrical resistance

SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

NPK SENSOR: of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium present in the soil.
The soil NPK sensor is used to determine the Apply NPK fertilizers @40:20:40 Kg/acre. Apply 1/3 of N,
fertility of a given soil sample by measuring the percentage entire P and 60% of K as basal does at the time of planting.

NPK SENSOR
MOTOR DRIVE: consists of 16 pins, 8 for 1 motor and capable of controlling
The working speed and direction of motors are two motors simultaneously. L293D is designed to offer
controlled by a module called motor drive. In this project a bidirectional drive currents at voltages varying from 5 V to
motor driver is developed based on L293D IC. Which 36 V.

MOTOR DRIVE
LCD DISPLAY (CRT). LCD takes over the display industry replacing CRT
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) are used to display the and being used in very common applications like digital
readings, having advantage of thinner display and less watches, computers, DVD and CD players.
power consumption comparing to Cathode Ray Tubes

LCD DISPLAY

WI-FI MODULE development. Its high level of on-chip assimilation permits

Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266) is a self-controlled SOC for very low outside circuitry, with the front-end module to
with unified TCP/IP protocol chip that can allow any occupy negligible PCB area. The Wi-Fi Module supports
microcontroller unit to access your Wi-Fi network. The Bluetooth co-existence interfaces and APSD for VoIP
ESP8266 can either host a Wi-Fi signal or offload any Wi-Fi applications, it also contains a self-calibrated RF permitting
networking functions from another module within the range. it to run in all operating conditions without any external RF
This module is used to perform heavy on-board processing parts. ESP8266 are applied in Wi-Fi location-aware devices,
and storage ability that allows it to be included with the Smart power plugs, Industrial wireless control, home
sensors and other function oriented gadgets through its automation, and Security ID tags.
GPIOs with minimal runtime loading and minimal up-front

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering

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 WIFI Module

WATER PUMP MOTOR: pressure in order to pump it from one place to

A water pump is used to increase the water another.

DC PUMPING MOTOR

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Water

we use the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) to Step 1: Prepare the Seeds Soak the onion seeds in water for
monitor all the sensors in the farm. Here we use internet for one day. Drain and keep them in the open for the next 2-3
monitoring all the sensors. By this process we are able to days. Later, sow the seeds in the soil in a tray.
monitor all sensors and motor condition continuously Step 2: Demarcate Space to Grow the Plant & get the Soil
through the internet. Here we get the response back from the Ready The seeds take about 6-8 weeks to sprout. In the
internet weather device has switched on or switched off and meanwhile, prepare the place where you intend to sow the
also the status of the device is continuously noted in the saplings. It could be your balcony, backyard or a grow bag.
server and it can be utilized through the internet You will need fertilizers to nourish the plant. While farmers
use cow dung, urea, ‘Rajphos’ and potash, you can avoid
ANALYZING going down the chemical route and use organic fertilizer
Onions are a much-loved bulb of the Indian instead. Buy them here.
subcontinent. Eaten raw, cooked in gravies, stews and Step 3: Keep an Eye on the Tray demarcate space to grow
soups, it is hard to imagine a dining table spread without this the plant & get the soil ready Monitor the saplings on the
versatile vegetable. Onions are easy to grow and do not need tray. Water regularly to ensure the soil is moist to facilitate
a lot of space. But before we get into the process, here are growth. Once the saplings in your tray sprout, plant them in
some pointers for you to keep in mind, Onions need cool the demarcated space.
and pleasant weather without humidity and rain. Thus, the Step 4: Ensure the Saplings Are Sown in Rows These have
best time to grow onions is between November and to be 15 cm apart. So the bulbs have enough space to grow
February. Any open space or even a container can be used and not hinder each other’s growth.
for growing the bulb. But ensure that the soil is fertile and Step 5: The Crop Will Be Ready for Harvest in Four to Five
porous. Months & demarcate space to grow the plant & get the soil
Method of cultivation 1 – Growing onions in your field ready You will know that the plant is ready when the tops of
Onion seeds: source them from a nursery or buy them onions are visible above the soil. Once the leaves begin to
online. shrivel, you can pull out the bulbs from the soil.
Tray Step 6: Once Harvested, Pile the Harvested Onions with the
Grow bags Leaves Leave them for three days. Then, cut off the leaves
Organic fertilizers one centi metre from the bulbs. The leaves too can be
Cow dung cooked. Once they are left under mild sunlight to dry.

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 Method 2: Sprout Brand New Onions From Old Bulbs

Step 1: Select a Container & demarcate space to grow the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
plant & get the soil ready Ensure it is six inches deep. The The device is integrated with all the above sensors
width can be decided based on how many onions you want in the board. The hardware components include the
to grow. Use a tub as a container if required. microcontroller, DC motor, ADC converter, LCD, WIFI
Step 2: Add Soil Fill the container with soil enriched with module, water pump and all the discussed sensors. A GSM
manure and compost. Leave about 1-inch space at the top. SIM card is inserted, which is used to send the recorded
Step 3: Use the Starter Onion Bulb From Leftover Cooking values to the owner and receive the command. The figure
Scraps & demarcate space to grow the plant & get the soil shows the temperature, soil moisture condition and the
ready This refers to the root part of the onion. Though intruder detection. The Android Application developed in
discarded when cooking, save this part and and use it to the mobile phone sends the second result based on the
grow onions. output from these values. The system can define the
Step 4: Plant the Onion Bulb About 2 Inches Deep Into the humidity, temperature, moisture and the intruder detection.
Soil Dig a 2-inch deep pit. Place the bulb inside. Then, Here we showed the onion bulbs , using sensors we monitor
cover the bulb with soil and add water till the soil is moist. the health& growth of the crop its comes well with high
yield when compared to manual method.

CONCLUSION REFERENCES
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