Words·Language·Culture

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1
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1 Word Root

secure [si'kjuə] adj. vt.

decade ['dekeɪd] n.

justice ['dʒʌstɪs] n.
advise [əd'vaiz] vt.

2 “ ” “ ” “ ”

“ ”

super- supermarket [‘suːpəmɑːkɪt] n.

sub- subway [‘sʌbweɪ] n.
in- input [‘ɪnpʊt] vt.
ex- exit [‘eksɪt] n.

“ ”

enlarge [ɪn’lɑːdʒ] vt.&vi.

confirm [kən’fɜːm] vt.
assure [ə'ʃʊə; ə’ʃɔː] vt.
beloved [bɪ’lʌvɪd] adj.

“
”

same [seɪm] adj.

-sim-, -sem-, -sym-

similar [‘sɪmɪlə] adj.

simulate [‘sɪmjʊleɪt] vt.
The model will be used to simulate the movements of an earthquake.

simulation [,sɪmjʊ’leɪʃən] n.
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simultaneously [,sɪml’teɪnɪəslɪ] adv.

The game will be broadcast simultaneously on TV and radio.

seem [siːm] vi.

resemble [rɪ’zemb(ə)l] vt. re-
She resembles her elder sister.

assemble [ə’semb(ə)l] vt.&vi. as-

All the students were asked to assemble in the hall.

symbol [‘sɪmb(ə)l] n.
The eagle is a symbol of the United States.

symphony [‘sɪmf(ə)nɪ] n.

simple [‘sɪmp(ə)l] adj.

some [sʌm;səm] adj.

ball [bɔːl] n.

balloon [bə’luːn] n.
belly [‘belɪ] n. vt.
belt [belt] n.
seatbelt [si:tbelt] n.
bull [bʊl] n. vi.
bullet [‘bʊlɪt] n.
ballot [‘bælət] n.
bill [bɪl] n.
pay the bill

bulletin [‘bʊlɪtɪn] n.
boil [bɒɪl] vi.
bell [bel] n.

blood [blʌd] n.

bleed [bliːd] vi.

food [fuːd] n.
feed [fiːd] vt.
feedback [‘fiːdbæk] n.
The teacher will give you feedback on the test.

sit [sɪt] vi.

seat [siːt] n.
set [set] vt.
set the table set a goal

settle [‘set(ə)l] vt.&vi.

This problem is already settled.

cheek [tʃiːk] n.
choke [tʃəʊk] vt.&vi.
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Fish and seabirds will mistake plastic for food and choke to death.

chew [tʃuː] n.
chewing gum

school [skuːl] n.

scholar [‘skɒlə] n.
scholarship [‘skɒləʃɪp] n.

found [faʊnd] vt.

This company was founded in 2002. 2002

founder [‘faʊndə(r)] n.
foundation [faʊn’deɪʃ(ə)n] n.
fund [fʌnd] n.
The concert will raise funds for the earthquake.

refund [ˈriːfʌnd] n. re-

No refund for tickets sold.

fundamental [fʌndə’ment(ə)l] adj. n.

intuition [,intju:'iʃən] n.

tuition [tju:'iʃən] n.
tutor ['tju:tə] n.
tutorial [tjuː’tɔːrɪəl] n.

fact [fækt] n.

-fact-=-fect-=fict-=-fic-

affect [ə'fekt] vt. af-

That experience has affected him deeply.

affection [ə'fekʃən] n.
I have great affection for my hometown.

effect [i'fekt] n. ef-=ex-

This pill has many side effects.

effective [i'fektiv] adj.

infect [in'fekt] vt. in-

Many people were infected by this virus.

infectious [in'fekʃəs] adj.

perfect [‘pə:fikt; pə'fekt] adj. vt. per-

fiction ['fikʃən] n.
Sci-Fi Science Fiction

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efficient [i'fiʃənt] adj.

He works very efficiently.

efficiency [i'fiʃənsi] n.

office [‘ɔfis] n.
officer [‘ɔfisə] n.
official [ə’fiʃəl] adj. n.
sacrifice ['sækrifais] vt. n.
sacred [‘seɪkrɪd] adj.
artificial [,ɑ:ti'fiʃəl] adj.
artificial intelligence AI

deep [di:p] adj.

dip [dip] vt.

He dipped the brush into the paint.

drop [drɔp] vt.&vi. n.

drip [drip] vt.&vi. n.

Water was dripping down the walls.

gather ['ɡæðə] vt.&vi.

together [tə'ɡeðə] adv.

turn [tə:n] vt.&vi. n.

return [ri'tə:n] vt. vi. n.

overturn [,əuvə'tə:n] vt.&vi.
He overturned the glass of wine.

disturb [dis'tə:b] vt.

I don’t want to be disturbed when reading.
disturbance [di'stə:bəns] n.
tour [tuə] n.
tourist ['tuərist] n.

middle ['midl] adj. n.

medium [‘mi:diəm] adj.
media [‘miːdɪə] n.
intermediate [,intə'mi:dieit] adj.
medieval [ˌmediˈi:vl] adj.
immediate [i'mi:diət] adj.
immediate reaction

letter ['letə] n.

literacy ['litərəsi] n.
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literary ['litərəri] adj.

literary journal

literally ['litərəli] adv.

When your mother finds out what you did, she’s gonna kill you, literally!

literature ['litərətʃə] n.
illiterate [i'litərət] adj.

fail [feil] vt.&vi.

failure ['feiljə] n.
fall [fɔ:l] vi. n.
false [fɔ:ls] adj.
fault [fɔ:lt] n.

lack [læk] n. vt.&vi.

Despite his lack of experience, he still got the job.

leak [li:k] vt.&vi. n.

gas leak

lake [leik] n.

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2
——

3 [p] [b]; [t] [d]; [k] [g]

1. [p] [b]

purse [pɜːs] n. ( )
burse [bɜːs] n.
reimburse [,riːɪm’bɜːs] vt.
We’ll reimburse your traveling expenses.

describe [dɪ’skraɪb] vt. de-

description [dɪ’skrɪpʃ(ə)n] n.
script [skrɪpt] n.
movie script

subscribe [səb’skraɪb] vi. sub-

subscription [səb’skrɪpʃ(ə)n] n.
subscriber [səb’skraɪbə(r)] n.

prescribe [prɪ’skraɪb] vt. pre-

prescription [prɪ’skrɪpʃ(ə)n] n.

2. [t] [d]

bend [bend] vt.&vi.

The trees were bending in the wind.

bent [bent] adj.

hut [hʌt] n.

hide [haɪd] vt.

found [faʊnd vt.

fountain [ˈfaʊntən] n.

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sweet [swiːt] adj.

persuade [pə’sweɪd] vt. per-

The salesman persuaded me to buy their product.

sit [sɪt] vi.

president [‘prezɪd(ə)nt] n. pre-

residence ['rezidəns] n. re-
resident ['rezidənt] n.
local resident

3. [k] [g]

action [ˈækʃn] n.

agent [ˈeɪdʒənt] n.
agency [ˈeɪdʒənsi] n.
agenda [əˈdʒendə] n.
agitate [ˈædʒɪteɪt] vt.
1 Agitate the water gently with your finger.
2 The workers are agitating for better conditions.

angle [‘æŋg(ə)l] n.

ankle [‘æŋk(ə)l] n.
anchor [‘æŋkə] n.
triangle [‘traɪæŋg(ə)l] n.
rectangle [‘rektæŋg(ə)l] n.
right [raɪt] adj.

angry [‘æŋgrɪ] adj.

anxious [‘æŋ(k)ʃəs] adj.

anxiety [æŋ’zaɪətɪ] n.
anguish [‘æŋgwɪʃ] n.
Tears of anguish filled her eyes.

drag [dræɡ] vt.

track [træk] n. vt.&vi.

tractor ['træktə] n.
trace [treis] n. vt.&vi.
1 There’s no trace of the criminal on the scene.
2 The police finally traced his address.

attract [ə'trækt] vt.

attractive [ə'træktiv] adj.
distract [dis'trækt] vt. dis-
Don’t let anything distract your study.

extract [ˈekstrækt] vt. ex-

abstract ['æbstrækt] adj. abs-=ab-

2 [f] [v]; [s] [z]

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4. [f] [v]

believe [bɪ’liːv] vt.

belief [bɪ’liːf] n.

relieve [rɪ’liːv] vt. re- lieve=lift=light

I’m so relieved to hear this.

relief [rɪ’liːf] n.
lift [lɪft] vt.
loft [lɒft] n.
elevate [‘elɪveɪt] vt.
elevator [‘elɪveɪtə] n.

achieve [ə’tʃiːv] vt. a-=ad-

chief [tʃiːf] n. adj. cap

Chief Executive Officer

chef [ʃef] n.

grave [greɪv] n. graph

grief [griːf] n.
grieve [griːv] vi.
I don’t have time to grieve.

gravity [ˈgrævətɪ] n.
aggravate [‘ægrəveɪt] vt.
Her questions aggravated him.

5. [s] [z]

advice [əd’vaɪs] n.

advise [əd’vaɪz] vt.

fence / fense [fens] n.

defence / defense [dɪ’fens] n.

price [praɪs] n.

prize [praɪz] n.
praise [preiz] vt. n.
appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit] vt.
I appreciate your help.

precious ['preʃəs] adj.

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1. [p] [b]

people [‘piːp(ə)l] n.

public ['pʌblik] adj. n.

publication [,pʌbli'keiʃən] n.
publish ['pʌbliʃ] vt.&vi.
publicity [pʌb'lisiti] n.
pub [pʌb] n. public house

bible [‘baibl] n. Holy Bible

paper [‘peɪpə] n.
bibliography [,bɪblɪ’ɒgrəfɪ] n.

2. [t] [d]

mind [maɪnd] n.

remind [rɪˈmaɪnd] vt.

simple-minded [ˈsɪmp(ə)l maɪndɪ] adj.
mental [ˈmentl] adj.
mentally [ˈmentəlɪ] adv.
mentor [ˈmentɔ:(r)] n. vt.
mention [ˈmenʃn] vt.
He didn’t mention anything to me.

comment [ˈkɑ:ment] vt. n. com- come

3. [k] [g]

acre [‘eɪkə] n. 4000

agriculture [‘ægrɪkʌltʃə] n.
agricultural [æɡrɪ’kʌltʃərəl] adj.

corn [kɔ:n] n. popcorn

grain [ɡrein] n.
grow [ɡrəu] vt.&vi.
grown-up adj. n.
growth [ɡrəuθ] n.
group [ɡru:p] n.
crop [krɔp] n. ( )
crowd [kraud] n. vt.&vi.

1. [f] [v]

brief [briːf] adj.

brevity [‘brevɪtɪ] n.
Brevity is the soul of wit. Hamlet

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abbreviation [əbriːvɪ’eɪʃ(ə)n] n.

receive [ri'si:v] v. re- -ceive-=-cept-

receipt [ri'si:t] n.

2. [s] [z]

question ['kwestʃən] n. v. …

quiz [kwɪz] n.

erase [i'reiz] v. e-=ex- -ras-

razor ['reizə] n.

freeze [fri:z] v.

frost [frɔst] n.

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3
——

b, d, p, m, f

father, mother
papa, mama
daddy, mommy

father [‘fɑːðə] n. n.

paternal [pə’tɜːn(ə)l] adj.

paternal grandparents

patriot [‘peɪtrɪət] n.
patriotism [‘peɪtrɪətɪz(ə)m] n.
patron ['peitrən] n.
He is the patron of many artists.

pattern ['pætən] n.
a shirt with a floral pattern.

pope [pəʊp] n. papa

mother [‘mʌðə] n.

maternal [mə’tɜːn(ə)l] adj.

matter [‘mætə] n. vi.
It doesn’t matter.

material [mə’tɪərɪəl] n.
mature [mə’tʃʊə] adj.

1. b f

break [breik] vt. vi. ( ) n.

brake [breik] n. ( ) vi.

brick [brik] n.
breach [bri:tʃ] vt. n.
breach an agreement

branch [bræntʃ] n. ( ) ( )

fragile ['frædʒail] adj. f=b, g=c

fragment ['fræɡmənt] n.
fraction ['frækʃən] n.
fracture ['fræktʃə] n.

2. p f

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foot [fʊt] n.

-ped-=-pod-

pedal [‘ped(ə)l] n.
pedicure [‘pedɪkjʊə] n. cure
pedestrian [pɪˈdestrɪən] n.
expedition [ekspɪ’dɪʃ(ə)n] n.
centipede [‘sentɪpiːd] n. -cent-
impede [ɪm’piːd] vt. im-=in-
Working on the building was impeded by bad weather.

octopus [‘ɒktəpəs] n. octo-

tripod [‘traɪpɒd] n.
podium [‘pəʊdɪəm] n.

3. p(f) m

telegram ['teliɡræm] n. tele- gram=graph

telegraph [‘teliɡræf] n.
grammar ['ɡræmə] n.
gram [ɡræm] n.
carve [kɑ:v] vt.&vi. ( ) c=g v=ph
kilogram [ˈkɪləɡræm] n.
kilometer [kɪˈlɒmɪtə] n.

graph [ɡræf] n.
graphic ['ɡræfik] adj.
computer graphics CG
geography [dʒɪ’ɒgrəfɪ] n.
biography [baɪ’ɒgrəfɪ] n.
biology [baɪ’ɒlədʒɪ] n.

c, g h

accord [ə'kɔ:d] n. vt.

heart [hɑ:t] n.

guest [ɡest] n.
host [həust] n.

hostage ['hɔstidʒ] n.
custody [‘kʌstədɪ] n.
Who will have the custody of the child?

hospital ['hɔspitəl] n.
hospitality [,hɔspi’tæləti] n.
hostile [‘hɔstəl] adj.
The speaker got a hostile reaction from the audience.

c, s, ch, sh

advice [əd’vaɪs] n.
advise [əd’vaɪz] vt.

device [dɪ’vaɪs] n.

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devise [dɪ’vaɪz] vt.

Devise a new instrument.

camp [kæmp] n.

campus ['kæmpəs] n.
campaign [kæm’peɪn] n. vi.
champion [‘tʃæmpɪən] n.

carve [kɑ:v] vt.&vi. ( )

share [ʃeə] vt.

sharp [ʃɑːp] adj.

fluency [‘fluːənsɪ] n.

flush [flʌʃ] vt.

g, w G( Gu) W

drag [dræɡ] vt.

draw [drɔː] vt. n.
He was waving his hands to draw attention.

drawing ['drɔ:iŋ] n.
drawer [drɔ:(r)] n.
drawback ['drɔ:bæk] n.

gulf [gʌlf] n.

engulf [ɪn’gʌlf vt.

He was engulfed by a crowd of reporters.

wolf [wʊlf] n. vt.

whelm [welm] vt.&vi.
We whelm with tears at this moment.

overwhelming [,ovɚ’welmɪŋ] adj.

The party won an overwhelming victory.

t, d, s

wise [waɪz] adj.

vision [‘vɪʒ(ə)n] n.
wit [wɪt] n.
guide [gaɪd] n. vt.
disguise [dɪsˈgaɪz] n. vt.
a blessing in disguise

force [fɔ:rs] vt. n.

air force
forge [fɔ:rdʒ] vt.
forge someone’s signature
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comfort [ˈkʌmfərt] vt. n.

effort [ˈefərt] n. ef-=ex-

b, p f

flat [flæt] adj. n.

plate [pleit] n.
platform ['plætfɔ:m] n.
field ['fi:ld] n. ( )
explain [ik'splein] vt.&vi.
explanation [,eksplə'neiʃən] n.
plain [plein] adj. n.

fantasy [‘fæntəsɪ] n. “ ”

fancy [‘fænsɪ] adj.

fancy restaurant

phantom [‘fæntəm] n.
Phantom of the Opera

found [faʊnd vt.

bottom [‘bɒtəm] n.

please [pliːz] vt.

flatter [‘flætə] vt.

c, g h

huddle [‘hʌd(ə)l] vi.

Tired and lost, we huddled together.

cuddle [‘kʌd(ə)l] vt.

He cuddled the newborn girl.

c, s, ch, sh

licence [‘laɪsəns] n.

license [‘laɪsns] vt.

chill [tʃɪl] vt.&vi. adj.

Chill out!

cool [kuːl] adj.

cold [kəʊld] adj.

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care [keə] n. vi.

charity [‘tʃærɪtɪ] n.
cherish [‘tʃerɪʃ] vt.

case [keɪs] n. ——

chance [tʃæns] n.
cash [kæʃ] n. vt. ( )
cashier [kæ'ʃiə] n.

chart [tʃɑːt] n.

shear [ʃɪə] vt.

shave [ʃeɪv] vt.&vi.

g, w

guard [gɑ:rd] vt. n.

ward [wɔ:rd] vt. n.

guarantee [ˌgærənˈti:] vt.
warranty [ˈwɔ:rənti] n.

gain [geɪn] vt. n.

win [wɪn] vt.&vi.

t, d, s

pass [pæs] vt. n.

Boarding Pass
path [pæθ] n.
surpass [sərˈpæs] vt. sur-=super-
compass [ˈkʌmpəs] n.
trespass [ˈtrespəs] vi. n. tres-=trans-
passenger [ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)] n.
passer-by [ˌpæsərˈbaɪ] n.

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4
——

m, n

com-=con- “ ” “ ”

1. “ ”

pair [peə] n.
compare [kəm’peə] vt.

press [pres] vt.

compress [kəm’pres] vt.&vi.
Can you compress your speech into five minutes? ?

promise [‘prɒmɪs] vt. n.

compromise [‘kɒmprəmaɪz] vt.&vi. n.
Don’t compromise on this.

accept [əkˈsept] vt. -cept-

except [ɪkˈsept] vt. ……
concept [‘kɒnsept] n.
capture [‘kæptʃə] vt.
The hunter captured a lion and sold it to the zoo.

captive [‘kæptɪv] n.

convention [kən'venʃən] n. -vent-=went=go

hold a convention

conventional [kən'venʃənəl] adj.

conventional behavior

adventure [əd’ventʃə] n. ad-

convenience [kən'vi:njəns] n. con-=com-
convenient [kən'vi:njənt] adj.

front [frʌnt] n. adj. adv.

confront [kən’frʌnt] vt.
We must confront the future with optimism.

frontier [‘frʌntɪə] n.

2. “ ”

compass [‘kʌmpəs] n.
comment [ˈkɑ:ment] vt. n.
expense [ɪk’spens] n.
compensate [‘kɒmpenseɪt] vt.

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Nothing can compensate the loss of life.

centre [‘sentə] n.
concentrate [‘kɒns(ə)ntreɪt] vt.&vi.
conclude [kən'klu:d] vt.&vi. clude=close
conclusion [kən'klu:ʒən] n.

l, m, n, r il-, im-, in-, ir-

legal [‘liːg(ə)l] adj.

illegal [ɪ’liːg(ə)l] adj.

possible [‘pɒsɪb(ə)l] adj.

impossible [ɪm’pɒsɪb(ə)l] adj.

correct [kə’rekt] adj.

incorrect [ɪnkə’rekt] adj.

responsible [rɪ’spɒnsɪb(ə)l] adj.

irresponsible [ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl] adj.

u, v, w w=double u

way [wei] n.

subway ['sʌbwei] n.
convey [kən'vei] vt.
What does your smile convey?

voyage ['vɔiidʒ] n.
vehicle ['vi:ikl] n. -icle article, particle
via ['vaiə] prep.
He did some research via computer.

trivia [ˈtrɪviə] n.
trivial ['triviəl] adj.
trivial details

previous ['pri:vjəs] adj.

No previous experience is needed for the job.

wagon ['wæɡən] n.
weigh [wei] v. …
weight [weit] n.

wide [waɪd] adj.

divide [di'vaid] v.
division [di'viʒən] n.
individual [,indi'vidʒəl] adj. n.
widow ['widəu] n.
inevitable [in'evitəbl] adj. in- e-=ex- -vit-=wide

evolution [evə’lu:ʃən] n.

evolve [i'vɔlv] vt.&vi.

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revolution [,revə’lju:ʃən] n.
revolutionary [,revə'lju:ʃənəri] adj.
revolve [ri’vɔlv] vt.&vi.
volume ['vɔlju:m] n.

b d bi=di=dis

bilingual [baɪ’lɪŋgw(ə)l] adj. n.

bilingual education

lingual [‘lɪŋgw(ə)l] adj.

language [‘læŋgwɪdʒ] n.
linguist [‘lɪŋgwɪst] n.
linguistics [lɪŋ’gwɪstɪks] n.

bicycle [‘baɪsɪkl] n.

biceps [‘baɪseps] n. -cep-=-cap-

combine [kəm’baɪn] vt.
million [‘mɪljən] n.
billion [‘bɪljən] n.
balance [‘bæl(ə)ns] n.

dilemma [dɪ’lemə] n.

divide [di'vaid] v.
double [‘dʌb(ə)l] adj.
doubt [daʊt] n. vt.
duet [djuː’et] n.

g y

garden [‘gɑːd(ə)n] n.
yard [jɑrd] n.

r n

clear [klɪə] adj.

clean [kliːn] adj.

w m

sow [səʊ] vt.&vi.

semen [‘siːmən] n.

r, s, t r s t s homorganic

-quest-=-quir-

question ['kwestʃən] n. v. …

questionnaire [ˌkwestʃəˈneə(r)] n.
acquisition [,ækwi'ziʃən] n.
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require [ri'kwaiə] vt. Re-

To do this requires some time and patience.

requirement [ri'kwaiəmənt] n.
acquire [ə'kwaiə] vt. ac-=ad-
acquire knowledge

enquire [in'kwaiə] vt.&vi.

He enquired her name.

inquiry (enquiry) [in'kwaiəri] n.

glass [ɡlæs] n. (pl. )

glare [ɡlεə] vi. n.

The old woman glared at him.

glitter ['ɡlitə] vi. n.

All that glitters is not gold.

glance [ɡlæns] vi. n.

He glanced at his watch.

glimpse [ɡlimps] n.
a glimpse into the ocean life.

m, n

common ['kɔmən] adj. -mon-=-mun-

commonplace ['kɔmənpleis] adj. n.

commonwealth ['kɔmənwelθ] n.
communism ['kɔmjunizəm] n.
community [kə'mju:niti] n.

congress ['kɔŋɡres] n. ( ) ( ) con-=com-

progress [prəu’ɡres] n.
grade [ɡreid] n.
gradual ['ɡrædʒuəl] adj.
graduate ['ɡrædʒueit] vi. n.
postgraduate [pəʊs(t)’grædjʊət] n. post-
upgrade [‘ʌpɡreid] vt.
aggressive [ə'ɡresiv] adj.
These fish are very aggressive.

confirm [kən'fə:m] vt. con-

You then have to confirm one more time.

firm ['fə:m] adj. n.

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u, v, w

innovation [,inəu'veiʃən] n. in- -nov-=new

novel ['nɔvəl] n. ( )
news [nu:z] n.
renew [ri'nu:] vt.

solve [sɔlv] vt.

solution [sə'lju:ʃən] n.
resolve [ri'zɔlv] vt.
We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late. ,

resolution [,rezə'lu:ʃən] n.
absolute ['æbsəlju:t] adj.
dissolve [di'zɔlv] vt.&vi.

b d

bimonthly [baɪ’mʌnθlɪ] adj.

biannual [baɪ’ænjʊəl] adj.

annual [‘ænjʊəl adj.
anniversary [ænɪ’vɜːs(ə)rɪ] n.

dialog [‘daɪəlɒɡ] n.

dioxide [daɪ’ɒksaɪd] n.

r, s, t

possible ['pɔsɪb(ə)l] adj.

possibly [ˈpɔsəbli] adv.

possibility [,pɔsɪ'bɪlɪtɪ] n.
impossible [ɪm'pɔsɪb(ə)l] adj.

potential [pəˈtenʃ(ə)l] adj. n.

just [dʒʌst] ad. adj.

justice [‘dʒʌstɪs] n.
justify ['dʒʌstifai] vt.&vi. …… ……
adjust [ə'dʒʌst] vt. vi. to
judge [dʒʌdʒ] n. vt.
judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n.

jury ['dʒuəri] n.

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5
——

across [ə'krɔ:s] prep. adv.

cross [krɔ:s] n. ( )
crucial ['kru:ʃəl] adj.
It is crucial that we get this right.

cruise [kru:z] vt.&vi. n.

cruise ship

Christmas [ˈkrɪsməs] n.
Christ [kraɪst] n.
Jesus Christ!

Christian [ˈkrɪstʃən] n.
church [tʃə:tʃ] n.

charisma [kə'rɪzmə] n.
The president has great personal charisma.

charismatic [kærɪz’mætɪk] adj.

holiday [‘hɒlɪdeɪ] n.

holy [‘həʊlɪ] adj.

whole [həʊl] adj.
hail [heɪl] vt.
This meeting was hailed as a great success.

heal [hiːl] vt.&vi.

It will take a long time for the wounds to heal.

health [helθ] n.

passion [ˈpæʃn] n.

He spoke with great passion.

passionate [ˈpæʃənət] adj.

passive [ˈpæsɪv] adj.

pathetic [pəˈθetɪk] adj.

You’re pathetic!

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sympathy [ˈsɪmpəθi] n. sym-=same

We expressed our sympathy for her loss.

apathy [ˈæpəθi] n. a-
Smile can dissolve apathy and pass warmth.

telepathy [təˈlepəθi] n. tele-

The Muses 9

music [‘mjuːzɪk] n.
amusing [ə’mjuːzɪŋ] adj.
amusement [ə’mjuːzm(ə)nt] n.
museum [mjuː’zɪəm] n.
mosaic [mə(ʊ)’zeɪɪk] n.

astronaut [ˈæstrənɔːt] n.
astro=aster

star [stɑː(r)] n.
astronomy [əˈstrɔnəmɪ] n.
astronomer [əˈstrɔnəmə(r)] n.
astrology [ə’strɒlədʒɪ] n.

disaster [dɪzˈæstər] n.

consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)] vt.&vi.

considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] adj.
consideration [kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n.
desire [dɪˈzaɪə(r)] n. vi.
We all desire happiness and health.

catastrophe [kə’tæstrəfɪ] n.

coach [kəutʃ] n. vt.

train [trein] n. v.
training ['treiniŋ] n.

accustomed [ə'kʌstəmd] adj.

I’m not accustomed to lying.

custom ['kʌstəm] n.
customer ['kʌstəmə] n.
costume ['kɔstju:m] n. ( ) ( )

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cap [kæp] n. head

capital [ˈkæpɪtl] n.
capitalism ['kæpitəlizəm] n.
captain [ˈkæptən] n. “ ”
cape [keip] n.
escape [i'skeip] vt.&vi. n.
chapter [ˈtʃæptə(r)] n.
cabbage [ˈkæbɪdʒ] n.

achieve [ə’tʃiːv] vt.

chief [tʃiːf] n. adj.
chef [ʃef] n.

fine [fain] adj. n.

-fin-

finish ['finiʃ] n. vt.

final ['fainl] adj. n.
finally ['fainəli] adv.
finite ['fainait] adj. [ ]
infinite ['infinət] adj. n.
define [di'fain] vt. … de-
This word is hard to define.

definite ['definit] adj.

a definite answer

definition [,difi'niʃən] n. ( )

creed [kriːd] n.

heart [hɑ:t] n.
credit [‘kredɪt] n.
incredible [ɪn’kredɪb(ə)l] adj.
credential [krɪ’denʃ(ə)l] n.
grant [grɑːnt] vt.
1 My request was granted.
2 Never take other people’s help for granted.

bless [bles] vt.

blood [blʌd] n.

bible [‘baibl] n. Holy Bible

paper [‘peɪpə] n.
bibliography [,bɪblɪ’ɒgrəfɪ] n.

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chronic [‘krɒnɪk] adj. Cronos —

chronicle [‘krɒnɪk(ə)l] n.
synchronise [‘sɪŋkrənaɪz] vt.&vi. sync

opera ['ɔpərə] n. “ ”

operate ['ɔpəreit] vt.&vi.

operation [,ɔpə'reiʃən] n.
operator ['ɔpəreitə] n. ( )
cooperate [kəu'ɔpəreit] vi. co-=com-
cooperation [kəʊ,ɒpə’reɪʃ(ə)n] n.

model ['mɔdəl] n.

mode [məud] n.
commodity [kə'mɔditi] n.
modern ['mɔdən] adj. “ ”
modest ['mɔdist] adj.
modify ['mɔdifai] vt.&vi.
module [‘mɔdju:l] n.
mould [məuld] n.
accommodation [əkɒmə’deɪʃ(ə)n] n. “ ” “ ”

passport [‘pæspɔ:t] n.

-port-

port [pɔ:t] n.
import [im’pɔ:t,’impɔ:t] vt.&vi.
export [ik’spɔ:t, ‘ekspɔ:t] vt.&vi.
portable [‘pɔ:təbl] adj.
report [ri'pɔ:t] vt.&vi. n. re-
reporter [ri'pɔ:tə] n.
sport [spɔ:t] n. s-=dis-
transport [træn'spɔːt] vt. trans-

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6
——

collect [kəˈlekt] vt.

-lect-

college ['kɔlidʒ] n.
colleague ['kɔli:ɡ] n.
league [li:ɡ] n.
elect [ɪˈlekt] vt.
They’ve elected a new president for the company.

election [ɪˈlekʃn] n.
select [sɪˈlekt] vt. se-
Which one do you like to select?

selection [sɪˈlekʃn] n.
neglect [nɪˈglekt] vt. neg-=no
intelligence [in'telidʒəns] n. intel-=inter-
intelligent [in'telidʒent] adj.
intellectual [ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl] adj. n.
elegant ['eliɡənt] adj.
diligent ['dilidʒənt] adj. di-=dis-

1. online etymology dictionary: http://www.etymonline.com

2. http://www.youdict.com/ciyuan/

Nike Victoria

victory ['viktəri] n.

convict [kən'vikt] vt. ( ) … … con-

He was convicted murder and sentenced for 10 years in prison. 10

conviction [kən'vikʃən] n.
I say this with conviction.

victim ['viktim] n.
convince [kən’vɪns] vt.

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It requires a lot of talking to convince him.

province ['prɔvins] n. pro-

bar [bɑ:] n. ( )

barbecue ['bɑ:bikju:] n. vt. ( )

barber ['bɑ:bə] n.
barrel ['bærəl] n.
barrier ['bæriə] n. ( )
embarrass [im'bærəs] vt. em-=in-
I didn’t mean to embarrass you.

available [ə'veiləbl] adj. a- -vail-=value

value ['vælju:] n. vt.
valuable ['væljuəbl] adj.
evaluate [i'væljueit] vt.&vi.
valid ['vælid] adj.
invalid ['invəli:d] adj.
prevail [pri'veil] vi. pre-
Justice will prevail.

departure [di'pɑ:tʃə] n. de-=dis-

depart [di'pɑ:t] vi.

department [di'pɑ:tmənt] n.
part [pɑ:t] n.
partly ['pɑ:tli] adv.
partner ['pɑ:tnə] n.
party ['pɑ:ti] n.
apartment [ə’pɑːtm(ə)nt] n. [ ] [ ]
particular [pə'tikjulə] adj.
participate [pɑ:'tisipeit] vi. (in) -part- -cip-=-cap-
participant [pɑ:'tisipənt] n.

<The Road to Character>

“We live in a society that encourages us to think about how to have a great career but leaves many of inarticulate
about how to cultivate the inner life.”

“ ”

society [sə'saiəti] n.

social ['səuʃəl] adj.

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associate [ə'səuʃieit] vt. n. adj.

association [ə,səusi’eiʃən] n.
socialism ['səuʃəlizəm] n.

career [kə’rɪə] n.

-car-=-cur- car

carry [‘kærɪ] vt.

carrier ['kæriə] n.
current ['kʌrənt] n. adj.
currency ['kərənsi] n.

inarticulate [,ɪnɑː’tɪkjʊlət] adj.

-art-

articulate [ɑ:’tɪkjʊleɪt] adj.

She is an articulate young woman.

art [ɑːt] n.
article [‘ɑːtɪk(ə)l] n.

cultivate [‘kʌltɪveɪt] vt.

culture [‘kʌltʃə] n.
cult [kʌlt] n.
agriculture [‘ægrɪkʌltʃə] n.

care [keə] n. vi.

careful ['keəful] adj.

core [kɔ:] n.
accord [ə'kɔ:d] n. vt.
heart [hɑ:t] n.
according to
record [‘rekɔ:d; ri’kɔ:d] n. v.

recorder [ri'kɔ:də] n.

cord [kɔ:d] n. strike a chord

cordial ['kɔ:djəl] adj.
Not exactly cordial, but at least we were talking.

courage ['kʌridʒ] n.
courageous [kə’reɪdʒəs] adj.
encourage [in'kʌridʒ] vt.
discourage [dis'kʌridʒ] vt.

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cure [kjuə] vt. n.

curious ['kjuəriəs] adj.
curiosity [,kjuri'ɔsiti] n.

secure [si'kjuə] adj. vt. se-

security [si'kjuəriti] n. ( )
accuracy ['ækjurəsi] n.
accurate ['ækjurət] adj.

cargo [‘kɑːgəʊ] n.

charge [tʃɑːdʒ] vt.

carry [‘kærɪ] vt.
carrier ['kæriə] n.
carriage [‘kærɪdʒ] n. ( ) ( )
current ['kʌrənt] n. adj.
currency ['kərənsi] n.
course [kɔ:s] n.
curriculum [kə'rikjuləm] n. ( )

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