MENSURATION

&
GEOMETRY
WHAT IS MENSURATION?

Mensuration is the science of

measurement of the length of lines, areas
of surfaces and volumes of solids.
Perimeter : Perimeter is sum of all the sides. It is
measured in cm, m, etc.

Area : The area of any figure is the amount of surface

enclosed within its boundary lines. This is measured in
square unit like cm^2, m^2, etc.

Volume : If an object is solid, then the space occupied

by such an object is called its volume. This is measured
in cubic unit like cm^3, m^3, etc.
 CONTENTS:
 Triangle
 Rectangle
 Square
 Parallelogram
 Rhombus
 Circle
 Cube
 Cuboid
 Sphere
 Hemisphere
 Cylinder
TRIANGLE:

 Perimeter (P) = a + b + c
 Area (A) =(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))^(1/2)
Where ,s=(a+b+c)/2
and a, b and c are three sides of the triangle.

Also, A=(b*h)/2 ,where b=base ,h=height

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE:

Perimeter = 3a
Area=(√3/4)a^2
where, a is side of triangle.

RIGHT TRIANGLE:
Area=(1/2)*base*altitude
RECTANGLE:

Perimeter = 2 (l + b)
Area = l × b;
Where, l=length
b=breadth
 SQUARE:

Perimeter = 4 × side = 4a

Area = (side)^2 = a^2;

Where ,a=side
PARALLELOGRAM:

Perimeter = 2 (a + b)
Area = b × h;
Where,
a = breadth;
b=base;
h=altitude
RHOMBUS:

Perimeter = 4 a

Area=1/2*d1*d2
Example : Find the area of a quadrilateral piece of
ground, one of whose diagonals is 60 m long and the
perpendicular from the other two vertices are 38 and
22m respectively.

Solution:
Area=1/2*d*(h1+h2)
=1/2*60*(38+22)
=1800 sq.m.
CIRCLE:
Area=πr^2
Circumference=2πr=πd
Where r = radius, d=diameter

SEMICIRCLE:
Example : The radius of a circular wheel is 7/4 m. How
many revolutions will it make in travelling 11 km ?
Solution: Distance to be travelled= 11km =11000m
Radius=7/4 m
Circumference of the wheel =2*22/7*7/4=11 m
In travelling 11 m, wheel makes 1 revolution.
In travelling 11000 m the wheel makes (1/ 11000)* 11
revolutions, i.e., 1000 revolutions.
CUBE:
A cube is a cuboid which has all its edges equal.
Total surface area of a cube = 6a^2
Volume of the cube = a^3
CUBOID:
A cuboid is a three dimensional box.
Total surface area of a cuboid = 2 (lb+bh+lh) Volume
of the cuboid = lbh
Example: The sum of length, breadth and height of a
room is 19 m. The length of the diagonal is 11 m. The cost
of painting the total surface area of the room at the rate of
10 per m2 is

Solution:Let length, breadth and height of the room be l,

b and h, respectively. Then, l + b + h = 19
And l^2+b^2+h^2=121
Area of the surface to be painted = 2(lb + bh + hl)
Surface area of the room =240 m2. Cost of painting the
required area = 10 × 240 = 2400
CONE:

It is a solid which has a circle as its base and a slanting lateral

surface that converges at the apex.
Lateral surface area = πrl
Total surface area = πr (l + r)
Volume=(1/3)πr^2h
Where, r:radius
l:slant height
SPHERE:

It is a solid in the form of a ball with radius r.

Lateral surface area = Total surface area = 4πr^2
Volume=(4/3)πr^3
where, r:radius
HEMISPHERE:
It is a solid half of the sphere.

Lateral surface area = 2πr^2

Total surface area = 3πr^2
Volume=(2/3)πr^3;
Where, r:radius
Example : If the volume of a sphere is divided by its surface
area, the result is 27 cm. The radius of the sphere is
Solution:
In a sphere, volume = (4/3) πr^3
and surface area = 4πr^2
According to question, (4/3)πr^3 / 4πr^2 = 27
or, r = 27*3 = 81 cm
RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER:
It is a solid which has both its ends in the form of a circle.

Lateral surface area = 2πrh

Total surface area = 2πr (r + h)
Volume=πr^2h

Where, r: radius & h:height

Example: A cylindrical bath tub of radius 12 contains water
to a depth of 20 cm. A spherical iron ball is dropped into the
tub and thus the level of water is raised by 6.75 cm. What is
the radius of the ball?
Solution:
volume of the spherical ball = volume of the water displaced
(4* Π*r^3)/3 = Π (12)^2 * 6.75
r^3 = (144 * 6.75 * 3)/ 4 = 729
or r = 9 cm
1.The side and the height of a rhombus are 13 and 20 cms respectively. Find the
area.
(a) 260 cm2 (b) 275 cm2 (c) 290 cm2 (d) None of these
Ans1.(a)

2. The circumference of a circle is 44 metres. Find the area of the circle.

(a) 154 m^2 (b) 160 m^2 (c) 175 m^2 (d) 168 m^2
Ans2.(a)

3. The length and breadth of a rectangle are in the ratio 9 : 5. If its area is 720
m^2, find its perimeter.
(a) 112 metre (b) 115 metre (c) 110 metre (d) 118 metre
Ans3.(a)
4. How many squares are there in a 5 inch by 5 inch square grid, if the grid is
made up one inch by one inch squares ?
(a) 50 (b) 150 (c) 55 (d) 25
Ans4.(d)

5. If the ratio of areas of two squares is 9 : 1, the ratio of their perimeter is :

(a) 9 : 1 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 3
Ans5.(c)

6. A circle and a rectangle have the same perimeter. The sides of the rectangle
are 18 cm and 26 cm. What is the area of the circle ?
(a) 88 cm^2 (b) 154 cm^2 (c) 1250 cm^2 (d) 616 cm^2
Ans6.(d)
7. The cost of carpeting a room 18m long with a carpet 75 cm wide at 4.50 per
metre is 810. The breadth of the room is:
(a) 7 m (b) 7.5 m (c) 8 m (d) 8.5 m
Ans7.(b)

8. If the perimeter and diagonal of a rectangle are 14 and 5 cms respectively,

find its area.
(a) 12 cm^2 (b) 16 cm^2 (c) 20 cm^2 (d) 24 cm^2
Ans8.(a)

9. The length of the side of the square is x+2. the length of the side of an
equilateral triangle is 2x. If the perimeter of the square and equilateral triangle
is same, the value of x is _____
(a) 5 (b) 14 (c) 17 (d) 4
Ans9.(d)
10. When the circumference and area of a circle are numerically equal, then the
diameter is numerically equal to (a) area (b) circumference (c) 4 (d) 2 π
Ans10.(c)

11. In a parallelogram, the length of one diagonal and the perpendicular dropped
on that diagonal are 30 and 20 metres respectively. Find its area.
(a) 600 m^2 (b) 540 m^2 (c) 680 m^2 (d) 574 m^2
Ans11.(a)

12. The diameter of a garden roller is 1.4 m and it is 2 m long. How much area
will it cover in 5 revolutions ?
(a)40m^2 (b)44m^2 (c)48m^2 (d)36m^2
Ans12.(b)
13. The area of a triangle is 615 m^2. If one of its sides is 123 metre, find the
length of the perpendicular dropped on that side from opposite vertex.
(a)15 metres (b) 12 metres (c) 10 metres (d) None of these
Ans.(c)

14. A horse is tethered to one corner of a rectangular grassy field 40 m by 24 m

with a rope 14 m long. Over how much area of the field can it graze?
(a) 154 m^2 (b) 308 m^2 (c) 150 m^2 (d) None of these
Ans.(a)

15. How many plants will be there in a circular bed whose outer edge measure
30 cms, allowing 4 cm2 for each plant ?
(a) 18 (b) 750 (c) 24 (d) 120
Ans.(a)
16. A rectangular plot 15 m ×10 m, has a path of grass outside it. If the area of
grassy pathway is 54 m^2, find the width of the path.
(a) 4 m (b) 3 m (c) 2 m (d) 1 m
Ans.(d)

17. If the area of a circle decreases by 36%, then the radius of a circle decreases
by
(a) 20% (b) 18% (c) 36% (d) 64%
Ans.(a)

18. The floor of a rectangular room is 15 m long and 12 m wide. The room is
surrounded by a verandah of width 2 m on all its sides. The area of the verandah
is :
(a) 124 m^2 (b) 120 m^2 (c) 108 m^2 (d) 58 m^2
Ans.(a)
19. A circular grass lawn of 35 metres in radius has a path 7 metres wide
running around it on the outside. Find the area of path.
(a) 1694 m^2 (b) 1700 m^2 (c) 1598 m^2 (d) None of these
Ans.(a)

20. The radius of the wheel of a bus is 70 cm and the speed of the bus is 66
km/h, then the r.p.m. (revolutions per minutes) of the wheel is :
(a) 200 (b) 250 (c) 300 (d) 330
Ans.(b)

21. The altitude drawn to the base of an isosceles triangle is 8 cm and the
perimeter is 32 cm. The area of the triangle is:
(a) 48 cm^2 (b) 60 cm^2 (c) 66 cm^2 (d) None of these
Ans.(a)