American Mathematics Olympiad American Mathematics Olympiad 2017 Primary 3 Contest Paper INSTRUCTIONS: . Please DO NOT OPEN the contest booklet until the Proctor has given permission to start. . TIME ; 1 hour 30 minutes |. Attempt all 15 questions. Each question scores 1 point. No points are deducted for incorrect answers. |. Write your answers neatly on the answer sheet. ;. PROCTORING : No one may help any student in any way during the contest. 1. No calculators are allowed. All students must fill in your Name and School, . MINIMUM TIME: Students must stay in the exam hall at least 1h 15 min. ). Students must show detailed working and put answers on the answer sheet. 10. No spare papers can be used in writing this contest. Enough space is provided for your working of each question. Remark: Counting numbers are whole numbers except 0, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest Question 1 What is the value of 20 +19 + 18 +17 + 16— 15-14-13 - 12-11? Question 2 What is the value of (70 x 4) — (80 x 3) + (60 x 5)?AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest Question 3 ‘The sum of the digits of the number 216 is 9. What is the least number greater than 216 whose sum of the digits is 9? Question 4 Find the value of 98 — 87 + 76 — 65 + 54—43 + 32-214 10.AMO 2017, Pri —————— Question 5 Sandy multiplies 2x 5x 7x 2x 5x72 x5 and writes the product as a whole number. What is the sum of the digits of this number? Question 6 The first row has 2 dots: ‘The second row has 4 dots: The third row has 6 dots: More rows are added. Each additional row has 2 more dots than the row before it. How many dots will there be in the first 10 rows combined?AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest Question 7 Dillon works at the park every third day. William works at the park every sixth day. Francis works at the park every eighth day. They all worked together on Thursday. The park is open every day. On what day of the week will they all next work together? (If your answer is Monday, write 001; if it is Tuesday, write 002; and so on) Question 8 Summer vacation lasts for 55 days. During summer vacation, what is the greatest number of Fridays that could occur?AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest Question 9 What is the greatest multiple of 25 that has exactly 3 digits? Question 10 Jake is John’s father. The sum of their ages is 44. In 14 years Jake will be twice as old as John. How old will John be in 14 years?AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest —————_ Question 11 ‘At Springfield Elementary School, a shelf contains either 4 math books or 9 spelling books. On 15 shelves at Springfield Elementary, there are 72 spelling books and some number of math books. All 15 shelves are full. How many math books are there on the shelves? Question 12 The cost of 3 pencils and 2 markers is $13. The cost of 2 pencils and 3 markers is $12. What is the total cost of 7 pencils and 7 markers?AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest Question 13 A certain book has its pages numbered from 1 to 50. Then any page number that Contains the digit 3 is entirely erased. What is the sum of all of the numbers that were erased? Question 14 Given: A+O+O:=:% A+ OO A+rA+O=2 What is the value of ()?AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest Question 15 ‘The cube at the right is constructed of same sized figures as shown. How many figures does the cube contain?AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest i Question 1 What is the value of 20 + 19 + 18 +17 + 16 - 15 - 14—13- 12-11? Solution METHOD 1: Strategy: Pair the numbers to find a common difference. The difference between the first term of each group is 20 — 15 = 5. The difference between the second term of each group is also 19 — 14 = S. This pattern continues for each of the rest of the term pairs. There are five pairs whose difference is 5, therefore the value is S x S = 25. METHOD 2: Strategy. Find each sum and then take the difference. The sum of 20 + 19 + 18 + 17 + 16 = 90. The sum of 15 + 14+ 13 + 12 + 11 = 65. The value of 90 — 65 is 25. Answer: 025 Question 2 What is the value of: (70 x 4) - (80 x 3) + (60 x 5)? Solution METHOD 1: Sirategy Apply the order of operations and simplify. First multiply to find all of the products and then subtract and add: 280 — 240 + 300 = 340. METHOD 2: Strategy: Factor out a 10 from each of the products. This simplifies to: 10 x [(7 x 4) — (8 x 3) + (6 x 5)] = 10 x (28 - 24 + 30) = 10 x (34) = 340. Answer: 340 Question 3 The sum of the digits of the number 216 is 9. What is the least number greater than 216 whose sum of the digits is 97 Solution Strategy: Focus on the last two digits. Since the number has to be greater than 216, consider the hundreds digit to remain “2”. The last two digits will then have to add up to 7. Since 2 + 5 = 7, the least number greater than 216 whose digit sum is 9 must be 225. Answer: 225AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest _ Question 4 Find the value of 98 — 87 + 76 - 65 +54 —43 + 32- 21+ 10. Solution METHOD 1: Strategy. Use convenient grouping. (98 - B7) + (76 — 65) + (54 — 43) + (32-21) +10 =114114114+11+10 = 44410 =S4 METHOD 2: Strategy. Use the idea that the numbers differ by a constant value. Regroup in the following way: (98 + 10) — (87 + 21) + (76 + 32) — (65 + 43) + 54 = 108 — 108 + 108 — 108+ 54 = 54. Answer:054 Question 5 Sandy multiplies 2 x 5 x 7 x 2x 5 x 7x 2x 5 and writes the product as a whole number. What is the sum of the digits of this number? Solution ‘Strategy: Use the associative and commutative properties. Insert parentheses to show grouping: (2 x 5) x 7 x (2x 5)x 7x (25) Reorder: 49 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 49 000. This has a digit sum of 13. Answer: 013 Question 6 The first row has 2 dots: oo The second row has 4 dots: eeee The third row has 6 dots: or ie More rows are added. Each additional row has 2 more dots than the row before it. How many dots will there be in the first 10 rows combined? Solution METHOD 1: Strategy. Add the dots in the first 10 rows. Add the number of dots in all 8 rows: 24+4464+8+10+12+ 14416 + 18+ 20= 110. METHOD 1: Strategy: Pair up numbers to get the sum easily. ‘Add using (2 + 20) + (4+ 18) + (6 +16) + (8 + 14) + (104 12) = 22x5 = 110. Answer:110AMO 2017, Primary. 3 Contest ES Question 7 Dillon works at the park every third day. William works at the park every sixth day. Francis works at the park every eight day. They all worked together on Thursday. The Park is open every day. On what day of the week will they all next work together? (If your answer is Monday, write 001; if it is Tuesday, write 002; and so on) Solution Strategy. Calculate the first common multiple. Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 Multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24 Multiple of 8: 8, 16, 24 The first common multiple (or least common multiple) of 3, 6 and 8 is 24. Hence, they will work together again after 24 days. Twenty-four days after Thursday is ‘Sunday, which is 007. Answer: 007 Question 8 Summer vacation lasts for 55 days. During summer vacation, what is the greatest number of Fridays that could occur? Solution ‘Strategy. Count the number of cycles of 7 days. We know that 55 days equals 7 weeks and 6 days. To maximize the number of Fridays, make the first day a Friday. The remaining 54 days will have 7 Fridays, so the greatest number of Fridays that could occur is 7+ 1 = 8. Answer: 008 Question 9 What is the greatest multiple of 25 that has exactly 3 digits? Solution METHOD 1: Strategy. Use what you know about remainders. The largest 3-digit number is 999. Divide 999 by 25 and the quotient is 39 remainder 24, Subtract 24 from 999. 999 — 24 = 975. METHOD 2: Strategy: Look for a pattern in multiples of 25. The first few multiples of 25 are 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200 and so on. Notice that multiples of 25 end in 25, 50, 75, 00. Hence, the 1000 is a multiple of 25, but the multiple of 25 before it must be 975. Answer: 975AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest Es Question 10 Jake is John’s father. The sum of their ages is 44. In 14 years, Jake will be twice as old as John. How old will John be in 14 years? Solution ‘Strategy: Draw a diagram. Let John’s age after 14 years be represented by 1 unit (1 rectangle). Then the diagrams below represent their ages in 14 years: Jorn [_] sone [TJ Since each of them will gain 14 years, then the sum of their ages after 14 years is 44 + 14 + 14 = 72. It follows that 3 units = 72, and hence 1 unit = 24. Therefore, John will be 24 years old. Answer: 024 Question 11 At Springfield Elementary School, a shelf contains either 4 math books or 9 spelling books. On 15 shelves at Springfield Elementary, there are 72 spelling books and some number of math books. All 15 shelves are full. How many math books are there on the shelves? Solution METHOD 1: Strategy. Draw a diagram. Draw a diagram of 15 shelves. Place 9 spelling books on a shelf until 72 spelling books are placed. This requires filling 8 shelves because 9 x 8 = 72. Fill up the remaining shelves with 4 math books. 4 x 7 shelves = 28 math books. 9 speling [9 spelling 9 spelling ]9 spelling |9 speliing books: books books books: books ‘9 spelling | 9 spelling | 9 spelling | 4 math 4math books books books books books 4 math 4 math 4 math 4 math 4 math books: books. books books: books. METHOD 2: Strategy Find the number of shelves filled with spelling books. The 72 spelling books completely fill 72 + 9 = 8 shelves. There are 15-8 =7 remaining shelves to be filled. There are 4 x 7 = 28 math books that are used to fill them. Answer: 028AMO 2017, Primary 3 Contest Question 12 ‘The cost of 3 pencils and 2 markers is $13. The cost of 2 pencils and 3 markers is $12. What is the total cost of 7 pencils and 7 markers? Solution METHOD 1: Strategy Write a set of equations to find the cost. Let P = cost of a pencil and let M = cost of a marker. ‘Then 3P + 2M = 13 and 2P + 3M = 12. Add these two equations together to get SP + 5M = 25. Divide by 5 to get P + M = 5. Finally, 7P + 7M = $35. METHOD 2: Strategy. Use pictures. [Fim = Me i i $0, {I+ adit. |] il wn Ge =25 It follows that [+f = 5,50 (MIL feutitt = $35 Question 13 ‘A certain book has its pages numbered from 1 to SO. Then any page number that contains the digit 3 is entirely erased. What is the sum of all of the numbers that were erased? Solution ‘Strategy: Classify the two “types” of numbers that include the digit 3. The erased numbers are 3, 13, 23, 43, and also 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39. We may add these separately. There are two pairs of numbers in the first list, each of which adds to 46 and 36. There are five pairs of numbers in the second list, each of which adds to 69. So, the sum is 46 + 36 + (69 x 5) = 82 + 345 = 427. Answer: 427A Question 14 Given: A+ 0+ O=- A+ O+ Oss A+A+ Ox What is the value of Or Solution ‘Strategy. Find the value represented by each shape. We see from the second two equations that a square must be 3 more than a triangle. We also see by adding the last two equations together that 3 triangles + 3 squares = 15 +12 = 27, so 1 triangle + 1 square equals 27 + 3 = 9. Because a square is 3 more than a triangle and they add to 9, a triangle is 3 and a square is 6. This means that a circle is 16 - 3- 6=7. Answer: 007 Question 15 ‘The cube at the right is constructed of same sized figures as shown. How many figures does the cube contain? Solution METHOD 1: Strategy: Direct counting. Considering all parts of the cube in the diagram, the correct number of figures (slabs) in the cube is 18. METHOD 2: Strategy: Compare the dimensions of each figure and use the concept of volume. Based on the diagram, the dimension of each figure (1 slab) is unit x 2 units x 6 units. Thus, the volume of each figure is 12 units?. The volume of the cube is 6 x 6 x 6 = 216 units>. Therefore, the number of figures is 216 + 12 = 18. Answer: 018