antisxeulebi

antisxeulebi warmoadgenen antigen-damakavSirebel cilebs,

romlebic warmodgenili arian B ujredebis membranebze, an
kidev sekretirdebian plazmuri ujredebiT. membranasTan
dakavSirebuli antisxeuli B ujreds aniWebs antigenur
specifiurobas; B ujredebis klonis antigen-specifiuri
proliferacia ganpirobebulia membranuli antisxeulis
antigenTan urTierTqmedebiT. sekretirebuli antisxeulebi
cirkulireben sisxlSi. Aaq isini moqmedeben rogorc
humoruli imunitetis efeqtorebi: antigenebis SerCevasa da
neitralizacias axdenen, an kidev moniSnaven maT
eliminaciisaTvis. yvela antisxeuls saerTo struqturuli
Tvisebebi aqvs, yoveli maTgani ukavSirdeba antigens da
monawileobs SezRudul efeqtorul funqciebSi. Ggarkveuli
antigenis sapasuxod warmoqmnili antisxeulebi
heterogenulebia. antigenTa umetesi nawili rTulia da Seicavs
mraval antigenur determinants, da imunuri sistema,
Cveulebriv, maT moqmedebaze pasuxobs antigenze warmodgenili
mravali epitopis Sesabamisi antisxeulebis warmoqmniT. Ees
pasuxi saWiroebs B ujredebis mravali klonis axlad
warmoqmnas. Aam ukanasknelTa produqti aris monoklonuri
antisxeulebi, romelTagan TiToeuli specifiurad ukavSirdeba
antigenis mxolod erT determinants. es monoklonuri
antisxeulebi erTad qmnian antigenis imunizaciisaTvis
aucilebel, Sratis antisxeulebis poliklonur da
heterogenul pasuxs.

antisxeulebis ZiriTadi struqtura

centrigugirebiT, sisxli SesaZloa dayofil iqnas siTxed da
ujredul feaqciad. Txevadi fraqcia aris plazma, xolo
ujreduli fraqcia Seicavs sisxlis wiTel ujredebs,
leikocitebsa da Tqombocitebs. Pplazma Seicavs sisxlis
xsnad yvela mcire zomis molekulas da makromolekulebs: maT
Soris fibrins da sxva cilebs, romlebic saWiroa sisxlis
koltis warmosaqmnelad. sisxlis, an sisxlis plazmis
Sededebis Sedegad darCenil Txevad fazas Srati ewodeba.
cnobilia, rom antisxeulebi SratSi binadroben. maT
imunoglobulinebs uwodeben.

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antisxeulebi heterodimerebi arian

antisxeulebis molekulebs saerTo struqtura aqvT. isini

Seicaven 4 peptidur jaWvs: 2 identur msubuq jaWvs (light (L)
chains), daaxloebiT 25 000 molekuluri woniT da 2 identur
mZime jaWvs (heavy (H) chains), molekuluri woniT 50 000, an
meti.

imunoglobulinis struqturis sqematuri diagrama. yoveli mZime da

msubuqi jaWvi Seicavs amino-terminalur variabelur (V) regions
(Sabiamnis feri da Ria vardisferi), romelic Seicavs 100-110 aminomJavas
da gansxvavebulia yvela antisxeulebSi. Mmolekulis Yyoveli jaWvis
darCenili nawili - konstanturi regioni (C) (iisferi da wiTeli),
limitirebulad cvalebadia, rac gansazRvravs msubuq-jaWvovan 2
subtips da mZime-jaWvovan 5 subklass. zogierTi mZime jaWvi (da aseve
Seicavs proliniT mdidar maryuJs (Savi). V regionis Sesabamisi
aminoterminaluri nawili ukavSirdeba antigens; efeqtoruli funqcia
ganpirobebulia sxva domenebiT. maryuJis regionis ar mqone da mZime
jaWvebi molekulis SuaSi Seicaven damatebiT domenebs.

antisxeulebis molekulebis msgavsad (romlis SemadgelobaSic

Sedian es jaWvebi), L da H jaWvebsac aseve uwodeben
imunoglobulinebs. TiToeuli msubuqi jaWvi mZime jaWvTan
dakavSirebulia disulfiduri bmiT da misi msgavsi
arakovalenturi marilis bmiT, wyalbaduri bmiT, da
hidrofoburi bmebiT. igive arakovalenturi bmebi da

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disulfiduri xidakebi akavSireben erTmaneTTan 2 identur
mZime da msubuqi jaWvebis kombinaciebs (H-L) da warmoiqnmeba
antisxeulis ZiriTadi, 4 jaWviani struqtura (H-L)2, dimerebis
dimeri. Aam jaWvTa Sorisi disulfiduri bmebis zusti ricxvi
da gansazRvruli pozicia ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan
antisxeulebis klasebsa da subklasebs. Mmsubuqi an mZime
jaWvebis amino-terminaluri regionebis pirveli 110 aminomJava
Zlier cvalebadia sxvadasxva specifiurobis antigenebs Soris.
am segmentebs uwodeben variabelur ubnebs (V regions): msubuq
jaWvebSi VL da mZime jaWvebSi VH. swored am variabeluri
ubnebis aminomJavuri sxvadasxvaoba qmnis antisxeulTa
gansxvavebul specifiurobas. Aantisxeulebs Soris arsebuli
gansxvavebebis umetesi nawili warmodgenilia V regionis im
nawilSi, romelsac uwodeben komplementarulad
determinirebul regions [complementarity-determining regions
CDRs)]. es regionebi rogorc msubuq, aseve mZime jaWvebze
qmnian antisxeulis molekulis antigen-damakavSirebel saitebs.
amis sapirospirod, antisxeulis igive klasSi (anu erTi
klasis fargalSi) arsebuli gansxvavebebi ganpirobebulia
molekulis danarCen nawilSi warmoqmnili gansxvavebebiT.
variabeluri ubnebis mezoblad myof, SedarebiT konstanturi
Tanamimdevrobis mqone regionebs uwodeben C regionebs.
Sesabamisad, mZime da msubuq jaWvebze _ CH da CL regionebi.
antisxeulebi warmoadgenen glikoproteinebs; garkveuli
gamonaklisebis garda, naxSirwylebis mimagrebis saitebi
Semofarglulia (SezRudulia) konstanturi ubnebiT.
antisxeulTa glikozilirebis roli bolomde Seswavlili ar
aris, magram SesaZloa, rom is zrdis molekulis xsnadobas.

qimiurma da fermentulma meTodebma gamoavlines

antisxeulebis ZiriTadi struqtura

roca Sratis globulinis fraqcia iyofa maRal da

dabalmolekulur fraqciebad, daaxloebiT 150 000
molekuluri wonis mqone antisxeulebi, romlebic aRiniSneba
rogorc imunoglobulini G (IgG), nanaxia dabalmolekulur
fraqciaSi. Fferment papainiT IgG-s daxleCis dros miiReba 3
fragmenti, romelTagan 2 identuria da mesame ki savsebiT
gansxvavebulia.

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2 identur fragments (TiToeuli molekuluri woniT 45 000)
aqvs antigen-damakavSirebeli aqtioba da maT uwodeben Fab
(“fragment, antigen binding”) fragmentebs. Mmesame fragments(MW
50,000) saerTod ar aqvs antigen-damakavSirebeli aqtioba.
radgan civi Senaxvis dros is kristalizirdeba, mas uwodes Fc
(“fragment, crystallizable”) fragmenti. sxva proteolizuri
fermentiT _ pepsiniT, daxleCis dros antisxeulis antigen-
damakavSirebeli Tvisebebi aseve gamoiyofa molekulis
danarCeni nawilisagan. pefsiniT daxleCis dros warmoiqmneba
mxolod erTi 100 000-iani fragenti, romelic Sedgeba 2 Fab-
like fragmentisagan, romlebic aRiniSneba rogorc F(ab')2, da
romlebic ukavSirdebian antigens. Fc fragmenti ar
warmoiqmneba pefsiniT daxleCis Sedegad, radgan TviTon is
mraval fragmentad ixliCeba. merkaptoeTanoliT da
alkilirebiT molekulis daxleCis Semdeg, anu disulfiduri
bmebis daxleCis Semdeg naTeli gaxda, rom 150,000-MW IgG –s
molekula faqtiurad Sedgeba suberTeulebisagan. IgG –is
yoveli molekula Seicavs or 50,000-MW polipeptidur jaWvs
_ mZime jaWvs (H) da or 25,000-MW polipeptidur jaWvs _
msubuq jaWvs (L) (zeda suraTi). Fab fragmenti Sedgeba
rogorc mZime, aseve msubuqi jaWvebis nawilebisagan, xolo Fc
ubani mxolod mZime jaWvis komponentebs Seicavs.
antisxeulebis warmomqmneli plazmuri ujredebis kibos
ewodeba gafantuli (mravlobiTi) mieloma. swored misi
aRmoCenis Semdeg gaxda SesaZlebeli imunoglobulinebis
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Tanamimdevrobis analizi. Cveulebriv, janmrTel adamianebSi
plazmuri jredebi arian bolo safexuris ujredebi, romlebic
gamoyofen antisxeulis erT molekulur saxes drois
limitirebul periodsi da Semdeg iRupebian. Amis sapirispiros,
mravlobiTi mielomiT daavadebul individebSi plazmuri
ujredebis kloni ujreduli ciklis da proliferaciis
normalur kontrols aRar eqvemdebareba da bolo safexuris
ujredebs aRar warmoadgenen. isini iyofian da iyofian
regulaciis gareSe ise, rom ar saWiroeben proliferiaciis
gamomwvevi antigeniT gaaqtivebas. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi
avTvisebiani plazmuri ujredebi _ mielomis ujredebi _
transformirdebian, maTi cilis sinTezis meqanizmi da
sekretoruli funqciebi ucvlelia. Aase, rom ujredebi
agrZeleben antisxeulebis sinTezs. Ees antisxeulebi ar
ganirCeva antisxeulis normaluri molekulisagan, magram
uwodeben mielomis cilas, misi warmomavlobis xazgasasmelad.
mravlobiTi mielomis mqone pacientebSi, mielomis cilaze
modis Sratis imunoglobulinebis 95%. pacientTa umetesobaSi,
mielomis ujredebi aseve gamoyofen msubuq jaWvebs usazRvro
raodenobiT. Ees Warbi msubuqi jaWvebi pirvelad aRmoCenil
iqna mielomiani pacientebis SardSi da aRmomCenis
sapativcemulod uwodes benk-jonis cilebi.

msubuqi jaWvis siqvenirebam gamoavlina, rom

imunoglobulinebs aqvT konstanturi da
variabeluri ubnebi
rodesac Seadares gansxvavebuli individebis benk-jonis
mravali cilis aminomJavuri Tanamimdevroba, ucnaur faqts
waawydnen. jaWvis amino-bolos naxevari, daaxloebiT 100-110
aminomJava, cvalebadi iyo benk-jonis cilebSi. Aam ubans
variabeluri uwodes. Kkarboqsi bolos naxevari, romelsac
konstanturi ubani uwodes, 2 ZiriTad aminomJavur
Tanamimdevrobas avlenda. Daqedan daaskvnes, rom 2 tipis
msubuqi jaWvi arsebobs. maT uwodes kappa () da lambda ().
adamianebSi, msubuqi jaWvebis 60% aris kappa da 40% _ lambda,
xolo TagvebSi 95% aris kappa da mxolod 5%-ia lambda.
antisxeulis erTi molekula, mxolod erTi saxis msubuq jaWvs
Seicavs. Mmsubuqi jaWvebis aminomJavuri analiziT nanaxia, rom
minoruli sxvaoba arsebobs maT Soris da amis safZvelze isini
klasificirdeba subtipebad. TagvebSi 3 subtipi arsebobs (1, 2
da 3). adamianebSi ki_ 4. aminomJavebis Canacvleba mxolod

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ramodenime poziciaSi, ukve ganapirobebs subtipebis
diferencirebas.

mZime jaWvis siqvenirebam gamoavlina mZime jaWvis 5

ZiriTadi saxesxvaoba
rodesac Seadares mravalnairi mielomis ujrdebis mZime
jaWvebis aminomJavuri Tanamimdevrobani aRmoCnda, rom amino
bolos daaxloebiT 100-110 aminomJava amJRavnebda Zlier
cvalebadobas. Mmasac variabeluri regioni uwodes. darCenili
nawilisaTvis nanaxi iqna 5 ZiriTadi Tanamimdevrobis tipi,
romlebic Seesabameboda konstantur regionebs ( daam
5 gansxvavebuli jaWvidan TiToeuli iwodeba izotipad.
konstanturi ubnebis sigrZe daaxloebiT Seadgens 330
aminomJavas da-sTvis; da 440 aminomJavas da –sTvis.
mocemuli antisxeulis klass gansazRvravs mZime jaWvi: : IgM(),
IgG(), IgA(), IgD(), IgE(). TiToeul klass SesaZloa hondes an
an  msubuqi jaWvi. Eantisxeulis erT molekulas aqvs 2
identuri mZime jaWvi da 2 identuri msubuqi jaWvi _ H2L2, an
kidev ramodenime cali es ZiriTadi 4-jaWviani struqtura
(H2L2)n. (cxrili).

da jaWvebis aminomJavur TanamimdevrobaSi arsebuli

minoruli gansxvavebebi ganapirobeben maT klasificirebas
subizotipebad, rac gansazRvravs im antisxeulebis
molekulebis subklasebs, romelTa SemadgenlobaSic isini

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Sedian. adamianebSi mZime jaWvis 2 subtipi
arsebobs:dada Sesabamisad, ori subklasi IgA1 da IgA2); 
mZime jaWvis 4 subizotipi: da IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, da IgG4);

imunoglobulinis natifi struqtura

imunglobulinis molekulis struqtura ganisazRvreba cilis

pirveladi, meoreuli, mesameuli da meoTxeuli struqturiT.
pirveladi struqtura pasuxismgebelia mZime da msubuqi
jaWvebis variabelur da konstantur ubnebze. meoreuli
struqtura formirdeba antiparaleluri  fenebis warmoqmniT.

Semdeg jaWvebi ikecebian kompaqturi globuluri domenis

mesameul struqturaSi, romelic mezobel domenTan
dakavSirebulia Cakecili fenebis gareT myofi
polipeptiduri jaWvis gagrZelebiT. Dda bolos, mezoblad
myofi mZime da msubuqi polipeptiduri jaWvebis globuluri
domenebi urTierTqmedeben meoTxeul struqturaSi da
warmoqmnian funqciur domens, romelic molekulas aZlevs
saSualebas specifiurad daukavSirdes antigens da
imavdroulad, Seasrulos mravali biologiuri funqcia.

imunoglobulinis mZime da msubuqi jaWvebis aminomJavuri

analiziT dadgenilia, rom orive jaWvi Seicavs mraval
homologiur ubans daaxloebiT 110 amnomJavuri naSTiT.

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TiToeul erTeulSi, romelsac domens uwodeben, SidajaWvuri
disulfiduri bmebi warmoqmnian daaxloebiT 60 aminomJavian
maryuJs. Mmsubuqi jaWvi Seicavs erT variabelur domens (VL)
da erT konstantur domens (CL); mZime jaWvi Seicavs erT
variabelur domens da an 3, an 4 konstantur domens (CH1, CH2,
CH3 da CH4), antisxeulis klasis mixedviT (suraTi).

antisxeuliT-ganpirobebuli efeqtoruli funqciebi

antigenis dakavSirebis garda, antisxeulebi monawileoben sxva

mravalnair biologiur aqtiobaSic. Uunda gvaxsovdes,
romAantisxeulebi paTogenTan dakavSirebiT maT ar klaven, an
ar aSoreben organisms. imisaTvis, rom efeqturebi iyvnen
paTogenis mimarT, antisxeulebma ara marto unda Seicnon isini,
aramed gamoiwvion pasuxebi _ efeqtoruli funqciebi _ romlis
Sedegadac moxdeba atigenis moSoreba da paTogenis mokvla.
maSin roca antisxeulis variabeluri ubnebi erTaderTia

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antigenis dasakavSireblad, mZime jaWvis konstanturi regioni
pasuxismgebelia mravalnair TanamSromlur urTierTobebze
sxva cilebTan, ujredebTan da qsovilebTan, rac humoruli
pasuxis efeqtorul funqcias ganapirobebs. radgan es
efeqtoruli funqciebi warmoiqmneba mZime jaWvis konstanturi
regionebisa da Sratis clebis an ujredis membranuli
cilebis urTierTmoqmedebebiT, imunoglobulinebis yvela
klass erTidaigive funqciuri Tvisebebi ar aaqvT.

ofsonizacias xels uwyobs antisxeuli

ofsonizacia, makrofagebiTa da neitrofilebiT antigenis

fagocitirebis xelSewyoba, mniSvnelovani faqtoria
antibaqteriuli dacvis dros. cilovani molekulebi,
romlebsac Fc receptorebs uwodeben, romlebsac SeuZliaT
imunoglobulinis konstanturi regionis dakavSireba,
warmodgenilebi arian makrofagebisa da neitrofilebis
zedapirebze. Fc receptoris dakavSireba antisxeulis
molekulasTan, romlis samiznecaa baqteriuli ujredi, iwvevs
paTogenis dakavSirebas fagocitis membranasTan. FcR -is
dakavSireba antisxeulis Fc regionTan aaqtivebs iseT
sasignalo gzebs, romlebic iwveven antigen-antisxeulis
kompleqsis fagocitozs. Ffagocitis SigniT paTogeni xdeba
mravalnairi destruqciuli procesis samizne, maT Soris
fermentuli daSlis, oqsidaciuri dazianebis da
antibaqteriuli peptidebis membrana-damangreveli efeqtebisa.

antisxeulebi aaqtiveben kompliments

IgM da adamianis IgG –s subklasis umetesobas SeuZlia

gaaaqtivos Sratis glikoproteinebis nakrebi, romelsac
komplementis sistemas uwodeben. Kkomplementi Seicavs cilebis
nakrebs, romlebsac ujredis membranis perforacia SeuZliaT.
komplementis aqtivaciis gzis mniSvnelovani Tanaproduqtia
C3b, romelic araspecifiurad ukavSirdeba ujred- da antigen-
antisxeul kompleqsebs, komplementis mier gaaqtivbuli saitis
maxloblad. UujredTa mraval tips, magaliTad, sisxlis
wiTel ujredebsa da makrofagebs aqvT receptori C3b –sTvis
da ase boWaven ujredebs an kompleqsebs, romlebzedac C3b
aris adgezirebuli. Aadgezirebuli C3b –s dakavSireba
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makrofagTan iwvevs C3b-Tan mimagrebuli ujredebis an
molekuluri kompleqsebis fagocitozs. Aantigen-antisxeuli
kompleqsis dakavSireba C3b receptorTan eriTrocitebs aZlevs
saSualebas miitanos kompleqsebi RviZlSi an elenTaSi, sadac
rezidenti makrofagebi moaSoreben maT wiTeli ujredebis
dazianebis gareSe. Aantisxeulsa da komplement sistemis
kolaboracia mniSvnelovania antigenis inaqtivaciisa da
moSorebisaTvis da paTogenebis mosaklavad.

antisxeulebis klasebi da biologiuri aqtioba

imunoglobulinebis TiToeuli klasi gamoirCeva unikaluri

aminomJavuri TanamimdevrobiT mZime jaWvis konstantur
regionSi, rac klass aZlevs specifiur struqturul da
funqciur Tvisebebs. imunoglobulinTa klasebis molekuluri
Tvisebebi da biologiuri aqtiobebi Sejamebulia cxrilSi.
aseve 5 ZiriTadi klasi warmodgenilia diagramis saxiT
suraTze.

10
imunoglobulini G (IgG)

yvelaze uxvad warmodgenili klasia SratSi, igi Sratis

albuminebis 80%-s Seadgens. Mmisi molekula Sedgeba 2  mZime
da ori an  msubuqi jaWvisagan. Aadamianis IgG –s 4
subklasi arsebobs, isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian 
jaWvis TanamimdevrobiT da danomrilia SratSi maTi
raodenobis Semcirebis Sesabamisad: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, da IgG4.
aminomJavuri Tanamimdevrobebi, romlebiTac 4 subklasi
gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, kodirdebian gansxvavebuli
Canasaxovani CH genebiT, romelTa dnm-is Tanamimdevrobis 90-
95% homologiuria. struqturuli maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic am
subklasebs ganasxvaveben aris yulfis regionis sigrZe da
mZime jaWvebs Soris arsebuli disulfiduri bmebis pozicia da
ricxvi (suraTi).

IgG-s subklasebs Soris arsebuli aminomJavuri gansxvavebebi

aisaxeba molekulaTa biologiur aqtiobaze:
 IgG1, IgG3, da IgG4 swrafad da advilad gadakveTen
placentas da mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben
ganviTarebadi Canasaxis dacvaSi.

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  IgG3Kkomplementis yvelaze efeqturi gamaaqtivebelia. Mmas
mosdevs IgG1; Semdeg _ IgG2; xolo IgG4 ki saerTod ar
aaqtivebs komplements.
 IgG1 Dda IgG3 maRali afinurobiT ukavSirdebian
fagocitur ujredze arsebul Fc receptors. IgG4-s
saSualo afinuroba axasiaTebs Fc receptoris mimarT,
xolo IgG2–s eqstremalurad dabali afinuroba
axasiaTebs.

imunoglobulini M (IgM)
IgM sisxlis Sratis imunoglobulinebis 5-10%-s Seadgens,
daax;oebiT, 1.5 mg/ml koncentraciiT SratSi. Mmonomeruli IgM
molekuluri masiT 180 000, eqspresirdeba rogorc B ujredebis
membranasTan dakavSirebuli antisxeuli. IgM plazmuri
ujredebis mier sekretirdeba rogorc pentameri, romelSic 5
monomeruli erTeuli erTamneTTan dakavSirebulia
disulfiduri bmebiT, romlebic maT karboqsi-terminalur
mZime jaWvis domenebs ( C4/ C4, da C3/ C3) akavSirebs. (zeda
suraTi e). 5 monomeruli suberTeuli isea ganlagebuli, rom
maTi Fc regionebiT pentameris centri iqmneba da 10 antigen-
damakavSirebeli saiti molekulis periferiaze xvdeba. Yyoveli
pentameri Seicavs damatebiT Fc-dakavSirebuli polipeptids _ J
(joining chain) jaWvs, romelic disulfiduri bmiT
dakavSirebulia 10 cali jaWvidan 2 –is karboqsi-terminalur
cisteinTan. J jaWvi saWiroa monomerTa polimerizaciisaTvis,
raTa warmoqmnan pentameruli IgM; is, uSualod pentameris
sekreciis win emateba. IgM warmoadgens imunoglobulinTa
pirvel klass, romelic antigenis pirvel sapasuxo reaqciis
dros warmoiqmneba. Dda is aseve, axalSobilis mier
sinTezirebuli pirveli imunoglobulinia. antigen-
damakavSirebeli 10 saitiani pentameruli struqturis gamo,
Sratis IgM –s ufro maRali valentoba aqvs, vidre sxva
izotipebs. IgM –s SeuZlia 10 mcire haptenis molekulis
dakavSireba. Tumca, molekulis sivrculi barierebis gamo,
didi antigenis mxolod 5, an ufro cota molekulas SeuZlia
masTan erTdroulad dakavSireba. misi maRali valentobis gamo,
pentameruli IgM ufro metad efeqturia, vidre sxva izotipebi
iseTi mravali, ganmeorebadi epitopis mqone antigenebis
dakavSirebaSi, rogorebicaa virusuli nawilakebi da sisxlis
wiTeli ujredebi. roca sisxlis wiTeli ujredebi

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inkubirdebian specifiur antisxeulebTan, isini jgufdebian
erTad didi agregatebis warmoqmniT. Aam process aglutinacia
ewodeba. aglutinaciis erTidaigive donis misaRwevad, 100-dan
1000-mde molekuliT meti IgG aris saWiro, vidre IgM. igive
fenomens vawydebiT virusebis SemTxvevaSic: IgG-ze bevrad
naklebi IgM aris saWiro, virusuli infeqciis
gasaneitraleblad

imunoglobulini A (IgA)
miuxedavad imisa, rom Sratis imunoglobulinebis 10-15%-s
Seadgens IgA, is warmoadgens garegan sekretebSi (rogoricaa
dedis rZe, nerwyvi, cremlebi da bronqebis, Sard-sasqeso da
momnelebeli traqtebis lorwo) warmodgenil dominantur
imunoglobulinur klass. SratSi IgA Tavdapirvelad
monomeris saxiT arsebobs, magram zogjer polimeruli
formebi (dimerebi, trimerebi da zogi tetrameri) Cans,
romelTagan yoveli Seicavs J polipeptidur jaWvs. (zeda
suraTze d). garegani sekretebis IgA, romelsac uwodeben
sekretorul IgA-s, Sedgeba dimeris an tetramerisagan, J
polipeptiduri jaWvisagan da aseve polipeptiduri jaWvisagan,
romelsac sekretorul komponents uwodeben (suraTi a).

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sekretoruli komponenti warmoiqmneba receptorisagan,
romelic pasuxismgebelia polimeruli IgA –s transportze
ujredis membranis meore mxareze. IgA –s J polipeptiduri
jaWvi pentamerul IgM –Si nanaxis identuria da asrulebs
igive funqcias _ aadvilebs rogorc Sratis, aseve
sekretoruli IgA –s polimerizacias. sekretoruli komponenti
70 000-iani polipeptidia, romelic lorwovani membranis
epiTeluri ujredebidan warmoiqmneba. igi Seicavs
imunoglobulinis msgavs 5 domens, romelic ukavSirdeba IgA-s
Fc dimeris regionis domens. Ees urTierTqmdeba
stabilizirdeba disulfiduri bmiT, romelic warmoiqmneba
sekretoruli komponentis mexuTe domensa da dimeruli IgA-s
erT-erT jaWvTan. IgA –s dRiuri sekrecia ufro didia, vidre
imunoglobulinebis sxva klasebisa. IgA-s gamomyofi plazmuri
ujredebi koncentrirdebian lorwovani membranis zedapiris
gaswvriv. adamiani yoveldRiurad lorwovani sekreciis dros
gamoyofs 5-dan 15g-mde sekretorul IgA –s. IgA –s gamomyofi
plazmuri ujredebi upiratesad migrireben subepiTeluri
qsovilisaken, sadac sekretirebuli IgA mWidrod ukavSirdeba
polimeruli imunoglobulinis receptors (suraTze b). poli-
Ig receptori eqspresirdeba lorwovani epiTeliumis
umetesobis bazolateralur zedapirze da sarZeve, sanerwyve
da sacremle jirkvlebis epiTeliumze. mas Semdeg, rac
polimeruli IgA ukavSirdeba IgA-s poli- Ig receptors,
receptor-IgA kompleqsi epiTeluri barieris gamWol,
lumenisaken (Rrusaken) gadaadgildeba. receptor-IgA
kompleqsis gadaadgildeba moicavs receptoriT ganpirobebul
endocitozs amofenil CaRrmavebeSi da vezikulaTa mimarTul
transports epiTeluri ujredebis gamWol lumenuri
membranisaken, sadac vezikulebi erwymian plazmur membranas.
Semdeg poli- Ig receptori membranas scildeba fermentulad
da gadaiqceva sekretorul komponentad, rmelic ukavSirdeba
da gamoiyofa polimerul IgA–sTan erTad lorwovan
gamonadenebSi. Ppentameruli IgM -ic am meqanizmiT
gadaadgildeba lorwovan gamonayofebSi, magram misi
procentuli Semcveloba lorwovan sekretebSi bevrad dabalia,
IgA -sTan SedarebiT. Ggamoyofili IgA lorwovani membranis
zedapirebze (romelic aris paTogenuri organizmebis
umetesobis Sesasvleli saiti) mniSvnelovan efeqtorul
funqcias asrulebs. radgan is aris polimeruli, IgA –s
SeuZlia gadaejaWvos mravalepitopian did antigenebs.

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sekretirebuli IgA –s dakavSireba baqteriuli da virusuli
zedapirebis antigenebTan, xels uSlis paTogenis dakavSirebas
lorwovan ujredebTan, da ase ainhibirebs virusul
infeqciebsa da baqteriebis kolonizacias. Aantigenisa da
sekretirebili IgA –s kompleqsi advilad exveva lorwoSi da
Semdeg sasunTqi traqtis, an nawlavis wamwamovani epiTeliumiT
eliminirdeba. sekretirebuli IgA mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobs iseTi paTogenebisagan dacvaSi rogorebicaa
baqteriebi: Salmonella, Vibrio Cholerae da Neisseria gonorrhoeae, da
virusebi: gripis, polio da reovirusi (saWmlis momnelebeli
da sasunTqi traqtebis virusebi). Mdedis rZe Seicavs
sekretorul IgA –s da mraval sxva molekulas, romlebic
axalSobils exmareba sicocxlis pirvel TveebSi
infeqciebisagan TavdacvaSi. radgan axalSobilis imunuri
sistema srulyofil funqcionirebas ver axerxebs, ZuZuTi kveba
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs misi janmrTelobis SenarCunebaSi.

imunoglobulini E (IgE)

miuxedavad imisa, rom SratSi misi koncentracia dabalia (0.3

g/ml), Zlieri biologiuri aqtiobis gamo SesaZlebelia IgE –
s identificireba Sratisagan. IgE ganapirobebs uSualo
hipersensitiur reaqciebs asTmis, Tivis ciebis, WinWris

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cxelebis da anafilaqsuri Sokis simptomebis mimarT. IgE
ukavSirdeba sisxlis bazofilebisa da qsovilovani poxiri
ujredebis membranebis Fc receptorebs. receptorTan bmuli
IgE –s molekulis antigenTan (alergenTan) dakavSireba iwvevs
bazofilebisa da poxieri ujredebis granulebis
gadaadgilebas plazmuri membranisaken da maTi SigTavsis
gamoyofas ujredgare areSi. Aam process degranulacia
ewodeba. amis Sedegad gamoiyofa farmakologiurad aqtiuri
mravali mediatori da izrdeba alergiuli gamovlinebebi.

imunoglobulini D (IgD)

IgD -s koncentracia SratSi Seadgens 30 g/ml-ze, da

warmoadgens Sratis imunoglobulinebis 0.2%-s. IgD, IgA-sTan
erTad aris momwifebuli B ujredis mier eqspresirebuli
membranasTan bmuli mTavari imunoglobulini da misi
fiziologiuri roli am ujredSi jer kidev Seswavlis sagans
warmoadgens. misi aranairi biologiuri funqcia ar aris
identificirebuli.

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