Online Food Ordering system

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Award of DIPLOMA of PGDCA
2023 – 2024
Pt. J.L.N. GOVT. COLLEGE
FARIDABAD

Submitted by- Submitted to -

Name- Deepak Singh DR..RADHA
Class - PGDCA-2nd Semester
Registration No. 1811391562
University Roll No. 2004737

MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY

is an Indian public university in Rohtak, Haryana Established in 1976,

An ISO 9001:2008 & 14001-2004Certified Institute

NAAC Re-Accredited Grade “A” University

 Certificate from the Company

Date…………..

This is to Certify that Mr. Ajay Dagar a student of Pt. J.L.N Govt. college Faridabad, has successfully
completed the Summer Training Programme of 50 days training in this company.

The duration of the training was from 18-5- 2o24 to 13-6- 2o24. During this Period, we found him / her
regular & sincere. The area in which he / she worked as a trainee as SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT and
the project title was PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

(Signature of the Concerned Head)

Seal
 STUDENT UNDERTAKING

I Deepak Singh have completed the Project titled “Online Food Ordering System”
under the guidance of Dr. Radha in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award for the diploma of PGDCA in PT. Jawaharlal Nehru Govt. College,
Faridabad.

This is an original piece of work & I have neither copied and nor submitted it earlier
elsewhere.

Deepak Singh

Students Signature Submitted by:

Deepak Singh
 Certificate
(Letter head)

This is to certify that the project titled “PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is an academic
work done by “AJAY DAGAR” submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the DIPLOMA of “PGDCA” (POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA COMPUTER
APPLICATION)” from “PT. J.L.N. GOVT COLLEGE FARIDABAD” under my guidance &
direction. To the best of my knowledge and belief the data & information presented by him/her in
the project has not been submitted earlier.

DR. RADHA

Name of the Faculty Guide

 Certificate
(On Letter head)
This is to certify that the project titled “PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is an
academic work done by “AJAY DAGAR” submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of the DIPLOMA of “PGDCA” from “PT. J.L.N. GOVT COLLEGE
FARIDABAD” under my guidance & direction. To the best of my knowledge and belief the data &
information presented by him/her in the project has not been submitted earlier

Dr. Poonam Ahlawat Principal

Pt J.L.N Govt College

Faridabad

(HOD OF COMPUTER DEPARTMANT)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely grateful and remain indebted to my guide DR.. RADHA for being a source of
inspiration and for her constant support in the Design, Implementation and Evaluation of the
project. I am thankful to her for constant constructive criticism and invaluable suggestions,
which benefited me a lot while developing the project on “PAYROLL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM”, She has been a constant source of inspiration and motivation for hard work, she
has been very co-operative throughout this project work. With candor and pleasure I take
opportunity to express my sincere thanks and obligation to DR.. RADHA, . Through this
column, it would be my utmost pleasure to express my warm thanks to him for the
encouragement, co-operation and consent without which we mightn’t be able to accomplish
this project.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my team member PRACHI AGGARWAL developing
the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the support, encouragement & patience of my family, and as
always, nothing in my life would be possible without God, Thank You!
 PREFACE

The project on “PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is aimed in helping marketing people to

gather, analyze and produce information required during marketing for an organization. It provides
information regarding the booking details and price charges to the user. This project also reflects the
growth of the organization on the basis of sale of tickets. Here the main emphasis is on booking and
allocation of seats to the user in accordance to the preference chosen by the user. This project tries to
sell movie tickets online and provides services like movie synopsis. The user can also choose to
register and thus become a regular member of the ticketing system. The marketing part can be
studied by the administrator which includes sales in a zone, district, city and theatre wise.
 CONTENTS

CHAPTERS
CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction about Company………………………………………11
1.2 Introduction about Project…………………………………………12-13
1.3 Present state of the art……………………………………………..13
1.4 Need of Computerization of System………………………………13
1.5 Proposed Software…………………………………………………13

CHAPTER 2- SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Feasibility Study of s/w includes its types……………………….
2.2 Analysis Methodology (Types)…………………………………..
2.3 Choice of PlatforDR. s/w & h/w…………………………………..

CHAPTER 3-SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 Design methodology……………………………………………
3.2 Database Design……………………………………………......
3.3 Screen Design…………………………………………………..
3.4 Report Design………………………………………………......

CHAPTER 4-TESTING

4.1 Testing Methodology(Types)………………………………..

4.2 Unit Testing…………………………………………………
4.3 Module testing………………………………………………
4.4 System Testing………………………………………………
4.5 Alpha/ Beta Testing…………………………………………
4.6 Black Box And White Box Testing…………………………

CHAPTER 5-CONCLUSION AND REFRENCES

5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………….
5.2 Limitation of the system……………………………………
5.3 Future Scope for Modification……………………………..
5.4 Refrences…………………………………………………..
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction about Company
1.2 Introduction about Project
1.3 Present state of the art
1.4 Need of Computerization of System
1.5 Proposed Software (What would s/w accomplish?)

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction about Company
GALLIUM Industries Ltd. was established in 1985 by qualified and experienced professionals to cater to
the sophisticated equipment requirements of the Tube Industry worldwide. During this period tube plants
available in the country were either being imported from USA, Germany and other advanced countries, or
they were being locally fabricated which could not match the ever growing demands of the Tube Industry.
It was GALLIUM’S MISSION to cater to the Global Tube Industry with the STATE OF THE ART
Equipment, continuously develop the international technology and then cater to the market. With this
mission the company started supplying complete tube plants to the major tube producers in the world.
GALLIUM initiated a new era in the field of tubes produced in India. The first mill manufactured
by GALLIUM was for 100 m/min. line speed with sophisticated entry line and computerised length control
system for the flying cut off. Since then company has successfully supplied mills with line speed 150
m/min. or more.In the International front GALLIUM manufactured equipment are working in 29 countries
including developed countries like USA, UK, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Egypt, Malaysia, China, Taiwan,
Thailand , Oman, Jordan, Zimbabwe, Pakistan and many other countries. A number of repeat orders have
been received from these companies.
GALLIUM is amongst a very few companies in the world who can offer complete Tube Plants and services
including all toolings and turnkey solutions by providing plant engineering for all utilities and auxiliary
equipment.

NTPC Limited (formerly known as National Thermal Power Corporation Limited) is a Central Public
Sector Undertaking (CPSU) under the Ministry of Power, Government of India, engaged in the business of
generation of electricity and allied activities. It is a company incorporated under the Companies Act 1956
and a "Government Company" within the meaning of the act .The headquarters of the company is situated
at Rohtak. NTPC's core business is generation and sale of electricity to state-owned power distribution
companies and State Electricity Boards in India. The company also undertakes consultancy and turnkey
project contracts that comprise of engineering, project management, construction management and
operation and management of power plants. The company has also ventured into oil and gas exploration
and coal mining activities. It is the largest power company in India with an electric power generating
capacity of 42,964 MW. Although the company has approx. 18% of the total national capacity it contributes
to over 27% of total power generation due to its focus on operating its power plants at higher efficiency
levels

1.2 Introduction about Project

“Payroll Management” is a distributed application, developed to evaluate the performance of employees
working in any organization. It maintains the information about a company, personal details of their
employees, also the project details assigned to particular developer. The application is actually a suite of
applications developed using Java.
It is simple to understand and can be used by anyone who is not even familiar with simple employees
system. It is user friendly and just asks the user to follow step by step operations by giving him few options.
It is fast and can perform many operations of a company.
This software package has been developed using the powerful coding tools of JAVA at Front End and
Microsoft Access at Back End. Because of the Visual features, the software is very user friendly. The
package contains different modules like Contacts, Search for property and other useful Links. This version
of the software has multi-user approach. For further enhancement or development of the package, user’s
feedback will be considered.
This project basically deals with five modules and their further sub modules. First module is the employee
module into which we can enter employee details such as his name, address, phone number, his basic salary
and many more. After that we can view the details further by using the employee id, and we can modify the
details also. Similarly in department we have the details of all the HOD’s of the departments. Next comes
the salary module in this we can view the salary issued to the employee. And can issue them to the
employee we want to and can fix it to them.
We can put the grades also in the grade module. Basically we create the grades in this with specified details.
We can view the details accordingly. We can just enter the grade name and can view the details
encapsulated in the grade. Other than this we can view the whole thing all together by getting into the view
grade section.
We can view the report also in this. It can be viewed in this easily that to which the monthly salary has been
allotted and for which month. We can also look out those employees to whom the salary has not been issued
and the further details also such as for which month it has not been issued. This is the basic overview of the
whole project
AIM: To design the record book for employees of a firm.
OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of our project is to prepare a record of all emplyees working in a firm.
 Personal Record of all Employees.
 HODs of all Departments.
 Salary Calculation of all Employees.
 Grade Assigning to all Employees.
 Record of all Emplyees.
1.3 Present state of the art

Presently salary calculation is done manually, it take so much of time to compose salary of all employees. It
also takes very long time to make salary slip ready. Due to manual process some time it takes very long
time, in turn it delays the salary distribution. This is a big problem to manage when salary is not generated
in time. The other main problem is errors, even with double cross check here or there some errors will
happen, this again create large problem. To solve all this the organization require very good software to
take care of all these.

1.4 Need of Computerization of System

The client uses DR. Excel and maintains their records however it is not possible for them to share the data
from multiple system in multi user environment, there is lot of duplicate work, and chance of mistake.
When the records are changed they need to update each and every excel file. There is no option to find and
print previous saved records. There is no security anybody can access any report and sensitive data also
reports of summary. This Payroll Management System is used to overcome the entire problem which they
are facing currently, and making complete atomization of manual system to computerized system.

1.5 Proposed Software (What would s/w accomplish?)

The proposed software will solve all the probleDR. they are facing now. This software is designed such
way that it will generate the salary automatically every month in time. So there not much worries. This
software also equipped with the facility of checking the employees to whom no salary has been sanctioned.
The software built to generate individual pay slip and summary of the payroll.

CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Feasibility Study of s/w includes its types

2.2 Analysis Methodology (Types)
2.3 Choice of PlatforDR. s/w & h/w
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Feasibility Study of s/w includes its types

Feasibility Study
•
Operational Feasibility
•
Technical Feasibility
•
Economical Feasibility
•
Motivational Feasibility
•
Scheduled Feasibility

Feasibility study :

Every project is feasible for given unlimited resources and infinitive time. Feasibility study is anevaluation
of the proposed system regarding its workability, impact on the organization, ability to meet the user needs
and effective use of resources. Thus when a new application is proposed it normally goes through a
feasibility study before it is approved for development .Feasibility and risk analysis and related in many
ways. If a project risk is great and feasibility of producing software is reduced. During the feasibility
analysis in this project has been discussed below in the abovementioned topics.
•
Operational Feasibility:

Feasibility of the working of the system after the installation inthe organization as mentioned in the
feasibility analysis.
•
Technical Feasibility:

Technical feasibility is frequently the most difficult area to ensure this stage. It is essential that the process
of analysis and definition to be conducted parallel toan assessment of the technical feasibility. The
consideration that is normally associated with technical feasibility includes the resources availability of the
Organization where the project is to be developed and implemented. By taking these facts into
consideration before developing the resource availability at Retail Outlet of Hindustan Petroleum was
observed. As very limited resources are required for this project hence this project is considered feasible for
development.
•
Economic Feasibility:

An evaluation of development cost is weighted against the ultimate income or benefits derived from the
developed system. There was no need of extra hardware and software for development of this
project. Hence this project has economically justified for development in this organization.
•
Motivational Feasibility:

An evaluation of the probability that the organization is sufficient motivation to support the development
and implementation of the application with necessary user participation, resources, training etc. The interest
and support shown by the organization during the system study do not seem that the new system developed
to have efficient support from the organization.
•
Schedule Feasibility:

An evaluation of the time needed for the development of this project. The time schedule required for the
development of this project is very important, since more development time effects machine time, costs and
delays in the development of the other systeDR.. So the project should be complete within affixed schedule
time as far as the organization is concerned.
Project Schedule:

The major output of the production process is the project schedule. This is a graphic representation of the
entire project related activities necessary to produce successful project. They allow the project manager to
efficiently coordinate and facilitate the efforts of the entire project team for the live project. This project
schedule dynamic in nature that will undoubtedly be modified as the project proceeds .Without the master
schedule the effective project control would be virtually impossible. If the schedule does not exist it is
impossible to accurately estimate the project status. Projects that are not complete within the time frame
established by the master schedule almost invariably exceed planned costs. The most complaint is that
production takes too much time and costs too much money .For schedule to be effective, it must process
several major characteristics:-
•
Understandable by those who will use it.
•
Sufficient detail to be provide on the basis of measurement and control of project progress.
•
Capable of highlighting critical tasks.
•
Flexible and easily modifiable.
•
Confirm to available resources.

Compatible with the system available in the organization.

2.2 Analysis Methodology (Types)

  Descriptive

 Exploratory

 Inferential

 Predictive

 Causal

 Mechanistic

1. Descriptive (least amount of effort): The discipline of quantitatively describing the main
features of a collection of data. In essence, it describes a set of data.
- Typically the first kind of data analysis performed on a data set
- Commonly applied to large volumes of data, such as census data
-The description and interpretation processes are different steps
- Univariate and Bivariate are two types of statistical descriptive analyses.
- Type of data set applied to: Census Data Set – a whole population

2. Exploratory: An approach to analyzing data sets to find previously unknown relationships.

- Exploratory models are good for discovering new connection.
- They are also useful for defining future studies/questions
- Exploratory analyses are usually not the definitive answer to the question at hand, but only the start
- Exploratory analyses alone should not be used for generalizing and/or predicting
- Remember: correlation does not imply causation
- Type of data set applied to: Census and Convenience Sample Data Set (typically non-uniform)
- a random sample with many variables measured

3. Inferential: AiDR. to test theories about the nature of the world in general (or some part of it) based on
samples of “subjects” taken from the world (or some part of it). That is, use a relatively small sample of
data to say something about a bigger population.
- Inference is commonly the goal of statistical models
- Inference involves estimating both the quantity you care about and your uncertainty about your estimate
- Inference depends heavily on both the population and the sampling scheme
- Type of data set applied to: Observational, Cross Sectional Time Study, and Retrospective Data Set – the
right, randomly sampled population

4. Predictive: The various types of methods that analyze current and historical facts to make predictions
about future events. In essence, to use the data on some objects to predict values for another object.
- The models predicts, but it does not mean that the independent variables cause
- Accurate prediction depends heavily on measuring the right variables
- Although there are better and worse prediction models, more data and a simple model works really well
- Prediction is very hard, especially about the future references
- Type of data set applied to: Prediction Study Data Set – a training and test data set from the same
population

5. Causal: To find out what happens to one variable when you change another.
- Implementation usually requires randomized studies
- There are approaches to inferring causation in non-randomized studies
- Causal models are said to be the “gold standard” for data analysis
- Type of data set applied to: Randomized Trial Data Set – data from a randomized study

6. Mechanistic (most amount of effort): Understand the exact changes in variables that lead to changes in
other variables for individual objects.
- Incredibly hard to infer, except in simple situations
- Usually modeled by a deterministic set of equations (physical/engineering science)
- Generally the random component of the data is measurement error
- If the equations are known but the parameters are not, they may be inferred with data analysis
- Type of data set applied to: Randomized Trial Data Set – data about all components of the system

2.3 Choice of PlatforDR. s/w & h/w

FRONT END:
The programming has been done using the language Java. It is Sun MicrosysteDR.’s strategic language for
platform independent programming. It is easy to use, efficient and flexible. This language is preferred
because one can build a program using this object oriented and platform independent programming with
less effort than with any other programming language. It’s a natural language for building database
applications, owing to the level and sophistication of the tools included with the language.

BACK END:

Microsoft Access is one of the leading database management systeDR. available on the market today. It is
easy to use and administer, and it comes with tools and wizards that make it easy to develop applications.
The database itself has been redesigned to automatically perform many tuning functions, leaving you free to
focus on most important tasks.

PLATFORM USED:

The Payroll Management System is targeted at Microsoft Windows platforDR..

The Java Architecture:

Java’s strength comes from its unique architecture. The Java needed a language that was above all, simple
for the programmer to use. Yet in order to create reliable network applications, Java needed to be able to
run securely over a network and at the same time, work on a wide range of platforDR.. Java fulfills all of
these goals and more.

Working of Java:

As with many other programming languages, Java uses a compiler to convert human-readable source code
into executable prograDR.. Java compiler generates architecture-independent byte codes. The byte codes
can be only a Java virtual machine, which is an ideal Java architecture, usually implemented in software
rather than hardware. The compilation process is illustrated as under.

Java Source Java Compiler Java

Code Byte codes

Java Features:

The major characteristics that make Java such powerful development tool are its security, open standards,
memory management, object oriented, multithreading and it’s distributed and dynamic characteristics.

Simple

Java was designed to be the easy for professional programmer to learn and use effectively. If one already
understands the basic concepts of object oriented programming, learning Java will be even easier.

Robustness

The multiplatform environment of the Web places extraordinary demand on a program, because the
program must execute reliably in a verity of systeDR.. Thus the ability to create robust prograDR. was
given a priority in the design of Java. To better understand how Java is robust, consider two of the reasons
for program failure, memory management mistakes and mishandled exception conditions (i.e. run time
error). Memory management can be difficult, tedious task in traditional programming environments. For
example in C/C++, the programmer must manually allocate and free all dynamic memory. This sometimes
lead to probleDR., because programmer will either forgot to free memory that has been previously allocated
or, worse, try to free some memory that another part of their code is still using. Java virtually eliminates
these probleDR. by managing memory allocation and dallocation, because java provides for you.
Exceptional conditions in traditional environments often arises in a situation such as division by zero or
“file not found” and thy must be managed with cluDR.y and hard-to-hard construct.

Security Features

Security is probably the main problem facing Internet developers. Users are typically afraid of two things:
confidential information being compromised and their computer systeDR. being corrupted or destroyed by
hackers. Java’s built in security addresses both of these concerns. Java built-in security measures ensure
java prograDR. will operates within the rules of the VM & prevent untrustworthy prograDR. from
accessing system resources.

Open Standards/PlatforDR. Independence

Today, java VDR. are available for more than a dozen diff. Hardware and Operating system combination.
The exciting aspect of java’s cross-platform capability is that java class files do not need to be compiled for
each platform in advance. The same compiled java program will work on the PC, Macintosh & every other
platform that runs a java VM. A java application we write on our system today should run on every
supported platform, even those do not exist yet. This reduces the development time by a very big factor.

Distributed and Dynamic

In the windows operating systeDR., parts of prograDR. can be placed into Dynamic link libraries so that
they can be shared and loaded Dynamically; i.e. when the program is running. The operating system does
the final stage of linking at execution time. Using shared DLL (Dynamic Link Library) saves memory and
improves the modality of the software.
Java takes Dynamic Libraries a step further. The VM class loader fetches class files from the network, as
well from the disk, providing location transparency, making java applications distributed as well as
Dynamic.
Object-Oriented

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a way to software that is reusable, extensible & maintainable. Java
is an object-oriented language that is it has facilities for OOP incorporated into the language. In OOPs it
attempts to break a problem into its component parts. The solution focuses on these independent objects and
their relationship to other objects.

Multithreading

A single-threaded application has one thread of execution running at all times, all such programmers can do
only one task at a time. If a single threaded program need to perform a task that will take several-several
minutes. E.g. downloading its user-interface will usually become unresponsive while the task is in progress.
A multithreaded application can have several threads of execution running independently and
simultaneously. Multithreading is commonly used to perform the following functions.
 Maintaining user-interface responsiveness: If our application needs to perform a time consuming
task, we can use multiple threads to prevent our user interface from becoming unresponsive while
the task is in progress. If our program will be downloading information from the Internet, we can
create a separate thread for the Download routine.
This will keep our user-interface running at nearly full-speed while the Download is in progress.

 Simple Multitasking: Multitasking allows us to run multiple instances of a process quit easily. The
Downloading routine just mentioned can be extended so that the program can transfer multiple files
simultaneously and still will keep the user interface well behaved. All we need to do is create
another thread for each file to Download.
 Building Multi-user Applications: Multithreading is often used when building server applications.
Server applications wait for request to arrive and then establish conversations with the requester. It
is much easier to write a routine that handles a single conversation and spawns multiple copies of
that routine than it is to write a piece of code that handles multiple conversations at once.
 Multiprocessing: Many operating system support machines with multiple processors. Most these
system are unable to break a single thread of execution into multiple pieces
for execution on diff. Processors. By breaking an application into diff. Threads, it is possible to
make the best use of processing power.
Java synchronized keyword can be used to prevent two threads from entering the same critical block of
code at the same time. This is vital because some program steps t need to be made together as one atomic
group.

Java Packages

Java packages simply collect classes on more pragmatic basis. Classes with related functionality are
bundled together in same packages, whether they share code, data, or neither. In addition to their obvious
structuring benefits packages use namespace partitioning, which means that every class contained in a
package has a unique name that cannot conflict (collide) with class name defined elsewhere.
Since packages give an easy handle on the entire hierarchy, they will guide to explore the java class
hierarchy. The java 1.2 releases have about 60 java. * packages. The most commonly used packages are:
 Package java.lang contains the main language support classes. These with object wrappers, strings,
multithreading, and related areas.
 Package java.util contains language support classes of more utilitarian nature. These include
collection and calendar classes, as well as some abstract design codified by the interfaces
comparator, iterator and observer.
 Package java.io provides device-independent file and steam I/O service.
 Package java.awt hides the bulk of all graphical classes. Because it contains java’s abstract window
tool kit (AWT), contained in java.awt and 12 sub packages, the package should really be considered
as the heart of the entire hierarchy.
 Package java.net combines the classes supporting low-level Internet programming plus pluggable
look-and-feel.
 Package javax.swing combines the classes for interfacing in a graphical manner.
 Package java.sql provides the classes & methods for database connectivity.

MICROSOFT ACCESS (BACK END):

A database is a collection of information stored somewhere for easy organization and exploration.
Databases are used in various situations such as keeping a record of friends, registering employees job
attendance, counting the number of students in a classroom and keeping a record of their grades. This
means that we have been using databases all our life. We are going to learn how to use the computer to
create and exploit databases. We will use Microsoft Access. Learning how to use Microsoft Access and
some programming is just a matter of applying your already tremendous knowledge on information storage
and retrieval. Microsoft Access is a software product used for desktop database applications. You can use it
for personal stuff, for home, or for your business/company

2.3.1 Software used

The Java Development Kit (JDK):

The JDK is original Java Development environment for many of today’s Java professionals. JDK is
considered to be the reference implementation of Java. If the application is build and tested with JDK, it
should run on any third party implementation such as in web browser, development tools or device-specific
VM’s. The JDK can create a display graphical application, but the JDK itself has a somewhat primitive
command-line interface. The JDK prograDR. are run by typing the command into command shell window.
The JDK consists of a library of standard classes and collection of utilities for building, testing, and
documenting java prograDR.. The core AP include some important language constructs as well as graphics,
network and file I/O capabilities.
JDK Utilities
The following utilities of JDK are used
Java: The Java compiler. Converts java source code into byte code.
Java: The Java Interpreter. Executes Java application byte code directly from the class

Building Application With JDK

After the JDK is installed, its time to take it for a test drive. The Java application is completed, executed,
disassembled, documented, and interfaced to the C Language.

Java Application Source Code

Java source code can be written with simple text editor. Note pad can also be used. Most of source code is
written in Microsoft Developer Studio. The codes defined the Java classes, which contains the method
main(). When the Java interpreter tries to execute the class it will look for the method main(). The VM will
execute this function to run the program. The name of Java source file is not arbitrary; it must be the same
as the name of the public class defined in each file. If no public class is defined in java source file, the name
of the file can be anything. Now Java program is ready to compile.
Using Java c

The Java c compiler converts the Java source code into Java byte code, which can be executed by Java. If
the Java code is acceptable to the compiler, the .Java file, the file .class contains the byte code that can be
executed by Java VM on any platform. The name of classes and methods and method used by the class file
must be stored in byte code in order to access those classes and methods on the destination system.

Using java

After compiling, the program is run with java interpreter by entering following commands. Java
program_name.The interpreter has many command line options, most of which are function likely to be
used by advanced java programmers. A prifiler is used to analyze how
much time a program spends in each part of code. The use of prof option of the interpreter with the
command.
Java-prof program_name
Then a file called java.prof will be created. This file shows how many times each method is called and how
many milliseconds are spending in executing each one.

GUI SWINGS:

A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a visual paradigm which allows a user to communicate with a program
in an intuitive way. Its main features are widgets (aka controls) and event driven activities. Clients expect a
graphical interface in an application.

Java has two GUI packages, the original Abstract Windows Toolkit (AWT) and the newer Swing. AWT uses
the native operating system's window routines and therefore the visual effect is dependent on the run-time
system platform. But this is contrary to the concept of having a virtual model. Swing allows three modes: a
unified 'Java' look and feel [the default], the native platform look, or a specific platform's look. Swing is
built on the original objects and framework of AWT. Swing components have the prefix J to distinguish
them from the original AWT ones (eg JFrame instead of Frame). To include Swing components and
methods in your project you must import the java.awt.*, java.awt.event.*, and javax.swing.* packages.
CONTAINERS, FRAMES AND CONTENT PANES:

Containers are widgets (GUI controls) that are used to hold and group other widgets such as text fields and
checkboxes. Displayable frames are top-level containers such as JFrame, JWindow, JDialog, JApplet and
JInternal Frame which interface to the operating system's window manager. Non-displaying content panes
are intermediate containers such as JPanel , JOptionPane , JScrollPane, JLayeredPane, JSplitPane and
JTabbedPane which organize the layout structure when multiple controls are being used . JWindow is an
unadorned container that has been superceded for the most part by JDialog. However it does provide a
useful container for a splash screen.

JFRAME AND JPANEL:

JFrame is the most commonly used top-level container. It adds basic functionality such as minimize,
maximize, close, title and border to basic frames and windows. Some important JFrame methods are:
setBounds(x,y,w,h), setLocation(x,y), setSize(w,h), setResizable(bool), setTitle(str), setVisible(bool),
isResizable() and getTitle(). The set DefaultCloseOperation (constant) method controls the action that
occurs when the close icon is clicked. Normally the constant used is JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE.JPanel is
the most commonly used content pane. An instance of the pane is created and then added to a frame. The
add() method allows widgets (GUI components) to be added to the pane.

EVENT LISTENERS:

GUIs are event-based. That is they respond to buttons, keyboard input or mouse activities. Java uses event
listeners to monitor activity on specified objects and react to specific conditions. . For techniques on
organizing many different events in larger projects, view advanced event listeners.
The first step in adding a basic button push event handler to the above example is to import awt.event.*
which contains all of the event classes. Next add the phrase implements ActionListener to the class header.
Register event listeners for each button widget using the addActionListener (this) method.
2.3.2 Hardware used

Requirement Enterprise Architect Professional

Processor Pentium III-class, 600MHz1 Same

RAM Windows 2000 Professional — 96 Same

MB; Windows 2000 Server — 192
MB; Windows XP Home — 96 MB;
Windows XP Professional &
Windows Server 2003 — 192 MB
Recommended: 128 MB for 2000
Professional, 256 MB for 2000
Server, 160 MB for XP Home, 256
MB for XP Professional & Windows
Server 20031

Available Hard Disk 900 MB on system drive, 4.1 GB Same

Space installation drive2

Operating System Windows® 2000, Windows XP, Same

Windows Server 2003
 CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 Design methodology

3.2 Database Design
3.3 Screen Design
3.4 Report Design
 (Include DFD/ERD/OOAD/ Screen Shots/ Reports & Data Base

Design)

SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 Design methodology

A software require specification document tells us what a system does and becomes input to the design
process. The purpose of design phase is to produce a solution to problem given SRS document.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document

The SRS is a specification for a particular software product, program or a set of program that perform
certain functions in specified environment. The two scenarios entirely different purpose for the document.
First case SRS is used to define the needs and expectations of the user. The second case, SRS is written for
different purpose and serve as a centre document between customers and develop.
Nature of SRS: -
The basic issues that SRS writer shall address the following.
1.Functionality: - What the software supposed to do?
2. External Interface: - How does the software interact with people, the system hardware
and other software?
3. Attributes: -What re the considerations for portability, correctness, security, reliability etc.?

Characteristic of a good SRS An SRS should be

1. Correct
2. Complete
3. Consistent
4. Verifiable
5. Modifiable
6. Traceable
A well-designed, well-written SRS accomplishes four major goals:

 It provides feedback to the customer. An SRS is the customer's assurance that the development

 It serves as a product organization understands the issue or probleDR. to be solved and the software
behavior necessary to address those probleDR..

 It decomposes the problem into component parts. The simple act of writing down software requirements
in a well-designed format organizes information, place borders around the problem, solidifies ideas and
help break down the problem into its component parts into an orderlyfashion.

 It serves as an input to the design specification. As mentioned previously, the SRS serves as the parent
document to subsequent software design specification and statement of work. Therefore the SRS must contain
sufficient detail in the functional system requirement so that a design solution can be devised.

 Validation check. The SRS also serves as a parent document for testing and validation strategies that
will be applied for the requirements for verification.
SRS are typically developed during the first stage of "Requirements Development" which is the initial
product development phase in which information is gathered about what requirements are needed or not.
This information gathering stage can include onsite visit, questionnaires, surveys, interviews and perhaps a
return-on-investment (ROI) analysis of the customer or client's current business environment. The actual
specifications, then is written after the requirements have been gathered and analyze.
SRS INCLUDE:
Several standard organizations (including the IEEE) have identified nine topics that must be addressed
when designing and writing an SRS:

1) Interfaces
2) Functional capabilities
3) Performance Levels
4) Data Structure Elements
5) Safety
6) Reliability
7) Security/Privacy
8) Quality
9) Constraints

TABLES:

Mainly, in this project we have four tables that are employee table, department table, salary table and grade
table. After filling all the enteries the detail of all the employees are ready.
STATUS: Working

AREAS OF APPLICATION: For Small Scale Industries

TARGET USERS: Large scale version can be implemented in both small scale & medium scale.
ADVANTAGES: 1. Cost effective
2. Simple to operate
Design Process

The computer system design process is an exercise of specifying how, the system will work. It is an
iterative process, which is based on what the system will be do as shown in the feasibility report.Mainly,
following five parts have been included in the system design process

Output Design

The starting point of the design process is the proper knowledge of system requirements which will
normally be converted in terDR. of output.

Input Design

Once the output requirements have been finalized, the next step is to find out what data need to be made
available to the system to produce the desired outputs. The basic documents in which these data are
available need to be identified. If necessary, these documents may have to be revised or new documents
may have to be introduced.

File Design

Once the input data is captured in the system, these may to be preserved either for a short or long period.
These data will generally be stored in files in a logical manner. The designer will have to devise the
techniques of storing and retrieving data from these files.

Procedure Design

This step involves specifications of how processing will be performed. In this, there are two aspects:

 Computer Procedure

The computer procedure will specify what functions will be carried out on computer, what will be
different prograDR. and in what sequence the prograDR. will be run.

 Non-computer procedure

The non-computer procedure will specify the manual procedures for feeding input data, receiving outputs
etc.
  Control Design

The control design indicates necessary procedures which will ensure correctness of processing, accuracy of
data, timely output etc. this will ensure that the system is functioning as per plan.

 Development and Deployment Design

Major responsibilities include system Requirement Study, Preparing System Design Document, Preparing
the Program (Form) Specs, Peer Review of the Specs, Implement Quality procedures as per the QDR.
Document, Documentation of SRS Revalidation & Design Documents, thorough grasping of the user
functionality and applying, approving the same in the project, Developing, Testing & Debugging of
ForDR., User Training and Implementation of the module.

 INPUT DESIGN(Introduction)

Once the analysis and design of the system has been done, it would be necessary to identify the data that are
required to be processed to produce the outputs. Input is one of the most expensive phases of the operation
of a computerized system and creates sometimes a major problem. Different type of problem with a system
can usually be traced back to faulty input design method needless to say, therefore, that the input data are
the lifeblood of a system and have to be analyzed and designed with utmost care and consideration. Input
design features can ensure the reliability of the system and generate correct reports form the accurate data.
The input design also determines whether the user can interact efficiently with the system.

 Elements of Input Data

Inaccurate input data are the most common cause of errors in data processing. Errors entered by data entry
operators can be controlled by input design. Input data are collected and organized into groups of similar
data. Once identified, appropriate input media are selected for processing.

 Input Data

The goal of designing input data is to make data entry as easy, logical and error free from errors as possible.
In entering data, operators need to know the following:

 The allocated space for each field.

 Field sequence, which much match that in the source document.
 The format in which data fields are entered for example, filling out the date field is required through the
edited format mm/dd/yy.
 When we approach input data design, we design the source document. Let us elaborate on each step.
 Source Documents

Source data are captured initially on original paper or a source document. For example, a cheque written
against an account is a source document. When it reaches the bank, it is encoded with special magnetic ink
character recognition so that a reader that is part of the information system of the bank can process it.
Therefore, source documents initiate a processing cycle as soon as they are entered into the system. Source
documents may be entered into the system from punch cards, from diskettes, or even directly through the
keyboard.

A source document should be logical and easy to understand. Each area in the form should be clearly
identified and should specify for the user what to write and where to write it.A source document may or
may not be retained in the proposed system. Thus, each source document may be evaluated in terDR. of Its
continued use in the proposed system .The extent of modification for the proposed system & Replacement
by an alternative source document.

Input Design Guidelines

The design of input play very significant role in getting the correct output. It covers al phases of input from
creation of initial data (original recording) to actual entering the data to the system for processing. The input
design is the link that ties the information system into the world of its users. Some features of design may
vary depending on whether the system is batch-oriented or on-line. Here, we will discuss the various
objectives of input design. They focus on:

 Controlling amount of input

 Avoiding delay
 Avoiding errors in data
 Avoiding extra steps
 Keeping the process simple

Each of the five objectives of input design is briefly discussed below:

 Controlling Amount of Data

An effective design controls the quantity of data for input for the following reasons:
Firstly, data preparation and data entry operations depend on people. Since labor costs are high, the cost or
preparing and entering data is also high. It is quite evident, then that reducing data requirements mean
lowering cost through reduced labor expense.
 Secondly, the input phase of computing can be slow process and take many times longer than that needed
by computers to carry out their tasks. In fact, the computer itself may sit idle until data is prepared and input
for processing. By reducing input requirements, the analyst will speed the entire process from data capture
to processing to provide result to users.

 Avoiding Delay

When processing is delayed owing to data preparation or data entry, the cause is called a bottleneck. Avoid
bottlenecks when designing input should always be one of the objectives of the analyst.

 Avoiding Errors in Data

The third objective deals with errors. In one sense, the rate at which errors occur is dependent on the
quantity of data. Since the lower the amount of data is inputted, there are fewer opportunities for the error to
occur.
Firstly, the analyst can reduce this number by reducing the volume of data dust must be entered for each
transaction.
Secondly, the analyst can also affect error rates of an operation through design. The manner in which data
must be entered can reduce the chance of errors.
Still, a third aspect of error control is the need to detect errors when they do occur. Checks and balances in
the data entry prograDR., called input validation techniques, also detect errors input.

OUTPUT DESIGN (Introduction)

Presenting the data processed by a computer-based information system in an attractive and usable form has
become very essential these days’ success and acceptance of a system to some extent depends on good
presentation. Therefore, system analyst must know fully how to design output report in an attractive way.
Many new output devices are being introduced in the market because of recent development in computer
technology. System analyst must be aware of these new technologies and try to use these new output
devices if possible. Currently, excellent graphic displays are widely available. Speech output systeDR. are
also fast emerging.

There are three main reasons why outputs from the computer are required. They are:

 For communication to the persons concerned.

 For re-input to the computer for being connected with other data and further processing.
 For permanent storage.
 Types of Output:

Outputs of a system can take different forDR.. The most common are reports, displays on screen, printed
forDR. etc. the outputs also vary in terDR. of their contents, type of stationery. Frequency and timing etc.
besides, due consideration also need to be given as to who will use the output and for what purpose. All
these points must be kept in mind while designing outputs so that the objectives of the system are met in the
best possible way.

Outputs of a data-processing system can be placed into two categories:

 Application Output
 Operating Output

Application Output

These are the outputs desired out of the system to meet its objectives. These are of three types:

 Output as a basis for decision-making. This type of output is generally required by management for
decision-making purposes.
 Output as a requirement to meet a functional objective. Invoices, Excise Gate Pass, Purchase Orders are
the examples of such output.
 Statutory outputs: All organization is required to produce a certain amount of reports and forDR. as
required by law.

Operating Output

These outputs are mainly generated for use of EDP staff and give various indications as to how the system
operates. System logs, error messages, status indicators etc. are the examples of such output. These types of
output are not concerned for the users.
3.2 Database Design
Database
We have various tables in our project namely:
 Employee Table
 Department table
 Grade Table
 Salary Table

All the above tables are now briefly explained in which the Primary key and the Data Type of all fields are
discussed.

Employee Table
In this Table, we have the various fields to be filled about the employee who are working in the firm. All
the personal details of all employees are filled. These fields include Name, ID, EmailID, etc.of all the
employees.
Field Name Key Data Type
ID Primary Char
Name - Char
Age - int
Address - Int
Contact No. - Int
EmailID - Char
Department - Char
D.O.J - Int
Grade - Char
Department Table

In this Table, entries for the department name and its HOD name are filled that is the HOD is assigned to
the Department. All Departments have their respective HOD.

Field Name Key Data Type

Name Primary Char
HOD Name - Char
Grade Table
Grade Table takes the entries of Basic Salary, HRA, DA, TA, PF, IT and Net Salary are being filed and for
the particular Grade, all these values are assigned. Grade is assigned according to the job of the employee.
Field Name Key Data Type
Name Primary Char
HRA - Int
TA - Int
DA - Int
PF - Int
IT - Int

Salary Table
In Salary Table also, we have the fields for Basic Salary, D.O..J, HRA, DA, TA, PF, IT. For the particular
salary, the values of all these fields are assigned.

Field Name Key Data Type

ID Primary Char
BS - Int
DOJ - Int
HRA - Int
 DA - Int
TA - Int
PF - Int
IT - Int
Net Salary - Int
Month - Char

3.3 Screen Design

FORDR.

Frame Name: PAYROLL

This is the main menu of our project. This is the front page or the first page which appears when we start
our project
It has 5 modules namely:
 Employee
 Department
 Salary
 Grade
 Report

Frame Name: NEW EMPLOYEE

It is the first sub-module of employee module.in this form, the personal details of each employee
Is filled and saved. Personell details are like emp id name ,last name ,address, date of joining ,email
id, department name, basic salary of the employee and many more.

Frame Name: VIEW EMPLOYEE

In this sub module, the details of the employee can be viewed by entering his id.
That is we just have to enter the id given to each and every employee and can get all the input details of it

Frame Name: EMPLOYEE TABLE

In this form all the details of each and every employee can be viewed in the table frame.the table comprises
of all the details related to the employee his id, name ,age ,contact number,date of joining,grade and basic
salary allotted to him.

Frame Name: MODIFY EMPLOYEE

In this frame, details of employee can be modified and then can be saved in the database. In this we can
change any entry of the employee for instance if his basic salary has been increased we can go to the
modify table and can change the entry in the basic salary text table and this can be saved in the database.

Frame Name: NEW DEPARTMENT

In this frame , new HOD is assigned to the respective departments and then the record is saved in the
database by pressing the save button. The new department frame can also be canceled using the cancle
button.

Frame Name: VIEW DEPARTMENT BY NAME

In this, the name of the department is entered and by doing this we can view the respective HOD of the
above mentioned department. This can be canceled also by pressing the cancle button.

Frame Name: DEPARTMENT TABLE

All the departments with their respective HOD’s can be viewed easily in this frame. There are two slide
bars used in this frame to look right and bottom.

Frame Name: SALARY ISSUE TABLE

All the information about an employee can be viewed in this section. All the pre decided things come here
first and then we basically enter the date and the respected month and the year. And then press the issue
button.

Frame Name: VIEW SALARY TABLE

The salary of all the employees can be viewed including their HRA, TA, DA, PF, etc.in this table we can
view all the salary related details of the employee with respect to his employee id.

Frame Name: NEW GRADE FRAME

In this frame we can enter the HRA, TA, DA and many more things, with respect to the new above
mentioned grade and this grade can be seted and can be allotted to any of the employee.
Then we can save the details using the save button into the database.

Frame Name: VIEW GARDE BY NAME

All the information about the respective grade can be viewed easily by just entering the grade name. we can
view that how much HRA, how much TA, DA, PF and IT is given to grade we have mentioned above and
we can view them easily.

Frame Name: GRADE TABLE FRAME

In this frame, all the information of all grades can be viewed.in this basically we go to the view option in
grade module and can get all the details of all the grades in a tabular form.

Frame Name: REPORT OF MONTHLY SALARY

In this module the month and year are entered and then the information about employee to whom the salary
is issued can be viewed. It basically comes in tabular form and we can get the further details according to
our needs. We can view all the employees with their respective salaries issued to them in the respective
month.
Frame Name: EMPLOYEE WITH NO SALARY

In this sub module of the report module we can view all the employees with their respective salary details,
to whom the salaries have not been issued for the above mentioned month and year. This sub module
basically gives the list of all the employees to whom the salaries are not issued.
3.4 Report Design

(Include DFD/ERD/OOAD/ Screen Shots/ Reports & Data Base Design)

0 LEVEL DFD
Employee

Department

Salary Grade

Report

1st LEVEL DFD:

Employee

Modify

New
View Employee

All
 Id

Employee
Database Design
EXECUTION PHASE:
In this phase we will enter the details of an employee and we will save the record in the database.in this we
will do the things stepwise and these are as follows:

STEP1:
 First of all we go to the main menu frame into which we can see the modules.
 For entering the employee details we will enter into the employee modules and go the new option.
STEP 2:
 We will now enter all the details required to create a new employee record.
 First of all we will enter the name, age, address, contact number, department, grade,
basic salary and many more.
 In this we do not need to enter the employee id as it will come by its own.
STEP 3:
 In this after entering all the details we will get the the record saved by pressing the save
button and this can be seen below.
STEP 4:
 If we want to see all the details we just go to the view option in the employee module and can select
all in that
 We can see the entered record in this table.
CHAPTER 4 TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Testing Methodology (Types)

4.2 Unit Testing
4.3 Module Testing
4.4 System Testing
4.5 Alpha/ Beta Testing
4.6 White Box Black Box Testing
4.7 Implementation
4.8 Post Implimentation
 4.1
Testing Methodology (Types)

Test cases are developed using various test techniques to achieve more effective testing. By this, software
completeness is provided and conditions of testing which get the greatest probability of finding errors are
chosen. So, testers do not guess which test cases to chose, and test techniques enable them to design testing
conditions in a systematic way. Also, if one combines all sorts of existing test techniques, one will obtain
better results rather if one uses just one test technique. Software can be tested in two ways, in another
words, one can distinguish two different methods:
 Black box testing and
 White box testing.

4.2 Unit Testing

Unit testing, also known as component testing , refers to tests that verify the functionality of a
specific section of code, usually at the function level. In an object-oriented environment, this is
usually at the class level, and the minimal unit tests include the constructors and destructors.

These types of tests are usually written by developers as they work on code (white-box style), to
ensure that the specific function is working as expected. One function might have multiple tests,
to catch corner cases or other branches in the code. Unit testing alone cannot verify the
functionality of a piece of software, but rather is used to assure that the building blocks the
software uses work independently of each other.

Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a

broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software
development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during
the construction phase of the software development lifecycle. Rather than replace traditional
QA focuses, it augments it. Unit testing aiDR. to eliminate construction errors before code is
promoted to QA; this strategy is intended to increase the quality of the resulting software as
well as the efficiency of the overall development and QA process.
Depending on the organization's expectations for software development, unit testing might
include static code analysis, data flow analysis metrics analysis, peer code reviews, code
coverage analysis and other software verification practices.

4.3Integration Testing

Integration testing is any type of software testing that seeks to verify the interfaces between
components against a software design. Software components may be integrated in an iterative
way or all together ("big bang"). Normally the former is considered a better practice since it
allows interface issues to be located more quickly and fixed .Integration testing works to expose
defects in the interfaces and interaction between integrated components (modules).
Progressively larger groups of tested software components corresponding to elements of the
architectural design are integrated and tested until the software works as a system

4.4System Testing

System testing, or end-to-end testing, tests a completely integrated system to verify that it meets
its requirements. For example, a system test might involve testing a logon interface, then
creating and editing an entry, plus sending or printing results, followed by summary processing
or deletion (or archiving) of entries, then logoff.

In addition, the software testing should ensure that the program, as well as working as expected,
does not also destroy or partially corrupt its operating environment or cause other processes
within that environment to become inoperative (this includes not corrupting shared memory, not
consuming or locking up excessive resources and leaving any parallel processes unharmed by
its presence).
4.5Alpha/ Beta Testing

 Alpha testing

Alpha testing is simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an

independent test team at the developers' site. Alpha testing is often employed for off-the-shelf
software as a form of internal acceptance testing, before the software goes to beta testing.

 Beta testing

Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance
testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience
outside of the programming team. The software is released to groups of people so that further
testing can ensure the product has few faults or bugs. Sometimes, beta versions are made
available to the open public to increase the feedback field to a maximal number of future users

4.6White Box Black Box Testing

White box testing is highly effective in detecting and resolving probleDR., because bugs (bug or fault is a
manifestation of an error in a software) can often be found before they cause trouble. We can shortly define
this method as testing software with the knowledge of the internal structure and coding inside the program .
White box testing is also called white box analysis, clear box testing or clear box analysis. It is a strategy
for software debugging (it is the process of locating and fixing bugs in computer program code or the
engineering of a hardware device) in which the tester has excellent knowledge of how the program
components interact. This method can be used for Web services applications, and is rarely practical for
debugging in large systeDR. and networks ). Besides white box testing is considered as a security testing
(the process to determine that an information system protects data and maintains functionality as
intended)method that can be used to validate whether code implementation follows intended design, to
validate implemented security functionality, and to uncover exploitable vulnerabilities Black box testing is
testing software based on output requirements and without any knowledge of the internal structure or
coding in the program .In another words, a black box is any device whose workings are not understood by
or accessible to its user. For example, in telecommunications, it is a resistor connected to a phone line that
makes it impossible for the telephone company’s equipment to detect when a call has been answered. In
data mining, a black box is an algorithm that doesn’t provide an explanation of how it works. In film–
making, a black box is a dedicated hardware device: equipment that is specifically used for a particular
function, but in the financial world, it is a computerized trading system that doesn’t make its rules easily
available.

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES

5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Limitation of System
5.3 Future Scope for Modification
5.4 References/ Bibliography

5.1 Conclusion

With the theoretical inclination of our syllabus it becomes very essential to take the utmost advantage of
any opportunity of gaining practical experience that comes along. The construction of this Minor Project
“PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” was one of these opportunities. It gave us the requisite practical
knowledge to supplement the already taught theoretical concepts thus making us more competent as a
computer engineer.

The project from a personal point of view also helped us in understanding the following aspects of project
development:

 The planning that goes into implementing a project.

 The importance of proper planning and an organized methodology.
 The key element of team spirit and co-ordination in a successful project
The project also provided us the opportunity of interacting with our teachers and to gain from their vast
experience.

5.2 Limitation of System

 In the present system we cannot search for the report of an employee by entering the name of that
employee. Search is based on the employee id.
 If the payroll company is understaffed and has an abundance of clients, it may become difficult to
reach someone when you need it immediately such as when paycheck discrepancies arise.
 Because the payroll company is located off-site, it is difficult to always know what’s going on with
your payroll until the actual pay date arrives

5.3 Future Scope for Modification

 Although we tried to be as thorough as possible in the implementation of our project but there were
a large number of features we could not implement due to want of time or for other reasons.

5.4 References/ Bibliography

 Complete reference-java

 https:// java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorials/jdbc/basics.html

 http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorials/SWINGS/index.html

 http://www.jguru.com/help/User-guide.html

 https://www.javagalaxy.com