SOIL COMPACTION SOURCE 1

133.) An undisturbed sample of material taken from a borrow pit has a void ratio of 0.70.Results of the
Proctor compaction test indicate that the material as compacted on the roadway will have a void ratio of
0.48.What shrinkage factor should be used in computing borrow and embankment quantities?

134.) The relative Compaction of a sand in the field is 94%. The max and min dry unit weights of the sand
are 16.2 kn/m^3 and 14.8 m^3 respectively.

135.) A compacted soil with a wet density of 18.5 kn/m^3 has 97% of Its pore space filled with water at a
moisture content of 29.5%

136.) In order to determine the relative density of a soil sample the following data were obtained using a
compaction mold naving a mass of 5925 g and a volume of 948 cm^3

137.) A field compacted of sandy loam was found to have a wet density of 2181 kg/m' at a water content
of 10 percent. Themaximum dry density of the soil obtained in a Standard Proctor Test was 2000
kg/m^3. Assume specific gravity (Ggj to be 2.65.Compute the following:

138.) The following data were obtained from a field-density test on a compacted fill of sandy clay.
Laboratory moisture density test on the fill material Indicated a maximum dry density of 1924.8 kg/m^3
at an optimum water content of 11 percent

139.) An embarkment with a total volume of 20000 cu.m. is to be constructed as part of a highway
project. The soil to be used in the embankment will come from a borrow pit where the average moist
unit weight and water content of the soil is 17.6 kN/m^3 and 12% respectively. Assuming that the soil
will be compacted to a dry density of 18.2 kN/m at a moisture content of 16%.

140.) A sample of soil compacted according to the Standard Proctor Test has a unit weight of 20.63 kN/m
^3 at 100 percent compaction and at the optimum water content of 14 percent. Assume that the solid
matter has a specific gravity of 2.67

141.) A measure of density of compacted fills as part of the specification requirement was performed by
digging a hole in the soil, weighing the extracted soil and measuring the volume of the hole. The soil
(moist) weighed 900 grams, and the volume of the hole was 420 cm^3. After drying the sample welghed
770 grams. Of the dried soil. 410 grams was poured Into a vessel in a very loose state. Its volume was
subsequently determined to be 280 cm^3. The same 410 grams of dried soil was then vibrated and
tamped to a volume of 220 cm^3. If the sp.gr. of the soil sample is 2.70

142.) Specifications for a proposed earth fill require that the soil be compacted to 95% of Standard
proctor dry density. Tests on glacial Lili borrow material indicatesfmax = 19.51 kN/m3 at an optimum
watercontent of 12%. The borrow material in its natural condition has a void ratio of 0.60. If sp.gr. is 2.65

143.) The laboratory compaction test has a max dry unit weight of 19 kN/m3 with an optimum moisture
content of 11%.Following are the results of a field unit weight determination test performed on the
same soil by means of sand cone method

144.) The laboratory compaction test of a certain type of soil gives a maximum dry density of 1.485
Mg/m3 with an optimum moisture content of 12.5%. The following are the results of a field unit weight
determination test using sand cone method.
145.) Sand cone equipment is used to determine an in-place unit weight (field density test) on a
compacted earth fill. Ottowa sand is used in the cone and is knowm to have a bulk density of 1604
kg/m3. The laboratory moisture-unit weight curve indicates a dry unit w. of 19.20 kN/m3 and an
optimum moisture content of 13%

147.) The laboratory test results of a Standard Froctor Test are given in the following table.

An embankment for a highway 30 m. wide and 1.5 m. in compacted thickness is to be constructed from a
sandy soil trucked from a borrow pit The water content of the sandy soil in the borrow pit is 15% and its
void ratio is 0.69. the specification requires the embankment to be compacted to a dry unit weight of 18
kN/m3, sp.gr. of soil = 2.7.For a 1 km. length of embankment, compute the foll.

An earth dam requires 1 million cu.m. of soil compacted to a void ratio of 0.80. In the vicinity of the
proposed darn, three borrow pits were identified as having suitable materials. The cost of purchasing the
soil and the cost of excavation are the same for each borrow pit. The only cost difference is
transportation cost. The table below provides the void ratio and the transportation cost for each borrow
pit

153.) A Proctor compaction test has been performed on a soil that has Gs = 2.70. The test results were as
follows:

155.) Given below are the tabulated results in the feld compaction test.

156.) The results of a Standard Proctor test are given in the following table

157.) A highway embankment is to be constructed along the North Diversion road using soil from a
selected borrow pit. DPWH specifications state that the soil must be placed in layers and compacted to
atleast 95% of the maximum density. Also the water should be added to the fill so that the soil is
compacted at the optimum moisture content. A laboratory test to determine maximum density and
optimum moisture content has been conducted by placing a small sample of this soll into a steel cylinder
and compacting it with a drop hammer. The volume of the cylinder is 0.00094 cu.m. The following data
has been obtained from this test

158.) A proposed embankment fill requires 5000 m3 of compaction soil. The void ratio of the compacted
fill Is specified as 0.70, Four borrow pits are available, as described in the following table, which lists the
respective void ratios of the soil and the cost per cu.m. for moving the soil to the proposed construction
site

159.) There were 6 undisturbed soil samples from borings in a proposed cut area for a highway
construction.The average dry unit weight achieved in the field id = 16.90kN/m3 and the average
moisture content is 9.1% A Proctor compaction test producesa max. dry unit weight Yd (max) = 19.5
kN/m3 and an optimum moisture content of 12.8%.The estimated plan calls for a 9100 cu.m. of cut and
8800 cu.m. of fill and the DPWH requires a relative compaction of 93%.

160.) The following data were obtained from a field density on a compacted fill of sandy clay. Laboratory
moisture density test on the fill material indicated a max dry density of 18.88 kN/m3 at an optimum
water content of 11 percent
161.) A highway embankment needs 150000 cu.m. to be completed.DPWH requires 95% compaction
and the contractor is to provide soil from a borrow site.

162.) In a construction of a portion of a highway embankment, it uses a granular soil as a sub-base.The

required compactedthickness of the sub-base is 300 mm and the material is to be compacted at a water
content of 12% to a dry unit weight of , 17.3 kN/m3. The borrow material is found to weigh 100 kN per
truck load when it was dumped loosely into a truck having a capacity of 6 cu.m. The water content of the
borrow material was determined from a sample taken from the truck and found to be 10%. Il the width
and length of the portion of a highway is 30 m. and 3600 m. respectively.

163.) The in-situ moisture content of a soil in 18% and the moist unit weight is 105 pcl.The specific
gravity of soil solids is 2.75.This soil is to be excavated and. transported to a construction site for use in a
compacted fill. If the specifications calls for the soil to be compacted to a minimum dry unit weight of
103.5 pcf. at the same moisture content of 18%.
 SOIL COMPACTION SOURCE 2

110.) Specifications on a job required a fill using borrow soil to be compacted at 95% of its standard
Proctor maximum dry density. Tests indicate that this maximum is 19.5 KN/m with 12% moisture. The
borrow material has void ratio of 0.60 and a solid sp. gr. of 2.65

111.) An undisturbed sample of material taken from a borrow pit has a void ratio of 0.70. Results of the
Proctor compaction test indicate that the material as compacted on the roadway will have a void ratio of
0.48, What Shrinkage factor should be used in computing borrow and embankment quantities?

112.) The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 94%. The max. and min. dry unit weights o/ the
sand are 16.2 kN/m and 14.9 m respectively.

113.) A compacted soil with a wet density of 18.5 kN/m has 97% of its pore spaces filled with water at a
moisture content of 29.5%. What is the specific gravity of the soil solids? Determine also the porosity
and void ratio.

113A.) A saturated clay having a thickness of 20 m. has a void ratio of 0.68 and a specitic gravity of 2.7.

113B.) The total weight of soil when saturated 1526g and the weight of the soil after drying is 1053 g. If
the specific gravity of soil is 2.84.

113C.) The unit weight of soil is 15.10 kN/m. The moisture content is 17% when the degree of saturation
is 60%. Determine the following:

114.) In order to determine the relative density of a soil sample the following data were obtained using a
compaction mold having a mass of 5325 g and a volume of 948 cm

115.) A field compacted of sandy loam was found to have a wet density of 136 1b/cu.ft at a water
content of 10 percent. The maximum dry density of the soil obtained in a Standard Proctor Test was 125
lb/cu.ft. Assume specific gravity (G,) to be 265. Compute the following:

116.) Specifications for a proposed earth fill require that a soil be compacted to 95 per cent of Starderd
Proctor dry density. Tests on a glacial-till borrowmaterial indicate Ymax = 124 lb/cuft at an optimum
water content of 12percent. The borrow material in its natural condition has a void ratio of0.60. If G =
2.65,

117.) The following data were obtained from a field-density test on a compacted fill of sandy clay.
laboratory moisture density test on the fill material indicated a maximum dry density of 120 lb/cu.ft. at
an optimum water content of 11 percent.

118.) An embarkment with a total volume of 20000 cu.m. is to be constructed as part of a highway
project. The soil to be used in the embankment will come from a borrow pit where the average moist
unit weight and water content of the soil is 17.6 kN/in and 12% respectively. Assuming that the soil will
be compacted to a dry density of 18.2 kN/m? at a moisture content of 16%.

119.) A sample of soil compacted according to the Standard Proctor Test has & unit weight of 131.1 pcf
at 100 percent compaction and at the optimum water content of 14 per cent. Assume that the solid
matter has a specific. gravity of 2.67.
120.) The field unit weight of the soil sample is 1960 kg/m', and the unit weight of the soil particle is
2700 kg/m'. If the emax = 0.69 and emin = 0.44

121.) A measure of density of compacted fils as part of the specification requirement was performed by
digging a hole in the soil, weighing the extracted soil and measuring the volume of the hole. The soil
(moist) weighed 900 grams, and the volume of the hole was 420 cm?. After drying. the sample weighed
779 grams. Of the dried soil. 410 grams was poured into a vessel in a very loose state. Its volume was
subsequently determined to be 280 cm?. The same 410 grams of dried soil was then vibrated and
tamped to a volume of 220 cm?. If the sp.gr. of the soil sample is 2.70.

122.) Specifications for a proposed earth fill require that the soil be compacted to 95% of Standard
proctor dry density. Tests or glacial till borrow materialindicates Ymax = 19.51 kN/m at an optimum
water content of 12%. Theborrow material in its natural cundition has a void ratio of 0.60. If sp.gr. is
2.65,

123.) Sand cone equipment is used to perform a field density test on a compacted carth fill. Sand is used
in the cone and is known to have a bulk density of 15.74 kN/m.

123A.) A sand-cone in place unit test was conducted on the field during the construction of a proposed
embankment of the North Diversion Extension.The following data were obtained in the field.

123B.) The Laboratory cempaction test has a max. dry density of 19 kN/m' with an optimum moisture
content of 11%. Following are the results of a field unit weight determination test perforned on the same
soil by means of sand cone method.

124.) A balloon - type apparatus is used to perform a field density test.The volume of the test hole
determined by reading the water level graduations on the apparatus cylinder before and after digging
the test hole is 0.0007 cu.m. The wet weight of soil obtained from the test hole is 0.0138 kN. The water
content is determine to be 14 percent by drying a small sample on a field stove. If the tested soil is a
compacted fill whose maximum density from laboratory compaction tests is 18.57 kN/m.Compute the
following:

125.) Determine the max. dry unit weight of the soil.® Determine the optimom moisture
content.Determine the degree of saturation at the optimum moisture content ifG, - 260

126.) The laboratory test results of a Standard Proctor Test are given in the following table.

127.) Laboratory Compaction test results for a clayey silt are given in the following table.

128.) Following are the details for the backfill material in a vibroflotation project.

129.) The maximum and minimum dry unit weights of a sand were determined in the laboratory to be
18.31 kN/nr and 15.25 kN/m respectively.

130.) The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 93.5%. Given that id max =16.98 kN/m and Yd
(min) = 14.46 kN/m.

131.) The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 94%. The maximom and minimum dry unit weights
of the sand are ya (max) - 16.2 kN/m and ya(min) = 14.9 kN/m3. For the field conditions.
132.) The max. and min. dry unit weights of sand were determined in the Inboratory to be 16.5 kN/m3
and 14.6 kN/m3 respectively. The relative density of compaction in the field of the same sand is 70 %.

132A.) A loose, uncompacted sand fill 1.8 m. depth has a relative density of 40% Laboratory tests
indicated that the minimum an maximum void ratios of the sand are 0,46 and 0.90 respectively. Specific
gravity of the solids of the sand is 2.65.

132B.) A sample of sand has à relative density of 40% with a solid specific gravity of2.65. The minimum
void ratio is 0.45 and the max. void ratio is 0.97.

133.) The results of a Standard Proctor Test is tabulated as follows:

134.) The resulting of a Standard Proctor Test is as follows:

135.) A Proctor compaction test has been performed on a soil that has Gs = 2.70.The test results were as
follows:

136.) A sand cone test has been performed in a compacted fill performed on a soil sample. The test
results were as follows:

137.) A sand cone test has been performed in a recently compacted fill. The test results were as follows:

138.) Given below are the tabulated results in the field compaction test.

139.) The teble shown below are results of a compaction test using a mold having a volume of 0.00094
m3

140.) Compaction test results are tabulated for a soil as shown.

141.) The results of a Standard Proctor test are given in the following table

142.) A highway embankment is to be constructed along the North Diversion road using soil from a
selected borrow pit. DPWH specifications state that the soll must be placed in layers and compacted to
at least 95% of the maximum density. Also the water should be added to the fill so that the soil is
compacted at the optimum moisture content. A laboratory test to determine maximum density and
optimum moisture content has been conducted by placing a small sample of this soil into a steel cylinder
and compacting it with a drop hammer. The volume of the cylinder is 0.00094 cu.m. The following data
has been obtained from this test.

143.) A proposed embankment fil requires 5000 m' of compaction soil. The void ratio of the compacted
fill is specified as 0.70. Four borrow pits are available, as described in the following table, which lists the
respective void ratios of the soil and the cost per cu.m. for moving the soil to the preposed construction
site.

144.) There were 6 undisturbed soil samples from borings in a proposed cut area for a highway
construction. The average dry unit weight achieved in theMeld ya = 16.90 kN/m and the average
moisture content is 9.1% A Proctorcompaction test produces a max. dry unit weight ya(mar) = 19.5 kN/m
- andan optimum moisture content of 12.8%. The estimated plan calls for a 9100 cu.m. of cut and 8800
cu.m. of fill and the DPWH requires a relative compaction of 93%.
145.) 4 proposed grading plan of C-5 requires 224000 m of cut and 205000 m3 of fill. Labortory tests on
a series of undisturbed samples from the cut arca produced the following results,

146.) The following data were obtained from a field density on a compacted fill of sandy clay. Laboratory
moisture density test on the fill material indicated a max. dry density of 18.88 kN/m at an optimum
water content of 11 percent.

147.) A highway embankment needs 150000 cu.m. to be completed. DPWH requires 95% compaction
and the contractor is to provide soil from a borrow site.

148.) In a construction of a portion of a highway embankment, it uses a granular soll as a sub-base. The
required compacted thickness of the sub-base Is 300 mal and the material is to be compacied at a water
content of 12% to a dry unit weight of 173 kN/m'. The borrow material is found to weigh 100 kN per
truck load when it was dumped loosely into a truck having a capacity of 6 cu.m. The water content of the
borrow material was determined from a sample taken from the truck and found to be 10%. If the width
and length of the portion of a highway is 30 m. and 3600 m. respectively.

149.) The in-situ moisture content of o Soil is 18% and the moist unit weight is 105 pot. The specine
gravity of soil solids is 2.75. This soil is to be essavated and transported to a construction site for use in a
compacted fil.It the specifications calls for the soil to becompacted to a minimum dry unit weight of
103.5 pef. at the same moisture content of 18%.

150.) From a Proctor test for a sample of soil, the max. dry density and optimum moisture content were
determined as follows.151.) For a compacted soil, Gs = 2.72, water content = 18% ard Yd = 0.90 Yzav
 PERMEABILITY SOURCE 1

166.) For a constant laboratory permeability test on a fine sand, the following data are given:

167.) For a constant head laboratory permeability test on a fine sand, the following values are given:

168.) A sample of coarse grained soil 50mm in diameter and 150 mm long was tested in a constant head
apparatus.

169.) In a constand head permeability test in the laboratory, the following are given

173.) For a falling head permeability test, the following data were recorded.

173A.) For a constant laboratory permeability test on a fine sand, the following were given

173B.) The results of a constant head permeability test for a fine sand sample having a diameter of
150mm and a length of 150mm are as follows

173C.) For a falling or variable head permeability test, the following are given

174.) From the following figure

175.) A falling head hydraulic conductivity test has been conducted

176.) A constant head permeability test uses a permeameter with plezometer attached

177.) The constant head permeameter shown contains three different soils

178.) the discharge of water collected from a constant head permeameter

179.) Water flows through a soil mass that has a length of 4 m. and a cross secrional area of 2m2The void
ratio

180.) for a normally consolidated clay soil

181.) For a sandy soil, the following aro given.

183.) From the figure shown:What is the equation in determining the equivalent coefficient of
permeability in the horizontal direction.

185.) a confined aquifer underlies an unconfined aquifer

186.) From the figure shows an unconfined non homogenous aquifer

187.) The figure shows the layer of soil, Compute the equivalent hydraulic conductivity

188.) The figure shows the layer of soil, Compute the equivalent hydraulic conductivity

193.) water flows through a soil having a cross sectional area , compute the rate of flow of water through
the soil

194.) The laboratory apparatus shown in the figure maintains a constant head in both the upper and
lower reservoirs.

195.) In te experiment set up as shown, the flow is taking place under a constant head
196.) a certain 20m thick sandy aquifer has a transmissivity

198.) a reservoir with a 3400 m2 area is underlain by layers of stratified soil as depicted in the figure

199.) The figure shows a cross section through the strata underlying a site the permeability properties

200.) A layer soll shown has the following data:

201.) steady state vertical seepage is occuring in the soil profile shown in the figure

202.) A sandy layer of the cross sectional area shown in the figure has been determined to exist for a
450m length of

203.) a 3.5m thick silty sand intersects one side of the reservoir as shown

204.) A confined aquifer has a source of recharge as shown in the figure

205.) Three plezometers has been installed in the confined aquifer shown in the figure

210.) a permeability pumping test was carried out in a confined aquifer

211.) A well is constructed to pump water from a confined aquifer

211A.) A 300mm diameter test well penetrates 27m below the static water table

211B.) a well with a diam. of 0.6m is constructed in a confined aquifer as shown

 PERMEABILITY SOURCE 2

152.) During a constant head permeability test on a sample of sand, 150 cu.cm. of water were collected
in 2 minutes. The sample had a length of 10 cm. and a diameter of 5.08 cm. The head was maintained et
20 cm.

153.) For a constant laboratory permeebility test on a fine sand, the following data are given:

154.) For a constant head laboratory permeability test on a fine sand, the following values are given:

155.) In a constant head permeability test in the laboratory, the following are given.

156.) The data from a falling head test as shown in the figure:

157.) For a variable head permeability test, the following are given:

157A.) From the following figure, Determine the total flow in ft3/min

157B.) The discharge of water collected from a constant head permeameter in a period of 15 minutes is
500 ml. The internal diameter of the permeameter is 5 cm. and the measured difference in head
between two gauging points 15 cm. vertically apart is 40 cm..Dry weight of the 15 cm. long sample is 486
g and sp.gr. of solids is 2.65

157C.) From the figure shown, the following data are given: Determine the total flow of water q

158.) A falling head hydraulic conductivity test has been conducted on a clay sample in a permesmeter as
shown in the figure.The soil sample was20 mm in diameter and 90 mm taii. The standpipe had an inside
diameter of 6 mm. The water level in the bath surrounding the sample was 129 mm above the
laboratory counter top and the water level in the standpipe fell from a height of 510 mm to 261 mm
above the counter top in 46 hours and 35 minutes,

159.) From the constant head permeability test arrangement shown, the following values are given:Void
ratio of specimen0.46160.) A constant head permeability test uses a permeameter with plezometer
attached to its sides. The graduated cylinder collects 800 cu.cm. of water in 100 seconds.The diameter of
the soil sample is 18 cm. Elevation of thewater in the upper piezometer is 180 cm. and that of the lower
piezometer is 116 cm. The piezometer tips are spaced 20 cm. on center.

160A.) The constant head permeameter shown contains three different soils. Their hydraulic
conductivity are:

161.) The MMDA in its previous study for a proposed sanitary land fill site in Cavite is planning to use a
clay liner for the landfill. Tests were performed on a sample clay from a borrow site. It was deemed
necessary to have a minimum clay liner thickness of 0.30 m. The following results were obtained in the
laboratory test.

162.) A soil sample 10 cm. in diameter is placed in a tube 1.2 ra. long. A constant supply of water is
allowed to flow into ore end of the soil at A and the outflow al B is collected by a beaker. The average
amount of water collected is 2 cm? for every 10 seconds. Deterinine the following:

163.) For a normally consolidated clay soil, the following values are given
164.) The coefficient ofpermeability of a sand at a void ratio of 0.62 is 0.03cm/sec. Estimate the
coefficient of permeability at a void ratio of 0.48.

165.) The max. dry unit weight determined in the laboratory for a quart sand is 102 1b/f3. In the field,
the relative compaction is 90%. Specific gravity of sand is 2.70.

166.) A permeable soil layer is underlain by an impervious layer as shown. For permerble layer K - 4.8 x
10-3 cm/sec. If H - 3m. and a - 5°, determine the following

167.) From the figure shown, the thickness of a permeable soil layer is 1.1 meter"making an angle of 14"
with the horizontal. K - 4.87 x 102 cm/sec.

168.) from this figure shown, What is the equation in determining the equivalent coefficient of
permeability in the horizontal direction.

169.) A layered soil is shown with the corresponding values of K1, K2 and K3.

170.) A confined aquifer underlies an unconfined aquifer as shown in the figure.

170A.) From the figure shows an unconfined non homogeneous aquifer between two water bodies at a
depth of 50 m. and 45 m. respectively.

170B.) The figure shows the layers of soil in a tube (hat is 100 mm x 100 mm in cross. section.Water is
supplied to maintain a constant head difference of 450 mmacross the sampie.The hydraulic conductivity
of the soils in the direction ofNow through them are tabulated as shown.

170C.) The figure shows the layers of soil in a tube that is 100 mun x 100 mm in cross. section. Water is
supplied to maintain a constant head difference of 450 mm across the sample. The hydraulic
conductivity of the soils in the direction of Now through them are tabulated as shown.

171.) The figure shows the layers of soil in a tube that is 100 mm x 100 mm in cross section. When
supplied to maintain a constant head difference of 300 mm across the sample. The hydraulic
conductivity of the soils in the direction of flow to them are as follows:

172.) Two observation wells have been constructed in the formation shown. The How rate is 0.01 m3/hr
per unit width of the formation.

172A.) The water flows through a sand filter as shown in the figure. The soil mass cross sectional erea
and length are 0.25 mand 1.5 m. respectively if the coefficient of permeability of the sand filter is 3.6x10
2cm/s.

172B.) In a laboratory, a constant head permeability test was conducted on a brown sand with the trace
of mica. The foll. data were obtained, Quantity of waterdischarged during the test = 250 c3. Length of
specimen between manometeroutlets = 11.43 cm. Time required for given quantity of water to be
discharged= 65 sec. Head difference between manometers lerels = 5.5 cm Diameter ofspecimen = 10.16
cm.

173.) The laboratory apparatus shown in the figure maintains a constant head in both the upper and
lower reservoirs. The soil sample is a silty send with ahydraulic conductivity K = 5 x 10-3cm/sec. and a
moisture content of18.5%. Specific gravity of soil sample is 2.70.
174.) A certain 20 m. thick sandy aquifer has a tranmissivity of 0.12 m2/sec. and & void ratio of 0.91.
Ground water is flowing through this aquifer with a hydraulic gradient of 0.0065.

175.) The soil under a dam has four layers of soil with different coefficients of permeability.

175A.) A reservoir with a 3400 m area is underlain by layers of stratified soll as depicted in the figure.

176.) A layered soil is shown in the figure.Compute the value of the total head loss "h' if the hydraulic
gradients areequal to if = 0.38, 1g= 0.40, i = 0.41, i = 0.39

176A.) A layer soil shown has the following data:H1=3 m.H2 = 4 m.Н3 = 6 m.K1 = 2x102 cm/sec.K2 = 3.2 x
10' cm/sec.K3 = 4.1 x 10-7 cm/sec.

177.) A sand layer of the cross-sectional area shown in the figure has been determined to exist for a 450
m. length of levee.The coefficient ofpermeability of the sand is 3 meters per day.

178.) A 3.5 m. thick silty sand intersects one side of the reservoir as shown. The strata has a hydraulic
conductivity of 5 x 10-2 cm/sec. and extends along the entire 800 m. length of the reservoir. An
observation well has been installed in this strata as shown.

179.) A confined aquifer has a source of recharge as shewn in the figure. The hydraulic conductivity of
the aquifer is 40 m/day and its porosity, is 0.25.The piezometric head in the two wells 1000 m. apart is 65
m. and 60 m. respectively from a common data. The average thickness of the aquifer is 25 m. and the
average width is 4 km.

180.) A channel runs almost parallel to a river as shown on the figure. The water level in the river has an
elevation of 36 m. and the clevation of the channel is 33 m. The river and channel are 500 m. apart and a
pervious formation of average thickness of 9 m. and bydraulic conductivity of 0.08 m/hr joins them
together.

180A.) Three piezometers have been installed in the confired aquifer shown in the figure.The aquifer has
a uniform thickness of 3.5 m. and a hydraulic conductivity of 12 x 10-3 cin/s. Assume steady state
hydrostatic conditions are present.

180B.) Three piezometers have been installed in the confined aquifer having a uniform thickness of 4.6
m. and a hydraulic conductivity of 2 x 10 m/s.

180C.) An aquifer having a thickness o: 4 m. has a hydraulie conductivity of 2 x 10 m/s. Two piezometers
have been installed at points Aand Bat adistance of 850 in. apart horizontally. Elevation of the water
surfaces at AandBare at elevations 120.32 m. and 122.64 m. respectively.

180D.) The flow thru the aquifer is equal to 0.560 m/day. The thickness of the aquifer is 5.2 m. Two
piezometers were placed along a horizontal distance of 920 m. apart between A and B. Elevation of
water surface at A is 100 m.

181.) In a soil stratum shown in the figure, the hydraulic conductivity at the surface is 0.002 cm/sec. It
uniformly reduces to 0.0004 cm/sec at a depth of 22 m. If the water table is 3 m. below the ground
surface.
182.) The bottom of a stream consists of silty clay has a coefficient of permeability of 0.06 m/day has an
sversge depth of 2.0 m. The underlying squifer of fine sand has un average thickness of 20 m. Coefficient
of permespility of line cand is 3 m'day.

183.) A 300 mm diameter test well penetrates 24 m. below the static water table.After 24 hours of
pumping at 69 liters per second, the water level in an observation well at a distance of 96 m. from the
test well is lowered by 0.60 m. and the other observation well at a distance of 34 m. from the test well,
the drawdown is 1.2 m. as shown on the given figure.

184.) A permeability pumping test was carried out in a confined aquifer with the piezometric level before
pumping is 2.18 m. below the ground surface. The aquiclude (impermeable layer) has a thickness of 5.7
m. measured from the ground surfsce and the confined equifer i: 7.6 m. deep until it reaches the
aquiclude (impermeable layer) at the bottom,At a steady pumping rate of15.6 m hour the drawdown in
the observation wells were respectively equal to 1.62 m. and 0.47 m. The distances of the observation
wells from the center of the test well were 15 m. and 32 m. respectively.

185.) A 300 mm diameter test well penetrates 24 m. below the static water table.After 24 hours of
pumping at 69 liters/sec.The water level in anobservation well at a distance of 57.5 m. from the test well
is lowered 0.54 m. and the other observation well at a distance of 33.5 m. from the test. well, the
drawdown is 1.1 m

186.) A 300 mm diameter test well penetrates 24 m. below the static water table.After 24 hours of
pumping at 69 liters per second, the water level in an obscrvation well at a distance of 96 m. from the
test well is lowered by 0.60 m. and the other observation well at a distance of 34 m. from the test well,
the drawdown is 1.2 m.

187.) A confined aquifer of 20 m. average thickness is overlain by an impermeable layer of 30 m.

thickness. A test well of 0.5 m. diameter and two observation wells at a distance of 10 m. and 60 m. from
the test well are drilled through the aquifer. After pumping at the rate of 0.10 m/s for a long time, the
following drawdowns are stablilized in these wells: First observation well 4 m, second observation well, 3
m.
 BRAJA DAS KA MAAM NA BOOK Soil Compaction

Ex. 6.1) The laboratory test results of a standard Proctor test are given in the following table.a.
Determine the maximum dry unit weight of compaction and the optimum moisture content.b. Calculate
and plot d versus the moisture content for degree of saturation, S
80, 90, and 100% (i.e., zav). Given:
Gs
2.7.

Ex 6.2) For a granular soil, the following are given:

Ex 6.3) Laboratory compaction test results for a clayey silt are given in the following table.

Ex 6.4) Following are the details for the backfill material used in a vibroflotation project:

Problems

6.1 Given Gs
2.75, calculate the zero-air-void unit weight for a soil in lb/ft3 at w
5%, 8%, 10%, 12%,
and 15%.

6.2 Repeat Problem 6.1 with Gs
2.65.

6.3 Calculate the variation of dry density (kg/m3) of a soil (Gs
2.67) at w
10% and 20% for degree of
saturation (S)
80%, 90%, and 100%.

6.4 The results of a standard Proctor test are given below. Determine the maximum dry unit weight of
compaction and the optimum moisture content.

6.5 For the soil described in Problem 6.4, if Gs
2.72, determine the void ratio and the degree of
saturation at optimum moisture content.

6.6 The results of a standard Proctor test are given in the following table. Determine the maximum dry
density (kg/m3) of compaction and the optimum moisture content.

6.7 A field unit weight determination test for the soil described in Problem 6.6 yielded the following
data: moisture content
10.5% and moist density
1705 kg/m3. Determine the relative compaction.

6.8 The in situ moisture content of a soil is 18% and the moist unit weight is 105 lb/ft3. The specific
gravity of soil solids is 2.75. This soil is to be excavated and trans- ported to a construction site for use in
a compacted fill. If the specifications call for the soil to be compacted to a minimum dry unit weight of
103.5 lb/ft3 at the same moisture content of 18%, how many cubic yards of soil from the excavation site
are needed to produce 10,000 yd3 of compacted fill? How many 20-ton truckloads are needed to
transport the excavated soil?

6.9 A proposed embankment fill requires 8000 m3 of compacted soil. The void ratio of the compacted fill
is specified as 0.7. Four borrow pits are available as described in the following table, which lists the
respective void ratios of the soil and the cost per cubic meter for moving the soil to the proposed
construction site. Make the necessary calculations to select the pit from which the soil should be bought
to minimize the cost. Assume Gs to be the same at all pits.

6.10 The maximum and minimum dry unit weights of a sand were determined in the laboratory to be
104 lb/ft3 and 93 lb/ft3, respectively. What would be the relative compaction in the field if the relative
density is 78%?
6.11 The maximum and minimum dry densities of a sand were determined in the labo- ratory to be 1682
kg/m3 and 1510 kg/m3, respectively. In the field, if the relative density of compaction of the same sand
is 70%, what are its relative compaction (%) and dry density (kg/m3)?

6.12 The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 90%. The maximum and minimum dry unit weights
of the sand are 108 lb/ft3 and 93 lb/ft3, respectively. For the field condition, determine

6.13 Following are the results of a field unit weight determination test on a soil with the sand cone
method:

6.14 The backfill material for a vibroflotation project has the following grain sizes:• D10
0.11 mm• D20

0.19 mm• D50
1.3mmDetermine the suitability number, SN, for each.

6.15 Repeat Problem 6.14 using the following values:• D10
0.09 mm• D20
0.25 mm• D50
0.61 mm

PERMEABILITY

Ex 7.1) Refer to the constant-head permeability test arrangement shown in Figure 7.5. A test gives these
values:

Ex 7.2) For a falling-head permeability test, the following values are given:

Ex 7.3) The hydraulic conductivity of a clayey soil is 3
10
7 cm/sec. The viscosity of water at 25°C is
0.0911
10
4 g # sec/cm2. Calculate the absolute permeability K of the soil.

Ex 7.4) A permeable soil layer is underlain by an impervious layer, as shown in Figure 7.7a. With k
5.3

10
5 m/sec for the permeable layer, calculate the rate of seepage through it in m3/hr/m width if H
3 m
and a
8.°

Ex 7.5) Find the flow rate in m3/sec/m length (at right angles to the cross section shown) through the
permeable soil layer shown in Figure 7.8 given H
8 m, H1
3 m, h
4 m, L
50 m, a
8
, and k
0.08
cm/sec.

Ex 7.6) The hydraulic conductivity of a sand at a void ratio of 0.5 is 0.02 cm/sec. Estimate its hydraulic
conductivity at a void ratio of 0.65.

Ex 7.7) The grain-size distribution curve for a sand is shown in Figure 7.10. Estimate the hydraulic
conductivity using Eq. (7.30). Given: the void ratio of the sand is 0.6. Use SF
7.

Ex 7.10) For a normally consolidated clay soil, the following values are given:

Ex 7.11) A layered soil is shown in Figure 7.19. Given:• H1• H2• H3
2 m
3 m
4 mk1
10
4 cm/seck2

3.2
10
2 cm/sec k3
4.1
10
5 cm/sec

Ex 7.12) Figure 7.20 shows three layers of soil in a tube that is 100 mm
100 mm in cross section. Water
is supplied to maintain a constant-head difference of 300 mm across the sample. The hydraulic
conductivities of the soils in the direction of flow through them are as follows:
 Problems

7.1 Refer to the constant-head arrangement shown in Figure 7.5. For a test, the follow- ing are given:•
L
18in.• A
area of the specimen
3.5 in.2• Constant-head difference
h
28 in.• Water collected in 3
min
21.58 in.3 Calculate the hydraulic conductivity (in./sec).

7.2 Refer to Figure 7.5. For a constant-head permeability test in a sand, the following are given:•
L
300mm• A
175cm2• h
500mm• Water collected in 3 min
620 cm3• Void ratio of sand
0.58
Determinea. Hydraulic conductivity, k (cm/sec)b. Seepage velocity

7.3 In a constant-head permeability test in the laboratory, the following are given:L
12 in. and A
15
in.2. If the value of k
0.006 in./sec and a flow rateof 450 in.3/hr must be maintained through the soil,
what is the head difference, h, across the specimen?Also, determine the discharge velocity under the
test conditions.

7.4 For a falling-head permeability test, the following are given:Length of the soil specimen
20 in.Area
of the soil specimen
4 in.2Area of the standpipe
0.2 in.2Head difference at time t
0 is 30 in. Head
difference at time t
10 min is 12 in.Determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil (in./min).• • • • • a.
b.men
380 mm; area of specimen
6.5 cm2; k
0.175 cm/min. What should be the area of the
standpipe for the head to drop from 650 cm to 300 cm in8 min?What was the head difference at time t

5 min?

7.5 For a falling-head permeability test, the following are given: length of speci-

7.6 For a falling-head permeability test, the following are given:Length of soil specimen
700 mmArea of
the soil specimen
20 cm2Area of the standpipe
1.05 cm2Head difference at time t
0 is 800 mm
Head difference at time t
8 min is 500 mm•••••a.b.Assume that the test was conducted at 20
C, and
at 20
C, gw
9.789 kN/m3 and h
1.005
10
3 N#s/m2.Determine the absolute permeability of the
soil. What is the head difference at time t
6 min?

7.7 A sand layer of the cross-sectional area shown in Fig. 7.27 has been determined to exist for a 800-m
length of the levee. The hydraulic conductivity of the sand layer is 2.8 m/day. Determine the quantity of
water which flows into the ditch in m3/min.

7.8 A permeable soil layer is underlain by an impervious layer, as shown in Figure 7.28. With k
5.2

10
4 cm/sec for the permeable layer, calculate the rate of seepage through it in m3/hr/m length if H

3.8 m and a
8
.

7.9 Refer to Figure 7.29. Find the flow rate in m3/sec/m length (at right angles to the cross section
shown) through the permeable soil layer. Given: H
5 m, H1
2.8 m, h
3.1 m, L
60 m, a
5
, k
0.05
cm/sec.

7.10 The hydraulic conductivity of a sand at a void ratio of 0.5 is 0.022 cm/sec. Estimate its hydraulic
conductivity at a void ratio of 0.7. Use Eq. (7.31).

7.11 For a sand, the following are given: porosity, n
0.31 and k
0.2 ft/min. Determine k when n
0.4.
Use Eq. (7.31).
7.12 The maximum dry density determined in the laboratory for a quartz sandis 1800 kg/m3. In the field,
if the relative compaction is 80%, determine the hydraulic conductivity of the sand in the field-
compaction condition (given that D10
0.15 mm, Cu
2.2 and Gs
2.66). Use Eq. (7.34).

7.13 For a sandy soil, the following are given:• Maximum void ratio
0.7• Minimum void ratio
0.46•
D10
0.2 mmDetermine the hydraulic conductivity of the sand at a relative density of 60%.Use Eq.
(7.32).

7.14 The sieve analysis for a sand is given in the following table. Estimate thehydraulic conductivity of
the sand at a void ratio of 0.5. Use Eq. (7.30) and SF
6.5.

7.15 For a normally consolidated clay, the following are given:

7.16 The in situ void ratio of a soft clay deposit is 2.1 and the hydraulic conductivity ofthe clay at this void
ratio is 0.91
10
6 cm/sec. What is the hydraulic conductivityif the soil is compressed to have a void
ratio of 1.1. Use Eq. (7.36).

7.17 A layered soil is shown in Figure 7.30. Given that

7.18 A layered soil is shown in Figure 7.31. Estimate the ratio of equivalent hydraulic conductivity,
kH(eq)/kV(eq).
 FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOTECH SOIL COMPACTION

3.1) For a normally consolidated clay soil, the following values are given:

3.2) For a constant head laboratory permeability test on a fine sand. the following values are given:
(Refer to Figure Figure 03.13)Length of specimen, L= 10 inchesDiameter of specimen = 2.5 inchesHead
difference, h =2 inchesWater collected in 2 min = 0.044 in'

3.3) A soil sample 10 cm in diameter is placed in a tube 1 m long. A constant supply of water si allowed
to flow into one end of the soil at Aand the outflow at Bis collected by a beaker, as shown in Figure
03.14. The average amount of water collected is 1c for every 10 seconds. The tube si inclined as shown.

3.4) A sand layer having the cross-section area as shown in Figure 03.15 has been determined to exist for
a 350-meter length of the levee. The coefficient of permeability of the sand layer is 3.5 m/day.
Determine the flow of water into the ditch in Lit/ min?

3.5) A falling-head permeability test was run on a soil sample 9.6 cm in diameter and 10 cm long. The
head at the start of the test was 90 cm. The coefficient of permeability of the soil was found to be 5 ×
106 cm/s. The diameter of the stand pipe was 1cm.

3.6) A permeable soil is underlain by an impervious layet, as shown in Figure 13.17. For the permeable
layer, k= 0.0048 cm/sec. H = 3 m and a = 5°

3.7) Water flows through the permeable layer as shown in Figure 03.18. Given H : 35. ft, h= 4.6 ft, L= 120
ft, a= 14°. and k= 00016 ft/sec Consider 1ft width perpendicular ot the figure.

3.8) Consider the stratified soil deposit shown in Figure 03.19.where;.1 hydraulic gradient si equal; 1eq
=,i =21=. . = ni2. quantity of flow in each layer si added to make the total flow q

3.9) Figure 03.20 shows layers of soil ni a tube that is 100 mm x 10 mm in cross- section. Water si
supplied to maintain a constant head difference of 400 mm across the sample. The hydraulic
conductivities of the soils in the direction of flow through them are as follows:

3.10) Given the stratified soil shown in Figure 03.21. The properties of each soil are as follows:Coefficient
of permeability:yk = 6.25 cm/hr, 2k = 5.75 cm/hr, 3k = 4.50 cm/ hr k4 = 6.25 cm/hr, ks = 8.15 cm/hr, k6 =
3.60 cm/hr

3.11) a canal is cut into a soil with a stratigraphy shown ni Figure03.2A2ss.ume flow takes place laterally
and vertically through hte sides of eht canandal vertically below the canal. The values of k = k, = k, ni
each layer are given.

3.12) A test is set-up as shown in Figure 03.23. A cylindrical mold 4" in diameter si filled with silt ot
height H, = 0.2 ft, whose coefficient of permeability ki = 3.6 x 10 ft/ min.

3.13) Refer toFigure 03.24. Given that H, = 30 mm, 2H = 50 mm, and i = 600 mm,
andthatatz=20mm,h=50mm. tIsirequiredotdetermineiatz=600mm.

3.14) A confined aquifer underlies an unconfined aquifer as shown in Figure 03.25. Given the following:
D1 = 59 m, D2 = 14 m, H, = 45 m, H2 = 3 m, 1K = 35 m/ day, K2 - 27 m/day, L =2km.
3.15) The section of acofferdam si as shown ni Figure 03.26. If hte coefficient of permeability of hte soil si
k- 5x103 m/s, determine the seepage into the ditches per meter length of the cofferdam.

3.16) The section of a sheet pile is shown in Figure 03.27. The coefficient ofpermeability of the soil si k =
4.2 × 310- m/s. Determine the seepage into the downstream side per meter length of the sheet pile.

3.17) For the masonry dam shown in Figure 03.28, k=5m/ day.