International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications

Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Hibiscus Rosa-

Sinensis Linn. Flower.
Praharsha. R, Dr. Urmila G.H, Pooja. M, Pandey Durgesh
Nargund College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Nargund College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Nargund College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Nargund College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka
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Submitted: 25-09-2023 Accepted: 05 -10-2023
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ABSTRACT: The objective of the current study is Gel contains hibiscus extract and provides UV
to assess the in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) of protection. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
the gel formulation of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn qualities of hibiscus extract are well known for
flower extract. Due to its antioxidant and photo- helping to calm and shield the skin from damage
protective properties, Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn brought on by environmental stressors. The gel's
is a viable choice for inclusion in cosmetic and lightweight, non-greasy formulation makes it
pharmaceutical formulations. To investigate the perfect for use as a daily moisturizer and sunscreen.
sun protection factors utilizing UV It swiftly dissolves into the skin, providing a matte,
spectrophotometry, the study examines samples silky texture that is ideal for use underneath
that have been exposed to UVB light. The in vitro makeup.Prolonged direct UV-C exposure may
sun protection factor of the Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis cause skin damage.
Linn extract and its gel formulation are being Longer wavelengths of UV-B and UV-A
tested, and the photo-stability of the isolated always pass through the atmosphere. The
Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn extract and SPF are molecules in sunscreen absorb the majority of UV-
also being examined. According to the research, the B and prevent it from reaching the skin, much like
gel of the Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn fruit extract the molecules in the atmosphere absorb UV-C and
is stable when kept between 5 and 25 degrees prevent it from reaching the ground.[3]
Celsius.[1] In the tropics, the glabrous shrub Hibiscus
Rosa-Sinensis Linn (Malvaceae) is often grown as
I. INTRODUCTION: a decorative plant. It has many varieties and
Over a million people receive skin cancer variously colored flowers. The China rose and shoe
diagnoses each year, and about 10,000 of those flower, sometimes known as the Chinese hibiscus,
develop malignant melanoma. The backs of the is an evergreen, blooming shrub that is indigenous
hands, the neck, and other parts of the body that are to East Asia. Tropical regions and subtropics are
frequently exposed to the sun are where most skin often grown as ornamental plants. The original
malignancies develop.[1] varieties' large, sturdy flowers are typically scarlet
Solar exposure according to its in color and lack any discernible scent most of the
wavelengths, UV light is separated into three time. Numerous varieties, cultivars, and hybrids are
categories: UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C. UV-A's available with a wide range of flower colors,
wavelength ranges from 400 to 320 nm, UV-Bs including white, yellow, orange, red, pink-hued
from 320 to 290 nm, and UV-Cs from 209 to 200 blooms, and flowers with both single and double
nm. Although the energy level of the light increases sets of petals. However, in medicine, the red-
with shorter wavelengths and a lower number, flowered kind is favored.
increasing the amount of harm it might cause, this Traditional writings claim that blooms are
is detectable. Direct UV-C exposure would be helpful in the treatment of arterial hypertension and
harmful to the skin if it were sustained. have been demonstrated to drastically lower
Fortunately, air gases completely absorb UV-C fertility. It is also widely known that Hibiscus
before it reaches the ground. Longer UV-B and Rosa-Sinensis leaves and flowers have anti-aging
UV-A wavelengths always penetrate the and hair-growth-promoting properties.
atmosphere directly. This plant which is indigenous to tropical
A skincare product called Hibiscus SPF and subtropical regions, is frequently cultivated for
DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 657
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

ornamental purposes. It produces large flowers in shield your skin from the harmful effects of the sun
dense hedges. These enormous flowers frequently in a natural and effective way, the Hibiscus SPF gel
have a dark crimson color and are odorless. These is a great option. All skin types, even sensitive
beautiful blooms, which are grown across the skin, can use it, and it can be applied to the face
Asian continent, are also known as China roses. and body.[1]

KEYWORDS:- Sun protection factor uv-protection uv light

II. COMPOSITION: -
The main ingredients of hibiscus gel:
1. Carbopol (Thickening agent)
2. Propylene glycol(moisturizer)
3. Methylparaben (Preservative)
4. Triethanolamine (Emulsifier)
These large, scarlet blossoms are a
favorite of hummingbirds, who frequently visit the
III. OBJECTIVES:
Some specific objectives of using hibiscus SPF gel
gardens where they are planted. It's crucial to
may include:
consider characteristics like vigor, appealing
leaves, longevity, robust root systems, ease of
1. Protecting the skin from the sun's harmful UV
maintenance, high flowering properties, etc. while
rays: Hibiscus SPF gel contains ingredients
breeding hibiscus plants. Today, a number of new
that help shield the skin from both UVA and
types have been developed and established thanks
UVB rays.
to crossbreeding.
2. Moisturizing and nourishing the skin: Hibiscus
Along with the combination of qualities
extract is known for its moisturizing
these new varieties possess, their popularity is
properties, and using a gel that contains
growing. There are numerous cultivars and hybrids
hibiscus can help keep the skin hydrated and
available, and these flowers have different hues and
healthy.
other traits. Well-known colors that have recently
3. Preventing premature aging: Exposure to the
gained popularity include white, yellow, orange,
sun's rays can cause premature aging of the
red, and several shades of pink.
skin, including wrinkles and fine lines. Using
Identifying and learning more about
hibiscus SPF gel can help prevent these signs
flowers that have been used as sunscreen for a long
of aging.
time is the goal of our research, and is reported
4. Minimizing the risk of skin cancer: Regular
here on the potential of the Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis
use of sunscreen can help reduce the risk of
flower extract, even though there are a number of
developing skin cancer, and hibiscus SPF gel
aspects of the cosmetic formulation for which there
is a natural option that can provide this
is no prior data. The goals of this study are to
protection.
evaluate the in vitro sun protection factor,
photostability, SPF determination, UV irradiation,
and fluorescence analysis of the isolated Hibiscus IV. MATERIALS AND METHOD:
Rosa-Sinensis Linn flower extract. Materials and extract preparation
A skincare product called Hibiscus SPF The dried Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn
Gel contains hibiscus extract and provides UV flower was obtained from a local market in,
protection. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant Bengaluru. The petals of a flower are separated,
qualities of hibiscus extract are well known for cleaned by distilled water, and cut into small
helping to calm and shield the skin from damage pieces. The petals were extracted with ethanol by
brought on by environmental stressors. maceration. The extracts were evaporated to
The gel's lightweight, non-greasy dryness.[1]
formulation makes it perfect for use as a daily
moisturizer and sunscreen. It swiftly dissolves into V. FORMULATIONS:
the skin, providing a matte, silky texture that is For gel formulation containing Hibiscus Rosa-
ideal for use underneath makeup. If you want to Sinensis Linn flower extract with a final

DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 658
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

concentration of 1% of Carbopol 940 was prepared. amount of Carbopol 934 was added slowly to
The formulated product is stored in a dark glass the mixture of water and glycerin and
flask and is freshly prepared for all studies. continuously stirred with the propeller for 1 hr.
A formulation was prepared with the addition of Preservatives were also added to the gel base
active ingredient which is shown in Table 1. and again stirred with the propeller.

Mixture of ingredients in Propeller

2. Preparation of gel formulation: A final

mixture of propylene glycol, Methylparaben,
and q.s of distilled water was added to the
Carbopol gel base, then perfume was added,
and pH was adjusted with Triethanolamine.[1]
1. Hibiscus dried flower 3. Powdered flower
Extract
2. Powdered flower 4. Extract on drying.

Table 1. Composition of gel formulations used

for the determination of SPF [100ml]
Active ingredient Quantity

● Carbopol 940 1gm

● Propylene 1ml
glycol
● triethanolamin 2ml Final Preparation
e
● Methyl 0.3gm 1. Phytochemical screening of Hibiscus Rosa
paraben Sinensis L flower ethanol extracts: [4]The
petals of a flower are separated, cleaned by
● Hibiscus Rosa- 0.4gm
distilled water, and cut into small pieces. The
Sinensis petal extract
petals were extracted with ethanol by
● Distilled water. q. s maceration. The extracts were evaporated to
dryness and the obtained extract is evaluated
1. Preparation of Carbopol gel base: A for presence of phytochemical.
weighed amount of Glycerin was added to
distilled water and stirred with a propeller for
incorporation of Glycerin in water. A weighed

Table 2: Phytochemical screening

DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 659
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

Chemical Tests Flower

constituents extract

1. Alkaloids Wagner test +

Hager test +

Dragendorff`s test +

2. Fehling`s test -
Carbohydr
ates

Barfoed`s test -

Molisch test -

3. Salkowski test +
Triterpeno
ids

Liebermann test +
4. Coumarins
10% NAOH +

5. Steroids Liebermann test +

6. Tannins 5% Fecl3 +

7. Saponins Water -

8. Flavones Schinoda test +

9. Chalcones Conc. HNO3& H2SO4 -

Aceti acid conc. -

c &
H2S
O4

10. Amino acids Ninhydrin -

11. Glycosides Keller kiliani test -

Anthraquinone test -

12. Proteins Biuret test -

Million`s test -

Xanthoprotein test -

DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 660
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

13. Phenols 10% Fecl3 -

Dil HNO3 -

VI. EVALUATION OF SUNSCREEN formulation (1.5% carbomer 937) contains

GEL: - Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn. The extract was
1. Organoleptic parameters: - analyzed for the in vitro SPF. The crude Hibiscus
In organoleptic parameters such as appearance, Rosa-Sinensis Linn. extract gel formulation was
color, odor, transparency, and smoothness of dissolved in methanol UV Sol: water (1:1). Scans
formulation were studied. of the samples in solution were run from 320 to
290 nm in a Shimadzu UV-1700
spectrophotometer. The commercial sunscreens,
Himalaya SPF 30, were used for the calculation of
2. pH determination: - the correction factor, and a solution of 8%
pH measurement is measured by a digital homosalate (v/v) diluted to 0.2 mg/ml was used as
PH meter with a magnetic stirrer. The pH of the gel standard The following equation, suggested by
should be neutral for better absorption in the skin. Mansur, served as the foundation for the SPF
In this method, the electrode was washed with model employed in this investigation.
double distilled water, dried with the help of tissue SPF=CF× 320 290 𝐸𝐸(𝜆) 𝐼(𝜆)×abs(λ)
paper, and then dipped in 30 gm of gel formulation.
The pH of the gel formulation is recorded at where CF is the correction factor,
ambient condition. determined by sunscreens with known SPF so that
3. Determination of the in vitro sun a solution containing 8% of homosalate gives SPF
protection factor: - ¼ 8; EE the erythemal efficiency spectrum; I the
The in vitro method measures the solar simulator spectrum as determined by a
reduction of irradiation by measuring transmittance spectroradiometer that has been calibrated.
320
after passing through a film of product. As the 290 𝐸𝐸(𝜆) 𝐼(𝜆)= 𝟐𝟗𝟎 − 𝟑𝟐𝟎
operative conditions of the transmission
measurement are correct, this is to be a very precise where, 290-320 nm in 5 nm increments; abs(λ) is
and single value, always reproducible for the same the spectroradiometer measure of sunscreen
product and expressed as a single UV curve, in the product absorbance.[3]
percent transmittance or absorbance scale. The gel

Table 3: Determination of the in vitro sun protection factor

Sl.n wavelengt EE×I Absorbance Dilution Correction Sun protection
o h factor factor factor

1 290 0.015 0.41 10 10 0.165

2 295 0.0187 0.26 10 10 0.4862

3 300 0.2874 0.17 10 10 4.8858

4 305 0.3278 0.15 10 10 4.917

5 310 0.1864 0.15 10 10 2.796

DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 661
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

6 315 0.0839 0.14 10 10 1.1746

7 320 0.018 0.13 10 10 0.234

15.1086

Table 4: - Graph of Determination of the in vitro sun protection factor

Wavelength Absorbance

290 0.41

295 0.26

300 0.17

305 0.15

310 0.15

315 0.14

320 0.13

4. Determination of Rheological Study/ adaptor, and a stirring element with a motor was
Viscosity: - used to slowly mix the sample volume. The display
The produced gel was put into the sample window was used to record the viscosity values.
cell in the designated volume and gently inserted 1. Type of equipment – Brookfield viscometer
into the adaptor. The guard leg was put around the with small sample volume adaptor spindle

DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 662
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

(S63)
2. Sample volume –50 gm
3. The speed of rotation of the stirring element is
10-100 rpm.

DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 663
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

Table 5: Determination of Rheological Study/ Viscosity

R CP %TORQUE STD VALUE
P
M
10 4360 36.3 1200

20 3317 55.3 5999

30 2467 61.7 3999

50 1831 76.3 2399

60 1536 76.8 2000

10 1056 88 1200
0

5. Determination of Fluorescence analysis fluoresced both under visible(short) and ultraviolet

of powders & extracts (long, UV 365nm) lights after treatment with
Dried powder and extracts of the leaves chemical solvents including alkalis and acids.[4]
were tested for their characteristic colors and

Table 6: Determination of Fluorescence analysis of powders.

Reagents + Powder Daylight Short wavelength Long wavelength

Flower powder Green Green Greenish brown

Powder + water Green Reddish brown Dark brown

Powder + Ethanol Red Dark red Dark brown

Powder +dil HCl Dark pink Peach Brownish pink

Powder +dil.H2SO4 Red Red Brown

Powder +dil. HNo3 Red Red Dark red

Powder +dil. NaoH Blackish green Blackish green Dark brown

Powder + alc. NaoH Greenish brown Greenish brown Brown

Powder +aq.KOH Greenish brown Greenish black Black

Powder +alc.KOH Light green Light green Brownish black

6. Determination of UV irradiation Rosa-Sinensis Linn. Extract gel formulation was

0.25 grams of prepared hibiscus gel is dissolved in methanol UV Sol: water (1:1). Scans
exposed to UV radiation for about 1hr. The of the samples in solution were run from 320 to
exposed sample is subjected to dilution using 290 nm using 1 cm quartz cuvettes in a Shimadzu
methanol and water as solvent. The crude Hibiscus UV-1700 spectrophotometer.[8]

DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 664
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

Table 7: Graph of Determination of UV irradiation

wavelength Absorbance
290 0.07
295 0.07
300 0.07
305 0.06
310 0.04
315 0.03
320 0.02

Evaluation parameters:
1. Organoleptic parameter:

DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 665
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 8, Issue 5 Sep-Oct 2023, pp: 657-665 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

VII. RESULTS chemical stability of Rosa kordesii extract

1. The Phytochemical screening gel. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2013
Results of the Phytochemical screening of flower Jun 1;7(6):520-S
have been tabulated in Table 2 [4]. Rao KN, Geetha K, Banji D. Quality
control study and standardization of
2. The sun protection factor Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis l. flowers and
Results of the sun protection factor for the leaves as per WHO guidelines. Journal of
formulation of gel have been tabulated in Tables 3 pharmacognosy and phytochemistry.
& 4. 2014;3(4):29-37. S
[5]. Mohamad NR, Abd Gani SS, Wahab RA,
3. The Rheological study Zaidan UH. In-Vitro Photoprotective
Results of the Rheological study for the Activities of Different Solvent Extraction
formulation of gel have been tabulated in Table 5. of Hibiscus Sabdariffa. Malaysian Journal
of Analytical Sciences. 2018;22(6):1078-
4. The Fluorescence analysis 83.
The fluorescence analysis of the powder and [6]. Linghong Shi, Wanrong Zhao, Zihong
extracts of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn in Yang, Vigasini Subbiah, Hafiz Ansar
various solvents and chemical reagents under Rasul Suleria. Extraction and
visible(short) and ultraviolet (long, UV 365nm) characterization of phenolic compounds
lights and normal day light is given in Table 6. and their potential antioxidant activities.
National Library of medicine. 2022 (54):-
5. The UV Irradiation analysis 81112-81129
Results of UV Irradiation analysis for the [7]. Zulfiqar Ali Khan,Syed Ali-Raza Naqvi,
formulation of gel have been tabulated in Table 7. Ammara, Zaib Hussain , Sohail Anjum
Shahzad , Asim Mansha , Matloob Ahmad
VIII. CONCLUSION ,Ameer Fawad Zahoor, Iftikhar Hussain
The findings showed that the plants under Bukhari, Muhammad Ramazan-Saeed
study had components that are significant for use in Ashraf-Janjua, Nasir Mahmood,
medicine. The presence of these phytochemicals Muhammad Yar. Antioxidant and
may contribute medicinal as well as physiological antibacterial activities of Hibiscus Rosa-
properties to the plants studied in the treatment of sinensis Linn flower extracts. Pakistan
sun protection. Therefore, extracts from these Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014
plants could be seen as a good source of useful May;27(3):469-74
drugs. [8]. Nevade Sidram A., Sachin G. Lokapure
and N.V. Kalyan. Study on Anti-Solar
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[3]. Maske PP, Lokapure SG, Nimbalkar D,
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DOI: 10.35629/7781-0805657665 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 666