mysql> SHOW DATABASES;

+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Creating a new database. Use a CREATE DATABASE statement:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE pets;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Check if the database has been created:

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;

+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| pets |
 | sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Creating a table inside a database. First, pick the database in which you want to
create the table with a USE statement:

mysql> USE pets

Database changed
The USE statement tells MySQL to use pets as the default database for subsequent
statements. Next, create a table with a CREATE TABLE statement:

CREATE TABLE cats

(
id INT unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, # Unique ID
for the record
name VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL, # Name of the cat
owner VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL, # Owner of the cat
birth DATE NOT NULL, # Birthday of the cat
PRIMARY KEY (id) # Make the id the primary key
);
Data types you can use in each column are explained in Data Types. Primary Key
Optimization explains the concept of a primary key. What follows a # on each line
is a comment, which is ignored by the mysql client; see Comments for other
comment styles.
Check if the table has been created with a SHOW TABLES statement:

mysql> SHOW TABLES;

+----------------+
| Tables_in_pets |
+----------------+
 | cats |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
DESCRIBE shows information on all columns of a table:

mysql> DESCRIBE cats;

+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(150) | NO | | NULL | |
| owner | varchar(150) | NO | | NULL | |
| birth | date | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Adding records into a table. Use, for example, an INSERT...VALUES statement:

INSERT INTO cats ( name, owner, birth) VALUES

( 'Sandy', 'Lennon', '2015-01-03' ),
( 'Cookie', 'Casey', '2013-11-13' ),
( 'Charlie', 'River', '2016-05-21' );
See Literal Values for how to write string, date, and other kinds of literals in
MySQL.
Retrieving records from a table. Use a SELECT statement, and “*” to match all
columns:

mysql> SELECT * FROM cats;

+----+---------+--------+------------+
| id | name | owner | birth |
 +----+---------+--------+------------+
| 1 | Sandy | Lennon | 2015-01-03 |
| 2 | Cookie | Casey | 2013-11-13 |
| 3 | Charlie | River | 2016-05-21 |
+----+---------+--------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
To select specific columns and rows by a certain condition using
the WHERE clause:

mysql> SELECT name FROM cats WHERE owner = 'Casey';

+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| Cookie |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Deleting a record from a table. Use a DELETE statement to delete a record from a
table, specifying the criterion for deletion with the WHERE clause:

mysql> DELETE FROM cats WHERE name='Cookie';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM cats;

+----+---------+--------+------------+
| id | name | owner | birth |
+----+---------+--------+------------+
| 1 | Sandy | Lennon | 2015-01-03 |
 | 3 | Charlie | River | 2016-05-21 |
+----+---------+--------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Adding or deleting a column from a table. Use an ALTER
TABLE...ADD statement to add a column. You can use, for example,
an AFTER clause to specify the location of the new column:

mysql> ALTER TABLE cats ADD gender CHAR(1) AFTER name;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Use DESCRIBE to check the result:

mysql> DESCRIBE cats;

+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(150) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| owner | varchar(150) | NO | | NULL | |
| birth | date | NO | | NULL | |
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SHOW CREATE TABLE shows a CREATE TABLE statement, which provides
even more details on the table:

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE cats\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: cats
 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `cats` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(150) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`owner` varchar(150) NOT NULL,
`birth` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Use ALTER TABLE...DROP to delete a column:

mysql> ALTER TABLE cats DROP gender;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> DESCRIBE cats;

+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(150) | NO | | NULL | |
| owner | varchar(150) | NO | | NULL | |
| birth | date | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)