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Ch1 - Number System - Part1 Intro

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains the concepts of place value, exponents, and how positive integers are represented in the decimal system using digits and place values. It also covers how computers use bits and binary numbers to represent data.

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geranof579
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views

Ch1 - Number System - Part1 Intro

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains the concepts of place value, exponents, and how positive integers are represented in the decimal system using digits and place values. It also covers how computers use bits and binary numbers to represent data.

Uploaded by

geranof579
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared by D.

Aguilar
 Types Of Numbers
 Exponent Review
 Decimal Numbering System
 Decimal System Principles
 Bits
 Data Representation
 Standard number systems
 Binary
 Octal
 Hexadecimal

 Converting from one number system to another.


 Natural Numbers
 The number 0 and any number obtained by repeatedly adding
a count of 1 to 0
 Ex. 255 or 256,870
 Negative Numbers
 A value less than 0
 Ex. -9 or -255
 Integer
 A natural number, the negative of a natural number, and 0.
 So an integer number system is a system for ‘counting’
things in a simple systematic way
 An exponent (power) tells you how many
times to multiply the base by itself:
 21 = 2

 22 = 2 x 2 =4

 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8

(ANY number raised to power 0 is 1;


 20 = 1
except 00 w/c is undefined)
 1 / x2 = x -2
 Writing a number to show the value of each digit.
 It is shown as a sum of each digit multiplied by its matching place value (ones, tens,
hundreds, etc.)
 Example the number 6,825 in the decimal system actually means:
 How is a positive integer represented in decimal?
 Let’s analyze the decimal number 375:
375 = (3 x 100) + (7 x 10) + (5 x 1)
= (3 x 102) + (7 x 101) + (5 x 100)

Position weights 102 101 100


Number digits 3 7 5
5 x100 = 5 +
7 x101 = 70 +
3 x 102 = 300
375
 A decimal number is a sequence of digits

 Decimal digits must be in the set:


{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} (Base 10)
 Each digit contributes to the value the number
represents
 The value contributed by a digit equals the product of
the digit times the weight of the position of the digit in
the number
 Position weights are powers of 10
 The weight of the rightmost (least significant digit) is
100 (i.e.1)
 The weight of any position is 10x, where x is the
number of positions to the right of the least significant
digit

Position weights 104 103 102 101 100


digits 3 7 5
 In a computer, information is stored using digital
signals that translate to binary numbers
 A single binary digit (0 or 1) is called a bit

 A single bit can represent two possible states,


on (1) or off (0)

 Combinations of bits are used to store values


 Data representation means encoding data into bits
 Typically, multiple bits are used to represent the ‘code’
of each value being represented

 Values being represented may be characters, numbers,


images, audio signals, and video signals.

 Although a different scheme is used to encode each type


of data, in the end the code is always a string of zeros
and ones

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