Unit 1
Science and Technology of
Nanomaterials
Are Nanomaterials New to us?
Nano in Nature and History?
How is it Relevant to Engineers?
Classification of Nanomaterials
Classification of Nanomaterials
1) Rod shaped crystallites (with layer thickness or rod
diameter of the order of a few nanometre)
2) Layer shaped crystallites
3) Nanostructures composed of nanometre sized
crystallites
Classification of Nanomaterials
1) Crystallites and interfacial region having same chemical composition
(e.g.semicrystalline polymers, nanostructured materials having
equiaxed nanometre sized crystals)
2) Crystallites with different chemical composition (e.g. quantum well
structures)
3) Nanomaterials with compositional difference between crystallites and
interfacial region (e.g. nm sized W crystals with Ga segregated to grain
boundaries)
4) (Nano)composites consisting of nm sized crystallites dispersed in
matrix of different compositions (e.g. PMCs, CMCs, MMCs)
What happens at Nano Scale?
Properties of Nanomaterials w.r.t. Bulk
Materials
Melting Point
Thermal Conductivity
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Electrical Properties
Magnetic Properties
Mechanical Properties
Comparing with Strength and Strain of Steels
Types of Steel Strength (MPa) Strain (%)
Low carbon 300-370 28-40
Mild 400-450 26-30
Dual phase 650 30
Microalloyed 600-650 20-22
High strength low alloy 500-800 18-25
Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy 1350 15
Ausformed 2700 8
Ferritic stainless 550 30
Martensitic stainless 1300 5
Austenitic stainless 600 65
Nanotechnology and Miniaturization
Miniaturization
References
Slide Number Reference
2-10, 18-19, 21-23, R.K. Goyal, Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites: Synthesis,
25-30, 32, 34-36, Properties, Characterization Techniques and Applications, CRC
41-46, 50 Press, 1st Edition, 2018
11, 13-17, 31, 33, B.S. Murty, P. Shankar, B. Raj, B.B. Rath, J. Murday, Textbook of
37-38, 42 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Springer University Press, 1st
Edition, 2013
47 V. Raghavan, Physical Metallurgy: Principles and Practice, PHI,
2nd Edition, 2012
48 Charles P. Poole Jr., Frank J. Owens, Introduction to
Nanotechnology, Wiley Interscience, 1st Edition, 2003
39 Dieter Vollath, Nanomaterials: An Introduction to Synthesis,
Properties and Applications, Wiley-VCH, 2nd Edition, 2013
12 https://gems.matse.illinois.edu/educators/
24 T.L. Bergman, A.S. Bergman, F.P. Incropera, D.P. Dewitt,
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, John Wiley and Sons,
7th Edition, 2011
