Chapter -12
Reproduction in Plants
Terminology:
1. Budding: The process by which an organism reproduces by producing buds.
2. Embryo: structure formed by the development of zygote
3. Stamen: the part of flower comprises the male reproductive organ
4. Pistil: the part of flower which is the female reproductive organ of the flower
5. Zygote: product of fusion of the male and female gametes, also called fertilized
egg.
6. Spore: A small thick- walled unicellular body.
7. Unisexual flowers: flowers which contain either stamens or pistils.
8. Bisexual flowers: flowers which have both stamens and pistils.
9. Cross pollination: The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of
another flower on the same plant.
10. Fertilisation: The process in which the male gamete fuses with the female gamete
and forms a zygote is called fertilisation.
11. Seed dispersal: Movement of the seeds away from the parents plant.
NCERT questions
Q1. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Ans: Different methods of asexual reproduction are:
a. Vegetative Propagation: In the vegetative propagation method growth of new plants
takes place from the stem, root, or leaf of the plant. Examples of plants showing
vegetative reproduction are ginger, potatoes.
b. Fragmentation: In the fragmentation method, the body of plants divides into two or
more than two fragments and these fragments grow to form independent plants. Example
of a plant showing a fragmentation method is algae.
c. Budding: In the budding method small bulb projects out from the yeast cell known as
the bud which grows and then disconnects from the plant to create a new organism.
Examples showing the budding method are yeast, hydra.
d. Spore Formation: When the bread is present in the open air, the fungi present in the
bread grow. This is known as spore formation. Examples showing spore formation are
ferns, fungi.
Q2. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.
Ans: Sexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in plants. In sexual reproduction
male gametes and female gametes fuse together with each other to form a zygote which
grows into a new plant/organism.
Q3. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Ans:
Q4. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Ans:
Q5. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Ans:
Q6. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?
Ans:During pollination when the pollen grains reach the stigma of the flower, a pollen
tube is generated where the pollen runs down through the style to the ovary.
The pollen grains then fertilise the ovary which leads to the formation of a zygote.
The formation of zygotes by the involvement of male and female gametes is known as
fertilisation.
Q7. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.
Ans. Seed dispersal occurs by the following ways:
(a)Dispersal by animals − Birds and animals can eat the fruits and excrete the seeds
away from the parent plant. Some seeds have barbs or hooks that get attached to the
animal’s body or fur and are carried to new sites.
(b)Dispersal by wind − Some seeds have wings or hair-like structures. For example,
seeds of drumsticks, hairy fruit of sunflower, etc. are dispersed by wind.
(c)Dispersal by water − Many aquatic plants or plants that live near water has seeds that
can float and are carried away by water. For example, coconuts can float and are
dispersed by water.
(d) Dispersal by explosion − Sometimes the seeds are dispersed by the bursting of fruits
with sudden jerks. The seeds get scattered or distributed far from the parent plant.
Examples of such plants are castor and balsam.
Extra Questions ( Source based)
Case study
Stamens are the male reproductive part and pistil is the female reproductive part.
Flowers which contain either only pistil or only stamens are called unisexual flowers.
Flowers which contain both stamens and pistil are called bisexual flowers. Corn, papaya
and cucumber produce unisexual flowers, whereas mustard, rose and petunia have
bisexual flowers. Anther contains pollen grains which produce male gametes. A pistil
consists of stigma, style and ovary. Ovary Contains one or more ovules. The
Female gamete or the egg is formed in an ovule.
Que. 1) Pistil is the…………reproductive part and stamen is the…..reproductive part of
the flower.
(a) Female, male
(b) Male, female
(c) Male, male
(d) Male, ovule
Que. 2) Papaya produces which type of flowers?
(a) Hermaphrodite
(b) Unisexual
(c) Bisexual
(d) No flower
Que. 3) Where is female gamete formed?
(a) Stamen
(b) Pistil
Picture based question
Observe the given figure
(a) Which plant is this?
Ans. The given figure is of Bryophyllum leaf.
(b) What does it show?
Ans. It shows vegetative reproduction by leaves.
(c) From where the new plants are developing?
Ans. The leaves of Bryophyllum develop some buds in its margin or edges which grow
into new plants, when buried in the soil.
Practice worksheet
