ND\IXQ@XN [@A@ IDQNQ@X F@ND

J`m`f`g ndn anmujpufm`d udtum jijidugn tub`s [if`pcr`d Mcrpcr`t

aidb`d acsid pidb`jpu G`rgndtc Qibug, XI, JXn, H[@, H@

Ansusud cfig?

Aiay Musuj` 05;8;00>50;;;5

E`dn F`r`s U`g`yu 05;8;00>50;;;8

L@MYFQ@X IMCDCJNM@ A@D ENXDNX

YDN\IUXNQ@X AN[CDIBCUC
XIJ@U@DB
5;0>
 M@Q@ [IDB@DQ@U

U`s` syumur y`db a`f`j m`jn s`jp`nm`d mig`anr`t Qug`d ^`db J`g` [ijur`g,
m`
m`ri
rid`
d` ei
eirm
rm`t
`t mi
miju
jur`g
r`g`d
`d-Dy
-Dy`` j`m`
j`m`f`
f`g
g nd
ndnn a`
a`p`
p`tt m`
m`jn
jn sifis`
sifis`nm
nm`d
`d si
sisu
su`n
`n y`
y`db
db

ang`r`pm`d. A`f`j j`m`f`g Eirm`nt`d aidb`d ‖Ndvist`sn p`a` Idtnt`s F`nd‚, anj`d`
a`f`j e`e pije`g`s`d d`dtn m`jn `m`d jije`g`s jidbid`n 5 [X@M y`db tirm`nt
aidb`d Ndvist`sn p`a` Idtnt`s F`nd y`ntu [X@M << a`d [X@M 09. J`m`f`g ndn aneu`t
a`f`j r`dbm` jidyifis`nm`d tub`s j`g`snsw` y`db jidbnmutn j`t` mufn`g ‖[if`pcr`d
Mcrp
Mcrpcr
cr`t‚
`t‚.. A`f`
A`f`j
j pr
prcs
csis
is pi
pida
da`f
`f`j
`j`d
`d j`ti
j`tirn
rn nd
ndn,
n, ti
tidt
dtud
udy`
y` m`
m`jn
jn jida
jida`p
`p`tm
`tm`d
`d
enjendb`d, `r`g`d, mcrimsn a`d s`r`d. Ydtum ntu, r`s` tirnj` m`sng m`jn s`jp`nm`d
mip`a`` Ep G`rgndtc Qibug,
mip`a Qibug, XI, JXn, H[@, H@, sif`mu acsid j`t` mufn`g ‖[if`pcr`d
‖[if`pcr`d
Mcrpcr`t‚ y`db tif`g e`dy`m jijeirnm`d j`sum`d udtum j`m`f`g ndn.
Aijnmn`d j`m`f`g ndn m`jn eu`t sijcb` eirj`dl``t.

Xij`r`db, Dcvijeir 5;0>

[idufns
 E@E N
[IDA@GYFY@D

@. F`t`
F`t`rr Ei
Eif`m
f`m`db
`db J`s`f
`s`f`
`g

@d`fnsns tirg`a`p dnf`n s`g`j pidtndb anf`mum`d cfig sicr`db ndvistcr, tirut`j`
eirm`nt`d aidb`d anvnaid a`d i`rdndb y`db ang`r`pm`d a`rn pirus`g``d an j`s`
y`db
y`db `m`d
`m`d a`t`db
a`t`db.. Eis`rd
Eis`rdy`
y` anvnai
anvnaid
d a`d i`rdnd
i`rdndb
b y`db
y`db ang`r`p
ang`r`pm`d
m`d a`rn
a`rn su`tu
su`tu
pirus`g``d `m`d tirb`dtudb a`rn prcspim miudtudb`d y`db anjnfnmn pirus`g``d.
M`rid`
M`rid` prcspi
prcspim
m pirus`
pirus`g``
g``d
d s`db`t
s`db`t tirb`dt
tirb`dtudb
udb a`rn
a`rn mi`a``
mi`a``d
d imcdcj
imcdcjnn sih`r`
sih`r`
misifurug`d, j`m` `d`fnsns pidnf`n`d s`g`j y`db anf`mum`d ndvistcr oub` g`rus
jijpir
jijpirgnt
gntudb
udbm`d
m`d eieir`p
eieir`p`` v`rn`e
v`rn`eif
if j`mrc
j`mrc y`db
y`db jijpid
jijpidb`r
b`rugn
ugn mij`jp
mij`jpu`d
u`d
pirus`g``d jidbg`snfm`d f`e`
A`f`j pr`mtim sig`rn-g`rn, tna`m o`r`db antijum`d mir`bu-r`bu`d a`rn pr`mtnsn
`mudt`dsn pirus`g``d a`f`j jijeumum`d pidyirt``d s`g`j pirus`g``d. [X@M 09
jidb`t
jidb`tur
ur jidbid
jidbid`n
`n pidh`t
pidh`t`t`d
`t`d `mudt`
`mudt`dsn
dsn `t`s
`t`s pidyir
pidyirt``
t``d
d s`g`j
s`g`j su`tu
su`tu idtnt`
idtnt`s.
s.
Qira`p`t mitidtu`d y`db g`rus anpirg`tnm`d `b`r tna`m mifnru a`f`j jidir`pm`d
jitcai `mudt`dsn, sieifujdy` oub` `m`d anoif`sm`d jidbid`n [X@M << tirm`nt
pidb`tur`d eirs`j` p`a` ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s f`nd.
.
E. Uujus`d J`
J`s`f`g
@a`pud y`db jido`an pirj`s`f`g`d a`f`j pidufns`d j`m`f`g ndn `a`f`g?
0. @p` s`o`
s`o` y`db ane`g`s
ane`g`s p`a` [X@M << tirm`nt
tirm`nt ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s
idtnt`s f`nd3
f`nd3
5. @p` s`o`
s`o` y`db ane`g`s
ane`g`s p`a` [X@M 09 tirm`nt
tirm`nt ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s
idtnt`s f`nd3
f`nd3
H. Quou`d
J`msua a`rn pidufns`d j`m`f`g ndn `a`f`g?
0. Ydtum
Ydtum jidbit`gun
jidbit`gun pidoif`s`
pidoif`s`d
d jidbid`n
jidbid`n [X@M <<
<< y`db tirm`nt
tirm`nt aidb`d
aidb`d ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn
p`a` idtnt`s f`nd
5. Ydtum
Ydtum jidbit`gun
jidbit`gun pidoif`s`
pidoif`s`d
d jidbid`n
jidbid`n [X@M 09
09 y`db tirm`nt
tirm`nt aidb`d
aidb`d ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn
p`a` idtnt`s f`nd
 E@E NN
[IJE@G@X@D

@. [X@M <<

0. Quou`d
[X@M << jirup`m`d pirdy`t``d y`db eirtuou`d udtum jidit`pm`d pidb`tur`d
a`f`j pidbcpir`sn`d su`tu us`g` `t`u pimiro``d sih`r` eirs`j` y`db j`d` mitnm`
idtnt`ss jif`mum`d
idtnt` jif`mum`d miro` s`j` sih`r` mcdtr`mtu
mcdtr`mtu`f
`f udtum
udtum jif`mum`d
jif`mum`d su`tu pimiro``d.
pimiro``d.
[idbcpir`sn`d eirs`j` ndn anf`mum`d `dt`r` au` idtnt`s `t`u fieng.

5. Uu`db Fndbmup

[irdy`t``d ndn antir`pm`d udtum sifurug idtnt`s y`db jirup`m`d png`m a`f`j
pidb`tur`d eirs`j`

8. Ailndnsn

- [idb`tur`d eirs`j` `a`f`g pidb`tur`d y`db anf`mum`d cfigau` png`m `t`u fieng
udtum jif`mum`d pidbida`fn`d eirs`j`.

- [idbida`fn`d eirs`j` `a`f`g pirsituou`d

pirsituou`d mcdtr`mrtu`f udtu
udtum
m eire`bn pidbida`fn`d
pidbida`fn`d
`t`s su`tu pidb`tur`d,
pidb`tur`d, y`db `a` g`dy` mitnm`
mitnm` miputus`d
miputus`d jidbid`n `mtnvnt`s rifiv`d
jidsy`r
jidsy`r`tm
`tm`d
`d pirsitu
pirsituou`
ou`d
d aidb`d
aidb`d su`r`
su`r` euf`t
euf`t a`rn
a`rn sifuru
sifurug
g png`m
png`m y`db
y`db eire`b
eire`bnn
pidbida`fn`d.

[idoif
[idoif`s`
`s`d
d fieng
fieng f`dout
f`dout jidbi
jidbid`n
d`n [idb`
[idb`tu
tur`d
r`d eirs`j
eirs`j`
` a`d pidbi
pidbida`
da`fn`
fn`d
d
eirs`j`

[idb
[idb`t
`tur
ur`d
`d Eirs`
Eirs`j`
j` `a
`a`f
`f`g
`g pi
pidb
db`tu
`tur`d
r`d y`
y`db
db au
au`` `t
`t`u
`u fi
fien
eng
g pn
png`
g`m
m jijn
jijnfn
fnmn
mn
pidbida`fn`d Eirs`j`.

M`r`mtirnstnm pidb`tur`d Eirs`j` `a`f`g sie`b`n eirnmut ?

0. [`r` png`m tirnm`t cfig su`tu pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f

5. [idb
[idb`tu
`tur`d
r`d mc
mcdt
dtr`
r`mt
mtu`
u`ff jije
jijeir
irnm
nm`d
`d pid
pidbid
bida`f
a`fn`d Eirs`j` (ocndt hcdtrcf)
n`d Eirs`j`
mip`a` au` `t`u fieng png`m a`f`j pidb`tur`d tirsieut
 [idb`tur`d [idbida`fn`d
Mcdtr`mtu`f Eirs`j`

[idb`tur`d
eirs`j`

Cpir`sn Eirs`j` \idtur` Eirs`j`

[idoif`s`d a`rn nfustr`sn tirsieut a`p`t anoif`sm`d sipirtn ane`w`g ndn ?

0. [idb`tur`d Mcdtr`mtu`f
[idb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f y`db anj`msua ansndn s`j` aidb`d mcdtr`m miro`/piro`don`d
miro`s
miro`s`j`
`j` y`db
y`db ujujdy
ujujdy`` aneu`t
aneu`t a`f`j
a`f`j miro`s
miro`s`j`
`j` ensdns
ensdns.. [idb`t
[idb`tur`
ur`d
d mcdtr`m
mcdtr`mtu`
tu`ff
jirup`m`d tntnm `w`f a`rn tireidtumdy` pidb`tur`d Eirs`j`. A`rn pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f
`m`d judhuf g`m udtum pidbida`fn`d tirg`a`p su`tu miro`s`j`. Aidb`d m`t` f`nd a`p`t
anm`
anm`t`
t`m`
m`d
d e`
e`gw
gw`` `m
`mtn
tnvn
vnt`s
t`s im
imcd
cdcj
cjnn y`
y`db
db tna`
tna`m
m jijnf
jijnfnm
nmnn pi
pidb
db`tu
`tur`
r`d
d mc
mcdt
dtr`m
r`mtu
tu`f
`f
eum`df`gpidb`tur`d Eirs`j`. O`an onm` eimiro`s`j` aidb`d png`m f`nd t`dp`
jidb
jidbbu
bud`
d`m`
m`d
d mc
mcdt
dtr`
r`m
m j`m`
j`m` nd
ndnn g`
g`dy
dy`` an`d
an`dbb
bb`p
`p sie`b
sie`b`n
`n mi
miro
ro`s`
`s`j`
j` en
en`s`
`s` eu
eum`
m`d
d
pidb`tur`d Eirs`j`. Nsn a`rn pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f en`s`dy` tiransrn a`rn g`f eirnmut ndn?

0. Quou`d, `mtnvnt`s, a`d aur`sn pidb`tur`d Eirs`j`

5. [idudoum `dbbct` anrimsn a`d e`a`d pidbifcf` f`nddy`

8. [rcsis pidb`jenf`d miputus`d (cpir`sncd`f a`d miu`db`d)

1. Jca`f `t`u mcdtrneusn f`nd

9. [ije`bn`d `sit, fn`enfnt`s, pida`p`t`d, eie`d, `t`u f`e` rubn tirm`nt

Ilim
Ilim y`db
y`db antnje
antnjeufm
ufm`d
`d a`rn
a`rn `a`dy`
`a`dy` pidb`t
pidb`tur`
ur`d
d mc
mcdtr
dtr`mt
`mtu`f
u`f `m`d
`m`d jidbg`
jidbg`snf
snfm`d
m`d s`tu
ifijid
ifijid y`db
y`db jido`a
jido`ann sy`r`t
sy`r`t udtum
udtum pidb`t
pidb`tur`
ur`d
d Eirs`j
Eirs`j`` y`ntu
y`ntu `a`dy`
`a`dy` pidbid
pidbida`f
a`fn`d
n`d
Eirs`j`. Eirjuf` a`rn piro`don`d mcdtr`mtu`f f`fu judhuf pidbida`fn`d, pidbida`fn`d
j`ycrnt`s, a`d onm` anb`eudbm`d aidb`d jifng`t snsn a`rn pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f j`m`
judhuff`g pidbida`fn`d Eirs`j`.

[idb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f

[idbida`fn`d

[idbida`fn`d j`ycrnt`s/mcfim
j`ycrnt`s/mcfimll

5. [idbida`fn`d, pidbida`fn`d j`ycrnt`s/mcfimtnl,

j`ycrnt`s/mcfimtnl, a`d pidbida`fn`d Eirs`j`

`. [idbida`fn`d

A`f`j
A`f`j [X@M
[X@M <9 ansieu
ansieutm`
tm`d
d e`gw`
e`gw` su`tu
su`tu ndvistc
ndvistcrr jijpud
jijpudy`n
y`n pidbid
pidbida`f
a`fn`d
n`d
tirg`a`p su`tu idtnt`s `p`enf` jijnfnmn udsur ?

0. Mimu`s``d (pcwir)

Jijnfnmn g`m a`f`j jidb`r`gm`d `mtnvnt`s rifiv`d?

- G`m su`r`

- G`m jididtum`d pirscdif mudhn

- G`m jididtum`d su`tu piro`don`d miro`

5. Nje`f g`snf (riturds)

Nje`f g`snf y`db oujf`gdy` tirb`dtudb mip`a` pirlcrj` y`db ang`snfm`d

- Aivnaid

- Uijudir`sn

- [idbgij`t`d en`y`

- Xndirbn

- [ij`dl``t`d imcdcjn

8. Gueudb`d `dt`r` mimu`s``d a`d nje`f g`snf

@p`enf
@p`enf`` ansiai
ansiairg`
rg`d`m
d`m`d.
`d. [idbid
[idbida`f
a`fn`d
n`d ntu `a` mitnm`
mitnm` su`tu
su`tu ndvistc
ndvistcrr jijnfn
jijnfnmn
mn su`tu
su`tu
mimu`s``d y`db a`p`t anbud`m`d udtum jijpidb`rugn nje`f g`snf y`db anndbndm`d.

e. [idbida`fn`d j`ycrnt`s/mcfimtnl, a`d pidbida`fn`d Eirs`j`

Onm` anfng`t oujf`g png`m y`db jijnfnmn png`m pidbida`fn`d a`p`t ane`bn jido`an ?

[idbida`fn`d

0. X`tu [ng`m

5. Fieng a`rn s`tu png`m

`. [idbida`fn`d J`ycrnt`s/Mcfimtnl

e. [idbida`fn`d Eirs`j`

Ydtum pidbida`fn`d eirs`j` tna`m anpirmid`dm`d `a`dy` pidbida`fn`d cfig s`tu png`m,
pidbida`fn`d y`db `a` g`rus jifne`tm`d png`m f`nd. [idbida`fn`d y`db jijeutugm`d

fieng s`tu png`m ens` ane`bn jido`an au`, y`ntu ?

[i
[idb
dbid
ida`
a`fn
fn`d
`d J`yc
J`ycrn
rnt`
t`ss a`d
a`d pidb
pidbid
ida`
a`fn
fn`d
`d Eirs
Eirs`j
`j`.
`. [i
[ire
reia
ia``
``d
d a`
a`rn
rn au
au`` oi
oidn
dnss
pidbida`fn`d tirsieut ens` anfng`t a`rn nfustr`sn eirnmut ndn ?

Nfustr`sn 0

[idbida`fn`d j`ycrnt`s @ E
H

59% 9;% 59%

Xy`r`t tirh`p`n misip`m`t`d ? 29%

[idbida`fn`d j`ycrnt`s, tiro`an mitnm` aneutugm`d miro`s`j` aidb`d png`m f`nd

udtum jidh`p`n su`r` j`ycrnt`s sie`b`n sy`r`t misip`m`t`d. Jns`fdy` a`f`j nfustr`sn
udtum
udtum jidh`p
jidh`p`n
`n misip`
misip`m`t
m`t`d
`d aneutu
aneutugm`
gm`d
d su`r`
su`r` 29%.
29%. Ydtum
Ydtum jidh`p
jidh`p`n
`n dnf`n
dnf`n ndn pirfu
anf`mum`d miro`s`j` idt`g ntu `dt`r` png`m @-E, `t`u E-H.

[idbida`fn
[idbida`fn`d
`d Eirs`j`,
Eirs`j`, `p`enf`
`p`enf` anb`je`rm`
anb`je`rm`d
d aidb`d
aidb`d nfustr`sn
nfustr`sn b`je`r
b`je`r tirsieut,
tirsieut,
g`jpnr jijnfnmn mcdsip y`db s`j` aidb`d pidbida`fn`d j`ycrnt`s, y`ntu aneutugm`ddy`
miro`s`j` aidb`d png`m f`nd udtum jif`mum`d pidbida`fn`d. D`jud pireia``ddy` a`f`j
pidbida`fn`d Eirs`j` tna`m anpirmid`dm`d `a`dy` fieng a`rn s`tu mcjend`sn miro`s`j`.
[idbida`fn`d g`dy` judhuf a`rn s`tu mcjend`sn, jnss`f mcjend`sn @-E. A`f`j mcdtr`m
en`s`dy` `m`d ansieutm`d sn`p` s`o` y`db ens` jijnfnmn pidbida`fn`d Eirs`j`.
Eira`s
Eira`s`rm
`rm`d
`d nfustr`
nfustr`sn
sn tirsieu
tirsieutt ens`
ens` s`o`
s`o` tiro`a
tiro`ann pidbid
pidbida`f
a`fn`d
n`d Eirs`j`
Eirs`j` `p`enf
`p`enf`` a`f`j
a`f`j

mc
mcdt
dtr`m
r`m ansie
ansieut
utm`
m`d
d png`
png`m
m y`
y`db
db j`d`
j`d` s`o`
s`o` y`
y`db
db jijn
jijnfn
fnmn
mn pi
pidb
dbid
ida`
a`fn`
fn`d
d Eirs`
Eirs`j`
j`..
Hcdtcg
Hcd tcgdy`
dy` ansieu
ansieutm`
tm`d
d a`f`j
a`f`j misip`
misip`m`t
m`t`d
`d e`gw`
e`gw` mcjend
mcjend`sn
`sn y`db
y`db rifiv`d
rifiv`d g`dy`f
g`dy`f`g
`g
mcjend`sn @-E.

8. Cpir`sn Eirs`j` a`d \idtur` Eirs`j`

[X@M
[X@M << `a`f`g
`a`f`g pidbif
pidbifcj
cjpcm
pcm`d
`d miro`s`
miro`s`j`
j` eira`s
eira`s`rm
`rm`d
`d pij`m`
pij`m`nn mida`r
mida`r``d
``d
tirpns`g `t`u tna`m. Mida`r``d tirpns`g y`db anj`msua ansndn `a`f`g idtnt`s y`db tirpns`g
a`rnn png`m
a`r png`m ndvistc
ndvistcrr y`db
y`db tirfne
tirfne`t
`t a`f`j
a`f`j miro`s`
miro`s`j`
j` cpir`sn
cpir`sn Eirs`j
Eirs`j`/v
`/vidt
idtur`
ur` Eirs`j
Eirs`j`.
`.
Hcdtcg
Hcdtcgdy`
dy` [Q @ a`d [Q E eimiro`
eimiro`s`j
s`j`` aidb`d
aidb`d jijeid
jijeidtum
tum e`a`d
e`a`d pidbif
pidbifcf`
cf` y`db
y`db
eird`j` @E, j`m` @E ansndn an`dbb`p sie`b`n mida`r``d tirpns`g. Eidtum mida`r``d
tirpns`g ndn tna`mf`g g`rus [Q, `s`fm`d e`a`d ndn tirpns`g a`rn ndvistcr j`m` n` an`mun
sie`b`n mida`r``d tirpns`g. Xif`nd mida`r``d tirpns`g oub` pirfu anpirg`tnm`d gumuj, nsn
mcdtr`m, `t`u l`mt` a`d mi`a``d f`nddy`.

Nsn mcdtr`mtu`f a`rn su`tu miro`s`j` jido`an s`f`g s`tu g`f y`db mrusn`f a`f`j
pididtu`d eidtum a`rn pidb`tur`d Eirs`j` sisu`n aidb`d pirdy`t``d [X@M << y`db
jidyieutm`d e`gw` png`m a`rn pidbida`fn`d Eirs`j` jidb`mun g`m a`d miw`one`ddy`
eira`s`rm`d nsn a`rn pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f, tirfip`s a`rn eidtum gumuj/us`g` miro`s`j`
miro`s `j`
y`db aneidtum.

[idb`mu`d g`m a`d miw`one`d ndn y`db jido`an a`s`r pireia``d udtum cpir`sn
Eirs`j` a`d vidtur` Eirs`j`.

Cpir`sn
Cpir`sn Eirs`j
Eirs`j`` (ocndt
(ocndt cpir`t
cpir`tncd
ncd)) `a`f`g
`a`f`g pidb`t
pidb`tur`
ur`d
d eirs`j
eirs`j`` y`db
y`db jidb`t
jidb`tur
ur
e`gw` p`r` png`m y`db jijnfnmn pidbida`fn`d Eirs`j` `t`s pidb`tur`d jijnfnmn g`m `t`s
`sit, a`d miw`one`d `t`s fn`enfnt`, tirm`nt aidb`d pidb`tur`d tirsieut.

\idtur` Eirs`j` `a`f`g pidb`tur`d Eirs`j` y`db jidb`tur e`gw` p`r` png`m
y`db
y`db jijnfn
jijnfnmn
mn pidbid
pidbida`f
a`fn`d
n`d Eirs`j
Eirs`j`` `t`s pidb`t
pidb`tur`
ur`d
d jijnfn
jijnfnmn
mn g`m `t`s
`t`s `sit ditc
ditc
pidb`tur`d tirsieut. [`r` png`m tirsieut ansieut vidtur` Eirs`j`.

1. Oidns [idb`tur`d Eirs`j`

Idtnt`s jididtum`d oidns pidb`tur`d eirs`j` y`db idtnt`s tirsieut tirfne`t ana`f`jdy`.

0. Cpir`sn eirs`j` `a`f`g pidb`tur`d

pidb`tur`d eirs`j` y`db jidb`tur
jidb`tur e`gw`
e`gw` p`r` png`m y`db
jijnfnmn pidbida`fn`d eirs`j` `t`s pidb`tur`d jijnfnmn g`m `t`s `ssit, a`d miw`one`d
tirg`a
tirg`a`p
`p fn`enf
fn`enfnt`s
nt`s,, tirm`n
tirm`ntt aidb`d
aidb`d pidb`t
pidb`tur`
ur`d
d tirsie
tirsieut.
ut. [ng`m-p
[ng`m-png`
ng`m
m tirsie
tirsieut
ut ansieu
ansieutt
cpir`tcr eirs`j`.

5. \idtur` eirs`j` `a`f`g pidb`tur`d

pidb`tur`d eirs`j` y`db jidb`tur e`gw` p`r` png`m y`db
jijnfnmn pidbida`fn`d eirs`j` `t`s pidb`tur`d jijnfmn g`m `t`s `ssit ditc pidb`tur`d
tirsieut. [`r` png`m tirsieut ansieut vidturi eirs`j`.

9. F`pcr`d Miu`db`d [`r` [ng`m a`f`j [idb`tur`d Eirs`j`

Cpir`sn
Cpir`sn eirs`j
eirs`j`` jidb`m
jidb`mun
un g`f eirnmu
eirnmutt tirm`n
tirm`ntt aidb`d
aidb`d mipidt
mipidtndb
ndb`dd
`ddy`
y` a`f`j
a`f`j
cpir`sn eirs`j`?

`) @sit, jidh`mup e`bn`ddy` `t`s sitn`p `sit y`db anjnfnmn eirs`j`

e) Fn`enfnt`s, jidh`mup e`bn`ddy` `t`s fn`enfnt`s y`db tiro`an eirs`j`

h) [ida`p`t`d a`rn pido
a) u`f`d e`bn`ddy` `t`s cutput y`db ang`snfm`d a`rn cpir`sn eirs`j`
i) E`bn`ddy` `t`s pida`p`t`d a`rn pidou`f`d cutput cfig cpir`sn eirs`j`
l) Eie`d, jidh`mup e`bn`ddy` `t`s sitn`p eie`d y`db tiro`an sih`r` eirs`j`-s`j`.

\idtur
\idturir
ir eirs`j
eirs`j`` jidb`m
jidb`mun
un mipidt
mipidtndb
ndb`dd
`ddy`
y` a`f`j
a`f`j vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`` sie`b`
sie`b`nn
ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn a`d jidh`t`t ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn tirsieut
tirsieut aidb`d
aidb`d jidbbud`m`
jidbbud`m`d
d jitcai
jitcai imunt`s
imunt`s sisu`n
aidb`d [X@M 09? Ndvist`sn p`a` Idtnt`s @scsn`sn a`d \idtur` Eirs`j`, mihu`fn idtnt`s
anmihu`fnm`d a`rn pidir`p`d jitcai imunt`s sipirtn y`db antidtum`d a`f`j pirdy`t``d
tirsieut.
<. [idir`p`d

2. Mf`snlnm`sn [idb`tur`d Eirs`j`

Mf`snlnm`sn pidb`tur`d eirs`j` jidsy`r`tm`dp`r` png`m udtum jidnf`n g`m a`d miw`one`d
y`db tnjeuf a`rn pidb`tur`d.

Mitnm` pidb`tur`d eirs`j` aneidtum jif`fun mida`r``d tirpns`g?

`) Eidtum
Eidtum gumu
gumuj
j a`rn
a`rn mida`
mida`r``
r``d
d tirpns
tirpns`g
`g
e) [irsy`r`t`d pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f
h) A`d jifn
jifng`t
g`t rifiv
rifiv`ds
`dsn,
n, l`mt`
l`mt` a`d mi`a
mi`a``d
``d f`nd
f`nd
7. F`pcr`d Miu`db`d [`r` [ng`m a`f`j [idb`tur`d Eirs`j`

@mudt`dsn udtum pidou`f`d `t`u mcdtrneusn `sit mip`a` cpir`sn eirs`j`, mitnm`
idtnt`s
idtnt`s jif`mu
jif`mum`d
m`d tr`ds`m
tr`ds`msn
sn aidb`d
aidb`d cpir`sn
cpir`sn eirs`j`
eirs`j` y`db
y`db idtnt`
idtnt`ss tirsie
tirsieut
ut eirtnd
eirtnda`m
a`m
sie`b`n s`f`g s`tu cpir`tcr eirs`j`dy`, sipirtn pidou`f`d `t`u mncdtrneusn `sit, idtnt`s
jif`mum`d tr`ds`msn aidb`d png`m f`nd a`f`j cpir`sn eirs`j`, aidb`d aijnmn`d cpir`tcr
eirs`j` jidb`mun miudtudb`d a`d mirubn`d y`db ang`snfm`d a`rn tr
tr`ds`msn
`ds`msn tirsieut g`dy`
sie`t`s mipidtndb`d p`r` png`m f`nd a`f`j cpir`sn eirs`j`.
 @mudt`dsn udtum pijeifn`d `sit a`rn cpir`sn eirs`j`, mitnm` idtnt`s jif`mum`d
tr`ds`
tr`ds`msn
msn aidb`d
aidb`d cpir`sn
cpir`sn eirs`j
eirs`j`` y`db
y`db idtnt`
idtnt`ss tirs
tirsieu
ieutt eirtnd
eirtnda`m
a`m sie`b`n
sie`b`n s`f`g
s`f`g s`tu
s`tu
cpir`tcr eirs`j`dy`, sipirtn pijeifn`d `sit, idtnt`s tna`m jidb`mun e`bn`d miudtudb`d
a`d mirubn`ddy` s`jp`n idtnt`s jidou`f mije`fn `sit tirsieut mip`a` png`m mitnb`. Mitnm`
tr`ds`msn y`db aijnmn`d jijeirnm`d eumtn pidbur`db`d `t`s dnf`n ri`fns`sn ditc `sit y`db

`m`d aneifn
`m`d aneifn `t`u eumtn
eumtn rubnpi
rubnpidu
durud
rud`d
`d dnf`n
dnf`n `sit tirsieu
tirsieut,
t, cpir`tc
cpir`tcrr eirs`j
eirs`j`` jidb`m
jidb`mun
un
e`bn``ddy` `t`s mirubn`d tirsieut.

>. Q`dbb`f Ilimtnl

Q`dbb`f ilimtnl udtum [X@M << ndn juf`n pirncai t`gud eumu y`db anjuf`n `t`u
sitif`g t`dbb`f 0 o`du`rn 5;09
E. [X@M 09
0. Quou`d

Ydtum
Ydtum jidb`t
jidb`tur
ur pirf`m
pirf`mu`d
u`d `mudt`
`mudt`dsn
dsn ndvist
ndvist`sn
`sn p`a`
p`a` idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`
`scsn`sn
sn a`d
jidb`t
jidb`tur
ur pirsy`
pirsy`r`t
r`t`d
`d pidir`
pidir`p`d
p`d jitcai
jitcai imunt`
imunt`ss `t`s
`t`s `mudt`
`mudt`dsn
dsn ndvist`
ndvist`sn
sn p`a`
p`a`
idtnt`s `scsn`sn a`d vidtur` eirs`j`.

5. F`t`r Eif`m`db
An
Anti
tir`
r`pm
pm`d
`d cfig
cfig si
sifu
furu
rug
g idtn
idtnt`
t`ss y`
y`db
db jiru
jirup`
p`m`
m`d
d nd
ndvi
vist
stcr
cr ai
aidb
db`d
`d
pidbida`fn`d eirs`j` `t`u pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d `t`s ndvistii
ndvistii..

8. Ailndnsn
0. Idtnt`s @scsn`sn
Jirup`m`d idtnt`s y`db j`d` ndvistcr jijnfnmn pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d
5. \idt
\idtur
ur`` Eirs
Eirs`j
`j``
[idb`tur`d eirs`j` y`db p`r` png`mdy` jijnfnmn pidbida`fn`d eirs`j` `t`s
pidb`tur`d jijnfnmn g`m `t`s `sit ditc a`rn pidb`tur`d
8. Jitcai Imunt`s
Jitcai `mudt`dsn an j`d` ndvist`sn `w`fdy` anh`t`t sieis`r g`rb` pircfig`d
sif`do
sif`doutd
utdy`
y` ansisu
ansisu`nm
`nm`d
`d `t`s
`t`s pirue`
pirue`g`d
g`d p`sh`
p`sh` pircfi
pircfig`d
g`d,, f`e`
f`e` `t`u rubn
rubn a`d
pidbg`snf`d mcjprigidsnl f`nd.
G`rb` pircfig`d `w`f + e`bn`d f`e` ‘ e`bn`d rubn ‘ e`bn`d anstrneusn a`rn
ndvistii +/- pidbg`snf`d mcjprigidsnl
Mitnm` ndvist`sn rubn signdbb` ndvist`sn jido`an dib`tnl, j`m` ndvist`sn
`m`d ans`onm`d sieis`r dcf, fn`enfnt`s an`mun onm` jijnfnmn miw`one`d gumuj a`d
mcdstrumtn
mcdstrumtnl.
l. Onm` f`e`, pidb`mu`d
pidb`mu`d f`e` e`ru sitif`g
sitif`g e`bn`d f`e` s`j` aidb`d
e`bn`d rubn y`db tif`g an`mun.
1. Ndvist`sn [`a` Idtnt`s F`nd

Qna`m `a`
[idb`rug [idbida`fn`d
pidb`rug [idbida`fn`d
snbdnlnm`d Eirs`j`
snbdnlnm`d

65;% 5;69;% ≡9;% 49;%

@sit Idtnt`s \idtur` Idtnt`s

miu`db`d @scsn`sn Eirs`j` @d`m

Dnf`n w`o`r Jitcai Imunt`s Mcdscfna`sn

Eira
Eira`s
`s`rm
`rm`d
`d nfus
nfustr`
tr`sn
sn tirsi
tirsieu
eutt a`
a`p`
p`tt an
anoi
oif`
f`sm
sm`d
`d e`
e`gw
gw`` onm`
onm` nd
ndvi
vistc
stcrr
jijpudy`n mipijnfnm`d s`g`j mur`db a`rn 5;% j`m` jitcai pidh`t`t`d `mudt`dsn
anh`t`t jidbbud`m`d
jidbbud`m`d jitcai en`y` sieis`r dnf`n w`o`r a`d an`dbb`p tna`m jijnfnmn
pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d, mihu`fn pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d tirsieut a`p`t aneumtnm`d aidb`d
oif`s.
Xif`doutdy
Xif`doutdy`` pirus`
pirus`g``d
g``d `scsn`sn sie`b`n su`tu pirus`g``d y`db ndvistcrdy`
ndvistcrdy`
jijpudy`n
jijpudy`n pidb
pidb`rug
`rug y`db snbdnl
snbdnlnm`d
nm`d (jijnf
(jijnfnmn
nmn wiwid
wiwid`db
`db udtu
udtum
m eirp`r
eirp`rtnsnp`
tnsnp`sn
sn
a`f`j miputus`d y`db jidy`dbmut mieno`m`d miu`db`d sirt` cpir`sn ndvistii
ndvistii,, tit`pn
eum`d jirup`m`d pidbida`fn`d tirg`a`p mieno`m`d tirsieut). A`p`t anfng`t a`rn g`m
su`r` a`rn mipijnfnm`d s`g`j 5;% `t`u mur`db a`rn 9;%.
Xia`
Xia`db
dbm`
m`d
d ud
udtu
tum
m vi
vidt
dtur
ur`` ei
eirs
rs`j
`j`` `a
`a`f
`f`g
`g id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss y`db
y`db ji
jijp
jpud
udy`
y`nn
mipijnfnm`d s`g`j s`j` aidb`d `t`u mur`db a`rn 9;% a`d sih`r` ait`nf anoif`sm`d
a`f`j pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f/piro`don`d miro`s`j` `dt`r` au` pirus`g``d `t`u fieng
j`m` tnjeuf `a`dy` pidbida`fn`d eirs`j`.
[idbida`fn
[idbida`fn`d
`d `a`f`g mimu`s``d udtum jidb`tur
jidb`tur mieno`m`d
mieno`m`d miu`db`d
miu`db`d a`d
cpir`sncd`f su`tu idtnt`s udtum jijpircfig j`dl``t a`rn `mtnvnt`s idtnt`s tirsieut.
[idbida`fn`d an`dbb`p `a` enf` idtnt`s ndaum jijnfnmn sih`r` f`dbsudb `t`u tna`m
f`dbsudb jif`fun idtnt`s `d`m fieng a`rn 9;% mipijnfnm`d idtnt`s a`d anf`pcrm`d
a`f`j f`pcr`d mcdscfna`sn.

9. [idb`rug snbdnlnm`d

Onm` idtnt`s jijnfnmn, sih`r` f`dbsudb j`upud tna`m f`dbsudb (hcdtcgdy`

jif`fu
jif`funn idtnt`s
idtnt`s `d`m),
`d`m), 5;% `t`u fieng g`m su`
su`r`
r` ndv
ndvisti
istii,
i, j`m` idtnt`s an`dbb`p
jijnfnmn pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d, mihu`fn a`p`t aneumtnm`d aidb`d oif`s e`gw` idtnt`s
e`gw` idtnt`s tna`m jijnfnmn pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d. Xie`fnmdy`, onm` idtnt`s
jijnfnmn, sih`r` f`dbsudb j`upud tna`m f`dbsudb (hcdtcgdy` jif`fun idtnt`s `d`m),
mu
mur`
r`d
db a`r
`rnn 5;% g`m
g`m su
su`r
`r`` ndvi
ndvist
stii
ii,, j`m
j`m`` idtnt`
idtnt`ss an`dbb
an`dbb`p
`p tna`m
tna`m jijnfn
jijnfnmn
mn
pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d, mihu`fn pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d tirsieut a`p`t aneumtnm`d aidb`d
oif`s. Mipijnfnm`d suest`dsn`f `t`u j`ycrnt`s cfig ndvistcr f`nd tna`m jidbg`f`dbn
idtnt`s udtum jijnfnmn pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d.
Mieir`a``d
Mieir`a``d pidb`rug
pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d
snbdnlnm`d cfig idtnt`s
idtnt`s ujujdy`
ujujdy` aneumtnm`
aneumtnm`d
d aidb`d
aidb`d
s`tu `t`u fieng h`r` eirnmut ndn?
`. Mitirw
Mitirw`mn
`mnf`d
f`d a`f`j
a`f`j aiw`d
aiw`d anrimsn
anrimsn a`d aiw`d
aiw`d mcjns`rn
mcjns`rnss `t`u crb`d
crb`d sit`r` an
ndvistii,

e. [`rtnsnp`sn a`f`j prcsis pijeu`t`d mieno`m`d, tirj`sum p`rtnsnp`sn a`f`j

pidb`jenf`d miputus`d tidt`db anvnaid `t`u anstrneusn
anstrneusn f`nd,
h. @a`dy`
@a`dy` tr`d
tr`ds`m
s`msn
sn j`tirn
j`tirn`f
`f `dt`r`
`dt`r` idtnt
idtnt`s
`s aidb`d
aidb`d ndvistii,

a. [irtum
[irtum`r`
`r`d
d pirsc
pirscdnf
dnf j`d
j`d`oi
`oirn`f
rn`f,, `t`u
`t`u

i. [idyia
[idyian``
n``d
d ndlcr
ndlcrj`s
j`snn timdn
timdnss pcmcm
pcmcm..

Idtn
Idtnt`
t`ss a`
a`p`
p`tt jijn
jijnfnm
fnmnn w`r`
w`r`d,
d, cp
cpsn
sn ei
eifn
fn s`g`j
s`g`j,, nd
ndst
stru
ruji
jid
d ut
ut`d
`db
b `t
`t`u
`u
ndstru
ndstrujid
jid imunt`s
imunt`s y`db
y`db a`p`t
a`p`t anmcdv
anmcdvirsn
irsn jido`a
jido`ann s`g`j
s`g`j en`s`,
en`s`, `t`u ndstru
ndstrujid
jid
sioidns
sioidns f`nd y`db
y`db jijnfnm
jijnfnmnn pctids
pctidsnn (onm`
(onm` anf`ms`
anf`ms`d`m
d`m`d
`d `t`u anmcdv
anmcdvirsn
irsn)) udtum
udtum
jid`je`g g`m su`r` idtnt`s `t`u jidbur`dbn g`m su`r` png`m f`nd `t`s mieno`m`d
miu`db`d a`d cpir`sncd`f idtnt`s f`nddy` (y`ntu g`m su`r` pctidsn`f). Mieir`a``d
a`
a`d
d a`
a`jp
jp`m
`m a`
a`rn
rn g`
g`m
m su
su`r
`r`` pc
pcti
tidsn
dsn`f
`f y`
y`db
db s``t
s``t nd
ndnn a`
a`p`
p`tt an
anf`m
f`ms`d
s`d`m
`m`d
`d `t
`t`u
`u
anmc
anmcdv
dvir
irsn
sn,, tirj
tirj`s
`sum
um g`m
g`m su
su`r
`r`` pcti
pctids
dsn`
n`fy
fy`d
`db
b an
anjn
jnfn
fnmn
mn cf
cfig
ig id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss f`
f`nd
nd,,
anpirtnje`dbm`d mitnm` jidnf`n `p`m`g idtnt`s jijnfnmn pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d. G`m
su`r` pctidsn`f s``t ndn tna`m a`p`t anf`ms`d`m`d `t`u anmcdvirsn mitnm`, sie`b`n
hcdtcg, g`m su`r` tirsieut tna`m a`p`t anf`ms`d`m`d `t`u anmcdvirsn s`jp`n aidb`d
su`tu t`dbb`f an j`s` aip`d `t`u s`jp`n tiro`andy` su`tu pirnstnw` an j`s` aip`d.
A`f`j jidnf`n `p`m`g g`m su`r` pctidsn`f eirmcdtrneusn tirg`a`p pidb`rug
snbdnlnm`d, idtnt`s jidbuon sifurug l`mt` a`d mi`a``d (tirj`sum sy`r`t pif`ms`d``d
g`m su`r` pctidsn`f a`d pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f f`nd `p`m`g anpirtnje`dbm`d sih`r`

ndanvnau`
ndanvnau`ff `t`u a`f`j
a`f`j mcjend
mcjend`sn)
`sn) y`db
y`db jijpid
jijpidb`r
b`rugn
ugn g`m pctids
pctidsn`f
n`f,, mihu`f
mihu`fnn
ndti
ndtids
dsnn j`d`
j`d`oioiji
jidd a`d
a`d mij`
mij`jp
jpu`
u`d
d mi
miu`
u`db
db`d
`d ud
udtu
tum
m jif`
jif`ms
ms`d
`d`m
`m`d`d `t
`t`u
`u
jidbmcdvirsn g`m pctidsn`f tirsieut.
Idtn
Idtnt`
t`ss mign
mignf`
f`db
db`d
`d pidb
pidb`r
`rug
ug sn
snbd
bdnl
nlnm
nm`d
`d `t
`t`s
`s ndvistii mit
mitnm`
nm` idtnt`
idtnt`ss
mignf`db`d mimu`s``d udtum eirp`rtnsnp`sn a`f`j miputus`d mieno`m`d miu`db`d
a`d cpir`sncd`f
cpir`sncd`f ndvistii. Gnf`dbdy` pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d a`p`t tiro`an aidb`d `t`u
t`dp` pirue`g`d a`f`j tndbm`t mipijnfnm`d sih`r` `escfut `t`u rif`tnl. G`f ndn a`p`t
tiro`an
tiro`an,, sie`b`n
sie`b`n hcdtcg
hcdtcg,, mitnm`
mitnm` idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`s
`scsn`snn jido`a
jido`ann sueoim
sueoim pidbid
pidbida`f
a`fn`d
n`d
pijirndt`g, pidb`anf`d, `ajndnstr`tcr, `t`u ribuf`tcr. G`f ndn a`p`t oub` tiro`an

sie`b`n g`snf a`rn su`tu pidb`tur`d mcdtr`mtu`f.

<. Jitcai Imunt`s

A`f`j jitcai imunt`s, pidb`mu`d

pidb`mu`d `w`f ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s
idtnt`s `scsn`sn
`scsn`sn `t`u
vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`` an`mun
an`mun sieis`r
sieis`r en`y`
en`y` pircfi
pircfig`d
g`d,, a`d oujf`g
oujf`g tirh`t`t
tirh`t`t tirsie
tirsieut
ut
ant`je
ant`je`g
`g `t`u
`t`u anmur`
anmur`db
db udtum
udtum jidb`m
jidb`mun
un e`bn`d
e`bn`d ndvistc
ndvistcrr `t`s
`t`s f`e`
f`e` rubn
rubn ndvistii
sitif`g t`dbb`f pircfig`d. E`bn`d ndvistcr `t`s f`e` rubn ndvistii an`mun a`f`j f`e`
rubn
rubn ndvi
ndvist
stcr
cr.. [i
[idi
dirn
rnj`
j``d
`d anst
anstrn
rneu
eusn
sn a`rn
a`rn ndvi
visstii jid
jidbur
bur`db
`dbnn dnf`n
dnf`n tirh`t`
tirh`t`tt
ndvist`sn. [idyisu`n`d tirg`a`p oujf`g tirh`t`t tirsieut oub` judbmnd aneutugm`d
udtum
udtum pirue`
pirue`g`d
g`d udtum
udtum pirue`
pirue`g`d
g`d a`f`j
a`f`j prcpcr
prcpcrsn
sn e`bn`d
e`bn`d ndvistc
ndvistcrr `t`s ndvistii
y`
y`db
db tnje
tnjeuf
uf a`
a`rn
rn pi
pidb
dbg`
g`sn
snf`
f`d
d mc
mcjp
jprig
rigid
idsn
snll f`
f`nd
nd nd
ndvi
vist
stii
ii.. [irue
[irue`g`d
`g`d tirsieut
tirsieut
tirj`sum pirue`g`d y`db tnjeuf a`rn riv`fu`sn `sit tit`p a`d sifnsng pido`e`r`d
v`fut` `sndb. E`bn`d ndvistcr `t`s pirue`g`d tirsieut an`mun a`f`j pidbg`snf`d
mcjprigidsnl f`nd ndvistcr.

[idb`mu`d pidbg`snf`d y`db ana`s`rm`d p`a` anstrneusn y`db antirnj` tna`m

a`p`t jido`an umur`d y`db humup `t`s pidbg`snf`d y`db anpircfig cfig ndvistcr `t`s
ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` m`rid`
m`rid` anstrneusn
anstrneusn y`db antirnj`
antirnj`
jijnfnm
jijnfnmnn gueudb
gueudb`d
`d y`db
y`db rida`g
rida`g aidb`d
aidb`d mndiro
mndiro`` idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`s
`scsn`snn `t`u
`t`u vidtur
vidtur``
eirs`j`. M`rid` ndvistcr jijnfnmn pidbida`fn`d eirs`j` `t`u pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d
`t`s ndvis
ndvistii
tii,, j`m
j`m`` ndvistc
ndvistcrr jijnfn
jijnfnmn
mn `danf
`danf a`f`j
a`f`j mndiro`
mndiro` idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`
`scsn`sn
sn `t`u
`t`u
vidtur` eirs`j`, a`d sie`b`n g`snfdy`, jijpircfig nje`f g`snf `t`s ndvist`sndy`.
Ndvistcr
Ndvistcr jidh`t`t
jidh`t`t e`bn`ddy`
e`bn`ddy` aidb`d jijpirfu`s
jijpirfu`s fndbmup
fndbmup f`pcr`d
f`pcr`d miu`db`ddy
miu`db`ddy``
aidb`d
aidb`d jidh`m
jidh`mup
up e`bn`d
e`bn`ddy`
dy` `t`s f`e`
f`e` rubn
rubn ndv
ndvist
istii.
ii. Xie`b`n g`snfdy`, pidir`p`d
jitcai imunt`s jijeirnm`d pif`pcr`d y`db fieng ndlcrj`tnl `t`s `sit ditc a`d f`e`

rubn ndvistcr.
Mitnm` tira`p`t g`m su`r` pctidsn`f `t`u airnv`tnl f`nd y`db jidb`daudb g`m
su`r` pctidsn`f,
pctidsn`f, mipid
mipidtndb`
tndb`d
d idtnt`s
idtnt`s a`f`j idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`
antidt
antidtum`
um`d
d sij`t`-j
sij`t`-j`t`
`t` eira`s
eira`s`rm
`rm`d
`d e`bn`d
e`bn`d mipijn
mipijnfnm
fnm`d
`d y`db
y`db `a` a`d tna`m
tna`m
jidhirjndm`
jidhirjndm`d
d mijudbmnd
mijudbmnd`d
`d pif`ms`d``d
pif`ms`d``d `t`u mcdvirsn
mcdvirsn g`m su`r` pctidsn`f
pctidsn`f a`d
ndstrujid airnv`tnl f`nd, mihu`fn p`r`br`l 08 antir`pm`d.
A`f`j eieir`p` mi`a``d, idtnt`s jijnfnmn, sih`r` suest`dsn, mipijnfnm`d
y`db s``t ndn sie`b`n g`snf a`rn su`tu tr`ds`msn y`db s``t ndn jijeirndy` `msis
mip`a` nje`f g`snf y`db eirgueudb`d aidb`d e`bn`d mipijnfnm`d. A`f`j mi`a``d

tirs
tirsie
ieut
ut,, pr
prcp
cpcr
crsn
sn y`db
y`db an`f
an`fcm
cm`s
`snm
nm`d
`d mi
mip`
p`a`
a` ididtn
tnt`
t`ss an
anti
tidt
dtum
um`d
`d aiaidb
db`d
`d
jijpirgntudbm`d pif`ms`d``d `mgnr g`m su`r` pctidsn`f a`d ndstrujid airnv`tnl f`nd
y`db s``t ndn jijeirnm`d idtnt`s `msis tirg`a`p nje`f g`snf.

2. [idir`p`d jitcai imunt`s

Idtnt`s aidb`d pidbida`fn`d eirs`j` `t`u pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d `t`s ndvistii

jidh
jidh`t
`t`t
`t nd
ndvi
vist`
st`sn
sndy
dy`` p`
p`a`
a` id
idtn
tnt`s
t`s `s
`scs
csn`s
n`snn `t
`t`u
`u vi
vidt
dtur
ur`` ei
eirs`
rs`j`
j` ai
aidb
db`d
`d
jidbbu
jidbbud`m
d`m`d
`d jitcai
jitcai imunt`s
imunt`s,, mihu`f
mihu`fnn onm`
onm` ndvist`
ndvist`sn
sn tirsieu
tirsieutt jijidu
jijidugn
gn sy`r`t
sy`r`t
pidbihu`fn`d pidir`p`d jitcai imunt`s.

[idbihu`fn`d pidir`p`d jitcai imunt`s

Mitnm` ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` anjnfnmn cfig,
`t`u anjnfnmn sih`r` tna`m f`dbsudb
f`dbsudb jif`fun,
jif`fun, idtnt`s
idtnt`s y`db jirup`m`d
jirup`m`d crb`dns`sn
crb`dns`sn
jca`f vidtur` `t`u rims` a`d`, udnt pirw`fn`d a`d idtnt`s sirup` tirj`sum a`d`
`sur`ds
`sur`dsnn tirm`nt
tirm`nt ndvist`
ndvist`sn
sn idtnt`
idtnt`ss a`p`t
a`p`t jijnfn
jijnfng
g udtum
udtum jidbum
jidbumur
ur ndvist`
ndvist`sn
sn p`a`
p`a`
idtnt`s `scsn`sn a`d vidtur` eirs`j` tirsieut p`a` dnf`n w`o`r jif`fun f`e` rubn
sisu`n aidb`d [X@M 99? Ndstrujid Miu`db`d [idb`mu`d
[idb`mu`d a`d [idbumur`d.
[idbumur`d.
Mitnm` idtnt`s jijnfnmn ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn, y`db sie`bn`ddy`

anjnfnmn sih`r` tna`m f`dbsudb jif`fun crb`dns`sn jca`f vidtur`, `t`u rims` a`d`,
udnt pirw`fn`d a`d idtnt`s sioidns tirj`sum a`d` `sur`dsn tirm`nt ndvist`sn, idtnt`s
tirsieut a`p`t jijnfng udtum jidbumur e`bn`d a`rn ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn
tirsieu
tirsieutt p`a`
p`a` dnf`n
dnf`n w`o
w`o`r
`r jif`fu
jif`funn f`e`
f`e` rubn
rubn sisu`n
sisu`n aidb`d
aidb`d [X@M
[X@M 99? Ndstrujid
Miu`db`d? [idb`mu`d a`d [idbumur`d tir
tirfip
fip`s
`s a`rn
a`rn `p`m`g
`p`m`g crb`dn
crb`dns`sn
s`sn jca`f
jca`f
vidtur`, `t`u rims` a`d`, udnt pirw`fn`d a`d idtnt`s sioidns tirj`sum a`d` `sur`dsn
tirm`nt ndvist`sn, jijnfnmn pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d `t`s e`bn`d a`rn ndvist`sn tirsieut.

Onm` idtnt`s jijeu`t pnfng`d tirsieut, j`m` idtnt`s jidir`pm`d jitcai imunt`s
udtum sitn`p e`bn`d y`db tirsns` a`rn ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn y`db tna`m
anjnfn
anjnfnmn
mn jif`fu
jif`funn crb`dn
crb`dns`sn
s`sn jca`f
jca`f vidtur
vidtur`` `t`u
`t`u rims`
rims` a`d`,
a`d`, udnt
udnt pirw`f
pirw`fn`d
n`d a`d
idtnt`s sioidns tirj`sum a`d` `sur`dsn tirm`nt ndvist`sn.
Mf`snlnm`sn sie`b`n anjnfnmn udtuj anou`f
Idtnt`s jidir`pm`d [X@M 97? @sit Qna`m F`dh`r y`db Anjnfnmn udtum Anou`f
a`d Cpir`sn
Cpir`sn y`db
y`db Angidt
Angidtnm`
nm`d
d udt
udtum
um ndvist`
ndvist`sn,
sn, `t`u
`t`u sie`bn
sie`bn`d
`d a`rn
a`rn ndvist
ndvist`sn
`sn p`a`
p`a`
idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` y`db jijidugn mrntirn` udtum anmf`snlnm`snm`d
sie`b`n anjnfnmn udtum anou`f. Xns` e`bn`d a`rn ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u

vidtur` eirs`j` y`db eifuj anmf`snlnm`snm`d sie`b`n anjnfnmn udtum anou`f tiro`an.
Xitif`g pifip`s`d
pifip`s`d tiro`an idtnt`s
idtnt`s jidh`t`t
jidh`t`t e`bn`d
e`bn`d y`db tirsns` a`f`j idtnt`s `scsn`sn
`scsn`sn
`t`u vidtur`
vidtur` eirs`j`
eirs`j` sisu`n
sisu`n aidb`d
aidb`d [X@M 99? Ndstrujid Miu`db`d? [idb`mu`d
a`
a`d
d [idb
[idbum
umur
ur`d
`d mih
mihu`f
u`fnn e`bn`d
e`bn`d y`db
y`db tirsns`
tirsns` tit
tit`p
`p jido`a
jido`ann idtnt`s
idtnt`s `scsn`s
`scsn`snn `t`u
`t`u
vidtur` eirs`j`, a`f`j m`sus ndn idtnt`s jidbbud`m`d jitcai imunt`s.

Mitnm`
Mitnm` ndvist
ndvist`sn,
`sn, `t`u e`bn`d
e`bn`d a`rn
a`rn ndvist
ndvist`sn,
`sn, p`a`
p`a` idtnt`s
idtnt`s `scsn`
`scsn`sn
sn `t`u
vidtur` eirs`j` y`db sieifujdy` anmf`snlnm`snm`d sie`b`n anjnfnmn udtum anou`f
tna`m f`bn jijidugn mrntirn` udtum anmf`snlnm`snm`d sie`b`n anjnfnmn udtum auon`f,
ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn tirsieut
tirsieut anh`t`t
anh`t`t aidb`d
aidb`d jidbbud`m`
jidbbud`m`d
d jitcai
jitcai imunt`s
imunt`s sih`r` ritrcspimtnl
ritrcspimtnl
sio`m t`dbb`f mf`snlnm`sn sie`b`n anjnfnmn udtum anou`f. F`pcr`d miu`db`d udtum
pirncai sio`m mf`snlnm`sn sie`b`n anjnfnmn udtum anou`f g`rus ansisu`nm`d.

7. [rcsiaur Jitcai Imunt`s

E`dy`m prcsiaur y`db sisu`n udtum pidir`p`d jitcai imunt`s y`db sirup`
aidb`d
aidb`d prcsiaur
prcsiaur mcdscfna`sn
mcdscfna`sn sie`b`nj`d`
sie`b`nj`d` anoif`sm`d
anoif`sm`d a`f`j [X@M <9? F`pcr`d
Miu`db`d Mcdscfna`sn`d. Xif
Xif`do
`doutd
utdy`,
y`, mcdsip
mcdsip y`db
y`db jida`s
jida`s`rn
`rn prcsia
prcsiaur
ur y`db
y`db
anbud`m`d a`f`j pidh`t`t`d pircfig`d idtnt`s `d`m anbud`m`d a`f`j pidh`t`t`d

udtum pircfig`d ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`.

E`bn
E` bn`d
`d mi
mifc
fcjp
jpcm
cm usus`g
`g`` p`
p`a`
a` id
idtn
tnt`s
t`s `scsn`
`scsn`sn
sn `t
`t`u
`u vi
vidt
dtur
ur`` ei
eirs`
rs`j`
j`
jirup`m`d
jirup`m`d pidbb`eudb
pidbb`eudb`d
`d mipijnfnm`d
mipijnfnm`d idtnt`s ndaum
ndaum a`d idtnt`s
idtnt`s `d`mdy`
`d`mdy` p`a`
idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` tirsieut. Mipijnfnm`d idtnt`s `scsn`sn f`nd
`t`u vidtur` eirs`j` a`f`j mifcjpcm us`g` an`e`nm`d udtum tuou`d ndn. Onm` idtnt`s
`scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` jijnfnmn idtnt`s `d`m, idtnt`s `scsn`sn, `t`u vidtur`
eirs`j`, j`m` f`e` rubn, pidbg`snf`d mcjprigidsnl f`nd a`d `sit ditc y`db anh`t`t
anh`t` t

aidb`d jidir`pm`d jitcai imunt`s jirup`m`d oujf`g y`db an`mun a`f`j f`pcr`d
miu`db`d idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` (tirj`sum e`bn`d idtnt`s `scsn`sn
`t`u vidtur` eirs`j` `t`s f`e` rubn, pidbg`snf`d mcjprigidsnl f`nd, a`d `sit ditc
a`rnn idtnt`s
a`r idtnt`s `scsn`s
`scsn`snn vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`),
`), sitif`g
sitif`g pidyis
pidyisu`n
u`n`d
`d y`db
y`db anpirfu
anpirfum`d
m`d
tirg`a`p a`jp`m pidyir`b`j`d mieno`m`d `mudt`dsn.
Miudtudb`d a`d mirubn`d y`db ang`snfm`d a`rn tr`ds`msn ‖gnfnr‚ a`d ‖gufu‚
`dt`r` idtnt`s (tirj`sum idtnt`s `d`m y`db anmcdscfna`sn) a`d idtnt`s `scsn`sndy`
`t`u vidtur` eirs`j`dy` an`mun a`f`j f`pcr`d miu`db`d idtnt`s tirsieut g`dy`
sieis`r e`bn`d ndvistcr f`nd a`f`j idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`. Qr`ds`msn

‖gnfnr‚‚ `a`
‖gnfnr `a`f`g
f`g,, sie`b`
sie`b`nn hcdtcg
hcdtcg pidou`
pidou`f`d
f`d `sit a`rn
a`rn idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`
`scsn`sn
sn `t`u
`t`u vidtur
vidtur``
eirs`j` mip`a` ndvistcr. Qr`ds`msn ‖gufu‚ `a`f`g, sie`b`n hcdtcg, pidou`f`d `t`u
mcdtrneusn `sit a`rn ndvistcr mip`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sndy` `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`dy`.
E`bn`d
E`bn`d ndvist
ndvistcr
cr `t`s
`t`s miudtu
miudtudb`
db`d
d `t`u mirubn
mirubn`d
`d idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`s
`scsn`snn `t`u
`t`u vidtur
vidtur``
eirs`j` y`db ang`snfm`d a`rn tr`ds`msn tirsieut anifijnd`sn.
Mitnm` tr`ds`msn ‖gufu‚ jijeirnm`d eumtn pidurud`d dnf`n ri`fns`sn ditc
a`rn `sit y`db `m`d anou`f `t`u anmcdtrneusnm`d, `t`u mirubn`d pidurud`d dnf`n `sit
tirsieut, j`m` mirubn`d tirsieut an`mun sih`r` pidug cfig ndvistcr. Mitnm` tr`ds`msn
‖gnfnr‚ jijeirnm`d eumtn mirubn`d pidurud`d dnf`n ri`fns`sn ditc a`rn `sit y`db

`m`d aneifn `t`u pidurud`d dnf`n `sit tirsieut, ndvistcr jidb`mun sieis`r e`bn`ddy`
a`f`j mirubn`d tirsieut.
Mcdtrneusn
Mcdtrneusn `sit dcdjcditir
dcdjcditir udtum idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`
a`f`j pirtum`r`d aidb`d mipijnfnm`d imunt`s a`f`j idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur`
eirs`j` anh`t`t, mihu`fn onm` mcdtrneusn tirsieut tna`m jijnfnmn suest`dsn mcjirsn`f,
sie`b`nj`d` anoif`sm`d a`f`j [X@M 0<? @sit Qit`p. Onm` mcdtrneusn tna`m jijnfnmn
suest`dsn mcjirsn`f, j`m` miudtudb`d `t`u mirubn`d an`dbb`p eifuj anri`fns`sn
a`
a`d
d tna`
tna`m
m an`m
an`mun
un.. Miud
Miudtu
tudb
db`d
`d a`
a`d
d mi
miru
rubn
bn`d
`d y`
y`db
db ei
eifu
fuj
j an
anri
ri`f
`fns`
ns`sn
sn ti
tirsi
rsieu
eutt
anifnjnd`sn a`rn ndvist`sn tirh`t`t aidb`d jidbbud`m`d jitcai imunt`s a`d tna`m

ans`onm`d
ans`onm`d sie`b`
sie`b`nn miudtu
miudtudb
db`d
`d `t`u
`t`u mirubn
mirubn`d
`d t`dbbu
t`dbbug`d
g`d a`f`j
a`f`j f`pcr`
f`pcr`dd pc
pcsnsn
snsn
miu`db`d mcdscfna`sn`d idtnt`s `t`u a`f`j f`pcr`d pcsnsn miu`db`d idtnt`s y`db an
a`f`jdy` ndvist`sn anh`t`t aidb`d jidbbud`m`d jitcai imunt`s.
Onm` idtnt`s jidirnj` `sit jcditir j`upud dcdjcditir, sif`nd jidirnj`
mi
mipi
pijn
jnfnm
fnm`d
`d im
imun
unt`
t`ss an id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss `scsn`
`scsn`sn
sn `t
`t`u
`u vi
vidt
dtur
ur`` ei
eirs`
rs`j`
j`,, j`m`
j`m` id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss
jidb`mun sih`r` pidug a`f`j f`e` rubn e`bn`d a`rn miudtudb`d `t`u mirubn`d `t`s
mcdtrneusn dcdjcditir y`db tirm`nt aidb`d `sit jcditir j`upud dcdjcditir y`db

antirnj`.
Ndvi
Ndvist`
st`sn
sn anh`t
anh`t`t
`t ai
aidb
db`d
`d jidb
jidbbu
bud`
d`m`
m`d
d jitc
jitcai
ai im
imun
unt`s
t`s sio`m
sio`m t`
t`db
dbb`
b`ff
ndvist`sn tirsieut jijidugn ailndnsn idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`. [`a`
s``t pircfi
pircfig`d
g`d ndvist`
ndvist`sn,
sn, sitn`p
sitn`p sifnsng
sifnsng `dt`r`
`dt`r` en`y`
en`y` pircfi
pircfig`d
g`d ndvist
ndvist`sn
`sn aidb`d
aidb`d
e`bn`d idtnt`s `t`s dnf`n w`o`r ditc `sit a`d fn`enfnt`s tirnaidtnlnm`sn a`rn ndvistii
anh`t`t aidb`d h`r` sie`b`n eirnmut?

`) Bcc
Bccawn
awnff
ff y`db tirm`nt aidb`d idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` tirj`sum
a`f`j
`f`j ouj
oujf`g
f`g tirh
tirh`t
`t`t
`t ndv
ndvis
ist`
t`sn
sn.. @jcr
@jcrtn
tns`
s`sn
sn bccawnff ti
tirsi
rsieu
eutt tna`
tna`m
m
anpirmid`dm`d.

e)
e) Xitn`p sifnsng fieng e`bn`d idtnt`s `t`s dnf`n w`o`r ditc `sit a`d fn`enfnt`s
tirnai
tirnaidtn
dtnlnm
lnm`sn
`sn a`rn ndvi
ndvist
stii
ii tirg`a
tirg`a`p
`p en`y` pircfig`d ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn anj`summ`d
anj`summ`d
sie`b`n pidbg`snf`d a`f`j jididtum`d e`bn`d idtnt`s `t`s f`e` rubn idtnt`s
`scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` p`a` pirncai ndvist`sn anpircfig.
[idyisu
[idyisu`n`
`n`d
d tirg`a`
tirg`a`p
p e`bn`d
e`bn`d idtnt`s
idtnt`s `t`s f`e`
f`e` rubn
rubn idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scns`s
`scns`snn `t`u
vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`` sitif`g
sitif`g pircfi
pircfig`d
g`d anf`mu
anf`mum`d
m`d udtum
udtum jidh`t`
jidh`t`t,
t, sie`b`n
sie`b`n hcdtcg
hcdtcg,,
pidyusut`d a`rn `sit y`db tirsusutm`d eira`s`rm`d dnf`n w`o`rdy` p`a` t`dbb`f
pircfig`d. Xirup` aidb`d g`f tirsieut, pidyisu`n`d tirg`a`p e`bn`d idtnt`s `t`s
f`e` rubn idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` sitif`g pircfig`d anf`mum`d udtum

rubn pidurud`d
pidurud`d dnf`n y`db an`mun cfig idtnt`s `scsn`sn, jns`fdy`
jns`fdy` bccawnff `t`u `sit
tit`p.
F`pcr`
F`pcr`d
d miu`db
miu`db`d
`d tirmndn
tirmndn idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`s
`scsn`snn `t`u vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`` y`db
y`db
tirsian
tirsian`` anbud`
anbud`m`d
m`d cfig
cfig idtnt`
idtnt`ss a`f`j
a`f`j jidir`
jidir`pm`
pm`d
d jitcai
jitcai imunt`
imunt`s.
s. Onm`
Onm` `mgnr
`mgnr
pirncai pif`pcr`d idtnt`s eireia` aidb`d idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`,
j`m`` idtnt`
j`m idtnt`ss `scsn`s
`scsn`snn `t`u vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j`
eirs`j` jidy`o
jidy`onm`
nm`d
d (udtum
(udtum anbud`
anbud`m`d
m`d cfig
cfig
idtnt`s) f`pcr`d miu`db`d aidb`d t`dbb`f y`db s`j` aidb`d f`pcr`d miu`db`d
idtnt`s, mihu`fn g`f tirsieut tna`m pr`mtns.
Mitn
Mitnm`
m` f`pc
f`pcr`d
r`d mi
miu`
u`db
db`d
`d id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss `scsn
`scsn`sn
`sn `t
`t`u
`u vi
vidt
dtur
ur`` ei
eirs
rs`j
`j`` y`
y`db
db

anbud`m`d a`f`j jidir`pm`d jitcai imunt`s ansusud eireia` a`rn t`dbb`f idtnt`s,
j`m`
j`m` pi
pidy
dyisu
isu`n
`n`d
`d anf`
anf`mu
mum`
m`d
d tirg
tirg`a
`a`p
`p a`
a`jp
jp`m
`m a`
a`rn
rn tr`d
tr`ds`m
s`msn
sn `t
`t`u
`u pi
pirn
rnstn
stnw`
w`
snbdnlnm`d y`db tiro`an an `dt`r` t`dbb`f f`pcr`d miu`db`d idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u
vidtur` eirs`j` aidb`d t`dbb`f f`pcr`d miu`db`d idtnt`s. A`f`j sitn`p m`sus,
pireia``d `dt`r` `mgnr pirncai pif`pcr`d idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`
aidb`d `mgnr pirncai pif`pcr`d idtnt`s tna`m fieng a`rn tnb` euf`d. O`dbm` w`mtu

pirncai pif`pcr`d a`d sitn`p pireia``d `dt`r` `mgnr pirncai pif`pcr`d `a`f`g s`j`
s `j`
a`rn pirncai mi pirncai.

F`pc
F`pcr`d
r`d mi
miu`
u`db
db`d
`d id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss ansu
ansusu
sud
d ai
aidb
db`d
`d jidb
jidbbu
bud`
d`m`
m`d
d mi
mien
eno`
o`m`
m`d
d
`mudt`dsn y`db s`j` udtum tr`ds`msn a`d pirnstnw` a`f`j mi`a``d sirup`. Onm`
idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`sn
`scsn`sn `t`u
`t`u vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`` jidbbu
jidbbud`m
d`m`d
`d mieno`
mieno`m`d
m`d `mudt`
`mudt`dsn
dsn y`db
y`db
eireia` aidb`d idtnt`s udtum tr`ds`msn
tr `ds`msn a`d pirnstnw` a`f`j mi`a``d sirup`, j`m`
pidyisu`n`d anf`mum`d udtum jidy`j`m`d
jidy`j`m`d mieno`m`d `mudt`dsn idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u
vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`` aidb`d
aidb`d mieno`
mieno`m`d
m`d `mudt`
`mudt`dsn
dsn idtnt`
idtnt`ss mitnm`
mitnm` f`pcr`
f`pcr`d
d miu`db
miu`db`d
`d
id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss `scsn
`scsn`sn
`sn `t`u
`t`u vi
vidt
dtur
ur`` ei
eirs`
rs`j`
j` tirsie
tirsieut
ut an
anbu
bud`
d`m`
m`d
d cf
cfig
ig id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss a`
a`f`
f`j
j

jidir`pm`d jitcai imunt`s.

Onm`` idtnt`s
Onm idtnt`s `scsn`s
`scsn`snn `t`u
`t`u vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j`
eirs`j` jidire
jidirentm
ntm`d
`d s`g`j
s`g`j prilir
prilirid
id
mujuf`
mujuf`tnl
tnl y`db
y`db anjnfn
anjnfnmnc
mncfig
fig png`m
png`m sif`nd
sif`nd idtnt`
idtnt`ss a`d anmf`s
anmf`snlnm
nlnm`snm
`snm`d
`d sie`b`
sie`b`nn
imunt`s, j`m` idtnt`s jidbgntudb e`bn`ddy` `t`s f`e` rubn sitif`g pidyisu`n`d
anvnaid `t`u s`g`j tirsieut, tirfip`s `p`m`g anvnaid tirsieut tif`g `t`u eifuj
anujujm`d.
Uubn pidurud`d dnf`n

Xitif`g jidir`pm`d jitcai imunt`s, tirj`sum pidb`mu`d mirubn`d idtnt`s

`scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`, idtnt`s jidir`pm`d pirsy`r`t`d a`f`j [X@M 99?
Ndstrujid Miu`db`d? [idb`mu`d a`d [idbumur`d udtum jididtum`d
jididtum`d `p`m`g
`p`m`g
aneutugm`d udtum jidb`mun t`je`g`d rubn pidurud`d dnf`n aidb`d jijpirfng`tm`d
ndvist`sn ditc idtnt`s p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`.

Idtnt`s oub` jidir`pm`d pirsy`r`t`d a`f`j [X@M 99? Ndstrujid Miu`db`d

[idb`mu`d a`d [idbumur`d udt
udtum
um jididt
jididtum`
um`d
d `p`m`g
`p`m`g sitn`p
sitn`p t`je`g
t`je`g`d
`d rubn
rubn
pidurud`d dnf`n an`mun aidb`d jijpirg`tnm`d e`bn`d idtnt`s p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn
`t`u vidtur` eirs`j` y`db eum`d jirup`m`d e`bn`d a`rn ndvist`sn ditc a`d oujf`g
rubn pidurud`d dnf`n.

M`rid` bccawnff y`db jijeidtum e`bn`d a`rn dnf`n tirh`t`t ndvist`sn p`a`
idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`s
`scsn`snn `t`u vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`` tna`m
tna`m an`mun
an`mun sih`r`
sih`r` tirpns
tirpns`g,
`g, j`m`
j`m` tna`m
tna`m
anf`
anf`mu
mum`
m`d
d pi
pidb
dbuo
uon`
n`d
d pi
pidu
duru
rud`
d`d
d dnf`
dnf`nn si
sih`r
h`r`` ti
tirp
rpns`
ns`g
g ai
aidb
db`d
`d jidi
jidir`
r`pm
pm`d
`d
pirsy`r`t`d pidbuon`d pidurud`d dnf`n bccawnff a`f`j [X@M 17? [idurud`d Dnf`n
@sit. Xie`b`n b`dtndy`, sifurug dnf`n tirh`t`t ndvist`sn pidurud`d dnf`n eira`s`rm`d
[X@M
[X@M 17 sie`b`n
sie`b`n su`tu
su`tu `sit tudbb`
tudbb`f,
f, aidb`d
aidb`d jije`d
jije`dand
andbm`
bm`d
d `dt`r`
`dt`r` oujf`g
oujf`g

tirpufngm`d (j`d` y`db fieng tndbbn `dt`r` dnf`n p`m`n a`d dnf`n w`o`r anmur`dbn
en`y` udtum jidou`f) aidb`d oujf`g y`db tirh`t`tdy`, m`p`dpud pidir`p`d
pirsy`r`t`d a`f`j [X@M 99? Ndstrujid Miu`db`d? [idb`mu`d a`d [idbumur`d
jidbndanm`snm`d e`gw` ndvist`sn judbmnd tif`g jidb`f`jn pidurud`d dnf`n. Uubn
pidurud`d dnf`n y`db an`mun a`f`j mi`a``d tirsieut tna`m an`fcm`snm`d p`a` sitn`p
`sit,, tirj`su
`sit tirj`sum
m bccawnff, y`db jijeidtum e`bn`d a`rn dnf`n tirh`t`t p`a` idtnt`s
`scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`.

Aidb`d aijnmn`d, pije`fnm`d a`rn pidurud`d dnf`n an`mun sisu`n aidb`d

[X@M
[X@M 17 sip`d
sip`do`
o`db
db ou
oujf
jf`g
`g tirp
tirpuf
ufng
ngm`
m`d
d a`
a`rn
rn nd
ndvi
vist`
st`sn
sn ti
tirsi
rsieu
eutt mi
miju
juan
an`d
`d
jidndbm`t. A`f`j jididtum`d dnf`n p`m`n ndvist`sn, idtnt`s jidbistnj`sn?

`. E`bn`ddy`
E`bn`ddy` `t`s dnf`n mndn `rus m`s j`s` aip`d istnj`sn`d
istnj`sn`d y`db ang`r`pm`d
ang`r`pm`d `m`d
ang`snf
ang`snfm`d
m`d cfig
cfig idtnt`
idtnt`ss `scsn`s
`scsn`snn `t`u
`t`u vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`,
`, tirj`su
tirj`sum
m `rus
`rus m`s a`rn
a`rn
cpir`sncd`f idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` a`d g`snf a`rn pifip`s`d ndvist`sn,
a`d

e. Dnf`n mndn `rus m`s j`s` aip`d istnj`sn`d y`db ang`r`pm`d tnjeuf a`rn anvnaid
y`db `m`d anpircfig a`rn ndvist`sn a`d pifip`s`d ndvist`sn.

Aidb`d `sujsn y`db tip`t, miau` jitcai tirsieut `m`d jijeirnm`d g`snf
y`db s`j`. Oujf`g tirpufngm`d a`rn ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur`
eirs`j` andnf`n udtum sitn`p idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`, mihu`fn idtnt`s
`scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` tirsieut tna`m jidbg`snfm`d `rus m`s j`sum a`rn
pij`m`n`d eirmif`dout`d y`db sie`bn`d eis`r ndaipidaid a`rn `sit f`nd.

>. [idbgidtn`d pidbbud``d jitcai imunt`s

imunt`s

Idtnt`
Idtnt`ss jidbgi
jidbgidtn
dtnm`d
m`d pidbbu
pidbbud``
d``d
d jitcai
jitcai imunt`
imunt`ss sio`m
sio`m t`dbb`
t`dbb`ff mitnm`
mitnm`
ndvist`sndy`
ndvist`sndy` eirgidtn jido`an ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s
idtnt`s `scsn`sn
`scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`
eirs`j`
sie`b`n eirnmut?

`. Onm` ndvist
ndvist`sn
`sn jido`an idtnt`s
idtnt`s `d`m, j`m` idtnt`s jidh`t`t
jidh`t`t ndvist`sndy`
ndvist`sndy` sisu`n
aidb
aidb`d
`d [X@M
[X@M 55?
55? Mcje
Mcjend
nd`s
`snn Ensd
Ensdns
ns a`
a`d
d [X@M
[X@M <9
<9?? F`pc
F`pcr`
r`d
d Miu`
Miu`db
db`d
`d
Mcdscfna`sn`d.

e. Onm` sns` mipidtndb`d a`f`j idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` jirup`m`d `sit
miu`db`d, j`m` idtnt`s jidbumur sns` mipidtndb`d tirsieut p`a` dnf`n w`o`r. Dnf`n
w`o`r a`rn sns` mipidtndb`d an`dbb`p sie`b`n dnf`n w`o`r p`a` s``t pidb`mu`d `w`f
sie`b`n `sit miu`db`d sisu`n aidb`d [X@M 99? Ndstrujid Miu`db`d? [idb`mu`d
a`d [idbumur`d. Idtnt`s jidb`mun a`f`j f`e` rubn sifnsng `dt`r`?

`. Dnf`n w`o`r sns` mipidtndb`d a`d g`snf a`rn pifip`s`d sie`bn`d

mipidtndb`d p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`= a`d

e. Oujf`g tirh`t`t ndvist`sn p`a` t`dbb`f pidbbud``d jitcai imunt`s angidtnm`d.

h. Mitnm`
Mitnm` idtnt`
idtnt`ss jidbgi
jidbgidtn
dtnm`d
m`d pidbbu
pidbbud``
d``d
d jitcai
jitcai imunt`s
imunt`s,, idtnt`
idtnt`ss jidh`t
jidh`t`t
`t
sifurug oujf`g y`db sieifujdy` tif`g an`mun a`f`j pidbg`snf`d mcjprigidsnl f`nd
y`db tirm`nt aidb`d ndvist`sn tirsieut jidbbud`m`d a`s`r pirf`mu`d y`db s`j`
aidb`d y`db ansy`r`tm`d onm` ndvistii tif`g jifip`sm`d sih`r` f`dbsudb `sit a`d
fn`enfnt`s tirm`nt.

Cfig
Cfig m`rid`
m`rid` ntu,
ntu, onm`
onm` miudtu
miudtudb`
db`d
d `t`u mirubn
mirubn`d
`d y`db
y`db sieifu
sieifujdy
jdy`` tif`g
tif`g
an`munn a`f`j pidbg`snf`d
an`mu pidbg`snf`d mcjprigidsnl
mcjprigidsnl f`nd cfig ndv
ndvist
istii
ii `m`d anrimf`snlnm`sn mi
f`e`` rubn
f`e rubn p`
p`a`
a` s`
s``t
`t pi
pifi
fip`
p`s`
s`d
d `s
`sit
it `t`u
`t`u fn`e
fn`enf
nfnt`
nt`ss y`
y`db
db ti
tirm
rm`n
`nt,
t, j`m`
j`m` id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss
jirimf
jirimf`snl
`snlnm`
nm`sn
sn miudtu
miudtudb`
db`d
d `t`u mirubn
mirubn`d
`d a`rn
a`rn imunt`
imunt`ss mi f`e`
f`e` rubn
rubn (sie`b
(sie`b`n
`n
pidyisu`n`d rimf`snlnm`sn) mitnm` pidbbud``d jitcai imunt`s angidtnm`d. Xie`b`n
hcdtcg, onm` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j` jijnfnmn oujf`g mujuf`tnl a`rn
sifn
sifnsn
sng
g murs
murs y`db
y`db ti
tirm
rm`n
`ntt aidb
aidb`d
`d mibn
mibn`t
`t`d
`d us
us`g
`g`` fu
fu`r
`r di
dibi
birn
rn a`
a`d
d id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss
jidb
jidbgi
gidt
dtnm
nm`d
`d pi
pidb
dbbu
bud`
d``d
`d jitc
jitcai
ai im
imun
unt`
t`s,
s, j`m`
j`m` id
idtn
tnt`
t`ss jiri
jirimf
mf`s
`snln
nlnm`
m`sn
sn
miudtu
miudtudb`
db`d
d `t`u
`t`u mirubn
mirubn`d
`d y`db
y`db tif`g
tif`g an`mun
an`mun sieifu
sieifujdy
jdy`` a`f`j
a`f`j pidbg`
pidbg`snf`
snf`d
d
mcjprigids
mcjprigidsnl
nl f`nd y`db tirm`nt aidb`d
aidb`d mibn`t`d
mibn`t`d us`g` fu`r dibirn tirsieut mi f`e`
rubn.

Onm` ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn jido`an ndvist`sn p`a` vidtur` eirs`j`
`t`u sie`fnm
sie`fnmdy`
dy` ndvist`
ndvist`sn
sn p`a`
p`a` vidtur
vidtur`` eirs`j
eirs`j`` jido`a
jido`ann ndvist`
ndvist`sn
sn p`a`
p`a` idtnt`
idtnt`ss
`scsn`sn, j`m` idtnt`s jif`doutm`d pidir`p`d jitcai imunt`s a`d tna`m jidbumur
mije`fn mipidtndb`d y`db tirsns`.

[irue`g`d a`f`j e`bn`d mipijnfnm`d

 Onm` e`bn`d mipijnfnm`d idtnt`s p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn `t`u vidtur` eirs`j`
eirmur`db, tit`pn idtnt`s tit`p jidir`pm`d jitcai imunt`s, j`m` idtnt`s
jirimf`snlnm`sn mi f`e` rubn prcpcrsn miudtudb`d `t`u mirubn`d y`db tif`g an`mun
sieifujdy` a`f`j pidbg`snf`d mcjprigidsnl f`nd y`db tirm`nt aidb`d pidbur`db`d
e`bn`d mipijnfnm`d tirsieut onm` miutudb`d `t`u mirubn`d tirsieut ansy`r`tm`d

udtum anrimf`snlnm`sn mi f`e` rubn `t`s pifip`s`d `sit fn`enfnt`s y`db tirm`nt.

0;. Q`dbb`f Ilimtnl

Q`dbb`f ilimtnl udtum [X@M << ndn juf`n pirncai t`gud eumu y`db anjuf`n
`t`u sitif`g t`dbb`f 0 o`du`rn 5;09
 E@E NNN
[IDYQY[

@. Misnjpuf`d
A`rn pije`g`s`d sieifujdy` j`m` a`p`t ansnjpufm`d sie`b`n eirnmut?
0. [X@M << jidb`tur
jidb`tur tidt`db pidb`tur`d eirs`j`. [idb`tur`d eirs`j` jirup`m`d
pidb`tur`d idtnt`s au` `t`u fieng png`m jijnfnmn pidbida`fn`d eirs`j`. A`f`j
pidb`tur`d eirs`j` ane`bn jido`an au` y`ntu cpir`sn eirs`j` a`d vidtur` eirs`j`.
Ydtum cpir`sn eirs`j` an `tur p`a` [X@M <<, sia`dbm`d vidtur` eirs`j` an`tur
p`a` [X@M 09. Cpir`sn eirs`j` jirup`m`d pidb`tur`d eirs`j` y`db jidb`tur
e`gw` p`r` png`m y`db jijnfnmn pidbida`fn`d eirs`j` `t`s pidb`tur`d jijnfnmn
g`m `t`s `ssit, a`d miw`one`d tirg`a`p fn`enfnt`s, tirm`nt aidb`d pidb`tur`d tirsieut.
5. [X@M 09 jidb`tur
jidb`tur tidt`db
tidt`db ndvist`sn
ndvist`sn p`a` idtnt`s `scsn`sn
`scsn`sn a`d vidtur`
vidtur` eirs`j`.
Ydtum idtnt`s y`db jijpudy`n mipijnfnm`d s`g`j fieng a`rn 5;% `t`u mur`db a`rn
9;% jijpudy`n pidb`rug snbdnlnm`d udtum idtnt`s `scsn`sn. Xia`dbm`d mipijnfnm`d
s`g`j
s`g`j mur`db
mur`db `t`u s`j`
s`j` aidb`d
aidb`d 9;% jijpud
jijpudy`n
y`n su`tu
su`tu pidbid
pidbida`f
a`fn`d
n`d eirs`j
eirs`j``
sif`j
sif`j`` `a
`a`` su`t
su`tu
u pi
pidb
db`t
`tur
ur`d
`d mc
mcdt
dtr`
r`mt
mtu`
u`f.
f. Miau
Miau`d
`dy`
y` jidb
jidbbu
bud`
d`m`
m`d
d jitc
jitcai
ai
pidh`t`t`d imunt`s.
 A@LQ@U [YXQ@M@

- [X@M
[X@M <<,
<<, [idb`t
[idb`tur`
ur`d
d Eirs`j
Eirs`j`.
`. 5;09.
5;09. Nm`t`d
Nm`t`d @mud
@mudt`d
t`dsn
sn Ndacdi
Ndacdisn`
sn`

- [X@M
[X@M 09,
09, Nd
Ndvi
vist
st`s
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[`a`
a` Idtn
Idtnt`
t`ss @scs
@scsn`
n`sn
sn A`d
A`d \idt
\idtur
ur`` Eirs
Eirs`j
`j`.
`. 5;
5;09
09.. Nm
Nm`t
`t`d
`d

@mudt`dsn Ndacdisn`

- gttps?//st`ll.efcb.un.`h.na/j`rt`dn/5;07/;8/09/pidb`tur`d-eirs`j`-ps`m-<</ an`msis

t`dbb`f 8; Cmtceir 5;0>

- gttp?//`hhcudtndbudscia.crb/`hhcudtndb-st`da`ra-risuji-ps`m-09/ an `m
`msi
siss t`
t`db
dbb`
b`ff

;0 Dcvijeir 5;0>

- gttps?//www.sfnaisg`ri.dit/Luturuj5/luturuj-jidbid`f-pidb`tur`d-eirs`j`-ocndt-

`rr`dbijidt an `msis t`dbb`f ;5 Dcvijeir 5;0>