HUMAN REPRODUCTION
LECTURE 01
A REPRODUCTION 8
process of producing offspring forcontinuity
of generation
AHEVENTS OFREPRODUCTION 8
H ie sperms in males
Gametogenesis ofgametes
formation
gatete generation
ovum in females
It is of two types 8
GAMETOGENESIS
I
t t
ESPERMATOGENESIS OOGENESIS
formation ofsperms formation of ovum
In Males In females
2 INSEMINATION transfer of malegamete sperm into the female
tract
genital
37 FERTILISATION fusion ofmaleand femalegametes
Malegamete Cam stagyqua
sperm
t
femalegamete ova 00zygote
On the basis
of fertilisation animals are
of two types
1 Oviparous
Egg laying animals
fertilization is internal but developmentofembryo is
through external means
2 Viviparous Animals birth to
giving offspring
body
Humans are sexually reproducingand viviparous
i
iii
iii
4 IMPLANTATION attachment
of blastocyst to the uterinewall of mother
00 08 88.8.8
É
Zygote Cleavage Morula Blastocyst
lat Ibl cel ldl endometrium luterinewall
5 GESTATION i e duration
development
of embryo insideuterus of pregnancyI
6 PARTURITION mother's body
of fullydevelopedfoetusfrom
expulsion
Lie deliveryoffoetus childbirth
Difference in Reproductive Events of Male and Female
PERMATOGENESIS OOGENESII
Starts at puberty l starts at embryonic stage
Produces motile Produces non motile
gametes
gametes sperms
Continues in olden men formation of ovum ceases in
women around the age of
50 years MENOPAUSE
Human Reproductive system is madeof twotypesof reproductiveor sexorgans
PRIMARYSEXORGANSIT EECONDARY SEXORGANS
forproduction
Organs responsible 8 Organsdo noteither producegamete
ofgametes and secretionof sex or secrete sex hormones butplay
hormones
important role in reproduction eg
Egg Testis In Mak transfer storage maturationetc
In female Epididymis vasdeferens
Ovary
Ey
seminalvesicleetc InMales
vaginaetc Infemale
Oviduct uterus
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Located in pelvic
region
Male Reproductive system includes
a
pairof testes ReteTestis
Vasa efferentia
Male duets
accessory
sits'deferens
seminal vesicles
Male accessory Prostate
glands gland
Bulbourethral
gland
Penis
Internal
genitalia Scrotum
in III seminalvesicle
L BalbourethralGland
testis
L foreskin
prepuce
VEI OE MALE PELVI
like structure called as scrotum
Helps in maintainingthe low temperatureoftestes 2 2.5 C
lower than the bodytemperature which is necessary
for
spermatogenesis
o It has two compartments separated by scrotalseptum
Scrotum
Calf
am
SCROTUM compartments
Testes
Vas deferens
Prostategland
Y
zdEG
Balbo urethral
gland
oF
i
Glanspenis
Testis
foreskin
II REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEI
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
LECTURE 02 03
2 TESTES paired structure
t In adults each testis is ovalshaped
as 470 5 am TESTis
NG
Length Eu San
Width 2 to 3 am
an
Testis is covered by three coats
isTunica 8 covers testis
vaginalis partially
has a parietal and visceral layer
is Tunica albuging it is dense whitefibrous coat
iii Tunica vasculosa vascularcoat lining the testicular
lobules
Each testis has about 250 compartments called
testicular lobules
Each testicular lobule highly coiled seminiferous
contains 1 3
tubules in which sperms are produced
Seminiferous tubule opens into vasa efferentia through
Lte testis
Vasa efferentia leaves the testis opens intoepididymis
1250ineachtestis
mid
Ito ineach
testicular o
h i
i i
Parietallayer
Tunica
vaginaliscavity
leastcoiled
in
INTERNAL STRUCTURE IF TESTIS
FLOW CHART TESTIS
1
TESTICULAR LOBULES
1
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
1
RETE TESTIS
1
VASA EFFERENTIA
t
EPIDIDYMIS
I
VASDEFERENS
3 EPIDIDYMIS 8
Located
along
the posterior surface
of testis
It is a convoluted tube about 6m long
single
Has 3 parts caput epididymis
Corpus epididymis
cauda epididymis opens in vas deferens
4 VAS DEFERNS 8 paired structure
Epididymis leads to was deferens
It ascends to abdomen and loops over urinary bladder
It receives a duct from seminal vesicle and opens into
urethra as ejaculatory duct
Conveys sperms during sexual arousal
MALEACCESSORY GLANDS 8
Includes seminal vesicles paired
a prostate unpaired
bulbo urethral
glands paired
Secretions
of theseglands constitutetheseminal plasma
A SEMINALVESICLI paired
Lie at the dorsolateral sides
of base ofurinary bladder
Each seminal vesicle joins ampulla vas deferens toform
of
ejaculatory duct
Secretions 8 alkaline viscous fluid rich in
fructose nutritionofsperm
fibrinogen prostaglandins etc
Majority ofvolume of seminal plasma is secreted by seminal
vesicles
B PROSTATE GLAND 8 Unpaired
Lies below urinary bladder
alkaline milky contains calcium
Profeta secretions
clotting enzyme etc
e BULBOURETHRAL GLAND also called Cowper's Glands
Paired
Lies at the sides urethra
of
Secretions alkaline
fluid helps in protectionof sperms and
lubrication
of penis
SEMEM_ 8 Seminal plasma t sperms
pH semen 17.3 7 5 slightlyalkaline
of
Human male ejaculates about 200 300million sperm
a coitus
during
Ed hemal fatty 60 spermsmusthavenormal
shape size
40 must show vigorous motility
5 PEAK maleexternal
genitalia
upofspecialtissuethat helps
Made in erection and
facilitate insemination
Enlarged past is called glans penis
1
covered
by loosefoldof skin
called as foreskin
FA Both semen urine are
carried out by penis
EXTERNAL
J Erectiletissue
iii i
GENTIA I
corpus caverns
L foreskin prepuce
6 URETHRAL 8
originates from urinary bladder
as extends through penis andopens in external
opening called urethral
meatus
D PATHWAY OF TRANSPORT OF SPERMS 8
Seminiferous tubule Retetestis Vasa efferentia Epididymis
ejaculatory duct
e Ampulla Vasdeferens I
Urethra out
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE 8
Lined on its inside bygerminalepithelium
Has two types of cells
Male
germ cell
cuboidal shape
mature male
germcell is
called as
spermatogonia
Undergoes meioticdivisions leading to sperm
formation
Sertolicells columnar shaped
provide nutrition to cells
germ
phagocytosis of dead improper sperms
Secrete factors called spermmaturationfactor
Also secreteABP Androgen Protein binds
Binding
to androgens and helps in its concentration in
testis
Region outside seminiferous tubule
is called interstitialspaces
contains small blood vessels and Leydigcells Interstitialcells
synthesise and secretetesticularhormone
Leydigcells
called androgens mainlytestosterone
give
Iiseto
p t j yÉÉÉ
8.88881 88
cells
Sertolicells
lumen
MEET Leydig Interstitialcell
SECTION OF TESTICULAR LOBULE
sestolicells sustentacular
cells
SEMINIFEROUS
TBULEI
Male cell
germ
