FLUID MECHANICS 2019

3. Fluid Dynamics
3.1 Relative Equilibrium of Fluid
FLUID The subject deals with fluid masses excited by constant acceleration. The assumption is

MECHANICS
that each fluid particle is in equilibrium and at rest relative to every other particle in the
fluid and to the containing vessel is neither in equilibrium nor at rest relative to the
earth.
CHAPTER 3
3.1.1 Translation of Fluid Mass
REVIEW GUIDE A. Horizontal Translation
CL
a
Contents:
A’
Fluid Dynamics ..………................................................…..1
Relative Equilibrium of Fluids .............…………....1 A B 𝜃
A B
Translation of Liquid Mass………………..1 𝜃
h1 B’
Rotation of Liquid Mass…………………..1 h
h2

(a) At Rest / Constant Velocity (b) Constant Acceleration

W
a Particle on the
fluid surface
x
REF
𝜃
y

𝜃
N
(c) Fluid particle FBD
Fig. 3.1 Horizontal Translation
Applying Equations of Equilibrium:
Reviewer: Engr. Jejomar U. Duque Fy  0   
W
N cos   W or N
cos 
Fx  0   
N sin   REF
Where: REF = reverse effective force (D’Alembert’s principle)
REF  ma
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 FLUID MECHANICS 2019
Where: m = mass of the particle Applying Equations of Equilibrium:
W Assuming Upward Translation
m
Fy  0   
(g is the constant gravitational acceleration)
g
W W N  W  REF
Thus: sin   a
cos  g W
N W  a
g
a
tan   
g [1] a
N  W 1  
 g
Where: θ = angle of inclination of the fluid surface cause by acceleration
excitation N sin   REF
Note: Where: N  P ' A = normal reaction at depth “h”
If the horizontal translation does not cause any spillage of the liquid from the A = cross-sectional area of the fluid particle
container, the surface A’B’ (new surface) will exactly bisect the original surface AB.  a
Thus: P ' A  W  1  
B. Vertical Translation  g
Where: W   V    A  h  = weight of the particle
 a
Thus: P ' A    A  h  1  
 g
h Pressure at any depth “h”:
 a
P '   h 1   [2]
 g

a Where: a = vertical constant acceleration

Note: Use (+) for upward translation and (-) for downward translation.
P P
C. Inclined Translation
P’
(a) At Rest / Constant Velocity (b) Constant Acceleration
W

Particle on the in
vertical orientation REF a h

N
(c) Fluid particle FBD
Fig. 3.2 Vertical Translation

Where: P = pressure at depth “h” before translation (a) At Rest / Constant Velocity
P’ = pressure at depth “h” on translation 𝛼 Fig. 3.2 Inclined Translation

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 FLUID MECHANICS 2019

𝒂𝒚
𝒂
𝛼 𝒂𝒙
𝜃

(b) Constant Acceleration

Fig. 3.2 Inclined Translation
Inclination of the fluid surface:
ax
tan   [3]
g  ay
Where: ax = a cosα = horizontal component of the acceleration
Ay = a sinα = vertical component of the acceleration

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