A POWERPOINT

PRESENTATION
BY GROUP 6
Made by NOLIMAR CALILIT and NEIL KELVIN BATUYONG
WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION?
 a constitution is a statement of the basic principles and laws of a nation,
state, or group
 a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to
which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
 a constitution is a set of rules that guides how a country, state, or other
political organization works. The constitution may tell what the branches
of the government are, what powers they have, and how they work. It may
also state the rights of citizens.
 Written by Felipe Calderon

 Ratification and proclamation held at Barasoain Church in

Malolos, Bulacan THE
 Important Filipino document ever produced by the people’s
representatives in 1899 MALOLOS
 Anchored in democratic traditions that ultimately had their CONSTITUT
roots on American soil.
 Created a Filipino State whose government was “popular,
ION
representative and responsible”.
 It has three distinct branches: the executive, the legislative
and the judicial.
 Specifically provided for safeguards againsts abuses and
individual rights not only of the Filipinos, but also the aliens.
 Lasted until the Philippine-American War
GONZÁLE
S
CALDERÓ
N Y ROCA
also known as
Felipe G. Calderon
was a Filipino
lawyer, politician,
and intellectual,
known as the
"Father of the
Malolos
Constitution"
BARASOAIN
CHURCH
was founded by the
Augustinian
Missionaries in 1859
and served as the
session hall of Malolos
Congress, the first
congress in the
Philippines which was
held on September
15, 1898 under the
presidency of Pedro
Paterno
 A committee headed by Felipe Calderon and
aided by Cayetano Arellano, the constitution was
drafted, for the first time by representatives of
the Filipino people and it is the first THE MALOLOS
republican constitution in Asia. CONSTITUTIO
 The constitution was inspired by the constitutions N
of Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil,
Belgium and France
 This paved the way to launching the first
Philippine Republic.
 It established a democratic, republication
government with three branches - the Executive,
Legislative and the Judicial branches.
 It called for the separation of church and state
FIRST
PHILIPPINE
REPUBLIC
more commonly
known as the
First Philippine
Republic or the
Malolos
Republic, was a
nascent
revolutionary
government in
the Philippines.
THE STORY
BEHIND THE
MALOLOS
CONSTITUTION
 Mabini envisioned the Congress to be an
advisory body of the President.
 But his idea was contradicted by Congress when
it opposed to draft a constitution. Congress
advanced the opinion that a modern constitution.
 It was imperative in order to secure the
recognition of the Philippine Independence by
foreign powers. Mabini, on the other hand argued
that a delicate task as the framing of the
constitution should be done in a peaceful and
quiet mood.
 Mabini added that Congress was convoked not to
frame a constitution, but to advise the President
and to give him popular support. APOLINAR
IO MABINI
 Although his arguments were unassailable he
was defeated by majority under the leadership of
Paterno.
 Nevertheless, Mabini submitted his Constitutional
Plane of the Philippine Republic, but congress, for
the second time, overruled him.
 A committee to draft the constitution was
created , with Felipe Calderon as its most
prominent member. PEDRO
 With the advice of Cayetttano Arellano, Calderon ALEJANDRO
drew up his plans for a constitution, deriving
inspiration from the constitutions of Mexico, PATERNO Y
Belgium, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil ,and DE VERA
France.
IGNACIO
 In the session of October 8, Calderon presented
the draft of his constitution.
 Printed copies of it were made on October 21,
and discussions began at October 25
 The most tumultous discussions occurred when
the provision making Catholicism the religion of
the State came up for consideration.
 After much heated debates on the subject , the
congress voted on it. The result was a tie.
 The second voting resulted in the victory of the
separation of the Church and State.
CAYETANO
ARELLANO
 The partisans of the separation won only by only
one vote: that of Pablo Tecson.
 The provision of the subject of the state religion
was then amended to read:
 Article 5. The State recognizes the freedom and
equality of religions, as well as the separation of
the Church and State.
 A few other ammendments were inserted in the
draft constitution before it was sent to Aguinaldo
for approval . On January 21, 1899, Aguinaldo
promulgated what is now known as the Malolos
Constitution.
 The protracted discussions that characterized the
congress sessions on the subject of wether or not
PABLO
TECSON
Church and State should be united showed:
 Filipinos as a people, though up in arms against
Catholic Spai, were anti-Catholic but merely anti-
clerical and second,
 Many of the delegates learned from the bitter
lesson of the Philippine History in voting against
the union of Church and State which, under
Spain, was the fundamental basis of Spanish
colonial system.
 That decision became the cornerstone of
Philippine Democracy and showed not only the
nationalism and democratic orientation of those
who voted for the separation of Church and
State, but also their keen sense of history.

EMILIO
AGUINALDO
SUMMARY OF
THE MALOLOS
CONSTITUTION
 WE, the Representatives of the
Filipino people, lawfully
convened, in order to establish POLITICAL
justice, provide for the CONSTITUT
common defense, promote the ION OF THE
general welfare, and to secure REPUBLIC
for ourselves the blessings of
liberty, imploring the aid of
the Supreme Legislator of the
Universe to help us attain
these objectives, have voted,
decreed, and sanctioned the
 POLITICAL
 Article 1. The political CONSTITUT
association of all the Filipinos ION
constitutes a NATION, whose
state shall be known as the TITLE I:
Philippine Republic. THE
 Article 2. The Philippine REPUBLIC
Republic is free and
independent.
 Article 3. Sovereignty resides
exclusively in the people.
 POLITICAL
 Article 4. Government of the
CONSTITUT
Republic is popular, representative, ION
alternative, and responsible, and
shall exercise three (3) distinct TITLE II:
powers: namely the legislative, the
executive, and the judicial.
THE
GOVERNME
Any two or more of these powers
shall never be united in one person NT
or corporation, nor the legislative
power vested in one single
individual.
 POLITICAL
CONSTITUT
Article 5. The State ION
recognizes the freedom
and equality of all religions, TITLE III:
as well as the separation of THE
the Church and the State. RELIGION
 ION
 In this chapter, it talks about what should be the
characteristics of a person to be called a Filipino. A
mother and father should be a Filipino and born in
TITLE IV
the Philippine Territory. Foreigners can be a Filipino THE
as long as they obtained certification of
naturalization. In this chapter, it also talks about the FILIPINOS
rights of Filipino in terms of imprisonment, judicial AND THEIR
authority, residency policies, prosecutions, public
tax payment, not shall deprived of the rights to NATIONAL
freely express his/her opinions and ideas, rights of
association for purposes human life, and of the right
AND
to send petitions, obligations to defend the own INDIVIDUAL
country with arms when call upon the law, Property
Rights, and other rights of people. Neither shall the RIGHTS
Government establish in the Republic institutions
mentioned in the preceding paragraph, nor confer
honors, decorations, or honorific titles of nobility to
any Filipino. The Nation, however, may reward by
special law approved by the Assembly, conspicuous
 POLITICAL
 Article 33. Legislative power shall be exercised by an CONSTITUT
Assembly of Representatives of the Nation. In this
chapter, it was stated how the national assembly takes ION
place, the procedures that should be followed by the
representatives, who shall organize committees for the
organization of the Assembly and of course the TITLE V:
President of the Republic's duty for the Assembly upon
abiding the law. Article 39. For the election of the new THE
President of the Republic, which shall be formed at LEGISLATIV
least one month before the expiration of the term of
office of the Representatives. In case of death or E POWER
resignation of the President of the Republic, the
Assembly shall meet in session by its own right or by
initiative of the President or of the Permanent
Commission. Article 40.
 In the meantime that the new President has not been chosen, his
functions shall be exercised by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
whose office shall be taken over by one of the Justices of the Court, in
accordance with law. This chapter also stated that, Any session of the
Assembly held outside the period of ordinary legislature shall be unlawful
and void. The sessions of the Assembly shall be public. However, sessions
may be held in secret upon petition of a certain number of its members
fixed by the Rules . (Article 42.) Article 47. The National Assembly shall
have the additional powers such as to approve Rules for its internal
government, examine the legality of the elections and the legal
qualifications of the elected members, and to elect its President, Vice-
Presidents, and Secretaries. Article 53. The office of Representatives shall
be for a term of four years, and shall be compensated by a sum fixed by
law, according to the circumstances. Those who absent themselves
during the entire period of the legislative sessions shall not be entitled to
any compensation; but they may be allowed to recover the right to
compensation should they attend subsequently.
 CONSTITUT
ION
 In this chapter, Electing 7 members to form a
Permanent Commision. And the permanent
commission during the adjournment of assembly
TITLE VI:
should have attributes which are declaring if there is THE
sufficient cause to proceed against the higher-ups,
convoking the assembly into a special session, act PERMANEN
upon pending matters which require proper actions,
supplement the powers of the Assembly in accordance
T
with the Constitution, excepting the act of voting and COMMISSIO
approving laws. The Permanent Commission shall meet
in session whenever convoked by the presiding officer, N
in accordance with this Constitution.
 POLITICAL
 Article 56. The Executive Power shall be vested in CONSTITUT
the President of the Republic, who shall exercise it ION
through his Department Secretaries. Article 57.
The administration of the particular interests of
towns, provinces, and of the State shall TITLE VII:
correspond, respectively, to the Popular
Assembles, the Provincial Assemblies, and to the THE
Administration in power, in accordance with the EXECUTIVE
laws, and observing the most liberal policy of
decentralization and administrative autonomy. POWER
 Article 58. The President of the Republic shall be elected
POLITICAL
by absolute majority of votes by the Assembly and by the CONSTITUT
special Representatives, convened in chamber assembles.
His term of office shall be four years, and may be ION
reelected. In this chapter, it is stated how the president
can took the position, his power to execute the law, the
approval of laws by his hand and from the assembly, the TITLE VIII:
promulgation of laws, and disposal of the navy and the
army. Article 67. The President of the Republic, in addition THE
to his duty to execute the laws, shall: * Supervise civil and
military employees in accordance with the laws. *Appoint PRESIDENT
the Secretaries of the Government. * Direct the diplomatic
and commercial relations with foreign powers. * See to it
OF THE
that justice is duly and promptly administered throughout REPUBLIC
the Philippines. *Grant pardon to convicted criminals in
accordance with the laws, except any special provision
relating to the Secretaries of the Government; and,
*Preside over all national functions and receive
ambassadors and accredited representatives of foreign
powers.
 Article 68. The President of the Republic may be authorized by special
law: 1. To alienate, transfer or exchange any portion of Philippine
territory. 2. To incorporate any other territory to the Philippine territory.
3. To admit the stationing of foreign troops in Philippine territory. 4. To
ratify of alliance, defensive as well as offensive, special treaties of
commerce, those which stipulate to grant subsidies to a foreign power,
and those which may compel Filipinos to render personal service.
Secret treaties in no case may prevail over the provisions of open
treaties or treaties made publicly. 5. To grant general amnesties and
pardons. 6. To coin money. In addition, the chapter also stated the fact
that the president belongs the power to issue regulations. The President
of the Republic may be held liable only for cases of high treason and
lastly, the salary of the President of the Republic shall be fixed by
special law which may not be changed except after the presidential
term has expired.
 Article 73. The Council of Government is composed of CONSTITUT
one President and seven secretaries, each of whom ION
shall have under his charge the portfolios of Foreign
Relations, Interior, Finance, War and Marine, Public
Education, Communications and Public Works, and
Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce. Article 74. All
TITLE IX:
the acts done by the President of the Republic in the THE
discharge of his duties shall be signed by the
corresponding Secretary. No public official shall give SECRETARI
official recognition to any act unless this requisite is
complied with. Article 75. The Secretaries of
ES OF
Government are jointly responsible to the Assembly GOVERNME
for the general administration of the Government,
and individually for their respective personal acts. NT
Article 76. In order to exempt them from
responsibility, when held guilty by the Assembly, a
petition to this effect approved by absolute majority
of the Representatives is necessary.
 Article 77. To the Court corresponds exclusively
POLITICAL
the power to apply the laws, in the name of the CONSTITUT
Nation, in all civil and criminal trials. The same
codes of laws shall be applied throughout the
ION
Republic, without prejudice to certain variations
according to circumstances as determined by
law. In all trials, civil, criminal, and TITLE X:
administrative, all citizens shall be governed by
one code of laws and procedure. In judicial
THE
power, the courts of justice shall not apply JUDICIAL
general local regulations, except when they
conform to the laws. The Chief Justice of the
POWER
Supreme Court and the Solicitor-General shall be
chosen by the National Assembly and Any citizen
may file suit against any member exercising the
Judicial Power for any crime committed by them
in the discharge of their office.
 Article 82. The organization and attributes of
CONSTITUT
provincial and popular assemblies shall be ION
governed by their respective laws. These laws
shall conform to the following principles: 1. The
government and management of the particular TITLE XI:
interests of the province or town shall be PROVINCIA
discharged by their respective corporations, the
principle of direct and popular elections being L AND
the basis underlying each of them. 2. Publicity POPULAR
of their sessions, within the limits provided by
law. 3. Publication of all appropriations, ASSEMBLIE
accounts, and agreements affecting same. 4. S
Government interference and, in the absence
thereof, by the National Assembly, to prevent
provinces and municipalities exceeding their
powers and attributes to the prejudice of the
interest of individuals and of the Nation at
large. 5. Power of taxation shall be exercised to
 POLITICAL
 In this chapter, it talks about the CONSTITUT
Government duties in budget of ION
expenditures and incomes, borrowing
money secured by mortgage or credit of
the Nation, Public debts contracted by the TITLE XII:
Government of the Republic (No debt shall
be contracted unless the means of paying ADMINISTR
the same are voted upon), and All laws
relating to income, public expenses, or
ATION OF
public credits. Article 88. The Assembly THE STATE
shall determine every year, upon the
recommendation of the President of the
Republic, the military forces by land and
sea.
 CONSTITUT
 Article 89. The Assembly, on its own ION
initiative or that of the President of the
Republic, may propose amendments to
the Constitution, indicating what article TITLE XIII:
or articles are to be amended. Article 90. AMENDME
This proposal having been made, the
President of the Republic shall dissolve NT OF THE
the Assembly, and shall convoke a CONSTITUT
Constituent Assembly which shall meet
within three months. In the decree ION
convoking the Constituent Assembly, the
resolution mentioned in the preceding
article shall be inserted.
 CONSTITUTI
 Article 91. The President of the Republic, the
ON
Government, the Assembly, and all Filipino
citizens shall faithfully observe the provisions of
the Constitution; and the Legislative Power, upon TITLE XIV:
approval of the Appropriations Act, shall examine CONSTITUTI
if the Constitution has been strictly complied
with and whether violations, if any, have been
ONAL
duly corrected and those responsible for the OBSERVANC
violations held liable. Article 92. The President of E, OATH,
the Republic and all other officials of the Nation
shall not enter into the discharge of their office
AND
without having taken the prescribed oath. The LANGUAGE
oath of the President of the Republic shall be
taken before the National Assembly. The other
officials of the Nation shall take their oath before
the authorities determined by law. Article 93.
The use of languages spoken in the Philippines
shall be optional. Their use cannot be regulated