Subject: General Biology 2
Grade Level: Grade 12
Objective: Describe general features of the history of life on Earth, including
generally accepted dates and sequence of the geologic time scale and
characteristics of major groups of organisms present during these time
periods, Explain the mechanisms that produce change in populations from
generation to generation (e.g., artificial selection, natural selection, genetic
drift, mutation, recombination, Show patterns of descent with modification from
common ancestors to produce the organismal diversity observed today
Learning within and across curriculum:
- Within:
1) History: Understanding the evolution of life on Earth provides insights into the
historical development of various organisms.
2) Mathematics: Analyzing population changes and genetic diversity involves
mathematical concepts and calculations.
3) Language Arts: Communicating scientific concepts effectively through writing and
presentations is essential in biology.
- Across:
1) Sociology: Studying the impact of population changes and adaptations on
societies can be linked to understanding genetic drift and selection.
2) Geography: Exploring the distribution of species over time can be related to the
geographical context of evolution.
3) Economics: Examining the value of biodiversity and its importance in ecosystems
connects to the concept of organismal diversity.
ELICIT:
[Teaching Strategy: Brainstorming]
[Instructional Materials: Visual Aids]
Anecdote 1 - Discussing the diverse array of Filipino flora and fauna can relate to the
topic of organismal diversity.
Anecdote 2 - Sharing stories of local myths and legends about the origins of life can
spark interest in the history life on Earth.
ENGAGE:
[Teaching Strategy: Role-Playing]
[Instructional Materials: Realia]
1) Idea - Conduct a role-play activity where students act as different organisms
evolving over time to understand descent with modification.
2) Idea - Organize a mystery box activity where students uncover clues related to
different geologic time periods to pique curiosity.
EXPLORE:
Activity 1: Evolution Timeline
[Teaching Strategy: Inquiry-Based Learning]
Materials - Timeline chart, species cards
Significance - Understanding the chronological order of evolution
Instructions -
1) Arrange species cards on the timeline according to their appearance in history.
2) Discuss the significance of each species in the evolutionary process.
3) Rubric - Accuracy (15 pts), Explanation (15 pts), Participation (10 pts)
Assessment Questions:
1) What major event marks the beginning of the Paleozoic era?
2) How did the appearance of flowering plants impact the Mesozoic era?
3) Explain the significance of the Cambrian explosion.
Activity 2: Natural Selection Simulation
[Teaching Strategy: Cooperative Learning]
Materials - Darwin's finch beak models, food sources
Significance - Understanding the impact of natural selection on population traits
Instructions -
1) Students use different beak models to "compete" for food sources.
2) Record which beak shapes are most successful in obtaining food.
3) Rubric - Adaptation (15 pts), Data Analysis (15 pts), Collaboration (10 pts)
Assessment Questions:
1) How did the environment influence the success of certain beak shapes?
2) What role does variation play in natural selection?
3) Describe how adaptations can lead toiation.
Inclusive Activity 3: Adaptation Field Observation
[Teaching Strategy: Experiential Learning]
Materials - None
Significance - Observing real-life adaptations in local organisms
Instructions -
1) Take a walk around the school or community to observe different organisms.
2) Identify discuss adaptations that help each organism survive.
) Rubric - Observation (15 pts), Analysis (15 pts Discussion (10 pts)
Assessment Questions:
1) How do the observed adaptations reflect the organisms' environments?
2) Explain how specific adaptations increase an organism's fitness.
3) Discuss the importance of adaptation in the survival of species.
EXPLAIN:
Activity 1 - Students will analyze the evolutionary timeline to understand the
progression of life forms.
Activity 2 - Students will simulate natural selection to the concept of.
Activity 3 - Students will observe and discuss real-life adaptations in organisms.
ELABORATE:
[Teaching Strategy: Project-Based Learning]
Task 1 - Design a hypothetical scenario where students create a population
undergoing genetic drift and present their findings.
Task 2 - Research and present case studies of artificial selection in agriculture and
its impact on crop diversity.
Supporting Material 1 - Article on genetic drift in isolated populations
Supporting Material 2 - Documentary on the effects of artificial selection on domestic
animals
EVALUATE:
[Teaching Strategy: Case Studies]
[Instructional Materials: Case Studies]
Question 1 - Describe how natural selection operates in a population of birds with
different beak sizes.
Question 2 - Analyze the role of genetic drift in small populations of endangered
species.
Question 3 - Explain how mutation and recombination contribute to genetic diversity.
H.O.T.S.:
Question 1 - Evaluate the effectiveness of artificial selection in producing desired
traits in crops.
Answer 1 - Artificial selection allows breeders to select and propagate specific traits,
enhancing crop yield and quality.
2 - Compare and contrast the mechanisms of natural selection and genetic drift in
population evolution.
Answer 2 - Natural selection acts on existing traits, while genetic drift is a random
process affecting allele frequencies.
Question 3 Predict the possible outcomes of a population with high mutation rates.
Answer 3 - High mutation rates may increase genetic variability, potentially leading to
new adaptations and diversity.
EXTEND:
[Teaching Strategy: Concept Mapping]
[Instructional Materials: Concept Maps]
Use-case 1 - Students apply the principles of natural selection to design a breeding
program for a hypothetical endangered species.
Use-case 2 - Analyze real-world examples of genetic drift in isolated populations and
propose conservation strategies.
Assignment:
1) Research Assignment:
Guiding Overview - Research and present a timeline of major geologic events and
corresponding life forms.
Assessment Question - Explain the significance of the Cambrian explosion in the
history of life on Earth.
2) Creative Assignment:
Guiding Overview - Create a visual representation of the mechanisms of evolution
discussed in class.
Assessment Question - Compare and contrast the effects of artificial selection and
natural selection on population diversity.
