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Definite Past Tense in Turkish - Turkish Basics

The document discusses the definite past tense in Turkish. It explains that there are two types of past tense in Turkish, definite and reported. The definite past tense indicates something that definitely happened in the past. It is formed by adding suffixes like -dı, -di, -du or -dü to the verb root. The document provides examples of forming the definite past tense in positive, negative, positive question and negative question forms.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
168 views6 pages

Definite Past Tense in Turkish - Turkish Basics

The document discusses the definite past tense in Turkish. It explains that there are two types of past tense in Turkish, definite and reported. The definite past tense indicates something that definitely happened in the past. It is formed by adding suffixes like -dı, -di, -du or -dü to the verb root. The document provides examples of forming the definite past tense in positive, negative, positive question and negative question forms.

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hammadullah342
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Definite Past Tense


(dı/di/du/dü)
There are two types of past tense in Turkish: definite past tense and reported past tense.

Definite past tense is similar to ordinary past tense in English. We use it when we know for sure that
something has taken place. In other words when there is certainty about something that has
happened.

The definite past tense attaches the suffixes "dı/di/du/dü" to the verb root. We obtain the verb root by
removing "mak/mek" from the infinitive form. For example, the verb root of "yazmak" would be "yaz",
"düşmek" would be "düş" and "izlemek" would be "izle".

We can express the definite past tense in four ways: I Ben


You Sen
1. Positive (Eg. I wrote) He / She / It O
2. Negative (Eg. I did not write) We Biz
3. Positive Question (Eg. Did I write?)
You (Plural) Siz
4. Negative Question (Eg. Did I not write?)
They Onlar

Personal pronouns

POSITIVE
For positive, we focus on two particular letters in the verb root. Firstly, we focus on its last vowel.
Secondly, we take note of its last letter.

Based on the last vowel, we attach one of "dı/di/du/dü" to the verb root. This is done to preserve
vowel harmony.

If the very last letter of the verb root is one of "ç/f/h/k/s/ş/t/p", we replace the "d" in the definite past
tense suffixes with a "t". Our suffixes then become "tı/ti/tu/tü". A helpful method of memorizing
these letters is by remembering the phrase "fıstıkçı şahap".

Lastly we attach the personal suffix. Each personal pronoun has its own set of personal suffixes.

Suffixes to be attached to verb root (Positive)

Last Vowel of verb


a/ı e/i o/u ö/ü
root▶

Ben -dım -dim -dum -düm

Sen -dın -din -dun -dün


O -dı -di -du -dü

Biz -dık -dik -duk -dük


Siz -dınız -diniz -dunuz -dünüz

Onlar -dılar -diler -dular -düler

Examples:

yazmak - to write izlemek - to watch


Ben yazdım I wrote Ben izledim I watched
Sen yazdın You wrote Sen izledin You watched
O yazdı He/she/it wrote O izledi He/she/it watched
Biz yazdık We wrote Biz izledik We watched
Siz yazdınız You wrote Siz izlediniz You watched
Onlar yazdılar They wrote Onlar izlediler They watched

If the letter at the end of the verb root is one of "ç/f/h/k/s/ş/t/p", we replace the "d" in the definite
past tense suffix with a "t":

konuşmak - to speak düşmek - to fall


Ben konuştum I spoke Ben düştüm I fell
Sen konuştun You spoke Sen düştün You fell
O konuştu He/she/it spoke O düştü He/she/it fell
Biz konuştuk We spoke Biz düştük We fell
Siz konuştunuz You spoke Siz düştünüz You fell
Onlar konuştular They spoke Onlar düştüler They fell

NEGATIVE

The negative suffixes are "ma/me". We attach the appropriate suffix to the verb root based on the
rules of vowel harmony. Thereafter we attach one of "dı/di". Basically if we consider these together
we will only be attaching one of "madı/medi" to the verb root. Lastly we attach the personal suffix.

Suffixes to be attached to verb root (Negative)

Last Vowel of
a/ı/o/u e/i/ö/ü
verb root▶

Ben -madım -medim

Sen -madın -medin


O -madı -medi

Biz -madık -medik


Siz -madınız -mediniz
Onlar -madılar -mediler

Examples:

yazmak - to write düşmek - to fall


Ben yazmadım I did not write Ben düşmedim I did not fall
Sen yazmadın You did not write Sen düşmedin You did not fall
O yazmadı He/she/it did not write O düşmedi He/she/it did not fall
Biz yazmadık We did not write Biz düşmedik We did not fall
Siz yazmadınız You did not write Siz düşmediniz You did not fall
Onlar yazmadılar They did not write Onlar düşmediler They did not fall

POSITIVE QUESTION

In order to turn a positive verb into a question, all we do is add one of "mı/mi/mu/mü" after it. These
are not suffixes but separate words altogether. "Onlar", however, only gets one of "mı/mi" added after
it.

Suffixes to be attached to verb root (Positive Question)

Last Vowel of verb


a/ı e/i o/u ö/ü
root▶

Ben -dım mı -dim mi -dum mu -düm mü

Sen -dın mı -din mi -dun mu -dün mü

O -dı mı -di mi -du mu -dü mü


Biz -dık mı -dik mi -duk mu -dük mü

Siz -dınız mı -diniz mi -dunuz mu -dünüz mü

Onlar -dılar mı -diler mi -dular mı -düler mi

Examples:

yazmak - to write izlemek - to watch


Ben yazdım mı? Did I write? Ben izledim mi? Did I watch?
Sen yazdın mı? Did you write? Sen izledin mi? Did you watch?
O yazdı mı? Did he/she/it write? O izledi mi? Did he/she/it watch?
Biz yazdık mı? Did we write? Biz izledik mi? Did we watch?
Siz yazdınız mı? Did you write? Siz izlediniz mi? Did you watch?
Onlar yazdılar mı? Did they write? Onlar izlediler mi? Did they watch?
If the letter at the end of the verb root is one of "ç/f/h/k/s/ş/t/p", we replace the "d" in the definite
past tense suffix with a "t":

konuşmak - to speak düşmek - to fall


Ben konuştum mu? Did I speak? Ben düştüm mü? Did I fall?
Sen konuştun mu? Did you speak? Sen düştün mü? Did you fall?
O konuştu mu? Did he/she/it speak? O düştü mü? Did he/she/it fall?
Biz konuştuk mu? Did we speak? Biz düştük mü? Did we fall?
Siz konuştunuz mu? Did you speak? Siz düştünüz mü? Did you fall?
Onlar konuştular mı? Did they speak? Onlar düştüler mi? Did they fall?

NEGATIVE QUESTION

To convert a negative verb into a question, we simply add "mı/mi" at the end.

Suffixes to be attached to verb root (Negative Question)

Last Vowel of
a/ı/o/u e/i/ö/ü
verb root▶

Ben -madım mı -medim mi

Sen -madın mı -medin mi

O -madı mı -medi mi

Biz -madık mı -medik mi


Siz -madınız mı -mediniz mi

Onlar -madılar mı -mediler mi

Examples:

yazmak - to write düşmek - to fall


Ben yazmadım mı? Did I not write? Ben düşmedim mi? Did I not fall?
Sen yazmadın mı? Did you not write? Sen düşmedin mi? Did you not fall?
O yazmadı mı? Did he/she/it not write? O düşmedi mi? Did he/she/it not fall?
Biz yazmadık mı? Did we not write? Biz düşmedik mi? Did we not fall?
Siz yazmadınız mı? Did you not write? Siz düşmediniz mi? Did you not fall?
Onlar yazmadılar mı? Did they not write? Onlar düşmediler mi? Did they not fall?

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