IRC:SP:99-2013

MANUAL
OF
SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS
FOR
EXPRESSWAYS

INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS

2013
 IRC:SP:99-2013
3

MANUAL
OF
SPECIFICATIONS ANU STANDARDS
FOR
EXPRESSWAYS

Published by:

INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS

Kama Koti Marg,
Sector-6, R.K. Puram ,
New Oelhi-110 022

November, 2013

Price : t 1200

(Plus Packing & Postage)

II
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IRC:SP:99-2013

First Published November, 2013

(All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication shall be reproduced,

translated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the
permission of the Indian Roads Congress)

Printed by India Offset Press, Delhi-110064

1000 Copies
 IRC:SP:99-2013

PERSONNEL OF THE GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE (GSS)
(As on 6th August, 2013)

1. Kandasamy, C. Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, Ministry of Road

(Convenor) Transport & Highways,
4,
New Delhi
2. Patankar, V. L. Addi. Director General, Ministry of Road Transport &
(Co-Convenor) Highways, New Delhi
3. Kumar, Manoj Chief Engineer (R) (SR&T), Ministry of Road Transport
(Member Secretary) & Highways, New Del hi

Members
4. Dhodapkar, A. N Chief Engineer (Retd .), MORTH, New Delhi
5. Das, S.N . Addi. Director General (Mech.), MORTH New Delhi
6. Datta, P.K. Director-Corporate Development, M/s TransAsia
Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
7. De, Dr. D.C. Executive Director, Consulting Engineering Services
(India) Pvt. Ltd ., New Delhi

8. Duhsaka, Vania! Chief Engineer, PWD Highways, Aizwal

9. Joshi, L.K. Former Secretary, MORTH, New Delhi
10. Kadiyali , Dr. L.R. C hief Executive , L.R. Kadiyali & Associates, New Delhi
11 . Kumar, Ashok Chief Engineer (Retd .), Ministry of Road Transport
& Highways, New Delhi
12. Kumar, Dr. Kishor Chief Scientist, Geotechnical Engg. Dn., CRRI, New Delhi
13. Mandpe, P.S. Chief Engineer (NH), PWD Maharashtra
14. Narain, A.D. Directo r General (RD) & AS (Retd.), MORTH, Noida

15. Pandey, I.K. Chief G eneral Manager (Tech.), National Highways

Authority of India , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh
16. Patwardhan , S.V. Advisor, Madhucon Project, New Delhi
17. Puri, S.K. Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, MORTH (Retd.),
New Delhi
18. Rajoria, K.B. Engineer-in-Chief (Retd .), Delhi PW D, New Delhi
19. Rao, P.R. Vice President, Soma Enterprises Ltd., Gu rgaon
20. Reddy, K. Siva Engineer-in-Chief (R&B), Admn. & National Highways,
Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh
21. Selot, Anand Former Engineer-in-Chief, PWD Madhya Pradesh
 IRC:SP:99-2013

PERSONNEL OF THE GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE (GSS)
(As on 6th August, 2013)

1. Kandasamy, C. Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, Ministry of Road

(Convenor) Transport & Highways,
4,
New Delhi
2. Patankar, V.L. Addi. Director General, Ministry of Road Transport &
(Co-Convenor) Highways, New Delhi
~--
3. Kumar, Manoj Chief Engineer (R) (SR&T), Ministry of Road Transport
(Member Secretary) & Highways, New Delhi

Members
4. Dhodapkar, A.N Chief Engineer (Retd.), MORTH, New Delhi
5. Das, S.N. Addi. Director General (Mech.), MORTH New Delhi
6. Datta, P.K. Director-Corporate Development, M/s TransAsia
Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi
7. De, Dr. D.C. Executive Director, Consulting Engineering Services
(India) Pvt. Ltd ., New Delhi
8. Duhsaka, Vania! Chief Engineer, PWD Highways, Aizwal
9. Joshi, L.K. Former Secretary, MORTH , New Delhi
10. Kadiyali, Dr. L.R. Chief Executive, L.R. Kadiyali & Associates, New Delhi
11. Kumar, Ashok Chief Engineer (Retd.), Ministry of Road Transport
& Highways, New Delhi
12. Kumar, Dr. Kishor Chief Scientist, Geotechnical Engg. Dn., CRRI , New Delhi
13. Mandpe, P.S. Chief Engineer (NH), PWD Maharashtra
14. Narain, A.D. Director General (RD) & AS (Retd.), MORTH, Noida
15. Pandey, I.K. Chief General Manager (Tech.), National Highways
Authority of India, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
16. Patwardhan, S.V. Advisor, Madhucon Project, New Delhi
17. Puri , S.K. Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, MORTH (Retd.),
New Delhi
18. Rajoria, K.B. Engineer-in-Chief (Retd .), Delhi PWD, New Delhi
19. Rao, P.R. Vice President, Soma Enterprises Ltd., Gurgaon
20. Reddy, K. Siva Engineer-in-Chief (R&B), Admn . & National Highways,
Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh
21. Selot, Anand Former Engineer-in-Chief, PWD Madhya Pradesh
 -
IRC:SP:99-2013

22. Sharma, D.C. Sr. Principal Scientist and Head Instrumentation

Division, CRRI, New Delhi
23. Sharma, D.D. Chairman, M/s D2S Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
24. Sharma, Rama Shankar Chief Engineer (Retd.), MORTH, New Delhi
25. Sharma, S.C. Director General (RD) & AS (Retd.), MORTH , New Delhi
26. Shrivastava, Palash Director, IDFC, Newp elhi
27. Singh, Nirmal Jit Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, MORTH (Retd.),
New Delhi
.,_,
28. Sinha,A.V. Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, MORTH (Retd.),
New Delhi
29. Sinha, N.K. Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, MORTH (Retd.),
New Delhi
30. Tamhankar, Dr. M.G. Director-Grade Scientist (SERC-G) (Retd.), Navi
Mumbai
31. Tandon , Prof. Mahesh Managing Director, Tandon Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
32. Vasava, S.B (Vice-President, IRC) Chief Engineer (P) & Addi.
Secretary, R&B Deptt. Gandhinagar, Gujarat
33. Velayutham, V. Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, MORTH (Retd.),
New Delhi
34. Verma, Maj. V.C. Executive Director-Marketing, Oriental Structure
Engineers Pvt. Ltd ., New Delhi
35. Rep of NRRDA (Pateriya, Dr. I.K.) Director (Technical ), NRRDA, NBCC
Tower, Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi
36. The Dy. Director General (Lal, B.B.) Chief Engineer, DOG D&S Dte. Seema Sadak
Bhawan, New Delhi
37 The Chief Engineer (NH) PWD Jaipur (Rajasthan)

Ex-Officio Members
1. Kandasamy, C. Director General (Road Development) & Special
Secretary, MORTH and President, IRC, New Delhi
2. Prasad, Vishnu Shankar Secretary General, Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi

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 IRC:SP:99-2013

INTRODUCTION

Recognizing the need for expeditious development of Access Controlled Facilities

simultaneously ensuring safe and high speed travel which interalia improves the productivity
of road transport system, it was decided by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways and the
Planning Commission through a series of meetings during December 2012 and January 2013
that a standard Manual of Specifications and Standards for Expressways should be brought
out by the Indian Roads Congress (IRC). Accordingly, the IRC formulated the proposal and
the task for the same was entrusted to IRC by the Ministr/'of Road Transport & Highways on
11 th February, 2013. An Expert Group comprising of following experts was constituted by IRC
for the preparation of the Manual:- ..,,

1. Shri S.C. Sharma Team Leader

2. Shri D.P. Gupta Member
3. Shri R.S. Sharma Member
4. Dr. L.R. Kadiyali Member
5. Shri Kiyoshi Dachiku Member
6. Ms Neha Vyas Member
The Ministry of Road Transport & Highways constituted a Peer Review Group under the
Chairmanship of Director General (Road Development) & Special Secretary having members
representing all categories of stakeholders.

The Expert Group prepared a Technical Note on Critical Issues which was discussed during
the Workshop organized by the MORTH on 22nd February, 2013 and also in Planning
Commission on 6 th March, 2013. The Critical Issues were deliberated , discussed and frozen
during these two meetings, which enabled the Expert Group to move forward.

It was decided that the Manual should be structured on the lines of the existing Manual of
Specifications and Standards for Four-laning of Highways published by IRC. The expressways
need to be planned as fully access controlled highways where entry and exit points are
provided at pre-determined locations.The Manual is intended mainly for new/green field
expressways projects. This Manual is not applicable for design of expressways in urban
areas andin hilly terrain. Due consideration has been given to conservation of material and
environmental aspects as well. As a departure from the existing guidelines, the Manual
professes near ground level expressways in the plain terrain and with moderate cutting and
fillings in the rolling terrain.

The design considerations require that this type of expressways is constructed where flood,
drainage or water table do not pose any problem and due care is taken from drainage point
of view while keeping the expressway level close to the existing ground level.

The side approach roads should invariably cross over the expressway facility to maintain the
sanctity of access controlled features.

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IRC:SP:99-2013

The Draft Version 1 of the Manual prepared by the Expert Group was discussed by the Peer
Review Group during its second meeting held on 26th May, 2013. The comments of the Peer
Review Group were suitably incorporated by the Expert Group in Draft Version 2, which was
placed before the H-7 Committee and the G-1 Committee of IRC. The H-7 Committee (list of
the members appended) approved the draft in its 4 th meeting and the comments of the same
were also incorporated by the Expert Group and placed the modified version before G-1
Committee. The G-1 Committee constituted a Sub-Group under the Chairmanship of Shri
Ashok Kumar with the following members:- 6

1. Shri A.K. Bhasin

.,_,
2. Shri R.K. Pandey
3. Shri Kishore Kumar
4. Shri Jacob George
5. Shri Varun Aggarwal

The G-1 Committee (list of the members appended) finally approved the Draft Manual on 27th
July, 2013. The GSS Committee during its meeting held on 5th August, 2013 approved the
draft Manual. The final version of Manual was considered , deliberated and approved by IRC
Council during its 200th Council Meeting held at New Delhi on 11 th & 12thAugust, 2013 after
taking on board the comments offered by the Members.

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 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-1
GENERAL

1.1 Application

This Manual is applicable for the construction of Expressways (four lanes, six lanes or eight
lanes) through Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. The scope of work shall be as defined
in the Concession Agreement. This Manual shall be readJiarmoniously with the intent of the
Concession Agreement.

This Manual is intended mainly for Expressways planned as green field projects. For this
purpose, the Expressway is defined as an arterial highway for motorised traffic, with divided
carriageways for high speed travel, with full control of access and provided with grade
separators at location of intersections. Generally, only fast moving vehicles are allowed
access on Expressways. They are inter-city Expressways located in open country outside
the built-up area. The alignment may, however, pass through isolated small stretches of built-
up area as long as the character of the Expressway as a whole do~s not change. The Manual
is not directly applicable to the design of Expressways in urban areas and in hilly terrain.

1.2 Concessionaire's Responsibility

The Project Expressway and the project facilities shall conform to the requirements of design
and specifications set out in this Manual, which are the minimum prescribed. The project
report and other information provided by the Authority 1 shall be used by the Concessionaire
only for his own reference and for carrying out further investigations. The Concessionaire shall
be solely responsible for undertaking all the necessary surveys, investigations and detailed
designs in accordance with good industry practice and due diligence, and shall have no claim
against the Authority for any loss, damage, risks, costs, liabilities or obligations arising out of
or in relation to the project report and other information provided by the Authority.

1.3 Quality Assurance Requirements

At least two weeks prior to commencement of the work, the Concessionaire shall draw up
a Quality Assurance Manual (QAM) covering the Quality System (QS), Quality Assurance
Plan (QAP) and documentation for all aspects of the bridge and road works and send three
copies each to the Independent Engineer (IE) for review. The class of quality assurance
shall be Extra High QA (Q-4) for all aspects of the project covering project preparation,
design and drawings, procurement, materials and workmanship (Refer IRC:SP:47 and
IRC:SP:57).

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Authority/Government/Client
IRC:SP:99-2013

1.4 Acceptable Codes, Standards, Guidelines and Technical Specifications

The Codes, Standards and Technical Specifications applicable for the design and construction
of project components are
i) "Guidelines for Expressways" issued by the MORTH and published by the
Indian Roads Congress (IRC).
ii) Indian Roads Congress (IRC) Codes and Standards (Refer Appendix-1).
iii) Specifications for Road and Bridge Works issued by the Ministry of Road
Transport & Highways (MORTHf' hereinafter referred to as MORTH or
Ministry's Specifications.
(iv) Any other standards referred to in the Manual and any supplement issued
with the bid document.

1.5 Latest Version/Amendments

Latest version of the Codes, Standards, Specifications and Amendments thereto notified/
published at least 60 days before the last date of bid submission shall be considered
applicable.

1.6 Terms Relating to Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

The terms 'Ministry of Surface Transport', 'Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport & Highways'
and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways' or any successor to or substitute thereof shall
be considered as synonymous.

1.7 Terms Denoting Independent Engineer

The terms 'Inspector' and 'Engineer' used in MORTH Specifications shall be deemed to be
substituted by the term "Independent Engineer", to the extent it is consistent with the provisions
of the Concession Agreement and this Manual. The role of the Independent Engineer shall
be as defined in the Concession Agreement.

1.8 Conflict or Inconsistency in the Codes, Standards, Guidelines and

Specifications
In case of any conflict or inconsistency in the provisions of the applicable IRC Codes,
Standards or MORTH Specifications, the provisions contained in this Manual shall apply.

1.9 Building Works

All items of building works shall conform to Central Public Works Department (CPWD)
Specifications for Class 1 building works2 and standards given in the National Building Code
(NBC). For the Project Expressway through the state entity, to the extent specific provisions

2
The State Government may prescribe concerned State PWD Specifications, if so desired.

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 IRC:SP:99-2013

for building works are made in IRC/MORTH Specifications, the same shall prevail over the
CPWD/NBC provisions. For this purpose, building works shall be deemed to include toll
plaza complex, road furniture, roadside facilities, landscape elements and/or any other works
incidental to the building works.

1.10 Alternative Standards and Specifications

The requirements stated in the Manual are the minimum. l'he Concessionaire may, however,
adopt international practices, alternative specifications, materials and standards to bring in
innovation in the design and construction pr.ovided they are better or comparable with the
standards prescribed in the Manual. The proposed alternative specifications and techniques,
including those which are not included in the MORTH/IRC Specifications shall be supported
with authentic standards and specifications mentioned below:
a) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO)
b) American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) .
c) Euro Codes
d) National Standards of any of the following countries:
United States of America (USA), Canada, United Kingdom (UK), France,
Germany, Sweden , Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Spain, Australia,
New Zealand, Japan and South Africa.
(e) IRC revised codes or new codes or amendments to existing codes, which
become applicable after the deadline specified in para 1.5
Such a proposal shall be submitted by the Concessionaire to the Independent Engineer.
In case the Independent Engineer is of the opinion that the proposal submitted by the
Concessionaire is not in conformity with any of the international standards or codes, then he
will record his reasons and convey the same to the Concessionaire for compliance. A record
shall be kept by the Independent Engineer of the non-compliance by the Concessionaire of
the minimum Specifications and Standards specified in the Manual. Adverse consequences,
if any, arising from any such non-compliance, shall be treated as "Concessionaire Default"
and shall be dealt in accordance with the provisions of the Concession Agreement.

1.11 Guidelines for Preparing Schedules of the Concession Agreement

Certain paras (full or part) in Sections 1 to 15 of this Manual refer to the Schedules of
the Concession Agreement. While finalizing the feasibility/project report for the Project
Expressway, and the scope of the project, each of these paras should be carefully examined
and addressed by the Authority with a view to making appropriate provisions in the Schedules
of the Concession Agreement. (A list of the paras that refer to such Schedules has been
provided at Appendix-2 for ready reference).

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IRC:SP:99-2013

1.12 General considerations for Planning, Design and Construction

The Project Expressway shall be planned as a "fully access controlled highway" where entry
to and exit from the Expressway shall be provided only at pre-determined locations through
properly designed entry/exit ramps and/or from interchanges. In doing so, the Concessionaire
shall take measures to overcome the physical and operational constraints and plan, design
and construct the Project Expressway using appropriate methods, management techniques
and technologies. General considerations shall,. without being limited to, be as follows:
i) Carriageway provision and future wid~ning
The number of lanes to be provided for the Project Expressway shall be
specified in Schedule-B of the Concession Agreement. It shall be developed
in accordance with the typical cross-sections given in Para 2.16 of Section-2.
Where only four lane (2x2) or six lane (2x3) carriageway is specified initially
with depressed median, placement of the divided carriageway shall be as
shown in the typical cross-sections (Fig. 2.1 (a) and Fig. 2.1(b)). In this
situation, the width of median shall be increased by multiple of 3.75 m for
each additional lane to allow widening of the carriageway on the right side
of the inside lane to achieve the ultimate eight lane carriageway (with 15 m
wide depressed median) as and when required in future.
In the case of flush median, future widening shall be done on outer side.
ii) Safety of design
The Project Expressway shall be designed to provide for high level of safety
and operational efficiency for the movement of large volumes of traffic at high
speed. Alignment design, geometrics, cross-sectional features, structures,
road signage, markings, advance information system, and other traffic safety
and management features and tolling system shall be designed to conform
to the best standards and international practices to achieve a consistent,
safe and efficient design to cater for highest safety to the user and meet
the intended functions of the Project Expressway. Interchanges, exits and
entrances should be tested for ease of operation and for route continuity
from a driver's point of view.
All designs shall be structurally safe to ensure that the Project Expressway
or any part thereof (for example embankment, pavement, interchanges,
retaining structures, bridges, culverts, etc.) does not collapse (global
stability) nor its serviceability/performance (for example settlement, riding
quality, undulations, deflections, etc.) deteriorates below acceptable level as
prescribed in Schedule-K of the Concession Agreement.
iii) Durability
The Project Expressway shall not only be safe but also durable. This would
mean that the deteriorating effects of climate and environment (for example

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 IRC:SP:99-2013

wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, rainfall, temperature differences,

aggressive environment leading to corrosion, etc.) in addition to the traffic
shall be duly considered in design and construction to make the Project
Expressway durable.
iv) Mitigating disruptive effects of construction

The planning, design and construction of the Project Expressway shall be

such that its construction does not have adverse impact on the environment,
ecology and does not disrupt the lives and business activities of the people
living close to the Project Expressway. Appropriate measures shall be taken
as specified in Section-14 of this Manual.

1.13 Safety during Construction and Operation & Maintenance

1.13.1 The Concessionaire shall develop, implement and administer a surveillance and safety
programme for providing a safe environment on or about the Project Expressway, and shall comply
with the safety requirements set forth in the Concession Agreement.

1.13.2 Before taking up any construction or maintenance operation/work, the Concessionaire

shall prepare a Traffic Management Plan for each work zone and furnish it to the Independent Engineer
for comments duly incorporating the following:

i) Designate a Site Safety Team headed by a qualified Safety Officer.

ii) Traffic safety devices as per IRC:SP:55.

iii) Sprinkling of water for dust control at work zones , haul roads and plant/camp
sites.
iv) Noise/Pollution suppression measures at work zones, haul roads and plant/camp
sites.
v) Mechanical, electrical and fire safety practices.
vi) Safety measures like PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) for workers engaged.
vii) First Aid and Emergency Response Arrangements i.e. First Aid Box, Ambulance,
paramedical staff, alarms, etc.
viii) Safety training/awareness programmes.

ix) Formats to maintain the accident records/emergency response provided during

accidents.

1.14 Field Laboratory

The Concessionaire shall set up field laboratory for testing of materials and finished products
as stipulated in Clause 120 of MORTH Specifications. He shall make necessary arrangements
for additional/confirmatory testing of any materials/products at a government accredited
laboratory, for which facilities at site laboratory are not available.

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1.15 Environment Mitigation Measures

The Concessionaire shall carry out tests/monitor various parameters impacting the
environment of the Project Expressway keeping in view the guidelines of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests and submit proposals for mitigation of adverse environment impact
including provision of noise barriers, etc. for review and comments of the IE, and undertake
implementation of the proposals in consultation with the IE.

1.16 Utilities

The details of the new utilities which are to be constructed or provided for along or across the
Project Expressway shall be as specified in Schedule-B of the Concession Agreement. No
utility should be situated under any part of the roadway, except where the utility crosses the
Expressway. Such utilities shall cross through a culvert.

1.17 Review and Comments by the Independent Engineer

In cases where the Concessionaire is required to send any drawings or documents to the
Independent Engineer for review and comments, and in the evE:nt such comments are
received by the Concessionaire, it shall duly consider such comments in accordance with the
Concession Agreement and Good Industry Practice for taking appropriate action thereon.
The correspondence between the Concessionaire and the Independent Engineer shall be
deemed valid only if a copy thereof is endorsed to and received by the Authority.

1.18 Definitions and Interpretation

1.18.1 Unless specified otherwise in this Manual, the definitions contained in the
Concession Agreement shall apply.

1.18.2 Grade separated structures

i) The structures through which the traffic flows at different levels are called
grade separated structures.
ii) A grade separated structure which is provided for crossing of vehicles under
the Project Expressway is called as Vehicular Underpass (VUP).
iii) A grade separated structure which is provided for crossing of vehicles over
the Project Expressway is called as Vehicular Overpass (VOP).
iv) A structure provided below the Project Expressway for crossing of the
pedestrians is called Pedestrian Underpass (PUP).
v) A structure provided below the Project Expressway for crossing of the cattle
is called Cattle Underpass (CUP).
vi) A pedestrian/cattle underpass through which light vehicles of height up to
3 m can also pass is called Light Vehicular Underpass (LVUP).
vii) Flyover is synonymous to VUPNOP.

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IRC:SP:99-2013

viii) A structure provided above the Project Expressway for crossing of pedestrians
is called Foot Over Bridge(FOB)
ix) A structure provided over the railway lines to carry the Project Expressway is
called Road Over Bridge (ROB).
x) A structure provided below the railway lines to carry the Project Expressway
is called Road Under Bridge (RUB). .t.

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IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-2
GEOMETRIC DESIGN AND GENERAL FEATURES

2.1 General
i) This Section lays down the standards for geometric design and general
features for expressways. The application of geometric standards should
aim at achieving safety, mobility and effiojency in traffic operation.
ii) The geometric design of the Project Expressway shall conform to the
standards set out in this Section as a minimum. The Concessionaire shall
ensure that liberal geometric standards are followed to the extent feasible
within the given Right of Way.
iii) As far as possible, uniformity of design standards shall be maintained
throughout the length of the Project Expressway. In case of any change, it
shall be effected in a gradual manner to conform to driver expectations.
iv) The geometric design should address environrnental concerns and provide
positive guidance to the driver to travel safely.

2.2 Design Speed

2.2.1 The design speeds given in Table 2.1 shall be adopted for various terrain
classifications. (Terrain is classified by the general slope of the ground across the Expressway
alignment).

Table 2.1 Design Speed

Nature of Terrain Cross Slope of the Ground Design Speed (km/hr)
Plain Less than 10 percent 120
Rolling Between 10 and 25 percent 100

2.2.2 Short stretches (say less than 1 km) of varying terrain met with on the alignment
shall not be taken into consideration while deciding the terrain classification for a given section
of the Project Expressway. Where an intervening stretch is classified as hilly/mountainous
stretch and it may not be expedient from economic and environmental consideration to adopt
even standards applicable to rolling terrain , a lower design speed of 80 km/h consistent with
the topography and driver expectancy may be adopted and in such stretches speed limit
signs shall be posted.

2.3 Right-of-Way

2.3.1 The Right-of-Way (the ROW) for the Project Expressway shall be as given in
Schedule-A of the Concession Agreement. The Authority would acquire the additional land
required, if any. The land to be acquired shall be indicated in Schedule-A of the Concession
Agreement. The recommended minimum Right of Way in Plain/Rolling terrain for expressways
is given in Table 2.2.

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 IRC:SP:99-2013

Table 2.2 Right of Way in Plain/Rolling Terrain

Section Right of Way Width*

(ROW)
Rural Section 90 m -120 m
Rural Sections passing through semi- urban areas 120 m#
Note: * The ROW width includes 2 m wide strip on either siele reserved for placement of utilities
outside fencing.
# In case an elevated expressway on viaduct is proposed , the width of ROW may be reduced
as per site conditions and availability of land.

2.3.2 . Additional land at bridge approaches, grade separated structures, interchange

locations, toll plazas and for project facilities shall be acquired as per design.

2.3.3 No service roads shall be provided within the ROW of the Expressway.

2.4 Lane Width of Carriageway

The standard lane width of the Project Expressway shall be 3.75 m. Expressways shall have
a minimum of two lanes for each direction of travel.

2.5 Median

2.5.1 The median shall be depressed or flush. As a rule depressed median shall be
provided except in situations where the availability of ROW is a constraint. The width of
median is the distance between inside edges of carriageways. The recommended width of
median is given in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 Width of Median

Type of Median Recommended Median Width (m)

Minimum Desirable
Depressed 12.0 15.0
Flush 4.5 4.5
Flush (to accommodate structure/pier on median) 8.0 8.0

2.5.2 The depressed median shall have suitably designed drainage system so that
water does not stagnate in the median.
2.5.3 An edge strip of 0.75 m width of depressed median adjacent to carriageway in
either direction shall be paved with same specifications as of the adjoining carriageway.
2.5.4 As far as possible, the median shall be of uniform width in a particular section of
the Project Expressway. However, where changes are unavoidable, a transition of 1 in 50
shall be provided.

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IRC:SP:99-2013

2.5.5 Median barriers shall be provided as specified in Section 10 of this Manual. In

the case of flush type medians, suitable antiglare measures such as metal/plastic screens
shall be provided to reduce headlight glare from opposite traffic. The total height of screen
including the height of the barrier shall be 1.5 m.

2.6 Shoulders
2.6.1 The shoulder on the outer side (left side of carriageway) shall be 3 m wide paved
plus 2 m wide earthen. The shoulder composition shall be a's below:
i) The composition and specification of the paved shoulder shall be as that of
the main carriageway. .,,.
ii) The earthen shoulder shall be provided with 200 mm thick layer of
non-erodible/granu lar material for protection against erosion.

2.7 Roadway Width

2.7.1 The width of roadway shall depend upon the width of carriageway, shoulders and
the median.

2.8 Crossfall
2.8.1 The crossfall on straight sections of expressway carriageway shall be as given in
Table 2.4. Each carriageway shall have unidirectional crossfall.

Table 2.4 Crossfall on Different Surfaces

Annual Rainfall
Cross-Sectional Element
1000 mm or more Less than 1000 mm
Carriageway, Paved shoulders,
2.5 percent 2.0 percent
Edge Strip, Flush Median

2.8.2 The crossfall for earthen/granular shoulders on straight portions shall be at least
1.0 percent steeper than the values given in Table 2.4. On super elevated sections, the
earthen portion of the shoulder on the outer side of the curve would be provided with reverse
crossfall so that the earth does not drain on the carriageway and the storm water drain out
with minimum travel path.

2.9 Design of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment

2.9.1 The general principles and design criteria laid down in MORTH Guidelines for
Expressways shall be followed except as otherwise indicated in this Manual.

2.9.2 Horizontal alignment

2.9.2.1 Alignment shall be fluent and blend with the topography. The horizontal curves
shall be designed to have largest practical radius and shall consist of circular portion flanked
by spiral transitions at both ends.

12
 IRC:SP:99-2013

2.9.2.2 Super elevation

Super elevation shall be limited to 7 percent, if radius of curve is less than the desirable
minimum radius. It shall be limited to 5 percent if radius is more than or equal to the desirable
minimum. Super elevation shall not be less than the minimum specified crossfall.

2.9.2.3 Radii of horizontal curves

.;;5.

The desirable minimum and absolute minimum radii of horizontal curves are given in
Table 2.5.
Table 2.5 Minimum Ftadii of Horizontal Curves
Design Speed (km/h) 120 100 80
Absolute Minimum Radius (m) 670 440 260
Desirable Minimum Radius (m) 1000 700 400
The radius of horizontal curves for various terrain conditions shall not be less than the
desirable minimum values given in Table 2.5 except for sections as indicated in Schedule-B
of the Concession Agreement. For such sections, the radius of curve shall not be less than
the absolute minimum.

2.9.2.4 Transition curves

Properly designed transition curves shall be provided at both ends of the circular curve. The
recommended minimum length of transition curves is given in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6 Minimum Length of Transition Curves

Design Speed (km/h) Minimum Length of Transition Curve (m)
120 100
100 85
80 70

2.9.3 Sight Distance

2.9.3.1 The safe stopping sight distance and desirable minimum sight distance for divided
carriageway for various design speeds are given in Table 2. 7. The desirable values of sight
distance shall be adopted unless there are site constraints. A minimum of safe stopping sight
distance shall be available throughout.
Table 2.7 Safe Sight Distance
Design Speed Safe Stopping Sight Desirable Minimum Sight Distance
(km/hr) Distance (m) (m) (Intermediate Sight Distance)
120 250 500
100 180 360
80 120 240
IRC:SP:99-2013

2.9.3.2 At critical locations or decision points where changes in cross-sections occur such
as toll plazas and interchanges, the sight distance shall not be less than the decision sight
distance given in Table 2.8. The criteria for measuring the decision sight distance are same
as for the stopping sight distance.

Table 2.8 Decision Sight Distance

Design Speed (km/h) Decision Sight Distance (m)

120 360
100 315
'V

80 230

2.9.4 Vertical Alignment

2. 9.4. 1 General

The vertical alignment should provide for a smooth longitudinal profile. Grade changes shall
not be too frequent as to cause kinks and visual discontinuities in the profile. Desirably there
should be no change in grade within a distance of 150 m. The directions given in IRC:73 and
IRC:SP:23 should be complied .

Decks of small cross drainage structure (i.e. culverts or minor bridges) shall follow the same
profile as the flanking road section, without any break in the grade line.

The aspect of efficient drainage shall be kept into consideration while designing vertical profile
and cross-sections of the Project Expressway as stipulated in IRC:SP:42 and IRC:SP:50.

The vertical alignment shall be coordinated with the horizontal alignment as indicated in
Section 2.9.5.

2.9.4.2 Gradients

The ruling and limiting gradients are given in Table 2.9.

Table 2.9 Gradients

Terrain Ruling Gradient Limiting Gradient
Plain 2.5 percent 3 percent
Rolling 3 percent 4 percent

Ruling gradient shall be adopted as far as possible. Limiting gradients shall be adopted only
in very difficult situations and for short lengths.

In cut-sections, minimum gradient for drainage considerations is 0.5 percent (1 in 200) if the
side drains are lined; and 1.0 percent (1 in 100) if these are unlined.
 IRC:SP:99-2013

2.9.4.3 Vertical curves

Long sweeping vertical curves shall be provided at all grade changes. Summit curves and
Valley curves shall be designed as square parabolas. The length of the vertical curve is
controlled by sight distance requirements, but desirably curves with longer length shall be
provided from aesthetic considerations. The minimum grade change requiring vertical curve
and the minimum length of vertical curve shall be as given in Table 2.10.
Table 2.10 Minimum Length of Ve"'tiical Curve

Design Minimum Grade Change Minimum Length of

Speed (km/h) Requiring Verti'cal Curve Vertical Curve (m)
120 0.5 percent 100
100 0. 5 percent 85
80 0.6 percent 70

2.9.5 Coordination of horizontal and vertical alignment

The overall appearance of an expressway can be enhanced considerably by judicious

combination of the horizontal and vertical alignments. Plan and profile of the road shall not
be designed independently but in unison, so as to produce an appropriate three-dimensional
effect. Proper co-ordination in this respect will ensure safety, avoid visual discontinuities and
contribute to overall aesthetics.

Vertical curvature superimposed upon horizontal curvature gives a pleasing effect. As such
the vertical and horizontal curves shall coincide as far as possible and their length shall be
more or less equal. If this is difficult for any reason , the horizontal curve shall be somewhat
longer than the vertical curve. Short vertical curve superimposed on long horizontal curve
and vice versa gives distorted appearance and shall be avoided. Sharp horizontal curves
shall be avoided at or near the apex of pronounced summit/sag vertical curves from safety
considerations.
The designer shall check profile design in long continuous plots to help avoid a roller-coaster
profile.

2.10 Lateral and Vertical Clearance at Underpasses

Wherever a cross road is proposed to be taken below the Project Expressway, minimum
clearances at underpasses shall be as follows :

2.10.1 Lateral clearance

i) Full roadway width of the cross road shall be carried through the underpass.
For Vehicular Underpass, the lateral clearance shall not be less than 12 m
(7 m carriageway+ 2 x 2.5 m shoulder width on either side) or as indicated
in Schedule-B of the Concession Agreement.
IRC:SP:99-2013

ii) For Light Vehicular Underpass, the lateral clearance shall not be less than
10.5 m including 1.5 m wide raised footpaths on either side.
iii) For Pedestrian and Cattle Underpasses, the lateral clearance shall not be
less than 7 m.
iv) Crash barriers shall be provided for protection of vehicles from colliding with
the abutments and piers and the deck of t~e structures as per Section-10 of
this Manual.
V

2.10.2 Vertical clearance

Vertical clearance at underpasses shall not be less than the values given in Table 2.11 .

Table 2.11 Vertical Clearance

i) Vehicular Underpass 5.5 m

ii) Light Vehicular Underpass 3.5 m
iii) Pedestrian, Cattle Underpass 3.0 m (to be increased to 4.5 m, in case certain
categories of animals such as elephant/camel are
expected to cross the Project Expressway frequently.
This shall be as specified in Schedule-8 of the
Concession Agreement)

Wherever existing slab/box culverts and bridges allow a vertical clearance of more than 2 m,
these can be used in dry season for pedestrian and cattle crossing by providing necessary
flooring. However, these will not be a substitute for normal requirements of pedestrian and
cattle crossings as per para 2.13.4.

2.11 Lateral and Vertical Clearance at Overpasses

Wherever any structure is provided over the Project Expressway; the minimum clearances
shall be as follows:

2.11 .1 Lateral clearance

Full roadway width for 8-lane carriageway or wider where specified in Schedule-8 of the
Concession Agreement shall be carried through the overpass structure. The abutments and
piers shall be provided with suitable protection against collision of vehicles. Crash barriers
shall be provided on abutment side and on sides of piers for this purpose. The ends of crash
barriers shall be turned away from the line of approaching traffic. The span arrangement for
the overpass structure shall be as specified in Schedule-8 of the Concession Agreement.

2.1 1.2 Vertical clearance

A minimum 5.5 m vertical clearance shall be provided from all points of the carriageway of
the Project Expressway.

16
IRC:SP:99-2013

ii) For Light Vehicular Underpass, the lateral clearance shall not be less than
10.5 m including 1.5 m wide raised footpaths on either side.
iii) For Pedestrian and Cattle Underpasses, the lateral clearance shall not be
less than 7 m.
iv) Crash barriers shall be provided for protection of vehicles from colliding with
the abutments and piers and the deck of tl'f'e structures as per Section-10 of
this Manual.
V

2.10.2 Vertical clearance

Vertical clearance at underpasses shall not be less than the values given in Table 2.11 .

Table 2.11 Vertical Clearance

i) Vehicular Underpass 5.5 m

ii) Light Vehicular Underpass 3.5 m
iii) Pedestrian, Cattle Underpass 3.0 m (to be increased to 4.5 m, in case certain
categories of animals such as elephant/camel are
expected to cross the Project Expressway frequently.
This shall be as specified in Schedule-8 of the
Concession Agreement)

Wherever existing slab/box culverts and bridges allow a vertical clearance of more than 2 m,
these can be used in dry season for pedestrian and cattle crossing by providing necessary
flooring. However, these will not be a substitute for normal requirements of pedestrian and
cattle crossings as per para 2.13.4.

2.11 Lateral and Vertical Clearance at Overpasses

Wherever any structu re is provided over the Project Expressway; the minimum clearances
shall be as follows:

2.11.1 Lateral clearance

Full roadway width for 8-lane carriageway or wider where specified in Schedule-B of the
Concession Agreement shall be carried through the overpass structure. The abutments and
piers shall be provided with suitable protection against collision of vehicles. Crash barriers
shall be provided on abutment side and on sides of piers for this purpose. The ends of crash
barriers shall be turned away from the line of approaching traffic. The span arrangement for
the overpass structure shall be as specified in Schedule-8 of the Concession Agreement.

2.11.2 Vertical clearance

A minimum 5.5 m vertical clearance shall be provided from all points of the carriageway of
the Project Expressway.

16
 IRC:SP:99-2013

2.12 Access Control

2.12.1 Access

Project Expressway shall be designed for fast motorized traffic with full control of access.
Access to the Expressway shall be provided with grade separators at location of intersections.
Parking/standing , loading/unloading of goods and passengers and pedestrians/animals shall
not be permitted on the Expressway. ~

2.12.2 Location of interchange .,,.

The locations of individual interchanges are determined primarily to reduce detour
considering regional network and nearness to places of importance. Location of interchange
is guided by the following situations:
i) At crossing or nearest points of other Expressways, National Highways,
State Highways and important arterial roads.
ii) At crossing or nearest points of major roads to important ports, airports,
material transport facilities, commercial and industrial areas, and places of
tourist •interest.
The interchanges shall be provided at the locations specified in Schedule-B of the
Concession Agreement.

2.12.3 Connecting roads

Connecting roads where required to maintain proper circulation of local traffic, continuity
of travel and to facilitate crossing over to the other side of the Project Expressway through
an under/overpass shall be constructed on the land acquired within the ROW of the Project
Expressway. These shall be provided outside the fencing . The location, length, other details
and specifications of connecting roads, to be constructed by the Concessionaire shall be
specified in Schedule-8 of the Concession Agreement. The width of the connecting road
shall be 7.0 m. The construction and maintenance of connecting roads shall be part of the
Project Expressway.

2.13 Grade Separated Structures

2.13.1 The type, location, length, number and the openings required and approach
gradients for various grade separated structures shall be as specified in Schedule-B of the
Concession Agreement. The approach gradient to the grade separated structure shall not be
steeper than 2.5 percent (1 in 40).

2.13.2 Vehicular Underpass/Overpass

The vehicular under/overpass structures shall be provided at the intersection of the Project
Expressway with all the National Highways, State Highways and Major District Roads.
Under/over passes shall also be provided across other categories of roads which cannot

17
IRC:SP:99-2013

be terminated and are required to be continued across the Project Expressway. For such
intersections where parallel cross roads are located within 2 km distance crossings may
be designed as a staggered crossing by connecting parallel cross roads and taking them
across the Project Expressway through a vehicular underpass/overpass. The vehicular
underpasses/overpasses shall be so located that no vehicle is required to travel more than
2 km on connecting road for crossing over.
4-
The structure may be either an underpass or an overpass depending upon the nature of
terrain, vertical profile of road, availability of adequate right of way, etc. Unless otherwise
specified in Schedule-B of the Concession.,__.Agreement,
. the Project Expressway shall be
carried at the existing level and the entire cost involved in raising or lowering the road would
be included in the cost of the Project Expressway. Decision whether the cross road or the
Project Expressway will be carried at the existing level will be taken at the time of preparing
the feasibility report and would be based on considerations of drainage, land acquisition,
provision of ramps for the grade separated facility, height of embankment and project economy
etc. In built up areas, the Project Expressway shall be elevated on via duct as specified in
Schedule-B of the Concession Agreement.

2.13.3 Light Vehicle Underpass (L VUP)

The location of LVUP shall be specified in Schedule-B of the Concession Agreement.

2.13.4 Cattle and Pedestrian Underpass/Overpass

The crossing facilities shall be provided such that the pedestrians do not have to walk for more
than 500m to reach the crossing point. These shall be provided as specified in Schedule-B
of the Concession Agreement.

i) A PUP/CUP may not be necessary within a distance of 2 km from Vehicular

Underpasses/Overpasses and Light Vehicle Undepasses.
ii) The pedestrian crossings shall have provision for movement of disabled
persons.
iii) Pedestrian underpass/foot over bridge shall also be provided within a distance
of 200m from a school or hospital or factory/industrial area.
2.13.5 ROB/RUBs shall be provided as per Section-6 of this Manual.
2.13.6 Tunnels

Standards for Tunnels shall be as given in Section-? of this Manual.

2.14 Median Openings

2.14.1 Median openings with detachable barrier shall be provided for traffic management
for maintenance works and vehicles involved in accidents. Such barriers shall be located at
ends of interchanges and rest areas. It is desirable to provide median openings with detachable
barriers at about 5 km spacing. Maintenance and emergency crossovers generally should
18
 Ill

IRC:SP:99-2013

not be located on super elevated curves and closer than 450 m to the end of a speed change
taper of a ramp or to any structure.

2.15 Fencing and Boundary Stones

Fencing shall be provided all along the Project Expressway at 2 m inside the ROW boundary
or as specified in Schedule-8 of the Concession Agreement. The fencing shall be of type
and design given in Section-10 of this Manual. The ROW.shall be demarcated by installing
Road Boundary Stones at the edges.

2.16 Typical Cross Sections

Typical cross sections of Project Expressway are given in Figs. 2.1(a), 2.1(b), 2.1(c) and
2.2(a), 2.2(b), 2.2(c).
Fig. 2.1(a) shows typical cross section for 4-lane (2x2) expressway in plain/rolling terrain ,
with depressed median (Future widening inside).
Fig. 2.1(b) shows typical cross section for 6- lane (2x3) expressway in plain/rolling terrain
with depressed median (Future widening inside).

Fig. 2.1 (c) shows typical cross section for 8-lane (2x4) expressway in plain/rolling terrain
with depressed median.

Fig. 2.2(a) shows typical cross section for 4-lane (2x2) expressway in plain/rolling terrain,
with flush median.

Fig. 2.2(b) shows typical cross section for 6-lane (2x3) expressway in plain/rolling terrain,
with flush median.

Fig. 2.2(c) shows typical cross section for 8-lane (2x4) expressway in plain/rolling terrain,
with flush median.
Typical cross sections for culverts, bridges, and grade separated structures are given in
Section-6 of this Manual.
Typical cross sections for tunnels are given in Section-? of this Manual.

2.17 Clear Zone

A clear zone is the unobstructed traversable area provided beyond the edge of the through
carriageway for the recovery of errant vehicles. A clear-zone width of 9-11 m for design
speed of 100-120 km/hour for the errant vehicles leaving the through carriageway to recover
be provided. Embankment slopes of 1V:4H or flatter are recoverable slopes and if it is not
feasible to provide the suggested clear-zone distance from the edge of the carriageway,
a crash barrier should form part of the clear-zone distance. The concept is illustrated in
Fig . 2.3 (adapted from AASHTO Roadside Design Guide).

19
 ~C:SP:99-2013

!.18 Capacity of Expressway

~ural expressways shall be designed for Level of Service-B.

T
For the purpose of design and future augmentation of the Project Expressway, the design
service volume for level of service- B for plain/rolling terrain shall be 1300 PCU/hr/lane. The
design service volume can be determined as per MORTH Guidelines for Expressways. The
design service volume per day will depend on the peak hour flow and will be as specified in
Table 2.12. ""
Table 2.12 Design Service Volume for ~pressways in Plain and
Rolling Terrain (in PCUs/per day) for LOS B
Design Service Volume in PCUs per day for LOS B
4-Lane 6-Lane 8- lane
86,000 for Peak hour flow (6%) 1,30,000 for Peak hour flow (6%) 1,73,000 for Peak hour flow (6%)
65,000 for Peak hour flow (8%) 98,000 for Peak hour flow (8%) 1,30,000 for Peak hour flow (8%)
 :..... ··- - · - · ···· - · •· ··•- < • • · • ' " " ·••
·-· -------· ... ··•· ····· .
90.00 Right of Way
·••·····••· ····-· ····-·
15.50
! l--- 2.00
:' 15.50
55.00 Roadway -+-· -------- ....... . -··· - -1
I !
--i-···· 3.oo I
2.00 ....t
I r ; 3.00 30.00 Median ---i--- -
7.50
--·--r··:7 J ··--·· -
----:.::- 2.00
c'.'
2.00 ---! + ·+ - -7:~~---- -+--·-··--·······--···
(0

~
Carriageway -o ~::>.,:;,
Iii ~:> ::,
ic l;; ' t;; ' Carriageway I Q) 0
0.75 -....! i -... o.i1i _g 'jij _g Cul Slope a,
c'.' 1! ~ al ~
"'
~
::,
~_g iol!
w fl) o.
...J .
.. 1r--
0.75
Edge Strip
Edge Strip \
1

-- ··3,r,
l

2~~%
<l'J WCI)

3%
Verge
Drain
Utility Corridor
i
-
fl)
.g
;i_o/• 1 -~% I ro 3 1:6 1:6--- - \ t-
--Drain With Cover
l 'Fencing FIii Section 1.00
1:6
1.00
-, i-- Cut Section-
-, t- ·-
CL of 2x2 Lane Expressway
Utility Corridor

Fig. 2.1 (a) Typical Cross-section For 4-Lane (2x2) Expressway in Plain or Rolling Terrain
With Depressed Median (Future Widening Inside)
NOTE - All Dimesions are in metres

\~
N
~

90.00 Right of Way --{

i
15.50 2.00
55.00 Roadway -·· --r· -·-- --- -----~
i
i- -
!
2.00 15_._5~------- ---·--·---r
-
3.00
11 .25 •·,::::: .... I 2.00 \',
2.00
3.00 11.25 22.50 Median ... ·-r···: .---·····-··
,

c'.'
-j :(S-·+ - ·--c~;~geway -j-·· Carriageway t ·c:: to "'
-0 -0 ":!2 ~
~ "5 € 5
" "i ~"
::,
0.75
~:E
€ 5 > 0
--....! l- 0:75 If_ g,l'l i';i Cul Slope
0
a,
c'.'
"'
-0
C
::,
~ m :. ff,
- ~i~~_§lrip
Edge Sl!iP
3% 2.5%
verge
3% Drain
Utility Corridor
i
2.5%

--
0
a, 3% ~6 ~-.6 ~ -Drain With Cover
1.00
~ ·----1 ~ ---1--~-~-- --- - Cul Sectio n - ::0
()
CL of 2x3 Lane Expressway
Utility Corridor (/)
-u
<O
Fig. 2.1(b) Typical Cross-section For 6-Lane (2x3) Expressway in Plain or Rolling Terrain <O
I
N
With Depressed Median (Future Widening Inside) 0
~
(.,.)
NOTE - All Dimesions are in metres
 90.00 Right of Way
;;o
0
'- 2.00 (J)
15.50 -,
55.00 Roadway -+- I
-0
15.50 3.00 . c.o
2.00
-j- 3.00 15.00 Median . 15.00 ~ --\ r- 2.00 c.o
2.00
. -\ -i~----r-...
15.00
~-t- ··-~ ·- -r- l .... :.C:.,.....I N
I

- _, Carriageway
1 I Carriageway .,
-g ~ €~
i':'
<O
'O
C
0
-'-
~ ~ ~~
0.75 0.75
C:"
<l>B
,:; :::, "
-o "
~
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r jg
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t:: 0 >n) 0

~
(O.C: .s::::,
i':' WCI) 0.. en
<O _ Edge Strip Edge Strip Cul Slope Utility Corridor
'O
C
3% · ' "jo,( 2 0 Verge
5 2.5% - 1:6 \·.\i - 0 -~ - ~% Drain
a, 3%
- - Drain With Cover
~ -, t-
1.00 1.00
-, r- Cut Section -
- F I i i Section
CL of 2x4 Lane Expressway
Utility Corridor

Fig. 2.1(c) Typical Cross-section For 8-Lane (2x4) Expressway in Plain or Rolling Terrain
With Depressed Median (Future Widening Inside) NOTE - All Dimesions are in metres

1;

90.00 Right of Way - :

r
I - 28.25 T -i 2.00
29.50 Roadway 3.oo T
2.00 rT 28.25 - ,-
2,?~..- _;
3.00
+--:--t- . 1.50 T 4.50-r 1.so ..:P,---tI r·
I
2.00
(I.
i':'

C
1

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-
(I)
:2
,:; :::,
'

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(I)
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(I)
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'
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I

al
5
> .c
(0
<ii
32
c:
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n)
~
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<O
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al
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ro.c <O .c

~
'O
w CJ) 0.. CJ)
Utility Corridor &
C
:::, 2.5% 2.5% 3%
3%
al
& - F i l l Section 2.25 -1 -1- ~ 2:25
- - Drain With Cover

Utility Corridor
l-- 'C L of 2x2 Lane Expressway
Cut Section -

Fig. 2.2(a) Typical Cross-section For 4-Lane (2x2) Expressway in Plain or Rolling Terrain

With Flush Medain

NOTE - All Dimesions are in metres
 90.00 Right of Way
,-
i
i 2.00
37.00 Road way 24.50
-.;
2.00 -j :- . 24.50
·-r- -+-

-
3.00
I 2 .00
. 3.00
11.25 4.50 11.25 '-.:. 2.00
...I! ~ I - T ! !
-.-!-· -l

C:"'
"'"O
.c::; al> ~0
:;; Carriageway Median Carriageway
I

Q)
~
'

"'C:.,
-oBa>:2
::, J: ::,
~

..
<!'
'O
C
..: 0
> 0 -C:: 0
m.cro.c
<!' '11.C:
UJ CI)
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Cut Slope
-g Utility Corridor ~
IXl
5 3% 2.5% 2.5% 3%

& FIii Section

2.25
-~ -i
.
-+- I-
2.25 - Drain With Cover

Utility Corridor f-- CL of 2x3 Lane Expressway

Cut Section-

Fig. 2.2(b) Typical Cross-section For 6-Lane (2x3) Expressway in Plain or Rolling Terrain

With Flush Medain

NOTE - All Dimesions are in metres

N •'.
w
90.00 Right of Way 7
· 20.75 44.50 Roadway -- .T ... 20.75 T 7·2.oo
2.00 - - ··T · ~~--~9 3.00
2 .0~ -, f T 15.00
- -r·
4.50 15.00
'.
~... -:
i
, --- 2.0~
ti, ~
'O
C
Carriageway Median Carriageway ~ ~

~
~ ~ ., C: .,
C O> O> -0320>:E
Q) :g "O 32
.c ::, ., ::, !l! il € il
<!'
::,
'CO
m.c
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> 0
n,.c
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ca .c co ..c:
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Cut Slope
&
'O
C Utility Corridor
:,
0 2.5% 2.5% 3%
(D 3%

~ - FlllSection
2 .25 f- 2 :25
-_ _ Drain With Cover

Uliily Corridor CL of 2x4 Lane Expressway

Cut Section -
::u
0
Cl)
"1J
Fig. 2.2(c) Typical Cross-section For 8-Lane (2x4) Expressway in Plain or Rolling Terrain <D
<D
I
N
With Flush Medain 0
-"-
NOTE - All Dimesions are in metres w
IRC:SP:99-2013

---- Clear-Zone Distance 11 .00 --

Clear Runout Area*

-
'-
I
Carriageway ------ 3 . 0 0 - - - 4.0o- -
2.00

'-
2.00 - ------
,__.L _ _ 2.00
Q) C Q) d,
"O 32 Q) "O
Q) ::, .c
t:: 0
s
> 0
ro .c ro .c
Q. CJ) w CJ)

Recoverable Slope
1V:4H or Flatter I
Slope
Non
I
Recoverable Slope
1V:4H or Flatter

(Traversable Slope)

* The Clear Runout Area is Additional Clear-Zone Space that is Needed Because a Portion of the Suggested
Clear-Zone (Shaded Area) Falls on a Non-Recoverable Slope.
Fig 2.3 Clear Zone

NOTE - All Dimesions are in metres

24
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-3
GRADE SEPARATORS AND INTERCHANGES

3.1 Introduction

The intersections to be provided shall be one of the following types:

i) Grade Separators (Grade separated Intersections without ramps)
;;!,

ii) Interchanges
The types and locations of Grade Separators ..(Grade-separated Intersections without ramps)
and Interchanges shall be based on requirements stipulated in MORTH Guidelines for
Expressways. These shall be specified in Schedule-B of the Concession Agreement.

3.2 Grade Separators

3.2.1 The access from the Project Expressway to the cross roads in case of Grade
Separators shall be through the nearest interchange.

3.2.2 Geometric standards for design

The geometric design standards for various elements of Grade Separators shall be as given in
MORTH Guidelines for Expressways except as otherwise indicated in this Manual. Gradient
for approaches shall not be steeper than 2.5 percent (1 in 40).

3.2.3 Design of structures

Design of structures shall conform to Section-6 of this Manual. Minimum length of viaduct
required to be provided shall be specified in Schedule-B of the Concessionaire Agreement.

3.3 Interchanges

3.3.1 Types of Interchanges

There are two broad categories of Interchanges, based on traffic exchange:

i) Service Interchanges : This refers to an interchange of the Expressway
with a road less in importance than Expressway.
For this category, it is considered that Expressway shall be a toll road ,
and the other intersecting road shall be a "non-tolled" road or a road with
open system of tolling with the toll plaza on the other road minimum 2 km
away. This requires the consideration of tolling system which considers a
barrier system as well as toll booths on the interchange ramps. This requires
provision of appropriate deceleration and acceleration lanes and operating
speed limitations in the interchange areas.

25
IRC:SP:99-2013

ii) System Interchanges : This refers to an interchange between two

Expressways
For this category, since both the intersecting routes are toll roads under
closed system, toll booths on ramps are not required. The system needs
to cater for high speed operation. The toll collection arrangements need to
be considered on integrated basis between the two involved expressway
stretches. The modalities need to be suitably addressed.

3.3.2 Service interchanges

Generally, Trumpet-type and T-type lnterct:J.anges are the preferred configuration. The
advantages are;
i) Suitable for three way junction with no weaving,
ii) Limited requirement of ROW area,
iii) Single point toll plaza,
Diamond and Cloverleaf Interchanges require a number of toll plazas on entry/exit ramps,
whereas Trumpet-type or T-type Interchanges require single toll plaza.

3.3.3 System int~rchanges

System interchanges are to handle high volume of traffic. The connecting ramps can be
directional, semi-directional and large radius loops as well. The aspect of toll sharing between
adjacent concessionaires shall be integrated. The basic forms may comprise of three legs or
four legs.
For Three Leg Interchanges, the T-type configuration would require larger loops and semi
directional ramps of larger radius based on traffic volumes. This may also require catering
for frontage road.
For Four Leg Interchanges, the forms may be Diamond, clover leafs directional and semi
directional interchanges and composite interchanges requiring combinations of straight,
curved or with loops and weaving. These configurations generally require multi-level structures.
Fig. 3.1 presents illustrative service and system interchanges.

3.3.4 Ramp types

Ramps are provided at interchanges for desired turning movements. Based on movement
requirements, the connecting ramps may be classified as Direct, Semi-direct and Loop ramps
(Fig. 3.2).

3.3.5 Spacing between interchanges

Interchange spacing is based upon demand for access from the important cross roads ,
adequate distance to provide for signing and weaving and permit sufficient lengths of
speed change lanes for respective adjacent interchange to operate safely and efficiently

26
 IRC:SP:99-2013

at a desired level of service. For expressways, a spacing of 3 km is absolute minimum

from deceleration, weaving and acceleration consideration. For spacing less than 3 km, both
the interchange shall be considered as a combined one. For expressways, a spacing of
20-30 km is desirable.

3.3.6 Ramp design speed

Recommended design speeds for interchange ramps are giYen in Table 3.1 .
Table 3.1 Recommended Design Speeds for Ramps
~Range of Expressway Design Speeds (km/h)
100-120 80-100
Configuration Type of Ramp
Range of Ramp Design Speeds
Semi-Direct 50-70 40- 60
System Interchange Loop 70-90 60-80
Direct 80-100 70-90
Semi-Direct 40-60 40-60
Service Interchange Loop 60-80 60-70
Direct 60-90 60-80

3.3. 7 Ramp width and cross-section

The ramp shall have two lanes. The ramp cross-section showing carriageway width and
shoulder (both paved and earthen) is given in Fig. 3.3 for two way two lane ramps on tangent
alignment. The width of paved and earthen shoulders considered here are for interchange
ramp design only. Applicable extra wide carriageway shall be provided, as needed from ramp
radius consideration.

3.3.8 Acceleration/deceleration lanes

Each entry and exit ramp shall have acceleration/deceleration lane for the Project Expressway.
The length of the acceleration/deceleration lanes shall be decided on the basis of speed
differentials of the Project Expressway traffic and the speed permitted on the ramps.
Drivers exiting an interchange are required to reduce speed to meet with toll payment where
such a scheme exists. Drivers entering an expressway from a ramp accelerate until the
adjacent through lane speed is reached.

For safety, expressway exits should be located on tangent sections, wherever possible
to provide maximum sight distance and optimum traffic manoeuverability operation. Th e
following recommendations should be considered from safety aspect.

Typical requirements of Acceleration length and Deceleration length and speed change
length adjustment factors are presented in Table 3.2 and Table 3.3. For flat grade exceeding
2 percent, adjustment factors given in MORTH Guidelines for Expressways shall apply.

27
IRC:SP:99-2013

Table 3.2 Minimum Acceleration Lengths for Entry

(Grades of 2 percent or Less)

Acceleration Length L (m)

Expressway Design
V' Speed on Entry Curve at A (km/h)
Speed V (km/h)
40 50 60 70 80 or more
...
80 145 115 65 - -
100 285 255 205 110 40
120 490 460 410 325 245

V = Design speed of expressway

V' = Design speed of entry curve

Table 3.3 Minimum Deceleration Lengths for Exit

(Grades of 2 percent or Less)

Expressway Design Deceleration Length L (m)

Speed V (km/h) V' Speed on Exit Curve at A (km/h)
40 50 60 70 80 or more
80 100 90 80 55 -
100 145 135 120 100 85
120 175 170 155 140 120

TAPER TYPE PARALLEL TYPE

V = Design speed of expressway

V' = Design speed of exit ramp

Note: For parallel type, a taper rate may be 8:1 for design speed up to 50 km/h and 15:1 for design
speed of 80 km/h. For intermediate values of design speed, suitable rate of taper be adopted.

28
 IRC:SP:99-2013

3.4 Detailed Design and Data Reports

The Concessionaire shall submit the details of the ground surveys, traffic data, traffic
forecast, design and drawings of the intersections and interchanges showing all safety
features to the Independent Engineer for review and comments, if any.

Service Interchanges .!,

Double Trumpet Trumpet + T

Service Interchanges

[c"i Trumpet-ty
cc,~ e

t A) (Bl
(Al (D)

(ol (bl

T-type
{C)

System Interchanges

~r(.;·~-~
~ P : : : r l e af-type

(Cl
( b)

Fig. 3.1 Service and System Interchanges

29

-- -------------
IRC:SP:99-2013

SEMI-DIRECTIONAL RAMP LOOP RAMP

DIRECTIONAL RAMP

DIRECTIONAL RAMP

Fig. 3.2 Different Types of Ramps

<r.
I
I

10
1000(PS) 3750(CIW) 3750(CJW) 1000(PS)

1000(ES) 200(EdS) I
200(EdS) 1000(ES)

I
I

I
an
I

HE 2.5% 2.5%

/
3%
l 3%

LEGEND:
C/W - Carriageway
PS - Paved Shoulder
ES - Earthen Shoulder
EdS - Edge Strip

Note: All Dimensions shown are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated

Fig. 3.3 Ramp Cross-Section

 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-4
EMBANKMENT AND CUT SECTIONS

4.1 General
4.1.1 The design and construction of the road in embankment and in cutting shall be
carried out in accordance with Section 300 of MORTH Specifications and the requirements,
and standards and specifications given in this Section. This SBction also covers specifications
for subgrade and earthen shoulders.

4.1.2 The final centre line of the road and.,.t he road levels shall be fixed duly considering
all the relevant factors covering structural soundness, safety and functional requirements as
per relevant IRC Codes and provisions of this Manual.

4.1 .3 In plain terrain, the level of the expressway will generally be controlled by drainage
and earthwork considerations and can be constructed near ground level where no flooding
is reported/observed and the Water Table is not high. In rolling terrain where fill material is
available from cuttings, the embankment could be sufficiently raised to permit construction of
underpasses without lowering the level of cross roads . The principles given in para 4.2 below
shall be followed for fixing the height of the embankment.

4.2 Embankment

4.2.1 The height of the embankment shall be measured with respect to the finished road
levels. The following principles shall be kept in view while fixing the road level:
i) No section of the road is overtopped. The top of sub-grade shall be at least
0.5 m above the general ground level.
ii) The bottom of sub-grade shall be at least 1.0 m above the high flood level/high
water table/pond level. The HFL should be decided by intelligent inspections,
local observations, enquiries and studying the past records . This shall be
relevant to situations where road alignment is sited within the flood plains or
in the vicinity of water bodies or where ponding of water is encountered and
cannot be efficiently drained.
iii) To fulfil the minimum free board requirement and provide smooth vertical
profile for portions forming approaches to structures.
4.2.2 Structural Features and Design of Embankment
4.2.2.1 To attain a natural appearance along the roadside, the side slopes should be as
flat as possible and rounded. The slopes should be designed from stability considerations and
to provide a reasonable opportunity for a driver to recover control of an errant vehicle. If the
right of way or other constraints make it impractical to provide recoverable slopes, it would be
necessary to provide a safety barrier. Embankment slopes 1V:4H or flatter are recoverable
slopes. Fixed obstacles such as culvert headwalls shall not extend above the fill slope within
the clear zone distance. Embankment slopes between 1V:3H and 1V:4H are traversable but
non-recoverable and a clear run-out area at the base is desirable as shown in Fig. 2.3.
IRC:SP:99-2013

4.2.2.2 Embankment with height 6.0 m or above shall be designed in accordance with
IRC:75 taking into account slope stability, bearing capacity, consolidation, settlement and
safety considerations based on geotechnical and investigation data. Where the embankment
is to be supported on a weak stratum, appropriate remedial/ground improvement measures
shall be taken.
4.2.2.3 The side slopes shall be protected against erosion b~ providing a suitable vegetative
cover, kerb and channel, chute, stone/cement concrete block pitching or any other suitable
protection measures depending on the height of_Jhe embankment and susceptibility of soil to
erosion. Drainage arrangement shall be provided as per Section-6 of this Manual.

4.2.3 Use of pond ash for embankment construction

Where pond ash is used for embankment construction in pursuance of the instructions of the
Ministry of Environment and Forests or otherwise, the embankment shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with IRC:SP:58.

4.3 Roadway in Cutting

The road level shall be.fixed, keeping in view the provisions of relevant IRC Codes, and the
side slopes of the cut section shall be governed by the type of soil met with. Generally, the
side slopes shall be as given in Table 4.1. The slopes should be evaluated with regard to
soil stability and potential crash severity. Desirably, the toe of the rock-cut slope should be
located beyond the minimum lateral distance from the edge of the carriageway needed by
the driver of an errant vehicle to either regain control or to slow down the vehicle.
Table 4.1 Slopes and Cut Sections

Type of Soil Slope (H:V)

1) Ordinary Soil 3:1 to 2:1

2) Rock ½:1 to ½: 1 (depending upon quality of rock)

4.4 Soil Investigations and Design Report

4.4.1 General
The Concessionaire shall carry out necessary soil surveys, and field and laboratory
investigations for selecting appropriate borrow pits, identifying and treating problematic ground
locations, if any, and for finalizing structural features and design of the embankment and cut
sections and establishing improved ground properties. A report on the soil investigations
shall be furnished along with the design to the Independent Engineer.
 ---. .--

IRC:SP:99-2013

4.4.2 Soil investigations for embankment

Soil investigations shall cover the following:

i) Soil investigations and tests in accordance with the requirements specified

in IRC:SP: 19 and shall be reported in the Proforma given in Table 1 of
IRC: SP:19. In addition to this, all tests as per the requirements of MORTH
Specifications shall be reported. <l

ii) In respect of embankments with height more than 6 m, additional investigations

and soil tests as per IRC:75~and Appendix 10 of IRC:SP:19.
iii) Information regarding the topography, high flood level, natural drainage
conditions, highest sub-soil water level, and the nature and extent of
inundation , if any.
iv) The characteristics of embankment foundation including the presence of any
unsuitable/weak strata, marshy areas, water logged areas, etc.
v) Along the alignment of the road, where unstable strata, soft material or poor
subsoil conditions have been met with at the foundation level, the soil profile
shall be drawn after determining through borings, the type of soil at different
levels. The borings shall be at maximum interval of 100 m to a depth of
2 m or more below the existing ground as necessary. In the case of high
embankments, the borings shall be taken down to a depth equal to twice the
height of the embankment.
vi) Any particular construction problems of the area or other important
features.
vii) Geotechnical properties of pond ash, covering parameters specified in
Table 1 of IRC:SP:58 and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) - dry density
relationship for heavy compaction. This information shall be furnished , in
case pond ash is used in embankment construction.

4.4.3 Soil investigations for cut sections

Soil investigations and tests shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements specified
in IRC:SP:19 and information regarding depth of water table, seepage flow, presence of any
weak, unstable or problematic strata.

4.4.4 Design report

The Concessionaire shall prepare the design report with all relevant details including the
following:
i) Road Embankment
a) The detailed design of the embankment, remedial/ground improvement
treatment where required. For embankments with height more than
6 m, construction methodology should also be included.

33
IRC:SP:99-2013

b) Design of retaining walls/reinforced earth structures.

c) Design of protection measures for embankment slope and drainage
arrangement.
d) Design of pond ash embankment in case use of pond ash is
proposed.
e) Any additional information relevant to the design of embankment.
ii) Cut Section ~

a) Type of cutting involved and proposed cut slopes shall be provided in

accordance with the ..nature of the soil encountered. Where required,
benching including use of slope stability measures like pitching, breast
walls, etc. shall be adopted to make the slopes stable and safe.
b) Design and details of erosion control, slope protection measures, etc.
c) In cut sections in hilly terrain , the problem of seepage flow is common.
Where such conditions exist, necessary measures shall be taken
including provision of deep side drains to intercept the seepage flow and
discharge the drained water into suitable outlets to avoid any damage
to road and cut slopes. Design and details of drainage arrangement for
sub-soil and surface water shall be furnished . It should be ensured that
rain water and seepage water is quickly drained out. The gradient of
drain shall not be flatter than 1 in 200.
d) Any other additional information relevant to the design of cut slopes.

34
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-5
PAVEMENT DESIGN

5.1 General

5.1.1 The design and construction of pavement shall be carried out in accordance with
the criteria, standards and specifications given in this Section. Where alternative specifications
or materials are proposed to bring in innovation in desig wetc., provisions of para 1.10 of this
Manual shall apply.

5.1.2 The design of pavement shall take into account all relevant factors for assuring
reliable performance, surface characteristics and shall satisfy the specified minimum
performance requirements.

5.1.3 The Concessionaire shall undertake th e necessary soil, material and pavement
investigations and traffic volume and axle load studies in accordance with the good industry
practice for preparing detailed designs.

5.1.4 The materials, mixes and construction praclic sl1all meet the requirements
prescribed in the MORTH/IRC Specifications or recognis d lnlorna tional specifications for
performance specific mixes.

5.1.5 Where problematic conditions such as expanslv oils, swamps or marshes,

flooding, poor drainage, frost susceptible areas etc. are fou nd to xlsl , adequate measures
shall be designed and adopted to deal with such site conditions.

5.2 Type of Pavement

5.2.1 The Authority may require provision of specific typ (fl xlble/rigid) of pavement
depending upon specific site conditions. Such requiremer,t ~1all be as specified in
Schedule-8 of the Concession Agreement. Unless otherwise sp citied in Schedule-8,
the Concessionaire may adopt any type (flexible/rigid) of pl v mont structure for new
construction.

5.3 Method of Design-New Pavements

5.3.1 Design of flexible pavement

The pavement shall be designed to ensure the specified performance for the projected
traffic needs, climate and type of soils in the given area. The Concessionaire is expected
to use a design procedure that is appropriate to produce a cost-effective structure meeting
the performance requirements and long term durability. The Concessionaire may use
IRC:37 'Tentative Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements" or it may use any
internationally accepted design procedure that is based on past performance and research.
It will be the Concessionaire's responsibility to provide a pavement structure that fully meets
the prescribed performance requirements throughout the operation period .

35
IRC:SP:99-2013

5.3.2 Design of rigid pavement

Jointed rigid pavement shall be designed in accordance with the method prescribed in
IRC:58 "Guidelines for the Design of Plain Jointed Rigid Pavements for Highways".

Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements (CRCP) shall be designed as per any recognised
international guidelines which shall be subject to approval by the Independent Engineer.
.d,

5.4 Design Requirements for New Pavement Sections

5.4.1 Flexible pavement-design period and·strategy

i) Flexible pavement shall be designed for a minimum design period of 20 years
or operation period, whichever is more.
ii) Alternative strategies or combination of initial design, strengthening and
maintenance can be developed by the Concessionaire to provide the
specified level of pavement performance over the operation period subject
to satisfying the following minimum design and performance requirements.
a) The pavement shall be designed to resist specific distresses in each
layer and the choice of materials and mixes shall be such that the
pavement remains structurally serviceable throughout the operation
period without requiring any major structural strengthening. The
requirement and frequency of resurfacing should not be closer than
10 years. A longer period will be desirable. The resurfacing process
will be milling the existing layer to the depth of distress and replacing
the same by the material that meets the characteristics of the original
surface.
b) The pavement strengthening when required shall incorporate the
consideration of (i) strength of existing layers as evaluated using
deflection testing by FWD, (ii) design period for strengthening to
extend five years beyond the period of concession, and (iii) specified
performance requirements.

5.4.2 Rigid pavement-design period and strategy

i) Rigid pavement shall be designed for a minimum design period of 30 years
or operation period, whichever is more.
ii) The Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC) shall rest over Dry Lean Concrete
1
(DLC) subbase of 150 mm thickness.
iii) The PQC shall be of a grade not lower than M-40.
iv) The DLCwill meet the minimum cement and compressive strength requirement
as prescribed in IRC:SP:49. DLC will extend beyond the PQC (including that
in shoulder, if any) by 1.0 m on either side.

36
 IRC:SP:99-2013

v) Below DLC layer, a properly designed drainage layer of 150 mm thickness

shall be provided throughout the road width. It shall be designed to obtain a
drainage coefficient of not less than 30 m per day.

5.4.3 Pavement Performance Requirements

i) The pavement structure shall be capable of giving the specified performance
over the entire operation period. s.

ii) The flexible pavement surface shall satisfy the following standards:
a) Surface Finish: As per requirements of Clauses 902 nd 903 of MORTH
Specifications.
b) Roughness: In each lane measured by calibrated Bump lntogrator :
Not more than1800 mm/km for each lane in a km lengl11.
c) Rutting: In wheel path measured by 3 m Straight Edg : NII
d) Cracking or any other distress: Nil
e) Surface macro-texture depth for satisfactory skid resisl~nc : Nol less
_than 1.00 mm (measured by sand patch test).
iii) The new rigid pavement shall satisfy the following standards:
a) Surface Finish: As per requirements of Clauses 902 and 03 ol MORTH
Specifications.
b) Roughness: In each lane measured by calibrated Bump Int gr 1lor: Not
more than1800 mm/km for each lane in a km length.
c) Cracking distress, texture as specified in IRC:15 and IRC: P:83.
iv) During the operation period, the pavement surface roughn · or any
structural or functional distress shall not exceed the valu ' P clnod in
Schedule-K of the Concession Agreement. Periodic condition rlf b ment
surveys shall be conducted to monitor surface condition to track l l rlor lion
with time and to take appropriate timely corrective and prev nllv rn o ' lJr0S.
Generally, the flexible pavement condition in terms of roughn ss, er eking
and rutting should not deteriorate to the maximum valu s I HI d in
Schedule-K of the Concession Agreement, earlier than 10 y Ar~ from the
year of initial construction.
v) During the operation and maintenance period, the pavement lr ngth shall
be evaluated periodically through deflection measurements {I f r to para
5.6 (ii) of this Section) and the stretches exhibiting any structur I deficiency
shall be rectified.

37
IRC:SP:99-2013

5.5 Design Traffic

5.5.1 The design traffic shall be estimated in terms of cumulative number of standard
axles (8160 kg) to be carried by the pavement during the design period.
5.5.2 Estimate of the initial daily average traffic flow shall be based on determination of
diverted traffic, induced and development traffic. ,d,

5.5.3 Any likely change in traffic due to future development plans, land use, shall be
duly considered in estimating the design traffic.
5.5.4 Traffic growth rate shall be estimated for each category of commercial vehicles
to be considered for design of pavement. For traffic projections, the procedure outlined in
IRC:108 may be followed. The Concessionaire shall adopt a realistic value of the rate of traffic
growth, provided that annual rate of growth of commercial vehicles shall not be adopted less
than 5 percent.

5.6 Performance Evaluation

i) Roughness in each lane for full length shall be measured twice a year using
appropriate approved method and equipment.
ii) The structural evaluation of the pavement shall be made by taking deflection
measurements by FWD every 3 years in accordance with the procedure laid
down in IRC guidelines for structural evaluation and strengthening of flexible
road pavements using FWD, unless needed earlier for stretches exhibiting
severe distress during the operation and maintenance period.
iii) Other surface characteristics such as cracking, rutting. skid resistance shall
be measured periodically at least once a year or earlier where required.

5.7 Strengthening of Existing Flexible Pavement

5.7.1 Where strengthening of pavement is needed , a detailed pavement condition

survey and evaluation shall be carried out to determine
i) The extent of distress and nature of deficiency in the existing pavement
structure, and
ii) Whether any special treatments e.g. provision for remedying reflection
cracking, pavement internal drainage, subgrade improvement reconstruction,
or rectification of any other deficiencies are warranted.

5.7.2 Necessary corrective measures to treat the identified deficiency shall be taken
with strengthening of the pavement.
5.7.3 In stretches where the pavement is damaged/deteriorated to such an extent
that the use of FWD method may not result in a realistic assessment of the strengthening
treatment, pavement shall be designed as new pavement.

38
 IRC:SP:99-2013

5.7.4 No granular layer shall be provided over an existing bituminous surfacing.

5.7.5 Design of overlay

i) The design of pavement strengthening shall be undertaken on the basis of the

procedure outlined in "Guidelines for Structural Evaluation and Strengthening
of Flexible Road Pavements using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)"

ii) The design period will be as specified in para 5.4.1 of th is Section.

.,,.
iii) The design traffic will be estimated as per the procedur described in
para 5.5.

iv) The thickness of bituminous overlay for pavement strength nir 19 hali not
be less than 50 mm bituminous concrete, after attending to th r q1ilr rnents
of profile corrective course.

5.7.6 Bituminous mix for overlay

i) The _specifications for the bituminous mixes for the over! y hnll b as
specified for bituminous surfacing for new pavement sections.

ii) Design of recycled mix where provided shall conform to the r (Juir tr1 nls
of Clause 519 of MORTH Specifications or any recognised lnl rn lional
specifications to meet the performance requirements for the proj cl cJ lramc
and life.

5.7.7 Pavement performance requirements and evaluation

i) The strengthened pavement shall satisfy the performance slnncl rcJ and
maintenance requirements specified for new pavements in this Mnnu • I and
Schedule-K of the Concession Agreement.

ii) The performance measurement and evaluation will be done as giv n In this
Manual.

5.8 Paved Shoulders and Edge Strips

The thickness and composition of the paved shoulder and edge strip shall b m as that
of the main carriageway.

5.9 Design Report

The Concessionaire shall prepare a design report and submit it to the Independent Engineer
for review and co mments. The pavement design proposals formulated based on the detailed
investigations as required as per the relevant design Manual/Guidelines shall be submitted

39
IRC:SP:99-2013

with the following details,and other additional details specific to the type of pavement
proposed.
i) Soil investigation data for new pavements as per Table 13.2 of IRC:SP:19.
Report shall include OMC-dry density relationship with heavy compaction
and soaked CBR values in addition to other data and information as per the
prescribed Proforma.
~

ii) Test values of aggregate for pavement courses as per Tables 13.3 and 13.4
of IRC:SP:19. All tests as per requirements of MORTH Specifications shall
be reported in addition to the tests and information included in the above
mentioned Tables.
iii) Estimation of traffic growth, axle load and VDF and traffic projections for
pavement design.
iv) Any other relevant information required by the Independent Engineer for
review and comments, if any.

40
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-6
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

6.1 General
i) All structures shall be designed in accordance with the relevant Codes,
Standards and Specifications, SpecialRublications and Guidelines of the
Indian Roads Congress. Construction of all culverts, bridges and grade
separated structures shall conform to MORTH Specifications for Road and
Bridge Works. •.·
ii) Unless specified otherwise in Schedule-8 of the Concession Agreement,
the provision of bridges and grade separated structures shall be as follows:
a) For the initial 4-lane configuration of the Expressway, the structures
shall be of 4-lane Standards.
b) When Expressway is widened from 4-lane. to 6/8 lane at a future date,
existing structures shall be configured to 8-lane Standards.
c) For the initial 6-lane and 8-lane Expressway, the structures shall be of
8-lane Standards
iii) All bridges and grade separated structures shall have independent structure
for each direction of travel.
iv) All bridges shall be of high level type.
v) The width of median in the cu lvert and bridge portion shall, as far as possible,
be kept same as that in the approaches. In case width of median is different
from that of approach section due to site constraints, transition of 1 in 50
shall be provided near approaches for guiding vehicular traffic.
vi) Suitable provision shall be made for retaining the earth in the median portion
either by extending the abutment wall or constructing a new retaining wall.
The abutment wall shall have provision for taking the discharge from the
median.
vii) Duct for utility service shall be provided on all the structures and the details for
the same shall be specified in Schedule-8 of the Concession Agreement.

6.2 Design Loads and Stresses

i) The design loads and stresses shall be as per IRC:6 appropriate for the
width of carriageway, velocity of stream, location, altitude, environment, etc.
ii) All structures shall be designed for the condition when paved shoulder and
edge strip on median side is also used as carriageway.
iii) All the components of structures shall be designed for a service life of
100 years except appurtenances like crash barriers, wearing surface,
expansion joints and bearings. All the requirements to achieve durability
IRC:SP:99-2013

and serviceability shall be implemented in design, construction and

maintenance.

6.3 Width of Structures

Width of the culverts, bridges and grade separated structures shall be adopted as below:
~

i) Culverts
a) The pipe culverts shall extend up to a distance of clear zone as defined
in Section-2 of this Manual, on either side.of carriageway. The side
slopes at the culvert shall be same as of the adjoining embankment
and may be achieved by reducing the cushion over pipe.

b) For the slab and box type culverts, the outer face of the left crash barrier
on the structure shall be in line with the outer edge of the earthen
shoulder. On the inner side, the culvert shall E1Xtend upto full width of
median. Joint between the structures of two sides may be provided at
the middle of median.

c) ·The slope of the adjoining embankment shall be suitably graded to

merge with the top level of culvert with longitudinal slope not steeper
than 6H:1V.
Cross-sections of the pipe culverts for a 4/6/8 lane expressway are
given in Figs. 6.1 a, 6.1 b and 6.1 c respectively for depressed median
and in Figs. 6.2a, 6.2b and 6.2c respectively for flush type median on
approaches.

Cross section of the slab and box type culverts for a 4/6/8 lane expressway
are given in Fig. 6.3a, 6.3b, 6.3c respectively for depressed median
and in Figs. 6.4a, 6.4b and 6.4c respectively for flush type median.on
approaches.

ii) Bridges and Grade Separated Structures/ROBs

The overall width of structures shall be such that the outer face of left crash
barrier on the structure is in line with outer edge of earthen shoulder and
inside crash barrier is located at a clear distance of 0.75 from the edge of
outermost carriageway of adjoining road (the paved edge strip of 0.75 m on
median side shall continue on the structure also).

Cross section of bridges and grade separated structures for a 4/6/8-lane

expressway for one side are given in Figs. 6.5a, 6.5b and 6.5c respectively.
These are applicable both for depressed median and flush type median on

42
 IRC:SP:99-2013

the approaches.

6.4 Structure Types

The Concessionaire may choose any type of structure and structure system commensurate
with safety, serviceability and durability requirements. The general guidelines as below shall
be followed :
i) The type and span arrangement may be such as to provide riding comfort.
ii) Wherever box girders are•.· proposed for superstructure, the minimum
clear depth inside the box shall be 1.50 m with suitable openings in the
diaphragms and box to facilitate inspection. Haunches of minimum size of
300 mm (horizontal) and 150 mm (vertical) shall be provided at the extreme
corners of the box section. Suitable arrangements for lighting shall be made
to enable inspection of the box.
iii) The following types of structures shall not be accepted.
a) Drop in spans with halved joints (articulations)
b) . Trestle type frames for substructures
iv) If construction of structures like cabl stayed suspension bridge or with
special techniques is envisaged. It sh II be specified in Schedule-B of the
Concession Agreement. Similarly, in c se minimum span length, spacing
between joints, obligatory span(s), tc are desired, the same shall be
specified in Schedule-B of the Concession Agreement.
v) In case span length is specified in Schedule-B of the Concession Agreement,
the Concessionaire shall have option to adopt larger span length but not
reduce them. The change in span length as above shall not be treated as
change in scope provided the total length of structure is not less than that
specified in Schedule-B of the Cone sslon Agreement.

6.5 Temporary Works

6.5.1 Form work

The Concessionaire shall be responsible for the safe, workable design and methodology
for all temporary or permanent forms, staging and centering required for supporting and
forming the concrete of shape, dimensions and surface finish as shown on the drawings
(Refer IRC:87). Adequate foundation for the staging shall be ensured. Redundancy in support
system shall also be ensured by providing diagonals and additional members.

The following guidelines shall be adopted:

i) Formwork shall be of steel, marine ply or laminated plywood .
ii) Only such shuttering oil (release agent) shall be used, which permits easy
removal of shutters without leaving stains or other marks on the surface of

43
IRC:SP:99-2013

the concrete. Requirements given under Clause 3.5 of IRC:87 shall also be
complied with.
iii) In case of tubular staging of heights more than 10 m, special attention shall
be paid to the structural adequacy of the system, efficacy of the connections
(clamps etc), and foundations . Foundation blocks of adequate thickness in
M-15 cement concrete shall be provided under the base plates to prevent
differential settlements. All bent tubular prop2 shall be straightened before
re-use and the member with deviation from straightness more than 1 in
600 of its length shall not be re-used. For re-used props, suitable reduction
in the permissible loads shall tJe made depending upon their condition in
accordance with recommendations of the manufacturer and as reviewed by
the IE.
iv) In case of pre-stressed concrete members, the side forms shall be removed
as early as possible and the soffit forms shall permit movement of member
without restraint; when pre-stress is applied. Form supports and forms for
cast-in-situ members shall not be removed until sufficient pre-stress has
been applied to carry all anticipated loads during construction stage.
v) Adequate foundations for formwork shall be ensured.

6.5.2 Special temporary and enabling works

Designs, drawings and methodology proposed by the Concessionaire in the use of special
temporary and enabling works like Launching Girders, Cantilever Construction Equipment,
Tall Formwork, Shoring for Earth Retention, Lifting and Handling Equipments and the like
shall be submitted to the Independent Engineer (IE) for his review and comments, if any.
The Concessionaire shall be fu lly responsible for the design and structural adequacy of all
temporary and enabling works. Review by the IE shall not relieve the Concessionaire of this
responsibility

6.6 Approach Slabs

Approach slabs shall be provided for all bridges and grade separated structures as per
Clause 217 of IRC:6 and Section 2700 of MORTH Specifications.

6.7 Bearings

6. 7.1 All bearings shall be easily accessible for inspection, maintenance and replacement.
Suitable permanent arrangements shall be made for inspection of bearings from bridge deck.
Design and specifications of bearings shall be as per IRC:83 (Part I, II and Ill). Spherical
bearings shall conform to the requirements of BS:5400 and materials of such bearings may
conform to the relevant BIS codes nearest to the specifications given in BS:5400. The drawing
of bearings shall include the layout plan showing exact location on top of pier and abutment
cap and the type of beari ngs i.e. fixed/free/rotational at each location along with notes for

44
 IRC:SP:99-2013

proper installation. The bearing should cater for rotation and movement in both longitudinal
and lateral direction.

6.7.2 The Concessionaire shall procure bearings only from the manufacturers approved
by the MORTH .

6. 7.3 The Concessionaire shall submit detailed specifications, designs and drawings
including installation drawings and maintenance manual incorporating the replacement
procedure for review of the Independent Engineer. The bea£ings shall be of such type which
do not require replacement for at least 50 years for major bridges, vehicular underpasses
and rail road structures and 25 years for othec_.structures.

6.7.4 The Concessionaire shall obtain and submit a complete Quality Assurance
Programme (QAP) from the manufacturer. The QAP shall give the full details of the process
of quality control, raw material testing, various stages of manufacture, testing of bearing
components as well as testing of complete bearing in conformity with relevant part of IRC:83,
prior to the commencement of manufacture of the bearings.

6.7.5 In addition to the routine testing of the materials and bearings at the manufacturer's
premises, the Concessionaire shall arrange testing of random samples of one percent (minimum
one number of each type) of bearings from independent agency approved by the IE.

6.7.6 The Concessionaire shall submit a certificate of confirmation regarding quality

control measures taken during manufacture of the bearings and the material conforming to
the prescribed standards and specifications. Full lot of bearings of the sample found to have
inferior specifications to those certified by the manufacturer or to have major discrepancy in
material specifications or which fail to meet the acceptance criteria, shall be rejected .

6.8 Expansion Joints

i) Structures shall have minimum number of expansion joints. This may be
achieved by adopting longer spans, making the superstructure continuous
or by adopting integrated structures. Expansion joints shall conform to
IRC:SP:69. In any case, the number of expansion joints shall not be more
than 1 for each 100 m length of the bridge or part thereof. For avoidance of
doubt, the structures upto 100 m length shall have only one joint at one side
abutment, the structures over 100 m and upto 200 m length may have two
joints and structures over 200 m and upto 300 m length may have maximum
3 expansion joints.
ii) The Concessionaire shall furnish guarantee/proprietary indemnity bonds from
the manufacturers/suppliers of expansion joints requiring no replacement for
a period of 10 years.
iii) The Concessionaire shall procure expansion joints only from manufacturers
approved by the MORTH.

45
IRC:SP:99-2013

iv) The expansion joints should cater for movement in both longitudinal and
lateral direction.

6.9 Reinforced Earth Retaining Structures

6.9.1 The design and construction of reinforced earth structures shall conform to section
3100 of MORTH Specifications. Reinforced earth retaining structures shall not be provided
near water bodies. Such structures should be given special attention in design, construction,
ground improvement where necessary, maintenance and selection of System/System design.
Local and global stability of the structure shqll be ensured.

6.9.2 Design Accreditation and warranty for life of the structure from the approved
supplier/manufacturer shall be obtained and furnished. A qualified and experienced technical
representative of the approved supplier/manufacturer shall be present on site throughout
during the casting and erection phases to ensure that the quality of the works executed by
the Concessionaire is in accordance with good industry practice.

6.9.3 The packaging of reinforcing elements shall clearly Indicate the name of the
manufacturer/supplier and brand name, date of production, expiry, if any and batch
identification number along with the manufacturer's test certificates.

6.10 Road-Rail Bridges

6.10.1 Road over bridge (road over railway line)

i) If the alignment of road at the existing railway crossing has skew angle more
than 45°, the alignment of road or of pier/abutment shall be suitably designed
to reduce skew angle up to 45°.
ii) Railways normally do not allow construction of solid embankment in their
right of way. The horizontal and vertical clearances to be provided on the
railway land shall be as per requirement of the Railway authorities.
iii) In case the Authority has obtained approval of General Arrangement
Drawings, the same shall be appended with the Request for Proposal. The
Concessionaire shall have option of adopting the same span arrangement or
have his revised proposal for GAD approved from the Railways. In case the
total length of stilt portion is not reduced, it will not be considered as change
of scope. However, before submitting the revised proposal to the Railways,
prior consent of the Authority shall be required.
iv) The Concessionaire shall be required to obtain approvals of all designs and
drawings from the concerned Railway authorities.
v) The construction of ROB within the railway boundary shall be under the
supervision of the Railway authorities.
vi) The approach gradient shall not be steeper than 1 in 40.

46
 IRC:SP:99-2013

vii) Outside the railway boundary, one span of 12 m conforming to the

requirements of Vehicular Underpass shall be provided on either side of
ROB to cater for the local traffic, inspection, and pedestrian movement.

6.10.2 Road under bridges (road under railway line)

i) Full roadway width as in the approaches shall pass below the railway lines
allowing for widening of Expressway upto 8-lane at a later date and keeping
space for utilities, drains, etc. The service roads wherever provided shall be
continued in the bridge portion also.
ii) The vertical and lateral clearances shall be as per guidelines given in
Section-2 of this Manual.
iii) These structures shall be designed to carry railway loads. The Concessionaire
shall be required to obtain approvals of all designs and drawings from the
concerned Railway authorities. The design of structure shall be in accordance
with relevant Railway codes.
iv) The construction of RUB and its approaches shall be carried out in conformity
with the terms specified in the approval granted by the Railway authorities.

6.11 Grade Separated Road Structures

i) The location, type and length of grade separated structures to be provided
on the Expressway shall be as specified in Schedule-8 of the Concession
Agreement.
ii) The vertical and lateral clearances shall be as per requirements given in
Section-2 of this Manual. Design of structures shall conform to requirements
specified in this Manual.

6.12 Drainage

An effective drainage system for the bridge deck shall be planned, designed and installed
so as to ensure that water from the deck is taken down to ground level/drainage courses by
adequate size of drainage spouts and pipes. Guidelines for drainage given in Section-9 of
this Manual shall be adopted.

6.13 Safety Barriers

i) Reinforced Cement Concrete crash barriers shall be provided on the edges
of all slab/box type culverts bridges and grade separated structures ..
ii) The design loading for the crash barriers shall be as per Clause 209.7 of
IRC:6.
iii) The type design for the crash barriers may be adopted as per IRC:5. High
Containment type crash barrier shall be provided on the Road Over Bridges

47
IRC:SP:99-2013

and Vehicle crash barrier type shall be provided on all other structures.
The sketches of concrete crash barriers extracted from IRC:5 are given in
Figs. 6.6a and 6.6b for Vehicular Crash barrier and High Containment type
Crash barriers respectively.
iv) Crash barriers on the structures shall be suitably continued and connected
with safety barriers on approaches on either side of the structures to have
smooth transition as per guidelines given in ~ection-10 of this Manual.

6.14 Future Widening of Structures

Future widening of structures shall be adopted by suitable method so that there is seamless
travel path. Suitable markings and signages shall be placed for guidance of traffic. It will
be better if the new structure is stitched with the existing structure by dismantling the crash
barrier on the existing structure. Where stitching is not possible, new structure may be added
abutting the old structure, crash barrier dismantled and longitudinal joint provided between
the old and widened structure. The edge strips of the two structures may be suitably marked
to prohibit vehicles travelling on this portion. Any other innovative method of widening the old
structure may be adopted so that safety of structure and traffic is not compromised.

6.15 Design Report

The Concessionaire shall furnish the design report, including the following , to the
Independent Engineer for his review and comments, if any.
i) Sub soil exploration report as per IRC:78.
ii) Hydrological Investigation report including hydraulic design in respect of
design discharge for the bridges and culverts, waterway, afflux if any, scour
depth, design HFL, etc.
iii) Detailed designs and drawings oftemporaryworks, foundations, substructures
and superstructure of structures and appurtenances.
iv) GAD and preliminary design proposal for future widening to 8-lane
configuration.
v) Any other information relevant to the design of structures.
 14.75 14.75 -j
30.00 Median

f- z..~-F~ 7_50 0.75Paved 11.00 11_00 Paved 0.75 3.00 2.00 6.00

•~~
,F~
6.00 ---- 1=-- - - -- I 71 7.50- -+=--1 q:. •I

:§~w ~
c Carriageway Carriageway c
m ~ ~ m

c= ~
~ ~ ==25 r== - ~~
< fu~,u <

Fig. 6. 1 (a) Typical Cross-section of Pipe Culvert for 4-Lane (2 x2) Expressway with Depressed Median
NOTE - All Dimensions are in metres
16.50 16.50
22.50 Median

'.l.QQ Pave~ ~ 11 25
6.00
1- ---1-'·+----~-- - -- 1
, ~
3.00 11.25 0.75 Paved
- -,• 1 • . I 3.00 I er-
2.00 6 00
.
C Q) jjj Carriageway Carriageway m cm
Q) ::!2 'O:!:! 'E:2 a>:2
Slope 1V: 6H .c :::,
t::: 0
Q)
> 0
::I > g € g Slope 1V: 6H
ro .c ro .c ro .c ro .c
W(I) 0. en Slope 1V: 6H a. w wen

+:>-
(0
II
/
Hume Pipe

Fig. 6.1 (b) Typical Cross-section of Pipe Culvert for 6-Lane (2x3) Expressway with Depressed Median
Note - All Dimensions are in"'metres
22.25 22.25

,!
15.00 Median
I0.•75 Paved Paved 0.7
6.00 ~ 3.00 15.00 15.00 3.00 1 J#-.0 6.00
~ ~

CE; Q Cantageway Carriageway

-o
C>
::!2 oB
C:"'
~¥ 'Q 3!
~_g .." .c
0 :::>,::, ::i
Sloce • , EH :> 0::, > 0 C 0 Slooe 1V:6H
Slope 1V : 6H c:, .c: II; .c
Q. 0 C.. t? WCO

I :::0
... I 0
(f)
,,=a:>,;,e '1J
(0
?\. .'- ~ • - . .. , - . ~ ~ (0
I
N
Fig. 6.1 (c) Typical Cross-section of Pipe Culvert '"or 8-Lane '2x4) Expressway •.•nth Depressed Median 0
....>.

Note - All Dimensions are in metres

w
 20.70 20.70
::u
0
2.201 2.20 Cl)
6.00 f,00, 3.00 L.S:...J.' ~
, 3.00 f, 001
11--- ---1 - ,,---- ---, ,~-11---7.50-----1
7.50
... 6.00
.. I 7J
(0
(0
Slope 1V: 6H I_ Slope 1V : 6H I
I\.)
0
.......
w
Hume Pipe

Fig. 6.2 (a) Typical Cross-section of Pipe Culvert for 4-Lane (2x2) Expressway with Flush Median
Note - All Dimensions are in metres
24.45 24.45

I•
6.00
•
roo1~
3.00 11 .25
2.20 2.20
~ ,, ~
~ ji-- - - ---• ~_..~l- - - - --
11.25 , 3.00 ,2.001
-7 -
6.00
,: I

~ :H
I
Slope 1V : 6H i
CJ1
0

~
-£- 0.10Gap
I
=I=

Note - All Dimensions are in metres

~~ r ~~
3.00 2.20 2.20 3.00
1- - 6.oo- - 1
2.oo~-i--- -1s.oo- ---~~ ~ ,- -- ---1 s.oo - -- -/S:-[2.ooi--6.00--1
i

:§:'"
Slope 1V : 6H

~ -i _0.10Gap

~~ ~
::hi ~
Hume Pipe

~
Fig. 6.2 (c) Typical Cross-section of Pipe Culvert for 8-Lane (2x4) Expressway with Flush Median
Note - All Dimensions are in metres
 30.00 Median

'..003.00 7.50 0.75 0.75

~ 7 50 13.00 2.00
. ' I Cf

Slope 1V: 6H

CrashBarrlor

Fig. 6.3 (a) Typical Cross-section of Slab and Box Type Culvert for 4-Lane (2x2) Expressway with Depressed Median
Note - All Dimensions are in metres
22.50 Median

,2.00,3.00 11.25 ~ ~ 11.25 3.00 ,2.00,

- -i-r • I I - I I -r-t-
Slope 1V: 6H

Crash Barnar
01
.....

Fig. 6.3 (b) Typical Cross-section of Slab and Box Type Culvert for 6-Lane (2x3) Expressway with Depressed Median
'"
Note - All Dimensions are in metres
15.00 Median

0
• jZ,~13.00~ 1 15.00 I~°'.? -,',ll-- - -15.00
- - - -- 11 ·00 2.00
C QI QI

€~ 1 I
co .c co .c
w (I') a. (I)
Carriageway
Slope 1V :6H
Carriageway
i
>
CU
:.9 a,:,Y
g € .cg
c iii

('II .c (Q
0. r.n W(I')
Cla/lBamer Crash Borriof

;;o
0
(/)
"'U
<.O
<.O
I
N
Fig. 6.3 (c) Typical Cross-section of Slab and Box Type Culvert for 8-Lane (2x4) Expressway with Depressed Median .....
0
(.,J
Note - All Dimensions are in metres
 14.70 14.70
:::0
()
roo, 3.00 3.00 roo,
- n - 1-
7.50
- -7.50---,~--n 1
---- (J)
7J
<O
<O
I
N
0
__,_
Slope 1V: 6H
Slope 1V: 6H - -!- 0.10 Gap w
I
i
Fig. 6.4 (a) Typical Cross-section of Slab and Box Type Culvert for 4-Lane (2x2) Express Highway with Flush Median
Note - All Dimensions are in metres

18.45 18.45

2.20 2.20
,2.00, 3.00
- --r-r-- • I·
11 .25 ~
· --,--
...:s:: 11.25
r- --
3.0~ ~.001

N Crash Barrier
u, Crash Barrier ' Slope 1V : 6H
Slope 1V : 6H ,~ - j-- 0.10 Gap

1,1,

Fig. 6.4 (b) Typical Cross-section of Slab and Box Type Culvert for 6-Lane (2x3) Express Highway with Flush Median
Note - All Dimensions are in metres

,__ _ _ _ _ _ 22.20 - - - -- ~ - - - - - 22.20 - - - - -~ -

00 3.00 2.20 2.20 3.0~ f- 00
- - ~ ~ , , - -- -15.00 - 1~.1~·- -- -15.00 - -- ,~ : -

Crash Barrier

Slope 1V: 6H Slope 1V : 6H

1-o.10Gap

Fig. 6.4 (c) Typical Cross-section of Slab and Box Type Culvert for 8-Lane (2x4) Express Highway with Flush Median
Note - All Dimensions are in metres
 1 - - - - - - - - - - 13.75
1....... ,.. Medain ~-
0.50 --1 ,C-- 1.50

3.00 ----1,.. 7.50 Carriageway ..,

0.75

1-'i 1-- 0.50

Crash Barrier _ __ Camber/Superelevation Crash Barrier

Fig. 6.5 (a) Typical Cross-section of 4-Lane (2x2 Lane) Bridge and Grade Separated Structures (One side)
Note - All Dimensions are in metres

17.50 - - - - - - - - - - -~ ~ Medain ~

1.50 0.75

0.50 ~I I~.., 1 3.00 ... , ... 11.25 Carriageway - - - ---=rli ~ 0.50

CJ1
w ;{

Crash Barrier _ __ Camber/Superelevation Crash Barrier

Fig. 6.5 (b) Typical Cross-section of 6-Lane (2x3 Lane) Bridge and Grade Separated Structures (One side)
Note - All Dimensions are in tetres

~
21 .25
0.75
1- - Medain --
0.50 ~ 3.00 - - ,- -- - - - - ----:i S.00 Carriagewav-- - - - - --=i=Zi ,- - 0.50
::0
()
Crash Barrier _ __ Camber/Superelevation Crash Barrier
CJ)
-u
CD
CD
Fig. 6.5 (c) Typical Cross-section of 8-Lane (2x4 Lane) Bridge and Grade Separated Structures (One side) N
I

0
Note - All Dimensions are in metres
......
w
IRC:SP:99-2013

0
L{)

--1 230 r-- j

l0
0
40 f')

r--
'
.......
l 0
0
L{)
~

0
0
N

0
L{)
N

-o
0

0
L{)
0 r--
L{)
Adjoining Paved Area

(a) Vehicle Crash Barrier (b} High Containment

Crash Barrier

Fig. 6.6 Typical Details of Crash Barriers

(Extracts From IRC:5)

Note - All Dimensions are in Millimetres

54
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-7
TUNNELS

7.1 General

7 .1.1 Expressway shall be constructed in tunnel either to carry the alignment under or
through a natural obstacle or to minimize the impact on the community under conditions such
as:
i) Long, narrow mountainous terrain where a cut section is economically
unviable or leads to adverse environmental consequences.
ii) Narrow right-of-way where all the surface area must be retained for road
purpose.
iii) Railway yard, airport or similar facilities.
iv) Parks or other land uses, existing or planned.
v) Prohibitive costs of land acquisition exceeding Lhe costs of tunnel construction
and operation.
7.1.2 Planning and design of tunnel shall be bas d on v rious conditions along the
expressway alignment including the topography, g ology, m t orology, environment,
locations and traffic volumes and shall generally conform to provisions of IRC:SP:91 and this
Manual.

7.1.3 Wherever tunnel is required to be provided, ll loc, tlon, length and number of
lanes shall be indicated in Schedule-B of the Concesslor'I Agr m nl.

7 .2 Geometrics

7.2.1 A tunnel shall have the same geometric lnndards as on the expressway
carriageway outside the tunnel except as specified in this S cUon.

7 .2.2 Cross section

Shape of tunnel cross section shall be commensurate with th m thodology of construction,

e.g., mining or cut-and-cover method, geotechnical condition nd structural consideration.

7.2.3 Horizontal clearance

The tunnel shall cater for carriageway, paved should r, dg slrlp as on the adjoining
carriageways outside the tunnel, and space to be provld d for ventilation ducts, escape
footway, emergency lay-bye where necessary, lighting, dralnag , fire and other services.

7.2.4 Vertical clearance

The tunnel shall have a minimum vertical clearance of 5.5 m over the full width of carriageway
and paved shoulders. Vertical clearance over footway shall be 3.0 m minimum. Additional
vertical clearance shall be provided for accommodating tunnel ventilation and lighting fixtures.

55
IRC:SP:99-2013

7 .2.5 Number of traffic lanes

For Project Expressways up to 8-lanes, twin tubes of 3-lane configuration shall be provided.

7 .2.6 Paved shoulder

Tunnels shall have paved shoulder of 3.0 m on left side and edge strip of 0. 75 m on th o
right side. In case of tunnels having more than 500 m length, provision shall be made for
10 m long and 1.5 m wide emergency lay bye beyoo.d the left most lane at 750 m intervals to
facilitate refuge for break down/damaged veh icles and also for maintenance vehicles. Proper
transitions, line of sight and informatory signs shall be ensured for such lay-bye.
~··
Typical tunnel cross sections for unidirectional traffic conditions for three-lane carriageway
configurations are given in Fig. 7.1 for cut and cover type construction and in Fig. 7.2 fo1
mining type construction. A typical layout of lay-bye is shown in Fig. 7.3 for tunnels of length
more than 500 m.

7 .2.7 Tunnel spacing

The clear distance between the twin tubes shall be kept depending upon the type of strata
and structural stability of the tunnel. Guidance in this regard may be taken from IRC: SP: 91
or any specialist literature.

7.2.8 Tunnel passage

The twin tunnels of more than 500 m length shall be connected by a cross passage at an
inclination to facilitate diversion of the traffic from one tube to other tube in the event of an
incident/accident in one of the tubes at a spacing of 300 m. The cross passage shall be at
an angle of 30 degrees with the direction of flow as shown in Fig. 7.4. The cross passage
shall have provision for one traffic lane, edge strip of 0.75 m , crash barriers and walkways on
either side. In normal conditions, the cross passage shall be barricaded.

7 .2.9 Vertical alignment

The vertical gradient shall not be more than 3 percent for tunnels of length more tha n
500 m. In short tunnels, the gradient may be limited to 6 percent. However, in such cases
the ventilation system should be designed to take effect of gradient and possible incidence
of fire.

7.2.10 Horizontal alignment

The horizontal alignment shall be straight as far as practicable. However, the straight
stretch shall not be more than 1500 m to avoid the effect of monotony and induction of an
unconscious increase in speed. Similarly, the last few metres of the tunnel shall have gentle
curve. The curves, if provided, shall be gentle and meet the minimum radius requirements
for design speed of the tunnel. Tunnel alignment at the ends and open/approach cuts shall
merge smoothly with adjoining road in the open air. In case of twin tunnel, the crossing of

56
 IRC:SP:99-2013

central median shall be provided at suitable locations at approaches of both tunnel tubes so
as to allow emergency services gain immediate access to either tube and also to send back
diverted traffic to proper traffic lanes.

7.2.11 Tunnel approach

Tunnel approach shall have smoothly aligned tunnel walls without any sudden narrowing to
avoid a shift from the tunnel wall and a good day/night visib,iJity of the edge lines. Tunnel wall
lining shall be of wh ite colour with high luminous reflectance.
..._..
7.2.12 Tunnel portals

Tunnel portals should, apart from providing protection at entry and exit, convey drivers about
the presence of the tunnel, reduce the luminance of facing walls and be in harmony with the
surrounding environment from aesthetics considerations.

7.3 Geotechnical Investigations

In order to make a realistic geotechnical and geophysical assessment of the ground through
wh ich the tunnel is to pass and detailed mapping of surface geology of the tunnel area
necessary for the planning and design of alignment and portal locations, shape of tunnel,
tunnel supporting systems, minimum distance to be kept between two tunnels, independent
geotechnical investigations should be carried in accordance with the provisions of Section-3
of IRC:SP:91.

7.4 Structural Design

7 .4.1 Assessment of applicable loads shall be based on structural properties of the ground
likely to be met during tunneling as arrived from detailed geo-technical investigations.
7.4.2 The design shall cater to the most adverse combination of load conditions
including only those loads which have reasonable probability of simultaneous occurring with
due consideration for the methodology of construction particularly in case of soft strata and
soils. The design shall be checked for loading conditions during the stages of construction,
operation and maintenance.

7.4.3 Tunnels in rock

Provisions of Section-4 of IRC:SP:91 shall be followed for the structural design of tunnels
passing through rock.

7.4.4 Tunnels through soft strata and soils

Structural design of tunnel system passing through soft strata and soils may be carried out
by suitable national or international standards, specialist literature and best nglneering
practices.

57
IRC:SP:99-2013

7 .5 Design of Drainage System

Efficient and effective drainage system shall be provided in the tunnel for the removal of
water from rainfall, seepage, tunnel washing operations, vehicle drippings/spillage on fire
fighting operations.
.s.
7.5.1 In order to trap rainwater from hill slopes and prevent it from flowing into the
approach cuts and the tunnel, suitable catch water drains shall be provided above the top of
sides of the open/approach cuts and above excavated portals.
7.5.2 In the open/approach cuts discontinuous kerbs shall be provided to demarcate
the edge of the carriageway. Beyond the kerbs, side drains with adequate waterway shall be
provided in the open/approach cuts.
7.5.3 Inside the tunnel, suitable side drains shall be provided behind the kerbs/crash
barriers. Suitable drain pipes going through the kerbs/crash barriers shall be provided to lead
seepage and wash water to the drains. The drains shall be located below the walkways meant
for the pedestrians and maintenance personnel. The carriageway shall have suitable camber
to facilitate drainage into the side drains. In case of bi-directional tunnel, the camber shall be
from the centre outwards and in case of uni-directional tunnel from high speed lane towards
low speed lane. The vertical profile shall facilitate self draining of tunnel. In case this is not
feasible, detailed draining system shall be designed by providing sumps and combination of
self draining and pumping arrangements.
7.5.4 The black-topped road surface inside tunnel, generally constructed on rocky
subgrade, gets damaged due to seepage water and creates severe problem for surface
drainage. Hence the pavement inside the tunnel and in approach cuts shall be of high
performance pavement concrete.

7 .6 Waterproofing
Waterproofing in the form of tunnel lining such as cast in situ concrete shall be provided for
structural protection from surrounding weathering effects as well as operational considerations.
To prevent water leaks inside the tunnel, water proof sheet at least 0.8 mm thick with synthetic
textile buffer between shotcrete and lining shall be provided.

7.7 Ventilation
7.7.1 Natural ventilation may be sufficient for tunnels of length up to 500 m. However
for tunnels of length more than 250 m natural ventilation system should be used only after
thorough evaluation of reliance on natural ventilation especially with reference to effects of
meteorological and operating conditions.
7.7.2 Mechanical system of ventilation shall be provided in case of tunnels of length
more than 500 m.
7.7.3 Detailed design of ventilation shall be carried out as per Section-? of IRC:SP:91
keeping in view the length, shape, size, tunnel environs and complexion of the likely traffic
for which tunnel has been designed.
58
 IRC:SP:99-2013

7.8 Tunnel Illumination

For tunnel illumination/lighting refer Section 15 of this Manual.

7.9 Tunnel Furnishing

Provisions shall be made for installation of tunnel furnishing such as sign boards, fire fighting
arrangements, cable trays for telephone and power lines etc. in consultation with relevant
local authorities.

7.10 Signages and Carriageway Markings

7.10.1 Variable messages signs inside the tunnel shall be provided for lhe information of
traffic of lane blockage/closure due to incidents related to vehicles/non-vehicles, weather and
human hazards etc. or maintenance operations as also to warn of possibl hn7Md ahead due
to any abnormal situation. Signage system shall be complemented by providing traffic lights
above each lane at the entry portal end and inside. Signages indicating dists nce travelled,
distance/direction to an exit on evacuation route shall be provided insld th tunnel.
7.10.2 Tunnel carriageway markings consisting of a discontinuou lln s pmating the
traffic lanes and continuous line separating the lateral traffic lane from th pav cJ houlder and
emergency lay-bye shall have good day/night visibility and conform to IRC:35. T he markings
shall be done by means of self propelled machine which has a satisfacto, y cut-off capable of
applying broken line automatically.

7. 10.2. 1 Material
i) Hot applied thermoplastic paint with glass beads shall b u d s carriageway
marking material.
ii) Carriageway marking may also be in the form of pre-fabrlcot d sheet material,
e.g. plastic sheets, which may be set into the pavement with upper surface
flush with the pavement surface.

7.11 Emergency Facilities

7 .11.1 Tunnel emergency facilities to mitigate damage in the ev nl of incidence of fire
or any other accident in the tunnel shall be provided in conformity with the standards for
installation of emergency facilities according to the classification bas d on traffic volume
and length of tunnel as shown in Fig. 7.5 and guidelines of emerg ncy facilities for each
classification of tunnel vide Table 7.1 as per details in para 7 .11 .2.

7 .11.2 Types of details of emergency facilities to be provided are categorized as Information

and Alarm Equipment, Fire Extinguishing Equipment, Escape and Guidance Facilities and
other equipment. Requirements are as under:
i) Information and alarm equipment
a) Emergency Telephone to be used exclusively for dispatching information
regarding the occurrence of an accident to the highway authorities by
persons involved in or discovering the accident (installed at intervals of
200 m).

59
IRC:SP:99-2013

Table 7.1 Installation Standards of Emergency Facilities

Classification AA A B C D Remarks
Emergency Facilities
Emergency telephone Omitted in Class D tunnels less than 200 m in Length
0 0 0 0 0
...
15,: .., Pushbutton type information
0 0 0 0
; eauioment
..,§ Fire detector 0 0
.§- Omitted in tunnel without ventilation system
" g- Tunnel entrance information
0 0 0 & 0
.§ board Can be om itted in tunnels Jess than 200 m in Length
Emergency alarm equipment
..5 In- tunnel information board To be installed in Class A tunnels 3,000 m or more in
•
..
C:
:s Fire extinguisher
~··
0

0 0 0 0 0
length

2! ·5
<;:: ..
C:
~ Fire plug 0 0 •
To be installed in Class B tunnels 1,000 m or more in
length
.,
Emergency exit lamps T o be installed in tunnels with evacuation adits

Guide board To be installed in tunnels with evacuation adits

..,
Guide board
~ Emergency exit direction board To be installed in tunnels with evacuation adits
-~
g- Guide board To be installed in tunnels without evacuation adits
Q
0 0 0
"
;i
:: • Evacuation adits to be provided in tunnels of around 750 m or more
SJ in length.
.,a • Sm oke discharge equipment to be provided in tunnels of around 1,500 m
::.

~
5 Smoke discharge equipment
and Escape passage . or more in length.
Evacuation tunnels provide for those C lass AA tunnels and Class A
tunnels of a length of3,000 m or more which em poly a two-way traffic

. system and a longitudinal ventilation system.

Either evacuation adits or smoke discharge to be provided for Class AA
To be provided in Class B tunnels 1,000 m or more in
length.
Hydrant 0 0 • Tunnels equipped with hydrants are to be provided
witb water supply ports near the entrance.

Radio communication auxiliary Coaxial cables To be provided in Class A tunnels 3,000 m or more in
teauipment
0 • length.
Entrance/exit telenh one 0 0
., Radio rebroadcasting interrupt function provided To be provided in Class A tunnels 3,000 m or more in
.," 0 • length .
s
::.
equipment
·=
.,
~
Cell phone connectivity 0 0 0 0 0 To be provided
Loudspeaker To be provided in tunnels equipped with a radio rebroadcasting equipment
!l
5 equipment I/with interru tion function)
0 To be provided in Class A tunnels 3,000 m or more in
Waler sprinkler system 0 • length, and serviced in two way traffic.
To be provided in Class A tunnels 3,000 m or more in
CCTV 0 • leneth.
Lighting equipment for power
To be provided in tunnels 200 m or more in length.
failure
Independent power plant To be provided in tunnels 500 m or more in length.
Emergency Power
Non-failure power supply
supply equipment To be provided in tunnels 200 m or more in length.
)equipment

LEGEND: 0 - Mandatory • - Use with consideration

 IRC:SP:99-2013

b) Pushbutton type information equipment to be pressed by persons

involved in or discovering an accident in order to inform the highway
authorities etc of the occurrence of the accident (installed at intervals of
50 m).
c) Fire Detectors: detect fires and automatically notify their location to the
highway authorities etc. (installed a,l interval of 25 m).
d) Emergency Alarm Equipment: when something goes out of order in the
tunnel, drivers runningj n the access zone as well as in tunnel promptly
notified through this alarm equipm nl. The system includes entrance
information boards at tunnel enlr nee nd the in-tunnel information
boards in emergency parking areas In th tunnels.
ii) Fire Extinguishing Equipment
a) Fire Extinguishers: installed for inlll Iconlrol ot mall-scale fires. Portable
powder-type fire extinguisher, two p r •• l , Ar quipped (insta lled at
intervals of 50 m). ·
b) Fire Plug: hose-reel water plugs r 111 l1 II d ror lnltial control of ordinary
fires . Designed even for road u r H to h l bl to handle them (installed
at intervals of 50 m).
c) Smoke Discharge Equipment: wh n n nrrises, this device keeps the
spread of smoke to a minimuri1 I v I tll1d lso functions to force smoke
to be discharged. Usually, v ntllnllon quipment (working in reverse
mode) is used as a smoke remov r.
iii) Escape and Guidance Facilities
a) Guide board: in an emergency. lh ' direct road users in the tunnel, the
distance/direction to an exit or vncuallon route, the current position,
and other information .
b) Escape Passage: These ar vncuolion tunnels and evacuation exits
for the road users in the tunn I lo :1 f place. The former is built
for escape, separately from th mt1in tunnel, while the latter connects
the main tunnel to an evacuation which runs in p,arallel with it, or two
main tunnels. The evacuation tunnol may have a vertical clearance of
4 .5 m The exit for evacuation hall b shutter type of light weight and
non-inflammable materials. Adequate signage for direction of movement
and easy opening mecha nism shall be provided. Evacuation tunnel shall
be used only by the evacuating persons and emergency vehicles.
iv) Other Equipment
a) Hydrant supply water for fire fighting activities by fire service crew. The
storage capacity of tank is designed to supply water to the following
fire fighting measures for at least 40 minutes simultaneously. Design
allowance shall be 20 percent extra.

61
IRC:SP:99-2013

three fire hydrants (with fire hose)

two sections of sprinkler
two hydrants.
b) Radio Communication Auxiliary Equipment: used for communication
with the fire squads engaged in rescue or fire-fighting activities in the
tunnel.
c) Mobile Connectivity: Arrangements for mobile connectivity shall be
provided.
d) Radio Rebroadcasting Equipment: This is installed in the tunnel so
that radio broadcasting can be made by the authorities to transmit
information in an emergency.
e) Loudspeaker Equipment: reliable information is supplied to those who
have alighted from their vehicles.
f) Water Sprinkler System: Sprinkle fire particles of water from water
spray heads in order to prevent fire from spreading, support fire-fighting
activities.
g) Observation Equipment: CCTV with zoom function are installed at
intervals of 200 m.
h) Lighting Equipment for Power Failure: maintains minimum lighting
required during power failure or a fire.
i) Emergency Power Supply Equipment: used to keep emergency facilities
functioning during power failure. There are two kinds, storage cell type
and an independent power plant.

7.12 Safety During Construction

7 .12.1 It shall be ensured that all applicable rules and regulations relating to the
construction of tunnels are duly complied with in strict conformity with the spirit and body of
such regulations.
7 .12.2 A project safety plan (PSP) relevant to particular site shall be prepared by the
Concessionaire and got approved from the competent authority. The PSP shall address all
site-specific issues and take all the identified risk elements. During all operations connected
with the construction of tunnels, appropriate safety precautions shall be taken through the
implementation of the PSP.
7 .12.3 An emergency management plan shall be part of the approved Project Safety
Plan which shall be well communicated to all working personnel and prominently displayed
at site. Emergency Research Measures should be drawn up to take care of various possible
contingencies.

7.12.4 Provisions of Section-6 of IRC:SP:91 shall generally be followed for safety during
construction of tunnels.
62
 IRC:SP:99-201 3

' -Space Limit of Light Arrangement 0

t---
II Space Limit of Traffic 0
I
I.()
N
.....
l
Escape Footway 0.75
--3.0Q - . - - - - - - - - - -11.25- - - - - - -1.()
~ ___,.......,..,--+-- 0 .75
Railing/Delineator
Paved Shoulder c ·
_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~arnageway -t __·
I.() 0 25

Walkway
J; 2.s% I
~ ltiJ
~;::=~~~~§§§§§§§§§~~§~~~§§~~~~~~~~~~~~;;~~~~;;~~~~;;;;~
.·, .... ·.•·. '--·· . ... -
,•. ~--
t§j
Utility Duel

2.0% w
1.2o_j_j L o.so - - -- 5.50- --<

- - - - - - - - - - -17.70- - - - - - - - - - -

Fig. 7 .1 Typical Cross-section of Three Lane Tunnel Cut and Cover Construction
NOTE - All Dimension are in metres

Emorgoncy
Cnblo Duel
Paved Shoulder I Carriageway
------ ---- ------
Wolkway
2.5%
Utility Duct

- io
2.0% 4r
1.2o_J_J. L o.so L 5.50

- - -- - - - - -17.70 -'
Fig. 7.2 Typical Cross-section of Three Lane Tunnel Mining Type Construction
NOTE - All Dimension are in metres

63
IRC:SP:99-2013

Escape Footway

0 0
N LO Layby
~ ~

1.50 •! l 10.00 1.50 l--

0 ~
~ Paved Shoulder
ct)

Carriageway

Fig. 7.3 Typical Layby Inside Tunnels Length more than 500 m

(At 750 m Interval)

NOTE - All Dimension are in metres

--- -- -- Traffic

-- --- ---
Middle Lane
· ····· · ····•·· ·· ·· ··••·-·•···-··- ••·•··- ·•·•··-·•- •-·····--·· ········ Tunnel Center Lane ··-·······-··---······---------------------··-

--- - - Right Lane - Edge Strip

r
Walk Way
Walk Way

Walk Way
L.=----------------~
Crash Bar ier -g-E=================~:!J
Edger:;=____ _ __ Right Lane Cross Passage Centre Line- -~
Edge Strip

______ ----·--·-·- - --::

M;;id=d=le=La
==n=e=-_ _ _ Tunnel Centre Lane ~

PLAN

Fig. 7.4 Tunnel Passage

64
 IRC:SP:99-2013

40,000

20,000

-
Q)

- 10,000
.0
::::,

>,

-:c
ct!
"O
Q)
CJ
AA

-
Q)
>
Q)
E
::::,
4,000

0
> 2,000
CJ
lE
~
I-
1,000

5,00

100 200 300 500 1,000 3,000 5,000 10,000

Length of tunnel (m)

Fig. 7.5 Classification of Tunnels

65
IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-8
MATERIALS

8.1 General
All materials to be used in works shall be in conformity wit!:}, the requirements laid down for
relevant item in MORTH Specifications. If the Concessionaire proposes to use any material,
which is not covered in MORTH Specifications, it shall conform to IRC or relevant Indian or
International Standards, provisions of para 1.10 shall apply.
Proprietary products proposed to be used shall be proven by use in comparable international
road and bridge projects, and shall be supported with authenticated licensing arrangement
with the manufacturer.
 IRC:SP:99-201 3

SECTION-9
DRAINAGE

9.1 General

9.1.1 The design and construction of surface and subsurface drains for road drainage
and drainage
.
for structures shall be carried out in accordance with the requirement of this
~
Section. ·

9.1.2 For efficient drainage system for the ~ntire Project Expressway including structures,
directions contained in Clause 309 of MORTH Specifications, IRC:SP:42, IRC:SP:50 and
IRC:SP:90 as relevant shall be followed.

9.1.3 In road sections in cuttings and at underpasses where it may not be possible
to drain out the water using gravity flow, vertical drains may be provided and if necessary,
arrangement for pumping shall also be made.

9.2 Surface Drainage

9.2.1 The selection of type of roadside drains shall be based on the magnitude and
duration of flow. The roadside drains shall be designed on the principles of flow in open
channel.

9.2.2 The road side drains shall not pose any danger to traffic, slopes of cuttings,
embankment, pavement or structures.

9.2.3 As far as possible, longitudinal slope shall not be less than 0.5 percent for
lined drains and 1.0 percent for unlined arains. Permissible non-erodible flow velocity for
corresponding earth surface as mentioned in Clause 9.4 of IRC:SP:42 shall be kept in view
9.2.4 The side slopes of the unlined drains shall be as flat as possible and shall not be
steeper than 2H :1V.

9.2.5 The drains shall be provided with CC lining in the following situations:
i) When due to space constraint, the drains are located near the toe of lh
embankment or near structures.
ii) Flow velocity is more than 1 m/s in silt and sand; and more than 1.5 m/ 111
stiff clay.

9.3 Median Drainage

9.3.1 In case of depressed median, longitudinal drain (lined or unlined) st,nll b provid d
to drain off rain water. The drain should have adequate longitudinal slop lo l11 n r st
culvert to drain off transversely. In superelevated sections, the longitudln I drnln h II be
designed to take the discharge from one side carriageway also.

9.3.2 The flush median shall be paved and provided with camb r for drain g across the
pavement. In superelevated sections, combination of covered longlludlnal nd cross drains
shall be provided.

67
IRC:SP:99-2013

9.4 Drainage where Embankment Height is more than 6 Meters

9.4.1 In embankments with height more than 6 m and approaches to bridges, special
arrangement for protection of embankment slopes shall be essential in order to ensure
that embankment slopes maintain their shape during the monsoon season . In this respect,
directions contained in Clause 7 of IRC:SP:42 may be followed as appropriate for the climatic
conditions of the area of the Project Expressway.
9.4.2 Drainage arrangement shall include provision of k~rb channel outside the paved
shoulder, cement concrete lined chutes along the slopes at designed intervals with energy
dissipation basin , side channels at the bottom and protection of the slope by turfing, vegetation
and/or any other suitable type. The drainage system and slope protection shall be kept well
maintained at all times.

9.4.3 The chute drains and drains at toe of the embankment shall be of Plain Cement
Concrete (M15 grade), over bedding in Cement Concrete M10.

9.5 Catch Water Drains

9.5.1 Suitable catch water drains shall be provided on the hill slope above cutting
to collect and remove surface water run-off from upper reaches. These drains shall be of
trapezoidal shape with stone lining pointed with cement sand mortar.
9.5.2 The catch water drains shall be designed to carry the intercepted water to the
nearest culvert or natural drainage channel.

9.5.3 It shall be ensured that the catch water drains are provided in stable hill slopes
outside the periphery of slide/unstable areas.

9.5.4 Where required , lined chutes shall be provided to lead the discharge to the catch
pit of culvert or to a natural drainage channel.

9.6 Sub-surface Drains

9.6.1 The sub-surface drainage shall be provided

i) For lowering the water table required for drainage of sub-grade;
ii) To intercept or drain out free water in cut slopes; and
iii) For drainage of pervious sub base in situations where it may not be practicable
to extend the sub base across the shoulder.
9.6.2 Sub-surface drains shall not be used for surface drainage.
9.6.3 The sub-surface drains shall be:
i) Close jointed perforated pipes or open jointed un-perforated pipes in trenches
with backfill material around pipes.

68
 --- •

IRC:SP:99-2013

ii) Aggregate drains consisting of free draining material in the trench without
any pipe.
9.6.4 Perforated pipes and un-perforated pipes shall meet the requirements of
Clause 309.3 of the MORTH Specifications.

9.6.5 The internal diameter of the pipe shall not be less than 150 mm.

9.6.6 The sub-surface drains shall be located not less titan 0.5 m below the sub-grade.

9.6.7 Backfill material

i) Backfill material shall be free draining sand. gravel or crushed stone designed
on inverted filter criteria for filtration and permeability, or of an appropriate
grading conforming to the requirements of Table 300.3 of the MORTH
Specifications.
ii) Thickness of backfill material around the pipe shall not be less than
150 mm. The minimum thickness of material above the top of the pipe shall
be 300 mm.
9.6.8 Sub-surface drains outside the road pavement shall be sealed at the top to avoid
percolation of surface water into these drains.

9.6.9 Use of geo-textile

i) The sub-surface drains may be designed using appropriate gee-textile to
serve the functions of filtrai.ion and separation.
ii) The sub-surface drains can be provided with gee-textile either along the
trench or around the pipe or both .
iii) The gee-textile shall satisfy the requirements of Clause 702 of the MORTH
Specifications.
9.6.10 Trench excavation, laying of pipe, backfilling, and use of gee-synthetics shall
conform to the requirements of Clause 309.3 of the MORTH Specifications.

9.6.11 The drain outlet shall be a free outlet and shall be provided as per Clause 309.3
of the MORTH Specifications.

9.6.12 Aggregate drains

i) The trench for aggregate drain shall be of minimum 300 mm width and cut to
a depth to expose the granular pavement courses to be drain d.
ii) Aggregate for the drain shall be gravel, stone aggregate or slAg of grading as
per Table 8 of IRC:SP:42.
iii) The aggregate drain shall be provided with a geo-t xtlle wrap to act as
filtration and separation layer.

69
IRC:SP:99-2013

9.6.13 Design of subsurface drainage shall be based on a rational basis. Reference may
be made to IRC:SP:42.

9.7 Internal Drainage of Pavement Structure

i) The sub-base shall be extended across the shoulders
6
for efficient drainage
of pavement.
ii) The granular sub-base shall be of proper design and grading to perform
satisfactorily as a drainage layer.-The drainage layer shall not have material
finer than 75 micron size.
iii) A suitable filter of granular material or gee-textile to act as filtration and
separation layer shall be incorporated, where necessary, between the
subgrade and sub-base to prevent clogging .

9.8 Drainage for Structures

9.8.1 Culverts and bridges

9.8.1.1 For culverts and bridges, provision of suitable cross slope/camber and down take
pipes/spouts near the kerb, covered with gratings at the inlet points shall be provided at
regular interval to facilitate rapid draining of water from the deck without any ponding. The
length and location of these drainage spouts should be such that the water is not discharged
on any bridge element.
9. 8. 1. 2 The bridges particularly those in high rainfall area shall preferably be built in
longitudinal gradient with suitably designed cross drains at abutment locations to facilitate
proper drainage.

9.8.2 Grade separators/ flyovers/road over bridges

9.8.2.1 Effective drainage shall be provided both longitudinally and transversely. The
transverse drainage shall be secured by means of suitable camber in the roadway surface.
Longitudinal drainage shall be secured by means of scuppers, inlets, or other suitable means
of sufficient size and numbers to drain the run-off efficiently.
9.8.2.2 Efficient drainage of the deck structure shall be ensured by providing a suitably
designed drainage arrangement consisting of drainage spouts connected to horizontal and
vertical pipe system such that the water from the structure does not fall on the road , does
not stagnate over the road or at entry and exit points of grade separated structure and is
discharged into the draining system of the area. Care must be taken that the pipes are taken
down in such a way that they are aesthetically pleasing.
9.8.2.3 Typically, water spouts are provided at the kerbs at the rate of one number per
12 sqm of the surface in level portions and one number per 15 sqm of the surface area on
gradients. Water spouts are connected to runner pipe of suitable diameter (minimum 100
mm) on either side of roadway and taken down by downtake pipes at pier and abutment
locations.
 -- ----~-----------
- - ---- - - - - -- ----

IRC:SP:99-2013

9.8.2.4 Drainage fixtures and downspouts shall be of rigid , corrosion resistant material
not less than 100 mm as the least dimension and shall be provided with suitable cleanout
fixtures.

9. 8. 2. 5 The arrangement offloor drains shall be such as lo prevent the splashing discharge
of drainage water against any portion of the structure. Overhanging portions of concrete
floors shall be provided with drip moulds.

9. 8. 2. 6 Catch water drains are necessary at the ends of viaduct portion so that water coming
from grade separated structure does not over -?aturate and affect u, arth n embankment.
Similar catch water drains should be provided at the end of gradi nl o that water coming
from the structure is properly let out to the nearest drain .

9.8.2. 7 An integrated drainage plan for the water coming from th d ck ol tructures, local
catchment area of the project and all other sources should be prep r d ' O ll1nl no water falls
on any surface of the structures, or remain standing or flowing over lh I v I roads. All the
water is collected through sumps and finally discharged into the lo~ I cit ~ilnno system i.e.
storm water drain/pipes etc. either by gravity through connecti ng drain · or by p1 1mping into
the existing outgoing drains.

9. 8. 2. 8 The rainwater from the deck of the structures usually do not n w tr nsversely
but flows on the high gradient slopes of the road or approaches and is coll ct cl 111 tho valley
curve portion. As such attention is to be paid to get this large quanllty of w ll r dr lned out
fast without accumulating there causing problems for traffic flow resulting 111 lrme j ms. The
draining out systems should be designed with greater margins so as lo ·,void lhls problem, at
least for grade separators, inside the cities or inhabited areas.

9.8.3 Underpasses and subways

Where rain water cannot flow into the drainage system by gravity du lo lh requirement
of depressed road to get minimum head room, necessary provision ror drnlnago by vertical
drains and/or pumping shall be made so that there is no disruption of tr Ifie through such
location on account of water logging/flooding of underpass or subway.

9.9 Existing Drains, Canals and Minor Waterways

9.9.1 For the existing drains, canals and waterways, to be over passed by the expressway,
draining provisions shall be maintained and the effects of prolonged hoavy rainfall must be
catered for.

9.9.2 Special attention shall be paid to the drainage channels carrying industrial
waste and effluent in particular to those draining chloride contaminated effluents which are
detrimental to the RCC structures.

9.9.3 Adequate care shall be taken while crossing irrigation canals to prevent
contamination of the flow in the canal by spillage from the expressway.

71
IRC:SP:99-2013

9.10 When expressway runs parallel to existing channels, adequate measures shall
be taken in the form of bank protection and channel alignment to avoid water build up or
stagnation against the expressway slope endangering the pavement drainage. The drainage
channels at the toe of the expressway may have to be adequately protected or reshaped for
discharge into these channels. Where the discharge from road drainage is not permitted,
separate cross drainage structures are to be provided on both sides of such channels.

9.11 Erosion Control Measures

Erosion control measures in accordance with the provisions of the MORTH Guidelines
for Expressways shall be provided. Guidan·ce may be taken from IRC:56 for treatment of
embankment slopes for erosion control.

9.12 Survey, Investigation and Design Report

The Concessionaire shall carry out proper surveys and investigations for detailed design of
the drainage system . The proposal for drainage system supported with survey investigation
report and detailed design report shall be submitted to the Independent Engineer for review
and comments, if any.

9.12.1 Drainage studies

The survey and investigation and drainage studies shall include:

i) Alignment plan, longitudinal and cross-sections, contour map.
ii) Hydrological data, Drainage area, water shed delineation , direction of flow,
location of outfalls, existing surface drains, ground surface condition, rainfall,
flood frequency, etc.
iii) Data for hydraulic design of drains.
iv) Geo-technical investigations for sub surface strata, level of water table,
seepage flow, etc.
v) Identification of areas requiring sub-surface drainage.
vi) Any other relevant information. Guidance may be taken from IRC:SP:19,
IRC:SP:42, IRC:SP:48 and IRC:SP:50.

9.12.2 Design details

The report shall include:

i) Estimation of design discharge.
ii) Design of surface drains.
iii) Design of sub-surface drains.

72

- - -- -
t --
 IRC:SP:99-2013

iv) Drainage arrangement plan along with plan, longitudinal section and cross-
section of drains integrated with cross drainage works and a strip chart.
v) Specifications of drains.
vi) Erosion control measures proposed.
vii) Any additional information as required by the Independent Engineer for
review of the drainage system. ~

73
IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION -10
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, ROAD SAFETY DEVICES AND
ROAD SIDE FURNITURE

10.1 General

Traffic Control Devices, Road Safety Devices and Roa@Side Furniture shall comprise of road
signs, road markings, object markers, hazard markers, studs, delineators, attenuators, safety
barriers, boundary fences, boundary stoQ_es, kilometre stones, etc. MORTH Guidelines for
Expressways and Section 800 of MORTH Specifications shall be followed for providing these
items unless otherwise specified in this Section.

10.2 Road Signs

The road signs on expressways are required to provide adequate information on lane driving,
advance information to exit, location of facilities for road us~rs and also for emergency
need for vehicles, Road signs shall be provided as per IRC:67 and Section 800 of MORTH
Specifications. Clustering and proliferation of road signs shall be avoided for enhancing their
effectiveness.

The traffic signs on expressways should serve distinct functions as below:

i) Give directions to destinations, or highway routes, or to other Expressway
interchanges and toll plazas;
ii) Furnish advance notice of the approach to interchanges or toll plaza;
iii) Direct road users into appropriate lanes in advance of diverging or merging
movements;
iv) Identify routes and directions for important destinations on those routes;
v) Show distances to destinations;
vi) Indicate access to general motorist services, rest, scenic, and recreational
areas; and
vii) Provide other information of value to the road user such as weather,
maintenance works and occurrence of accidents.

10.2.1 Colour of signs

The Colour of all types of signs except direction informatory signs shall be same as that of
Plate-I and Plate-II of IRC:67. For direction informatory signs, it shall be white lettering, border
and arrows on blue background. In case of facility signs, black symbol shall be displayed
within White Square in blue background.

74
 ----. - - - -

IRC:SP:99-2013

10.2.2 Format of legends on overhead and shoulder mounted signs

The legend on all signboards shall be bilingual-regional/local language and English except
on those sign boards located at entry/exit points. Entry/Exit shall have inscri ptions in regional/
local language, Hindi and English. The font type shall be as per Table 10.1 .

Table 10.1 Font Type for Inscription on Expressway Signs

~

S. No. Language Font Type

1) Hindi Hindi?
~·
2) English Transport Medium
3) Regional Language As per Local Practice

10.2.3 Sizes of signs

The sizes of various types of signs for design speeds of 80-100 km/hr and more than 100 km/
hr shall be as in Table 10.2.

Table 10.2 Sizes of Different Types of Signs for Expressways

Sign Shape Size for Speeds Size for Speeds
between more than
80-100 km/hr 100 km/hr
(mm) (mm)
STOP Sign Octagunal 900 1200
GIVE WAY Sign Triangle 900 1200
Prohibitory Signs Circle 900 1200
No Parking and No Stopping, No Circle 900 1200
Standing Signs
Speed Limit and Vehicle Control Signs Circle 1200 1200
Cautionary Signs Triangle 1200 1200

10.2.4 Size of letters

Size of letters shall be such that these are ligible and visible at design speeds. The size of
letters for Advance Direction, Flag type direction, reassurance, place identification and Ganlry
mounted signs for various approach speeds shall be as per Table 10.3. For supplementary
plates attached with facility signs, regulatory signs or cautionary signs, the letter size shall be
100 mm. The text size of 100-125 mm letter size shall be used in the supplementary pl t s
with some of the regulatory signs depicting information on typical timings like "09:00 m lo
08:00 pm" coupled with dates or days as applicable.

75
IRC:Sg 3
N
0 _,..
v,) I 0.3 Letter Size of Information Signs(Shoulder and Gantry Mounted)
~dvance Direction Flag Type Direction Gantry Mounted Signs
Signs (Shoulder Signs, Reassurance
Mounted) Signs, Place
Identification Signs
1 2 3 4 ~ 6 7
Design 'x' height 'x' height 'x' h~_ight 'x' height 'x' height 'x' height
Speed lower case upper lower' case upper lower case upper
(km/hr) (mm) case (mm) (mm) case (mm) (mm) case (mm)
66-80 150 210 125 175 200 280
81-100 200 280 150 210 250 350
101-110 250 350 200 280 275 385
111-120 300 420 300 420 300 420

10.2.5 Sheeting for signs

All road signs shall be of Prismatic Grade Sheeting corresponding to Class C Sheeting
described in IRC:67 and any of the sheeting types VIII , IX or XI as per ASTM D 4956-09 fixed
over Aluminum or Aluminum Composite Material. The sheeting for different type of signs can
be chosen based on the selection guidance provided in IRC:67 depending upon the situation
encountered by road users in viewing the signs. Class B micro prismatic sheeting can be
used for delineator posts.

10.2.6 Signs on curves

Wherever the Expressway alignment is on a curve, there shall be advance cautionary signs
for sharp curves (depending on whether it is on left or right) and chevron signs (rectangular
in shape with yellow background and black arrow) at the outer edge of the curve. The size of
chevron shall be as per IRC:67.
i) The curves with radii upto 1200 m shall be provided with curves warning sign
in advance of hazard and single Chevrons on outer edge of curve. Chevron
signs shall be always placed on outer edge of the curve and spaced uniformly
for the length covering transition length and the straight portion as given in
IRC:67.
ii) The curves with radii 1200 m to 3000 m with deflection angle more than
20 degree shall be provided with Chevrons on outer edge of curve at 75 m
spacing
iii) The curves with radii 1200 m to 3000 m with deflection angle less than
20 degree and other curves upto 5000 m radius shall be provided with
forgiving type delineator posts at 40 m spacing on outer edge of curves.

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 IRC:SP:99-2013

10.2.7 Prohibitory signs

Required prohibitory sign shall be placed prohibiting th e entry of certain types of vehicles into
the Expressway.

10.2.8 Overhead signs

.$

Locations and size of overhead signs shall be specified in Schedule-B of the Concession
Agreement. The following conditions may be considered while deciding about the locations
of overhead signs:
i) Traffic volume at or near capacity,
ii) Restricted sight distance,
iii) Built up stretches,
iv) Insufficient space for ground mounted signs,
v) Distances of important places and routes at suitable int rvol •
vi) Before major intersections with another Expressway or Nnllon• I Highway
vii) Approaches to Interchanges
viii) Multi-lane exits
ix) Entry to Toll Plazas

10.2.9 Siting of signs with respect to carriageway

It shall be ensured that any sign or any other device erected for traffic control, traffic guidance
and/or traffic information shall not obscure any other traffic sign and hall not carry any
advertisement.

Signs shall be mounted on gantries, cantilevers, and butterfly or on over bridges with vertical
clearances as applicable for vehicular operations.

The sign supports shall be provided on the earthen shoulder and In the central median.
Placement of foundation and supporting structures shall be sufficiently away from the paved
surface. Overhead gantry and cantilever supports within the clear zone shall be shielded by
a safety barrier system.

Overhead guide signs may be, where practicable, mounted on overpass structures above
the expressway to minimize the number of potentially hazardous roadside structures. Special
designs for the signboard and/or its mounting may be required where an overpass structure
is skewed in plan to the line of the Expressway.

For Cantilever mounted signs, the centre of the sign is typical ly located over the carriageway
edge line; however the left edge of the sign shall be positioned no further left than the left
edge of paved shoulder. On exit ramps, guide signs shall be located over the relevant lanes.
Where a number of signs are erected on gantry, the outer edges of signs shall not extend
beyond the outer edges of paved shoulders.

77
 IRC:SP:99-2013

The desirable minimum distance over which signs should be seen is the legibility distance of
the principal legend size, plus an additional one third of this distance to allow sufficient time
for the driver to see the sign prior to reading its text.

10.2.10 Mounting height and clearance

~

All signs for through traffic shall be provided by overhead gantry/cantilever. Kerb mounted
signs supported on GI pipes shall be used at entry/exit of the Expressway or at wayside
amenity/toll plaza areas. Overhead signs'··shall be placed on a structurally sound gantry or
cantilever structure made of GI pipes.
Overhead Gantry shall be mounted at 5.5 m height above the highest point on the carriageway
and shall be extended over the entire carriageway plus paved shoulder.
Cantilever Gantry shall be mounted at a height of 5.5 m measured from the carriageway of
the sign.
Typical overhead mounted and cantilever mounted structures for signs are given in
Fig. 10.1A and Fig. 10.18 respectively.

10.2.11 Expressway symbol sign

The expressway symbol sign is shown in Fig 10.2.

10.2.12 Interchange exit numbering

Interchange numbering shall be used in signing each expressway exit. Interchange exit
numbers shall be displayed with each Advance Guide sign, Exit direction sign and Gore sign .
The exit number shall be displayed on a separate plaque at the top of the Advance Guide or
Exit direction sign.
Interchange exit numbering can be either i) Reference location sign numbering (km-base) or
(ii) Consecutive numbering and shall be decided in consultation with the Authority and the
Independent Engineer. Typical Exit (km) numbering sign is shown in Fig 10.3.

10.2.13 Advance Guide signs

The Advance Guide sign gives notice well in advance of the exit point of the principal
destinations served by the next interchange and the distance to that interchange. Advance
Guide sign should be placed at 500 m, 1 km and at 2 km in advance of the exit. Fractions of
kilometers or decimals of kilometers should not be used. Where Advance Guide signs are
provided for a right exit, diagram signs should be used.
Fig. 10.4 shows typical Interchange Advance Guide sign.

10.2.14 Exit direction signs

The Exit direction sign repeats the route and destination information that was shown on the
advance guide signs for the next exit, and thereby assures road users of the destination

78

>
 IRC:SP:99-2013

served and indicates whether they exit to the right or the left for that destination. Shoulder
mounted Exit direction signs shall be installed at the beginning of the deceleration lane and
shall be of overhead type over the exiting lane.

The message EXIT ONLY in black on a yellow panel shall be used on the overhead exit direction
sign to advise road users of a lane drop situation . Fig. 10.5 shows typical Exit direction sign.

10.2.15 Exit Gore signs

The Exit Gore sign in the gore indicates the exiting point or the place of departure from the
main roadway. Consistent application of this sign at each exit is important.

The gore shall be defined as the area located betwoon lhe main roadway and the ramp just
beyond where the ramp branches from the main expr ssway.
Fig. 10.6 shows typical Exit Gore sign.

10.2.16 Next Exit supplemental signs

Where the distance to the next interchange is unusually long, N xl Exit supplemental signs
shall be installed to inform road users of the next into, clw 11g . Tho Next Exit supplemental
sign shall carry the legend NEXT EXIT X km. If tho N xi I xll upplementa l sign is used, it
shall be placed below the advance guide sign nearc l lli Int rchange.
Fig. 10.7 shows typical Next Exit supplemental sign.

10.2.17 End of expressway signs

End of Expressway sign shall be placed at th e end of xµr ssway section. In the case where
an interchange is located near the start or end of expr onwny, lhe roads leading to express-
way are treated with expressway type advance exit slgn·t Th dvance exit signs are placed
on the non-expressway section of the route as show,1 In Fig. 10.8.
10.2.18 Post-Interchange signs

If space between interchanges permits, as in ruml r , nd where undue repetition of

messages will not occur, a fixed sequence of signs should bo displayed beginning 150 m
beyond the end of the acceleration lane. At th is point, Route sign assembly should be
installed followed by a Distance sign as indicated In Fig, 10.9, at a spacing of 300 m. If
space between interchanges does not permit placemonl of l11ese three post-interchange
signs without encroaching on or overlapping the Advance Guide signs necessary for the next
interchange, or in rural areas where the interchanging traffic is primarily local, one or more of
the post interchange signs should be omitted.

10.2.19 Distance sign

The post-interchange Distance sign shall consist of a two-or three-line sign carrying the
names of significant destination points and the distances to those points. The top line of the

79
IRC:SP:99-2013

sign shall identify the next interchange with the name of the community near or through which
the route passes and exit number, or if there is no community, the route number or name of
the intersected highway.

Second line is second next exit. The third, or bottom line, shall contain the name and distance
to a control city (if any) that has national significance for travelers using the route. When
Interchange spacing is more than 10 km, the distance sign &tiall be provided in between at
appropriate location. The distances displayed on these signs should be the actual distance to
the destination points and not to the exit from th_~ expressway as shown is Fig. 10.9.

Fig. 10.9 shows typical Distance sign.

10.2.20 Signing by class of interchange

Full signing of the interchange should also cover all approaches and ramps .

Fig. 10.10 shows significant features of signing plan for Trumpet Interchange.

Fig. 10.11 shows typical layout of Diamond Interchange Sign.

Fig. 10.12 shows typical signing plan for Cloverleaf (system interchange).

10.3 Road Markings

The markings shall be such that these are visible under all circumstances at day and night,
wet and dry conditions; must have good contrast with the road surface; must be durable; and
must not be so thick that these become a hazard in themselves.

All road markings shall conform to IRC:35 and MORTH Specifications unless specified herein.
The markings shall be applied to demarcate carriageway lane, edge line, continuity line,
stop line, give way lines, diagonal/chevron markings, zebra crossings and at parking areas
using a self propelled machine with satisfactory cut off value capable of applying broken line
automatically.

10.3.1 Material

Hot applied thermoplastic paint with reflectorising glass beads conforming to Section 800 of
MORTH Specifications shall be used as road marking material for the Project Expressway.
The material used shall have proven performance to last for at least 3 years.

10.3.2 Longitudinal markings

For the Project Expressway designed for 120 km per hour, all curves upto 1000 m radii shall be
provided with traffic lane line marking meant for curved sections i.e. with shorter interval as per
IRC 35. The traffic lane line shall be continuous for curves having radii less than 700 m.

For the Project Expressway designed for 100 km per hour, all curves upto 700 m radii shall be
provided with traffic lane line marking meant for curved sections i.e. with shorter interval as per
IRC:35. The traffic lane line shall be continuous for curves having radii less than 450 m.

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 IRC:SP:99-2013

Minimum width of longitudinal marking shall be 200 mm

a) White colour shall be used for carriageway markings except the ones
indicating parking restrictions; for the latter, the colour used shall be yellow
conforming to IS colour No. 356 as given in IS 164;
b) White together with black colour shall be used for kerb and object
markings; 4

c) Yellow colour may also be used for the continuous ce ntre and barrier line
markings.

10.3.3 Other road markings

a) Directional Arrows and Lettering
Lane selection arrows on pavement shall be provided for guiding, warning
or regulating traffic to change correct lane for driving. It shall b white colour.
Large numerals and letters should be used.

b) Chevron Markings
A series of parallel chevron markings on a pavement zone, surrounded by
continuous line, for indicating closed to traffic shall be provld d wherever
required .

10.3.4 Length and gap

Length and gap shall be 1.5 m and 4 m on straight reaches and 1.5 m and 1.5 m on curves.

10.3.5 Longitudinal marking to toll booths

The traffic lane marking running through the expressway shall be continued till the toll booth,
in such a way that traffic from each lane of Expressway is guided to discharge uniformly to
different toll booths. Toll booth shall be provided with chevron marking and hazard markers.
There shall be transverse bar marking to alert the traffic about the approaching toll booth .

10.4 Road Delineators

These are roadway indicators, hazard markers and object markers as given in IRC:79.

10.4.1 All physical objects above the Finished Road Level (FRL) that are falling within 6 m
from the carriageway edge line shall be illuminated with Object Hazard Markers (OHM). The
objects shall include utility poles, traffic sign posts or parapet or concrete barrier of bridges,
culverts, RE wall, start of underpass or flyovers. The Object Hazard Marker shall be either left
OHM or right OHM or Two way Hazard Marker with respect to position of object to the traffic.
The object shall be painted with black and yellow stripes using the paint conforming to IS:164.

81
IRC:SP:99-2013

10.4.2 The kerbs in the medians/traffic islands and concrete crash barrier over bridges
and grade separated structures shall be painted with black and white stripes (white with
orange stripes at highly hazardous locations) using the paint conforming to IS:164.

10.5 Reflective Pavement Markers and Solar Studs

-$

The reflective pavement markers (RPM) and solar road studs shall be provided to improve the
visibility in night-time and wet-weather conditions. These shall be prismatic retro-reflective type
two way markers conforming to ASTM D 4280 artd provided as per Table 10.4. RPM shall be
provided on curves and approaches to major bridges, flyovers and interchanges. The RPM on
shoulder edge line shall be Red in colour and that on median edge line shall be Amber colour.
RPM shall be provided for traffic lane for all curves less than 1200m radii and shall be white in
colour. The RPM on traffic lane line shall be placed at the centre of gap of lane line marking.

Table 10.4 Warrants for Road Studs

SI. Description of section Length Spacing Location &

No. Colour
1) All sections Curve radii upto Curve length 9m For shoulder
of 1000 m including transition and median
2) Curve radii 1000 with 20 m on either 18 m side edge lines.
Expressway
m to 2000m side
having (Red colour on
3) horizontal Curve radii 27 m shoulder side
curves 2000m to 3000m and Amber
and critical colour for
section median side)
4) All Length of Length including 18 m
sections of highway where vertical grade and
Expressway vertical gradient curves and adjoining
on vertical is 2% and above 300 m portion on
grade and its vertical either side
curves
5) All Major/ Structure Structure portion and 9m For shoulder
Minor adjoining 180 m on and median
Bridges, either side side edge lines.
6) ROBs and Approaches Approach length 18 m
(Red colour on
all structures including the length
shoulder side
(Interchange/ of acceleration/
and Amber
FlyoverNUP) deceleration length
colour on
if any and 300 m
median side)
adjoining on either
side

82
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SI. Description of section Length Spacing Location &

No. Colour
7 All entry/exit Entry/exit slip Length of both side 9m Red colour on
slip roads/ roads and ramps edge lines of slip edge lines
ramps and its roads/ramp+ edge
acceleration/ line of acceleration/ "'
deceleration deceleration lane
8 lanes Chevron/diagonal
.... 6m Red Colour
markings on gorge for Chevrons/
diagonal
markings
9 Continuity line Length of crossable em Groan Colour
for acceleration/ continuity line for for crossa ble
deceleration lane changing of continu ity line
lane for entry/ entry/exit slip roads
exit of slip

10.6 Traffic Impact Attenuators

Traffic Impact Attenuators shall be provided for structural columns of I.. rgn c.llr clion signs,
illumination lamp posts, at approaching traffic islands of toll plaza and ~01 :-iro between
diverging roadways. It shall take repeated impacts without any additional r cov ry procedures
and with minimal or no repairs. The attenuators modules shall be mould cl fr om HOPE plastic
conforming to the general test acceptance criteria requirement of NC I lRP 350 Test Level 3
or EN 1317-3. The space requirement to shield a fixed object should b considered wh ile
d,esigning and constructing the attenuators. The design, size, numb r of r110dules, etc. of
attenuators shall be as per International Standards and location spociflc dLJly considering the
likely impact. Following general criteria for providing crash attenuators shall be adopted:
a) At location where there is a history of more than averag number of accidents
involving vehicles impacting obstruction
b) The 85th percentile speed of traffic plying through tho tr rnc lane adjacent to
obstruction in diverge area is greater than 70 kmph.
c) At locations where the lane changing manoeuvring of vehicles is
substantial.
d) Traffic is required to travel in close proximity to the potential obstruction
where it is not feasible to install safety barrier in front of it.
e) The obstruction with high value and if damaged by vehicle impact will have
serious consequences.
f) The gore areas of all diverging which are one level above ground.

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IRC:SP:99-2013

The specific location shall be identified following the criteria given above and the type of
crash attenuators based on severity of the situation shall be indicated in Schedule-B of the
Concession Agreement. For avoidance of doubt, crash attenuators shall also be provided at
other locations as per safety requirement and shall be deemed to be covered in the scope
of work.
~

The work of providing and fixing traffic impact attenuators shall conform to Clause 814 of
MORTH Specifications.

Fig. 10.13 shows the area that should be made available for crash attenuators installations.

10.7 Crash Barriers

There are three types of crash barriers viz., rigid (concrete), semi rigid (metal beam -"W" beam
and thrie beam type) and flexible (wire rope safety barrier). Crash barriers shall be provided
on the roadside and median side as per requirements given hereunder. The specification of
various types of crash barriers shall be as per Section 800 of MORTH Specifications unless
specified in this Section.

10.7.1 Roadside safety barriers

i) Warrants: The longitudinal roadside barriers are basically meant to shield
two types of roadside hazards i.e. embankments and roadside obstacles
and also for preventing the vehicles veering off the sharp curves. Roadside
safety barriers shall be provided at the following locations:
a) On embankments where recoverable slope up to a distance of clear
zone applicable for the design speed (refer para 2.17 of this Manual) is
not available.
b) On the retaining/reinforced earth wall abutting the paved/earthen
shoulder.
c) Along all horizontal curves having radii upto 2000 m for complete length
of curves including transitions and 20 m further before and after the
curve.
d) In front of roadside obstacles like bridge piers, abutments and railing
ends, roadside rock mass, culverts, pipes and headwalls, cut slopes,
retaining walls, lighting supports, traffic signs and signal supports, trees
and utility poles.
ii) Normally on shoulder side, the lateral distance of at least 0.75 to 1.0 m width
from edge of paved portion (i.e. carriageway + paved shoulder) should be
available without any obstacles. Wherever a permanent object cannot be
removed for some reasons, provision of tandems viz. W-beam metal crash
barriers and hazard markers with reflectors must be made. Further, frangible
lighting columns and sign posts need to be used for minimizing the severity
in case of collision.
 IRC:SP:99-2013

iii) Irrespective of type of barrier being used, the slope in front of the crash
barrier shall be near to flat gradient so that safety barrier perform best when
impacted by a vehicle and the slope of ground in front of barrier shall not be
steeper than 10: 1.

10.7.2 Median barriers

Warrants: Median barriers shall be provided at the followi ~ locations:

a) At the centre of flush type medians;

b) At both ends of bridges, Road Over Bridges and grncJ separated structures
in continuation of crash barriers on structures;
c) To shield fixed objects. If necessary, median barr l r shall be flared to
encompass a fixed object, which may be a light po l, foundation of overhead
signs, bridge pier etc. ;

d) In the depressed medians having width less than 15 rn.

10.7.3 Crash barrier acceptance standards

The barrier shall be capable of restraining a vehicle from :

i) a) Penetrating, vaulting over or wedging und r lll In loll lion;

b) Unless otherwise designed, the barrier musl rilso remain intact so
that detached elements and debris will not er olo hazards for vehicle
occupants or other traffic;

c) System must be designed and installed so th l sp arlng does not occur,

ii) The vehicle/barrier collision should result in smooth r dlr ction of the vehicle
at an angle so that the vehicle will not create h Z«-- rd lo trailing or oncoming
vehicles;

iii) The collision must not result in excessive dameg to th vehicle occupants.
iv) On main line expressway; places affecting other r llw y, important highway
and important utility lines and places; adjacent lo water bodies the crash
barrier shall comply with test level TL-3, TL-4 and TL-5 performance in
accordance with NCHRP Report 350, or containment Levels N1, N2, H1 and
H2 as per EN 1317-2.
v) For all other places such as interchange ramps, connection to local roads,
protection of bridge piers on median and road side, etc., the crash barrier
shall comply with at least Test Level TL-2 in accordance with NCH RP Report
350 or containment level N 1, N2 as per EN 1317-2.

85
IRC:SP:99-2013

10.7.4 Concrete barriers

a) Design Aspects: New Jersey type concrete barriers should be used
on flush type median, top of RCC/RE retaining walls abutting the paved/
earthen shoulder and at other locations wherever used. The crash barrier on
retaining/RE walls shall conform to the requirements specified for structures
in Section-6 of this Manual. The road side/median concrete barrier may be
pre-cast in lengths of up to 6 m depending-\Jpon the feasibility of transport
and lifting arrangements. Concrete grade for the barriers shall not be leaner
than M30. The minimum thickness of foundations shall be 25 mm thick
cement concrete or hot mix asphalt placed at the base of barrier to provide
lateral restraint. Where more than 75 mm thick overlay on the road pavement
is anticipated, the foundation step may be increased to 125 mm. However,
concrete barrier should have elaborate footing design which is structurally
safe unless sufficient earth support is available. Fig. 10.14 gives typical
details of concrete crash barriers.
Suggested flare rates depending upon the design speed are given in
Table 10.5.

Table 10.5 Flare Rates of Rigid Barriers

Design Speed in km per hour Flare Rates

120 20:1

100 17:1

b) End treatment: Safety barrier shall be provided with an end treatment, which
shall be obtained by tapering the height of terminating end of the median
barrier within a length of 8 m to 9 m.

10.7.5 Metal beam crash barriers

a) Design aspects: The metal beam crash barrier shall be of "Thrie" beam type
consisting of steel posts and a 3 mm thick "Thrie" beam rail. There shall be a
steel spacer block between the post and the beam to prevent the vehicle from
snagging on the post, as the snagging can cause the vehicle to spin round.
The steel posts and the blocking out spacer shall both be channel section of
75 mm x 150 mm size and 5 mm thick. The posts shall be spaced 2 m center
to center. Fig. 10.15 gives the typical details of "Thrie" beam rail and splices
and shall be procured and installed from a reputed manufacturer.
The Thrie beam, posts spacers and fasteners for steel barriers shall be
galvanized by hot dip process. Installations of metal beam crash barrier

86
 IRC:SP:99-2013

shall be as per Section 800 of MORTH Specifications. For any structural

element and detail not available in this Manual, the details from international
guidelines/manuals on Thrie beam which should conform to EN 1317 Part-2
can be adopted.
b) End treatment: End treatment shall be such that it does not spear, vault
or roll a vehicle for head on or angled impacts. The end treatment shall
be as per manufacturer's system and satisfying the test standards as per
EN1317-4 or NCHRP 350. .!,

c) Transition: The Thrie beam to concrete crash barrier transition shall be

carried out by decreasing the post spacing, nesting one rail behind another
and using steel section behind the Thrie Beam. The transition between Thrie
beam and concrete barrier is detailed in Fig. 10.16.

10.7.6 Wire rope safety barrier

a) Design aspects: The wire rope crash barrier may be of High tension 3-rope
or 4-rope wire rope system conforming to the requir~ments specified in para
10.7.3. The wire rope barrier shall be procured from a reputed manufacturer
who shall demonstrate that the product conforms to the relevant standards
of acceptance. Typical details of wire rope barrier are given in Fig. 10.17 and
wire rope barrier with ropes interwoven are also presented in Fig. 10.18.
b) End treatment: The end treatment shall be as per the manufacturer's details
conforming to EN 1317 Part 2. The Wire rope to Thrie beam transition is
shown in Fig. 10.19.The wire rope shall not be provided in conjunction with
a rigid or concrete barrier or a parapet. There shall be a transition from wire
rope to Thrie beam in-turn to concrete barrier as shown in Fig. 10.20.
c) The Wire Rope Safety Barrier shall not be permitted in following situations:
• In the flush type median
• Where a hazard is present with in the deflection area of the fence.
• Where total fence length is less than 50 m
• On a horizontal curve of radius 450 m or less.
• On vertical sag curve of radius less than 3 km.
• Where rate of change in setback is steeper than 1 in 10.

10.7.7 Placement

The barriers shall be as far away from the traffic as possible and shall preferably have uniform
clearance between the traffic and the hazard. The barrier shall have minimum horizontal
clearance of 0.250 m from paved surface and 3.0 m from the edge of the travelled way.
The distance between the barrier and the hazard shall not be less than the deflection of the
barrier by an impact of a full sized vehicle. In case of embankments, a minimum distance of

87
IRC:SP:99-2013

1000 mm shall be maintained between the barrier and the start of embankment slope or a
hazard, unless the crash barrier is attached structurally with structures like retaining walls.

The crash barrier shall be placed in such a way so as to be collided by vehicle directly.

When Wire Rope Safety Barrier is provided in front of a hazard, it shall be so located that it
caters to the deflection specified by the manufacturer. The barri~r shall be extended at full
A
height not less than 30 m in advance of the hazard on the approach side, and shall continue
at full height for 7.5 m beyond the hazard on the departure side. The minimum length of wire
rope fence shall be 50 m.

10.8 Road Boundary Stones (RBS)

Road boundary stones shall be provided at the boundary on both sides of the Right of Way.
These shall be spaced at 100 m intervals. The boundary stones shall be of cement concrete
as per Type Design given in IRC:25. The boundary stones shall be painted with cement
primer and enamel paint and marked 'RBS' by paint. ·

10.9 Kilometre and Hectometre Stones 1

i) The kilometre stones shall be provided at each kilometre on both sides of the 1
Expressway. The design and specification of kilometre stones shall conform a
to IRC:8. The matter to be written on various kilometre stones and the pattern
thereof shall be as specified in IRC:8.
ii) Hectometre (100 m) stones shall be provided at every 100 m distance on
both sides of the Expressway. The design and specification of 100 m stones
shall conform to 200 m stones of IRC:26. The matter to be written on the
100 m stones shall be as specified in IRC:26
iii) The kilometre and hectometre stones shall be fixed at the edge of the earthen
shoulders.

10.10 Fencing
Fencing shall be provided on entire length on either side of the Expressway to prevent entry
of pedestrians, animals and vehicles, leaving space for utilities,. The fencing shall be 2.5 m
high above ground level and shall comprise of mild steel sections and welded steel wire mesh
up to full height, firmly welded with steel section. The fencing posts shall be embedded in
concrete of minimum M15 grade and shall be designed to take care of wind forces and other
loads likely to occur. All exposed metal surfaces shall be painted with anticorrosive paint.

10.11 Glare Reduction

i) Glare reduction devices shall be installed at the following locations for
reducing the headlight glare of opposing traffic at night, which may distract
from driving tasks:

88
 IRC:SP:99-2013

a) over the crash barriers in the flush type median

b) In the depressed median of width less than 9 m,
c) On bridges and overpass sections, and
d) On horizontal curves.
Antiglare devices shall be placed at 4 to 6 m spacing. ~

ii) Installation of glare reduction devices can be omitted In the sections with the
following characteristics:
a) The median strip has a width of 9 m or larg r.
b) The difference in the elevation of centreline In opposing directions is
2 m or greater.
c) Lighting devices are installed continuously, whlcl1 r gulate use of head
lights on high beam.

10.12 Design Report

The Concessionaire shall submit the proposals for traffic control devlcos, rood safety devices
and road side furniture together with drawings and details to the lndep 11d nt Engineer for
review and comments, if any. The proposals shall include type, location, n-, l rl I speclflcations,
test reports, installation details and the requisite warranties for satisfactory n Id performance
(as applicable).

89
IRC:SP:99-2013

1
f===========2~\ \

s0
0
~
0
0
0
"'"'

---- 2.5%

Verge Paved Shoulder Carriageway

I J"OO I 3QCQ ; . 250
5CC

NOTE: All Dimensions are in mm. and Typical

Design may Change to suit the site condition.

Fig. 10.1A Typical Overhead Mounted Structure

_ Optional: Solar Energy

•I I T(-9 Il- 2 5
"ii
--

I I Lighting may be Placed

•I•I 1
SURAT

• DHULE
C\

•• " ri ~
~
'
J
••a
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- . ; ; :

Fig. 10.1 B Typical Exit Gore Sign

90
 IRC:SP:99-201 3

Fig. 10.2 Expressway Symbol Sign

Expressway Expressway BOT Package Exit Number

Exit Symbol Number Number (Chalnage)

Fig. 10.3 Typical Exit km - Numbering Sign

NH-6

Fig. 10.4 Typical Interchange Advance Guida Sign

91
 IRC:SP:99-2013

Fig. 10.5 Typical Exit Direction Sign

Fig. 10.6 Typical Exit Gore Sign

._.I
JI 20KM
'

\ii
'15 KM
Fig. 10.7 Next Supplemental Sign

92

- -~ -- .
 --- - -

IRC:SP:99-2013

Fig. 10.8 End of Expressway Sign

VADODARA (11:16)'1'1 KM
SURAT (11-40) '150KM
MUMBAI
Fig. 10.9 Typical Distance Sign (Reassurance Sign)

93
IRC:SP:99-2013

Speed Limit Sign

t l ~
/
~

- Exit Gore Sign

Exit Diredion Sign

I
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soo ll1
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g ,..11<0LM ,I Ii II
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I ~Advance Guide.

Fig 10.10 Signing Plan for Trumpet Interchange

94
 IRC:SP:99-2013

t t j

Dhule Surat

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NH-6

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t t

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lntelthange Advance Guide. .

Fig. 10.11 Typical Layout of Diamond Interchange Sign

95
IRC:SP:99-2013

--
-
~
VADODARA
,1i1r.n

,i-9 11-2!:i 8

-Ml.mbai Vadodara-

Expressway (NE-10)

Ji- 9 11-2 5 A

,~
rfWOM
~ fvlUMBAI

~
,
lill&

,i- 9 11- 25 A-8

Ji- 9 11-2 5 A-8

tvlUMB,AI
m:!Iil ~
~ VADODARA
<TiTCi(] Expressway (NE-9)
2Km
Interchange Advance Gulde.

Fig. 10.12 Typical Layout for Full Cloverleaf Interchange Sign

96
 Minimum Space Recquired For Crash Attenuators
i.e. Reserve Area (In meter
Speed of Minimum Space
Main
Preferred
Highway Restricted Unrestricted
Space
(kmph) Conditions Conditions

N L F N L FN L F
50 2 2.5 0.5 2.5 3.5 1 3.5 5 I.Si

80 2 5 0.5 2.5 7.5 1 3.

100 2 8.5 0.5 2.5 3.5 1 3.

'
The Area in Which Crash
co
......, Attenuator to be Accomodated
-- 120 2 11 0.5 2.5 17 113.

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Fig. 10.14 Typical Road Side Concrete Barrier

 - --- - -

- - - -- __
- ~~-

IRC:SP:99-2013

61
Steel Spacer Block (150x75x5
Clannel Section)

145f ') 180

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roil of 3mm thick
Detail Of Torie Beam Barrier

Section 'rhmu..sh Thrio Beam Rail Element

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Fig. 10.15 Typical Details of Thrie Beam Structural Elements

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_._ Thrie Beam Structure Connector

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 Post on Base Plate

lDl!J Traffic Direction

------------------------------------------------------
Plan

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Fig. 10.20 Typical Details on Wire Rope to Rigi~ Barrier
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION -11
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

11.1 General

Advance Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) shall be provided as per Clause 816 of
MORTH Specifications for road and bridge works.
ATMS shall have the following sub-systems.
i) Emergency Call Boxes
ii) Mobile Communication System
iii) Variable Message Signs System
iv) Metereological Data System
v) Automatic Traffic Counter and Vehicle Cl ssification
vi) Video Surveillance System
vii) Video Incident Detection System (VI DS)
Locations of each component of Advanced Traffic Management System shall be as specified
in Schedule-8 of the Concession Agreement.

105
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION -12
TOLL PLAZAS

12.1 General

The Concessionaire shall provide the Toll Plaza(s) for collection of toll/fee as per the
Concession Agreement. The fee collection system shall be.!9Iectronic toll collection (ETC)
system, unless specified otherwise in Schedule-C of the Concession Agreement. The design
of the Toll Plaza(s) should be aesthetically pleas_
ing. The fee collection staff where it becomes
necessary to collect toll fee through cash or smart card should be efficient, courteous and
adequately trained before deployment.

12.2 Location of Toll Plaza

The Toll Plaza shall be located at every entry/exit ramp onto/from the Project Expressway. A
typical location of a toll plaza, a toll office, and a maintenance office is given in Fig. 12.1 .

12.3 Land for Toll Plaza

Adequate land for Toll Plaza shall be acquired to permit the provision of toll lanes for a
projected peak hour traffic of 25 years or the concession period whichever is more including
all other buildings and structures to be accommodated at the Toll Plaza location. Land shall
be acquired as per provisions of the Concession Agreement.

12.4 Layout and Design of Toll Plaza

12.4.1 ETC system

i) The Concessionaire shall provide the electronic toll collection (ETC) system
with a minimum of two toll lanes in each direction for collection of toll/fee
through cash or smart card as a back-up; unless specified otherwise in
Schedule-C of the Concession Agreement. The ETC system shall comprise
of self adhesive tag on the wind shield of vehicle getting read by trans
receivers at the toll plaza gantry.
ii) The following facilities shall be provided:
a) Antenna system shall be employed on the gantry as the roadside
equipment
b) CC TV Cameras shall be installed for enforcement and checking vehicle
lincence plates.

12.4.2 Combination of cash, smart card and ETC system

Where Schedule-C of the Concession Agreement specifies collection of toll/fee through a

combination of cash, smart card and ETC system, the Toll Plaza shall comprise of following
elements:-

106

- - .
IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-12
TOLL PLAZAS

12.1 General

The Concessionaire shall provide the Toll Plaza(s) for collection of toll/fee as per the
Concession Agreement. The fee collection system shall be.£8lectronic toll collection (ETC)
system, unless specified otherwise in Schedule-C of the Concession Agreement. The design
of the Toll Plaza(s) should be aesthetically pleasing. The fee collection staff where it becomes
necessary to collect toll fee through cash or smart card should be efficient, courteous and
adequately trained before deployment.

12.2 Location of Toll Plaza

The Toll Plaza shall be located at every entry/exit ramp onto/from the Project Expressway. A
typical location of a toll plaza, a toll office, and a maintenance office is given in Fig. 12.1.

12.3 Land for Toll Plaza

Adequate land for Toll Plaza shall be acquired to permit the provision of toll lanes for a
projected peak hour traffic of 25 years or the concession period whichever is more including
all other buildings and structures to be accommodated at the Toll Plaza location. Land shall
be acquired as per provisions of the Concession Agreement.

12.4 Layout and Design of Toll Plaza

12.4.1 ETC system

i) The Concessionaire shall provide the electronic toll collection (ETC) system
with a minimum of two toll lanes in each direction for collection of toll/fee
through cash or smart card as a back-up; unless specified otherwise in
Schedule-C of the Concession Agreement. The ETC system shall comprise
of self adhesive tag on the wind shield of vehicle getting read by trans
receivers at the toll plaza gantry.
ii) The following facilities shall be provided :
a) Antenna system shall be employed on the gantry as the roadside
equipment
b) CC TV Cameras shall be installed for enforcement and checking vehicle
lincence plates.

12.4.2 Combination of cash, smarl card and ETC system

Where Schedule-C of the Concession Agreement specifies collection of toll/fee through a

combination of cash, smart card and ETC system, the Toll Plaza shall comprise of following
elements:-

106
,.

IRC:SP:99-2013

i) Toll collection sites - These shall predominantly provide a minimum of

three lanes for electronic toll col lection (ETC) initially and remaining required
number of lanes for collection through a combination of cash and smart
card.
ii) Toll islands - an elevated platform , typical ly made of concrete, which
provides crash protection devices on the traffic approach side of the toll
plaza for toll booths and violation ca meras ~ nd other equipment.
iii) Toll canopy - shall be wide enough to provide weather protection to toll
operators, drivers, and facilities. The ca nopy shall be of aesthetically pleasing
design with cylindrical support columns located at traffic island so that there
is no restriction on the visibility and trafflc movement. The canopy shall also
provide mounting for signage and ETC equipment, utility access to the toll
booths and ETC lanes.
iv) Pavement.
v) Service Area
vi) Administration Block
Fig. 12.2 presents Schematic Arrangement of Services f, cllillos at toll plaza.
Fig. 12.3 and Fig. 12.4 present Typical Layout of Toll Pl;,/

12.4.3 Layout

The layout shall provide for future expansion of toll lanes. Stc190 construction of Toll Plaza in
respect of number of toll lanes shall be allowed. Howov r, other structures as envisaged in
the Concession Agreement shall be provided at the initial stage itself.

12.4.4 Width of toll lane

The width of each ETC toll lane shall be 3.5 m, except for manual/smart card lanes, where it
shall be 3.2 m, and the lane width for over dimension d v hicles, where it shall be 4.5 m.

12.4.5 Toll islands at the toll plaza

Between each toll lanes of the toll plaza meant for collection through manual/smart card,
toll islands are required to accommodate toll booth . These islands shall be of minimum
25 m length and 1.8 m width. Protective barriers of reinforced concrete and traffic impact
attenuators shall be placed at the front of each island to prevent out of control approaching
vehicles crashing into the toll booth. They shall be painted with reflective chevron markings.

12.4.6 Toll booths

Toll booths may be provided of prefabricated materials or of masonry. The toll booths shall
have adequate space for seating of toll collector, computer, printer, cash box, etc. It should

107
IRC:SP:99-2013

have provision for light, fan and air conditioning. The typical details of traffic island with toll
booth are given in Fig. 12.5.
Toll booth shall be placed at the centre of each traffic island. The toll booth shall have large
glass window to provide the toll collector with good visibility of approaching vehicles. The
bottom of the window should be placed at such a height (0.9 m) above ground level as
to provide convenience of operation. The toll booths sha~ be ergonomically designed and
vandal proof. There shall be CCTV camera installed at each booth.

12.4.7 Tunnel/Overbridge

For the movement between toll office and toll booths of lane, an underground tunnel/overbridge
across all toll lanes shall be provided. Its dimension should be sufficient to accommodate the
required wiring/cable system and for convenient movement of personnel. It should also be
provided with lighting and ventilation system so that the movement is convenient.

12.4.8 Number of lanes at toll plaza

The total number of toll booths and lanes shall be such as to ensure the service time of
not more than 10 seconds per vehicle at peak flow regardless of methodology adopted for
fee collection. For purpose of guidance following parameters are suggested as capacity of
individual toll lane for design purpose:
i) Semi Automatic toll lane (Manual money transaction) 240 v/h
ii) Smart card lane 360 v/h
iii) ETC lane 1200 v/h
Not less than 2 middle toll lanes shall be capable of being used as reversible lanes to
meet the demand of tidal flow. One additional lane on either side shall be provided for over
dimensioned vehicles.
Toll plazas shall be designed for projected peak hour traffic of 25 years or the Concession
Period whichever is more. Stage construction of toll plaza in respect of number of toll lanes
shall be allowed provided the design caters for a minimum period of 15 years. If at any time,
the queue of vehicles becomes so large that the waiting time of the user exceeds three
minutes, the number of toll lanes shall be increased and/or system of collection improved so
that the maximum waiting time is brought down to less than three minutes.

At entry and exit of the toll booths, the rate of taper for transition length for the carriageway
of expressway and ramp carriageway shall be 1:25 and 1:15 respectively.

12.4.9 Removable barrier

Removable type barriers shall be provided for emergency or maintenance area cross over
and to accommodate reversible toll lanes.

108

-- -~ - - -- -- ..
__________
 IRC:SP:99-2013

12.4.10 Canopy

All the toll lanes and toll booths shall be covered with a canopy. The canopy shall be wide
enough to provide weather protection to toll operators, drivers and facilities. The canopy shall
be of aesthetically pleasing design with cylindrical support columns located at traffic island so
that there is no restriction on visibility and traffic movement. The vertical clearance shall be
as prescribed in this Manual.

12.4.11 Drainage

The toll plaza shall be provided with surface qnd sub-surface drainage system so that all the
storm water is drained off efficiently and no ponding or stagnation of water takes place at any
area of the toll plaza.

12.4.12 Equipment for toll lanes

Toll collection system shall comprise of the following equipment/systems;

i) Automatic Vehicle Counter cum Classifier
ii) Automatic Boom Barrier
iii) Contactless Smart Card Systems
iv) Ticket Printer
v) User Fare Display unit
vi) Close Circuit Television System (CCTV)
vii) Lane Controller
viii) Traffic Light System
ix) Intercom System
x) Over Head Lane Signs
xi) Integrated Toll Management Software
All equipment shall have built-in or external surge protection system.

12.4.13 Prevention of overloading

Toll plaza location shall also be provided with system for checking and preventing overloading
of vehicles at toll plaza. WIM should be installed at least 500 m ahead of Toll Plaza. Vehicles
found to be overloaded shall not be allowed to use the Expressway.

12.4.14 Pavement

Concrete pavement shall be provided in the Toll Plaza area including tapering zone, from
durability and longtime serviceability consideration . The rigid pavement shall be designed as
per IRC:58.

109
IRC:SP:99-2013

12.4.15 Traffic signs

A well thought out strategy should be evolved for providing traffic signs and road markings in
and around the Toll Plaza in accordance with IRC:67 and IRC:35. The Concessionaire would
design the configuration/placement of such signs for toll plaza as are not given in IRC:67 and
furnish to the Independent Engineer for review so as to ensure uniformity of signs in use on
all the highways across the country.
~

Signs should be placed along the Project Expressway, roadway of Toll Plaza to guide and
render assistance to the drivers approaching the Toll Plaza. It is necessary to alert the driver
about the existence of Toll Plaza two km ahead with repeaters sign 1 km and 500 m ahead.
Stop sign shall always be used in combination with certain road markings such as stop line
and the word 'STOP' marked on the pavement.
The Toll Plaza sign should be supplemented by the sign advising the users of the notified toll
rates (fees) for various types of vehicles and exempted categories of vehicles.
Appropriate Signs and Signals shall also be provided on the cano,py of toll plaza to properly
guide the approaching vehicles about the lane in operation, lane applicable to specific
category of vehicle, lane with Electron ic Toll System, reversible lane, etc. Fig. 12.6 presents
details of Traffic Signs and Road Markings in Toll Plaza

12.4.16 Road markings

The road markings shall be used in accordance with Section-10 of this Manual. The road
markings for the Toll Plaza area shall consist of lane markings, diagonals, chevron markings.
Single centre line is provided at the centre of carriageway at toll gate to demarcate each
service lane. Diagonal markings for central traffic island and chevron markings at side traffic
island shall be provided to guide the approaching and separating traffic.
In order to control overspeeding of the vehicle approaching toll booth, transverse bar markings,
as per typical details given in Fig 12.7 shall be provided.

12.4.17 Lighting

The toll plaza shall have lighting system to provide visibility to drivers for the use of facility
especially to access the correct service lane and also to the toll collector. Indian Standard
'Code of Practice for Lighting of Public Thoroughfare ' IS: 1944 shall be followed. This
would be done by interior and exterior lighting as indicated below. Power supply shall be
from public power supply system, but standby generating set of the capacity to supply the
required power shall be provided at toll plaza.
i) Interior Lighting: The toll booths and facility building office shall be
illuminated adequately. Indoor lighting shall be with fluorescent lamps.
Lighting should be provided in such a manner that glare is avoided or
minimised. The level of illumination shall be 200 to 300 Lux as per IS:3646
part 11.

110
IRC:SP:99-2013

in the same campus for vehicles for the staff and workers and other vehicles engaged in the
operation of the Project Expressway.

The size of the office complex depends on the minimum requirement of above facilities
Provision for future expansion: The office building shall be located taking into consideration
of future expansion.

12.4.21 U-Turn ramp

U-turn ramp shall be installed near the toll plaza for vehicles operated by Operations
Management personnel for safe operations as indicated Fig. 12.2.

12.5 Toll System

"Closed system of toll collection" shall be adopted. Closed System of tolling means that
payment need to be made only at the exit by either charging the same to the On-Board Unit
on the wind-screen of the vehicle passing through the ETC lane or depositing the ticket
collected at the entry.

A closed toll system has an entrance and exit booth for the toll system and captures all users
and revenue of the system. Toll plazas are located at every interchange preventing diversion
around main lane toll plazas. Upon entering the toll system, the On-Board Unit on the vehicle
of the user is read. In case of manual/smart card collection system, the user receives a ticket.
When exiting, the user gives the ticket to the toll collector and is charged a set fee as per
policy decision and notification. In case of ETC system, the tag on that vehicle of the user is
charged accordingly.

12.6 Report to be submitted

The design and layout of Toll Plaza complex including all facilities shall be submitted to the
Independent Engineer for review and comments, if any.

112

~ ~ -- -- --- .
- ..
 IRC:SP:99-2013

Fig. 12.1 Typical Location of Toll plaza, Toll Office, and

Maintenance Office at Trumpet-type Interchange

113
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 C ofToll llooth
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Fig. 12.4 Toll Plaza Area (ETC Lanes at Center)

 IRC:SP:99-2013

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Fig. 12.5 Typical Layout for Traffic Island with Toll Booth
IRC:SP:99-2013

2050
_ _ Toll Plaza
- - ml ....-rr-"11
TOLL RATE FOR CAR

FROM KOTPUTLI
•j&Hi
FROM MANESAR
li&hi Stop Marking
FROM GURGAON
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FROM DELHI
•;ifri
12000
Toll Rate Sign

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Toil Plaza Sign
Fig. 12.6 Traffic Signs and Road Markings in Toll Plaza

LI I 1 10 L9 LS L~ ,~ IJ

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L9-30 3 :is per IRC:35.
LIO· ;? 3

ll l -32 3

Fig. 12.7 Details of Suggestive Transverse Bar Marking for Speed Control at Toll Plaza

118
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-13
PROJECT FACILITIES: SERVICE AREAS,
PICK-UP BUS STOPS, STATE BORDER CHECK POSTS

13.1 Service Areas

13.1.1 Introduction

Service areas shall be planned and provided as wayside amenities for users of the expressways
to enable them to stop, take rest and refresh themselves so as lo ease their fatigue. These
areas also cover facilities for providing fuel for.,vehicles and emergency requirements without
having to exit from the expressway. Thus, provision of service areas and their operation and
maintenance are to be an integral part of the Project Expressway for comfortable and safe
driving.

13.1 .2 Site spacing

i) The service areas may be planned at approximately 50 km intervals (This

may correspond to roughly 45 minutes of driving). Location of service areas
shall be as given in Schedule-C of the Concession Agr ment.
ii) In addition to the regular service areas, only toilet facilitl s are also required
to be provided. Their locations may be approximately half way (midway)
between the service areas. These toilet facilities may b on short laybyes
off the expressway shoulders but with proper deceleration and acceleration
lanes. Further, such laybyes may not be located on sharp curves or inside of
curves. Location of laybyes for toilet facilities shall be as given in Schedule-C
of the Concession Agreement.

13.1.3 Service facilities

The principal users of the expressway are passenger car users, bu s users, goods vehicles
drivers and other attendants. The service area shall provide the following facilities for the
expressway users.
a) For Vehicles
i) Parking lot: Separate lot for cars, buses and trucks
ii) Fuel station: Provision for petrol, diesel, CNG, oil , air, etc.
iii) Garage: For minor repairs and service for vehicles
b) For Passengers/Drivers
i) Walkways and access roads: Internal circu lation, connecting parking
lot with toilet blocks and other facilities, access road from/to the
expressway
ii) Green spaces/lawns: May also include picnic tables, benches
iii) Toilets: Separately for men, women and physically challenged

119
IRC:SP:99-2013

iv) Kiosks: For cold drinks, water, eatables, public information, photos,
batteries, ATM
v) Restaurant/Fast food : Cafeteria, meals, fast food , handwash,
(preferably, separate area be earmarked for truckers)
vi) Cubicles, dormitories: Some space for rest and longer stay (especially
for truckers). Some space for child care.
vii) Business lounge: Cubicles for internet.??. fax, photocopying
viii) First Aid: Nursing Aid
ix) Waste receptacles: Bins for waste disposal
x) Others: Toiletries, medicines, tourist information
c) For operation and maintenance of service area
i) Water storage tank, recycling of waste water
ii) Electricity supply
iii) Incinerator
iv) Service roads
v) Sewage disposal
vi) Staff room for O&M personnel
vii) Parking for O&M personnel

13.1.4 Site location

i) The location may be decided keeping in view factors such as scenic attributes,
availability of utilities (potable water, waste water disposal, telephone,
electrical service), potential environment impact, availability of adequate
right of way (ROW).
ii) The site should not be less than two km from an interchange unless the site
itself is planned and provided as an interchange-cum-service area.

13.1.5 Size
i) The size of the service area would depend mainly upon the number of
parking spaces needed for cars, buses and trucks. This would be a function
of Average Daily Traffic and likely percentage of traffic wishing to stop by the
service area. Annex 13.1 gives broad guidance for assessing number of
parking spaces. The size of other facilities like toilets, cafeteria, restaurants
for passengers and drivers, lawns, walkway, road access and service facilities
would be linked to the number of users on the one hand and availability of
land and topography of the area on the other.
ii) The size of the service area would be sum total of areas required to provide
the magnitude and level of facilities and amenities indicated in para 13.1.3

120
 IRC:SP:99-2013

above. A minimum area of five hectares shall be provided. The service area
upto fifteen hectares is considered generally manageable and this will provide
enough space for landscaping and allow for future expansion requirements
with growth of traffic on the expressway.
iii) The services of a competent and experienced landscape architect and a
transportation professional are essential for assessing the requirements of
each of the facility component indicated in para 13.1.3 above and working out
suitable layout. Factors such as separatio~ of facilities for passengers and
truckers, walking distance from parking lot to toilets, restaurants, etc. and
relevant byelaws of local bodies including fire safety, environment, aesthetic
and landscaping aspects shall be considered while designing and preparing
the layout and design. Typical layouts are indicated in Fig. 13.1A to 13.1F.
iv) Provision of toilets is another key facility which the users look for in service
areas. Special care is required for provision of ventilation and light in toilet
areas. Separate toilets need to be provided for the persons with disabilities.
The number of toilet facilities will depend upon t~e number of users. No
standard guidelines are available in this regard. Tables 13.1 and 13.2 give
the minimum requirements for these facilities linked to the ADT and
composition of trucks in the total traffic.
Table 13.1 Number of Toilet Facilities for Car and Bus Users

Percent Heavy ADT-20000 vpd ADT-40000 vpd

Vehicles Urinals Men's Women's PwD Urinals Men's Women's PwD
30 8 4 8 2 14 6 12 2
40 8 4 8 2 14 6 12 2
50 6 4 6 2 10 4 8 2
60 6 4 6 2 10 4 8 2
PwD = Persons with Disabilities

Table 13.2 Number of Toilet Facilities for Truck Users

Percent Heavy ADT-20000 vpd ADT-40000 vpd

Vehicles Urinals Men's Women's PwD Urinals Men's Women's PwD
30 6 4 2 2 10 6 4 2
40 6 4 2 2 10 6 4 2
50 8 4 4 2 12 8 6 2
60 8 4 4 2 12 8 6 2
PwD = Persons with Disabilities

121
IRC:SP:99-2013

v) Annex 13.2 gives the provisions required for persons with disabilitie , I,,
physically challenged persons.

13.1.6 Design considerations

For design considerations of various facilities , reference may also be made to MOI~ 111
Guidelines for Expressways.

13.1.7 Operation and maintenance

i) An operation and maintenance plan shall be developed for the service ·111 • ,
to ensure that various maintenance activities are appropriately considered 1, ,
part of ongoing service area operations. During construction , the equipmo11l•
installed, wiring diagrams, water lines, sewerage, pumps, septic tank, w~I 1
coolers, lighting fi xtures, etc. all shall be documented as to locations, typ ,,
models, etc. All these details should be included in the O&M Manual for l111 ,
Expressway.
ii) A list of emergency contacts with telephone numbers and addresses shall 1>11
kept and displayed at the service area.

13.2 Pick-Up Bus Stops

13.2.1 Introduction
The operators of bus services plying on the expressway would require facility of bus stop ,
at important towns and village settlements en-route served by the expressway for enablln J
the passengers to either get down or to pick-up the passengers wanting to get in. Since l111 1
expressway is not open to pedestrians, the bus stops have to be located outside the Right ol
Way of the expressway to ensure safe and unimpeded travel.

13.2.2 Location
The pick-up bus stops shall be located at the inter-.change points and planned in a mann 1
that passengers are kept away from the expressway facility. The pick-up bus stops shall not
be located in the Service Area except where the service area itself is planned at an inter
change point. The location of pick-up bus stops shall be as given in Schedule-C of tho
Concession Agreement.

13.2.3 Design philosophy

Basically, the design and layout of the pick-up bus stops may be integrated with local buc
services and intermediate public transport (auto rickshaws, taxis, etc.). Adequate transit
facility shall be planned and provided accordingly. Being a closed system of tolls to be adoptecl
on expressways, there shall be specially designed access road for buses exiting from th
expressway to the bus-stop and thereafter entering the expressway such that the bus doe

122
 IRC:SP:99-2013

not leave the access road except for letting the passengers get down from the bus or get into
the bus from the pick-up bus stops. Fig. 13.2 presents a typical functional arrangement of
pick-up bus stops at the Expressway combined with local bus stop facility.

· 13.3 State Border Check Posts

13.3.1 Introduction

The state border check posts shall be planned and provided to enable the State Authorities
to exercise checks as per Applicable Laws on· the vehicles crossing the state border. Such
checks may be related to sales tax, VAT, entry tax, tourist permit tax, forest related taxes,
etc.

13.3.2 Location

The check posts shall be provided on laybyes off the Expressway shoulders with proper
deceleration and acceleration lanes. Further, such laybyes will be located immediately after
crossing the state border. The location of check posts shall be as given in Schedule-C of
the Concession Agreement.

13.3.3 Design consideration

The design of the check post will be undertaken in consultation with the State Authorities.
Normally, a built-up area of 300 sqm would suffice Including the toilet facilities. An open area
of around 300 sqm adjoining the building block sh II be reserved for parking of vehicles.
Typical layout is given in Fig. 13.3.

123
IRC:SP:99-2013

Annex 13.1

Broad Guidance for Assessment of Parking Spaces in Service Areas

1) The parking lots shall be provided separately for cars, buses and trucks in
the same service area complex. ~

2) The number of parking spaces depend upon:

• the total average daily traffic:
• usage ratio, i.e. the ratio of vehicles likely to use the service area facility,
• design hour factor, i.e. the peak hour volume in relation to the average
flow
• stay in hours
3) AASHTO, UK Department of Transport and JICA have formulated their own
guidelines for assessment of parking lots in Rest Areas. Based on these
practices, a simplified approach is given hereunder.
4) Find out the ADT of cars, buses and trucks only for the direction in which the
Service Area lies for which the assessment is to be done.
Then the number of parking spaces will be given by the equation.
N =ADT x UR x DHF x L
Where N = number of parking spaces
ADT = Average Daily Traffic in the direction of service area
UR= Usage Ratio
DHF = Design Hour Factor
L = Stay in Hours
5) The suggestive values of UR, DHF and L for cars, buses and trucks are
given in Table 1 below:
Table 1 Usage Factors Proposed

Number (N) of Parking Spaces (per

Type of Vehicle UR DHF L 1000 vpd of a Particular Class in one
Direction)
Cars 0.15 0.10 30/60 7.5 per 1000 cars
Buses 0.20 0.12 24/60 9.6 per 1000 buses
Trucks 0.15 0.12 36/60 10.8 per 1000 trucks

6) An illustrative exercise is now undertaken for a total ADT of 40,000 vpd in

both directions with four cases of traffic composition as per Table 2 and
Table 3:

124
 IRC:SP:99-201 3

Table 2 Broad Composition of Traffic

Percent Composition Assumed

Class Case I Case II Case Ill Case IV

Cars 75 70 63 50
Buses 5 5 - 7 10
Trucks 20 25 30 40

Table 3 Number of Parking Spaces for Total ADT of 40,000 vpd in Both Directions
Percent of CVs Number of Parking Spaces
Case Trucks Buses Cars Buses Trucks PwD
Case I 20 5 114 10 44 4
Case II 25 5 106 10 54 4
Case Ill 30 7 96 14 66 4
Case IV 40 10 76 20 88 4
PwD = Persons with Disabilities

7) To begin with, minimum number of parking spaces may be provided

considering an ADT of 20,000 vpd In both directions with scope for future
expansion in tune with traffic growth nd usage experienced at the particular
Service Area. The minimum parking spaces to be provided shall be as per
Table 4 below:
Table 4 Minimum Number of Parking Spaces

Percent of CVs Numbol' of Parking Spaces

Trucks Buses Cars Busos Trucks PwD
20 5 60 5 25 2
25 5 50 5 30 2
30 7 50 7 35 2
40 10 40 10 45 2
PwD = Persons with Disabilities

125
 ~C:SP:99-2013

Annex 13.2
Floo1
PROVISIONS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PwD) •
:or this Manual, the disabilities mean which confine individuals to wheel chair for mobility.
·he standard size of wheel chair as generally considered is 1,050 mm x 750 mm.

\t the wayside amenity centres/rest areas, the level of the roads, access paths and parking
ireas require special considerations as described bel~_w :

4ccess Path/Walk Way: Access path from entry to parking lot and to facility centre shall be
11inimum of 1,800 mm wide having even surface without any steps. Slope, if any, shall not
have gradient greater than 5 percent. Finishes shall have a non slip surface with a texture
traversable by a wheel chair as well as for trolley baggage. Kerbs wherever provided should
blend to a common level.
Lift~
Parking: For parking of vehicles, the following provisions are required:
chai
Surface parking for at least two Car Spaces shall be provided near entrance, with of 1
maximum travel distance of 30 m from facility entrance.
The width of parking bay shall be minimum 3 .6 m.
The signage for reserved space for wheel chair users shall be conspicuously
displayed using large sign boards.
The slope of parking spaces reserved for Persons with Disabilities (PwD) on
wheel chair especially should not exceed 1 (one) percent gradient. Fig. 13.1 G
presents typical layout.
Ramp should be complemented by flights of steps, as many people (crutch users)
have more difficulty coping with ramps than steps, particularly when descending.
To
Landings - every 750 mm of vertical rise, width should be 1800 mm wide to permit
wit
wheelchairs to pass. Over short lengths, a minimum width of 1200 mm can be
accepted. Fig. 13.1H presents typical arrangement.

Ramped Facilities: Ramp shall be finished with non slip material to enter the facility. Minimum
width of ramp shall be 1,800 mm with maximum gradient 1V:20H .

Exit/Entrance Door: Minimum clear opening of the entrance door shall be 900 mm and it
shall not be provided with a step that obstructs the passage of a wheel chair.

Entrance landing: Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with the minimum
dimension 1,800 mm x 2,000 mm. the entrance landing that adjoin the top end of a slope shall
be provided with floor materials to attract the attention of persons (limited to coloured floor
material whose colour and brightness is conspicuously different from that of the surrounding S1
floor materials). Finishes shall have a non slip surface with a texture traversable by a wheel pi
chair. th
Cl

126
 IRC:SP:99-2013

Flooring:
• Tactile floor blocks should be provided to orient persons with low vision, vision
impairment and deaf blind. These blocks should have a colour (preferably canary
yellow), which contrasts with the surrounding surface.
• Guide path (line blocks) has straight continuous line and indicate the correct path/
route to follow, leading to building entrances, an amenity, bus stop etc. and should
not be located close to manholes or drains, to -avoid confusion for persons with
vision impairments.
• Warning (dot/blistered blocks) strip provides warning signal to screen off obstacles,
drop-offs or other hazards, to discourage movement in an incorrect direction and
to warn of a corner or junction. Should be placed 300 mm at the beginning and
end of the ramps, stairs and entrance.
Lifts: Wherever lift is required, provision shall be kept for at least one space for the wheel
chair, with the following cage dimensions (Bureau of Indian Standards). Clear internal depth
of 1,100 mm, Internal width of 2,000 mm and Entrance door width 9f 900 mm.
A hand rail not less than 600 mm long at 1,000 mm above floor level shall be fixed
adjacent to the control panel.
The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1,800 mm x 1,800 mm or
more.
The time of an automatically closing door should be minimum 5 seconds and the
closing speed should not exceed 0.25 mis.
The interior of the cage shall be provided with a device that audibly indicated the
floor the cage has reached and indicates that the door of the cage for entrance/
exit is either open or closed.
Toilets: At least one special WC in a set of toilet shall be provided for the use of handicapped
with essential provision of wash basin near the entrance.
The minimum size shall be 1,500 mm x 1,750 mm.
Minimum clear opening of the door shall be 900 mm and the door shall swing
out.
Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal handrails with 50 mm clearance from
wall shall be made in the toilet.
The WC seat shall be 500 mm from the door.
Drinking Water: Suitable provision for drinking water shall be made for the handicapped
near the special toilet provided for them.

Signage: Appropriate identification of specific facilities within a building for the handicapped
persons should be done with proper signages. Signs should be designed and located so that
they are easily legible. To ensure safe walking, there should not be any protruding sign which
creates obstruction in walking. Public Address System shall be provided.

127
SP:99-2013
contrasting colour and properly illuminated. A symbol
"t, toilet, staircase, parking areas etc., that have been
PRO'
,j
· presents typical signages. -
· this Manual, ~ i
~ standard si; ~ L
~ -:-..:
~ V,.:,·
·equirements at various usage places.
I

the waysir i ~<?:,

::L- .

::!as requ'~-::,.. i;:, ~-

~-
J) 0- i...... ~
2. 9..
0
:;ces~ ;:,iP ~-o ,.,
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t~-~~
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-~
--
" ~ s(#"~irmt11
v
o ~~
t-~
51-Sa'•~~'il

f~.13.18 One

128
 IRC:SP:99-2013

600m
... 400m
..

Toll Plaza
E
8
<D

Legend

Collector-distributor

Q Grade separated connection

O Grade separation

IC - Interchange

SA- Se!vice Aiea

BS- Bus Stop National Expressway

Fig. 13.1A Conceptual Drawing of IC cum SA cum BS

Service Area Layout Variations

I~
1111

National
Highway

Legend
Collector-<listributor

0 Grade separated connection

I
z
Q Grade separation

Fig. 13. 1B One - Side Located Fig. 13 .1C One - Direction Service for Alternate Exit

129
 IRC:SP:99-201 3

;ize and Small-size Amenities

PRO'
-5
For this Manual, ~ 1
The standard si- ~co L....,.
I ~ tD-·
At the waysir'' 6 ~ <?,
;:L_ -
areas requ'~ ~ <Ji ~-
-e, o- <).- ;::, ~-
Acces!-' ;::,<fl ~-o
O ~ ~ <?, (Stand-alone when spacing of
mini'b z_.,,,.,. C. ~-
:;:;..-- Interchange> 40km)
=--- ~ 0-
ha~~
tp.. 0- -

vmall Vehicles
.vi
~~ Parking

I
Fig. 13.1D Full-sized Amenity Fig. 13.1 E Small-sized Amenity

-
Parking for Large Vehicles

~
CD
C
CD
I Foot Path W=12m I
I!!
(!) Toilets Toilets [
Gents Ladies
Cubicles
l [ Fastfood j[ Shops
Service Path
][ Restaurant
l
rroilets Toilets [
Gents Ladies Cubicles
l [ Fastfood ][ Shops
][ Restaurant
l
~ P.C.
I Foot Path W=12m I

Parking for Small Vehicles

P.C.: Physically challenged

---- Fig. 13.1 F Typical Layout of Service Areas

130

~ -- ~

------------- - - - - - - - ---- - - --- - _____.,__ ,

 IRC:SP:99-2013

Pedestrian pathway

17 17 17
I I I I = = I == '\

I I I

~
CJ ,I I
CJ CJ
I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
LI I
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L.. ....J L.. ....J L.. ....J
-
- 1

Fig.13.1 G Parking Facilities

- - -..: · 5CO-n:n
Pedestrian pathway
-- :--- JCO~M

I>>>>>>> l>>)>>>)>>I
Fig.13.1 H Ramp Facilities Approach to Parking

Counter
Telephone Stand

Mailbox Vending Machine Wall-Mounted Telephone

Fig.13.1I Fcilities

Toilet
Direction Identification lnfom1a1ion

Fig.13.1J Signage Facilities

Provisions For Physically Challenged Persons

131
IRC:SP:99-2013

PROV
:S-
For this Manual, tt" o
... z
The standard si7 ~ L,,,._.

At the ways1ri
. I
~

~ ~.
~~
::L -
cT.,_.,,.-r-_-1-r-\,c--lr--r-' 7
'COD
i
areas requ1~ ~
0

·-.·~~ E:E'
~ 0- C).. N g Space for Access
Acces5 i ~~ J_ ::!
minirg z..,,,,,.,~i:;;..-- ~
- l..---11.Q=Om.....,_.,-'-
. - -l _i
~ 0- '.ilities
ha~ ~
tr.5- 0- -

Fig.13.1 L To Restaurant or Toilet

\ d 0

\ 21 1 go !..'1

IT
~ cf
0
\ o-1-
\,
850- 700\.

Handrail (Inside Stall)

~
f2 I

"'
I
Side Elevation of Toilet Stall
l i
Fi .13.1M Toilet Facilities (Dimension in millimeters)

Provisions For Physically Challenged Persons

132
 IRC:SP:99-2013

18~8Q_ _ _ _--'

CD>--- -----'1 ? 00
6t.Q ti1UO

- - Utility Space

Typical Layout

1 2 3 (4
15 () 1780
1,_r 4020 _f _ 4QQQ___l
~jOO
t,
J() 000
t-
100( 10 0~ 7
I
100
0
N

r
'.', -@-

Exit Note:
All Dimensions
1000 ( - _j iOOO 1000 Shown are Indicative
. 2QQQ....1
2000

Expressway Transit Facility

Fig.13.2 Typical Functional Arrangement of Expressway Bus Route

and Local Bus Route at Bus Stop.
133
 ;::o
0
U)
7J
<D
<D
I
I\.)
0
......
(.,J

Toilet
Block

Parking
Lot
Check
Post

...... ~

(.,J

1/L
.i::,..

State Border

Expressway
.
. ___________
. ····-·•-···-··--····-·-···--·-·--···-----........_.____________ -·······-···
- ______..,_ - ---------- -------· ---- - ---
.
----------------· ------------·-------~----- ---····---- l '---
Expressway

Fig. 13.3 Typical Layout of State Border & Entry Check Post
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SECTION-14
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS,
LANDSCAPING AND TREE PLANTATION

14.1 Context

Expressway projects are likely to be associated with some adverse environment impacts during
construction, maintenance and operation stages. Significant impacts during construction
relate to clearing, grading or road bed construction; loss of vegetative cover; foreclosure of
land uses; property severance at community/individual levels; changes in natural drainage
patterns; changes in ground water table, landslides, erosion, streams, ponds and lake
sedimentation, degradation of cultural sites, interference with movements of wild life, live
stock and local residents. Many of these impacts can arise not only at construction sites but
also at quarries, borrow pits and material storage areas serving the Project Expressway. In
addition, impacts can occur due to air and ground pollution from construction plants; dust
from construction vehicle movements, noise from construction equipment and blasting, use
of pesticides, fuel and oil spills, trash and garbage etc.

14.2 Environmental Management Plan

Many of the direct adverse impacts can be avoided/mitigated at the design stage.
Accordingly while the Authority will seek the Environmental clearance for the Project
Expressway from the relevant Ministri es, Departments; the Concessionaire shall be
responsible for implementation of Environmental Management Plan and action plan for
undertaking possible mitigation measures in accordance with extant guidelines for highway
projects of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) and Wildlife Department of the
Government of India.

The Authority shall rnake available to the Concessionaire, the list of conditions and directions
stipulated by the MOEF at the time of giving their clearance for the Project Expressway and it
shall be the responsibility of the Concessionaire to incorporate the same in its Environmental
Management Plan referred to above.

14.3 Landscaping and Tree Plantation

14.3.1 General

The Concessionaire shall planttrees and shrubs of required number and type atthe appropriate
locations within the Right of Way and in the land earmarked by the Authority for afforestation
keeping in view the IRC Guidelines on Landscaping and Tree Plantation. The Authority
will specify the number of trees which are required to be planted by the Concessionaire
as compensatory afforestation or otherwise in Schedule-C of the Concession Agreement.
The Concessionaire shall also maintain the trees and shrubs in good condition during the
Concession Period as per the maintenance schedule. Plantation shall be at the edge of the
Right of Way.

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14.3.2 Design considerations in various locations

a) Set-back distance of trees and other plantation
Trees on the roadside shall be sufficiently away from the roadway so that
they are not a hazard to road traffic or restrict the visibility. Most vulnerable
locations in this regard are the inside of curves, medians, entry/exit ramps
and cut slopes. Trees shall be placed at a minimum distance of 14 m from
the centre line of the left side paved shoufder to provide recovery area for the
vehicle that runs off the road.
b) Plantation in medians
In the sections of the Project Expressway where median width is more than
3 m, shrubs shall be planted and maintained to cut off headlight glare from
traffic in the opposite direction. Flowering plants and shrubs are eminently
suited for the purpose. These shall be planted either in continuous rows or in
the form of baffles. The height of shrubs shall be maintained at 1.5 m to cut
off the effect of traffic lights coming from the opposite direction.
The shape of shrubs and plants shall be suitably regulated so that there is no
overgrowth either vertically or horizontally beyond the edge of the paved median.
c) Spacing of avenue trees
The spacing of avenue trees will depend on the type and growth characteristics
of trees, requirement of maintenance, penetration of distant views, etc. A
range of 10-15 m would meet the requirement for most varieties.
d) Choice of trees
The following guidelines shall be kept in view while selecting the species of
trees to be planted:
i) Trees shall be selected with due regard to soil, rainfall , temperature
and water level.
ii) Trees which become very wide shall be avoided as their maintenance
would cause interference with traffic flow.
iii) The species must be capable of developing a straight and clean bole
up to a height of 2.5 to 3.5 m from the ground level.
iv) The selected trees shall, preferably, be fast growing and wind-firm.
These shall not be thorny or drop too many leaves.
v) The trees shall be deep rooted, as shallow roots injure pavements.
vi) In urban areas, the species selected shall be of less spreading type, so
that these do not interfere with overhead services, clear views of signs/
signals, and efficiency of roadway lighting .

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14.4 Landscape Treatment

A suitable landscape treatment with provision of foundations and coloured lighting so as to

enhance the overall aesthetics duly designed by a qualified and experienced landscaping
architect, shall be provided at grade separators, elevated sections, viaducts, traffic islands,
toll plazas, bus bays, truck lay byes, rest areas, O&M centre, etc. The locations where
landscape treatment is to be given shall be specified in Schedule-C of the Concession
Agreement. The landscape treatment shall also be provir;;Jed for special areas as given in
IRC:SP:21 (para 8).

14.5 Report to be submitted

The Concessionaire shall submit scheme for Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and
for plantation and maintenance of plants and trees to the Independent Engineer for review
and comments, if any.

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SECTION -15
LIGHTING

15.1 General
i) The Concessionaire shall provide lighting at locations of the Project
Expressway specified in Schedule-C of the ~Concession Agreement, using
appropriate system and source of electric power as per the requirements of
this Section .
ii) The Concessionaire shall make suitable arrangements for procuring power
supply to ensure uninterrupted lighting during night and when visibility is low,
including provision of Diesel Generator sets as standby arrangements.
iii) The Concessionaire shall bear all costs of procurement, installation, running
and operation cost of all lighting, including cost of energy consumption
specified in this Section.

15.2 Specifications
i) Unless stated otherwise elsewhere in this Manual, the minimum level of
illumination on the stretches of the Project Expressway including Toll Plazas,
truck lay-byes, interchanges etc. shall be as given in Table 15.1 .
Table 15.1 Minimum Level of Illumination

Category Average level uo U1 T1

Expressways 25 lux 0.4 0.7 15%

where,
U0: overall uniformity
U1: uniformity along the axis of the road
T1 : maximum glare
ii) The layout of the lighting system together with type of luminaries for different
locations shall be prepared by the Concessionaire in such a manner that the
minimum illumination level prescribed in para 15.2(i) is achieved and shall
be submitted to the Independent Engineer for review and comments, if any,
for comp liance by the Concessionaire.
iii) Overhead electrical power and telecommunication lines erected within the
ROW by the Concessionaire shall be provided with adequate clearance so
that safe use of the Expressway is not affected.
iv) Vertical and horizontal clearances for electrical installations shall conform to
IRC:32.

138

. .
 IRC:SP:99-2013

v) All the fixtures, wires/cables, lights shall conform to relevant BIS specifications
as a minimum. The Concessionaire with the prior review and comments of
the Independent Engineer can use fixtures with better specifications.

15.3 Lighting Standards

The overall quality of an installation for lighting has severat.components:

·,
i) Average luminance level: This is all-important, as it not only impinges on
the safety benefits but also largely determines the power requirements and
hence the running costs. In siryipler design processes,..,and' for checking the
performance of an installation, this translates into average illuminance level.
ii) Overall uniformity of luminance, or illuminance, both across and along the
roadway. Defined as the minimum divided by the average, and designated at U0.
iii) Uniformity of luminance, or illuminance, along the axis of the road , usually an
axis which coincides with a typical driver's eye position. Defined as the ratio
of the minimum to the maximum, and designated U1.
iv) Glare: As glare has the effect of reducing contrast, a luminary's "glare
performance", or optical control , can be expressed in terms of the increase
in background luminance necessary to compensate (threshold increment,
T1 ). The lower this figure the better. These percentages are determined by
the amount of light the luminaries project near the horizontal. This light also
causes problems of sky-glow.
v) Guidance: Whilst glare must be kept under control, a small amount of direct
light from the luminaries gives a useful sense of the "run" of the road ahead,
and can forewarn the approach of junctions or roundabouts.

15.4 Locations where Lighting is to be provided

Unless specified otherwise in Schedule-C of the Concession Agreement and elsewhere in

this Manual, the Concessionaire shall provide lighting at the following locations of the Project
Expressway.

15.4.1 Continuous expressway lighting

i) Continuous expressway lighting is considered to be warran!ed on those
sections where three or more successive interchanges i:ind cross roads
are located with an average spacing of 2.5 km or less, .nnd adjacent areas
outside the right-of-way are urban in character. ·
ii) Continuous expressway lighting shall be provided where for a length of 3 km
or more, the expressway passes near an urban area in which one or more of
the following conditions exist:
a) Local traffic operates on ~ ·complete street grid having some form of
street lighting , parts of wi1ich are visible from the expressway.
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IRC:SP:99-2013

b) The expressway passes near a series of developments such as

residential, commercial, industrial and civic areas, schools, colleges,
parks, terminals, etc., which includes roads, streets and parking areas,
yards, etc. that are lighted.
iii) In rural areas each location must be individually evaluated as to its need for
illumination.

15.4.2 Interchange lighting ,!

Complete interchange)ightin~ shall be provided on all the interchanges.

. (

15.4.3 Bridge structures and _

underpasses lighting
Lighting shall be provided inside the underpasses. The lighting of bridges and overpasses
should be of the same level and uniformity as the roadway.

15.4.4 Special situations

Tunnels

Tunnels require the use of lighting or equivalent means to provide adequate roadway and
tunnel user visibility necessary for safe and efficient traffic operations. The tunnel lighting shall
be designed as per MORTH Guidelines for Expressways, Chapter 13.5 Tunnel Lighting.

Toll Plaza Areas

The lighting in and around Toll Plaza, toll booths, office building, on the approach road , etc.
shall be as per Section-12.Toll Plazas of this Manual.

Wayside Amenities

All Wayside Amenities offering facilities should be lighted , including the entrance and exit, the
interior roadways, parking areas, and activity areas. Wayside Amenities include Rest Areas,
Truck/Bus laybys, and Pick-up bus Stops. The lighting of Wayside Amenities shall be as per
Section-13. Project Facilities of this Manual.

Other Specialized Areas

Lighting of other specialized areas should be considered with respect to the needs of the
users as well as the requirements of others interacting with the users. These other specialized
areas include truck weighing stations, inspections and enforcement areas, park-and-ride lots,
toll plazas, and escape ramps.

15.5 Report to be Submitted

The Concessionaire shall submit repo~ _E_ontaining the proposal for provision of Lighting on
the Project Expressway to the Independent Engineer for review and comments, if any.

140

-
-

- -
- - --
.
 IRC:SP:99-2013

Appendix-1
(Refer Clause 1.4)
SI. Code/ Title of the Publication
No. Document No.
1. IRC:2 Route Marker Signs for N~tional Highways
2. IRC:3 Dimensions & Weights of Road· Design Vehicles
3. IRC:5 Standard Specifications and Catle of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section I - General Features of Design
4. IRC:6 Standard Specifications and Code of Practite fof' Ro~d
Bridges, Section 11 - Loads and Stresses
5. IRC:8 Type Designs for Highway Kilometre Stones
6. IRC:9 Traffic Census on Non-Urban Roads
7. IRC:15 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Construction
of Concrete Roads
8. IRC:1 6 Standard Specifications and Code of Pr~ctice fo r Prime and
Tack Coat (Second Revision)
9. IRC:18 Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges (Post-
Tensioned Concrete)
10. IRC:22 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section VI - Composite Construction (Limit States
. Design) (Second Revision)
11 . IRC:24 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Steel Road Bridges (Limit State Method)
12. IRC:25 Type Designs for Boundary Stones
13. IRC:26 Type Design for 200 -Metre Stones
14. IRC:30 Standard Letters and Numerals of Different Heights for Use on
Highway Signs
15. IRC:32 Standard for Vertical and Horizontal Clearances of Overhead
Electric Power and Telecommunication Lines as Related to
Roads
16. IRC:34 Recommendations for Road Construction in Areas Affected by
Water Logging, Flooding and/or Salts Infestation
17. IRC:35 Code of Practice for Road Markings ~. -

18. IRC:37-2001 Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavem~ts

19. IRC:37-2012 Tentative Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements
20. IRC:38 Guidelines for Design of Horizontal Curves for Highways and
Design Tables
21. IRC:44 Guidelines for Cement Concrete Mix Design for Pavements
22. IRC:45 Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil Below the
Maximum Scour L~vel in the Design of Well Foundations of Bridges

141
IRC:SP:99-2013

SI. Code/ Title of the Publication

No. Document No.
23. IRC:56 Recommended Practices for Treatment of Embankment and
Roadside Slopes for Erosion Control
24. IRC:57 Recommencted Practice for Sealing of Joints in Concrete
.;$
Pavements
25. IRC:58 Guid~ ines for the Design of Plain Jointed Rigid Pavements for
...
·Highways
26. IRC:67 - Ce~e of Practice for Road Signs
27. IRG:73 Geometric Design Standards for Rural (Non-Urban) Highways
28. IRC:75 Guidelines for the Design of High Embankments
29. IRC:78 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges,·Section VII - Foundations and Substructure
30. IRC:83 (Part-I) Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section IX - Bearings, Part I : Metallic Bearings
31. IRC:83 (Part-II ) Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section IX - Bearings, Part II : Elastomeric Bearings
32. IRC:87 Guidelines for Formwork, Falsework and Temporary Structures
33. IRC:89 Guidelines for Design and Construction of River Training &
Control Works for Road Bridges
34. IRC:103 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities
35. IRC:104 Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway
Projects
36. IRC:107 Tentative Specifications for Bitumen Mastic Wearing Courses
37. IRC:108 Guidelines for Traffic Prediction on Rural Highways
38. IRC:111 Specifications for Dense Graded Bituminous Mixes
39. IRC:11 2 Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges
40. IRC:SP:1 3 Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts
41. IRC:SP:16 Guidelines for Surface Evenness of Highway Pavements
42. IRC:SP:19 Manual for Survey, Investigation and Preparation of Road
Projects
43. IRC:SP:21 Guidelines on Landscaping and Tree Plantation
44. IRC:SP:23 Vertical Curves for Highways
45. IRC:SP:42 \ ·, Guidelines on Road Drainage
46. IRC:SP:47 Guidelines on Quality Systems for Road Bridges (Plain,
Reinforced, Prestressed and Composite Concrete)
47. IRC:SP:49 Guidelines for the Use of Dry Lean Concrete as Sub-base for
Rigid Pavement
48. IRC:SP:53 Guidelines on Use of Modified Bitumen in Road Construction

142
 IRC:SP:99-2013

SI. Code/ Title of the Publication

No. Document No.
49. IRC:SP:54 Project Preparation Manual for Bridges
50. IRC:SP:55 Guidelines for Safety in Qonstruction Zones
51. IRC:SP:58 Guidelines for Use of Flyash in Road Embankments
52. IRC:SP:63 Guidelines for the Use of lnterlqcking Concrete Block Pavement
53. IRC:SP:69 Guidelines & Specifications for 5-xpansion
. Joints (First
Revision) -
54. IRC:SP:70 Guidelines for the Use of High Performance
,, Concrete in
Bridges
55. IRC:SP:71 Guidelines for Design and Con'struction of Pretensioned
Girder of Bridges
56. IRC:SP:80 Guidelines for Corrosion Prevention, Monitoring and Remedial
Measures for Concrete Bridge Structures
57. IRC:SP:83 Guidelines for Maintenance, Repairs & Rehabilitation of
Cement Concrete Pavements
58. IRC:SP-85 Guidelines for Variable Message Signs
59. IRC:SP-88 Road Safety Audit Manual
60. IRC:SP-89 Guidelines for Soil and Granular Material Stabilization Using
Cement Lime and Fly Ash
61. IRC:SP-90 Manual for Grade Separators and Elevated Structures
62. IRC:SP-91 Guidelines for Road Tunnels
63. IRC:SP-93 Guidelines on Requirements for Environmental Clearance for
Road Projects
64. IRC:- Structural Evaluation and Strengthening of Flexible Road
Pavements Using FWD (under print)

143
IRC:SP:99-2013

Appendix - 2
(Refer Clause 1. 11)

List of Paras fo r preparing schedules of the Concession Agreement (Refer Para 1.11)

Section Para Particulars to be specified

-
Section 1 1.12(i) Number of lanes to be providesd for the Project Expressway
~

1.16 Utilities to be constructed/shifted ...C

-
Section 2 - 2.3 Right of way and land to be acquired
2.5.1 Type and width median in various stretches
2.9.2.3 List of sections where radius of curve less than desirable
-
minimum
2.10.1 Width of underpasses
2. 10.2 Pedestrian and cattle underpasses where. vertical clearance
shall be 4.5 m
2.11.1 Width of overpasses and span arrangement
2.12.2 Location of interchanges
2.12.3 Location and length of other details and specifications of
connecting roads
2.13.1 Location and other features of grade separated structures
2.13.2 (i) Type of structure for vehicular underpass or overpass and
whether cross road shall be carried at the existing level or
raised/lowered.

(ii) Stretches where the Project Expressway shall be elevated

or viaduct
2.13.3 Location of light vehicle underpasses
2.13.4 Location of cattle and pedestrian underpasses or overpasses
2.15 Distance of fencing from the ROW boundary
Section 3 3.1.1 and Location and type of grade separated structures, interchanges,
3.2.1 other featu res and land requirements
3.2.3 Length of viaduct of grade separated structures
Section 5 5.2.1 Type of pavement
Section 6 6.1 (ii) Provision of structures, initial configuration
6.1 (vii) Utility services to be carried over the structures

144
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IRC:SP:99-2013

Section Para Particulars to be specified

6.4 (iv) Requirement of special structures like cable stayed/
superstructure bridge, etc.
6.4(v) Span length of structur~s
Section 7 7.1.3 Requirement of Tunnel - Lqcations, length and number of
lanes ~

Section 10 10.2.8 Location and size of Over Head Signs

Section 13 13.1 Location of Service Areas, Toilet Facilities ~

13.2 Location of Pick-up Bus Stops

13.3 Location of Border Check Post
Section 14 14.3.1 Number of Trees to be planted
14.4 Locations for landscape treatment
Section 15 15.1 (i) Locations for providing lighting
and 15.4

145
 IRC:SP:99-201 3

Section Para Particulars to be specified

6.4 (iv) Requirement of special structures like cable stayed/
superstructure bridge, etc.
6.4(v) Span length of structures
Section 7 7.1.3 Requirement of Tunnel - LQcations, length and number of
lanes 4-.
Section 10 10.2.8 Location and size of Over Head Signs
Section 13 13.1 Location of Service Areas, Toilet Facilities ~

13.2 Location of Pick-up Bus Stops

13.3 Location of Border Check Post
Section 14 14.3.1 Number of Trees to be planted
14.4 Locations for landscape treatment
Section 15 15.1 (i) Locations for providing lighting
and 15.4

·-

145
IRC:SP:99-2013

ANNEXURE

PERSONNEL OF PROJECT PREPARATION, CONTRACT

MANAGEMENT & QUALITY ASSURANCE COMMITTEE (G-1)

S.K .. Puri Convenor

P.K.Datta Co-Conve.[!or
K.Venkata Ramana Member-Secretary

Members
K. Siva Reddy Palash Shrivastava
A.K. Banerjee
K.R.S. Ganesan R.K. Pandey
A.K. Sarin
L.P. Padhy R.S . Mahalaha
A.P. Bahadur
M.K. Dasgupta R.S. Sharma
Ashok Kumar
M.P. Sharma R. Chakrapani
Ashwini Kumar
Maj. Gen K.T. Gajria S.K. Nirmal
Atar Singh
N.K. Sinha S.V. Patwardhan
Col. A.K. Bhasin
P.R. Rao Varun 'Aggarwal
D.P. Gupta
Faqir Chand
Ex-Officio Members
Director General (Road Development) & Special
Shri C. Kandasamy
Secretary, MORTH and President, IRC
Shri Vishnu Shankar Prasad Secretary General, IRC

PERSONNEL OF THE ROAD SAFETY AND DESIGN COMMITTEE (H-7)

Dr. L.R. Kadiyali Convenor

C.S. Prasad Co-Convenor
Dr. GeetamTiwari Member-Secretary

Members

A.P. Bahadur Manoj Kumar Ahuja

Amarjit Singh Prof. P.K. Sikdar
B.G. Sreedevi S.C. Sharma
Bina C. Balakrishnan The Addi. Director General of Police, Bangalore (Praveen Sood)
D.P. Gupta The Chief Engineer, (R) S, R&T, MORTH (Manoj Kumar)
Dr. Dinesh Mohan The Director, Gujarat Engineering Research Institute
Dr. I.K. Pateriya The Director, Quality Assurance & Research (formely HRS)
Dr. Ravi Shankar The Director, Transport Research Wing, MORTH
Dr. S.M. Sarin The Head, TED, CRRI (Dr. Nishi Mittal)
Dr. S.S. Jain The Joint Commissioner of Police (Traffic), New Delhi
Dr. Sewa Ram Yuvraj Singh Ahuja

Ex-Officio Members

Shri C. Kandasamy Director General (Road Development) & Special

Secretary, MORTH and President, IRC
Shri Vishnu Shankar Prasad Secretary General, IRC

146
(The Official amendments to this document would be published by
the IRC in its periodical, 'Indian Highways' which shall be
considered as effective and as part of the code/guidelines/manual,
etc. from the date specified therein)